Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2725 905581 888503 2026-08-21T11:22:39Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jihar Bauchi''': jiha ce da ke yankin [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewa]] maso gabascin [[Najeriya]]. Ta haɗa iyakokin ta da jahohi daga arewacin ƙasar kamar jahar [[Kano (jihar)|Kano]] da jahar [[Jigawa]],Jihar [[Jahar Taraba|Taraba]] da [[Plateau (jihar)|Plateau]] daga kudancin da jahar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]] da kuma jahar [[Yobe]] daga Gabas, sai kuma [[Kaduna|jahar Kaduna]] daga Yamma. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihin masarautar [[Bauchi]], wacce ita ce babban birnin jihar a yau. An kafa Jihar Bauchi a shekarar 1976, a yayin da aka rarraba [[Tsohuwar Havana|tsohuwar]] Jihar [[Arewa (Najeriya)|Arewa]] maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. A baya Jihar Bauchi ta mamaye yankin Jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], wacce daga bisani ta zamo jiha mai zaman kanta a shekara ta alif 1996.<ref name=":1">https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Bauchi/</ref> Bauchi ita ce jiha ta biyar a faɗin ƙasa<ref>Top 10 Largest States in Nigeria by Landmass • Okay.ng</ref>, kuma ta bakwai a yawan jama'a<ref>Bauchi State - Wikipedia. </ref>. Ta na da yawan fili kimanin kilomita dubu ar,ba’in da shidda da ɗari takwas da casa'in da uku (45, 893) da yawan [[mutane]] kimanin miliyan bakwai da dubu dari biyar da arba'in da ɗari shida da sittin da uku (7,540,663)<ref>List of Nigerian states by population - Wikipedia</ref> a bisa kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da shida 2006. Jihar ta rabu dangane da yanayin kasa zuwa kashi biyu (2), [https://www.bing.com/search?q=West+Sudanian+savanna&cvid=d4b6074f5699479f970ad7736d7e8763&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIGCAEQABhA0gEHNzk5ajBqOagCCLACAQ&FORM=ANAB01&PC=U531 West Sudanian savanna] daga kudu da kuma semi-desert sahel Savanna daga arewa, da kuma montane [[Jos Plateau]] daga kudu maso yammacin Jihar.<ref>"Bauchi | state, Nigeria | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</ref> Daga cikin kayatattun wurare a garin sun hada da, [[Yankari National Park]], wani katafaren wajen ajiye dabbobi ne dake kudancin jihar Bauchi inda akwai dabbobi kaman bijimai, birrai, barewa, zakuna, giwaye da dai sauransu.<ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''[[Wildlife Conservation Society|WCS]] Nigeria''. Retrieved 14 Disemba 2021.</ref> Bauchi ne babban birnin jihar [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]]. [[Bala Mohammed|Bala Abdulkadir Mohammed]] shi ne Gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2019 har zuwa yau. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], [[Isa Yuguda]], [[Isah Hamma Misau]], [[Nazif Gamawa]], [[Haruna Ningi]] da [[Ali Wakili]]. Akwai yaruka da dama a yankuna daban daban na Jihar wadanda suka hada da: [[Bole language|Yaren Bolewa]], Butawa, da [[Warji language|Yaren Warji]] daga yankunan tsakiyar jihar; [[Fula people|Yaren Fulfulde]], [[Kanuri people|Yaren Kanuri]], da [[Karai-Karai (language)|Yaren Karai-Karai]] daga arewacin garin; [[Fulani]] da [[Gera language|Yaren Gerawa]] acikin birnin Bauchi da kewayen ta; [[Saya language|Yaren Zaar (Sayawa)]] daga kudu; [[Tangale language|Yaren Tangale]] daga kudu maso gabas; da kuma Jarawa daga kudu maso yamma. Mafi akasarin mutanen gari (kaso tamanin da biyar 85%) musulmai ne, da karamin kaso kiristoci da kaso shida 6% da maguzawa da kaso tara 9%.<ref>"Azare Town | Bauchi State". ''www.fmcazare.gov.ng''. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</ref> A farkon shekarun alif dubu da dari takwas 1800s, [[Fulani]] Jihadi sun kwace mafi akasarin garin birnin Bauchi na yau, sannan suka kafa Masarautar Bauchi a karkashin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto. A karni na dubu daya da shatara 1900 ne Turawan mulkin mallaka suka mamaye Masarautar kuma suka hade ta a cikin [[Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya]] wacce daga bisani ta zamo Najeriya karkashin mulkin Turawa, kafin samun 'yanci a shekarar alif dari Tara da sittin 1960. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Bauchi a yau tana cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci har zuwa shekarar alif ta 1967 lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin [[Jihar Arewa ta Gabas]].<ref>"Bauchi State". ''Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission''. 7 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2022.</ref> Bayan rarraba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas, an kafa Jihar Bauchi a ranar uku 3 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976 tare da sauran jihohi goma. Shekaru ashirin (20) kuma bayan kafata, an hade wasu kananan hukumomi daga yammacin Jihar inda suka samar da Jihar [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]]. [[Fayil:Emir of Bauchi Main Palace.jpg|thumb|bauchi emir]] A matsayinta na jihar da ta dogara da noma, tattalin arzkin Jihar sun ta'allaka ne akan dabbobi da hatsi, kamansu [[Auduga|auduga]], [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Tumatir|tumatiri]] da kuma [[Doya|doya]] tare da cigaba a fannin noman rani na kara habaka samar da abinci tun zamanta jiha. Sannan akwai masana'antu na sarrafa abinci da masana'antun sarrafa kayan abinci na gwan-gwani, da kuma hako ma'adanai kamar tin da columbite, da kuma wuraren bude idanu kamar [[Dajin shakatawa na Yankari]] da koramunta na ''Wikki Springs''.<ref>"Bauchi - state, Nigeria". ''britannica.com''. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> == Asalin Suna == Dangane da [[tarihi]] na [[gargajiya]], garin ya samo asali ne daga wani mafarauci mai suna Baushe, wanda ya zauna a yankin kafin zuwan jagoran masarutar na farko wato Yakubu (wacce aka samar a tsakanin shekara ta 1800–10).<ref>"Bauchi - state, Nigeria". ''britannica.com''. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 30 April 2018.</ref> Jihohin Bauchi da [[Adamawa]] sun kasance kasashen 'yanci da kasuwanci ga mutanen [[Daular]] [[Fulani]] na [[Sokoto]].<ref>Johnston, Hugh A.S. (1967). ''The Fulani Empire of Sokoto''. [[Oxford University Press]]. p. 161. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Musamman:BookSources/0-19-215428-1|<bdi>0-19-215428-1</bdi>]].</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:ASC Leiden - Rietveld Collection - Nigeria 1970 - 1973 - 01 - 068 Sallah festivities in Bauchi. Rich horsemen in white, with red and white parasol for the ceremonial ruler of Bauchi.jpg|thumb|Bauchi a Shekarar 1970]] Wurin da ake kira Bauchi ta kasance kafin shekarar 1976 gunduma a yankin [[Jihar Arewa ta Gabas]]. Dangane da kidayar shekara ta 2006, Jihar tana da mutane kimanin 4,653,066. Jihar Bauchi ta samu cigaba iri-iri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Akwai harshen [[Ajawa language|Ajawa]] da akeyin amfani dashi a jihar Bauchi, amma daga bisani ya bace a tsakanin shekarun 1920 da shekara ta 1940 inda asalin masu amfani da harshe suka sauya zuwa [[Hausa]].<ref>Ajawa language at ''Ethnologue''</ref> A lokacin mulkin [[Turawa]] har zuwa samun 'yanci, tana cikin yankin [[Plateau]] da Yankin Arewacin Najeriya, har zuwa shekara ta 1967 lokacin da aka samar da jihohi, yayin da yankunan Bauchi, [[Borno|Borno]], da [[Adamawa|Adamawa]] suka hade wajen samar da [[Jihar Arewa ta Gabas]]. Bayan samar da Jihar Bauchi a shekara ta 1976, a lokacin Jihohi biyu Bauchi da [[Gombe]] na hade, jihar nada kananan hukumomi 16. Daga bisani an kara yawan kananan hukumomin zuwa 20 sannan daga bisani 23. Haka zalika, a shekara ta 1997, an samar da Jihar Gombe, daga Jihar Bauchi inda aka samu karin kananan hukumomi a kasar, inda aka bar Jihar Bauchi da kananan hukumomi 20 kamar yadda aka zayyano a kasa: == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Bauchi nada adadin Kananan hukumomi ashirin (20). Sune: {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Karamar Hukuma ! Fadin kasa (km²) ! Adadin 2006<br> Mutane ! Cibiyar Karamar Hukuma ! Lambar aika<br>sako |- | [[Bauchi]] | align="right"|3,687 | align="right"|493,810 | [[Bauchi]] | 740 |- | [[Tafawa Balewa, Nigeria|Tafawa Balewa]] | align="right"|2,515 | align="right"|219,988 | [[Bununu, Nigeria|Bununu]] | 740 |- | [[Dass, Nigeria|Dass]] | align="right"|535 | align="right"|89,943 | [[Dass, Nigeria|Dass]] | 740 |- | [[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] | align="right"|6,932 | align="right"|350,404 | [[Toro, Nigeria|Toro]] | 740 |- | [[Bogoro]] | align="right"|894 | align="right"|84,215 | [[Bogoro]] | 741 |- | [[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] | align="right"|4,625 | align="right"|387,192 | [[Ningi, Nigeria|Ningi]] | 742 |- | [[Warji]] | align="right"|625 | align="right"|114,720 | [[Warji]] | 742 |- | [[Ganjuwa]] | align="right"|5,059 | align="right"|280,468 | [[Kafin Madaki]] | 742 |- | [[Kirfi]] | align="right"|2,371 | align="right"|147,618 | [[Kirfi]] | 743 |- | [[Alkaleri]] | align="right"|5,918 | align="right"|329,424 | [[Alkaleri]] | 743 |- | ''Southern region totals'' | align="right"|''33,161'' | align="right"|''2,497,782'' | | |- | [[Darazo]] | align="right"|3,015 | align="right"|251,597 | [[Darazo]] | 750 |- | [[Misau]] | align="right"|1,226 | align="right"|263,487 | [[Misau]] | 750 |- | [[Giade]] | align="right"|668 | align="right"|156,969 | [[Giade]] | 750 |- | [[Shira, Nigeria|Shira]] | align="right"|1,321 | align="right"|234,014 | [[Yana, Nigeria|Yana]] | 750 |- | [[Jama'are]] | align="right"|493 | align="right"|117,883 | [[Jama'are]] | 751 |- | [[Katagum]] | align="right"|1,436 | align="right"|295,970 | [[Azare]] | 751 |- | [[Itas/Gadau]] | align="right"|1,398 | align="right"|229,996 | [[Itas]] | 751 |- | [[Zaki, Nigeria|Zaki]] | align="right"|1,476 | align="right"|191,457 | [[Katagum]] | 752 |- | [[Gamawa]] | align="right"|2,925 | align="right"|286,388 | [[Gamawa]] | 752 |- | [[Damban]] | align="right"|1,077 | align="right"|150,922 | [[Damban]] | 752 |- | ''Northern region totals'' | align="right"|''15,035'' | align="right"|''2,178,683'' | | |} == Garuruwa == [[File:Bauchi Emirate Palace (1).jpg|thumb|Bauchi Emirate Council]] [[Kirfi]] Ta kasance Garine cikin Birnin Bauchi wadda keda aƙalla faɗin aƙalla 700 mita kewaye da gefenta ne rafin Gongola wanda ke isar da ruwa zuwa cikin garin. Wanda ya hade da babban kogin [[Benue]]. Gari ne mai tarin albarkoki, a bangaren [[Noma]] da [[Kiwo]].<ref name=":0">Haour, Anne., Rossi, Benedetta.p.165</ref> A al’adance ta kasance tana maraba ne kaɗai da mutanen da ake kira Kirfawa kuma ta fada karkashin gundumar [[Hausawa]]. [[Bincike]] akan garin Kirfi ya nuna cewa amsoshin da suka ƙunshi al’ada, da [[Addini]] da harkan [[Siyasa]] a kasar [[Hausa]] ana iya samun sa a garin Kirfi ta garin Bauchi.<ref name=":0" /> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Bauchi ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 49,119 km² (18,965 sq mi) inda ta mamaye kaso 5.3% na daukakin fadin Najeriya kuma tana zaune akan lambobin wuri na latitudes 9° 3' da 12° 3' arewa da kuma longitudes 8° 50' da [[11° gabas]]. Jihar tana da iyaka da jihohi bakwai, Kano da Jigawa daga arewa, Taraba da Plateau daga Kudu, Gombe da Yobe daga Gabas sai kuma Kaduna daga Yamma. Jihar Bauchi na daga cikin jihohin arewan Najeriya dake da yanayin tsirrai iri biyu, [[Sudan (region)|Sudan savannah]] da kuma [[Sahel|Sahel savannah]]. Haka zalika akwai tsaunuka a kudancin yankin garin, dangane da alakarta da tsaunukan [[Jos Plateau]]. == Adadin jama'a == Akwai Kabilu daban daban har guda 55 a garin wanda suka hada da: Gerawa, Sayawa, [[Jarawa language (Nigeria)|Jarawa]], Kirfawa, Hausawa [[Bolewa]], Karekare, [[Kanuri people|Kanuri]], Fa'awa, Butawa, Warjawa, Zulawa, Boyawa, Badawa. Amma Fulani ne asalin kabilar garin. Hakan na nufin cewa suna da nasu asalin, al'adu, addinai da makamantansu. Akwai kamaiceceniya tsakanin harsunan garin, dangane da ayyuka, al'adu, sutura, da kuma cudanya a tsakaninsu musamman ta hanyar auratanya da kasuwanci. Wasu daga cikin harsunan na da ba'a a tsakaninsu. da Sayawa da dai sauransu. Bikin hawan sallah na daya daga cikin muhimman bukukuwa da ke jawo 'yan kallo a duk shekara.<ref>"A 100-Year-Old Muslim Festival of Horse Riding". ''Folio Nigeria''. Retrieved 17 August 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]]<ref>keetu (8 March 2018). "List Of Accredited Courses Offered In ATBU Bauchi". Retrieved 6 August2021.</ref> na nan acikin babban birnin Bauchi.<ref>keetu (8 March 2018). "List Of Accredited Courses Offered In ATBU Bauchi". Retrieved 6 August2021.</ref> Wasu daga cikin wuraren koyarwa sun hada da; Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi,<ref>"List Of BASUG Courses and Programmes Offered - MySchoolGist". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 6 August 2021.</ref> [[Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic]]<ref>"Bauchi poly secures accreditation for 53 courses". ''The Nation''. 16 January 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2019.</ref> , [[Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi|Federal Polytechnic, Bauch]]<nowiki/>i.<ref>keetu (23 November 2017). "List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Poly Bauchi". Retrieved 6 August 2021.</ref>, Aminu saleh college of Education Azare<ref>https://freedomonline.com.ng/coe-azare-introduces-4-pgd-courses-3-degree-programs-official/?amp=1</ref>Federal university of health science Azare<ref>https://independent.ng/federal-university-of-health-sciences-azare-matriculate-760-pioneer-students/</ref> == Yaruka == Ire-iren harsunan [[West Chadic language]] da ake amfani dasu a Bauchi sun hada da:<ref>Blench, Roger (2019). ''An Atlas of Nigerian Languages'' (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.</ref> * [[North Bauchi languages]] * [[South Bauchi languages]] Yarukan Bauchi a jere da kananan hukumominsu.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Alkaleri || Dass; Bole; Duguri; Giiwo; Guruntum-Mbaaru; Labir; Tangale |- | Bauchi || Bankal; Duguri; Dulbu; Galambu; Gera; Geruma; Giiwo; Guruntum-Mbaaru; Ju; Kir-Balar; Labir; Luri; Mangas; Mbat; Pa'a; Polci; Shiki; Tala; Zangwal |- | Bogoro || Saya |- | Darazo || Bole; Deno; Diri; Giiwo; Mburku; Ngamo; Zumbun |- | Dass || Bankal; Dass; Gwak; Polci; Saya; Shall-Zwall; Zari |- | Dukku || Bole |- | Gamawa || Karekare |- | Ganjuwa || Ciwogai; Gera; Geruma; Jimi; Kariya; Kubi; Miya |- | Kirfi || Bure |- | Misau || Fulato/Borno; Shuwa; Kanuri; Hausa; Fulani |- | Ningi || Diri; Gamo-Ningi; Kudu-Camo; Pa'a; Siri; Warji; Geruma |- | Tafawa Balewa || Sur; Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri; Zari; Bankal; Gwak; Izere; Saya |- | Toro || Bankal; Dass; Geji; Geruma; Gwa; Gyem; Iguta; Izere; Jere; Lame; Lemoro; Mawa; Panawa; Polci; Sanga; Saya; Shau; Tunzuii; Zari; Zeem; Ziriya |- | Zaki || Bade |} Sauran harsunan Bauchi sun hada da: Ajawa, Beele, Berom, Kanuri, Kwaami, Manga, Pero, da kuma Piya-Kwonci. == Gwamnati == Gwamnan garin shine babban mai zartarwa, tare da fannin shari'a na garin na nan a birnin Bauchi.<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020.</ref> === Gwamna === Gwamna Bauchi shine Mr. Bala AbdulKadir Mohammed, wanda ya lashe zabe a ranar 9 ga watan Maria ,shekara ta 2019 a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2019, wanda hakan tasa ya zamo gwamna na shida a Bauchi a karkashin mulkin dimukradiyya sannan kuma gwamna na 16 gaba daya. Baba Tela ne mataimakin gwamnan Bauchi.<ref>"Huge Crowd Gather for Bala Mohammed's Inauguration in Bauchi". ''THISDAYLIVE''. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 1 April 2022.</ref><ref>"Nigerian States". ''www.worldstatesmen.org''. Retrieved 2 April 2022.</ref> == Kiwon Lafiya == Jihar [[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] na da tarin [[Asibiti|asibitoci]] daman hukumomin kiwon lafiya, wannnan sun hada da: * Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Teaching Hospital<ref>https://dailytrust.com/atbu-teaching-hospital-doctors-others-unite-for-patients-wellbeing/</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2022/11/28/over-300-in-bauchi-to-benefit-from-free-medical-programme/</ref> * Bauchi State Hospital<ref><nowiki>https://tribuneonlineng.com/bauchi-hospital-management-board-restates-commitment-to-effective-healthcare-services/</nowiki></ref> * Al-amin Hospital * Niima Consultants Hospital * Albishir Clinic and Maternity * Proactive Clinic and Hospital Ltd. * Reemee Medicare Nigeria Limited. == Sanannun Mutane == * [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], first and only prime minister of Nigeria * [[Jude Rabo]], vice-chancellor of Federal University, Wukari * Tijjani Yusuf Guruntum. * [[Isa Yuguda]]. Dan Siyasa, tsohon gwamnan jihar Bauchi daga 2007 zuwa 2015. * [[Bala Mohammed|Bala Muhammed]]. Dan Siyasa * [[Mohammed Abdullahi Abubakar|Muhammed Abdullahi Abubakar]]. Dan Siyasa * [[Sa'adu Zungur]]. Mawaki * [[Adamu Muhammad Bulkachuwa]]. Dan shiyasa. * Isa Hassan Jama'are. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Bauchi state university Gadau.jpg|thumb|Bauchi jahace Mai girma File:Emir of Bauchi Main Palace.jpg|thumb|Masarautar Bauchi File:Top view of bauchi state capital Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Bauchi File:Bauchi State Governor Mohammed Abubakar with USAID Mission Director Michael Harvey 3.jpg|thumb|Bauchi File:Durba banner carrier.jpg|thumb|Al'ummar Bauchi a wajen bukukuwan al'ada File:Federal government road linked from bauchi state to biu along bcga.jpg|thumb|Federal government of Bauchi File:Sumu wildlife park 3.jpg|thumb|Gidan namun daji na bauchi </gallery> == Bibiliyo == * Haour, Anne., Rossi, Benedetta (2010) ''Being and becoming Hausa : interdisciplinary perspectives.Leiden: Brill. [[ISBN]] 978-90-04-1854-25'' ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bauchi}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] cvmfepwiea550ehm95bhgrcujsmjm1r 0 5804 905459 888462 2026-08-21T07:44:22Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* NOMAN RANI. */ 905459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] [[File:Chapeltoun Mains Farm, East Ayrshire, Scotland. View from Bankend Farm.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Unload wheat by the combine Claas Lexion 584.jpg|thumb|noma Babar Sana,a ce]] Noma [[Hausawa]] na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki kowa ya taho kai ya taras, noma tushen [[arziki]]. *Menene Noma? [[File:TRADITIONAL FARMING.jpg|thumb|yadda ake huɗa kenan a lokacin noma]] [[File:Wheat farming in Nepal.jpg|thumb|Nuoman shinkafa]] '''Noma''' yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun ƙaruwar [[tattalin arziki]] da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/98433369/ZAMANI_ZO_MU_TAFI_ALADUN_HAUSAWA_A_DUNIYAR_INTANET</ref> A [[kasar Hausa]] ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar [[tattalin arziki]]. Da noma ne [[Hausawa]] suka fi samun kuɗin shiga da [[abinci]] da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a [[masana'anta]] kamar [[tufafi]] da sauransu.<ref>https://muktarishehu.wordpress.com/2018/12/12/359/</ref> A wajen [[Hausawa]] musamman mazauna [[karkara]] noma ya zama tamkar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.<ref>https://nounupdate.com/summaries/HAU117_summary.txt</ref> Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/109636656/Kasuwanci_a_Duniyar_Intanet_%C6%98alubalen_Hausawan_%C6%98arni_na_21</ref> ==YADDA AKE NOMA.== [[Fayil:Tractors in Potato Field.jpg|thumb|yanda 'ake huɗa]] Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma. Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa. *noman rani *noman damina. ==NOMAN RANI.== [[File:Crawfish Farming - Acadia Parish Louisiana 2020.jpg|thumb|Norman rani a lokacin da ruwan sama ya kare]] Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba. *ga yarda ake noman rani. Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar [[rafi]] , [[korama]] , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). Da zarar ruwan sama ya ɗauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi. Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga. Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani. *[[kubewa]]. *[[albasa]]. *[[yalo]]. *tumatir. *[[Karas]]. *[[tattasai]]. *[[Rogo]][[File:Maize plantation.jpg|thumb|Shukar masara kenan data fara girma]][[masara]]. *[[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|karas kenan]][[karas]]. *[[dankali]]. *[[salak]]. *[[lansir]]. *[[File:Spinach salad.jpg|thumb|alaiyahu]][[Wake]] *[[alaiyahu]]. *[[rake]]. *[[Waken suya]] *[[Dawa]] * * da dai sauran su. To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya ɗaukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin. ==NOMAN DAMINA.== Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina. *ga yadda ake yin noman damina. Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka. Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi. ==ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.== Na abinci akwai. *[[gero]] *[[File:Maize-teosinte.jpg|thumb|Masara idan ta girma ]][[File:Roasted maize in husks.jpg|thumb|Masara kenan gasassa bayan an noma ta]][[masara]] *[[dawa]] *[[shinkafa]] *[[maiwa]] da sauran su. Na sayarwa *[[File:2059513 data foodanddrink efd LGMA 0152.jpg|thumb|dankalin turawa]][[dankali]] *[[wake]] *[[gyada]] *[[auduga]] *[[ridi]] da sauran su. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fasaha]] 873buytzageq1ecnyrnfg0xy7i38dft 905460 905459 2026-08-21T07:44:41Z Mhizabdoul 42167 905460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] [[File:Chapeltoun Mains Farm, East Ayrshire, Scotland. View from Bankend Farm.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Unload wheat by the combine Claas Lexion 584.jpg|thumb|noma Babar Sana,a ce]] Noma [[Hausawa]] na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki kowa ya taho kai ya taras, noma tushen [[arziki]]. *Menene Noma? [[File:TRADITIONAL FARMING.jpg|thumb|yadda ake huɗa kenan a lokacin noma]] [[File:Wheat farming in Nepal.jpg|thumb|Nuoman shinkafa]] '''Noma''' yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun ƙaruwar [[tattalin arziki]] da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/98433369/ZAMANI_ZO_MU_TAFI_ALADUN_HAUSAWA_A_DUNIYAR_INTANET</ref> A [[kasar Hausa]] ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar [[tattalin arziki]]. Da noma ne [[Hausawa]] suka fi samun kuɗin shiga da [[abinci]] da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a [[masana'anta]] kamar [[tufafi]] da sauransu.<ref>https://muktarishehu.wordpress.com/2018/12/12/359/</ref> A wajen [[Hausawa]] musamman mazauna [[karkara]] noma ya zama tamkar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.<ref>https://nounupdate.com/summaries/HAU117_summary.txt</ref> Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/109636656/Kasuwanci_a_Duniyar_Intanet_%C6%98alubalen_Hausawan_%C6%98arni_na_21</ref> ==YADDA AKE NOMA.== [[Fayil:Tractors in Potato Field.jpg|thumb|yanda 'ake huɗa]] Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma. Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa. *noman rani *noman damina. ==NOMAN RANI.== [[File:Crawfish Farming - Acadia Parish Louisiana 2020.jpg|thumb|Norman rani a lokacin da ruwan sama ya kare]] Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba. *ga yarda ake noman rani. Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar [[rafi]] , [[korama]] , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). Da zarar ruwan sama ya ɗauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi. Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga. Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani. *[[kubewa]]. *[[albasa]]. *[[yalo]]. *tumatir. *[[Karas]]. *tattasai. *[[Rogo]][[File:Maize plantation.jpg|thumb|Shukar masara kenan data fara girma]][[masara]]. *[[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|karas kenan]][[karas]]. *[[dankali]]. *[[salak]]. *[[lansir]]. *[[File:Spinach salad.jpg|thumb|alaiyahu]][[Wake]] *[[alaiyahu]]. *[[rake]]. *[[Waken suya]] *[[Dawa]] * * da dai sauran su. To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya ɗaukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin. ==NOMAN DAMINA.== Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina. *ga yadda ake yin noman damina. Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka. Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi. ==ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.== Na abinci akwai. *[[gero]] *[[File:Maize-teosinte.jpg|thumb|Masara idan ta girma ]][[File:Roasted maize in husks.jpg|thumb|Masara kenan gasassa bayan an noma ta]][[masara]] *[[dawa]] *[[shinkafa]] *[[maiwa]] da sauran su. Na sayarwa *[[File:2059513 data foodanddrink efd LGMA 0152.jpg|thumb|dankalin turawa]][[dankali]] *[[wake]] *[[gyada]] *[[auduga]] *[[ridi]] da sauran su. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fasaha]] q6ggycvnuu87whjdg14zf1bgqkur492 905461 905460 2026-08-21T07:45:01Z Mhizabdoul 42167 905461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] [[File:Chapeltoun Mains Farm, East Ayrshire, Scotland. View from Bankend Farm.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Unload wheat by the combine Claas Lexion 584.jpg|thumb|noma Babar Sana,a ce]] Noma [[Hausawa]] na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki kowa ya taho kai ya taras, noma tushen [[arziki]]. *Menene Noma? [[File:TRADITIONAL FARMING.jpg|thumb|yadda ake huɗa kenan a lokacin noma]] [[File:Wheat farming in Nepal.jpg|thumb|Nuoman shinkafa]] '''Noma''' yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun ƙaruwar [[tattalin arziki]] da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/98433369/ZAMANI_ZO_MU_TAFI_ALADUN_HAUSAWA_A_DUNIYAR_INTANET</ref> A [[kasar Hausa]] ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar [[tattalin arziki]]. Da noma ne [[Hausawa]] suka fi samun kuɗin shiga da [[abinci]] da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a [[masana'anta]] kamar [[tufafi]] da sauransu.<ref>https://muktarishehu.wordpress.com/2018/12/12/359/</ref> A wajen [[Hausawa]] musamman mazauna [[karkara]] noma ya zama tamkar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.<ref>https://nounupdate.com/summaries/HAU117_summary.txt</ref> Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/109636656/Kasuwanci_a_Duniyar_Intanet_%C6%98alubalen_Hausawan_%C6%98arni_na_21</ref> ==YADDA AKE NOMA.== [[Fayil:Tractors in Potato Field.jpg|thumb|yanda 'ake huɗa]] Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma. Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa. *noman rani *noman damina. ==NOMAN RANI.== [[File:Crawfish Farming - Acadia Parish Louisiana 2020.jpg|thumb|Norman rani a lokacin da ruwan sama ya kare]] Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba. *ga yarda ake noman rani. Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar [[rafi]] , [[korama]] , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). Da zarar ruwan sama ya ɗauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi. Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga. Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani. *[[kubewa]]. *[[albasa]]. *[[yalo]]. *tumatir. *[[Karas]]. *tattasai. *[[Rogo]][[File:Maize plantation.jpg|thumb|Shukar masara kenan data fara girma]][[masara]]. *[[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|karas kenan]][[karas]]. *[[dankali]]. *salak. *[[lansir]]. *[[File:Spinach salad.jpg|thumb|alaiyahu]][[Wake]] *[[alaiyahu]]. *[[rake]]. *[[Waken suya]] *[[Dawa]] * * da dai sauran su. To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya ɗaukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin. ==NOMAN DAMINA.== Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina. *ga yadda ake yin noman damina. Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka. Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi. ==ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.== Na abinci akwai. *[[gero]] *[[File:Maize-teosinte.jpg|thumb|Masara idan ta girma ]][[File:Roasted maize in husks.jpg|thumb|Masara kenan gasassa bayan an noma ta]][[masara]] *[[dawa]] *[[shinkafa]] *[[maiwa]] da sauran su. Na sayarwa *[[File:2059513 data foodanddrink efd LGMA 0152.jpg|thumb|dankalin turawa]][[dankali]] *[[wake]] *[[gyada]] *[[auduga]] *[[ridi]] da sauran su. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fasaha]] kulh6qgf3e5eetn6dxmgzibypej9ou5 905463 905461 2026-08-21T07:45:16Z Mhizabdoul 42167 /* NOMAN RANI. */ 905463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Tomb of Nakht (2).jpg|thumb|right|]] [[File:Chapeltoun Mains Farm, East Ayrshire, Scotland. View from Bankend Farm.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Unload wheat by the combine Claas Lexion 584.jpg|thumb|noma Babar Sana,a ce]] Noma [[Hausawa]] na masa kirari "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki kowa ya taho kai ya taras, noma tushen [[arziki]]. *Menene Noma? [[File:TRADITIONAL FARMING.jpg|thumb|yadda ake huɗa kenan a lokacin noma]] [[File:Wheat farming in Nepal.jpg|thumb|Nuoman shinkafa]] '''Noma''' yana da kuma ma'anoni da dama kasancewar irin a Haka zalika, noma wata babbar hanya ce ta samun ƙaruwar [[tattalin arziki]] da al'ummai suka raja'a a kan ta.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/98433369/ZAMANI_ZO_MU_TAFI_ALADUN_HAUSAWA_A_DUNIYAR_INTANET</ref> A [[kasar Hausa]] ko kuwa, noma shi ne babbar hanya ta samun haɓakar [[tattalin arziki]]. Da noma ne [[Hausawa]] suka fi samun kuɗin shiga da [[abinci]] da ma kayayyakin da ake sarrafawa a [[masana'anta]] kamar [[tufafi]] da sauransu.<ref>https://muktarishehu.wordpress.com/2018/12/12/359/</ref> A wajen [[Hausawa]] musamman mazauna [[karkara]] noma ya zama tamkar wajibi (dole) a wajen Kuma kowanne Bahaushe, musamman ma magidanci.<ref>https://nounupdate.com/summaries/HAU117_summary.txt</ref> Kusan mu ce ma kowanne Bahaushe ya iya noma, ya kuma san yadda ake yin shi. Noma da Kiwo duk suna nufin abu daya ne a ma'anar da ilimin zamani ya samar.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/109636656/Kasuwanci_a_Duniyar_Intanet_%C6%98alubalen_Hausawan_%C6%98arni_na_21</ref> ==YADDA AKE NOMA.== [[Fayil:Tractors in Potato Field.jpg|thumb|yanda 'ake huɗa]] Kafin bayani game da yadda ake noma za mu dan tattauna ne a game da rabe-raben noma. Noma ya rabu zuwa gida biyu, kuma kowanne da irin yadda ake yin sa. *noman rani *noman damina. ==NOMAN RANI.== [[File:Crawfish Farming - Acadia Parish Louisiana 2020.jpg|thumb|Norman rani a lokacin da ruwan sama ya kare]] Noman rani, noma ne da ake yin shi a lokacin rani ba da damina ba. *ga yarda ake noman rani. Shi noman rani ana yin sa ne a wuraren da ruwa yake wadatacce kamar [[rafi]] , [[korama]] , da madatsun ruwa wato (dam). Da zarar ruwan sama ya ɗauke wato kaka ta yi, manoman rani za su fara ne da share gonakinsu, daga nan kuma sai su yi kaftu, su ja kwamame, sai su shuka abin da za su shuka a cikin kwamame. Suna yin amfani da injinan ban ruwa wajen bai wa shukokinsu ruwa, har su girma, su isa girbi. Akasarin abubuwan da ake nomawa a noman rani ana shuka su ne saboda sayarwa domin samun kudin shiga. Ga irin abubuwan da ake nomawa da rani. *[[kubewa]]. *[[albasa]]. *[[yalo]]. *tumatir. *[[Karas]]. *tattasai. *[[Rogo]][[File:Maize plantation.jpg|thumb|Shukar masara kenan data fara girma]][[masara]]. *[[File:Carrots - Daucus carota subsp. sativus.jpg|thumb|karas kenan]][[karas]]. *[[dankali]]. *salak. *[[lansir]]. *[[File:Spinach salad.jpg|thumb|alaiyahu]][[Wake]] *alaiyahu. *[[rake]]. *[[Waken suya]] *[[Dawa]] * * da dai sauran su. To, amma kuma ya danganta da yanayi na yadda kasa za ta iya ɗaukar abinda aka shuka a kan ta. Misali idan aka shuka wani abun a wani yankin ba lallai ya yi ba kamar yadda zai yi a wani yankin. ==NOMAN DAMINA.== Sabanin noman rani, shi noman damina ana yin sa ne a lokacin damina. *ga yadda ake yin noman damina. Da zarar an samu ruwan sama wato (damina ta fadi), manoma za su bazama gonakinsu domin yin huda da shuka. Akasari an fi shuka kayan abinci a wajen noman damina, to, amma akan shuka kayan sayarwa jefi-jefi. ==ABUBUWAN DA AKE NOMAWA DA DAMINA.== Na abinci akwai. *[[gero]] *[[File:Maize-teosinte.jpg|thumb|Masara idan ta girma ]][[File:Roasted maize in husks.jpg|thumb|Masara kenan gasassa bayan an noma ta]][[masara]] *[[dawa]] *[[shinkafa]] *[[maiwa]] da sauran su. Na sayarwa *[[File:2059513 data foodanddrink efd LGMA 0152.jpg|thumb|dankalin turawa]][[dankali]] *[[wake]] *[[gyada]] *[[auduga]] *[[ridi]] da sauran su. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Fasaha]] 7itatzkpl0cwvut2g2l4a0739dk5ijq 0 5833 905395 450397 2026-08-21T05:41:43Z Hamza DK 12444 905395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar== ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 66wne4yy96hx5tdal0nk8z642mem9kc 905396 905395 2026-08-21T05:42:38Z Hamza DK 12444 905396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ifid4xrq3tfsiokvxpig7c3jpq23nor 905397 905396 2026-08-21T05:43:14Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] p475so51buuw2ki7ogqfxilfa3aon03 905398 905397 2026-08-21T05:43:51Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha, ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] b7bpz964ip58o22h9tpxamzcelkfjih 905401 905398 2026-08-21T05:46:06Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, {| asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory, ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 1kci62i5v8d2is8yf8xkfuqpxomwy60 905404 905401 2026-08-21T05:47:21Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, {| asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna, ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] hk6nklig74sgx9suxe9y24u745ejotj 905405 905404 2026-08-21T05:47:49Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, {| asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 0zm32e3qdfs6ysal519ypshc8s91oj0 905406 905405 2026-08-21T05:48:17Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, {| asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] eng78hjmomz616gquqdyoer8z7kvowc 905407 905406 2026-08-21T05:50:23Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 8jrdjbzsmms6qwkjq2eqo7xtasnxd96 905415 905407 2026-08-21T06:01:18Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] kah6hjrxtzh8aisw0y8pfyr637ksdcv 905417 905415 2026-08-21T06:02:18Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo Ile-Ife ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 4jwyhtqbdork066couidnbs0ql837z2 905422 905417 2026-08-21T06:05:12Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] Ile-Ife ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] moi37rppfuv2hyfr1885hd3zo0uu051 905423 905422 2026-08-21T06:06:29Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] Ile-If<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun_Arinze#cite_note-4<ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] d3s0f8w1oxzsjjv9rjn33n5u9cgq81m 905424 905423 2026-08-21T06:07:37Z Hamza DK 12444 905424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] Ile-If <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun_Arinze#cite_note-4<ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] m4wa9j81dv6f566d111d4rl45o4iazk 905425 905424 2026-08-21T06:08:43Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] Ile-Ife . ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 04i6pi1ix02335dajkrwdph6n7oqkm0 905426 905425 2026-08-21T06:09:34Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi */ 905426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Segun Padonou Aina''' ko '''Segun Arinze''' mawakin Nijeriya ne. {{Stub}} ==Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi== An haifi Arinze a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 1965 a Onitsha,Jihar Anambra, Kodayake asalinsa ɗan Badagry ne, Jihar Legas. Ya halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Victory,Ilorin, da Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Taba, Kaduna,kafin ya sami digiri a fannin Fasahar Dramatic Arts daga [[Jami'ar Obafemi Awolowo]] Ile-Ife .<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segun_Arinze#cite_note-4</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Arinze, Segun}} [[Category:Mawaƙan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] hjdl4nbvhf1zqm3g5wtyswmorlyedvd 0 5881 905070 840484 2026-08-20T14:06:28Z Drseeyah muhammad 45910 Kashen 905070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|14}} [[File:HMSPinafore.png|thumb|upright|turawan Finafo]] [[Fayil:Webster Orthography 1828 (4-14).jpg|thumb|rubutattace]] [[Fayil:William Shakespeare - Sonnet XXX - Rapenburg 30, Leiden (cropped).JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:History of English.png|thumb|Tarihin turanci]] <ref>https://englishproficiency.com/blog/english-language-statistics-a-comprehensive-list</ref><ref>https://pushtolearn.com/post/english-speaking-countries</ref>'''Turanci:''' [[Harshe]] ne kuma yana daga cikin harsunan da ake amfani da su a nahiyar [[turai]] da ƙasashen dake yammacin [[duniya]], wato nahiyar [[Amurika|Amurka]] ta Arewa, shi ne yare na biyu mafi yawan ma su magana a faɗin duniya.<ref>Crystal, D. (2003). ''English as a Global Language'' (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>https://www.ethnologue.com</ref><ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/266808/the-most-spoken-languages-worldwide/</ref><ref>https://www.berlitz.com/blog/most-spoken-languages-world</ref> Turanci na ɗaya daga cikin yaren da ya kewaye duniya saboda kusan duk inda kaje a duniya kusan sai ka samu masu jin Turanci, a Turance ana kiran shi da (global language).<ref>Jenkins, J. (2020). ''World Englishes''. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics. <nowiki>https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-25</nowiki></ref><ref>[https://www.thoughtco.com/english-as-a-global-language-1692635. https://www.thoughtco.com/english-as-a-global-language-1692635.]{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.ucl.ac.uk/culture-online/case-studies/2022/mar/english-often-considered-de-facto-global-language</ref><ref>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/12/30/how-much-does-our-language-shape-our-thinking</ref><ref>https://englishlive.ef.com/en/blog/english-in-the-real-world/english-became-global-language/</ref> Turanci shi ne harshen majalisar ɗinkin duniya (MDIngiladkuma wasu ƙasashen da Ƙasar Ingila ta yi wa mulkin mallaka, misali: [[Najeriya]] da [[Ghana|Gana]] da [[Indiya]] da sauran ƙasashen rainon [[Ingila]].<ref>https://www.un.org/en/our-work/official-languages</ref><ref>https://www.ungeneva.org/en/about/director-general/multilingualism/english-language-day</ref> [[File:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|nojo|left]] [[File:English wikipedia map.png|thumb|upright=2|center|Kasashen da ake amfani da Turanci]] ==Manazarta:== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Turanci}} [[Category:Harsunan Indo-European]] [[Category:Turawa]] {{stub}} sbamqoetotqhg7bxx0a0vqt57f604ts 0 6165 905572 849457 2026-08-21T11:13:54Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905572 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Orlu town, Imo State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|garin imo]] [[Fayil:Imo State Government.jpg|thumb|tambarin gwamnatin imo]] [[File:Faculty of Law, Imo State University Owerri.jpg|thumb|sashin shari'a na jami'ar imo]] [[File:Imo State University Owerri Front gate.jpg|thumb|gate din jami'ar imo]] '''Jihar Imo''' : (Inyamurai: ra Imo), [[Jihar Rivers|jiha]] ce dake [[Kudu]] maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Ta hada iyaka daga gabas da Jihar [[Anambra]], Jihar Rivers daga yamma da [[kudu]], da kuma Jihar [[Abiya|Abia]] daga gabas. [[Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya|Jihar]] ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga [[Imo River|Kogin Imo]] wanda ke kwarara ta iyaka da gabascin Jihar. Babban birnin jihar shi ne [[Owerri]], kuma ana yi wa jihar lakabi da ''"Eastern Heartland"'' wato Cibiyar kasashen<ref>Climate and Weather - climate info and current weather in Nigeria". www.wordtravels.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2018.</ref> Gabas. Acikin jihohi talatin da shida 36, na Najeriya, Jihar Imo ita ce jiha ta uku mafi kankanta a Najeriya, kuma ita ce jiha ta sha hudu 14, [[Jerin yawan habakar mutane a jahohin Najeriya|a yawan jama'a]] da mutum akalla miliyan biyar da dugo hudu 5.4, dangane da kiyasin shekara ta dubu daya da sha shida 2016. Ta fuskar yanayin kasa kuwa, Jihar ta kasu kashi biyu dazukan Niger Delta swamp daga can kuryar gabashin jihar, sai kuma busassun dazukan Cross–Niger a sauran sassan jihar. Sauran muhimman Wurare sun hada da doramu da koguna kamar su [[Kogin Awbana]], [[Kogin Imo]], [[Orashi River|Orashi]], da kuma [[Otamiri River|Otamir]] tare da [[Tafkin Oguta]] a yammacin Jihar Imo.<ref>"What are the two lakes in Imo State?". ''big board scouting''. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.</ref> Jihar Imo ta yau na dauke da kabilu da dama, musamman [[Inyamurai]] tare da harshen Igbonci da kuma turanci a matsayin yarukan farko a jihar. Kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka, yankin Jihar Imo ta yau na daga cikin yankin [[Kingdom of Nri|Masarautar Nri]], sannan daga baya kuma [[Aro Confederacy]] kafin daga bisani Turawa su yake Jama'a Aro a wani ya da ake kira [[Yakin Anglo-Aro]]. Bayan yakin, turawa sun hade yankin acikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya wacce daga baya ta zamo Najeriya ta Burtaniya a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sha hudu 1914; bayan an hade yankin kuma, Jihar Imo ta zamo cibiyar adawa da mulkin turawa a [[Women's War|Yakin Mata]].<ref>"Regions Used to Interpret the Complexity of Nigeria". Geographical Alliance of Iowa. University of Northern Iowa. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2007.</ref> Bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, yankin Jihar Imo ta yau<ref>"Regions Used to Interpret the Complexity of Nigeria". Geographical Alliance of Iowa. University of Northern Iowa. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2007</ref> na daga cikin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] har zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da bakwai 1967, lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma ta fada Karkashin [[Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya]]. Kasa da watan in biyu bayan hakan, tsohuwar Yankin Gabashin Najeriya ta janyo yakin basasa wanda aka kwashe tsawon shekaru uku ana gwabzawa tsakanin Gwamnatin Najeriya da kuma yankin [[Biyafara]]. An yi musayar wuta sosai a yankin musamman a Owerri har zuwa lokacin da aka ba Owerri babban birnin Biyafara a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da sittin da tara 1969. Sojojin Najeriya sun kame yankin Imo ta yau a shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in 1970, a yayin da aka gudanar da wani farmaki mai suna [[Operation Tail-Wind]] aka mamaye yankin kuma aka kawo ka Karshen yakin. Bayan yaki ya Kare, kuma an sake hade yankin acikin Najeriya, Imo ta koma karkashin Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, har zuwa shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976, lokacin da aka ba ta jiha a lokacin mulkin [[Murtala Mohammed]].<ref>"History of Imo State | Culture | Economy | People | Naijabiography". ''Naijabiography Media''. Retrieved 3 September2022.</ref> Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan hakan, an raba Jihar Imo inda gabashinta ta zamo [[Abiya|Jihar Abiya]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>"Abia | state, Nigeria | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref><ref>Damilola, Banjo (25 January 2020). "SPECIAL REPORT: Residents of Imo community suffer as NDDC abandons education, electricity, water projects". Premium Times. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</ref> Tattalin arzikin jihar kuwa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, musamman noman [[manja|kwakwan manja]] wanda mutan<ref>"About Imo State". Imo State, Nigeria: Imo State Government. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010.</ref> da dama sun dogara dashi a wajen girki. Muhimman masana'antu sun hada da sarrafa man fetur da kuma gas, musamman a yankunan arewaci da kuma yammacin Jihar Imo. Jihar ta yi fama da rikice-rikice iri-iri a lokuta daban daban na tarihin jihar, daga cikin wadanda suka yi fice sun hada rikicin magance sihirce-sihirce wato [[Rikicin Otokoto na 1996]], da kuma rikicin da ake yi a yanzu haka na [[Eastern Security Network]] da dai sauransu. Duk da rikicin da ke faruwa a yankin, Jihar na fuskantar cigaba ta fuskar yawan jama'a da kuma masana'antu, Imo itace ta shida [[Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Cigaban Jama'a|Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Cigaban dan Adam.]]<ref>Onyenweaku, C. E.; Nwachukwu, Ifeanyi N.; Opara, T. C. (2 September 2010). "Productivity Growth in Food Crop Production in Imo State, Nigeria". mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref><ref>"Niger Delta Region Land and People" (PDF). www.nddc.gov.ng. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref><ref>Vanguard, Nigeria (14 March 2014). "Imo Govt discovers more crude oil". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</ref> Tana da yawan filin kasa kimanin kilomita arabba’i 5,530, da yawan jama’a miliyan uku da dubu dari tara da talatin da hudu da dari takwas da tisa'in da tara (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara dubu biyu da shida 2006). Babban birnin Jihar itace [[Owerri]]. Kuma [[Rochas Okorocha]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta dubu biyu da sha biyar 2015, har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Prince Eze Madumere]]. Dattawan jihar sun hada da: [[Samuel Anyanwu]], [[Hope Uzodinma]] da [[Benjamin Uwajumogu]].<ref>"Industries in Imo State". Imo State, Nigeria: Imo State Government. Archived from the original on 14 March 2010. Retrieved 27 July 2010</ref> [[File:Orlu town, Imo State, Nigeria.jpg|thumb|cikin birnin imo]] [[File:Women Group Dance for a Funeral Anniversary, Marking the end of a One Year Mourning Period - Igbo Tribe - Imo State - Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Shagulgulan imo]] == Wuri. == Jihar Imo ta hada iyaka da Jihar Abiya daga gabas, Rive Niger da Jihar Delta daga yamma, Jihar Anambra daga arewa sai kuma Jihar Rivers daga kudu. Jihar tana da lambobin wuri kamar haka; lattitude 4°45'N da 7°15'N, sai kuma longitude 6°50'E da 7°25'E, tare da kasa mai girman 5,100, sq km.<ref>Vanguard, Nigeria (2 June 2015). "Exploring the resource control option – Imo State, by Futureview CEO, Elizabeth Ebi". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref><ref>"Imo | state, Nigeria". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 September 2021</ref><ref>Cite error: The named reference Uche chidozie was invoked but never defined (see the help page).</ref> == Albarkatun kasa. == Jihar tana da albarkatun kasa kamar man fetur, gas, <ref>Tijesuni (23 November 2022). "Communities shut down oil companies in Imo, demands compensation". Nigerian Tribune. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</ref>lead, calcium carbonate, wuta mai amfani da hasken rana da mai amfani da iska, da kuma zinc. Muhimman tsirrai su hada da icen iroko, mahogany, obeche, bamboo, bishiyar roba da kuma icen kwakan manja. Bugu da kari akwai tabo, yashi da kuma farar kasa a jihar Imo<ref>Onykwelu, Stephen (12 February 2020). "Imo financial advisory committee writes Uzodinma, claims nine banks owe state N112.8bn". BusinessDay. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</ref><ref>Vanguard, Nigeria (14 March 2014). "Imo Govt discovers more crude oil". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref><ref>Adedeji, Tunji (11 August 2022). "Imo community protests abandonment, demands 50% of N70bn oil tax money paid by oil companies". Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 11 July 2023.</ref> == Harkokin man fetur da gas. == Akwai rijiyoyin man fetur guda dari da sittin da uku 163, a yankuna daban daban guda sha biyu 12, a jihar.<ref>"Nigerian Breweries invests N3bn in Awo-Omamma, N18bn in Aba Breweries". beverageindustrynews.com.ng. 8 December 2015. Archived from the original on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2016.</ref><ref>Amangabara, G. T.; Njoku, J. D.; Iwuji, M. C. (24 January 2018). "People's Perception of Soil Erosion and Its Impact in Imo State, Nigeria". SSRN 3108294.</ref><ref>"Imo requires N75bn to tackle 360 erosion sites — Uzodinma". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022</ref> ==Kananan Hukumomi.== Jihar Imo nada adadin [[Kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]] guda ashirin da bakwai (27). Sune: *[[Aboh Mbaise]]. *[[Ahiazu Mbaise]]. *[[Ehime Mbano]]. *[[Ezinihitte Mbaise]]. *[[Ideato ta Arewa]]. *[[Ideato ta Kudu]]. *[[Ihitte/Uboma]]. *[[Ikeduru]]. *[[Isiala Mbano]]. *[[Isu, Nigeria|Isu]]. *[[Mbaitoli]]. *[[Ngor Okpala]]. *[[Njaba]]. *[[Nkwerre]]. *[[Nwangele]]. *[[Obowo]]. *[[Oguta]]. *[[Ohaji/Egbema]]. *[[Okigwe]]. *[[Onuimo]]. *[[Orlu, Nigeria|Orlu]]. *[[Orsu]]. *[[Oru ta Gabas]]. *[[Oru ta Yamma]]. *[[Owerri Municipal]]. *[[Owerri ta Arewa]]. *[[Owerri ta Yamma]]. ==Manazarta.== {{Reflist}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Imo}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] c5b7np02k2k1qovh21vfw9fbb2uir2x 4 6192 905276 882274 2026-08-20T20:24:05Z Mamu Fatima 48087 /* */ Chanza Raina zuwa ruhina Wanda shine asalin ma'anar soul 905276 wikitext text/x-wiki Ga bayanin mawaki Isan Wanka Mahuta da ke Mahuta:Isan Wanka Mahuta fitaccen mawakin Hausa ne da ya shahara da wakokin gargajiya da na soyayya a yankin.Wakar da ya fitar ita ce wakar soyayya mai suna “Madubin Ruhina” wadda ke fassara zuwa “Mirror of My Soul”. An saki waƙar a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2026, kuma an sadaukar da ita don nishadantar da masoya da masoya a fadin yankin. 5daxbvqggqnv2fbwoligb1wse7vpu7n 0 6203 905584 871815 2026-08-21T11:29:14Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:A house in Adamawa State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Gida A jihar Adamawa Nigeria.jpg]] [[Fayil:Nigerian number plate Adamawa.jpg|thumb|Nigerian number plate na jihar Adamawa]] [[Fayil:Seal of Adamawa State.png|thumb]] Jahar Adamawa: ([[Fulani]]: Leydi Adamawa) jiha ce dake a shiyyar Arewa Maso Gabascin [[Najeriya]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe ta yi iyaka da Borno daga Arewa maso yamma, da Gombe zuwa yamma]].<ref>https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.population.gov.ng/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-21 |archive-date=2025-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517030017/http://population.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Adamawa</ref><ref>United Nations Development Programme. (2019). ''Adamawa State Socioeconomic Profile''. New York, NY: UNDP. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.undp.org/nigeria</nowiki></ref> A yayin da ta haɗa iyaka da ƙasar [[Kamaru]] daga Gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohon babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin jihar. Adamawa a yau Jahar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban-daban fiye da guda ɗari ([[100]]). An kafa jihar ne a shekarar ta 1991, a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola|jahar Gongola]] don samar da jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>https://nigerianstat.gov.ng/</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Adamawa</ref><ref>United Nations Development Programme. (2019). ''Adamawa State Socioeconomic and Ethnolinguistic Profile''. New York, NY: UNDP. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.undp.org/nigeria</nowiki></ref> [[File:Excusion Lac Tyson 368.JPG|thumb|Jihar Adamawa]] [[Fayil:Adamawa state contingent 2.jpg|thumb|Wasanni Adamawa]] A cikin jihohi guda 36, na [[Najeriya]], Jihar Adamawa ta fi kowacce girma ta fuskar faɗin ƙasa, amma ita ce ta 13, a jerin jihohi masu ƙarancin yawan [[jama'a]] tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25, dangane da ƙiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria</ref><ref>https://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/</ref> Dangane da yanayin ƙasa, Jihar ta ƙunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da Kogi zagaye da Tsaunuka. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa a yau ta kasance gida ga yaruka daban-daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga Arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]], da Shmba daga Arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riƙo ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farko karni na 1800, Mayaƙan Fulani na [[musulunci]] sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a ƙarƙashin Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90, bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar [[Jamus]] da [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaƙi, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) a cikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin haɗin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya na ɗaya. Bayan yaƙin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a ƙarƙashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa shekarar 1967, lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a shekarar 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3, ga watan Fabrairun 1976, tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15, bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. [[Fayil:Cross Section of the Highway in Adamawa State Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Hanya a jihar Adamawa]] A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara a kan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne a kan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyada]], [[dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga ci gaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana ta goma a fuskar ci gaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin ci gaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Adamawa-state-Nigeria</ref> == Labarin kasa. == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. Jihar ta haɗa iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta haɗa iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Disamba zuwa watan Fabrairu na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin ƙasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa.<ref>https://www.nasrda.gov.ng/</ref><ref>https://ngsa.gov.ng/</ref><ref>https://www.afdb.org</ref><ref>https://www.nihsa.gov.ng/</ref> == Tattalin arziki. == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun haɗa da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyada|gyada]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum su ne [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen ƙauyuka da ke zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. [[Fayil:Nigerian number plate Adamawa.jpg|thumb|Lambar Adamawa]] Habaka da ci gaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) a kan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya na Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai. == Musulmai sun yi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci ta Sokoto a karni na shekara ta 1800. Har ya zuwa yau, akwai Sarki da ke jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yaki yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a shekarar 1914, lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan da ke yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari Kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun shekarar 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin Kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a shekara ta 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi. == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a shekarar 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a shekara ta 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a shekarar 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841, ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a shekara ta 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun ci gaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan janairun shekarar 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa. === Sarakunan Adamawa sun haɗa da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]],shekara ta 1809 zuwa shekarar 1848. * Lawalu ben Adama, a shekara ta 1848 zuwa shekarar 1872 (dan dan magabacin sarki). * Sanda ben Adama, a shekara ta 1872 zuwa shekarar 1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki). * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], a shekara ta 1890 zuwa shekarar 1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki). * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama,a shekara ta 1901 zuwa shekarar 1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki). * Iya ben Sanda, a shekara ta 1909 zuwa shekarar 1910 (dan dme a bin Adama). * Muhammadu Abba, a shekara ta 1910 zuwa shekara ta 1924 (dan dan Ahmadu bin Adama). * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu,a shekara ta 1924 zuwa shekarar 1928. * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, a shekara ta 1928 zuwa shekarar 1946 (dan dan Muhammadu Abba). * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, a shekarar 1946 zuwa shekara ta 1953. * Aliyu Mustafa, a shekara ta 1953 zuwa shekarar 2010. * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], a shekara ta 2011–har zuwa yau. === Rikicin Boko Haram. === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira a kalla mutum 35,000, wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira a kalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30, a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016, ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017, da kuma shekarar 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fayil:Adamawa state contingent 2.jpg|thumb|Wasanni a Adamawa]] A ranakun 21, zuwa 22, ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi. == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude IdanuIdanu. == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]]. * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili. * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya. * Fadar Lamido. * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola. * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]]. * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song. * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika. * Homtel Derivative and Suites. * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi). == Kananan Hukumomi. == Jhar Adamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Shuwaganin Gananon Hukumomin jihar Adamawa. == Wannan shine jerin sunayen shuwagani na Gananon Hukumomin Jihar Adamawa wanda suke a kan kujerun su a Wannan Shekarar ta dubu biyu da ishirin da hudu (a shekara ta 2024). * Hon. Elkana Kados Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Demsa. * Hon. William p burto Shugaban Garamar Hukumar lamurde. * Hon. Jingi Rufai kwaja Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mubi ta Kudu. * * Hon. Musa Jauru Umaru Shugaban Garamar Hukumar fufore. * Hon. Kefas Calvin Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Toungo. * Hon. Habila M. Istifanus Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Ganye. * Hon. Abdu Gidado Shugaban Garamar Hukumar song. * Hon. Dimas shekele Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Gombi. * Hon. Salihu Usman Malkoshi Shugaban Garamar Garamar Hukumar Yola ta kudu. * Hon. Abdul Rahman A. Bakalla Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Jada. * Hon. Ibrahim Baffa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Yola ta Arewa. * Hon. Suleiman Yahaya Sudi Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mubi ta arewa. * Hon. Kassa Dampi Shallom Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Guyuk. * Hon. Aiden stukam pallam Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Mada-galli. * Hon. Gershon kasuwa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar mayo Belwa. * Hon. Innocent koto Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Numan. * Hon. Michael Shehu Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Michika. * Hon. Danjuma kedi Abdullahi Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Shelleng. * Hon. Judah Amisa Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Girie. * Hon. Idi Ali Aminu Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Maiha. * Hon. James pukuma Shugaban Garamar Hukumar Hong. == Comishinonin da wasu shuwagabanni. == wannan shine jerin sunaye da kuma ma'aikatun wadan da mai girma Gwamnan jihar Adamawa ya zaba a shekarar dubu biyu da ishirin da hudu (2024). # Prof. Katalepwa G Farauta (Vice president in Council). # # Hon. Barr. Auwal D Tukur (Council secretary). # Dr. Edgar Amos (chief of staff). # Isah Shehu Ardo (Head of service). # # Hon. Barr. A.k. Jingi ( Attorney General & com. For Justice). # Hon. Felix B Tangwami (Hon. Com. For Health and Services). # Hon. Jacob Sahma (Hon. Com. For land and Survey). # Hon. Tijjani Maksha (Hon. Com. For Livestock and aquaculture development). # Hon. Augustina wandhamiya (Hon. Com. For Finance). # Hon. David Finciwa Jatau (Hon. Com. For Agriculture). # Hon. Abdullahi Prambe (Hon. Com. For Housing and Urban development). # Hon. Adamu Atiku Abubakar (Hon. Com. For Works and Energy Development). # # Hon. Emmanuel Anthony piridimso (Hon. Com. For Budget and Economic planing). # Hon. Neido Geoffrey kufoltu (Hon. Com. For Information and strategy). # Hon. Sadiq Mohammed (Hon. Com. Ministry of environment and natural development). # Hon. Wali Yakubu (Hon. Com. For Youth and Sports development). # Hon. Yayaji Ibrahim Mijin Yawa (Hon. Com. For local government affairs). # Hon. Wunfe G. Anthony (Hon. Com. For Women affairs and Social Development). # Hon. Isah Yahaya Dabari (Hon. Com. For Commerce and Industry). # Hon. James Iliya (Hon. Com. For intreprenueship development). # Hon. Titus Solomon (Hon. Com. For Rural Infrastructure and communication development). # Hon. Audu Ayuba Tanko (Hon. Com. For Water Resources). # Hon. Usman Abdullahi (Hon. Com. Special Duty). # Hon. Aloysius baba doke (Hon. Com. For Culture and Tourism). # Mary B faninga (Executive chairman Adamawa State Planing commission). # Hon. Dr. Umar Garba Pella (Hon. Com. For Education and Human capital development). # Hon. Haruna Ibrahim (Hon. Com. For Natural Resources). # Hon. Barr. Bello Hamman Diram (Hon. Com. For Reconstruction Rehabilitation Reintegration and Human services )<ref><nowiki>https://adspc.ad.gov.ng/executive-council/</nowiki></ref> # # # # Hon. == Harsuna. == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati. == [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Gwamanan Jihar Adamawa]] ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Adamawa|Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Adamawa]], dake [[Yola|Birnin Yola]]. == Kiwon Lafiya. == Jihar [[Adamawa]] nada cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama, wasu daga ciki sune:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hfr.health.gov.ng/facilities/hospitals-list?page=95 |access-date=2023-01-03 |archive-date=2022-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621101216/https://hfr.health.gov.ng/facilities/hospitals-list?page=95 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gweda Malam primary health care center. * Basha health clinic. * Dowaya health post. * General hospital numan<ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/10/08/cholera-outbreak-kills-20-in-adamawa/</ref> * Numan maternal and child primary health care. * Wayam primary health clinic. * Wisdon primary health clinic. * Salti primary health clinic. * Bakta primary health care center. ==Sanannun Mutane a Adamawa.==<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->* [[Atiku Abubakar]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Rahaman|date=2020-03-02|title=He remains a man of estimable character and virtue - Atiku hails Adeboye at 78|url=https://www.legit.ng/1307461-pastor-enoch-adeboye-78-atiku-abubakar-congratulates-rccg-go.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Iya Abubakar]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2019-10-08|title=Meet Nigerian mathematical genius, Iya Abubakar, who became a professor at 28|url=https://www.legit.ng/1264239-prof-iya-abubakar-mathematical-genius-2nd-indigenous-vc-abu.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jibril Aminu]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Idachaba|first=Eleojo|date=2020-05-01|title=Jubril Aminu, Oladipo Diya: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/jubril-aminu-oladipo-diya-where-are-they-now/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Badeh]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-19|title=Alex Badeh 1957 to 2018|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/alexander-badeh-1957-to-2018/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mohammed Adamu Bello|Mohammed Bello]] * [[Aisha Buhari]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aisha Buhari personal life story as she turn golden age today|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-56094523|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref> * [[Done P. Dabale]] * Sen. [[Aisha Dahiru Ahmad|Aisha Dahiru Binan]]<nowiki/>i<ref>https://punchng.com/just-in-appeal-court-affirms-fintiri-as-adamawa-gov-dismisses-binanis-appeal/</ref> * [[Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-01|title=Fintiri To Govern Adamawa With Few Political Appointees|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/04/01/fintiri-govern-adamawa-few-political-appointees|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> * [[Binta Masi Garba]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newly Elected Senators [FULL LIST]|url=https://independent.ng/newly-elected-senators-full-list/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|date=March 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Boni Haruna]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=Assembly moves to make Adamawa pay for WASSCE, NECO registration|url=https://punchng.com/assembly-moves-to-make-adamawa-pay-for-wassce-neco-registration/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> * Aliyu Saidu Jauro * [[Bindo Jibrilla]] * [[Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-22|title=Buhari Mourns Former IG, Gambo Jimeta|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/22/buhari-mourns-former-ig-gambo-jimeta/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Aliyu Kama]] * [[Babachir David Lawal]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-28|title=Outrage grows across Nigeria as Buhari's lopsided appointments continue|work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/189117-outrage-grows-across-nigeria-as-buharis-lopsided-appointments-continue.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Tahir Mamman]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-10|title=2023: APC Super Active, Will Send Out PDP From Adamawa - Prof Mamman|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-apc-super-active-will-send-out-pdp-from-adamawa-prof-mamman/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303054353/https://leadership.ng/2023-apc-super-active-will-send-out-pdp-from-adamawa-prof-mamman/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-25|title=Meet members of the APC National Caretaker Committee|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/399621-meet-members-of-the-apc-national-caretaker-committee.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Mohammed Buba Marwa|Buba Marwa]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ukwu|first=Jerrywright|date=2021-01-16|title=Breaking: President Buhari appoints Buba Marwa as CEO of NDLEA|url=https://www.legit.ng/1398326-breaking-president-buhari-appoints-buba-marwa-dg-ndlea.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=NDLEA: Marwa resumes as chairman, silent on 5,000 shortlisted job seekers|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/437217-ndlea-marwa-resumes-as-chairman-silent-on-5000-shortlisted-job-seekers.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-24|title=Lagos Ex-MILAD, Buba Marwa Back to Relevance|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/24/lagos-ex-milad-buba-marwa-back-to-relevance/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Abubakar Saleh Michika]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-11|title=UPDATED: Ex-Adamawa Governor Abubakar Michika is dead|work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/261392-just-ex-adamawa-governor-abubakar-michika-dead.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-03|title=Adamawa's past men of power|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/adamawas-past-men-of-power/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Boss Mustapha]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmIuAQAAIAAJ&q=Boss+Mustapha+Adamawa+-wikipedia|title=Newswatch|date=2005|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|language=en}}</ref> * [[Murtala Nyako]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-15|title=Governor Murtala Nyako Of Adamawa State Impeached|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/07/15/governor-murtala-nyako-adamawa-state-impeached|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> * [[Bamanga Tukur]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-15|title=Mahmud Tukur: Homage To A Distinguished Accomplisher, By Muhammad Musa-Gombe|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/455166-mahmud-tukur-homage-to-a-distinguished-accomplisher-by-muhammad-musa-gombe.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Tukur lauds Fintiri's performance in office|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/tukur-lauds-fintiris-performance-in-office/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mahmud Tukur]] * [[Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo]] * [[Nuhu Ribadu]] * Dr Bala Takaya * [[Ibrahim Lamorde]] * [[Ahmed Joda]] * Abubakar Isa (Buba Shafani) <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma. == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya kare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru. * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya. * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama. * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa. == Wasu. == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} hp2akn8yauwk2g4k41437egbiv6ss0f 0 6232 905566 875609 2026-08-21T11:00:13Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Warri:''' Wani birni ne, da ke a jihar [[Delta (jiha)|Delta]], a cikin [[Najeriya]]. Shi ne babban birnin jihar Delta. Bisa ga kimanta a shekarar ta 2017, Jahar tanada jimilar mutane gudas dubu dari shida da sittin da uku. Birnin Warri cibiya ne na man-fetur da ke kudu-maso-kudancin kasannan, kuma gidan gwamnati na Jihar Delta na cikinta. [[Itacipoma|Itace]] matsayin yankin gundumar Turawan Mulkin mallaka na lokacin.<ref>"Warri, Nigeria – International Cities of Peace". Retrieved 25 June 2021.</ref> Warri ta hada yanki da Sapele, duk da cewa a yanzu an hade yankunan Sapele kamar su Okere, Agbassa, [[Uvwie]], [[Okpe]], da kuma [[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] a matsayin yankin babban Birnin Warri.<ref>"GPS coordinates of Warri, Nigeria, DMS, UTM, GeoHash - CountryCoordinate.com". ''www.countrycoordinate.com''. Retrieved 25 June 2021.</ref> Akwai gidajen Osubi da filin jirgin sama guda daya a garin. Kalmar "Gundumar Warri" a da tana nufin wani yanki na jihar Delta, wanda ke karkashin mulkin turawa na yankin Kudancin Najeriya.<ref>Okoh, Oghenetoja (July 2016). "WHO CONTROLS WARRI? HOW ETHNICITY BECAME VOLATILE IN THE WESTERN NIGER DELTA (1928–52)*". ''The Journal of African History''. '''57''' (2): 209–230. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1017/S0021853716000074. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0021-8537. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 163543228.</ref> Ta hada yanki da Sapele daga Arewa-maso-Gabas, da kuma Rafin Forcados daga Kudu-maso-Gabas, sai kuma Jameson Creek daga kudu-maso-yamma wanda daga baya ta koma karkashin gundumar Delta. [[Effurun]] itace matsayin cibiyar tattalin arzikin birnin.<ref>"Exposure assessment of chicken meat to heavy metals and bacterial contaminations in Warri metropolis, Nigeria". ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</ref> Birnin Warri tana daya daga cikin maya-manyan cibiyoyi sarrafa da kuma kasuwancin man-fetur dake kudancin Najeriya. Itace babban birnin kuma cibiyar kasuwanci na jihar Delta, da yawan mutane akalla mutum 311,970 dangane da kidayar shekara ta 2006.<ref>"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2013.</ref> Asalin mazauna birnin sun kasance mutanen harsunan [[Urhobo people|Urhobo]], [[Ijaw people|Ijaw]] da [[Itsekiri people|Itsekiri]]. Sannan mafi aksarin mazauna garin kiristoci ne, duk da dai har yanzu akwai kadan dake bin akidar bautan gargajiya na kudancin Najeriya. Birnin tayi fice a harshen Turancin Pijin (Pidjin English). =Labarin warri== Warri a da ta kasance babban birnin gundumar mulkin Turawa. Daga bisani an hade Lagos da Yankin Kudancin Najeriya a matsayin yankunan mulkin mallakan Turawa a ranar 28 ga watan February 1906, kuma an daura Walter Egerton a matsayin gwamnan yankin wanda ya rike mukamin har zuwa 1912. Birnin Warri na nan a gaban kogin Warri wacce ta hade kogin Forcados da na Escravos ta Jones Creek a can yankin Delta. Tarihin garin ya fara ne a karni na 15 lokacin da malaman kiristoci daga Portugal suka kawo masu ziyara. Daga baya kuma ta zamo cibiyar cinikayyar bayi tsankanin Portugal da Germany. Warri ta zamo birni mai daraja a karni na 19 musamman ta dalilin tashan jirgin ruwa da ake sufurin man-ja zuwa kasashen ketare. Sannan Warri ta zamo cibiyar gundumomi na Turawa a karni na 20. Ta samu cigaba sosai, ta tashi daga kauye ta zamo birni.<ref>Ekeh, Peter Palmer (2005). ''Warri City and British Colonial Rule in Western Niger Delta''. Urhobo Historical Society. p. 31. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-064-924-7|<bdi>978-064-924-7</bdi>]].</ref> == Jama'a == Mafi akasarin mutanen warri sun kasance daga harsunan Urhobo, Itsekiri da kuma Ijaw.<ref>"Niger Delta moving from agitation to rebellion?". ''The New Humanitarian'' (in French). 8 July 2003. Retrieved 25 June 2021.</ref> Amma saboda bunkasa da cigaban garin, akwai mutane dayawa daga sassa daban daban na kasar. == Yanayi == Birnin na fuskantar matsakaicin ruwan sama da kuma matsakaicin danshi. Yanayin garin ya fada a ''monsoon'' wanda ya rabu zuwa yanayi biyu; lokacin damuna da lokacin rani. Rani yakan fara a tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa April kuma ya kunshi yanayin sanyin ''harmattan'' mai zuwa da kura da hazo. Lokacin damunan yana farawa ne daga watan Mayu zuwa October da rashin ruwa na dan lokaci acikin watan Augusta. Yanayin garin na da halayyar ''tropical monsoon climate'' da matsakaicin zafi na shekara-shekara a 32.8 °C (91.0 °F). Ruwan sama a shekara yakan kai 2,770 mm (109 in). Yanayi na zafi yakan kai 28 °C (82 °F) and 32 °C (90 °F). Kasan garin na dauke da isassun ciyayi, sannan akwai itacen timber, Palm da sauran itacen marmari. {{Weather box |location = Warri |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan high C = 31.5 |Feb high C = 32.2 |Mar high C = 32.4 |Apr high C = 32.2 |May high C = 31.5 |Jun high C = 30.0 |Jul high C = 28.4 |Aug high C = 28.4 |Sep high C = 28.8 |Oct high C = 30.0 |Nov high C = 31.4 |Dec high C = 31.5 |year high C = 30.7 |Jan mean C = 26.8 |Feb mean C = 27.5 |Mar mean C = 27.9 |Apr mean C = 28.0 |May mean C = 27.3 |Jun mean C = 26.3 |Jul mean C = 25.2 |Aug mean C = 25.3 |Sep mean C = 25.5 |Oct mean C = 26.3 |Nov mean C = 27.1 |Dec mean C = 26.8 |year mean C = 26.7 |Jan low C = 22.1 |Feb low C = 22.9 |Mar low C = 23.5 |Apr low C = 23.8 |May low C = 23.1 |Jun low C = 22.6 |Jul low C = 21.0 |Aug low C = 22.3 |Sep low C = 22.3 |Oct low C = 22.6 |Nov low C = 22.9 |Dec low C = 22.2 |year low C = 22.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 30 |Feb precipitation mm = 58 |Mar precipitation mm = 127 |Apr precipitation mm = 201 |May precipitation mm = 270 |Jun precipitation mm = 367 |Jul precipitation mm = 474 |Aug precipitation mm = 324 |Sep precipitation mm = 457 |Oct precipitation mm = 325 |Nov precipitation mm = 104 |Dec precipitation mm = 31 |year precipitation mm = 2768 |source 1 = Climate-Data.Org<ref name = Climate-Data.Org> {{cite web | url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/513/ | title = Climate: Warri | publisher = [[Climate-Data.org]] | access-date = 29 October 2016}}</ref> }} == Arziki da gine-gine == Akwai Warri Refinery da kuma Petrochemicals a Ekpa, da sauran kamfanonin mai na gida da na kasashen waje a sassa daban daban da ke kusa. Tana daya daga cikin manya manyan tashoshi jiragen ruwa na Najeriya wanda ke nan a Ugbuwangue, Warri. Saboda rikicin da ke faruwa a yankin, musamman na 1999, mafi yawanci kamfanonin sun ruga zuwa babban birnin da kuma sassan gefe-gefe. === Tsaro === Akwai barikin sojoji a garin Amphibious Infantry battalion (Effurun Army Base) wanda ke nan a Effurun. Sojin ruwan Najeriya suna gudanar da harkokinsu a yankin tashar. Sannan har wayau sojin saman Najeria na da bariki a garin (61 Nigerian Air force). === Wasanni === Warri na da filin wasannin kwallon kafa wanda ke da fadin dibar mutane 30,000. Wanda shine filin wasan kungiyar kwallon kafa na gida na [[Warri Wolves]].<ref>[[Warri Wolves F.C.|Warri Wolves F.C]]</ref><ref>[[Warri Township Stadium]]</ref> === Sarrafe-sarrafe === A cikin birin akwai manya manyan matatun man fetur, sannan akwai kamfanin sarrafe karafa watau ''Delta Steel Company'' wanda kenan a yankin Ovwian–Aladja dake karamar hukumar Udu<ref>"20 years after collapse, steel company resumes operations". Vanguard (Nigeria). 5 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.</ref>. Sanna akwai kamfanin sarrafa gilasai na Beta Glass daga wajen birnin Ughelli, wanda ke da tarin silica da silicates da ake amfani dasu wajen hada gilasai. Sannan har wayau akwai kamfanin rarraba wutar lantarki na Transcorp Power wanda kenan a Ughelli. == Sufuri == === Jirgin kasa === A farkon shekara ta 1991, an fara hada titin jirgin kasan daga kamfanonin sarrafa karafa na [[Ajaokuta]] zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa na Warri wanda ke da nisan kiloitoci 275. Zuwa shekara ta 2006, titin jirgin ya kai kilomita 329 amma har yanzu ba'a kammala sauran kilomita 27 da ya rage zuwa Warri ba. An cigaba da aikin titin a shekara ta 2010. Gwamnati tayi bikin bude titin a watan Satumba shekara ta 2020. === Tituna === Gwamnatin garin ta kara gyara manyan hanyoyin garin don kara wa garin kyawu. === Jirgin Sama === Akwai wuraren saukan helikoptoci a wasu manyan kamfanonin man fetur a garin === Jiragen Ruwa === Sufurin kayayyaki ta ruwa na gudana ne karkashin kulawar Nigerian Ports Authority (Delta Ports) wanda yawanci ya kunshi shigowa da kaya da fitasu daga wasun manyan kamfanoni. == Makarantu == === Jami'oi === Akwai manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare da dama da suka hada da; *College of Education at Edjeba, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|title=Contact Us – College of Education, Warri|url=https://coewarri.edu.ng/contact-us/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> *The Delta State Nursing School, Ogunu, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-26|title=Delta State Schools of Nursing Admission Form 2020/2021|url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/delta-state-schools-of-nursing-form/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.myschoolgist.com|language=en}}</ref> *Eagle Heights University, Omadino, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Oritsejafor Will Bankroll N2.5 billion Eagle Height University {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/how-oritsejafor-will-bankroll-n2-5-billion-eagle-height-university/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Nigeria Maritime University]] Okerenkoko, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-11|title=Homepage|url=https://www.nmu.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=NMU|language=en-US}}</ref> === Makarantun Sakandare === Makarantun Sakandare sun hada da: * Yonwuren Secondary School, Warri * College of Education Demonstration Secondary School, Warri * Twin Fountain Group of Schools * Cambridge International School * Delta Careers College * Federal Government College * [[Hussey College Warri|Hussey College, Warri]] * Nana College, Warri * Dom Domingos College, Warri * [[Delta Secondary School, Warri]] * [[Dore Numa College]], Warri * [[Essi College]], Warri * Uwangue College, Warri * Urhobo College, Effurun * Classical International Schools * Ugborikoko Secondary School * Army Day Secondary School, Effurun * College of Commerce Warri * DSC Technical High School, Ovwian-Aladja * Our Lady's High School, Effurun * Mega Stars Christian School, Udu * Eagles Height School, Ajamhimogha === Makarantun firamare=== Makarantun firamare sun hada da: * Ogiame Primary School, Warri * Ikengbuwa Primary School, Warri * [[Caveginia Primary School]], Warri * Twin Fountain Group of Schools * HillTop * International Unity School (IUS) * [[NNPC]] Staff Primary School * SNAPS * [[Alderstown School for the Deaf]] * Kids Compute Academy == Wuraren bude ido == Akwai wuraren bude ido da dama da mutum zai iya ziyarta a Warri. * Nana Living History Museum<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-07-09|title=100 years of Nanna of Itsekiri's 'Living History'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/07/100-years-nanna-itsekiris-living-history/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * Red Mangrove swamp * Falcorp Mangrove Park / Mini Zoo, Ijala, Behind Warri Refinery.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Opening hours: Falcorp Mangrove Park - Warri Zoo and Nature Park|url=https://opening-hours.com.ng/0645149/Falcorp_Mangrove_Park_-_Warri_Zoo_and_Nature_Park|access-date=2021-06-25|website=opening-hours.com.ng|language=en-NG}}</ref> * [[Warri Township Stadium]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warri Township Stadium - Football Stadium|url=https://www.football-lineups.com/stadium/4819/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Football-Lineups}}</ref> * Shell club, Ogunu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shell Ogunu Golf Club {{!}} All Square Golf|url=https://www.allsquaregolf.com/golf-courses/nigeria/shell-ogunu-golf-club|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.allsquaregolf.com|language=en}}</ref> ==Shahararrun mutanen== *[[Isaiah Oghenevwegba Ogedegbe|Isaiah Ogedegbe]], faston kuma marubuci<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/iginla-teemac-others-eulogise-tb-joshua-at-posthumous-birthday/|title=Iginla, TeeMac, others eulogise TB Joshua at posthumous birthday|publisher=The Nation Newspaper|access-date=2023-06-20|archive-date=2023-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613210715/https://thenationonlineng.net/iginla-teemac-others-eulogise-tb-joshua-at-posthumous-birthday/|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> *[[Paul Eyefian]] *[[Daniel Dikeji Miyerijesu]] shi ne ya kafa ma' aikatar Alheri ta Allah *[[Ifeanyi Palmer]] shi ne ya kafa Gospel Harvest Assembly (Word Arena) ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Warri}} [[Category:Biranen Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Kananan hukumomin jihar Delta]] qqhrx8h8cjabb66bfud9e79x8mn3y98 0 6233 905563 847570 2026-08-21T10:57:46Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:ABA_MAIN_PARK.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Aba Main Park]] [[Fayil:Aba Nigeria hotel.jpg|thumb|hotel din aba]] [[Fayil:Aba Leather Market.jpg|thumb|Kasuwar aba]] '''Aba''' Wani birni ne, da ke a jihar [[Abia]], kudu-maso-gabascin [[Najeriya]], kuma itace cibiyar kasuwanci ta jihar Abia. A yayinda aka samar da jihar Abia a shekara ta 1991, An raba Aba zuwa kananan hukumomi guda biyu; Aba ta kudu da kuma Aba ta yamma. Aba ta kudu itace mafi muhimmanci kuma itace cibiyar Jihar Abiya. Birnin tana nan a gabar kogin Aba. Aba tana da kauyuka kaman su Aba-Ukwu, Eziukwu-Aba, Obuda-Aba, Umuokpoji-Aba da makamantansu. Kabilar "Ngwa" na iyamuaran Najeriya suka samar da jihar Aba a matsayin kasuwa daga bisani kuma turawa suka gina barikin sojoji a birnin a shekara ta 1901.<ref>Munro, David, ed. (1995). "Aba". ''The Oxford Dictionary of the World''. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-19-866184-3|<bdi>0-19-866184-3</bdi>]].</ref> Tana daga yammacin yankin kogin Aba, kuma tana daura da titin zuwa jihar Portharcourt, [[Owerri]], [[Umuahia]], [[Ikot Ekpene]], da kuma [[Ikot-Abasi]].<ref name=":0">"Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Aba". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8|<bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi>]].</ref> Birnin Ta zamo wajen tattara kayan amfanin gona bayan turawa sun samar da titin jirgin kasa wanda ya ratse birnin zuwa birnin Portharcourt. Aba ta kasance birni kuma cibiyar kasuwanci a yanki mai zagaye da kananan kauyuka da birane. Asalin mutanen Aba sune kabilar [[Ngwa]]. Sannan Aba tayi fice ta fuskar kwararrun 'yan siyasa dake cikinta kuma itace birnin da tafi kowace birni tara yawan jama'a a yankin kudu maso gabashin. An ayyana cewa Aba tana da yawan mutane kumanin 2,534,265 a 2016.<ref>"Abia (state, Nigeria) - Population". Citypopulation.de. Retrieved 25 July 2016.</ref> == Tarihi == [[File:Aba Leather Market.jpg|200px|left|thumbnail|Wata kasuwa a Aba]] Aba birni ne dake kunshe da kauyuka da dama kamar su; Aba-Ukwu, Eziukwu-Aba, Obuda-Aba and Umuokpoji-Aba amma an hade ta da kauyen Ohazu don samun cigaban gudanarwa. Yankin Aba-Ukwu ba shakka itace yanki mafi muhimmanci a jihar Aba. Anayi wa marigayi Eze W.E Ukaegbu na Aba-Ukwu lakabi da "9th Grand Son of Aba" watau ''jikan Aba na tara''. Daga bisani ta zama yankin kulawar turawa mulkin mallaka. Aba ta zamo daya daga cikin muhimman cibiyoyin kasuwanci na kasa tun daga lokacin da ta zamo daya daga cikin yankin tsohuwar Gabashin Najeriya. Yakin tawaye na Aro, na daya daga cikin gumurzu na aniyan korar turawan mulkin mallaka a yankin, wanda ya faru a yankunan Aba a cikin shekarun 1901 da 1902. Turawa sunci galaban inyamurai cikin sauki a yakin kuma ba'a san mutane nawa suka salwanta a yakin ba.<ref>"Oriji, John N. (2011). ''Political Organization in Nigeria since the Late Stone Age: A History of the Igbo People''. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62193-0|<bdi>978-0-230-62193-0</bdi>]].</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1901, turawa sun kafa barikin sojoji a Aba sannan a cikin shekara ta 1915, sun kara samar da titin jirgin kasa wanda ya wuce zuwa jihar Portharcourt wanda ke sufurin kaya kamar manja da man-kadanya.<ref name=":0" /> Acikin shekara ta 1929, Aba na daya daga cikin yankunan tawaye na mata wanda akafi sani a tarihance da '''"The Aba Women's Riot"'''. Zanga-zanga ne kan harajin turawan mulkin mallaka. Rikicin ya fara ne a matsayin zanga-zanga na laluma da mata suka fara a yankin, wanda daga baya wai akaci matan tara akan hakan. Zanga-zangan ya watsu zuwa sauran kasashen inyamurai amma a matsayin zanga-zangan laluma har zuwa lokacin da aka make wata mata mai ciki a yayinda aka fara wani dan gumurzu wanda a dalilin hakan matan ta rasa jaririnta.<ref>"Oriji, John N. (2011). ''Political Organization in Nigeria since the Late Stone Age: A History of the Igbo People''. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-62193-0|<bdi>978-0-230-62193-0</bdi>]].</ref> Wannan labarin abun bakin cikin ya wanzu zuwa kasashen yankunan inda daga baya ya jawo munanan sakamako. Bayan kashe-kashe da dama, wasu ta kaddara wasu kuma akasin haka, kungiyar mata akalla 10,000 sunyi tattaki a Aba. An sanar da sakamakon mutuwar da aka samu a lokacin tsakanin mutum 55 zuwa 100.<ref>"Lemberg, David S.; Courtlandt, Canby (1984). "Encyclopedia of Historical Places". ''Encyclopedia of Historical Places''. Facts on File Library of World History. Vol. 1. New York, NY: Facts on File. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0871961266|<bdi>978-0871961266</bdi>]].</ref> Zuwa shekarun 1930s, Aba ta zamo babban gari da manya masana'antu A daidai tsakiyar yakin basasan Najeriya na 1967, An maido da babban birnin Biafra zuwa Umuahia daga Enugu. Aba ta zamo yankin salon dabarun yakin Biafra a lokacin, kuma an jefa bama-bamai da dama a yankin Biafra.<ref>{{harvnb|Opia|1972|p=8}}</ref> [[Fayil:ABA MAIN PARK.jpg|thumb|Aba]] Aba gida ne ga fitattun mutane kaman Emejiaka Egbu na iyalin Aba la Ohazu, Ogbonna iyalan Eziukwu-Aba, Ichita na iyalin Umuokpoji-Aba da makamantansu. == Tattalin Arziki == Aba zagaye take da rijiyoyin mai wanda suka raba ta da birnin Portharcourt. Hanyar sufurin man-fetur ([[pipeline]]) mai tsawon kilomitoci 30km (19 mi) ke kawo mai zuwa Aba daga matatan mai na jihar Imo.<ref name=EB/> Daga cikin muhimman arzikin garin shine masaka (textile) da kuma manja, sauran hajoji sun hada da wuraren sarrafa magunguna, robobi, siminti, kayan kwalliya da.<ref name=munro>{{harvnb|Munro|1995|p=2}}</ref> dai sauransu. A dalilin haka yasa kasuwa [[Ariaria International Market]] ta zamo na daga cikin manyan kasuwannin Najeriya bayan kasuwar Onitsha. Har wayau akwai kamfanin gidan giyan Heineken, kamfanin gilasai, da na sarrafa ruwa duk a cikin Birnin. Tayi fice a sana'oin hannu.<ref name=munro/> and distillery within the city. Finally, it is famous for its handicrafts.<ref name=EB/> == Kafar wutar Lantarki == [[Fayil:The New Africa 01.jpg|thumb|Aba]] Kamfanin "Enugu Electricity Distribution Company" ke kai wa Aba wutan lantarki, wanda aka samar ta hanyar raba kamfanin wuta na Najeriya. Bugu da kari akwai sabon gidan wuta wanda ake kira Geometric Power Company, idan ya fara aiki zai iya baiwa Aba wuta a koda yaushe. == Addini == Birnin ta taka rawa matuka a wajen yaduwar akidar ''Christian evangelism'' a kudancin Najeriya tun lokacin da turawa suka kawo makarantar "Church Missionary Society (CMS)", suka kawo motar "[[Church of England]]" wanda yanzu suka samar da [[Anglican Church of Nigeri]]. Cocin da ake kira All the Saints, ya samo asaline daga malaman Evangelism uku na yankunan safaran mai da suka hada da "Opopo-Joseph Cookey, Gabrial Coookey da kuma Zedekiah Cookeys". Wannan mutane sun biyo ta Azumini Blue River (Kogin Aba) a 1896 don kasuwanci da kuma kafa addinin kiristanci a yankin. A cikin shekara ta 1897, sunyi yarjejeniya da mutanen Abayi da Umuocham akan fili da zasu kafa kasuwancinsu na man fetur a gabar teku na yankin Umuocham da kuma yankin Abayi. Mutanen sun fara sana'arsu na <nowiki>[[man-fetur]]</nowiki> wanda daga bisani suka sa mutanen Aba suka amshi addinin Kiristanci. Daga 1901 zuwa musamman 1902 sun gayyaci ubannin gidansu zuwa yankin wanda a dalilin haka aka samar da wuraren bauta, daya a Abayi, daya kuma Umuocham a matsayin sadaukarw ga [[James Johnson]] (1900–1917). An gina cocin St. Michael's Cathedral Anglican Church a 1920s, yawancin cocukan suka samr da makarantun firamare da sakandare na yankin na lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aba Religions, Religions in Aba, Religions of Aba :: Traveltill.com|url=https://www.traveltill.com/destination/Nigeria/Aba/religion.php|access-date=2021-06-18|website=Traveltill}}</ref> Malaman kiristoci da suka fara zuwa Najeriya sun zo ne a 1842, kuma suka gina cocin Methodist Church Nigeria a Badagry. Nan da nan ta yadu zuwa Uzuakoli (tafiyar Kilimita 50 daga Aba) da bisani Aba. Acikin shekara ta 1923, aka gina cocin "Seventh-day Adventist Church (SDA Church)". Cocin na [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] sunyi fice a fanni tauhidin addinin kiristanci da kuma asibitoci masu inganci.<ref>{{harvnb|General Conference of Seventh-day Adventist|2014}}</ref> Suma Catholica sun taka rawa inda suka gina cocin Christ the King Church (C.K.C) wanda shine coci mafi girma a garin har na tsawon lokaci Zuwan akidar "Pentecostal Christianity" Najeriya ta samu nata kason a Birnin Aba, inda suma suka kafa cocin "Assemblies of God Church", Deeper Christian Life Ministry, Living Word Ministries Inc. sun sama mabiya sosai a 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web|title=aba giants|url=https://echodiplomatiques.com/docs/aba-giants-1d55d9|access-date=2021-06-18|website=echodiplomatiques.com|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200706/https://echodiplomatiques.com/docs/aba-giants-1d55d9|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haka zalika akwai musulmai da masallatai a Aba. Masallaci mafi girma a yankin shine masallacin ''Hospital Road Mosque''. Babban limamin bahaushe yana zaune a tsakiyar garin. == Ilimi == Birni na dauke da makarantun firamare akalla guda 90 wanda suke gudana safe da rana a yankin. Makarantun na gudana ne tsakanin lokutan 07:30Hrs – 12:30Hrs and 12:30Hrs – 17:30Hrs na Najeriya. {{hidden |headerstyle=border: 1px solid #000; |header=Makarantun Firamare a Aba |content= * Ogbor Hill Primary School * Living Word Magnet Schools * Aba-Owerri Road Primary School * Asa Road Primary School * Asa Triangle Primary School * Constitution Crescent (Santa Maria) Primary School * School Road Primary School Aba * Cameroun Barracks Primary School * City Primary School * Township Primary school * Ohabiam Primary School * Umuagabai Primary School * Golf Course Primary School * St Bridget Primary School * Abayi Umuocham Primary School * Abayi Ariaria Primary School * Ndoki Road Primary School * Danfodio Road Primary School * Ehere Road Primary School * Azikiwe Road Primary School * Tenant Road Primary School * Market Road Primary School * Cameroun Road Primary School * St. James Model Primary School (private) * Hospital Road Primary School * Okigwe Road Primary School * Omuma Road Primary School * College primary School * 67 Infantory Battalion Primary School, Umule * Living Stone Int'l Christian Primary School, Ogbor-Hill Aba, Abia State * Lilac primary school ogbor hil,Aba * International Early Learning Centre, Umuodu, Abayi Aba * Eagle Height Academy, 56 Cameroon road, Abayi Aba * Daughter of Mary Mother of Mercy Primary School - owned by the catholic church, and is among the first five primary school in Aba in the 90s alongside st Bridget and intl early learning. }} {{hidden |headerstyle=border: 1px solid #000; |header=Makarantun Sakandare a Aba |content= * Methodist High School, Park Road Aba * Presbyterian Secondary School, Ogbor Hill Aba * Living Word Academy Secondary * Ngwa High School (NHS) or (NAHISCO) * (Ibo) National High School (NACO) * Girls' Technical College * Sacred Heart College Eziukwu Aba (SAHACO) * Eziama High School (Apostolic Grammar School) * Wilcox Memorial Comprehensive Secondary School, Ogbor hill Aba * All Saints Secondary School, Ehere Aba * Community Girls Secondary School * Secondary Technical School * Nigerian Christian Seminary School * Boys Technical College [BTC] * Girls High School, Ogbor Hill. * Ninlan Demonstration Secondary School. * Ovom Girls High School, Ovom * Ohabiam Girls Secondary School, Ohabiam. * Nneise Community Secondary School, Umuezu. * St. Joseph College Aba * Iheorji Secondary School Aba * Osusu Secondary School Aba }} {{hidden |headerstyle=border: 1px solid #000; |header=Makarantu masu zaman kansu a Aba |content= * Living Word Magnet Schools (Nursery/Primary) * Living Word Academy (Secondary) * St. James Model School (Hosts JAMB and other graduate exams) * Premier International Secondary School * New Breed International Schools * Evangel Seminary * Alberto Model School * Dority International Secondary School (Hosts SAT and Toefl Exams for foreign colleges) * St Bridget High School * St Anthony Comprehensive Secondary School Aba. * Living Stone International Christian Secondary School, Ogbor-Hill Aba, Abia State * Living Word Academy Secondary, Abayi, Aba. * D-nals High school,opobo Rd Aba. * Rich Devos International High School, Aba. * Presbyterian secondary school, Ehere, Aba. * Awesome International Model Secondary School, Abayi Aba. * Infotech Demonstration School Aba. * stella maris secondary school aba. * merit base international Christian school Aba * St. Joseph College Aba * Intellectual Giants Christian Academy * Modern Child College Aba * St. Augustine's Model Academy, Ogbor Hill, Aba. * Lilac Comprehensive Secondary School, Ogbor Hill, Aba * [https://www.facebook.com/#!/pages/Hawics-International-School/315275005211923 Hawics International School] }} {{hidden |headerstyle=border: 1px solid #000; |header=Jami'oin Aba |content= The tertiary schools are: * Abia State University Teaching Hospital * [[Abia State Polytechnic]] * Covenant Polytechnic * School of Health Technology * Redemption College of Education (privately owned) * Rhema University, Aba Take-off site (also privately owned by Living Word Ministries) * Infotech College of Technology (privately owned) * Cyberspot Institute of Information Technology (privately owned) * Living Word Institute of Information Technology (privately owned) * Imo state university extension in nursing school off Mosque Road }} == Wasanni == Kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa ta Eyimba watau "Enyimba International F.C." wanda akafi sani da ''The Peoples Elephant,'' itace fitacciyar kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa a Garin. Nasara kungiyar wasan kwallon kafa na Eyimba tana da tasiri matuga ga wasan kwallon kafa a Najeriya. Suna da kofuna biyu na CAF Champions League, kofuna shida na Nigeria Premier League, da wasu kofunan biyu na Federation Cup. Kungiyar itace ta biyu a cikin jerin kungiyoyin wasan kwallon kafa na "CAF Club Rankings". == Bola == [[File:Refuse Skip.jpg|alt=Refuse skip at Osisioma Junction|thumb|Refuse Skip at Osisioma Junction| Bola a yankin Osisioma]] Akwai matsaloli da dama dangane da shara a birnin Aba wanda suke a dalilin rashin tara bolili da kula dasu wannan na nufin ana zubar da shara cikin rashin kula da yankunan kasuwanni da suka cika garin.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Izugbara |first1=C. O. |last2=Umoh |first2=J. O. |date=2004 |title=Indigenous Waste Management Practices among the Ngwa of Southeastern Nigeria: Some lessons and policy implications |journal=The Environmentalist |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=87–92 |doi=10.1007/s10669-004-4799-4 }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aba}} [[Category:Biranen Najeriya]] ce2v93q853l6syxtzps8v5fim9kkl08 0 6305 905559 890703 2026-08-21T10:53:01Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Abịa State University Mountain.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar jihar abia.]] [[File:RoughPlay.jpg|thumb|mutanen abia a bukukuwan al'ada.]] [[File:Renovated Abia State House of Assembly.jpg|thumb|Majalissar dokokin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Tambarin jihar abia]] [[File:Abia state tower.jpg|thumb|Abia]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 10.jpg|thumb|sarakunan gargajiya]] [[File:Retiring from all village involvement (Igboto mma) in Umuahia, Abia state 04.jpg|thumb|Al'adu]] [[File:Man pushing a wheelbarrow - Abia state.jpg|thumb|kasuwanni a wani karni]] '''Jihar Abiya''' [[Jiha]] ce wadake yankin Kudu maso Gabacin [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] wacce ta hada iyaka daga arewa, da kuma arewa maso kudu da kuma jihohin [[Enugu (jiha)|Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]; sai kuma yamma da Jihar [[Imo]], Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas, [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan da suka fi kowanne yawan jama'a a garin: '''A'''ba, '''B'''ende, '''I'''suikwuato, da kuma '''A'''rochukwu.<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref> Babban birnin jihar itace [[Umuahia]]<ref>Umuahia - Wikipedia </ref>, a yayin da [[Aba]]<ref>Aba, Nigeria - Wikipedia</ref> ta kasance mafi girma kuma cibiyar kasuwancin garin.<ref>"Aba | History & Facts | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> [[File:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abia_State_coat_of_arms]] Acikin jihohi 36 na [[Najeriya]], [[Abia]] itace ta 32 a fadin kasa kuma na 27 a yawan jama'a da kiyasin mutane akalla '''3,720,000''' a bisa ƙidayar shekara ta [[2016]].<ref>"Figure 1. Map of abia State showing the 17 local government areas". ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, jihar ta kasu zuwa kashi biyu, Niger Delta swamp forests daga karshen kudancin garin, da kuma busasshen yanayi na Cross–Niger transition forests da yanayi savanna a sauran sassan garin. Sauran muhimman yankunan garin sun hada da Rafukan [[Imo River|Imo]] and [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wadanda ke kwarara ta yammaci da kudancin iyakar Abiya. Akwai yaruka da dama da suke zaune a Jihar Abiya a yau, musamman [[Inyamurai]]. A lokacin mulkin [[turawa]], yankin Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin yankin mutanen [[Arochukwu]] na Daular Aro kafin a turawa su ci su da yaki a Yakin [[Yakin Anglo-Aro]] a farkon karni na 1900. Turawa sun mamaye yankin bayan yakin, kuma suka sanya ta cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya karkashin kariyar Turawa, wacce daga baya aka hadeta cikin yankin Najeriya ta Mulkin Burtaniya; bayan an hade ta, Jihar Abiya ta zamo cibiyar adawa ga mulkin mallaka turawa wanda ya janyo yakin mata da aka fara a [[Oloko]]. Bayan samun 'yancin a shekarata alif 1960, Jihar Abiya ta yau na daga cikin Yankin Kudancin Najeriya , har zuwa shekarar 1967 lokacin da aka rarraba yankin zuwa yankin Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kasa da watanni biyu bayan faruwar hakan, tsohuwar yankin na Gashin Najeriya ta jawo yakin basasa na tsawon shekaru uku a Najeriya, tare da Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan tawaye na [[Biyafara]]. Bayan yakin ya kare kuma an sake hade yankunan a Najeriya, an mayar da Jihar Gabas ta Tsakiya har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da [[Murtala Mohammed]] ya samar da sabuwar Jihar [[Imo]] (wacce ta hada da JIhar Abiya a cikin ta). Bayan shekaru sha biyar, an sake raba Jihar Imo inda aka cire gabashin Imo don samar da Jihar Abiya; amma a shekarar 1996, an sake raba jihar Abiya inda aka samar da Jihar [[Ebonyi]] ta yau.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Ta fuskar tattalin arziki, Jihar Abiya ta ta'allaka a samar da man-fetur da natural gas dadi da noma, musamman na doya, masara, taro, man-ja da rogo. Akwai kamfanoni sarrafe-sarrafe musamman a yankin Aba.<ref>"Abia". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Retrieved 14 December 2021.</ref> Dangane da saurin habakar ta a fuskar yawan jama'a da masanaantu, Abiya ta shiga na 8 daga cikin jerin cigaban al'umma a Najeriya.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> [[Fayil:Abia State coat of arms.jpg|thumb|Abiya state coat of arm]] Tana da yawan fili kimani na kilomita arabba’i 6,320 da yawan jama’a milyan biyu da dubu dari takwas da talatin da uku da dari tara da tisa'in da tara (kidayar yawan jama'a shekara 2006). Babban birnin tarayyar jahar ita ce [[Umuahia]]. [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] shi ne gwamnan jihar tun zaben shekara ta 2015 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan shi ne [[Ude Okochukwu]]. Dattijan jihar sune: [[Eyinnaya Abaribe]], [[Theodore A. Orji]] da kuma [[Mao Ohuabunwa]]<ref>https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Abia/Brief-History-of-Abia-State.html</ref><ref>https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Abia_State,_Nigeria_Genealogy</ref>. == Labarin kasa. == Jihar Abiya wacce ta mamaye fadin kasa kimanin 6,320sqkm, ta hada iyaka daga kudu da kudu maso gabas da jihohin [[Enugu]] da [[Ebonyi]]. Jihar [[Imo]] daga yamma, Jihar [[Cross River]] daga gabas da kuma Jihar [[Akwa Ibom]] daga kudu maso gabas, sai kuma [[Jihar Rivers]] daga kudu. Sashin kudancin garin na fuskantar ruwan sama mai karfi na kimanin 2,400 millimetres (94 in) a duk shekara, kuma yafi karfi a tsakanin watannin Aprelu zuwa Octoba.<ref>"abia". ''www.usafricaonline.com''. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> Rafuka mafi muhimmanci a jihar sune; [[Imo River|Imo]] da Kogin [[Aba River (Nigeria)|Aba]] wanda ke kwarara acikin tekun Atlantic ta jihar Akwa Ibom.<ref>Nigeria, Media (22 March 2018). "Major Rivers In Abia state". ''Media Nigeria''. Retrieved 13 February2022.</ref> == Tarihi da yawan jama'a == Abiya na daga cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya kuma tana da kananan hukumomi guda 17. An kafa jihar Abiya a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991, a lokacin mulkin General [[Ibrahim Babangida]]. Jihar na zaune a yankin kudu maso gabashin Najeriya. An samar da jihar Abiya daga cikin jihar Imo kuma jihohin biyu sun hada iyaka. Jihar Abiya na daga cikin garuruwan Niger Delta. Babba birnin jihar itace Abiya, sannan ana mata lakabi da '''''[[Abiya|GOD’s OWN STATE]]'''.'' Jihar Abiya ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga yankunan ta hudu da sukafi ko ina yawa wato: [[Aba, Abia|Aba]], [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]], [[Isuikwuato]], da [[Afikpo]].<ref>"History of Abia State Nigeria | AllNigeriaInfo". Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref><ref>"Abia State history". Abia-union.org. Archived from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Jihar Abiya jiha ce ta Inyamurai kuma da yaren Igbonci ake magana a garin. Inyamurai ne suka cike kusan kaso '''95%''' na yawan mutanen garin.<ref>"Enugu State". Igbofocus.co.uk. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2012.</ref> Sannan haka zalika ana amfani da harshen turanci a garin, kuma shine matsayin yaren gwamnati da kuma cinikayya. A jihar Abiya, fiye da mutum miliyan 7 kiristoci ne.<ref>"Abia | state, Nigeria". ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</ref> == Tattalin arziki da ababen more rayuwa == Samar da man-fetur da gas sune muhimman tattalin arzikin Jihar Abiya, wanda yake wakiltan kaso 39% na kudaden shiga (GDP) na Jihar.<ref name=":0">Nigeria's 36 States and the FCT, Economic, societal and political profiles, World Bank Report</ref> Amma duk da haka kwararan kamfanonin gida na jihar dangane da shirin Marginal Fields Programme (MFP)- na samun karancin kudade da zai basu damar hakan mai a rijiyoyi kusan 50 dake jihar.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Masana'antun kere-kere na wakiltar kudaden shiga kashi 2% kacal.<ref name=":0" /> Cibiyar masana'antun Jihar Abia na nan a birnin Aba, wanda suka hada da kamfanonin sarrafa magunguna, sabulai, robobi, siminti, takalma da kuma kayan kwalliya.<ref name=":1">Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abia". ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. I (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 32. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-59339-837-8|<bdi>978-1-59339-837-8</bdi>]].</ref> Bugu da kari, Jihar Abiya ta samar da wurin taro na kasa da kasa mai daukan mutum akalla 9000 a babban birnin Umuahia. Gwamna [[Theodore Orji|T.A Orji]] ya gina wannan katafaren wuri don bunkasa tattalin arziki ta hanyar tarar baki a tarukan kasa da kasa ko kuma na gida Najeriya da kuma masu yawan bude idanu a Jihar. Noma na wakiltar kaso 27% na kudaden shiga na Jihar (GDP), kuma ta samar da aiki ga kaso 70% na mutanen garin.<ref name=":0" /> Dangane da ruwan sama mai yawa a Jihar, Abiya na da kasar noma mai kyau kuma suna noman doya, masara, dankali shinkafa, kashuw, plantain, taro da kuma rogo.<ref name=":1" /> Kwakwan manja ya kasance muhimmin kayan masarufi na siyarwa a Jihar.<ref name=":1" /> === Hako Man-fetur da Gas === Akwai akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 100 da kuma masarrafu guda uku a jihar Abiya.<ref>"Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". ''channelstv.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref><ref name=":3">"Vanguard, Nigeria (7 August 2012). "Our problem is poor funding – ASOPADEC Chairman". ''vanguardngr.com''. Retrieved 30 November 2015.</ref> Akwai kuma masarrafar gas na "Abia/NNPC gas plant".<ref name=":3" /> Yi zuwa shekara ta 2012, cibiyar boundary C ta sanar da cewa ta maido da rijiyoyin mai 42 daga Jihar Rivers zuwa Abiya.<ref name=":3" /> Hakan na nufin cewa, Jihar Abiya ta zamo na hudu a samar da man fetur a Najeriya.<ref name=":3" /> Mashahuriyar kamfanin man fetur wato [[Shell Nigeria|Shell]], ke da mallakin mafiya yawan rijiyoyin man da ke Jihar, kuma ta ware kusan guda 50 wanda ake dauka a matsayin mafi muhimmanci. Jihar tana samar da 36,000 barrels na man-fetur a duk rana; "Imoturu na samar da barrel 23,000 a duk rana; a yayin da ita kuma tashar man-fetur na Isimili ke samar da fiye da ganga 8,000 a duk rana.<ref name=":3" /> Akwai rijiyoyin mai guda 4 a yankin mabubbugan Izaku zuwa Obigo. Akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 30 suna kwarara zuwa Umuri sannan kuma akalla rijiyoyin mai guda 8 suna kwarara daga Umurie zuwa Afam" kamar yadda Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman na Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). Amma duk da haka, jihar na kukan rashin isasshen kudi daga kudaden da ake samu na man fetur daga Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref name=":3" /> == Matsalolin Muhalli == === Bola === Kungiyar kula da muhalli wato Municipal solid waste management (MSWM), ke da alhakin kwashe shara da tattara ta, da zubar da ita don tabbatar da cewa bata cutar da mutane ba. Akwai matsaloli da dama da suke jawo tara shara a yankuna birane, wanda suka hada da yanayin samun kudi, yanayin sararin samaniya, birane da kuma habakar tattalin arziki.<ref>Ezechi, Ezerie Henry; Nwabuko, Chima George; Enyinnaya, Ogbonna Chidi; Babington, Chibunna John (September 2017). "Municipal solid waste management in Aba, Nigeria: Challenges and prospects". ''Environmental Engineering Research''. '''22'''(3): 231–236. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.4491/eer.2017.100. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 1226-1025.</ref> Ma'aikatar MSW a jihar Abiya ta kasu kashi uku; # Sharar gida (shara daga gidaje, wuraren cin abinci, kasuwanni da sauran wuraren cinikayya) # Sharar Masana'antu (wanda suka hada da abubuwa masu cutarwa wanda ke bukatar kulawa ta musamman) # Sharar Ma'aikatu (wannan sun hada da shara daga ma'aikatun gwamnati, makarantu, asibitoci da wuraren shakatawa) == Ma'adanan Jihar Abiya == * [[Zinari|Zinare]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2011-08-21 |title=Mineral Resources |url=https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Official Website of Abia State Government |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124172412/https://abiastate.gov.ng/mineral-resources/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Zinare|Lead/Zinc]]<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> * Oil/gas<ref name=":0" /> * [[Salt]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natural Resources – Welcome To The Embassy of Nigeria|url=https://nigerianembassythehague.nl/about-nigeria/natural-resources/|access-date=2022-02-12|language=en-US}}</ref> * Kaolin<ref name=":0" /> * Limestone<ref name=":0" /> == Jami'oi da Kwalejoji == Akwai jami'oi shida a jihar, akwai na gwamnatin tarayya wato Michael Okpara University of Agriculture a [[Umudike]],<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Abia State University a [[Uturu]], akwai kuma ta 'yan kasuwa Gregory University dake Uturu,<ref>"List of GUU (Gregory University Uturu ) Degree Courses". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Rhema University a [[Abia]],<ref>"List of Courses Offered by Rhema University". ''www.myschoolgist.com''. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> Spiritan University a Umu Nneochi da kuma Clifford University da ke [[Owerrinta]]. Akwai kuma kwalejin Ilimi na Abiya dake [[Arochukwu]], akwai kuma kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya dake Aba. [[Temple Gate Polytechnic]] dake a Aba, da kuma [[Abia State Polytechnic]].<ref>"List of Courses Offered at Abia State Polytechnic". ''Nigerian Scholars''. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2021.</ref> == Sufuri == Tashar jirgin sama mafi kusa a Jihar Abiya itace tashar [[Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport]] (Tashar Jirgin sama na Owerri), tafiyar sa'a daya na iya kai mutum i zuwa [[Umuahia]], [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] kuma tafiyar sa'a biyu ne zuwa Tashar jirgin saman [[Port Harcourt International Airport]]. Za'a iya ziyartar tashar jirgin sama na [[Akwa Ibom Airport]] (dake [[Akwa Ibom]]). Akwai nisan kimanin kilomita 73.28 (45.53 mi) a tsakanin Birnin Uyo (''Akwa Ibom'') da Birnin [[Umuahia]] (Abia). Har wayau, akwai kuma tashar jirgin kasa wacce ake zirga-zirga ta hanyoyinta, amma ana kan gyaranta a yanzu. Aba ta hade da jihar Porthacourt ta titin jirgin kasa. Birnin Umuahia ta hade da Aba da Enugu ta titin jirgin kasa. Ana iya zirga zirga ta yankunan ruwayen garin akan jirgin ruwa ko kwale-kwale. == Yaruka == A kasa akwai jerin harsuna da ake amfani dasu a Jihar Abiya dangane da kananan hukumominsu:<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Arochukwu || Inyamuranci |- | Ini || Inyamuranci |- | Obi Ngwa || Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia South||Inyamuranci |- | Umuahia North||Inyamuranci |- |Ikwuano||Inyamuranci |- |Isiukwato||Inyamuranci |- |Ukwa West||Inyamuranci |- |Aba South||Inyamuranci |- |Aba North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa North||Inyamuranci |- |Isiala Ngwa South||Inyamuranci |- |Obingwa||Inyamuranci |- |Umunneochi||Inyamuranci |- | Ugwunagbo || Inyamuranci |- | Ukwa East || Inyamuranci |} == Siyasa == Gwamnan jihar shi ke gudanar da harkokin siyasa a jihar tare da taimakon mukarrabansa na majalisar dokokin jihar. Babban birnin Jihar itace [[Umuahia]].<ref>"Umuahia | Location, Facts, & Population | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 12 March 2022.</ref> Akwai kananan hukumomi 17 a jihar. A lokacin da ta zamo jiha a 1991, shugaban kasa [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya nada jagoran yankin wato [[Frank Ajobena]] kafin a zabi [[Ogbonnaya Onu]] a matsayin gwamna a Tarayyar Najeriya ta uku. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, shugabankasa [[Sani Abacha]] ya kawo karshen Tarayyar Najeriya ta Uku (Third Republic) kuma ya tilasta mulkin soja a ko ina. A zamanin mulkin Abacha, an sake nada mutane uku ([[Chinyere Ike Nwosu]], [[Temi Ejoor]], da kuma [[Moses Fasanya]]) har zuwa lokacin da Abacha ya mutu shi kuma [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]] ya cigaba da mulki. Abubakar ya sake nada mai gudanarwa soja [[Anthony Obi]], kafin a fara aiki da dimukradiyya a shekarar 1998. A 1999, [[Najeriya]] ta cigaba da bin tsarin dimukradiyya kuma an zabi [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] a matsayin gwamna a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP. An rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 1999. A sabon zabe a shekara ta 2003, Kalu ya sake fitowa takarar gwamna kuma an sake zabar sa har zuwa shekara ta 2007 inda wa'adinsa na wa'adi biyu suka zo karshe. [[Theodore Orji]] ([[Progressive Peoples Alliance|PPA]]) yayi nasarar kayar da [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] (PDP) a zaben gwmanan jihar Abiya a 2007. A zaben shekara ta 2011, Theodore Orji ya fice daga jam'iyyar PPA zuwa jam'iyyar PDP bayan nan a sake zaben shi don komawa wa'adi na biyu a matsayin gwamna. A zaben shekara ta 2015, an zabi [[Okezie Ikpeazu]] (PDP) a matsayin gwamnan jihar Abiya na tara.<ref>INEC Declares Ikpeazu Winner Of Abia Governorship Election</ref> Ya sake yin nasara a zaben shekara ta 2015, inda ya kayar da [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah|Uche Ogah]] na jam'iyyar APC da [[Alex Otti]] na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Grand Alliance|APGA]] kuma an rantsar dashi a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun 2019. == Kananan Hukumomi == Jihar Abia nada [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan Hukumomi]] guda goma sha bakwai (17), Sune: #[[Aba ta Arewa]] #[[Aba ta Kudu]] #[[Arochukwu]] #[[Bende, Nijeriya|Bende]] #[[Ikwuano]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Arewa]] #[[Isiala Ngwa ta Kudu]] #[[Isuikwuato]] #[[Obi Ngwa]] #[[Ohafia]] #[[Osisioma Ngwa]] #[[Ugwunagbo]] #[[Ukwa ta Gabas]] #[[Ukwa ta Yamma]] #[[Umuahia ta Arewa]] #[[Umuahia ta Kudu]] #[[Umu Nneochi]] == Sarakunan Jihar == {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" |- ! Mukami || Ethnic Group || Suna || Class || Karamar Hukuma || Fada |- | ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Eziama Aba || Eze Issac Ikonne || 1 || Aba ta Arewa || Osusu Aba |- | ''Ochiudo 1 na Aba Ukwu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Jonathan U. oguejiofor (JP): Alkalin Zaman Lafiya na Tarayyar Nijeriya, Jihar Abia || || || |- | ''Osimiri III na Aba || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aba, Abia|Aba]] || Eze (Barrister) Sunday Emejiaka || 1 || [[Aba ta Kudu]] || Aba |- | ''Eze Aro'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Arochukwu]] || Mazi Ogbonnaya Vincent Okoro (Eze Aro III) || 1 || [[Arochukwu]] || Oro Arochukwu |- | ''Ugwumba 1 na Ndida Ozaar'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Asa || Eze Samuel Chukwuemeka Agu || || [[Ukwa ta Yamma]] || Umuebulungwu, Ndida Ozaar |- | ''Ike 1 na Ikeisu'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Isu people|Isu]] || Augustine O. Igwe (Ike I) || ? || [[Arochukwu]] || Ikeisu (Utugiyi) |- | ''Ezeala III na Aro Ngwa'' || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Aro people|Aro Ngwa]] || Eze Edward Enwereji || ? || [[Osisioma Ngwa]] || |- | ''Ugo Oha'' (''Eze'') na Etiti Mgboko Umuanunu || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / Etiti || Ngozi Ibekwe || 1 || Obi ngwa || ? | |- '' | ''Eze'' 1 na ovukwu abam onyerubi || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] / [[Ndi oji Abam]] || Oriji Ojembe || 1 || [[Isuikwuato]] || ? |- | ''Eze Ukwu 1'' of Ngwa-Ukwu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Ngwa || Benard Enweremadu || 1 ||Isiala Ngwa || Ngwa Ukwu Kingdom. The ancestral home of Ngwa Land. |- | Nya 1 of Nunya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Oguduasaa || M.E. Ihevume || ? || Isuikwuato ||Nunya Autonomous Community |- | ''Ossah-Ibeku'' (''Eze'') of Umuahia<ref name=":2">Chairman of the Abia State Council of Traditional Rulers</ref>|| [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Osaa ||HRH Nze Hope Onuigbo || X || X || Umuahia Amibo, Nsukwe |- | ''Eze'' of Uturu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Uturu]] || A.E. Ude || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Uturu |- | ''Igbojiakuru'' (Eze) of Alayi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Alayi]] || Ukeje Philip || ? || [[Bende, Nigeria|Bende]] || [[Alayi|Ndi Elendu, Amaeke Alayi]] |- | ''Awu'' (''Eze'')of Isuamawu || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] || Surveyor Chris E Aboh,FNIS || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area|Isuikwuato]] || Eluama Isuama |- Eze of Obun || ? || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- ''Enyi'' (''Eze'') of Aba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / ? || Eze Issac Ikonne || || || |- |- Eze of Obunebere || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Isuikwuato]] ||Ndubuisi N. Alatta || ? || [[Isuikwuato Local Government Area]] || Eluama |- | ''Enachioken'' Of Abiriba || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Abiriba]] ||Kalu Kalu Ogbu || 1 || [[Ohafia]] || Abiriba |- | ''Ohanyere I'' Of Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umuahia]] ||Eze Abel E. Uhuegbue || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Eze Ohanyere I'' Of Ahiaba Ubi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Isiala Ngwa ||Eze D.O. Ogbuisi || ? || [[Isiala Ngwa North]] || Abia |- | ''EZE TOWE 1 of umutowe. || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Eze G. C Onwuka || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Ome Udo II'' Of Umueze, Ohiya || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- | ''Okaa Omee I'' of Amaikwu, Abia || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Ohiya]] ||Uche Nwamarah || ? || [[Umuahia South]] || Abia |- |"Ehi II" of Ehi na Uguru Auto. Comm, Umuguru || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / Umuguru ||Eze E. E. Eluwa || 1 || [[Isiala Ngwa South]] || |- |"Ochi 1" of Ochi na Isuochi. Comm, Umunneochi || [[Igbo language|Igbo]] / [[Umu Nneochi]] ||HRM EZEKWESIRI || 1 || [[Umu Nneochi]] || Abia |} == Al'adu da wuraren bude idanu == * [[Arochukwu]] wacce ke da alaka da cinikayyar bayi * Azumini Blue River waterside * The Amakama wooden cave; wani rami a jikin bishiya dake iya daukan mutum 20 * Kogo da ke arewa, sun hada da Umu – Neochi zuwa Arochukwu. * Rawar al'ada da gargajiya * [[National War Museum, Umuahia]] da [[C. Odumegwu Ojukwu|Ojukwu]] Bunker a Umuahia * Wurin tarihin mulkin mallakan turawa na ABiya * Akwete” wuri saqa kaya a karamar hukumar Ukwu ta gabas * Masu rawar yakin [[Ohafia]] * Bikin tunawa da AmaforIsingwu biannual Iza aha * Bikin Akpe Festival a Umuahia == Sanannun mutane == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> * [[Abai Ikwechegh]] - Jurist * [[Acho Nwakanma]] - Politician, and Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani]] – novelist and essayist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-05|title=The Power of a Name, By Adaobi Tricia Nwaubani {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/154689-power-name-adaobi-tricia-nwaubani.html|access-date=2021-06-29|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Adolphus Wabara]] - Former Senate President of Nigeria. * [[Akwaeke Emezi]] – novelist<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-07-21|title=Young Nigerian writers shaping the world|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/young-nigerian-writers-shaping-the-world/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Mascot Ikwechegh]], politician, businessman and philanthropist<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria Politician and Philanthropist Chief Alex Ikwechegh Marks Birthday, Receives Global Accolades|url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/35839/nigeria-politician-and-philanthropist-chief-alex.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> * [[Alexx Ekubo]], Nollywood actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-10|title=Where Is Alexx Ekubo From? – Biography And Ethnicity Of The Nollywood Big Boy|url=https://buzznigeria.com/where-is-alexx-ekubo-from-biography-and-ethnicity-of-the-nollywood-big-boy/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Otti]] - Former Group Managing Director of Diamond Bank PLC. * [[Alvan Ikoku]], OBE educationist (1900–1971)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chris|date=2021-06-12|title=Abia College Names Library After Alvan Ikoku|url=https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140011/https://leadership.ng/abia-college-names-library-after-alvan-ikoku/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Anthony Eze Enwereuzor]] - Politician Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Anya Oko Anya]], technocrat and academic<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-11-21|title=The sun awards 2016: …The winners|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/the-sun-awards-2016-the-winners/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ashley Nwosu]] - Former Nigerian Actor * [[Arunma Oteh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weforum.org/people/arunma-oteh/|title=Arunma Oteh|website=World Economic Forum|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/after-leaving-world-bank-arunma-oteh-appointed-into-ecobank-board|title=After leaving World Bank, Arunma Oteh appointed into Ecobank board|date=2019-01-18|website=TheCable|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Former World Bank Vice President and Treasurer. * [[Azubuike Ihejirika]] – Lt. General and former Chief of Army Staff<ref>{{Cite web|last=Akinola|first=Wale|date=2021-01-27|title=Buratai, 9 former Nigeria Chief of Army Staff who served between 1999 and 2021|url=https://www.legit.ng/1400012-meet-10-nigeria-chief-army-staff-served-1999-2021.html|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-27|title=Meet Nigeria Chief of Army Staff since 1999 {{!}} The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/meet-nigeria-chief-of-army-staff-since-1999/|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Azubuko Udah]] - Former Deputy-Inspector General of the Nigerian Police Force * [[Basketmouth]] – comedian<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-11|title=Nigerians blast Basketmouth for defending Buhari|url=https://www.thecable.ng/nigerians-blasts-basketmouth-for-defending-buhari|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2019-08-23|title=Comedian Basketmouth shares adorable photo of his kids as they have fun in US|url=https://www.legit.ng/1255947-comedian-basketmouth-shares-adorable-photo-kids.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Benjamin Kalu]] – politician and member of the House of Representatives<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-28|title=Nigeria's security situation 'alarming', we're having sleepless nights - Reps|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/374761-nigerias-security-situation-alarming-were-having-sleepless-nights-reps.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Blessing Nwagba]] - Female Politician * [[Bob Nwannunu]] - Politician * [[Bright Chimezie]] – Highlife Musician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-15|title=Bright Chimezie, Former Church Instrumentalist Who Originated Zigima|url=https://thenet.ng/bright-chimezie-the-former-church-instrumentalist-who-originated-zigima-music/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-09-30|title=People said I was dead after I relocated from Lagos to Igboland - Bright Chimezie|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/people-said-i-was-dead-after-i-relocated-from-lagos-to-igboland-bright-chimezie/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Buchi Atuonwu]] - Gospel Artiste * [[Chelsea Eze]] – award-winning Nollywood actress<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-24|title=Chelsea Eze's Biography and The Works That Brought Her To Fame|url=https://buzznigeria.com/chelsea-eze-biography-and-the-works-that-brought-her-to-fame/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chidi Imoh]] - Athlete * [[Chijioke Nwakodo]] - Politician * [[Chika Chukwumerije]] – Olympic Taekwondo Medalist (Beijing 2008); 3-time Olympian; first Black African Olympic Medalist in the Martial Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-08-24 |title=Taekwondo Day 4 Review: Debutants crowned in an eventful day - The Official Website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games |url=http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |access-date=2022-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080824143108/http://en.beijing2008.cn/news/sports/headlines/taekwondo/n214580486.shtml |archive-date=24 August 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taekwondo Olympic Medal Winners List - Men & Women |url=http://olympics.sporting99.com/olympic-records/taekwondo.html |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=olympics.sporting99.com |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628193036/https://olympics.sporting99.com/olympic-records/taekwondo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Chika Okeke-Agulu]] - Art historian. * [[Chinedu Ikedieze]] – award-winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-03|title=The 20 Richest Actors in Nigeria and Their Net Worths|url=https://buzznigeria.com/the-20-richest-actors-in-nigeria-and-their-net-worths/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=BuzzNigeria - Famous People, Celebrity Bios, Updates and Trendy News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ayoola|first=Simbiat|date=2020-01-10|title=Actor Chinedu Ikedieze shares photos of his multi-million naira mansion|url=https://www.legit.ng/1291943-nollywood-actor-chinedu-ikedieze-builds-a-multi-million-naira-mansion-video.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chinedum Enyinnaya Orji]] - Speaker of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Chinweizu Ibekwe]] - Renowned essayist, poet, and journalist. * [[Chinyere Almona]] – business executive<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ezugwu|first=Obinna|title=Chinyere Almona Emerges New LCCI Director General - Business Hallmark|url=https://hallmarknews.com/56097-2/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=hallmarknews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chinyere Kalu]] – Nigeria's first female pilot.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=I'm happy not sacrificing my family for career — Chinyere Kalu|url=https://punchng.com/im-happy-not-sacrificing-my-family-for-career-chinyere-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-27|title=Captain Chinyere Kalu; Nigeria's first female who flew a plane with water in the engine|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/captain-chinyere-kalu-nigerias-first-female-who-flew-a-plane-with-water-in-the-engine|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Face2Face Africa|language=en}}</ref> * [[Chioma Agomo]] - Academician and a Professor of Law. * [[Chioma Onyekwere]] – Nigeria's Discus Champion.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-30|title=Eze Brume wins Long Jump, Onyekwere bags gold in Discuss|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/eze-brume-wins-long-jump-onyekwere-bags-gold-in-discuss/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Chioma Toplis]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Chisom Chikatara]] - Professional Footballer * [[Christy Ucheibe]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Chuku Wachuku]] – Statesman and former Director-General of Nigeria's NDE: National Directorate of Employment<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-16|title=Abia Gov. inaugurates 23 commissioners {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/358044-abia-gov-inaugurates-23-commissioners.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-06-15|title=Gov. swears in 17 LG chairmen in Abia|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184521/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/ikpeazu-gov-swears-in-17-lg-chairmen-in-abia/06phsl2|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Christopher Kanu]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer. * [[Christopher Osondu]] - Former Navy Captain and Military Administrator of Cross River State * [[Chukwuemeka Ngozichineke Wogu]] - Former Minister of Labour and Productivity * [[Clifford Ohiagu]] - Politician * [[Daniel Kanu]] - Nigerian-American Politician. * [[Dike Chukwumerije]] – Award-winning Novelist, Poet, Public Speaker and Spoken-word artiste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - Writing a New Nigeria - Meet the authors |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3H7X6d46c9JgnWQH7pMNw2m/meet-the-authors |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Listed on 100 most influential Africans.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The NWA Lists Their 100 Most Influential Nigerian Writers Under 40 |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/01/nigerian-writers-awards-100-influential-nigerian-writers-list/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> * [[Ebitu Ukiwe]] – former Military Vice President; Former Governor of Niger and Lagos States.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-04|title=Ukiwe: The Last Original at 80 -|url=https://www.thenewsnigeria.com.ng/2020/11/04/ukiwe-the-last-original-at-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The NEWS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-29|title=Kalu, Ukiwe, former MILADs pay tribute to late officer|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-ukiwe-former-milads-pay-tribute-to-late-officer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ejike Asiegbu]]- Nollywood Veteran actor<ref><nowiki>https://blueprint.ng/ejike-asiegbu-turner-isuon-where-are-they-now/</nowiki></ref> * [[Ejikeme Ikwunze]] - Sports Journalist * [[Emma Ugolee]] - Media Personality and Author * [[Emmanuel Acho]] - Former American Football Player; Analyst at Fox Sports 1 * [[Emeka Ananaba]] - Former Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Eni Njoku]] – pioneer Vice Chancellor, [[University of Lagos]] and first black Vice Chancellor, [[University of Nigeria]] Nsukka.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-24|title=How crisis in UNILAG accelerated 1966 coup — Ben Nwabueze|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/how-crisis-in-unilag-accelerated-1966-coup/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Enyinnaya Abaribe]] – Senator and former Deputy Governor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-02|title=Ikpeazu replies Adeyemi on 'drunk' taunt, hails Abaribe|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ikpeazu-replies-adeyemi-on-drunk-taunt-hails-abaribe/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-01|title=Abaribe to Buhari: Stop giving excuses for failures|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/abaribe-to-buhari-stop-giving-excuses-for-failures/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi]] - Environmental biochemist, Soil Scientist, and Toxicologist * [[Ezinne Kalu]], Female Basketballer * [[Eziuche Ubani]] - Female Politician * [[Felix Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Fortunatus Nwachukwu]] - Catholic Prelate * [[Francis Ezeh]] - Professional Football Player * [[Godswill Obioma]] - Former National Examination Council Registrar * [[Ifu Ennada]] - Actress, Fashion Designer, and Former Big Brother Naija Housemate. * [[Iheanacho Obioma]] - Politician * [[IK Ogbonna]], Nollywood Actor and Top Model<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-11|title=Sonia celebrates hubby, Ik Ogbonna on his birthday|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/sonia-celebrates-hubby-ik-ogbonna-birthday/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-01|title=IK Ogbonna Breaks Silence On Alleged Break-up With Wife|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/ik-ogbonna-breaks-silence-on-alleged-break-up-with-wife/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard Allure|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ike Ibeabuchi]], Professional Boxer. * [[Ike Nwachukwu]], military officer, former state governor, diplomat, former senator and former chairman of the governing board of [[Nigerian Institute of International Affairs]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Ike Nwachukwu: A bulging past with a long shadow|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/ike-nwachukwu-a-bulging-past-with-a-long-shadow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-03|title=Ike Nwachukwu @ 80 - The Nation Nigeria|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ike-nwachukwu-80/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ikechi Uko]]- Renowned travel consultant * [[Ikechukwu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ikeogu Oke]] - Author, Journalist, and Award-winning Poet * [[Isaac Nwaobia]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ivy Uche Okoronkwo]] - First Female Deputy Inspector General of Police<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-04|title=Worthy Sons and Daughters of the Great Arochukwu Kingdom – Past and Present — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/worthy-sons-and-daughters-of-the-great-arochukwu-kingdom-past-and-present/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-01-25|title=Jonathan fires IGP, Abubakar steps in|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/01/jonathan-fires-igp-abubakar-steps-in/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[J. Martins]], Afro-pop artiste<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-08-17|title=J. Martins acquires Rolls Royce Phantom, G-Wagon 550|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/08/j-martins-acquires-rolls-royce-phantom-g-wagon-550/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='My father attempted to kill me thrice for becoming a musician' – J.Martins {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/my-father-attempted-to-kill-me-thrice-for-becoming-a-musician-j-martins/|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jaja Wachuku]] – First Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nigeria, First indigenous Speaker of the House of Representatives of Nigeria and first Nigerian Permanent representative to the UN.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Heroes of the struggle for Nigeria's independence/pioneer political|url=https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525075901/https://guardian.ng/?p=1230220|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Joe Irukwu]] - Nigeria's First Professor of Insurance. * [[Joel Kachi Benson]], documentary film maker.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-11|title=My agenda for making Daughters of Chibok –Joel 'Kachi Benson|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/my-agenda-for-making-daughters-of-chibok-joel-kachi-benson/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[John Godson]] – Polish lawmaker and philanthropist.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wyborcza.pl|url=https://lodz.wyborcza.pl/lodz/7,35136,21814379,john-godson-wrocil-do-afryki-hoduje-swinie-i-owce-chce-sciagnac.html?disableRedirects=true|access-date=2021-06-30|website=lodz.wyborcza.pl}}</ref> * [[Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi]] – Nigeria's Military Officer and former Head of State.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Department|first=Abia State (Nigeria) Ministry of Information, Culture, and Sports Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VARSAQAAMAAJ&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Abia State Official Handbook: 1991-1997|date=1997|publisher=the Ministry|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Yakubu|first=Yusufu Abdullahi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j3OPHhQ_HLsC&q=Johnson+Aguiyi-Ironsi+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Nigeria's Foreign Policy: A Basic Text|date=2014|publisher=Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited|isbn=978-978-125-467-3|language=en}}</ref> * [[Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku]] - Former Eze of Ngwa land. * [[Joyce Kalu]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Kalu Uche]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kalu Idika Kalu]] – former Finance Minister and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-12-05|title=Why I joined APC -Idika Kalu|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/why-i-joined-apc-idika-kalu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-02|title=Kalu Idika's mum dies at 100|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/kalu-idikas-mum-dies-at-100/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Kalu Ikeagwu]] - Movie Actor and Writer. * [[Kalu Ndukwe Kalu]] - Political scientist and Distinguished Research Professor of Political Science and National Security Policy at Auburn University * [[Kelechi Emeteole]] - Former Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Kenneth Omeruo]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Larry Gaaga]] - Renowned Songwriter and Music Producer * [[Linda Ejiofor]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Lukas Nmecha]] - Professional Football Player * [[Mao Ohuabunwa]], industrialist and politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-18|title=Ohuabunwa tasks National Assembly on people's constitution|url=https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184248/https://guardian.ng/news/ohuabunwa-tasks-national-assembly-on-peoples-constitution/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Mary Ikoku]] - Development Consultant * [[Mary Lazarus]] - Nollywood Actress * [[Martins Azubuike]] - Former Speaker of Abia State House of Assembly. * [[Michael Okpara]] – premier of Nigeria's Eastern Region from 1959 to 1966<ref>{{Cite web|last=Report|first=Agency|date=2021-06-02|title=Michael Okpara Centenary Holds Tomorrow|url=https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602023213/https://leadership.ng/michael-okpara-centenary-holds-tomorrow/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=Ogah Eulogises Late Dr. Michael Okpara's Leadership Style|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/06/05/ogah-eulogises-late-dr-michael-okparas-leadership-style/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mr Raw]] – [[Igbo rap]] music pioneer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-25|title=Where Are They Now - Mr Raw|url=https://thenet.ng/now-mr-raw/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-07-11|title=Why I changed my name from 'Nigga Raw' to 'Mr Raw' - Ukeje Edward|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/why-i-changed-my-name-from-nigga-raw-to-mr-raw-ukeje-edward/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nathan Kanu]] - Anglican Bishop * [[Ndubuisi Kanu]] – Former Governor of Lagos State and old Imo State.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu life and times|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55646741|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=Update: Former Military Administrator of Lagos, Rear Admiral Ndubuisi Kanu is dead|url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/01/13/breaking-former-military-administrator-of-lagos-rear-admiral-ndubuisi-kanu-is-dead/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Nairametrics|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=Ndubuisi Kanu: Thinker, Soldier, Sailor, Activist|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/18/ndubuisi-kanu-thinker-soldier-sailor-activist/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Njoku Nnamdi]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly *[[Nkechi Blessing Sunday]] - Nollywood actress *[[Nkechi Justina Nwaogu]] – Two Time Senator Abia Central Senatorial District and Immediate Past Pro Chancellor University of Calabar.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Rahaman|date=2021-05-29|title=Senator Nkechi Nwaogu: Celebrating a mentor and great leader by Onyendi Victor|url=https://www.legit.ng/1417933-opinion-senator-nkechi-nwaogu-celebrating-mother-mentor-great-leader-her-new-age.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Nkiru Sylvanus]] - Awarding winning Nollywood actress * [[Nnamdi Kanu]] – founder of the [[Indigenous People of Biafra]] (IPOB), a separatist group.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-01|title=Be prepared to welcome independence of Biafra... - Nnamdi Kanu|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/be-prepared-to-welcome-independence-of-biafra-in-no-distance-future-nnamdi-kanu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sunday|first=Ochogwu|date=2021-06-08|title=I want to sit, talk with Nnamdi Kanu - Abia Gov, Ikpeazu|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/06/08/i-want-to-sit-talk-with-nnamdi-kanu-abia-gov-ikpeazu/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Nnamdi Udoh]] - Aeronautical Engineer * [[Ndubuisi Ekekwe]] - Notable Inventor * [[Nnenna Elendu Ukeje]] - Female Politician * [[Nwabueze Nwokolo]] - British Lawyer * [[Nwankwo Kanu]] – Two time African Footballer of the year and [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal FC]] legend.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kanu: The lanky boy who shook the world at Atlanta '96 {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/17742/olympics/2016/08/04/26213082/kanu-the-lanky-boy-who-shook-the-world-at-atlanta-96|access-date=2021-06-30|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-13|title=Kanu Nwankwo confirms sale of Papilo FC|url=https://www.thecable.ng/kanu-nwankwo-confirms-selling-papilo-fc|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[OC Ukeje]] – Lagos-based Multiple Award Winning Nollywood actor<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-01|title=The Top 50 Ultimate Nigerian Gentlemen of 2018|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/03/01/the-top-50-ultimate-nigerian-gentlemen-of-2018/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Ogbugo Kalu]] - Renowned Army Officer. * [[Oji Umozurike]], professor of law<ref>{{cite web |last1=Umozurike |first1=U.O. |title=The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Suggestions for More Effectiveness |url=https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=annlsurvey |website=digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu |publisher=Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law |access-date=19 September 2021 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920211905/https://digitalcommons.law.ggu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1116&context=annlsurvey |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ojo Maduekwe]] - Former Nigerian Politician. * [[Okechukwu Enelamah]] – former Minister for Trade and Investment (2015–2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|title=Nigerian Exporters Must Benefit From AGOA Before 2025—Minister|last=Emmanuel|first=Dayo|date=2018-06-29|website=National Wire|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20|archive-date=2020-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220042013/https://nationalwire.com.ng/nigerian-exporters-must-benefit-from-agoa-before-2025-minister/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Okezie Ikpeazu]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/gov-ikpeazu-gives-recipe-for-national-development/|title=Gov Ikpeazu gives recipe for national development|website=Punch Newspapers|date=6 July 2019|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/371749-breaking-supreme-court-affirms-ikpeazus-election-as-abia-governor.html|title=Supreme Court affirms Ikpeazu's election as Abia governor|date=2020-01-08|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-02-20}}</ref> – Abia State Governor * [[Olu Oguibe]] - Professor of art at the University of Connecticut and senior fellow at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC * [[Oluchi Onweagba]] - International model and first winner of M-Net Face of Africa * [[Onwuka Kalu]] - Business Mogul and co-founder of Fidelity Union Merchant Bank * [[Onyema Ogbuagu]] - Medical Researcher * [[Onyema Ugochukwu]] - First Executive Chairman of the Niger Delta Development Commission(NDDC) * [[Orji Uzor Kalu]] – chairman, [[SLOK Group]]; Former State Governor and one time Founder of [[Progressive Peoples Alliance|Progressive People's Alliance (PPA)]]; Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-09|title=Kalu resumes duty at Senate after release from Kuje Correctional Centre|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/06/kalu-resumes-duty-at-senate-after-release-from-kuje-correctional-centre/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Atuma]] – Canadian-Nigerian actor, screenwriter, film producer, director and CEO/Chairman TABIC Record Label. born in Ikwuano Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-05|title=INTERVIEW: It took two years to produce 'Clash', says Pascal Atuma|url=http://lifestyle.thecable.ng/interview-it-took-two-years-to-produce-clash-says-pascal-atuma/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=TheCable Lifestyle|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-12|title=#EndSARS: Filmmaker Pascal Atuma hails Nigerian youths, pens open letter to Buhari|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/endsars-filmmaker-pascal-atuma-hails-nigerian-youths-pens-open-letter-to-buhari/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Sun Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Pascal Ojigwe]] - Nigerian former professional footballer and Abia State Commissioner of Sports. * [[Paul Agbai Ogwuma]] – former Governor of Nigeria's Central Bank<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5XwuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Newswatch|date=2008|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cWEuAQAAIAAJ&q=Paul+Agbai+Ogwuma+Abia+-wikipedia|title=The News|date=1998|publisher=Independent Communications Network Limited|language=en}}</ref> * [[Randy Onuoha]], Professional Footballer. * [[Rosemary Inyama]] - Female Politician * [[Ruggedman]], Afro-Rap artiste.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-29|title=Ruggedman… Conscious vibes of rap apostle|url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182744/https://guardian.ng/life/music/ruggedman-conscious-vibes-of-rap-apostle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-17|title=Why I declined being running mate to Abia gov candidate, says Ruggedman|url=https://punchng.com/why-i-declined-being-running-mate-to-abia-gov-candidate-says-ruggedman/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[2Shotz]], AfroRap Artiste<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Alim|first1=H. Samy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9xWOAgAAQBAJ&dq=2Shotz+Abia+-wikipedia&pg=PA120|title=Global Linguistic Flows: Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language|last2=Ibrahim|first2=Awad|last3=Pennycook|first3=Alastair|author3-link=Alastair Pennycook|date=October 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-59299-8|language=en}}</ref> * [[Sam Acho]] - ESPN Sports Analyst and Veteran American Football Player. * [[Sam Ohuabunwa]] - Founder of Neimeth Pharmaceutical and Former President of the Pharmaceutical Society of Nigeria * [[Samuel Achilefu]] – Notable Inventor<ref>{{Cite book|last=Holmes|first=Keith|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoQvforsFZsC&q=Samuel+Achilefu+Abia+-wikipedia|title=Black Inventors: Crafting Over 200 Years of Success|date=May 2012|publisher=Global Black Inventor Resea|isbn=978-0-9799573-1-4|language=en}}</ref> * [[Samuel Chukwueze]] – Nigeria National Team football player<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-05|title=Samuel Chukwueze: Profile, Expert Analysis, Tactical Overview & Video|url=https://www.101greatgoals.com/news/samuel-chukwueze-profile-expert-analysis-tactical-overview-video/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Football (soccer) greatest goals and highlights {{!}} 101 Great Goals|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Adedayo|first=Tolu|date=2021-04-06|title=Top 5 Nigerian Footballers Playing in Europe's finest Leagues|url=https://www.brila.net/top-5-nigerian-footballers-playing-in-europes-finest-leagues/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Samuel Kalu]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer.<ref><nowiki>https://guardian.ng/samuel-kalu-is-latest-nigerian-in-watford-fc/</nowiki></ref> * [[Sunday Mba]] - Nigerian Professional Footballer *[[Theodore Orji]] – former State Governor and a serving Senator of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=Senator T.A Orji Emerges Best Performing Lawmaker In the National Assembly — AbaCityBlog|url=https://abacityblog.com/senator-t-a-orji-emerges-best-performing-lawmaker-in-the-national-assembly/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=abacityblog.com|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Jombo]], award-winning Nollywood actress.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-03|title=Uche Jombo Glows @40|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/01/04/uche-jombo-glows-40/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Macebuh Chinonyerem]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Mike Ezuruonye]] – Award-winning Nollywood actor.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-10|title=Brother Jekwu: Mike Ezuruonye's first fruit as a producer|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184252/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/brother-jekwu-mike-ezuruonyes-first-fruit-as-a-producer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Nwakanwa Chimaobi]] - Former member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uche Chukwumerije]] – 3-time Senator of Fed Rep of Nigeria; Former Nigerian Minister of Information and Culture; Former Biafran Minister of Information; Publisher Afriscope Magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-22 |title=Uche Chukwumerije (1939-2015) |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/uche-chukwumerije-1939-2015-2/ |access-date=2022-06-05 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uche Elendu]] - Nollywood actress * [[Uche Okechukwu]] – former Nigerian Team footballer<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-21|title=Uche Okechukwu, Ifejiagwa launch football academy|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181522/https://guardian.ng/sport/uche-okechukwu-ifejiagwa-launch-football-academy/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchechukwu N. Maduako]] - Former Member of the Abia State House of Assembly * [[Uchechukwu Sampson Ogah]] – Businessman and Politician<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-18|title=Why Abians Yearn for Uche Ogah|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/11/18/why-abians-yearn-for-uche-ogah-2/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Ikonne]] – Academic and Public Administrator<ref>{{Cite web|title=Administration – Abia State University Uturu|url=https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|access-date=2021-09-14|website=absuu.net|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914103446/https://absuu.net/?page_id=78|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Uchenna Kanu]] - Female Nigerian Professional Footballer * [[Ude Oko Chukwu]] - Deputy Governor of Abia State * [[Uko Nkole]] - Politician<ref><nowiki>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uko_Nkole#:~:text=Uko%20Ndukwe%20Nkole%20(born%2020,of%20the%20Nigerian%20National%20Assembly</nowiki>.</ref> * [[Uma Ukpai]] – evangelist.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-07|title=Biafra agitators are mad people, says Uma Ukpai|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/biafra-agitators-are-mad-people-says-uma-ukpai/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Umeh Kalu]] - Former Commissioner of Justice for Abia State. * [[Uzo Asonye]] - Partner at Davis Polk & Wardwell * [[Uzodinma Iweala]] – US-based medical doctor and author of the book ''[[Beasts of No Nation]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Egbedi|first=Hadassah|date=2015-10-16|title=Exclusive interview with Uzodinma Iweala, author, Beasts of No Nation|url=https://venturesafrica.com/exclusive-interview-with-uzodinma-iweala-author-beasts-of-no-nation/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Ventures Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Uzoma Emenike]]- Nigeria's Ambassador to the United States of America. * [[Victoria Inyama]] - Nollywood Actress. * [[Vincent Eze Ogbulafor]] - Former National Chairman of the People's Democratic Party * [[Waconzy]] - Musician * [[Yagazie Emezi]] - Award-winning photojournalist<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-19 |title=Yagazie Emezi |url=https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Invisible Borders |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127025157/https://invisible-borders.com/artist/yagazie-emezi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Yvonne Okoro]] - Ghanaian-Nigerian actress <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> == Manazarta == {{reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abia}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] 7kk2iw40tuh7lwxa94edi5ka320zizf 0 6801 905575 863165 2026-08-21T11:18:46Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Minna,Niger state City gate.jpg|thumb|Jihar niger]] [[Fayil:Assistance to Niger state farmer 21.jpg|thumb|Mataimakin manomin naija]] [[Fayil:Niger state flag.png|thumb|Tambarin jihar]] [[File:Nigerian number plate Niger.jpg|thumb|Lambar mota kenan ta niger]] [[File:Babbar kofar shiga makarantar poly ta Neja.jpg|thumb|babbar Kofar makarantar kimiyya da fasaha ]] '''Jihar Neja''' :Jaha ce dake [[Arewacin Najeriya|Arewa]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1598691-taaddanci-a-najeriya-za-a-fara-taron-tsaro-na-arewa-maso-yamma-a-katsina/&ved=2ahUKEwiWkobo5_OGAxWZV0EAHQHRClkQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw10dbpVxzvnqTlelv3kJ-tv</nowiki></ref> ta tsakiyar [[Najeriya]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/06/labour-to-govs-on-minimum-wage-retrieve-nigeria-from-state-of-resentment-misery/amp/&ved=2ahUKEwiA2qvH5_OGAxUHX0EAHUkhJq0QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&usg=AOvVaw1xrDFRYeKUzdGjZnG6mDTb</nowiki></ref>. Tana da yawan fili kimanin kilomita dubu saba'in da shida da dari uku da sittin da uku (76,363 ), da yawan jama’a kimanin miliyan uku da dubu dari tara da hamsin da hudu da dari bakwai da saba'in da biyu, kidayar yawan jama'a na shekara ta dubu biyu da shida (2006) da ya gabata. Babban birnin jahar shine a ke kira da [[Minna]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://sunnewsonline.com/nigerian-army-inter-brigade-competition-ends-in-minna/&ved=2ahUKEwiDv4KH6POGAxVKZ0EAHRHKAaUQxfQBKAB6BAgFEAE&usg=AOvVaw1Sd164NNdIpTAPVRMOfJq2</nowiki></ref>. Jihar [[Neja]] na cikin jihohi talatin da shida 36, na Najeriya Takenta shi ne '"''Power State"''' saboda tana da madatsun ruwa guda uku (3) da ke samar da kusan kashi saba'in 70% na wutar lantarkin [[Najeriya]]. ===Kafawa=== An kafa jihar Neja ne a ranar uku 3 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar dubu daya da dari tara da saba'in da shida 1976 daga rusasshiyar jihar Arewa maso Yamma a zamanin mulkin Janar [[Murtala Mohammed]].<ref>Federal Republic of Nigeria. (1976). ''States (Creation and Transitional Provisions) Decree No. 12 of 1976.'' Lagos, Nigeria: Government Printer.</ref> Jihar tana a shiyyar arewa ta tsakiya mai yanki mafi girma wanda ya kai kusan 80000km2, tare da kusan kashi saba'in 70% na gonaki da [[Noma a Najeriya|noma]]. Jihar Neja tana iyaka da Jihar [[Zamfara]] ta bangaren Arewa, Yamma da Jihar [[Kebbi]], Kudu da Jihar [[Kogi]], Kudu maso Yamma da Jihar [[Kwara]], Arewa maso Gabas da Jihar [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] da kuma Kudu maso Gabas da [[Abuja]]. Haka kuma jihar tana da iyaka ta kasa da kasa da jamhuriyar [[Benin]] tare da kananan hukumomin [[Agwara]] da [[Borgu (yanki)|Borgu]] zuwa Arewa maso Yamma.<ref>https://nigerstate.gov.ng</ref><ref>''Annual Abstract of Statistics'', 2021 Edition. Abuja, Nigeria.</ref> Jahar ta Neja tana da manyan mutane da dama wadanda suka rike manyan mukamai a kasar Najeriya sannan jiha ce wacce ta ke da tsofaffin shugabannin kasa na Najeriya har guda biyu a lokacin mulkin soja, wato [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida]] (IBB) mai ritaya da kuma [[Abdulsalami Abubakar|Abdusalami Abubakar]] mai ritaya dukkaninsu mutanan Jahar ta Neja ne.<ref>"Kainji Lake National Park". United Nations Environment Programme: World Conservation Monitoring Centre. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 21 October 2010.</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-58791596|date=4 October 2021|accessdate=10 October 2021|publisher=[[BBC]]|title= Boko Haram ta mamaye garuruwa da dama a jihar Neja}}</ref><ref>keetu (15 September 2018). "List of Accredited Courses Offered in Poly Zungeru (Niger State Polytechnic Zungeru)". Retrieved 6 August 2021.</ref> ==Manyan kananan hukomomin Jahar== Manyan kananan hukumomin Jahar su ne kamar haka: [[Chanchaga]], Bosso da kuma kananan hukumomin [[Bidda]], [[Suleja]] da kuma [[Kontagora]].<ref>Ibeh, Royal (28 December 2022). "Baro Inland Port: Shippers Council Reopens Niger Area Office". Leadership. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</ref> ==Yarukan Jahar.== Manyan yarukan jihar sun haka ne da [[Nupe|Nufanchi]], [[Hausa]], Gbagi da kuma [[turanci]] inda yankunan Bidda da Agaie da kuma Lapai, Mokwa suka fi yawan masu amfani da yaren Nufanci, Yankin Kontagora, Kagara, Mariga, Mashegu Rijau, Suleja suke da mafi rinjayen masu amfani da yarukan Hausa. Paikoro, Chanchaga, Bosso, Edati da dai sauransu suna amfani da saura yarukan a matsayin masu rinjaye.<ref>vanguard (17 March 2017). "Crude oil deposits found in Bida basin in Niger State". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 5 January 2023.</ref> [[File:Nigerian Male Processing Yam for Food.jpg|thumb|al'adar daka doya a jihar Niger]] ==Tarihi.== Akwai wuraren tarihi sosai a jahar ta Neja musamman a garin Zungeru inda kuma a nan ne turawan Yamma suka saka hannu domin hadewan Najeriya kasa daya daga sauran yankuna sannan a wannan garin ne gwamnan farko na Najeriya ya yada zango a matsayin hedikwata gareshi. Alhaji ''Umar Farouk Bahago'' shi ne sarkin Minna. Jihar Neja tana da iyaka da misalin jahohi shida, sune: [[Abuja|Babban birnin tarayya]], [[Kwara]], [[Kogi]], [[Kaduna]](jiha)| Kaduna]], [[Kebbi]] kuma da [[Zamfara]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Niger-state-Nigeria|title=Niger &#124; state, Nigeria |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> ===Gwamnoni.=== [[Fayil:Assistance to Niger state farmer 15.jpg|thumb]] Jerin sunayen Gwamnonin jihar Neja. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Niger_State ==Kananan Hukumomi.== Jihar Neja tana da [[kananan hukumomin Nijeriya|kananan Hukumomi]] guda ashirin da biyar (25). Sune: *[[Agaie]] *[[Agwara]] *[[Bida]] *[[Borgu]] *[[Bosso, Nigeria|Bosso]] *[[Chanchaga]] *[[Edati]] *[[Gbako]] *[[Gurara]] *[[Katcha, Nigeria|Katcha]] *[[Kontagora]] *[[Lapai]] *[[Lavun]] *[[Magama, Nigeria|Magama]] *[[Mariga, Nigeria|Mariga]] *[[Mashegu]] *[[Mokwa]] *[[Munya, Nigeria|Munya]] *[[Paikoro]] *[[Rafi, Nigeria|Rafi]] *[[Rijau]] *[[Shiroro]] *[[Suleja]] *[[Tafa]] *[[Wushishi]] == Ilimi. == Jihar Neja na da manyan jami'oi na ilimi wadanda suka hada da: === Jami'o'i a jihar Neja === * Federal Polytechnic, Bida<ref>Keetu (19 August 2017). "List Of Accredited Courses,Offered In Federal Polytechnic Bida (Fed Poly Bida)". Retrieved 26 August 2021.</ref><br /> * [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Federal University of Technology Minna]]<ref>https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-bida-fed-poly-bida/</ref> * [[Niger State Polytechnic|Niger State Polytechnic, Zungeru]].<ref>"Updated List of Courses Offered In FUTMINNA forJAMB 2021,Registration". ''O3schools''. 5 March 2021. Retrieved 26 August 2021.</ref>. * [[Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University]] Lapai<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/ibb-university-vc-visits-oil-exploration-site-at-gulu-commends-nnpc/</ref> * Federal College of Education Kontagora<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/provost-fce-kotangora-bags-kidcs-award-of-grand-commander-of-intellectual-discourse/</ref> * Niger State College of Nursing Bida<ref>"Niger State School of Nursing Gets Full Accreditation – THISDAYLIVE"</ref> * School of Basic Midwifery Minna<ref>"Niger State School of Nursing Gets Full Accreditation – THISDAYLIVE"</ref> * Government Technical College Eyagi, Bida<ref>"Eyagi Community jubilates as Government Technical College in Bida, Niger State receives furniture from MTN Foundation"</ref> * Government Technical College Minna<ref>https://gazettengr.com/buhari-regime-spends-n106-million-to-construct-college-hall-in-minna/</ref> * Government Technical College Bussa * Niger State College of Education Minna<ref>https://www.bing.com/ck/a?!&&p=641d41f52c8c259dJmltdHM9MTcxOTI3MzYwMCZpZ3VpZD0yNDE5NGEyMS03NTBiLTZiYjItMzNmMi01ZTg1NzRhMTZhMTkmaW5zaWQ9NTE5Mg&ptn=3&ver=2&hsh=3&fclid=24194a21-750b-6bb2-33f2-5e8574a16a19&psq=niger+stae+college+of+education+minna&u=a1aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2VtaW5uYS5lZHUubmcv&ntb=1</ref> * New Gate College of Health Science and Technology Minna ==== Sanannun Mutane. ==== Sanannun mutane na jihar Neja sun hada da : * Mohammed Umar Bago, gomnan jihar * Sheikh Ahmed Abdullah<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmed_Abdullah</ref>, tsohon ministan noma<ref>"Climate: Niger in Nigeria". Worlddata.info. Retrieved 3 December 2022</ref> == Yaruka. == An jero yarukan jihar Neja dangane da ƙananan hukumomin da ake amfani da su;<ref>"Nigeria". ''Ethnologue'' (22 ed.). Retrieved 26 August 2021.</ref><ref>"Nigeria". Ethnologue (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020</ref> {| class="wikitable" !LGA !Languages |- |Agaie |[[Nupe language|Nupe]], [[Dibo language|Dibo]]; [[Kakanda language|Kakanda]]; |- |Agwara |[[Shingini language|Cishingini]] |- |Bida |Nupe, BassaNge, [[Gwari language|Gbari]] |- |Borgu |[[Busa language (Mande)|Busa]], Bisã; [[Boko language|Boko]]; Cishingini; [[Laru language|Laru]]; [[Reshe language|Reshe]] |- |Chanchaga |[[Basa-Gumna language|Basa-Gumna]]; Bassa-Gurmana; Gbagyi; Gbari; Nupe; [[Kamuku languages|Kamuku]]; [[Jijili language|Tanjijili]] |- |Edati |Nupe, BassaNge |- |Gbako |Nupe |- |Gurara |[[Gwandara language|Gwandara]], Gbagyi |- |Katcha |Nupe, Dibo; [[Kupa language|Kupa]] |- |Kontagora |Acipa, Eastern; [[Asu language (Nigeria)|Asu]]; [[Shingini language|Tsishingini]]; [[Vadi language|Tsuvadi]] |- |Lapai |Nupe, Dibo; Gbari; [[Gupa-Abawa language|Gupa-Abawa]]; Kakanda; Kami; |- |Magama |[[Lopa language|Lopa]]; [[Kimba language|Tsikimba]]; Tsishingini; Tsuvadi |- |Mariga |[[Baangi language|Baangi]]; [[Basa-Kontagora language|Bassa-Kontagora]]; [[Cipu language|Cicipu]]; [[Kamuku languages|Kamuku]]; Nupe; Rogo; [[Shama language|Shama-Sambuga]]; Tsikimba; Tsishingini; Tsuvadi |- |Mashegu |Asu; Tsikimba; Tsishingini; Nupe-Tako |- |Minna |Nupe; Gbari; Gbagyi |- |Mokwa |Nupe, Yoruba; Gbari |- |Munya |Adara |- |Paikoro |Gbari; Kadara |- |Rafi |Basa-Gurmana; Bauchi; Cahungwarya; Fungwa; Gbagyi; Gbari; Kamuku; Pangu; Rogo; Shama-Sambuga |- |Rijau |Fulani; C'Lela; Tsishingini; Tsuvadi; ut-Hun |- |Shiroro |Gbagyi; Gurmana; Bassa |- |Suleja |Gbagyi; Gbari; Gwandara; Nupe; Tanjijili |- |Wushishi |Hausa; Nupe; Gbari |} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] == Manazarta. == {{reflist|2}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Niger}} nv1l6zjdaqh9fb3lucrcqrr6nlr2nkg 0 7003 905568 833478 2026-08-21T11:03:47Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:E-Library, Delta State, Nigeria. 2.jpg|thumb|wajan karatu]] [[File:Delta state Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku, Delta state 12.jpg|thumb|makarantar kimiyya da fasa ]] '''Jihar Delta''': Jiha ce dake kudu maso kudancin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta samo sunanta ne daga yankin Niger Delta<ref>"Niger Delta | geographical region, Africa | Britannica". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2022-03-04.</ref> - wacce mafi akasarinta ke cikin jihar. An kirkiri jihar ne daga yankin tsohuwar [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Jihar Bendel]] a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Agustan, shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara da cassa'in da daya wato (1991). Jihar Delta ta hada iyaka da Jihar [[Edo]] daga arewa, daga gabas kuma da jihohin [[Anambra]] da [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], sannan daga kudu kuma da Jihar [[Bayelsa]], sannan daga yamma kuma da yankin ''Bright of Benin,''<ref>"Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". ''www.citypopulation.de''. Retrieved 2022-03-11.</ref> wacce ta mamaye a kalla kilomita dari da sittin 160 na yankin ruwayen garin. An kirkiri jihar ne daga farko da kananan hukumomi Sha biyar 15 a shekarar 1991, sai daga baya aka kara ta koma sha tara 19, sannan daga bisani kuma zuwa kananan hukumomi ashirin da biyar. Babban birnin Jihar itace [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] wacce ke yankin Kogin Neje daga karshen arewa maso Gabashin jihar, a yayin da [[Warri]] ke taka rawa a matsayi cibiyar kasuwancin daga kudu maso yammacin gabar ruwan jihar. Acikin jihohi talatin da shida 36 da ke a kasar Najeriya, Jihar Delta ita ce ta ashirin da uku a fadin kasa kuma ita ce ta sha biyu 12 a yawan jama'a da mutane kimanin miliyan biyar da dugo shida 5.6 a bisa kiyasin kidayar shekara ta dubu biyu da sha shida 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved 14 December dubu biyu da ashirin da daya 2021.</ref> Jihar, ta fuskar yanayin kasa ta kasu zuwa Mangrove na Afirka ta tsakiya daga yankin ruwa na kudu maso yamma da kuma dajika masu kwari irin na Najeriya wacce ta mamaye daukacin jihar da kuma dazuka masu fadama daga kuryar Kudancin jihar. Wani muhimmi al'amari a jihar sune gabar [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Nej]]<nowiki/>a da rassan sa da kuma Sauran ruwayen kaman [[Kogin Forçados]] wanda ke gudana daga yammaci da gabashin iyakokin Jihar Delta kuma ya fada Kogin Neja, da kuma [[Kogin Escravos]] wacce ke kwarara ta [[Warri]] sa'annan kuma yawancin yankunan ruwayen garin na dauke ne da dimbin dananan rafuka wadanda suka samar da akasarin yammacin [[Niger Delta]]. Mafi akasarin dabbobi da ake samu a yankin sun hada da; kadoji, tsuntsaye Parrot, nauyin kerkeci na ''African fish eagle,'' da birai na Mona, da kuma damisan Afirka, da kuma nau'in biran chimpanzee na Najeriya da Kamaru.<ref>Lameed, GA (2009). "Potential impact on biodiversity in kwale's forest reserve by power plant establishments". ''African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development''. '''9''' (30): 1878–1900. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.18697/ajfand.30.1750. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 240141039. Retrieved 19 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ijeomah, HM; Oruh, EK (2015). "Wildlife based business activities in Ogbe–Ijaw market of Delta state, Nigeria". ''Journal of Agriculture and Social Research''. '''12''' (2). Retrieved 19 December 2021.</ref> [[Fayil:Flag of Delta State.gif|thumb|Logon jihar Delta]] Jihar Delta ta yau ta kunshi kabilu da dama na tsawon lokaci wanda suka hada da [[Mutanen Isoko|kabilar Isoko]] da [[Harshen Eruwa]] wanda suka mamaye yankunan tsakiyar jihar; [[kabilar Ukwuani]] daga gabas; yayinda [[Mutanen Ika|kabilar Ika]], [[Mutanen Olukumi|Olukumi]] da kuma [[Ozanogogo]] suka mamaye arewa maso Gabashin jihar; Anioma daga arewa maso yamma; kabilu Ijaw, Itsekiri, Urhobo, da Uvwie daga yankin arewa maso yamma. Kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka, yankin Jihar Delta ta yau ta kasu zuwa masarautu masu mulkin kansu kamar su [[Masarautar Warri|MasaraWarri]] da [[Masarautar Agbon]] kafin su zamo yankin mulkin mallakar Turawa na Oil River Protectorate a shekara ta dubu daya da dari takwas da tamanin da hudu 1884. A shekara ta dubu daya da dari tara 1900, Turawa sun hade yankin (wato Niger Coast Protectorate) da yankin Mulkin Mallakan Turawa na Kudu wacce daga bisani ta zamo Najeriya ta Burtaniya. Duk da haka, Turawan mulkin mallaka basu gama samun cikakken iko akan yankin ba sai a shekarar 1910 a dalilin rikice-rikicen [[Ekumeku Movement]]. Kamar yadda aka sani, acikin Jihar Delta akwai yankunan da ke karkashin ikon kasar Faransa wanda turawan Burtaniya suka sake wa Faransa [[Yankunan Forcados da Badjibo]] a tasakanin shekara ta 1903 zuwa shekara ta 1930. Bayan samun 'yancin kai, yankin Jihar Delta ta yau na daga cikin yankin [[Jihar Yammacin Najeriya]] bayan samun 'yancin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar 1963, lokacin da aka raba yankin kuma jihar ta fada karkashin [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya ta Najeriya]]. Haka zalika a shekarar 1967 ne yankin Inyamurai watau tsohuwar [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya]] ta suka so kafa sabuwar kasar [[Biyafara]] kuma suka kaiwa [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya]] hari tare da nufin kame Jihar [[Lagos]] kuma su kawo karshen [[Yakin basasar Najeriya|Yakin]] amma an hanasu kuma an kora su na dan lokaci amma daga baya suka kame yankin (harda Jihar Delta ta yau) suka rada mata suna [[Jamhuriyar Benin (1967)|Tarayyar Benin]]. Acikin wannan hali, anyi kazamin barna a tsakanin sojojin Biyafara da kuma mutane mazauna yankin Jihar Delta ta yau, tare da kisan gilla da 'yan Bifara ke yiwa 'yan ainihin kabilun [[Hausawa|Hausa]], [[Urhobo]] da kuma [[Mutanen Ijaw|Kabilar Ijaw]]; haka zalika, sojojin Najeriya a yayin amsar jihar sun gudanar da [[Kisan kiyashin Asaba]] ga mutanen asalin yaren Igbo. Yakin ya kawo karshe kuma an mayar da [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya]] cikin Najeriya, har zuwa shekarar 1976 lokacin da aka sauya mata suna zuwa [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Jihar Bendel]]. A shekarar 1991, an raba Jihar Bendel, arewacinta ta zamo [[Edo|Jihar Edo]], yayinda kudancinta ta zamo Jihar Delta.<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December2021.</ref> Tattalin arzikin jihar<ref>"Brief History of Delta State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''www.nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2022-03-11.</ref> sun ta'allaka ne akan samar da man fetur da gas, a matsayin daya daga cikin muhimman jihohin dake samar da man fetur a Nejeriya.<ref>Akanbi, Festus (19 September 2021). "As Anambra, Kogi Join Oil-producing States". ''[[ThisDay]]''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref> Kadan daga cikin muhimman masana'antun sun hada da noma yayin da jihar ke samar da isashhen [[manja]], [[doya]] da [[rogo]] dangane da kamun/kiwon kifi da samar da fure. Dangane da albarkacin man fetur, jihar ita ce ta hudu acikin [[Jerin Jihohi Najeriya dangane da Ma'aunin Cigaban Jama'a]] a kasar; duk da haka, rikice-rikice tsakanin kamfanonin mai da kuma mutanen garin sun kawo cikas dangane da cin hanci da rashawa wanda suka janyo rashin ci gaba musamman a yankunan da ake hako man.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved 15 December 2021.</ref><ref>Ebiri, Kelvin (17 November 2019). "Oil-producing communities reek of poverty despite over N10t 13% derivation". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 21 December2021.</ref> == Yanayin kasa == [[Fayil:Danube Delta ESA23450088.jpeg|thumb|Yanayin kasa Delta]] Jihar na da fadin fili na kimanin 18,050 km² (6,970 sq mi) wanda fiye da kashi 60% doron kasa ne. Jihar na nan a lambobin wuri a kalla 5°00' da 6°45' E da kuma 5°00'da 6°30' N.<ref>Ebewore, Solomon Okeoghene (2020-01-01). "Rural Folks Perception of Suicide Drivers in rural communities of Delta State, Nigeria: Implications for Societal and Agricultural Security". ''Open Agriculture''. '''5'''(1): 50–62. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/opag-2020-0005. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 2391-9531.</ref> Tana nan a [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiyan Najeriya]] kuma ta hada iyaka da Jihar [[Edo]] daga arewa, daga gabas kuma da jihohin [[Anambra]] da  [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], sannan daga kudu kuma da Jihar [[Bayelsa]], sannan daga yamma kuma da yankin ''Bright of Benin'' wanda ya mamaye kilomitoci 160km na yankin ruwan jihar. Jihar Delta na kan kwari ne ba tare da tudu ko guda ba. Akwai yankunan ruwa da dama a jihar wadanda suke hade da koramu wanda suka samar da yankin [[Niger Delta|Kogin Niger Delta]].<ref>"Brief History of Delta State:: Nigeria Information & Guide". ''www.nigeriagalleria.com''. Retrieved 2021-07-12.</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiri Jihar Delta ne daga tsohuwar Jihar Bendel a ranar 27 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 1991.<ref>"Seven sharp facts about Delta State". ''BBC News Pidgin''. 2019-02-06. Retrieved 2020-09-04.</ref> An samar da jihar ne a sanadiyyar riritawa don samar da jiha ta daban da mutanen ainihi na Gundumar Delta suka yi.<ref>Alabi, Tope (2017-03-21). "10 things we bet you didn't know about Delta State". ''Information Nigeria''. Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> Haka zalika akwai bukata ta sabuwar jihar mai suna "Jihar Anioma" wanda ta hada da yankunan [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] da [[Agbor]] na yankin tsohuwar Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya.<ref>Alabi, Tope (2017-03-21). "10 things we bet you didn't know about Delta State". ''Information Nigeria''. Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> Shugaban kasa soja na lokacin Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida]] ya zaba Jihar Delta tare da [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] wata shahararriyar birnin a yankin arewa maso yammacin [[Niger Delta|Niger]] a matsayin babban birnin jihar. Jihar Delta ta kasance a da daga cikin Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya daga shekarar ta 1963 zuwa ta 1976, daga bisani kum Jihar Bendel a tsakanin shekara ta 1976 zuwa shekaran ta 1991. Sunan "Bendel" ta samo asali daga tsaffin gundomomin Benin da Delta na Yankin Yammacin Delta don nuna muhimmancin gundumomin guda biyu (Benin da Delta).<ref>Oseni, Z. I. (1987-01-01). "Modern Arabic and Islamic studies in Bendel state of Nigeria". ''Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs Journal''. '''8''' (1): 183–192. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1080/02666958708716027. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] 0266-6952.</ref> == Mutane == Mazauna Jihar Delta sun hada da kabilu kamar haka: [[Urhobo]], [[Mutanen Isoko|Isoko]], [[Mutanen Ika|Ika]], Aniocha-Oshimili, [[Mutanen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]], da kuma [[Mutanen Olukumi|Olukumi]].<ref>Alabi, Tope (2017-03-21). "10 things we bet you didn't know about Delta State". ''Information Nigeria''. Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> [[Fayil:Abavo Market (Delta State, Nigeria) (2386307032).jpg|thumb|Mutanen Delta]] Kabilar [[Urhobo-Isoko]] na da mafi rinjayen mutane kuma a yanzu akwai mutum akalla miliyan 2.6 a jihar.<ref>"Unveiling Nigeria - state". ''www.unveilingnigeria.ng''. Retrieved 2022-04-20.</ref> Gungun yaruka na Iboid na jihar sun hada da [[Mutanen Anioma]] (mutanen gari mai kyau).<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ujah/article/view/166014/155449^{[''[[Wikipedia:Bare URLs|bare URL PDF]]'']}</ref> kabilar Itsekiri na amfani da yare mai kama da yarbanci amma yana da alaka da al'adun [[Mutanen Edo|kabilar Edo]] na Jihar Edo, hadi da yarukan Urhobo da Ijaw. Kabilar Ijaw mutane ne masu alaka da makwabtansu na Jihar Bayelsa,<ref>"Showcasing The Ijaw Culture and People of Bayelsa from South-South Nigeria - Courtesy The Scout Association of Nigeria". ''www.scout.org'' (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> yayinda yaren Olukumi suka fara bacewa ta fuskar al'ada da yare,<ref>Arokoyo, Bolanle (January 2020). "OLUKUMI DOCUMENTATION AND REVITALIZATION". ''[[ResearchGate]]''. Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> a dalilin cudanya da wasu harsunan. == Gwamnati == An zabi [[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi]], dan takara a karkashin jam'iyyar PDP a matsayin gwamnan Jihar Delta a cikin watan Afrilun 2015.<ref>"Okowa wins Delta guber poll, Ogboru threatens suit". ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 2015-04-14. Retrieved 2021-06-24.</ref> Mataimakinsa shi ne [[Kingsley Otuaro]].<ref>"Delta State Government". Retrieved 2021-06-24.</ref> Jihar na da mazabu uku (Arewa, Kudu da Tsakiya). Sanatocin da aka zaba a zaben shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2013 sune [[James Manager]], [[Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi]] da kuma Emmanuel Aguariavwodo wanda ya maye gurbin [[Pius Ewherido Akpor|Pius Ewherido]] wanda ya rasu a shekara ta 2013 a Asibitin Tarayya dake Abuja.<ref>"delta state history". ''MYSCHOOLLIBRARY''. Retrieved 2021-06-24</ref> An zabi Chief Ighoyeta Amori a zaben shekara ta 2015, amma an soke nasa zaben kuma an rantsar da Sanata [[Ovie Omo-Agege]] a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar Delta ta Tsakiya.<ref name=":0">"DELTA POLITICS: How providence smiled on Senator Ovie Omo-Agege". ''Vanguard News''. 2021-04-18. Retrieved 2021-06-24.</ref><ref name=":0" /> [[James Manager]] ya koma kujerarsa kuma an zabi [[Peter Nwaoboshi]] a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar Arewacin jihar. [[Fayil:Delta State House of Assembly entrance.jpg|thumb|Majalissar dokokin jihar Delta]] === Gwamnatocin gaba da na baya === *[[Ifeanyi Okowa]] - a ranar 29 ga watan Mayu shekaran ta 2015 har zuwa yau PDP<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://deltastate.gov.ng/former-administrations | title=Past Administrations &#124; Delta State Government | access-date=2022-08-17 | archive-date=2019-09-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905151925/http://deltastate.gov.ng/former-administrations | url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Emmanuel Uduaghan]] -a ranar 29 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2007 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayun 2015 ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-22|title=Ex-Delta gov, Uduaghan, bows to pressure, set to return to PDP|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/09/ex-delta-gov-uduaghan-bows-to-pressure-set-to-return-to-pdp/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[James Ibori]] - a ranar 29 Mayun 1999 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayun 2007 ([[People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=AfricaNews|date=2017-02-04|title=Ex Nigerian governor who stole $250m returns home after release from UK jail|url=https://www.africanews.com/2017/02/04/ex-nigerian-governor-who-stole-250m-returns-home-after-release-from-uk-jail/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Africanews|language=en}}</ref> *[[Walter Feghabo]] - a ranar 12 ga watan Augustan 1998 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayun 1999 (mulkin soja) *[[John Dungs]] - 22 Augustan 1996 zuwa 12 Augustan 1998 (mulkin soja) *[[Ibrahim Kefas]] - a ranar 26 ga watan Satumba 1994 zuwa 22 ga watan Agustan 1996 (mulkin soja)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=Take A Tour Of Gbagi's Exquisite Villa|url=https://cherrylmedia.com/2021/05/21/take-a-tour-of-gbagis-exquisite-villa/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=CHERRYL MEDIA|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203801/https://cherrylmedia.com/2021/05/21/take-a-tour-of-gbagis-exquisite-villa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Bassey Asuquo]] - a ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1993 zuwa 26 Satumban 1994 (mulkin soja)<ref>{{Cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Odang|date=2021-03-13|title=General Sani Abacha -|url=https://rainbownigeria.com/2021/03/13/general-sani-abacha/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203614/https://rainbownigeria.com/2021/03/13/general-sani-abacha/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Abdulkadir Shehu]] - 17 November 1993 - 10 December 1993 (mulkin sojay)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delta State Current Affairs: Delta State Governors (1991 - Date)|url=http://deltastatecurrentaffairs.blogspot.com/p/delta-state-governors-1991-date.html|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Delta State Current Affairs}}</ref> *[[Luke Chijiuba Ochulor]] - 28 August 1991 - January 1992 (mulkin soja)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-04-04|title=Delta 2015 and the Anioma quest for equity|url=https://businessday.ng/analysis/article/delta-2015-and-the-anioma-quest-for-equity/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Felix Ibru]] - January 1992 - November 1993 ([[Social Democratic Party|SDP]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust|url=https://dailytrust.com/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Daily Trust|language=en}}</ref> == Kananan Hukumomi == [[File:Delta State Athletics logo.png|thumb|logo na jihar Delta]] Jihar Delta tana da adadin [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|Kananan hukumomi]] guda ashirin da biyar (25), an kawo su a jere a jadawalin dake kasa tare da kasafin kidayar shekara ta 2006: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Shiyar Sanata na Tsakiyar Jihar Delta !! 1,575,738 !! !! Shiyar Sanata ta Jihar Delta ta Arewa !! 1,293,074 !! !! Shiyar Sanata ta Jihar Delta ta Kudu !! 1,229,282 |- | [[Ethiope ta Gabas]] || 200,942 || || [[Aniocha ta Arewa]] ||104,062|| || [[Bomadi]] || 86,016 |- | [[Ethiope ta Yamma]] || 202,712 || || [[Aniocha ta Kudu]] || 142,045 || || [[Burutu]] || 207,977 |- | [[Okpe]] || 128,398 || || [[Ika ta Arewa maso Gabas]] || 182,819 || || [[Isoko ta Arewa]] || 143,559 |- | [[Sapele, Nigeria|Sapele]] || 174,273 || || [[Ika ta Kudu]] || 167,060 || || [[Isoko ta Kudu]] || 235,147 |- | [[Udu, Nigeria|Udu]] || 142,480 || || [[Ndokwa ta Gabas]] || 103,224 || || [[Patani, Nigeria|Patani]] || 67,391 |- | [[Ughelli ta Arewa]] || 320,687 || || [[Ndokwa ta Yamma]] || 150,024 || || [[Warri ta Arewa]] || 136,149 |- | [[Ughelli ta Kudu]] || 212,638 || || [[Oshimili ta Arewa]] || 118,540 || || [[Warri ta Kudu]] || 311,970 |- | [[Uvwie]] || 188,728 || || [[Oshimili ta Kudu]] || 150,032 || || [[Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma]] || 116,538 |- | || || || [[Ukwuani]] || 119,034 || || || |} ==Kananan hukumomi da harsuna== Harsunan Jihar Delta dangane da kananan hukumominsu:<ref name=e22>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/NG|title=Nigeria|work=Ethnologue|edition=22|access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | [[Aniocha ta Arewa]] || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] |- | [[Aniocha ta Kudu]] || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] |- | [[Burutu]] || [[Harshen Izon|Izon]] |- | [[Bomadi]] || [[Harshen Izon|Izon]] |- | [[Ethiope ta Gabas]] || [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]] |- | [[Ethiope ta Yamma]] || [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]] |- | Ika ta Arewa || [[Ika language (Nigeria)|Ika]] |- | [[Ika ta Kudu]] || [[Ika language (Nigeria)|Ika]] |- | [[Isoko ta Arewa]] || [[Isoko language|Isoko]] |- | [[Isoko ta Kudu]] || [[Isoko language|Isoko]] |- | [[Ndokwa ta Gabas]] || [[Ukwuani language|Ukwuani]] |- | [[Ndokwa ta Yamma]] || [[Ukwuani language|Ukwuani]] |- | [[Oshimili ta Arewa]] || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] |- | [[Oshimili ta Kudu]] || [[Harshen Ibo|Igbo]] |- | Okpe || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] |- | Patani || [[Harshen Izon|Izon]], [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]] |- | [[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]]|| [[Urhobo language|Urhobo]], |- | Udu || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] |- | [[Ughelli ta Arewa]] || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] |- | [[Ughelli ta Kudu]] || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] |- | Ukwuani || [[Harshen Ukwuani|Ukwuani]] |- | [[Uvwie]] || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]] |- | [[Warri ta Arewa]] || [[Harshen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]], [[Harshen Izon|Izon]] |- | [[Warri ta Kudu]] || [[Harshen Urhobo|Urhobo]], [[Harshen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]] |- | [[Warri ta Kudu maso Yamma]] || [[Harshen Izon|Izon]], [[Harshen Itsekiri|Itsekiri]] |} == Albarkatun kasa == Akwai ma'adanai iri-iri a jihar kamar su: [[Industrial plasticine|industrial clay]], [[Silicon dioxide|silica]], [[lignite]], [[Kaolinite|kaolin]], [[Oil sands|tar sand]], duwatsu na ado, [[limestone]] da dai sauransu.<ref>"Delta State Government". Retrieved 2021-06-25.</ref> Ana amfani da wadannan ma'adanai a ma'aikatu wajen hada ceramic, kwalba, gilasai, alli, wayoyi, da makamantansu.<ref>"Delta State". ''Commodity Nigeria''. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2021-06-25.</ref> Har ila yau, akwai tarin arzikin man fetur a Jihar Delta, kuma tana daya daga cikin muhimman garuruwan da ke samar da kayan da ake hadawa daga man fetur a Najeriya. Tattalin arzikin jihar sun ta'allaka ne matuka a wajen cinikin man fetur. == Manyan Makarantu == Makarantun gaba da sakandare na jihar sun hada da:<ref>"Alabi, Tope (2017-03-21). "10 things we bet you didn't know about Delta State". ''Information Nigeria''. Retrieved 2020-09-23.</ref> *[[Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal University of Petroleum Resources|url=https://site.fupre.edu.ng/?fupre=news&id=84|access-date=2021-06-25|website=site.fupre.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075613/https://site.fupre.edu.ng/?fupre=news&id=84|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Delta State University, Abraka|Delta State University]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria. Principal Officers|url=https://www.delsu.edu.ng/administration.aspx|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.delsu.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603002248/https://delsu.edu.ng/administration.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro]] *[[University of Delta, Agbor]] *[[Delta State Polytechnic]]s (Polytechnic guda biyu, daya a [[Oghara]], daya a [[Ogwashi Ukwu|Ogwashi-Uku]])<ref>{{Cite web|title=Delta State Polytechnic - Otefe Oghara|url=https://ogharapoly.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=ogharapoly.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019111310/https://ogharapoly.edu.ng/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://mydspg.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku|language=en-US}}</ref> *Makarantar wasan kwakwayo na Film and Broadcast Academy, [[Ozoro]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-18|title=Film and Broadcast Academy holds convocation today|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/film-and-broadcast-academy-holds-convocation-today/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075611/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/film-and-broadcast-academy-holds-convocation-today/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Kwalejin Ilimi [[Warri]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Imperatives Of Turning Agbor College Of Education To A University Of Education|url=https://independent.ng/the-imperatives-of-turning-agbor-college-of-education-to-a-university-of-education/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref> *Federal College of Education Technical, [[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Federal College of Education (Technical) Asaba|url=https://portal.fcetasaba.edu.ng//|access-date=2021-06-25|website=portal.fcetasaba.edu.ng}}</ref> *Kwalejin Ilimi, Mosogar<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-01|title=Delta State College of Education Mosogar/DELSU affiliate degree programme matriculates 634 Students|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/12/delta-state-college-of-education-mosogar-delsu-affiliate-degree-programme-matriculates-634-students/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *Delta State College of Health Technology, [[Ughelli]] *[[Petroleum Training Institute]], [[Effurun]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.edusbaze.com/tag/www-pti-edu-ng/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051744/http://www.edusbaze.com/tag/www-pti-edu-ng/ |archive-date=2017-01-18 |title=PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE (PTI) Archives - Edusbaze}}</ref> *[[Western Delta University]], [[Oghara]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-07|title=Western Delta University Cut Off Mark 2021/2022 Departmental Cut Off|url=https://www.currentschoolnews.com/school-news/western-delta-university-cut-off-mark/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Current School News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Novena University]], Ogume-Amai<ref>{{Cite web|title=Novena University|url=https://novenauniversity.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[National Open University of Nigeria]] (three study centres, one at Asaba, one at [[Emevor]] and another at [[Owhrode]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Owhrode Community Study Centre {{!}} National Open University of Nigeria|url=https://nou.edu.ng/node/2078|access-date=2021-06-25|website=nou.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075613/https://nou.edu.ng/node/2078|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Emevor Community Study Centre {{!}} National Open University of Nigeria|url=https://nou.edu.ng/node/2140|access-date=2021-06-25|website=nou.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075613/https://nou.edu.ng/node/2140|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=study_centres_view {{!}} National Open University of Nigeria|url=https://www.nou.edu.ng/study-centres-view?field_geo_political__value=All&page=1|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.nou.edu.ng|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075613/https://www.nou.edu.ng/study-centres-view?field_geo_political__value=All&page=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> *Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official Site - DESOMATECH|url=https://www.dsmt.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.dsmt.edu.ng}}</ref> *[[Nigeria Maritime University]], Okerenkoko, [[Warri]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-11|title=Homepage|url=https://www.nmu.edu.ng/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=NMU|language=en-US}}</ref> *Conarina School of Maritime & Transport Technology, Oria-[[Abraka]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facilities & Location – Conarina Maritime Academy|url=https://conarinamaritimeacademy.com/facilities-location/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075614/https://conarinamaritimeacademy.com/facilities-location/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *University of Information and Communication Technology, [[Agbor]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ololube|first1=Nwachukwu|last2=Agbor|first2=Comfort|last3=Major|first3=Nanighe|last4=Agabi|first4=Chinyere|last5=Wali|first5=Worlu|date=2016-08-17|title=2015 Global Information Technology Report: Consequences on knowledge management in higher education institutions in Nigeria|url=https://www.learntechlib.org/p/173453/|journal=International Journal of Education and Development Using ICT|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|issn=1814-0556}}</ref> *State School of Midwifery, [[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Admission into Delta State Schools of Nursing and Midwifery Programmes{{!}} Nursing World Nigeria - Nursing Jobs, Forum and News|url=https://www.nursingworldnigeria.com/2021/01/admission-into-delta-state-schools-of-nursing-and-midwifery-programmes|access-date=2021-06-25|website=www.nursingworldnigeria.com}}</ref> *School of Nursing (two schools, one at [[Agbor]] and another at [[Warri]])<ref>{{Cite web|last=Metro|first=Asaba|date=2019-02-19|title=Delta State Examination Committees Commence Sales of Forms into State Schools of Nursing and Midwifery|url=https://www.asabametro.com/delta-state-examination-committees-commence-sales-of-forms-into-state-schools-of-nursing-and-midwifery/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Asaba Metro|language=en-US}}</ref> *Baptist School of Nursing, [[Eku]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=School Of Nursing Eku {{!}} Delta State|url=https://www.africabizinfo.com/NG/school-of-nursing-eku|access-date=2021-06-25|website=AfricaBizInfo|language=en|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625075612/https://www.africabizinfo.com/NG/school-of-nursing-eku|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Edwin Clark University]], Kiagbodo<ref>{{Cite web|title=Edwin Clark University Nigeria|url=https://www.campus.africa/university/edwin-clark-university/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=campus.africa|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *Eagle Heights University, Omadino, Warri<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-21|title=The Warri university and Delta's triangle of development|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/06/warri-university-deltas-triangle-development/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *Admiralty University of Nigeria at [[Ibusa]] and [[Sapele]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Overview – Admiralty University Of Nigeria|url=https://adun.edu.ng/overview/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Wuraren bude idanu == A Jihar Delta, akwai wuraren tarihi, al'adu da zamantakewa na siyasa, wuraren bude idanun da ke jan hankalin 'yan kallo daga ko'ina a fadin duniya.Wasu daga cikin wadannan wurare sun hada da:<ref name=":0" /> * '''Fadar Nana (The Nana's Palace)''' wanda Chief [[Nana Olomu]] na Ebrohim ya gina. Ya shahara a karni na 19, kuma dan kasuwa ne na garin da yayi hulda da turawa. Daga baya huldar ta baci. An mamaye daga baya (ba tare da anyi fada ba) sai suka koma kasar Ghana. Abubuwan da ya bari sun hada da katafaren fadar sa dake gidansa.{{cn|date=June 2022}} * '''Rafin Ethiope ''' iwanda ake ikirarin cewa shine ruwa mafi zurfi acikin garuruwan Afurka (zurfi 176&nbsp;km). Mabubbugar ruwan na kusa da wani katafaren bishiya silikin auduga dake Umuaja a karamar hukumar Ukwuani sannan tana kwararar ta kananan hukumomin jihar source is at the foot of a giant silk-cotton tree at Umuaja in Ukuami sannan su kwarara zuwa Sauran yan kananan hukumomin jihar. Wurin bauta ne na addinin gargajiya na Olokun sannan kuma wurin bautar na mabiya addinin Agbe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-25|title=River Ethiope: Wonders of river that sprang from cotton tree|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/river-ethiope-wonders-river-sprang-cotton-tree/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * '''Yankin Bible na Araya '''wanda ke dauke da kwafi na Littafin mai tsarki na Bible. An yarda da cewa Littafin Bible ya sauka a wannan yankin cikin al'ajabi daga sama a cikin watan Augusta, 1914. Littafin na bible ya sauko ne acikin wani jikakken doya daga ruwan sama amma bai jike ba. Yankin na janyo dubunnan mabiya addinin kirista duk shekara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Araya Bible Site Delta State :: Nigeria Information & Guide|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Delta/Araya-Bible-Site-Delta.html|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.nigeriagalleria.com}}</ref> * '''Demas Nwoko Edifice '''wanda aka gina da kayan aiki na gargajiya, tsari da salon gini na cigaban mutanen Igbo wanda [[Demas Nwoko]] wani mai zane, ma gini kuma mai fasaha na duniya daga garin Idumuje-Ugboko, a karamar hukumar Aniocha ta Arewa, Jihar Delta.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sijuwade|first=Amber Croyle|title=A new master's house: The architect decolonising Nigerian design|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/8/10/a-new-masters-house-the-architect-decolonising-nigerian-design|access-date=2021-07-12|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}</ref> * '''Gidan shakatawa na "Mungo Park House"''' wanda a yanzu Gidan Tarihi ne na Kasa, a [[Asaba, Delta|Asaba]]. [[Royal Niger Company]] suka gina gidan a shekara ta 1886 kuma turawa sunyi amfani dashi a matsayin hedikwatan, gidan sojojin, hedikwatan gidan Gwamnatin turawa, gindin RNC, da kuma mazauni Gundumar Birni a lokuta daban daban.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-09-02|title=Destination. . . Mungo Park House|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/destination-mungo-park-house/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712095228/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/destination-mungo-park-house/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * '''Gabar tekun [[Ogulagha]] Beach''' * Gadar '''[[River Niger Bridge (Onitsha)|Niger Bridge]]''' wacce ta hade Jihar Delta (daga yammacin Najeriya) zuwa yankin Gabashin Najeriya. Wuri ne mai kyawun gani wacce aka kammala a shekara ta1995 akan kudi ki manin miliyan £5. An lalata ta a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya, amma daga bisani an gyara ta.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Niger Bridge – Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/niger-bridge/|access-date=2021-07-12}}</ref> * '''Lander Brothers Anchorage, Asaba''' wanda aka gina don tunawa da Turawan Birtaniya da suka fara ziyartar Najeriya. Babban gindin na dauke da gidan tarihi, makabarta, da zane da rubuce-rubuce da dama. Akwai irin jirgin 'Yan uwan suka yi amfani dashi. {{cn|date=June 2022}} * '''Falcorp Mangrove Park''' * '''Makabartar ta Musamman na Masarautar Warri''' makabarta ce da ta kai kimanin shekaru 512 kuma tana matsayin makwancin sarakunan Masarautar Warri. Akwai shuka da aka gina a kowanne kabari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-08|title=Investigation: Illegal oil exploration destroying Warri Royal Cemetery|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/01/investigation-illegal-oil-exploration-destroying-warri-royal-cemetery/|access-date=2021-07-12|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Shahararrun mutane == <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> *[[I Go Dye|Francis Agoda]] aka I Go Dye, shahararren dan wasan barkwanci na yankin Afurka kuma Jakadan [[United Nations]]' [[Millennium Development Goals]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=STAR COMEDIAN, I GO DYE APPOINTED UN MDGs AMBASSADOR {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/star-comedian-i-go-dye-appointed-un-mdgs-ambassador/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Alibaba Akpobome]], Dan wasan barkwanci kuma jarumi fim{{cn|date=June 2022}} *[[Venita Akpofure]], 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na Birtaniya da Nan, kuma video vixen{{cn|date=June 2022}} *[[Eyimofe Atake]], Babban alkalin SAN (Senior Advocate of Nigeria)<ref name = Guardian>{{Cite news|title=Congestion in courts is killing advocacy, says Atake|url=https://guardian.ng/features/congestion-in-courts-is-killing-advocacy-says-atake/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-09-30|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728103856/https://guardian.ng/features/congestion-in-courts-is-killing-advocacy-says-atake/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Atakebirth">{{Cite news|title=EYIMOFE ATAKE CELEBRATES 60TH|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/02/25/eyimofe-atake-celebrates-60th/|language=en-US|access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref> *[[FOM Atake]], alkalin Najeriya (1967-1977) kuma Sanatan a gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya (1979-1982)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2003/04/13/editorial-franklin-oritse-muyiwa-atake-1926-2003/|title= EDITORIAL: Franklin Oritse-Muyiwa Atake (1926 – 2003)| date=13 April 2003|accessdate=29 January 2022|publisher= [[This Day (Nigeria)|This Day Newspaper]]}}</ref> *[[John Aruakpor|Rt Rev'd John U Aruakpor]] Bishop, Anglican Diocese na Oleh<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Rt Revd John Usiwoma Aruakpor on World Anglican Clerical Directory|url=https://www.worldanglican.com/nigeria/oleh/the-church-of-nigeria-anglican-communion/the-rt-revd-john-usiwoma-aruakpor|access-date=2021-06-24|website=World Anglican Clerical Directory|language=en}}</ref> *[[Michael Ashikodi Agbamuche]], tsohon Attorney General & Ministan Shari'a a Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-05-16|title=Former Nigeria Attorney General's son, others under investigation over N200mn fraud {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/134602-former-nigeria-attorney-generals-son-others-under-investigation-over-n200mn-fraud.html|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Udoka Azubuike]], kwararrun dan wasan kwallon kwando na ƙungiyar [[Utah Jazz]], yayi wasa a kwalejin [[University of Kansas]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Played Profile|url=http://kuathletics.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=8612|website=KUAtletics.com|date = 2016-04-14}}</ref> *[[Bovi]], dan wasan barkwanci na Najeriya, mai daukar nauyin wasanni, jarumi kuma mai tsara skit<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-15|title=Bovi Ugboma Will Speak At NECLive8 On Sunday, April 25|url=https://thenet.ng/bovi-ugboma-will-speak-at-neclive8-on-sunday-april-25/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Nigerian Entertainment Today|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[J. P. Clark|John Pepper Clark]], farfesan Turanci na farko a Afirka, mahikayanci kuma marubuci.<ref>{{Cite web|title=John Pepper Clark {{!}} Biography, Works, & Facts|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Pepper-Clark|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> *[[David Dafinone]], shahararren accounter/ɗan siyasa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-01|title=David Dafinone (1927-2018): A chartered accountant par excellence|url=https://guardian.ng/features/a-chartered-accountant-par-excellence/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625020846/https://guardian.ng/features/a-chartered-accountant-par-excellence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Paul Dike]], tsohon Chief of Defence Staff<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chief of Defence Staff, History of The Highest Commissioned Military Officer in Nigeria – NTA.ng – Breaking News, Nigeria, Africa, Worldwide|url=https://www.nta.ng/uncategorized/20150729-chief-of-defence-staff-history-of-the-highest-commissioned-military-officer-in-nigerian/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205232/https://www.nta.ng/uncategorized/20150729-chief-of-defence-staff-history-of-the-highest-commissioned-military-officer-in-nigerian/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Enebeli Elebuwa]], jarumin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-12-17|title=Aftermath of Enebeli Elebuwa's death, Stella Damasus blasts Nollywood - Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/111548-aftermath-of-enebeli-elebuwas-death-stella-damasus-blasts-nollywood.html|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Tony Elumelu]], [[United Bank for Africa|UBA]] da [[Heirs Holdings]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Africa|first=United Bank for|date=2020-09-23|title=Tony Elumelu named in "Time 100" list|url=https://www.ubagroup.com/tony-elumelu-named-in-time-100-list/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=UBA Group|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Godwin Emefiele]] gwamnan CBN na yanzu<ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Bank of Nigeria:: Board of Directors|url=https://www.cbn.gov.ng/aboutcbn/TheBoard.asp?Name=Mr.+Godwin+Emefiele+(CON)&Biodata=emefiele/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.cbn.gov.ng}}</ref> *[[Olorogun O'tega Emerhor]], dan siyasa kuma jagora ma'aikatar kudi na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-25|title=O'tega Emerhor at 60: A portrait of redemptive service|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/11/otega-emerhor-60-portrait-redemptive-service/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Erigga]], [[Nigerian]] [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] mawakin, marubuci waƙoƙi<ref>{{Cite web|last=The360reporters|date=2021-01-16|title=Erigga Net Worth 2021: Erigga Biography, Musics, Age, Cars, Houses And Net Worth 2021|url=https://the360report.com/erigga-biography-and-net-worth/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The360Report|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624210225/https://the360report.com/erigga-biography-and-net-worth/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Oghenekaro Etebo]], kwararrun dan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Football (Sky Sports)|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/player/144194/oghenekaro-etebo|access-date=2021-06-24|website=SkySports|language=en}}</ref> *[[Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin]], wanda ya kirkiri Christ Mercyland Deliverance Ministry<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-08|title=Suit against Fufeyin beginning of 'blackmail' against popular preachers, Cleric alleges|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/suit-against-fufeyin-beginning-of-blackmail-against-popular-preachers-cleric-alleges/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Harrysong]], mawaki dan Najeriya, marubuci ln waka kuma mai tsara kida<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-29|title=Harrysong Urges President Buhari To 'Stop Borrowing Money'|url=https://guardian.ng/life/harrysong-urges-president-buhari-to-stop-borrowing-money-to-fund-projects/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204705/https://guardian.ng/life/harrysong-urges-president-buhari-to-stop-borrowing-money-to-fund-projects/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[James Ibori]], tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Delta governor of Delta State<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-26|title=£4.2m Ibori loot: Accountant-general claims money still being awaited|url=https://editor.guardian.ng/breakingnews/4-2m-ibori-loot-accountant-general-claims-money-still-being-awaited/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Michael Ibru]], jagora kasuwanci<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=The amazing life of Olorogun Michael Ibru|url=https://businessday.ng/opinion/article/the-amazing-life-of-olorogun-michael-ibru/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Alex Iwobi]] tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa na kungiyar Arsenal kuma dan wasan kungiyar Everton Fc *[[Dumebi Iyamah]] mai kamfanin Andrea Iyamah Brand<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andrea Iyamah – Lagos Fashion Week|url=http://lagosfashionweek.ng/designer-directory/listing/andrea-iyamah/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Don Jazzy]], mawakin Najeriya kuma furodusa<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerians react to Don Jazzy revelation say e bin marry 18 years ago|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-56625660|access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref> *[[Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu]], tsoho Minista na Jiha, kan Albarkatun Manfetur na Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu,The Federal Republic of Nigeria {{!}} Energy Council|url=https://energycouncil.com/event-speakers/h-e-emmanuel-ibe-kachikwu/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Stephen Keshi]], tsohon ma tsaron baya, tsohon coach na super eagles<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stephen Keshi: Ranking Big Boss's best six Nigeria debutants {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/lists/stephen-keshi-ranking-big-bosss-best-six-nigeria-debutants/dow5it8glejk1ka43c57sm7ga|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> *[[Festus Keyamo]], Lauyan Najeriya kuma<ref>{{cite web |title=Festus Egwarewa Adeniyi Keyamo |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/index.aspx?pageid=118&whoswhoid=2673 |website=africa-confidential.com}}</ref> member na ƙungiyar Senior Advocate of Nigeria SAN *[[Lynxxx]], mawaki, dan kasuwa kuma jakada kamfanin Pepsi na farko a Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chukie "Lynxxx" Edozien|url=https://www.africansinyorkshireproject.com/lynxxx-chukie-edozien.html|access-date=2021-06-24|website=African Stories in Hull & East Yorkshire|language=en}}</ref> *[[Rosaline Meurer]], 'yar wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya haihifaffiyar Kasar Gambiya<ref>{{Cite news|title=Who be Rosaline Meurer, wey Tonto Dike ex-husband call Mrs Churchill?|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-56072140|access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref> <!-- *[[Uba A. Michael]], Nigerian politician and businessman<ref>{{Cite news|date=2012-11-17|title guber hopeful, Uba Michael meets with Reps member, Shina Peller|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/guber-hopeful-uba-michael-meets-with-reps-member-shina-peller/|access-date=2021-06-17|work=[[Vanguard News]]|language=en-US}}</ref> --> *[[Richard Mofe-Damijo]], ƙwararrun dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, marubuci, furodusa, lauya kuma tsohon kwamishinan al'adu da bude idanu na Jihar Delta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-07|title=Autochek unveils RMD as brand Ambassador|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/autochek-unveils-rmd-as-brand-ambassador/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Collins Nweke]], mutum na farko da ba Haifaffun Kasar Belgium ba daka fara zaba a ofishin siyasa a yankin West Flanders na Belgium<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chris|date=2019-06-16|title=Nigerians in Diaspora - Collins Nweke: Belgian-Based Nigerian politician|url=https://leadership.ng/nigerians-in-diaspora-collins-nweke-belgian-based-nigerian-politician/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205839/https://leadership.ng/nigerians-in-diaspora-collins-nweke-belgian-based-nigerian-politician/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Nduka Obaigbena]] wanda ya kirkiri, ThisDay & AriseTV<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-09|title=Media Mogul Nduka Obaigbena Now Patron of Nigerian Newspaper Owners|url=https://www.arise.tv/media-mogul-nduka-obaigbena-now-patron-of-nigerian-newspaper-owners/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Arise News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Sam Obi]], tsohon speaker kuma tsohon Gwamna na rikon kwarya na Jihar Delta<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-03|title=BREAKING: Former Delta Acting Governor, Sam Obi, is dead|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/breaking-former-delta-acting-governor-sam-obi-is-dead/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Sunny Ofehe]], dan fafutuka yancin dan Adam na kasa da kasa kuma mai kare 'yancin muhalli<ref>{{Cite web|title=Comrade Sunny Ofehe {{!}} Niger Delta Consortium|url=https://nigerdeltaconsortium.com/comrade-sunny-ofehe|access-date=2021-06-24|website=nigerdeltaconsortium.com|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204319/https://nigerdeltaconsortium.com/comrade-sunny-ofehe|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Kenneth Ogba]], dan siyasa<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/06/breaking-delta-lawmaker-kenneth-ogba-is-dead|title=BREAKING: Delta Lawmaker, Kenneth Ogba is dead|last1=Ahon|first1=Festus|last2=Akuopha|first2=Ochuko|date=27 June 2021|accessdate=28 June 2021|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}</ref> *[[Joy Ogwu]], tsohon wakili Najeriya na dundundin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ambassador U. Joy Ogwu {{!}} Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations, New York|url=https://nigeriaunmission.org/tag/ambassador-joy-ogwu/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=nigeriaunmission.org}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Tanure Ojaide]], farfesan Turanci kuma shahararren marubuci<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-05-20|title=When dons gathered in Port Harcourt, Abraka in honour of Tanure Ojaide@70|url=https://guardian.ng/art/when-dons-gathered-in-port-harcourt-abraka-in-honour-of-tanure-ojaide70/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203533/https://guardian.ng/art/when-dons-gathered-in-port-harcourt-abraka-in-honour-of-tanure-ojaide70/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Mandy Ojugbana]], mawaki<ref name="Asobele">{{cite book|last=Timothy|first=Asobele|title=Historical trends of Nigerian indigenous and contemporary music|date=2002|publisher=Rothmed International|location=Lagos|pages=53–56}}</ref> *[[Jay-Jay Okocha|Okocha]], tsohon kyaftin na kungiyar Super Eagles<ref>{{Cite news|title=Adepoju and Okocha: 'Stop looking for the next Jay-Jay'|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/55158240|access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref> *[[Blessing Okagbare]], dan wasa, wanda ya lashe kyauta a gasar [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] da [[World Athletics Championships]] a dogon tsalle, kuma wanda ya lashe kyauta ta duniya a gasar [[200 metres]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigeria Blessing Okagbare don set new Guinness World Record|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/sport-56014988|access-date=2021-06-24}}</ref> *[[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]], masanin tattalin arziki, kuma ƙwararren masanin cigaba na kasa da kasa, na kamfanin Boards of Standard Chartered Bank, Twitter, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization, da kuma African Risk Capacity<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-21|title=The World According to Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala {{!}} THISDAY Style|url=https://www.thisdaystyle.ng/the-world-according-to-ngozi-okonjo-iweala/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620043924/https://www.thisdaystyle.ng/the-world-according-to-ngozi-okonjo-iweala/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Chris Okotie]], [[Nigerian]] mawaki, televangelist, dan siyasa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-02-13|title=Gospel glamour: how Nigeria's pastors wield political power|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/13/gospel-glamour-how-nigerias-pastors-wield-political-power|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> *[[Ben Okri]], writer, [[Nigerian]] mahikayanci kuma mai rubuta littattafan novel<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ben Okri - Literature|url=https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/ben-okri|access-date=2021-06-24|website=literature.britishcouncil.org}}</ref> *[[Sunday Oliseh]], jagora kwallon kafa kuma tsohon dan wasa<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-18|title=The perfect defensive midfield player – Sunday Ogochukwu Oliseh|url=https://t.guardian.ng/sport/the-perfect-defensive-midfield-player-sunday-ogochukwu-oliseh/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204704/https://t.guardian.ng/sport/the-perfect-defensive-midfield-player-sunday-ogochukwu-oliseh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *[[Omawumi]], mawakiyar Najeriya, marubuciyar waka, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, jakadiyar talla na [[Globacom]], [[Konga]], Malta Guinness<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-16|title=We Can't Help But Love Omawumi Even More After This...|url=https://glamsquadmagazine.com/we-cant-help-but-love-omawumi-even-more-after-this/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=GLAMSQUAD MAGAZINE|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *[[Ovie Omo-Agege]], Lauyan Najeriya, dan siyasa<ref name="vanguardngr.com"/> *[[Dominic Oneya]], Brigadier General mai Rita ya na Sojojin Najeriya, tsohon chairman na ƙungiyar [[Nigeria Football Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-10-12|title=Robbers In Delta Kill Daughter Of Former NFA President, Dominic Oneya|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/10/12/robbers-delta-kill-daughter-former-nfa-president-dominic-oneya|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> *[[Bruce Onobrakpeya]], wanda ya lashe lambar yabo na 2006 UNESCO Living Human Treasure Award, amintacce a Jami'ar Western Niger Delta University{{cn|date=June 2022}} *[[Gamaliel Onosode]], technocrat dan Najeriya, dan siyasa kuma tsohon dan takarar shugabancin Kasar Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-09-29|title=How boardroom guru, Gamaliel Onosode died at 82|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/how-boardroom-guru-gamaliel-onosode-dies-at-82/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <!-- *High Chief Dr. [[Stephen Onovughakpor Akpotu]] (JP), Chairman, Movement for the Creation of Delta State, former President-General and Grand Patron of the Isoko Development Union (IDU), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Omo-Agege Mourns Former IDU PG, Onovughakpor Akpotu|url=https://www.heraldngr.com/2021/06/omo-agege-mourns-former-idu-pg.html/|website=Herald News|language=en-US}}</ref> --> *[[Orezi]], mawaki, marubucin wakoki<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-11|title=I have not had sex for about a year - Singer Orezi {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/252176-i-not-sex-year-singer-orezi.html|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Ayo Oritsejafor]], wanda ya ƙirƙiri Word of Life Bible Church<ref>{{Cite web|title=President of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN), and founder of Word of Life Bible Church, Warri, Pastor Ayo Oritsejafor has finally joined the league of wealthy clergy with private universities. {{!}} Encomium Magazine|url=https://encomium.ng/pastor-ayo-oritsejafor-builds-n2-5-billion-private-university-in-warri/|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Stephen Oru]], dan siyasa Najeriya, tsohon ministan harkokin Niger Delta<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-13|title=I'll promote N-Delta Ministry mandate —Oru|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/ill-promote-n-delta-ministry-mandate-oru/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Peter Godsday Orubebe]], dan siyasa, tsohon Minista na Jiha akan huldodin Niger Delta akan harkoki na musamman<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-31|title=Ex-Minister, Godsday Orubebe, who almost derailed 2015 election, to face trial for corruption {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/192426-ex-minister-godsday-orubebe-who-almost-derailed-2015-election-to-face-trial-for-corruption.html|access-date=2021-06-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> *[[Dennis Osadebay]], Dan siyasa Najeriya, lauya, mahikayanci, dan jarida <ref>{{Cite web|title=PressReader.com - Your favorite newspapers and magazines.|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/the-guardian-nigeria/20190922/281921659763954|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.pressreader.com}}</ref> *[[Onigu Otite|Prof Onigu Otite]], masanin zama take wa da harkokin al'umma<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-30|title=Onigu Otite: A founding father of Nigerian sociology|url=https://www.thecable.ng/onigu-otite-a-founding-father-of-nigerian-sociology|access-date=2021-06-24|website=TheCable|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Jim Ovia]], dan kasuwan Najeriya, wanda ya kirkiri bankin [[Zenith Bank]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jim Ovia|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/jim-ovia/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> *[[Tim Owhefere]], Dan siyasan Najeriya<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/breaking-delta-assembly-majority-leader-tim-ohwefere-is-dead|title=Breaking: Delta Assembly majority leader, Tim Ohwefere is dead|last=Ahon|first=Festus|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=28 June 2021|publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard Newspaper]]}}</ref> *[[Amaju Pinnick]], shugaba kungiyar [[Nigeria Football Federation]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=NFF President Pinnick wins Fifa Council seat by a landslide {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/nff-president-pinnick-wins-fifa-council-seat-by-a-landslide/10mlchsamz6fd1gx43jclfjhga|access-date=2021-06-24|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> *[[Igho Sanomi]], Dan kasuwan Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nsehe|first=Mfonobong|title=How Nigerian Oilman Igho Charles Sanomi II Built A Commodities Trading Giant|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2017/05/16/how-nigerian-oilman-igho-charles-sanomi-ii-built-a-billion-dollar-commodities-trading-giant/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> *[[SHiiKANE]], mawakin Najeriya na Afro-Pop, Pop, Afrobeat, Jazz, Dance, Gungun mawaƙan R&B *[[Zulu Sofola]], marubuciya ta farko da aka fara wallafa littafin ta a Najeriya kuma 'yar wasan drama, farfesan mace ta farko a fannin tsara wasannin a nahiyar Afurka<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian Female Dramatists: Expression, Resistance, Agency|url=https://www.routledge.com/Nigerian-Female-Dramatists-Expression-Resistance-Agency/Afolayan/p/book/9780367616106|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Routledge & CRC Press|language=en}}</ref> *[[:ha:Ojo Taiye|Ojo Taiye]], mawakin fasahan Najeriya, wanda ya lashe kyauta a gasar Wild 2019 Annual Poetry Prize<ref>{{Cite web|last=thehaywriters|date=2021-04-28|title=Nigerian Poet, Ojo Taiye, Wins 2021 Hay Writers Circle Poetry Competition.|url=https://thehaywriters.wordpress.com/2021/04/28/nigerian-poet-ojo-taiye-wins-2021-hay-writers-circle-poetry-competition/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=THE HAY WRITERS|language=en}}</ref> *[[Tompolo]], tsohon kwamadan sojojin Najeriya *[[Abel Ubeku]], Managing Director Bakin fata na farko a kamfanin Guinness Nigeria Plc<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-06-17|title=Dr. Abel K. Ubeku, 1936-2014: In memoriam|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/06/dr-abel-k-ubeku-1936-2014-memoriam/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Patrick Utomi]], farfesan Najeriya akan political economy and management expert, Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants of Nigeria kuma tsohon dan takarar shugabancin Najeriya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-01|title=Nigeria in mess because of bad leadership, says Utomi|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/nigeria-in-mess-because-of-bad-leadership-says-utomi/|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> *Senator [[James Manager]] Ebiowou, Dan siyasan Najeriya a mata in Sanata *[[Rachael Oniga]], 'Yar wasan kwaikwayon Najeriya *[[Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin]], wanda ya kirkiri kuma malamai a Christ Mercyland Deliverance Ministry (CMDM), Warri, Jihar Delta, Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christ Mercyland Deliverance Ministries – Arena of Solutions |url=https://christmercyland.org/ |access-date=2022-03-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Ayiri Emami]], dan kasuwa, dan siyasa, mai taimako al'umma. *[[Faithia Balogun]], 'Yar wasan kwaikwayon Najeriya, mai tsara Fina-finai, furodusa kuma darekta <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> *[[Isaiah Oghenevwegba Ogedegbe|Isaiah Ogedegbe]], faston kuma marubuci<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/iginla-teemac-others-eulogise-tb-joshua-at-posthumous-birthday/|title=Iginla, TeeMac, others eulogise TB Joshua at posthumous birthday|publisher=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> *[[Ruona Oghuvbu]], dillalan gidaje na Najeriya *[[Enebeli Elebuwa]], jarumin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ==Manazarta== {{reflist|4}} {{Jihohin Najeriya}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Delta}} [[Category:Jihohin Nijeriya]] /ref> hmviy16uzb4igi4hphi1sh2npyj1qq1 0 7011 905604 904105 2026-08-21T11:52:39Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Dr Adekunle Olayinka with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu GCFR as presidential-elect.jpg|thumb|Dr Adekunle olayinka with president bola Ahmed tinubu]] [[File:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu (5980497975).jpg|thumb|Asiwaju bola Ahmed tinubu ]] [[Fayil:Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visits Nigeria - 53089034336.jpg|thumb|Bola Tinubu Da '''Foreign Secretary James Cleverly''']] [[Fayil:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu (5980497975) (Cropped).png|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bola Tinubu portrait.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bola Ahmed Tinubu HRM Oba Saheed Ademola Oba Elegushi.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu and Chi Onwurah MP (5981056622).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bola Ahmed Tinubu HRM Oba Saheed Ademola Oba Elegushi.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Osinbajo-Tinubu.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Secretary Antony J. Blinken meets with Nigerian President Bola Tinubu in Abuja, Nigeria, January 23, 2024 - 1.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:ECOWAS members.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Bola Ahmed Tinubu Science Complex, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University.jpg|thumb|''')Bversity.jpg''']] [[Fayil:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu (5980497975).jpg|thumb|shugaban kasa]] '''Bola Ahmed Adekunle Tinubu:''' Shugaban Kasar Nijiria ne Mai dauke da sarautar Usuwaju Bola, ya kasance kwararren ɗan siyasar ne ana [[Najeriya]], kuma shugaban ƙasar Najeriya ne tun daga ranar 29 ga watan mayun shekara ta 2023.<ref> https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_Tinubu</ref> An haife shi a ranar 29 ga watan Maris na shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da Ɗari Tara da hamsin da biyu (1952) Miladiyya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Gwamnan [[jihar Legas]] daga shekara ta alif dubu ɗaya da Ɗari Tara da tasa'in da Tara (1999) zuwa shekara ta dubu biyu da bakwai (2007), haka yayi Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma, na wani dan gajeren lokaci a jamhuriyya ta uku (''Third republic'') .<ref> https://punchng.com/tinubu-returns-today-may-present-ministerial-list-after-sallah/ </ref> Bola Ahmed Tinubu shahararran ɗan siyasa ne a Najeriya wanda ke da sarautar Asiwaju a kasar Yarabawa, kuma Jagaban a Borgu ta [[Jihar Neja]], ya shahara a fagen siyasa da mulki a Najeriya baki daya. Ana kallon Asiwaju a matsayin wanda ya dade yana jan zarensa tun daga dawowar Najeriya kan mulkin demokuradiyya ta alif dubu daya da dari Tara da casa'in da Tara (1999), Tinubu ya kasance a matsayin uba a fagen siyasa sakamakon karfin fada a ji da yake da shi a siyasar kasar ta Yarbawa da ma Najeriya baki daya. Haka kuma ya kafa mutane da dama a Najeriya inda ya yi musu hanya suka samu mukamai a tarayya da jihohi. [[User:Ihayatu|Ihayatu]] ( [[User talk:Ihayatu|talk]]) 21:37, a ranar 30 ga watan Mayu shekarata 2023 (UTC)) <ref>{{cite web |last1=Ewepu |first1=Gabriel |title=CSOs calls on EFCC to investigate Tinubu over alleged money conveyed in bullion vans |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/csos-calls-on-efcc-to-investigate-tinubu-over-alleged-money-conveyed-in-bullion-vans/ |website=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] |date=25 October 2019 |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Olu |first1=Tayo |title=Petition Details Alleged Corrupt Activities Of Tinubu Since 1999 |url=https://thewhistler.ng/petition-details-alleged-corrupt-activities-of-tinubu-since-1999/ |website=The Whistler |date=29 July 2020 |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kperogi |first1=Farooq |author-link=Farooq Kperogi |title=Clarity On Tinubu's Age And Post-Secondary Education |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/clarity-on-tinubus-age-and-post-secondary-education/ |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |date=29 January 2022 |access-date=22 February 2022}}</ref> ==Tarihin Rayuwar Tinubu== An haife shi a Jihar [[Legas]], cikin iyalin Tinubu da suka yi fice a jihar ta legas a ranar 29 ga watan Maris shekarar alif dubu ɗaya da ɗari Tara da hamsin da biyu(1952). Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta St. John's da ke Aroloya da makarantar Children's Home a Ibadan, da ke kudu maso yammacin [[Najeriya]]. Daga nan sai ya wuce Kwalejin Richard Daley a Birnin Chicago da ke ƙasar [[Amurka]], bayan samun gurbin yin karatu a Kwalejin. Daga baya ya zarce zuwa Jami'ar jihar [[Chicago]], a Illinois inda ya kammala ya kuma fito da Digiri a Harkokin [[Kasuwanci]]. Tinubu ya kuma samu kyautar dalibi da yafi kwazo a Jami'ar da kuma shaidar karramawa a ɓangaren Akanta da Hada-Hadar kudi. Da zuwansa [[Amurka]] a shekarar 1975, da taimakon mahaifiyarsa, matashin mai hazaka, da kuma ke da himmar ganin ya cimma burinsa. Ya shiga yin ayyuka da za su kawo masa kudi kamar wanke tukwane a gidajen sayar da abinci da aikin gadi da kuma tuka motar-haya domin taimaka masa a bangaren karatunsa. Baiwar da yake da ita ce ta sa ya shiga jerin dalibai masu hazaka na Kwalejin Richard Daley da kuma ta kai har ya kammala karatu a Jami'ar jihar [[Chicago]] a shekarar alif 1979, inda ya fito da digiri a bangaren Kasuwanci. A shekararsa ta farko a Jami'ar [[Chicago]], an karrama shi da mukamin malami mai taimakawa (tutor), domin taimakon wasu 'yan uwansa dalibai da ke wadannan ajuzuwa. Yan uwansa dalibai da dama sun yaba taimakonsa a bangaren karatunsu wanda har ta kai su ga samun sakamako mai kyau. A tsawon shekaru da ya yi a jami'a, Tinubu ya kasance dalibi mafi hazaka wanda ya yi ta samun kyautar dalibi mai gwazo da kuma shaidar karatu a bangaren Akanta da hada-hadar kuɗi, inda kuma ya kare digirinsa da sakamako mai daraja ta sama. A matsayinsa na mai hankoron abubuwa masu kyau da za su zo, Bola ya tsaya tare da yin nasara a takarar shugaban ɗaliban nazarin Akanta da Hada-hadar kuɗi na jami'ar jihar [[Chicago]] a shekarar sa ta karshe.<ref>{{cite web |title=2023: Controversy Trails Tinubu's INEC Filings |url=https://dailytrust.com/2023-controversy-trails-tinubus-inec-filings |website=[[Daily Trust]] |date=26 June 2022 |access-date=26 June 2022 |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626053445/https://dailytrust.com/2023-controversy-trails-tinubus-inec-filings |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Essien |first1=Hillary |title=I didn't attend primary, secondary schools; my university certificates stolen by unknown soldiers, Tinubu tells INEC |url=https://gazettengr.com/just-in-i-didnt-attend-primary-secondary-schools-my-university-certificates-stolen-by-unknown-soldiers-tinubu-tells-inec/ |website=[[Peoples Gazette]] |date=24 June 2022 |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Abidoye |first1=Bisi |title=PT State of the Race: Tinubu's "lost" certificates and Wike's message to Atiku |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/539248-pt-state-of-the-race-tinubus-lost-certificates-and-wikes-message-to-atiku.html |website=[[Premium Times]] |access-date=1 July 2022}}</ref> ==Iyali== Asiwaju Bola Tinubu yana da mata ɗaya mai suna Oluremi Tinubu, wadda sanata ce mai wakiltar [[Jihar Legas]] ta tsakiya. Ta kasance mai fafutikar kare Hakkin jama'a da kuma mai ilimi da ake mutuntawa. Tana kuma gudanar da ayyukan jinkai wanda aka karrama da lambar girmamawa ta kasa ta Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON). Suna da 'ya'ya da kuma jikoki. [[File:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu (5980497975).jpg|thumb|Shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu.]] ==Aiki da kasuwanci== Kafin kammala karatunsa na digiri, Bola Tinubu ya samu aiki da kamfanin harkar akantanci na Arthur Anderson. Daga bisani kamfanin Deloitte Haskins (wanda ake kira da deloitte Haskins and Touche a yanzu) suka ɗauki hayarsa, bayan nan kuma sai ya yi aiki da GTE Service Corporation, wani babban kamfanin sadarwa a ƙasar [[Amurka]]. A kamfanin ''Deloitte Haskins and sells'', matashi kuma kwararre Bola ya fadada kwarewarsa ta hanyar shiga ayyukan dubawa da gudanarwa na ''General Motors'' da yin aiki a Babban Bankin Kasa na ''[[Chicago]]'' da kamfanin ''Procter and Gamble'' da ''International Harvester'' da ''General Electric'' da sauran kamfanoni. Bayan ganin kwarewarsa, kamfanin ''Deloitte sal'' ya dauki hayar Bola a matsayin jagoran mambobi da ke sa ido a kamfanin.<ref name="Bloomberg News Graft">{{cite news |last1=Clowes |first1=William |title=Graft Allegations Dog Nigeria's Main Presidential Hopefuls |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-22/presidential-hopefuls-in-nigeria-can-t-shake-graft-allegations |website=[[Bloomberg News]] |date=22 June 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Hundeyin |first1=David |title=Bola Ahmed Tinubu: From Drug Lord To Presidential Candidate |url=https://westafricaweekly.substack.com/p/bola-ahmed-tinubu-from-drug-lord |website=West Africa Weekly |date=13 July 2022 |access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Weiss |first1=Michael |title=Nigerian Pres' Svengali Tied to Heroin |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/nigerian-pres-svengali-tied-to-heroin |website=[[The Daily Beast]] |date=27 April 2015 |access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref> ===Dawowarsa Najeriya=== Bayan dawowarsa Najeriya da kuma samun gogewa a ɓangaren hada-hadar kuɗi, Tinubu ya fara aiki da Kamfanin Mai na Mobil a matsayin babban mai bincike wanda ta kai har ya zama ma'ajin kamfanin. A matsayinsa na mutumin da ba ya manta mafararsa da kuma alakarsa da al'umma, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya kasance mutumin da ya dauki hidimtiwa al'umma da muhimmanci. Ko da a Mobil, ya jagoranci hada-hada daban-daban na tara-kudi domin tallafa wa shirye-shiryen ci-gaban al'umma a [[Jihar Legas]]. Ya kuma jagoranci kungiyar Primrose, wata kungiyar siyasa da ke hankoron kawo canji a siyasar Jihar [[Lagos]]. Haka nan, Bola Tinubu ya yanke shawarar shiga aikin hidimar al'umma gadan-gadan ta hanyar ajiye babban matsayi da yake da shi a kamfanin Mobil. ==Fara Harkokin Siyasa== [[File:Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu and Chi Onwurah MP (5981056622).jpg|right|thumb|Tinubu a shekarar 2011]] Shigarsa ta farko fagen siyasa, ya fara ne da shiga sahu wajen kafa jam'iyyar SDP da shi. A shekarar 1992, aka zaɓe shi a matsayin Sanata da ke wakiltar Yammacin [[Jihar Legas]]. A [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattijai]], ya samu nasarar zama shugaban kwamitin da ke kula da bankuna, kuɗi da kasafi na Majalisar Dattawa wanda babban kwamiti ne na Majalisar Dattawan [[Najeriya]]. Bayan soke zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na ran 12 ga watan Yunin, 1993 da Gwamnatin Mulkin Soja Ta [[Ibrahim Babangida|IBB]] tayi da kuma kara wa'adin mulkin soja, Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya Shiga sahun gaba cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar masu rajin kare dimokradiyya da aka fi sani da NADECO. [[File:Bola Ahmed Tinubu HRM Oba Saheed Ademola Oba Elegushi.jpg |right| thumb| Tinubu tare da Sarki Oba Saheed Ademola da Sarki Elegushi a Shekarar 2017.]] Sun tunkari gwamnatin mulkin soji na wancan lokaci wajen ganin an dawo da tsarin dimokuradiyya a [[Najeriya]]. Bola Tinubu ya sha barazana ga rayuwarsa da musgunawa wanda har ta kai ga kamawa tare da tsare shi wanda hakan ya sa ya gudu ya bar kasar. Duk da haka bai karaya ba a gwagwarmayarsu ta neman tsarin dimokradiyya inda ya zama shugaban kungiyar ta NADECO da ke gudun hijira, inda ya ci gaba da hankoron ganin mulkin dimokradiyya da tsarin shugabanci a [[Najeriya]]. Neman da kungiyar NADECO ke yi daga baya ta sami yin nasara. Yayin da mulkin soja yazo karshe, Bola Tinubu ya dawo [[Najeriya]] a shekarar 1998, domin shiga sahun gaba na kawo cigaba da fahimtar juna. Tinubu ya shiga sahun mutane da suka kafa jam'iyar siyasa mai son ci gaba ta ''Alliance for Democracy'' ('''AD'''), inda ya samu nasarar zamantowa mai yi wa jam'iyyar takarar kujerar gwamna a [[jihar Legas]]. ==Zama Gwamnan Legas== Bayan samun nasarar zama gwamnan [[Jihar Legas]] a zabukan 1999, Tinubu ya jagoranci jihar har na tsawon shekara 8. Bayan shigar sa ofis a watan Mayun 1999, Bola Tinubu ya jawo hazikan mutane a cikin gwamnatinsa, wanda tare suka tsara kyakkyawan shiri na shugabancin [[Jihar Lagos|Jihar lagos.]] Ajanda 10 da gwamnatinsa ta mayar da hankali a kai sun kunshi ɓangaren ilimi da lafiya da samar da ayyukan yi da rage talauci, da samar da wutar lantarki da ruwan sha da tsarin zirga-zirga mai kyau da kula da muhalli da doka-da-oda da samar da abinci da kuma farfado da ɓangaren aikin gwamnati. [[File:One-Day Governor of Lagos State, 2007.jpg|thumb|Bola Ahmed Tinubu a matsayin Gwamnan Lagos a shekarar 2007]] Gwamnatin Tinubu, ta inganta tare da gyara tsarin mulki ta hanyar kirkiro da sabbin ma'aikatu irinsu ma'aikatar gidaje da ma'aikatar wasanni da ci gaban matasa da kuma ta harkokin mata da rage talauci. A tsawon mulkinsa, Asiwaju Tinubu ya kawo hazikai da kuma kwararru a cikin gwamnatinsa a matsayin kwamishinoni da kuma masu ba shi shawara a bangarori da suka kware. Ta hanyar tsare-tsare da aiwatarwa, gwamnatin Asiwaju Tinubu ta kara kasafin kudin [[Jihar Legas]] daga naira biliyan 14.200 a shekarar 1999 zuwa Naira biliyan 240.866 a shekarar 2007 domin Jihar ta samar da karin ababen more rayuwa ga al'ummarta. Gwamnatin Tinubu ta ci gaba da kiyaye rabon kasafin kudi na shekara da akalla kashi 60-40 bisa dari a kan kudin da ake kashewa na manyan ayyuka don tabbatar da an samar da ababen more rayuwa ga al'umma. Asiwaju Tinubu, ta hanyar kirkire-kirkire da sabbin tsare-tsare ya cire Jihar Lagos daga samun kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na Naira biliyan 14.64 a shekarar 1999 zuwa Naira biliyan 60.31 a shekarar 2006. Ya zuwa watan Maris din 2007, jihar ta samu kudin haraji a wata da ya kai naira biliyan 8.2. Wannan gagarumin kokari da gwamnatinsa ta samu a jihar [[Lagos]] ya biyo bayan bijiro da tsare-tsare da kuma aiwatar wa kamar kirkiro da tsarin bankin laturoni da tsarin sa ido a kudaden da ake tarawa da kaddamar da tsarin a na'ura mai kwakwalwa. Sannan akwai tsarin biyan haraji na laturoni da sake tsara gudanar da ma'aikatar kula da kudaden haraji na jihar da sake fasalta tsarin karbar kuɗin haraji da samar da bayanan masu biyan haraji. [[Jihar Legas]] karkashin jagorancin Bola Ahmed Tinubu ta zama abin koyi a bangaren tafiyar da aikin gwamnati da kirkire-kirkire da harkokin kudi. A watan Satumban, 2002, [[Legas]] ta kasance jiha ta farko a [[Najeriya]] da ta tara kudaden shiga masu yawa don bunkasa ababen more rayuwa. Jihar ta samu kudade ta hanyar karbo takardun lamuni domin aiwatar da ayyukan ci gaba kamar gyara hanyoyi da gina rukunin gidajen milenia da gina harkokin samar da ruwa da gyara kotuna da samar da wuraren zubar da shara da gina azuzuwa da sauran su. Jajircewar Tinubu da taimakon baiwar sa ta siyasa, Bola Tinubu ya hangi barazanar magudin zabe a 2003 daga Jam'iyyar PDP mai Mulki, inda abokansa a yankin kudu-maso-yamma suka saduda da kin yin kamfe na sake zabarsu, amma Tinubu ya bijiro da wani yakin neman zabe mai ma'ana kan irin nasarori da ya samu. Sauran gwamnonin Jam'iyar AD a jihohin [[Ondo]] da [[Osun]] da [[Ekiti]] da [[Ogun]] da kuma [[Oyo]] dukkansu sun gamu da cikas wajen sake zabarsu a shekarar 2003, a inda jam'iyyar PDP ta samu nasara. Bola Tinubu ya kasance mutum daya tilo da ya samu nasara a karkashin jam'iyar AD. Da irin nasarorin da ya samu a shugabancin [[Jihar Lagos]], ya samu nasarar kalubalantar gwamnatin tarayya ta fuskar siyasa da kuma shari'a. Saboda jajircewarsa a wannan lokaci, Bola Tinubu ya kasance mutum daya tilo da ya tsaya tsayin daka wajen hana [[Najeriya]] zama kasa mai tsarin jam'iyya daya.Ya kasance gwamnan jam'iyyar AD daya tilo a cikin jihohi 36 na [[Najeriya]]. Duk da haka, bai karaya ba, inda ya shiga sahun gaba wajen karfafa 'yan siyasa da ke son ci gaba. A 2007, 'yan siyasar da ke son ci gaba a kudu-maso-yammacin [[Najeriya]] suka dawo da martabarsu. Don sake zama babban dan siyasa na bangaren adawa, Bola Tinubu ya taka rawa wajen kirkiro da sabuwar jam'iyar ci gaba mai suna Action Congress (AC), wadda daga baya ta koma Action Congress of Najeriya (ACN). Jajircewar Tinubu ce ta kare [[Jihar Legas]] daga mamayar Jam'iyyar PDP, sai dai tsarin da ya bullo da shi ya taimaka masa wajen sake farfado da akidar siyasa wanda daga baya ya dawo da ci gaban shugabanci a fadin kudu maso yamma da kuma [[Jihar Edo]]. Idan za a rubuta tarihin wannan lokaci, Tinubu zai kasance a matsayin mutumin da ya tsaya tsayin daka wajen kawo tsarin siyasar ci gaba a yankin kudu-maso-yamma da kuma [[Najeriya]]. Za a san shi a matsayin mutumin da ya jajirce wajen hana jam'iyar PDP cimma burinta na gudanar da tsarin jam'iyya daya a kusa. Wadanda suke da ra'ayin mulkin dimokuradiyya a [[Najeriya]], tilas ne su jinjina gudummawar da Asiwaju Tinubu ya bayar. == Kafa jam'iyyar APC== A zaɓen 2015, Asiwaju ya zama babban mai goyon bayan hadewar jam'iyyarsa da wasu jam'iyyun adawa biyu Jam'iyyar CPC da kuma Jam'iyar ANPP domin kawo ƙarshen mulkin [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyar PDP]]. Jam'iyyun guda uku sun haɗe daga baya inda suka samar da jam'iyar All Progressive Congress (APC). Duba da rawa da ya taka wajen kafa jam'iyyar, an bai wa Tinubu mukamin jagoran jam'iyyar na kasa. A nan ma, ya sadaukar da burinsa na siyasa, domin karfafa jam'iyyar da ba ta fifiko a kasa baki daya. A shekarar 2015, jam'iyyar ta APC ta samu nasarar lashe zaben shugaban kasa na shekarar 2015, wanda karon farko da jam'iyyar adawa ta kada shugaba mai mulki a [[Najeriya]]. Tinubu ya taimaka wa Jam'iyyar ta APC wajen samun nasara. ==Takarar shugabancin Najeriya a jam'iyyar APC== A Ranar 22 Ga Watan Yuni Na Shekarar 2022, Bola Tinubu Yayi Sa'ar samun Tikitin takarar a Jam’iyyarsa Ta APC Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya samu nasarar ce da kuri'u dubu 1271 da masu zaɓe sama da dubu 2300 suka kwashe dare suna kadawa. Tsohon gwamnan Rivers [[Rotimi Amaechi]] ya zo na biyu da kuri'u 316, sai Mataimakin shugaban [[Najeriya]] [[Yemi Osinbajo]] a matsayi na uku da kuri'u 235 sai kuma shugaban Majalisar Dattawan [[Najeriya]] Ahmed Lawan da ya samu kuri'u 152. 'Yan takara 14 da suka fafata a zaɓen sun haɗa da Mista Chukwuemeka Nwajuba, Fasto Tunde Bakare, Mista Ahmed Rufa’i, Sanata Rochas Okorocha, Mista Jack Rich, Gwamna Ben Ayade, Gwamna David Umuahi, Asiwaju Bola Tinubu, Sen. Ahmed Yarima, Dr Ahmed Lawal, mataimakinsa. -Shugaban kasa Yemi Osinbajo, Mista Rotimi Amaechi, Gwamna Yahaya Bello da Mista Ogbonnaya Onu. ==Lashe Zaben Shekarar 2023== A ranar 1 ga Watan Maris 2023, Shugaban hukumar INEC, Farfesa Mahmood Yakubu ya sanar da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Legas]], Bola Tinubu a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2023, da kuri'a miliyan 8,794,726. [[File:Dr. Adekunle Olayinka with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu GCFR as presidential-elect.jpg|thumb|Shugaba Tinubu Tare da Dr. Adekunle Olayinka bayan cin Nasarar Zaben Shugaban Kasa na 2023.]] Tsohon matainmakin shugaban [[Najeriya]], [[Atiku Abubakar]] ne ke biye masa da kuri'u miliyan 6,984,520. Sai kuma ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Labour, Peter Obi wanda ya samu kuri'a miliyan 6,101,533. Tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Kano]], Sanata [[Rabi'u Musa Kwankwaso]] ne ya zo na huɗu da kuri'u miliyan 1,496,687. Amma Sai Dai Jam'iyyun adawa na PDP da LP sun ce ba za su karbi sakamakon ba bisa zargin tafka magudi a mazabu da dama, inda kuma suka ce za su garzaya kotu. An Rantsar da Ahmed Bola Tinubu a Ranar Litinin Ashirin da tare ga watan Mayu a Shekara ta Dubu biyu da a Shirin da Ukku. Bola Ahmed Tinubu ɗaya ne daga cikin manyan ‘yan siyasar Najeriya. Ga takaitaccen tarihinsa: Haihuwa da Asali An haife shi ranar 29 ga Maris, 1952 a Lagos. Ya fito daga jihar Lagos State. Karatu Ya yi karatu a Amurka, inda ya halarci Chicago State University. Ya kammala karatun Accounting (lissafi). Farkon Aiki Ya yi aiki a manyan kamfanoni kamar Mobil (ExxonMobil), inda ya samu kwarewa a fannin kuɗi. Shiga Siyasa Ya fara siyasa a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Lagos West a shekarar 1992. Bayan juyin mulki na soja, ya shiga fafutukar dawo da dimokuraɗiyya a ƙungiyar NADECO. Gwamnan Lagos Ya zama Gwamnan Lagos State daga 1999 zuwa 2007. A lokacin mulkinsa, ya kawo sauye-sauye a: Haraji da kudaden shiga Harkar sufuri Tsarin mulkin birni Shugaban Ƙasa A zaɓen 2023, ya tsaya takara a jam’iyyar All Progressives Congress. Ya lashe zaɓe, kuma aka rantsar da shi a matsayin Shugaban Ƙasa na Najeriya ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2023. Abubuwan Da Aka San Shi Da Su Ana kallonsa a matsayin jagora mai tasiri a siyasar Najeriya. Yana da tasiri sosai musamman a yankin kudu maso yamma ==Manazarta<ref>https://aminiya.ng/ba-zan-yi-murabus-a-siyasa-ba-sai-bayan-na-yi-mulkin-najeriya/</ref>== {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1952]] [[category:Gwamnonin Jihar Legas]] [[Category:Maza]] [[Category:Mutanan Nigeria]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] 9ipdhl08mypy4g50rxrzsxoqgavq7po 0 7055 905570 853425 2026-08-21T11:09:18Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Locator Map Asaba-Nigeria.png|thumb|150px|Wurin Asaba a cikin Najeriya]] [[File:Niger bridge.jpg|thumb|150px|Asaba.]] [[File:Asaba roundabout, Asaba, Delta state.jpg|thumb|Asaba roundabout delta state ]] [[Fayil:Summit road, Asaba.jpeg|thumb|wani birnine fake cikin Nigeria]] '''Asaba'''<ref>Isichei, Elizabeth Allo (1997). ''A History of African Societies to 1870''. Cambridge University Press. p. 249. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0-521-45599-5|<bdi>0-521-45599-5</bdi>]]. Retrieved December 13,2008.</ref> Wata Birni ce, dake cikin [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]], ana [[Najeriya]]. Tana nan daga yammacin gabar rafin [[Niger River|Niger]], ta karamar hukumar [[Oshimili South]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="www.asabaatl.org/about.html">{{cite web|url=http://www.asabaatl.org/about.html|title=Asaba Progressive Union|work=www.asabaatl.org/about.html|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507021814/http://www.asabaatl.org/about.html|archive-date=May 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="www.igbofocus.co.uk/about">{{cite web|url=http://www.igbofocus.co.uk/Before-the-Niger-Bridge-collap/before-the-niger-bridge-collapses-on-the-fiddling-government.html|title=The Politics of Second Niger Bridge|author=Okenwa Nwosu (Igbo Focus)|work=www.igbofocus.co.uk|date=January 2, 2014|access-date=April 21, 2016|archive-date=December 6, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151206083542/http://www.igbofocus.co.uk/Before-the-Niger-Bridge-collap/before-the-niger-bridge-collapses-on-the-fiddling-government.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Asaba na da yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 149,603 a kiadayar da ta gabata a shekara ta 2006,<ref>"FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census" (PDF). [[Wayback Machine]]. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 5, 2012. Retrieved July 25, 2016.</ref> da yawan mutane a birnin kimanin mutum dubu dari biyar.<ref>"A History and Tradition". ''Asaba Online''. Asaba Progressive Front. Archived from the original on 2007-09-15. Retrieved June 19, 2007.</ref> An san birnin Asaba da mu'ala iri-iri musamman a dalilin wuraren shakatawa da otel-otel dake garin, gidajen rawa, swuraren kallo na sinima, da wuraren shahulgula iri-iri. Akwai biki da ake gabatarwa duk shekara a garin wanda ake kira Delta Yaddah, ana tara mawaka a taron bikin. Ta'addanci yayi yawa a birnin saboda yawan jama'arta. Ta'addanci sun hada da yankan aljihu, kwace da sauransu. Akwai tsadar rayuwa a garin saboda mutane daga kasashen waje dake shigowa birnin. Gadar Onitsha itace iyaka tsakanin jihar Delta da Anambra, gadar ita ta raba Asaba da Onitsha.<ref>Isichei, Elizabeth (22 January 2009). "Historical Change in an Ibo Polity: Asaba to 1885". The Journal of African History. 10 (3): 421–438. doi:10.1017/S0021853700036367. Retrieved 29 September 2024.</ref> == Asalin Kalma == Kalmar Asaba ta samo asali ne daga kalmar ''Ahabam'' ma'ana "Na zaba da kyau" ko kuma "I have chosen well" da turanci, kalmar da aka hakayo daga '''Nnebisi,''' wanda shine asalin wanda ya samar da Asaba.<ref name="Leader5">{{cite news|url=http://leadership.ng/business/551667/great-goddess-and-shrine-of-asaba-people|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924163026/http://leadership.ng/business/551667/great-goddess-and-shrine-of-asaba-people|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2016|title=Great Goddess And Shrine Of Asaba People|date=23 September 2016|work=Leadership|access-date=4 February 2017}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Mafi akasarin mutanen Asaba inyamurai ne. == Tarihi == Birnin Asaba ta kasance a da babban birnin yankunan mulkin Turawa na kudanci Najeriya wato ''Southern Nigeria Protectorate''.<ref>"Asaba". ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved April 24,2016.</ref> An samar da birnin a shekara ta 1884.<ref>Letters from Nigeria,D.W. Carnegie,BiblioBazaar, LLC, [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-103-27100-9|978-1-103-27100-9]]</ref> A tsakanin 1886 da 1900, ita ke dauke da kamfanin [[Royal Niger Company]], wanda turawa suka kafa don habaka kasuwanci da fitar da kaya zuwa kasashen turai. Wannan kamfanin a yau shi ake kira da UAC Nigeria PLC. Matafiyin neman ilimi dan Faransa William B. Balkie, lokacin da yake waken yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da shugaban inyamurai Ezebogo a Asaba a ranar August 30, 1885, "Bayan gaisuwar mu, ina magana akan abota, ta kasuwanci, da ilimi, da kuma mafi muhimmanci akan sharrin yaki, da amfanin zaman lafiya, wanda duka anyi maraba da su".<ref>"BAIKIE, WILLIAM BALEOUR (1856). "Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the rivers of Kwora and Binue commonly known as Niger and TSADDA in 1885 with a map and appendices". ''ia600303.us.archive.org''. John Mueray, Albemarle Street (Published with a sanction of Her Majesty's Government). Retrieved April 24, 2016.</ref> Dangane da fitaccen tarihin Asaba da kuma labarin kasar ta, da kuma tasirinta a Najeriya ta fuskar siyasa da kuma kasuwanci, Ana yi wa Asaba lakabi da cibiyar yankin [[Anioma]].<ref>"Anioma: Nigeria 37th State in the Making". ''umuanioma.com''. Retrieved April 22, 2016.</ref> == Labarin Kasa == Asaba na kan wani bisa kwarin rafin Niger, daura da Rafin Anambara. A bayan wadannan rafuka akwai kurgunmin daji mai tarin itace. A tarihance wannan rafin Niger River ya kasance cibiyar sufuri tsakanin kasashen Afurka har zuwa tekun Atlantic Ocean. Asaba ta hada mahada tsakanin yammaci, gabaci da arewacin Najeriya hanyar rafin River Niger daga arewa da kuma gadar Rafin Niger, wanda yake gabas-maso-yammacin yankin kuma babban tambari ne na Najeriya.<ref name=":0">"About Asaba". ''asaba.com/about/''. Retrieved April 21, 2016.</ref> Asaba na nan daga degree6 daga arewacin ''equator'', sannan tana da nisan iri daya daga ''meridian'' sannan tana da nisan kusan kilomita 160km (mil 100) daga arecin inda ruwan rafin Niger ke gangarawa cikin tekun Atlantic Ocean.<ref name=":1">"Asaba Progressive Union". ''www.asabaatl.org/about.html''. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.</ref> Asaba ta mamaye fili mai fadin 300kmsq. Tana da zafi na kimanin 32c a lokaci na rani, sannan da matsakaicin adadin ruwan sama na kimanin millimitoci 2,700m (106 in) a lokacin damuna.<ref>"Climate Change Asaba". meteoblue. Retrieved 21 October 2023.</ref> Babban birnin Asaba ya hada sauran makwabtan garuruwa kamar as Igbuzo, Okpanam, Oko, Okwe and Ugbolu wanda ke yankin yammacin River Niger.<ref>"Asaba Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 22 August 2023</ref><ref>Atlas, Weather. "Yearly & Monthly weather - Asaba, Nigeria". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 22 August 2023.</ref><ref>Atlas, Weather. "Yearly & Monthly weather - Asaba, Nigeria". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 22 August 2023.</ref> == Ala'adu == Al'adun Asaba sun ta'allaka kwarau da gaske da soyayyar su ga "Asagba of Asaba", wanda shuwagabanninsu (da ake kira da "Diokpa”) na duka kauyukan garin guda biyar ke kai wa kukansu game da abun da ya shafi mutanen garin.<ref name="www.asabaatl.org/about.html" /> Iyasele na Asaba [Iyase] ke taimakawa wa Asagba wanda shine matsayin prime minista na gargaijya kuma shugaban dattijai [Kamar [Olinzele, Otu Ihaza, Oloto, da dai sauransu.]<ref>Isichei, Elizabeth (22 January 2009). "Historical Change in an Ibo Polity: Asaba to 1885". The Journal of African History. 10 (3): 421–438. doi:10.1017/S0021853700036367. Retrieved 29 September 2024.</ref> == Jama'a == Inyamuarai suka kwashe kaso 63% na mutanen garin, kuma mafi akasarin su haifaffun birnin Asaba ne. Asaba ta habaka ta fannin yawan mutane da kusan rabin miliyan (500,000) tun daga lokacin da ta zamo babban birnin Delta. A yanzu ta tara mutane iri-iri wanda ba 'yan asalin birnin bane.<ref name=":0" /> Wasu daga cikin yarukan da ke zama a birnin sun hada da Urhobo, Isoko, Ijaw, Hausa, Itsekiri da kuma Yabawa.<ref>"Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932=2017)". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2018</ref><ref>"Second Niger Bridge, Asaba Onitsha". Retrieved 29 September 2024</ref> == Tattalin arziki == Asaba cibiyar gudanarwa ce kuma mazaunin gwamnati wanda aka samar da ita a lokacin kamfanin Royal Niger Company a yanzu (UACN), kuma itace babban birnin gudanarwa na jihar Delta. A dalilin hakan mafi akasarin mutanen birnin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Gwamnatin Najeriya a karkashin mulkin gwamnatin Samuel Ogbemudia suka samar da kamfanin '''Asaba Textile Mills'''<ref>"Samuel Osaigbovo Ogbemudia (1932=2017)". Guardian (Nigeria). 24 March 2017. Retrieved February 18, 2018.</ref> da kuma kamfanin wutar Lantarki na Asaba. A birnin Asaba akwai kamfanoni dake sarrafa magunguna sannan akwai kamfanin sarrafa karafuna. Akwai masu zuwa yawan bude idanu da yawa cikin garin, wannan ya jawo habakar kasuwancin wuraren shakatawa da otel-otel. === Kasuwanni === Akwai manya-manyan kasuwanni guda uka a Asaba wanda suka hada da: kasuwar Ogbe-Ogonogo, kasuwar Cable Point, da kuma kasuwar Infant Jesus.<ref>"Delta Obasanjo commissions stephen keshi stadium". Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2019.</ref> == Wasanni == Filin wasan kwallon kafa na [[Stephen Keshi Stadium]] na Asaba, wacce ke da budadden gaba saboda masu kallo daga gari ya dauki nauyin wasanni kwallon kafa da dama tun lokacin da aka gyara ta a karkashin mulkin Senator Dr. Ifeanyi Arthur Okowa, tare da amincewar tsohon shugaban kasa Olusegun Obasanjo.<ref>"Delta Obasanjo commissions stephen keshi stadium". Vanguard (Nigeria). November 19, 2018. Retrieved March 31, 2019.</ref> Filin shine matsayin filin wasanni na gida na kungiyar kwallon kafa na Delta Force FC. == Sufuri == === Jirgin sama === Za'a iya ziyarta birnin Asaba da sauran biranen kewaye ta hanyar filin jirgin sama na Asaba international Airport. === Titin Mota === Babban titin Asaba zuwa Benin titi ne mai matukar muhimmanci saboda shi ya hada garuruwan yammaci da gabacin Najeriya. Sanna har wa yau akwai titin da ya hada Asaba da Ughelli, sannan titin Asaba-Ebu ya hada Asaba da arewacin Najeriya. === Ruwa === Ana iya zirga-zirga ta ruwa a birnin Asaba ta rafin River Niger, wacce ta zagaye yawancin garuruwan Afurka. == Sanannun Mutane == *[[Chief Dennis Osadebay]]<ref name=asabacom>{{cite web|url=http://asaba.com/asaba-a-long-history-and-tradition/ |title=Asaba. A long history and Tradition|date=23 August 2009|access-date=October 11, 2016|publisher=Asaba Online}}</ref> *[[Joseph Chike Edozien]]<ref name=asabacom/> *[[Maryam Babangida]]<ref name=asabacom/> *[[Lynxxx]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=BellaNaija.com|date=2015-03-02|title=Lynxxx: Everybody We Went to Seeking a Record Deal Rejected Us and Then We Decided to Start Our Own|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/03/lynxxx-everybody-we-went-to-seeking-a-record-deal-rejected-us-and-then-we-decided-to-start-our-own/|access-date=2021-06-27|website=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[SHiiKANE]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davis|first=Todd|date=2017-02-03|title=[INTERVIEW] Afro Pop Sister Trio, SHiiKANE Epitomize Black Girl Magic|url=https://parlemag.com/2017/02/afro-pop-shiikane-interview/|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Parle Magazine — The Online Voice of Urban Entertainment|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Emma Nyra]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-24|title=Checkout Details Of Emma Nyra’s Career, Personal Life And Scandals|url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2019/04/24/checkout-details-of-emma-nyras-career-personal-life-and-scandals/|access-date=2021-06-27|website=Within Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> *[[Ike Nwamu]] *[[Frank Nwachukwu Ndili]] *[[Epiphany Azinge]] == Hotuna == <gallery> File:Asaba market, Asaba, Delta state3.jpg File:Asaba roundabout, Asaba, Delta state.jpg File:Asaba market, Asaba, Delta state6.jpg </gallery> == Kara dubawa == *[[Abraka]] *[[Asaba massacre]] *[[Ekumeku Movement]] *[[Warri]] *[[Asaba-Asa]] ==Hanyoyin hadin waje== *[http://www.asaba.com Asaba.com] *[http://www.asaba.net Asaba.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131013654/http://www.asaba.net/ |date=2020-01-31 }} *[http://www.asaba.org Asaba Association Non-profit Group] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120109082150/http://adauk.net/ Asaba Development Association in the United Kingdom] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140109004145/http://aniahaba.info/ Asaba Portal] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141111031436/http://aniahaba.info/asabawiki/bin/view/Main/WebHome Asaba History and Culture Collaboration Research Platform] {{Igbo topics}} {{Cities in Nigeria}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Asaba}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Biranen Najeriya]] 7hinvhlg4fag24jb6bl7flypvhlifpb 0 7452 905589 849564 2026-08-21T11:34:40Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Benue_SE_Yola.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Kogin Benue kusa da [[Yola]].]] [[File:The Fisher Traveller on the_River_Benue.jpg|thumb|Masinci a kogin Binuwai]] [[File: River Benue 2.jpg|thumb|Gadar kogin biniwai wadda ta hada da garin Makurdi]] [[File: River Benue (in Makurdi).jpg|thumb|Kogin binuwai a Makurdi]] '''Kogin Benue''' ko kace '''Benuwe''' ko kuma a kirata da '''Binuwai''', ya na da tsawon kilomita 1,400. Mafarinta daga tsaunin Adamawa, a kasar [[Kamaru]] zuwa [[Nijar (kogi)|kogin Nijar]] a birnin [[Lokoja]].<ref>"Benue River | Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad | Britannica"</ref> Kananan rafufukanta su ne kogunan [[Faro]], [[Gongola]] da kuma [[Mayo Kebbi]]. Ta bi cikin biranen [[Garwa]] na cikin kasar (Kamaru), [[Yola]] a nan ([[Nijeriya]]) da kuma [[Makurdi]] na cikin Binuwai. == Geography == Binuwai ya tashi ne a yankin Plateau na Adamawa da ke arewacin Kamaru, daga inda yake kwararowa yamma, sannan ta bi ta garin Garoua da tafki na Lagdo, ta shiga Najeriya a kudu da tsaunin Mandara, sannan ta bi Jimeta, Ibi da Makurdi kafin su hadu da kogin Neja a Lokoja.<ref>"Benue River | Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad | Britannica"</ref> Manyan magudanan ruwa sune Faro, Gongola da kuma Mayo Kébbi, waɗanda ke haɗa ta da Logone (ɓangare na tsarin tafkin Chadi) lokacin ambaliya. Sauran yankunan sun hada da Taraba, Donga da Katsina Ala.<ref>"Katsina Ala River | river, western Africa | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved July 3, 2023</ref> A wurin haduwar, Binuwai ya zarce Nijar da girma. Matsakaicin fitarwa kafin 1960 shine 3,400 m3/s (120,000 cu ft/s) na Benue da 3,000 m3/s (110,000 cu ft/s) ga Nijar.<ref>[ <nowiki>https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/187941468097179065/pdf/345180PAPER0NR1Basin01OFFICIAL0USE1.pdf</nowiki>](PDF; 5,39 MB)</ref><ref>[2](PDF; 1,55 MB)</ref> == Yanayi == Jihar Binuwai tana da yanayi mai zafi na savanna. Yana da dumi kowane wata na shekara a duk lokacin damina da rani. Yawan zafin jiki na shekara shine 34 ° C kuma ana samun ruwan sama kusan 244 a cikin shekara.<ref>"Benue weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature". www.besttravelmonths.com. Retrieved September 20, 2023</ref> Jihar tana da matsakaicin zafi na 61%, raɓa na 25 ° C, UV-index na 7 kuma yana bushewa tsawon kwanaki 169 a cikin shekara.<ref>"Weather for Makurdi, Benue, Nigeria". www.timeanddate.com. Retrieved September 20, 2023.</ref> == Manyan ambaliyar ruwa == Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Najeriya (NEMA), ta gudanar da "binciken kula da hadarin bala'i" kuma ta shawarci ma'aikatu, sassan, da hukumomi (MDAs) da su dauki matakan da suka dace don rage tasirin sauyin yanayi. Hukumar ta ba da shawarar cewa a rika zubar da ruwa a fadin wasu jihohin tare da kwashe su akai-akai domin samar da ruwa na abubuwa daban-daban. Hukumar ta bukaci cibiyoyin da abin ya shafa da su rika sanya ido kan madatsun ruwa da ruwa don tabbatar da bin ka’idojin aikinsu na tafki.<ref>Nseyen, Nsikak (September 19, 2022). "Flooding: NEMA issues warning to Adamawa, Taraba, Benue, others". Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved July 4, 2023.</ref> === 2022 Ambaliyar === A ranar 23 ga Satumba, 2022, ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi dukkan kananan hukumomin kogin na Benue, a cewar kwamishinan albarkatun ruwa da muhalli na jihar, Godwin Oyiwona. Ambaliyar ta shafi Makurdi, Agatu, Logo, Guma, Buruku, Otukpo, da Gwer-West.<ref>Simire, Michael (September 23, 2022). "Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue". EnviroNews Nigeria. Retrieved July 4, 2023.</ref> Gwamnati ta yi aiki don rage tasirin ambaliya tare da fitar da kudade don tsaftace Basin Idye.<ref>"Flooding hits riverine areas in Benue". September 23, 2022</ref> A watan Oktoban 2022, manoma a jihar Adamawa sun kokarta wajen kawar da ragowar amfanin gonakin da ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata. Bala'in ya tarwatsa al'ummomi da dama a fadin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, inda daruruwan kauyuka da manyan birane suka nutse cikin ruwa. Bala'in ya rutsa da mutane sama da miliyan 2.4 sannan sama da 600 sun mutu. Bugu da ƙari, "an yi wa faɗuwar kadada na gonaki a faɗin jihohin da abin ya shafa."<ref>Babangida, Abdulkareem Mojeed, Mohammed (December 16, 2022). "SPECIAL REPORT: How poor infrastructure worsened flood disasters in states across Nigeria". Premium Times. Retrieved July 4, 2023.</ref> Mafi yawan wadanda rikicin ya shafa su ne mazauna yankunan noma da ke kusa da manyan magudanan ruwa a kananan hukumomi bakwai daga cikin 21 na jihar. A cikin watanni uku, kananan hukumomi 12 (LGAs) sun nutse, wanda ya shafi mazauna 82,730, gidaje 13,788, mutane 51 sun jikkata, 27 kuma suka mutu. An lalata gonaki na biliyoyin naira.<ref>"SPECIAL REPORT: Women, Children Suffer As Floods Submerge Adamawa Communities". thecjid.org. Retrieved 29-05-2026</ref> === Janairu 2020 === Shugaban kasa Muhammadu Buhari ya kaddamar da aikin samar da magudanar ruwa mai tsawon kilomita 3.35 a garin Makurdi na jihar Binuwai, domin magance matsalolin muhalli a cikin al’ummar Idye.<ref>"Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. January 3, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2023</ref> Aikin, wani bangare na ayyukan tsoma baki na muhalli guda 17, Shugaban kasa ya amince da shi a cikin kwata na hudu na 2017 kuma an kammala shi cikin makonni 48. Aikin ya yi niyya ne don magance munanan illolin da zaizayar ƙasa da ambaliyar ruwa ke haifarwa a yankin.<ref>"Buhari inaugurates 3.35km drainage in Benue". ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. January 3, 2020. Retrieved July 4, 2023</ref><ref>"Buhari Inaugurates 3.35km Drainage In Benue". theglittersonline.com.ng. January 3, 2020</ref> === 2017 Ambaliyar === Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Najeriya (NAN) ya ruwaito cewa, al’ummar Idye na daga cikin yankunan da ambaliyar ta fi kamari a shekarar 2017<ref>Nigeria, News Agency of (August 28, 2022). "Floods ravage Benue villages as Governor Ortom lounges in Europe". Peoples Gazette. Abuja, Nigeria. Retrieved July 4, 2023.</ref> wadda ta raba mutane sama da 120,000 da muhallansu a babban birnin Benue, Makurdi. Ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata gidaje sama da 200 a Makurdi.<ref>Report, Agency (September 14, 2022). "Floods destroy 200 households in Makurdi". The Punch. Retrieved July 4, 2023.</ref> === 2012 Ambaliyar === Kogin Binuwai ya yi ambaliya a watan Oktobar 2012, wanda ya haifar da karuwar yawan macizai a gundumar Duguri, da ke karamar hukumar Alkaleri, ta jihar Bauchi.<ref>"Snakes kill over 200 people in Bauchi council, as government takes no action". Premium Times. Retrieved July 3, 2023.</ref> Wani rahoto da aka fitar a watan Yulin 2013 ya nuna cewa sama da mutane 200 a gundumar sun mutu sakamakon saran maciji. Babban Asibitin Kaltungo, Jihar Gombe a Najeriya, shi ne wuri mafi kusa don kula da saran maciji; “Duk wanda ya yi sa’ar zuwa Kaltungo, sai a yi masa magani a cikin kwanaki biyu kacal sannan su koma gida.”<ref>Agbo, Catherine (July 22, 2013). "Nigeria: Snakes Kill 200 in Bauchi". allAfrica.com. Retrieved May 11, 2014.</ref><ref>"Bauchi residents groan over snakebites". The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. June 22, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2023.</ref><ref>Sunday, Ochogwu (April 17, 2023). "Biotech company accused of polluting River Benue with cassava plant waste". Daily Post. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved July 26, 2023.</ref> ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:River_Benue_(in_Makurdi_showing_NEW_Bridge).jpg|Kogin Benue a Makurdi File:80_foot_dugout_canoe_on_the_Benue_River.jpg|Wani Kwale-kwale (Taki 80) a gabar Kogin Benue </gallery> == Gurbacewa == Benuwe Hike Tourism and Conservation Foundation, a kokarin da take yi na kare kogin daga gurbatar yanayi, ta sanar da gwamnatin jihar Binuwai game da kura-kuran da wasu kamfanoni a jihar ke yi na zubar da shara a cikin kogin. Sharar gida kamar ethanol, wanda ke iya yin lahani cikin sauƙi ga rayuwar mutane da na ruwa, an jefar da shi cikin kogin Benue. Daga nan sai gwamnatin jihar Binuwai ta dauki matakin gaggawa wajen shawo kan lamarin don gudun kada a sake yin barna ga ‘yan kasa.<ref>Orsar, Hembadoon (April 18, 2023). "Benue River Pollution: You Have Failed, Ortom Tells 3 Commissioners". Leadership. Retrieved July 6, 2023</ref><ref>Charles, John (April 17, 2023). "Ortom orders firm's probe for alleged River Benue pollution". The Punch. Retrieved July 26, 2023.</ref> ==Manazarta== {{DEFAULTSORT:Benue}} [[Category:Koguna]] 4h61f94uhqb4zrxhsn2mrarzc2z49eq 0 11006 905277 310185 2026-08-20T20:35:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport Boeing 747.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Panorama in Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport - Terminal 2A Annex 3.jpg|thumb]] [[File:OE-LQO, Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, Roissy (SIAE2153).jpg|thumb]] '''Filin jirgin saman Paris-Orly''' [[filin jirgin sama]] ne dake a [[Paris]], babban birnin ƙasar [[Faransa]]<ref name="Air & Cosmos">{{cite web | url = http://www.air-cosmos.com/la-nouvelle-jonction-de-l-aeroport-d-orly-officiellement-inauguree-122819 | title = La nouvelle jonction de l'aéroport d'Orly officiellement inaugurée | publisher = Air & Cosmos | accessdate = 8 June 2019 | archive-date = 25 May 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190525162255/http://www.air-cosmos.com/la-nouvelle-jonction-de-l-aeroport-d-orly-officiellement-inauguree-122819 | url-status = dead }}</ref>. [[File:Panorama in Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport - Terminal 2A Walkway Window 4.jpg|thumb]] ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[File:Panorama in Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport - Terminal 2A Walkway Window 3.jpg|thumb]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Paris Orly}} [[Category:Filayen jirgin sama a Faransa]] tlro0l1vew3dig3zdf46yas3ic3uuue 0 11039 905050 884082 2026-08-20T12:56:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dunukofia''' ce dake a jihar [[Anambra]] a shiyar kudu maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]]. '''Dunukofia''' wata [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce da ke Jihar [[Anambra]] , a yankin kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dunukofia Local Government Area, Anambra State |url=https://dunukofialga-anambra.ng/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=dunukofialga-anambra.ng |archive-date=2025-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250611030323/https://dunukofialga-anambra.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙaramar hukumar sun haɗa da Ukpo, wadda ita ce hedikwata;<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-11-09 |title=List of Local Government Areas in Anambra State with Headquarters |url=https://xplorer.ng/anambra/list-of-local-government-areas-in-anambra-state-with-headquarters/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Xplorer.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> Ifitedunu, Dunukofia Umunnachi, Umudioka, Ukwulu da Nawgu. Yankin yana iyaka da Ƙananan Hukumomin Awka ta Arewa, Idemili ta Arewa, Njikoka da Oyi. Dunukofia tana ƙarƙashin mazabar sanatoci ta Anambra ta Tsakiya a Jihar Anambra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra Senatorial Districts |url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |access-date=2025-06-26 |website=Centre for Community and Rural Development |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260527053606/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawancin jama'ar yankin noma ne, amma an samu manyan cibiyoyi a fannin kasuwanci da ilimi. Yawan jama'a a nan yana cikin mafi girma a duk fadin Najeriya. Akwai asibitoci na gama gari a Ifitedunu da Ukpo da kuma makarantun sakandare kusan goma sha biyu ga maza da mata. Dunukofia yana cikin kananan hukumomi mafi sauki a jihar Anambra, tare da hanyoyin tarayya da na jiha da ke ratsa ta a wurare daban-daban. Makarantar Sakandare ta St Mary's Ifitedunu tana daya daga cikin tsofaffin makarantun bayan firamare a jihar Anambra. Kamar yadda aka yi a kidayar jama'a ta 2006, wannan karamar hukumar tana da jimillar mutane 96,517.<ref>"Nigeria: Administrative Division (States and Local Government Areas) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2025-06-30.</ref> == Yanayin Ƙasa == Lokutan ruwa da bushewa sune manyan yanayi biyu da karamar hukumar Dunukofia ke fuskanta kowace shekara. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na yankin shine 28 °C (82 °F), kuma akwai matsakaicin milimita 2,950 (inci 116) na ruwan sama a can kowace shekara.<ref>"Dunukofia Local Government Area". www.manpower.com.ng. Retrieved 2023-08-12.</ref> == Tsarin Arziki == A karamar hukumar Dunukofia, ana noma nau'ikan amfanin gona iri-iri, ciki har da doya, shinkafa, rogo, da masara, kuma noma shine babban aikin tattalin arziki na mazauna yankin. karamar hukumar Dunukofia, wacce take gida ga kasuwanni da yawa kamar kasuwar Afor Igwe a Umudioka, kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce.<ref>"Dunukofia Postal Code | Post Code | Zip Code List". nigeriapostal.com. Retrieved 2023-08-12.</ref><ref>"Enhancing Income through Cocoyam Production, Processing and Consumption Patterns In Dunukofia Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria"</ref> == Mutane masu shahara == * Hon Sir Chukuwidi Okeke (Ikpoaku na Ukpo) * Engineer Arthur Eze (Ozoigbondu) * Charles Oramulu Onwuche - masanin tattalin arziki kuma mai tsara siyasa * Morocco Maduka[ana buƙatar ambato] * <br /> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dunukofia}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] 8lgtn3dvdft1ta2o0l34wb4f3ko5gy1 0 11040 905080 842932 2026-08-20T14:43:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ekwusigo''' wata [[Ƙaramar hukuma]] ce da ke Jihar [[Anambra]], a yankin tsakiyar kudancin [[Najeriya]]. Garuruwan da suka haɗa ƙaramar hukumar sun haɗa da Ozubulu, Oraifite, Ichi da Ihembosi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekwusigo Local Government Area |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Ekwusigo-Local-Government-Area/62118/ |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> Ekwusigo tana ƙarƙashin [[Majalisar Dattawan Anambra ta kudu|mazabar sanatoci ta Anambra ta Kudu]] a Jihar Anambra.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra Senatorial Districts |url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=Centre for Community and Rural Development |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260527053606/https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2018-07-31 |title=Ekwusigo LGA postal/zip codes (Anambra State) |url=https://postcode.com.ng/ekwusigo-lga-postal-zip-codes-anambra-state/ |access-date=2025-06-29 |website=Postcode |language=en-US}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ekwusigo}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Anambra]] nredebas3yntv92tj7gnb8n0ayg8uht 0 11603 905458 861402 2026-08-21T07:43:16Z Mhizabdoul 42167 905458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Dr. Wendy Bohon in the lab.jpg|thumb|Dr. Wendy Bohon a cikin ɗakin gwajin kimiyya]] [[File:Open Science Logo v3.svg|alt=Ma auni|thumb|ma auni ne na ilimin kimiyya]] [[Fayil:Technology show in Kyoto 6.jpg|thumb|Masana kimiyya suke kir kira sababbin abubuwa]] '''Kimiyya'''<ref>https://bakandamiya.com/kimiya-da-fasaha/</ref> na nufin ilimin zahiri da ake iya ganin sa ko taɓa shi ko ɗanɗano shi, da kimiyya ne ake samar da [[Fasaha|Fasaha.]] <ref>https://www.britannica.com/science/science</ref>kimiyya dabaru ne a fannin ilimin lissafi, ilimin ƙwayar halitta da ilimin na'ura wajen samar da rayuwa mai sauƙi a fannin [[Sifiri]], [[Lafiya]], [[Makamai]], [[Noma]], [[Lantarki]], [[Nakura|Na'ura]] da [[Gini]]. [[Kimiyya]] ce take samar da [[Fasaha]] a ƙwa-ƙwalwan [[Mutane]] har su ƙirƙiri sa babbin abubuwa. Duk ci gaban da aka samu a [[Duniya]] to a dalilin [[Kimiyya]] ne, kuma kimiyya ce ta ke dunƙule ilimi dayawa waje guda kuma ta raba su a matsayin ilimi mai zaman kanshi.<ref>https://www.dictionary.com/browse/science</ref> Asalin ilimin [[Kimiyya]] ya samo asali ne a ƙasar [[Misra]] wato [[Egypt]] da kuma [[Mesopotamia]] a shekaru 3500, zuwa shekara ta (3000, BCE) kafin zuwan [[Annabi]] [[Isah]]. Sun bayar da gudummawa a fannoni daban-daban kamar su ilimin [[Lissafi]], [[Ilimin Taurari]] da [[Ilimin Magunguna]]. wannan [[kimiyya]]r ya shiga har izuwa girka wato (Greek) da daular [[Rumawa|Rumawa,]] ya wayar musu da kai. Ilimin [[Kimiyya]] na girkawa ya ƙarfafa ma 'yan gabashin [[Turai]] kuma ya wayar musu da ido a shekara ta (400 zuwa 1000 CE) amman a lokacin ba ai amfani da shi a Duniyar Musulmi ba, sai daga baya a lokacin [[Islamic Golden Age]]. A lokacin ne [[Musulmai]] sukayi bincike a gabashin nahiyar [[Turai]] daga [[Karni|ƙarni]] na 10th zuwa ƙarni na 13th. [[Kimiyya]] ta ratsa ko inane a [[Karibiyan|Ƙarni]] na 19, wanda a lokacin ne aka samar da gwanaye a fannin [[Kimiyya]] har suka canza mata suna daga "natural philosophy" zuwa "natural science."<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1086886-kimiya-ta-bayyana-hanyoyin-3-da-iya-kawo-karshen-duniya.html</ref> ==Fannonin kimiyya.== Kimiyya ta zamani ta kasu zuwa kashi uku ne, sune kamar haka:- *[[Natural science]] (misali, Biology, Chemistry,Geography & Physics), *[[Social science]] (misali, Economics, Psychology, Political Science & Sociology), *[[Formal science]] (misali, Logic, Mathematics, and Theoretical Computer Science), * [[Applied science]], A daa can ana samun ilimin kimiyya ne a gun sanannun masu ilimi da kuma bincike dan ƙirƙirar sabuwar [[Kimiyya]] ko gano ta. Amman a wannan zamanin ana samun ilimin [[Kimiyya]] ne kaɗai a [[Jami’o’i]] da ƙananan cibiyoyin [[Ilimi]] kuma ana sayar da [[kimiyyar]] ne zuwa ga [[kamfanoni]] da [[masana’antu]] domin ci gaba da samun arziƙi.<ref>https://babansadik.com/kimiyyar-kurani-da-ta-zamani-a-ina-aka-hadu-1/</ref> =Manazarta= <references />.[./Https://hausa.legit.ng/tags/ilimin-kimiyya/%3Fpage=14{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} https://hausa.legit.ng/tags/ilimin-kimiyya/?page=14] bwpf1uhjd00vfsgtikrz75crnr1llb7 0 13689 905318 903202 2026-08-20T22:23:07Z Zahrah0 14848 Xv 905318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Sadiya_Umaru_Farouq.jpg|240px|right|thumbnail|Sadiya Umar Farouk]] '''Sadiya Umar Farouk''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta alif dari tara da sabain da hudu 1974), [[Najeriya|’yar siyasa ce a Nijeriya]] kuma itace ministar harkokin [[agaji]], kula da bala’i da ci gaban al’umma a Najeriya.<ref>"Who be Sadiya Umar Farouq". ''BBC News Pidgin''. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2020.</ref><ref>"editor (12 October 2019). "Sadiya Umar-Farouq: The New Super Minister". ''THISDAYLIVE''. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</ref><ref>NorthWindProject. "Hon. Minister Sadia Umar Farouq | NASSCO". Retrieved 4 June 2021.</ref><ref>Hajiya "Sadiya Umar Farouq" biography: Buhari youngest cabinet minister profile". ''BBC News Pidgin''. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2021.</ref> == Siyasa == Shugaba [[Muhammadu Buhari|Muhammadu Buhari ya]] nada ta minista a watan Yuli shekarar 2019,<ref>"Sadiya Farouq: Group lauds Buhari's appointment of Minister". ''Vanguard News''. 11 June 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2022.</ref> Farouk a shekaru ta zama mai mafi karancin shekaru a cikin ministocin gwamnatin tarayya. Dangantakar ta da Shugaba Buhari ta samo asali ne tun zamanin Buhari a matsayin jagora kuma dan takarar shugaban kasa na rusasshiyar Congress for Progressive Change lokacin da Farouk ya kasance ma'ajin jam'iyyar CPC na kasa sannan daga baya ya kasance ma'ajin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]].<ref>"EXCLUSIVE: Presidency Chides Humanitarian Minister For Excessive Use Of Power, Ministry Placed Under Strict Monitoring". ''Sahara Reporters''. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 16 February 201.</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019,ofishin shugaban kasa ta tuhumi Sadiya don yin amfani da karfin da ya wuce ikon matsayinta na aiki ta hanyar daukar karin mataimaka fiye da yadda hukuma ta kuma amince da shi da kuma jinkirta kudaden wata-wata na masu sa kai na N-Power, shirin tsoma bakin jama’a na gwamnatin tarayya. Bikin auren Sadiya-Sadique: Shugaban [[Soja|Sojan]] Sama, Ministan Jin kai Aure ya daɗe yana zuwa - majiyoyin dangi [[Fayil:Sadiya Umar Farouq.jpg|thumb|Sadiya Umar Farouq]] Duk da kalubalen kasafin kudin Najeriya tare da karancin kudaden shiga, Ministan, yayin da yake fuskantar dumbin munanan manufofin yakin neman zabe, da karfin hali aiwatar da ayyukan Covid-19 da Shirye-shiryen saka hannun jari na gwamnatin tarayya.<ref>"EXCLUSIVE: Presidency Chides Humanitarian Minister For Excessive Use Of Power, Ministry Placed Under Strict Monitoring". ''Sahara Reporters''. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == * FGGC, Gusau [https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-50003638] * Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello, dake Zariya == Kara Karantawa == Karanta nan: <nowiki>https://prnigeria.com/2020/09/24/sadiya-sadique-wedding</nowiki> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Farouk, Sadiya Umar}} [[Category:'Yan korar Buhari]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1974]] [[Category:Ƴan Siyasa Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Zamfara]] [[Category:Ƴan Siyasan APC]] [[Category:Daliban Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] eygiu8np5rgnbbobm5mb5q7y93ak4qb 0 15139 905368 858928 2026-08-21T03:52:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} '''Gloria Chinasa Okoro''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Disamba, 1987) tsohuwar ‘yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce daga Najeriya wadda ta buga a matsayin mai kai hari. Duk da cewa an haife ta kuma ta taso a Najeriya, ta wakilci tawagar mata ta ƙasar Guinea Equatorial a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa. Chinasa ta shahara ne saboda gudummawar da ta bayar wajen ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafar mata a Afirka da kuma nasarorin da ta samu a wasu ƙasashen Turai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Gloria Chinasa Okoro a birnin Enugu da ke Najeriya, inda ta taso tare da iyalanta. Tun tana ƙarama take nuna ƙwarewa a wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, lamarin da ya sa ta fara taka leda a matakin ƙungiyoyin mata na cikin gida. Hazakarta da saurin motsi a fili sun sa masu horarwa suka fara lura da ita tun kafin ta kai matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/gloria-chinasa/201798](https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/gloria-chinasa/201798) |title=Gloria Chinasa Player Profile |website=Playmaker Stats |access-date=2026-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == Chinasa ta fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar mata ta ''Rivers Angels'' a Najeriya. A lokacin tana daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan gaba a gasar mata ta Najeriya. A shekara ta 2005, yayin wani wasa da wata ƙungiya daga Guinea Equatorial, ta zura ƙwallaye uku, abin da ya ja hankalin jami’an ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasar Guinea Equatorial gare ta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> Bayan gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar 2011, Chinasa ta koma ƙungiyar ''Unia Racibórz'' ta ƙasar Poland. A can ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa ƙungiyar lashe gasar Ekstraliga ta mata. Ta kuma zama daga cikin fitattun masu zura ƙwallaye a gasar, inda ta lashe kyautar mafi yawan cin ƙwallaye a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> Daga baya ta ci gaba da buga wasa a ƙasashe daban-daban kamar Lithuania, Belarus, Albania da Faransa. Ta wakilci ƙungiyoyi irin su ''Gintra Universitetas'', ''Bobruichanka'', ''Vllaznia'' da kuma ''Rouen''. Wannan ya nuna irin gogewar da ta samu a nahiyar Turai kafin daga bisani ta koma ƙungiyar ''E Waiso Ipola''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.soccerzz.com/player.php?id=201798](https://www.soccerzz.com/player.php?id=201798) |title=Gloria Chinasa Career Stats |website=Soccer ZZ |access-date=2026-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Ko da yake ‘yar Najeriya ce, Gloria Chinasa ta amince ta wakilci tawagar mata ta Guinea Equatorial bayan da jami’an ƙasar suka gayyace ta. Ta fara taka leda a tawagar ƙasar tun shekara ta 2006. A ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2006, ta zura ƙwallon farko a tarihin Guinea Equatorial a gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> Chinasa ta taimaka wa Guinea Equatorial lashe kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata a shekarun 2008 da 2012. Ta kasance daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan da suka taimaka wajen ɗaga martabar ƙwallon ƙafar mata a ƙasar. Haka kuma ta wakilci ƙasar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta shekarar 2011 da aka gudanar a Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/159598/gloria-chinasa](https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/159598/gloria-chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa Bio |website=ESPN |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> A gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar 2011, Chinasa ta buga wasu muhimman wasanni ciki har da wasan da suka yi da Australia inda tawagarta ta sha kashi da ci 3–2. Duk da rashin nasara, an yaba da yadda ta nuna ƙwarewa da jajircewa a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.soccerzz.com/player.php?epoca_id=140&id=201798](https://www.soccerzz.com/player.php?epoca_id=140&id=201798) |title=Gloria Chinasa 2010/2011 Stats |website=Soccer ZZ |access-date=2026-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Gloria Chinasa da saurin gudu, iya kai hari da kuma kammala kwallo a gaban raga. Ta kasance ‘yar wasa mai iya taka rawar gani a matsayin mai kai hari ko kuma winger. Hazakarta wajen neman sarari da saurin zura ƙwallaye ya sa ta yi fice musamman a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Poland.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/chinasa/profil/spieler_6592.html](https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/chinasa/profil/spieler_6592.html) |title=Gloria Chinasa Profile |website=Soccerdonna |access-date=2026-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Tare da ƙungiyoyi === * '''Unia Racibórz''' Ekstraliga ta mata: 2011–12, 2012–13 Kofin Poland na mata: 2011–12 * '''E Waiso Ipola''' Liga Nacional de Fútbol Femenino: 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa Honours |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> === Tare da tawagar ƙasa === * '''Guinea Equatorial mata''' Kofin nahiyar Afirka na mata: 2008, 2012 Zakarun nahiyar Afirka na mata sau biyu<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> === Kyaututtuka na musamman === * Mafi yawan cin ƙwallaye a gasar Ekstraliga ta mata: 2011–12, 2012–13 * Mafi yawan cin ƙwallaye a Kofin Poland na mata: 2012–13<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) |title=Gloria Chinasa Achievements |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-07}}</ref> == Gadonta == Gloria Chinasa na daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan mata daga Najeriya da suka samu damar taka leda a matakin duniya tare da wakiltar wata ƙasa a nahiyar Afirka. Nasarorin da ta samu sun kasance abin koyi ga matasan ‘yan wasa mata a Afirka musamman wajen nuna cewa hazaka da jajircewa na iya kai mutum zuwa manyan matakai a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=[https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/gloria-chinasa/201798](https://www.playmakerstats.com/player/gloria-chinasa/201798) |title=Gloria Chinasa Legacy |website=Playmaker Stats |access-date=2026-05-07 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloria_Chinasa) Gloria Chinasa a Wikipedia ta Turanci] [[https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/159598/gloria-chinasa](https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/159598/gloria-chinasa) Gloria Chinasa a ESPN] [[https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/chinasa/profil/spieler_6592.html](https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/chinasa/profil/spieler_6592.html) Gloria Chinasa a Soccerdonna] {{DEFAULTSORT:Chinasa, Gloria}} [[Category:Haihuwar 1987]] [[Category:Mutane masu rai]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mata na Najeriya]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mata na Guinea Equatorial]] [[Category:Masu kai hari a ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Rivers Angels]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Unia Racibórz]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya a ƙasashen waje]] ehfy5rhmgg5b4qd133lctnny6yv9xtt 0 16620 905554 490365 2026-08-21T10:46:43Z Zahrah0 14848 905554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laila Doguwa''' (An haife ta ranar 10 ga watan December, shekarar alif dari tara da arba'in da hudu miladiyya 1944) a Garin Gabas na [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]]. == Karatu da mukami== Tayi makaranta a St. Louis School Kano. Ta cigaba da karatunta bayan auren nata. Member ce a ‘Jam’iyyar Matan Arewa (JMA)’ Kaduna. An bata mukamin gargajiya na matsayin garkuwan gari. Wannan shine lokaci na farko da aka baiwa mace wannan matsayin. == Aure == An mata [[aure]] a watan Febrailu, 1958, a lokacin tana da shekara sha 13 da wata 3 a rayuwarta.{{Ana bukatan hujja}} == Bibiliyo == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1944]] ieeaa9j66fkszzg37o0e6lcjqe7shje 0 17675 905565 700850 2026-08-21T10:59:48Z Zahrah0 14848 905565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemisola Aderemi Aderinokun''' ko '''Gbemisola Oke''' an haife ta a Nijeriya. Farfesa Periodontology da kuma Community Ilimin hakora a Jami'ar Ibadan. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar gwamnati tsakanin 2015 da 2017. Ta kuma taɓa riƙe muƙamai na mulki kamar Dean, Faculty,of Dentistry da Darakta, Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kirkira a Jami'ar Ibadan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2015 |title=UI gets new Deputy Vice-Chancellor |work=Vanguard |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/01/ui-gets-new-deputy-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Oke ta yi digirinta na farko a Jami’ar Ibadan tsakanin shekarar 1976 da shekarar 1981. Daga nan ta wuce zuwa Amurka don kwarewa a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, inda ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a shekarar 1985. Bayan haka, ta dawo gida Najeriya don fara da kammala karatun ta a cikin Cutar Cutar tsakanin 1987 da 1997. Mamba ce a kungiyoyin kwararru da yawa wadanda suka hada da kungiyar likitocin Najeriya, kungiyar likitocin hakora ta Najeriya, kungiyar likitocin kasa da kasa, kungiyar mata da cutar kanjamau a Afirka da sauransu.<ref name="one">{{Cite web |url=http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449 |title=Prof Oke Aderemi |last=admin |website=College of Medicine |access-date=2017-11-21 |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182348/http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bugawa da matsayin gudanarwa == Tsakanin 2007 da 2010, Oke ta kasance Dean a Faculty of Dentistry a Jami'ar Ibadan har zuwa lokacin da aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar mataimakiyar shugabar gwamnati a shekarar 2015, ta kasance Darakta, Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kirkiro.<ref name="one" /> A watan Janairun 2015, an nada ta mataimakiyar VC, wacce za ta maye gurbin Mataimakin Shugaban Karamar Hukumar, Abel Idowu Olayinka . Ita ce mace ta biyu da ta ɗauki irin wannan matsayi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/01/25/gbemisola-oke-appointed-deputy-vc-for-ui/ |title=Gbemisola Oke Appointed Deputy VC For UI |last=admin |date=January 25, 2015 |website=PM News |access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, ta lura cewa lalacewar hakora ba ta cika zama ruwan dare a Najeriya ba, idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba ta yadda ba mu dogara da kayan abincin da ke cin abinci ba. Ta jaddada bukatar amfani da man goge baki wanda ke dauke da sinadarin fluoride saboda hakan zai rage damar lalacewar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pulse.ng/news/local/arotiba-oke-akinboboye-what-you-must-know-about-your-teeth-experts-speak-id3835535.html |title=Arotiba, Oke, Akinboboye: What you must know about your teeth: Experts speak |last=Akinloye |first=Dimeji |date=June 6, 2015 |website=Pulse |access-date=2017-11-22 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yayin da take jawabi a daya daga cikin cibiyoyin hakori na al'umma da ta kafa, Oke ta jaddada bukatar karin irinta, yayin da take bayyana imani na camfi game da kula da lafiyar baka da kuma nauyin kudi don kiyaye tsada mai sauki a matsayin babban koma baya a cikar burinta a manufofin sake maido da hakori tsarin a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneonlineng.com/community-oral-health-centre-must-flourish-don/ |title=Why community oral health centre must flourish —Don |last=admin |date=October 19, 2017 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata]] izg1lmfjlod48a5nnx6dm2l0fxc4lti 905567 905565 2026-08-21T11:00:29Z Zahrah0 14848 905567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gbemisola Aderemi Aderinokun''' ko '''Gbemisola Oke''' an haife ta a Nijeriya. Farfesa Periodontology da kuma Community Ilimin hakora a Jami'ar Ibadan. Ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar gwamnati tsakanin 2015 da 2017. Ta kuma taɓa riƙe muƙamai na mulki kamar Dean, Faculty,of Dentistry da Darakta, Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kirkira a Jami'ar Ibadan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2015 |title=UI gets new Deputy Vice-Chancellor |work=Vanguard |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/01/ui-gets-new-deputy-vice-chancellor/ |access-date=10 August 2022}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Oke ta yi digirinta na farko a Jami’ar Ibadan tsakanin shekarar 1976 da shekarar 1981. Daga nan ta wuce zuwa Amurka don kwarewa a fannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, inda ta samu digiri na biyu a fannin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a shekarar 1985. Bayan haka, ta dawo gida Najeriya don fara da kammala karatun ta a cikin Cutar Cutar tsakanin shekarun 1987 da 1997. Mamba ce a kungiyoyin kwararru da yawa wadanda suka hada da kungiyar likitocin Najeriya, kungiyar likitocin hakora ta Najeriya, kungiyar likitocin kasa da kasa, kungiyar mata da cutar kanjamau a Afirka da sauransu.<ref name="one">{{Cite web |url=http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449 |title=Prof Oke Aderemi |last=admin |website=College of Medicine |access-date=2017-11-21 |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913182348/http://com.ui.edu.ng/index.php/prof-oke-gbemisola-aderemi?id=449 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bugawa da matsayin gudanarwa == Tsakanin 2007 da 2010, Oke ta kasance Dean a Faculty of Dentistry a Jami'ar Ibadan har zuwa lokacin da aka nada ta a matsayin mataimakiyar mataimakiyar shugabar gwamnati a shekarar 2015, ta kasance Darakta, Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Kirkiro.<ref name="one" /> A watan Janairun 2015, an nada ta mataimakiyar VC, wacce za ta maye gurbin Mataimakin Shugaban Karamar Hukumar, Abel Idowu Olayinka . Ita ce mace ta biyu da ta ɗauki irin wannan matsayi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/01/25/gbemisola-oke-appointed-deputy-vc-for-ui/ |title=Gbemisola Oke Appointed Deputy VC For UI |last=admin |date=January 25, 2015 |website=PM News |access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, ta lura cewa lalacewar hakora ba ta cika zama ruwan dare a Najeriya ba, idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba ta yadda ba mu dogara da kayan abincin da ke cin abinci ba. Ta jaddada bukatar amfani da man goge baki wanda ke dauke da sinadarin fluoride saboda hakan zai rage damar lalacewar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pulse.ng/news/local/arotiba-oke-akinboboye-what-you-must-know-about-your-teeth-experts-speak-id3835535.html |title=Arotiba, Oke, Akinboboye: What you must know about your teeth: Experts speak |last=Akinloye |first=Dimeji |date=June 6, 2015 |website=Pulse |access-date=2017-11-22 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yayin da take jawabi a daya daga cikin cibiyoyin hakori na al'umma da ta kafa, Oke ta jaddada bukatar karin irinta, yayin da take bayyana imani na camfi game da kula da lafiyar baka da kuma nauyin kudi don kiyaye tsada mai sauki a matsayin babban koma baya a cikar burinta a manufofin sake maido da hakori tsarin a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tribuneonlineng.com/community-oral-health-centre-must-flourish-don/ |title=Why community oral health centre must flourish —Don |last=admin |date=October 19, 2017 |website=[[Nigerian Tribune]] |access-date=2017-11-22}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mata a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mata]] 7exbfp8nscxi1w5jmc471n3g6t0j2dw 0 19165 905560 901697 2026-08-21T10:55:11Z Zahrah0 14848 905560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Khadija Shaw.jpg|thumb|hoton yar kwallo khadija shaw]] [[Fayil:Khadija Shaw.jpg|thumb|khadija]] '''Khadija Monifa "Bunny" Shaw''' (an haife ta a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif 1997), dan kwallon Jamaica ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan gaban Girondins de Bordeaux da kungiyar mata ta ƙasar Jamaica. == Kwalejin aiki == Shaw tayi shekaru biyu na farko na karamar kwaleji a Kwalejin Jihar Florida ta Gabas, ta sami lambar yabo ta farko ta NSCAA ta National Junior College Athletic Association All-America ta girmama a cikin shekara ta 2016. A cikin shekara ta 2017, Shaw ya koma Jami'ar Tennessee. An sanya ta cikin rukunin farko na All-SEC a duka lokutan da take tare da Tennessee kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta SEC mai ba da izini na Shekara a matsayin babba a cikin shekara ta 2018. Ta yanke shawara game da shiga cikin NWSL Draft bayan kwaleji don duba zaɓin ƙasashen waje a Turai da Asiya. == Klub din == A cikin shekara ta 2018, Shaw ya buga wa WPSL wasan kusa-da-kungiyar Florida Krush. A ranar 7 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2019,ƙungiyar D1 Féminine ta Bordeaux ta sanar da cewa sun sanya hannu kan Shaw kan yarjejeniyar shekara biyu. Khadija ta fara wasan farko ne a ranar 25 ga watan Agustan, shekara ta 2019 tare da Bordeaux a kan FC Fleury 91.A wasanta na farko, ta zira kwallaye biyu wanda kuma ya haifar da nasarar 4-1 ga ƙungiyar gida. Ta maimaita wasanninta, a wasan da suka buga a wannan karon da Dijon FCO, a wasanta na biyu. == Ayyukan duniya == Shaw ya taka leda a duniya a U-15, U-17, U-20 da kuma manyan matakan Jamaica, fara bugawa tsoho mai shekaru 14. Shaw ta fara taka leda a wasan kasa-da-kasa a ranar 23 ga watan Agustan, shekara ta 2015, inda ta ci kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Jamhuriyar Dominica da ci 6 da 0 a wasan neman cancantar shiga gasar Olympics. A cikin shekara ta 2019, Shaw yana cikin ƙungiyar Jamaica wacce ta cancanci zuwa Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA na shekara ta 2019. A yin haka, sun zama ƙasar Caribbean ta farko da ta taɓa samun damar zuwa Kofin Duniya na Mata zallah. === Manufofin duniya === ''Sakamakon sakamako da jerin jeren kungiyar Jamaica da farko:'' {| class="wikitable" !No. !Date !Venue !Opponent !Score !Result !Competition |- |<div class="center">1</div> | rowspan="2" |23 August 2015 | rowspan="3" |Estadio Panamericano, San Cristóbal, Dominican Republic | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|DOM}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">6–0</div> | rowspan="3" |2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification |- |<div class="center">2</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">3</div> |25 August 2015 |{{Fbw|DMA}} | rowspan="7" |<div class="center">13–0</div> |- |<div class="center">4</div> | rowspan="6" |9 May 2018 | rowspan="8" |Stade Sylvio Cator, [[Port-au-Prince]], [[Haiti]] | rowspan="6" |{{Fbw|GLP}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="8" |2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification |- |<div class="center">5</div> |<div class="center">'''4'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">6</div> |<div class="center">'''5'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">7</div> |<div class="center">'''7'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">8</div> |<div class="center">'''9'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">9</div> |<div class="center">'''11'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">10</div> |11 May 2018 |{{Fbw|MTQ|local}} |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> |<div class="center">3–0</div> |- |<div class="center">11</div> |13 May 2018 |{{Fbw|HAI}} |<div class="center">'''2'''–2</div> |<div class="center">2–2</div> |- |<div class="center">12</div> |19 July 2018 | rowspan="2" |Estadio Moderno Julio Torres, Barranquilla, [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] |{{Fbw|VEN}} | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">1–2</div> | rowspan="2" |2018 Central American and Caribbean Games |- |<div class="center">13</div> |21 July 2018 |{{Fbw|CRC}} |- |<div class="center">14</div> | rowspan="3" |25 August 2018 | rowspan="8" |National Stadium, Kingston, [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|ATG}} |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> | rowspan="3" |<div class="center">9–0</div> | rowspan="8" |2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship qualification |- |<div class="center">15</div> |<div class="center">'''5'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">16</div> |<div class="center">'''6'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">17</div> |27 August 2018 |{{Fbw|BER}} |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> |<div class="center">4–0</div> |- |<div class="center">18</div> | rowspan="2" |31 August 2018 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|TTO}} |<div class="center">'''2'''–1</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">4–1</div> |- |<div class="center">19</div> |<div class="center">'''3'''–1</div> |- |<div class="center">20</div> | rowspan="2" |2 September 2018 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|CUB}} |<div class="center">'''2'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">6–1</div> |- |<div class="center">21</div> |<div class="center">'''5'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">22</div> |8 October 2018 | rowspan="2" |H-E-B Park, Edinburg, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |{{Fbw|CRC}} | rowspan="3" |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> |<div class="center">1–0</div> | rowspan="3" |2018 CONCACAF Women's Championship |- |<div class="center">23</div> |11 October 2018 |{{Fbw|CUB}} |<div class="center">9–0</div> |- |<div class="center">24</div> |17 October 2018 |Toyota Stadium, Frisco, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] |{{Fbw|PAN}} |<div class="center">2–2</div> |- |<div class="center">25</div> | rowspan="2" |3 March 2019 | rowspan="2" |Catherine Hall Sports Complex, Montego Bay, [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|CHI}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–1</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">3–2</div> | rowspan="7" |Friendly |- |<div class="center">26</div> |<div class="center">'''2'''–1</div> |- |<div class="center">27</div> |7 April 2019 |Moses Mabhida Stadium, [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu|South Africa]] |{{Fbw|RSA}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–1</div> |<div class="center">1–1</div> |- |<div class="center">28</div> | rowspan="2" |19 May 2019 | rowspan="2" |National Stadium, Kingston, [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|PAN}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">3–1</div> |- |<div class="center">29</div> |<div class="center">'''2'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">30</div> | rowspan="2" |28 May 2019 | rowspan="2" |Hampden Park, [[Glasgow]], Scotland | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|SCO}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |<div class="center">2–3</div> |- |<div class="center">31</div> |<div class="center">'''2'''–2</div> |- |<div class="center">32</div> |4 October 2019 | rowspan="9" |National Stadium, Kingston, [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] |{{Fbw|BRB}} |<div class="center">'''7'''–0</div> |<div class="center">7–0</div> | rowspan="9" |2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship qualification |- |<div class="center">33</div> | rowspan="3" |6 October 2019 | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|LCA}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="3" |<div class="center">11–0</div> |- |<div class="center">34</div> |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">35</div> |<div class="center">'''6'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">36</div> | rowspan="5" |8 October 2019 | rowspan="5" |{{Fbw|VIR}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="7" |<div class="center">7–0</div> |- |<div class="center">37</div> |<div class="center">'''3'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">38</div> |<div class="center">'''4'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">39</div> |<div class="center">'''5'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">40</div> |<div class="center">'''7'''–0</div> |- |<div class="center">41</div> | rowspan="2" |4 February 2020 | rowspan="2" |H-E-B Park, Edinburg, [[Tarayyar Amurka|United States]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|SKN}} |<div class="center">'''1'''–0</div> | rowspan="2" |2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship |- |<div class="center">42</div> |<div class="center">'''4'''–0</div> |} == Daraja == A cikin shekara ta 2018, an zabi Shaw dan ''wasan kwallon kafa na Guardian'' na shekara, kyautar da aka bai wa dan kwallon "wanda ya yi wani abin mamaki kwarai da gaske, ko ta hanyar shawo kan wahala, taimaka wa wasu ko kuma kafa misali na wasanni ta hanyar aiki da gaskiya ta musamman." == Farkon rayuwa == An haifi Shaw a garin Mutanen Espanya, Jamaica ga George Shaw, mai yin takalma, da mahaifiyar Monica, manomi na kaza.[1] Ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'yan'uwa maza da mata 13. Shaw an ba ta lakabi da 'Bunny' daga ɗan'uwanta Kentardo saboda son karot a ƙuruciya.[2] Ta halarci makarantar sakandare a St. Jago High School . [3] Shaw ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da 'yan uwanta kafin dan uwanta Kentardo ya koya mata yana da shekaru 10. A lokacin da yake da shekaru 13, an kira Shaw zuwa ƙungiyar Jamaica U15s a karon farko. Yayinda take wakiltar Jamaica, ta sami tallafin karatu daga Kwalejin Navarro a Texas da Kwalejin Jihar Florida ta Gabas. Daga nan ne [[Jami'ar Tennessee]] ta gano ta.Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Tennessee tare da digiri a cikin sadarwa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}  == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player/420517/ Bayanin Dan wasa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615041504/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/players/player/420517/ |date=2019-06-15 }} a FIFA FIFA Kofin Duniya na 2019 * [https://utsports.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=6570 Bayanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jami'ar Tennessee] [[Category:Mutane dagaSpanish]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1997]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bqupcf6dyoa84969fvtpsz9n6q65v5f 4 21908 905303 904614 2026-08-20T21:25:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 905303 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Madhurendra Kr|Madhurendra Kr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Madhurendra Kr|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |2 |[[User:AdamsVanessa|AdamsVanessa]] |[[Special:Contributions/AdamsVanessa|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |3 |[[User:7amoudy|7amoudy]] |[[Special:Contributions/7amoudy|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |4 |[[User:ColateoCuza767|ColateoCuza767]] |[[Special:Contributions/ColateoCuza767|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Kabeer khamees Bichi|Kabeer khamees Bichi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kabeer khamees Bichi|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |6 |[[User:DeBoy07|DeBoy07]] |[[Special:Contributions/DeBoy07|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |7 |[[User:아만다엔피|아만다엔피]] |[[Special:Contributions/아만다엔피|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga 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|[[Special:Contributions/Mamu Fatima|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Malamijou|Malamijou]] |[[Special:Contributions/Malamijou|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Hauwa Hamisu|Hauwa Hamisu]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hauwa Hamisu|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Aisha Ashiru Abbas|Aisha Ashiru Abbas]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aisha Ashiru Abbas|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |20 |[[User:Matttwd|Matttwd]] |[[Special:Contributions/Matttwd|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Amiina Ibrahim A|Amiina Ibrahim A]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amiina Ibrahim A|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Hauwau basiru|Hauwau basiru]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hauwau basiru|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Sadiqg01|Sadiqg01]] |[[Special:Contributions/Sadiqg01|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Husnah11|Husnah11]] |[[Special:Contributions/Husnah11|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |25 |[[User:Ibrahim ma'azu sule|Ibrahim ma'azu sule]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim ma'azu sule|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |26 |[[User:KamyyFallon|KamyyFallon]] |[[Special:Contributions/KamyyFallon|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Babankhadijat|Babankhadijat]] |[[Special:Contributions/Babankhadijat|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |28 |[[User:Hobbycheck|Hobbycheck]] |[[Special:Contributions/Hobbycheck|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |29 |[[User:Wistula|Wistula]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wistula|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |30 |[[User:Ewkena|Ewkena]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ewkena|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Stardust16|Stardust16]] |[[Special:Contributions/Stardust16|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |32 |[[User:Joy Biose|Joy Biose]] |[[Special:Contributions/Joy Biose|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |33 |[[User:HelloImSteven|HelloImSteven]] |[[Special:Contributions/HelloImSteven|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 19 ga Augusta 2026 |- |34 |[[User:Dogru144|Dogru144]] |[[Special:Contributions/Dogru144|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |35 |[[User:Akzey|Akzey]] |[[Special:Contributions/Akzey|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |36 |[[User:Serols|Serols]] |[[Special:Contributions/Serols|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |37 |[[User:Chipichapororo|Chipichapororo]] |[[Special:Contributions/Chipichapororo|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |38 |[[User:Afaimashan|Afaimashan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Afaimashan|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |39 |[[User:Yakubu19|Yakubu19]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yakubu19|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |40 |[[User:Shaaibu labiru|Shaaibu labiru]] |[[Special:Contributions/Shaaibu labiru|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |41 |[[User:Думаюкккккккккк|Думаюкккккккккк]] |[[Special:Contributions/Думаюкккккккккк|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |42 |[[User:Stmodeas|Stmodeas]] |[[Special:Contributions/Stmodeas|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |43 |[[User:90imrana|90imrana]] |[[Special:Contributions/90imrana|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |44 |[[User:潘少凱|潘少凱]] |[[Special:Contributions/潘少凱|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |45 |[[User:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] |[[Special:Contributions/Interlingvisto|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |46 |[[User:VFFM|VFFM]] |[[Special:Contributions/VFFM|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |47 |[[User:Carlitos060130|Carlitos060130]] |[[Special:Contributions/Carlitos060130|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 20 ga Augusta 2026 |- |} 7jtuy86hrusxsbl96c0t09dxrii404h 0 25403 905381 635857 2026-08-21T04:20:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ina Grace Tabor''' an haife ta a 24 Maris shekarar 1874, a Cuba, New York ta mutu a 15 Oktoba shekarar 1971, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iawadb.lib.vt.edu/view_all.php?person_pk=1634|title=IAWA Biographical Database|website=iawadb.lib.vt.edu|access-date=2020-01-17}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ta kasance ƴaran ƙasar Amurka [[landscape architect]], mai zane, Marubuciya, kuma edita. Ta zamo ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka bayyana kanta a matsayin mai zanen [[landscape architect]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cvLao3w2HyQC|title=Design with Culture: Claiming America's Landscape Heritage|last1=Birnbaum|first1=Charles A.|last2=Hughes|first2=Mary V.|date=2005|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-2330-7|pages=9|language=en}}</ref> An fi saninta da mawallafiya a kan batutuwan zanen [[landscape design]], da aikin gona-(horticulture).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tclf.org/pioneer/grace-tabor|title=Grace Tabor {{!}} The Cultural Landscape Foundation|website=tclf.org|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref> Ita ce marubucin littattafan lambu guda goma, yawancinsu an buga su tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1921.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guG8y387KzoC|title=Pioneers of American Landscape Design: An Annotated Bibliography|last1=States (Project)|first1=Catalog of Landscape Records in the United|last2=Initiative (Project)|first2=Historic Landscape|date=1993|publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources|isbn=978-0-16-041974-4|pages=119|language=en}}</ref> ==Tarihin rayuwa da ilimi== An haifi Grace Tabor a ranar 24 ga Maris 1874 a [[Cuba]], [[New York]]. Ta yi karatu a [[Art Students League of New York|Arts Students League]] da kuma [[New York School of Applied Design for Women]] duka a birnin [[New York]].<ref name=":0" /> Tabor ta sami horon aikin lambu a [[Arnold Arboretum]] na Jami'ar [[Harvard University]].<ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1905, Tabor, ta fara tsara rubutu da zane don wallafe-wallafen kamar a Mujallar ''The Garden Magazine'' da ''Country Life''.<ref name=":0" /> Ta zama editan Mujallar ''The Garden Magazine'' (daga baya ''[[The American Home]]''); Mataimakin Daraktan, Makarantar Aikin Noma ta Jihar [[New York]] akan [[Long Island]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00094868/00028|title=[Letter to Xavier L. Pellicer]|website=ufdc.ufl.edu|language=en|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref> Tabor, ta shafe yawancin rayuwarta (ta balaga) a yankin birnin [[New York]].<ref name=":3" /> Bayan ta yi ritaya, ta koma kudu, tana zama a jihohi daban-daban.<ref name=":0" /> ==Aiki== A cikin 1914-1915 Tabor, ta fara aikin (landscape architecture) a asirce, musamman a kusa da birnin [[New York]].<ref name=":2" /> Ta gwammace ta tsara lambuna don masu matsakaicin kuɗin shiga maimakon masu arziki. Sakamakon haka, ba a rubuta gonakinta a cikin wallafe-wallafe ba.<ref name=":0" /> Hukumar Lambun Yaƙi ta Ƙasa-(The National War Garden Commission) ta aika da ita yawon shakatawa na talla a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya (WW1), don sha'awar samar da abinci a cikin Lambunan Yaƙi. Bayan yakin duniya na ɗaya, an naɗa ta shugabar sashin aikin gona na kwamitin Miss [[Anne Morgan]] na Faransa, kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi a lokacin kasancewar kwamitin.<ref name=":2" /> A cikin 1920 Tabor ta rubuta wani littafi ''Come into the Garden'' inda ta yi magana game da yawan amfani da tsirai, tana ƙarfafa gwaiwar masu lambu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ephenry.com/every-garden-old-is-new-again-nostalgia-plants-for-now/|title=Every garden old is new again: Nostalgia plants for now|date=2019-05-13|website=EP Henry|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-17|archive-date=2019-11-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119213301/https://ephenry.com/every-garden-old-is-new-again-nostalgia-plants-for-now/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 1923 a matsayin ta na mai zane, mujallar ''[[Woman's Home Companion|Woman’s Home Companion]]'' ta nemi ta kafa Sashen Lambun a cikin wannan mujallar kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin editanta.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal|date=1929|title=Harvesting the Vegetables|url=https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1084&context=homemaker|journal=The Iowa Homemaker|volume=9|issue=3|pages=14}}</ref> Ta fara aiki a mujallar har zuwa 1941. Ta hanyar ''Woman's Home Companion'', wanda a lokacin tana cikin manyan mujallun mata a ƙasar.<ref name=":1" /> Ta bambanta tsohon da sabon salon aikin lambu tare da zane mai hoto na shimfidar wuri kafin da bayan gyare-gyare, ta sanya alamar "kafin" a matsayin "kuskure a cikin shimfidar wuri".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2h6zK4PvpsC|title=American Home Life, 1880-1930: A Social History of Spaces and Services|last1=Foy|first1=Jessica H.|last2=Schlereth|first2=Thomas J.|date=August 1994|publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press|isbn=978-0-87049-855-8|pages=201|language=en}}</ref> Rubutu da take ma ''Woman's Home Companion'' an ɗauke shi a matsayin gungun masu ba da shawara mata game da batun.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NA4kiuORSOMC|title=Women and the Press: The Struggle for Equality|last=Bradley|first=Patricia|date=2005-12-07|publisher=Northwestern University Press|isbn=978-0-8101-2313-7|pages=102|language=en}}</ref> Tabor ta rubuta littattafan lambu guda goma, yawancinsu an buga su tsakanin 1910 zuwa 1921.<ref name=":0" /> Daga cikin muhimman littattafan akwai ''The Landscape Gardening Book'' (1911) da ''Come into the Garden'' (1921).<ref name=":1" /> A cikin littafinta ''Old-Fashioned Gardening (1913)'' Tabor ta gabatar wa da masu karatu, lambuna na Amurka, Mulkin Mallaka.<ref name=":1" /> A cikin 1951 Tabor ta buga littafinta na ƙarshe ''Making a Garden of Perennials.''<ref name=":3" /> A cikin 1932 ta ba da shawarar dasa sabbin bishiyoyi miliyan 10 a Amurka don bikin cika shekaru biyu na haihuwar [[George Washington]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sactownmag.com/April-May-2015/Nightmare-on-Elm-Streets/|title=Nightmare on Elm Streets|website=www.sactownmag.com|access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref> Ta kasance edita na Mujallar Tsirrai, Fure da 'Ya'yan itace ta ƙasa.<ref name=":0" /> Ta kuma ba da gudummawa sosai ga mujallar [[House & Garden (magazine)|House and Garden]], tana rubuta akan lambu a kowane wata da labarai masu zurfi game da aikin lambu.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z1_m2UNb-GgC|title=The Once & Future Gardener: Garden Writing from the Golden Age of Magazines, 1900-1940|last=Clayton|first=Virginia Tuttle|date=2000|publisher=David R. Godine Publisher|isbn=978-1-56792-102-1|pages=29|language=en}}</ref> == Wallafe-wallafen== * 1911 – ''The landscape gardening book, wherein are set down the simple laws of beauty and utility which should guide the development of all grounds''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/landscape-gardening-book-wherein-are-set-down-the-simple-laws-of-beauty-and-utility-which-should-guide-the-development-of-all-grounds/oclc/1837042|title=The landscape gardening book, wherein are set down the simple laws of beauty and utility which should guide the development of all grounds|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1911|publisher=McBride, Winston & Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=1837042}}</ref> * 1911 – ''The garden primer; a practical handbook on the elements of gardening for beginners''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/garden-primer-a-practical-handbook-on-the-elements-of-gardening-for-beginners/oclc/3807532|title=The garden primer; a practical handbook on the elements of gardening for beginners.|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1911|publisher=McBride, Nast & Co.|location=New York|language=en|oclc=3807532}}</ref> * 1912 – ''Making a garden to bloom this year''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/making-a-garden-to-bloom-this-year/oclc/368753|title=Making a garden to bloom this year|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1912|publisher=McBride, Nast & Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=368753}}</ref> * 1912 – ''Making the grounds attractive with shrubs''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/making-the-grounds-attractive-with-shrubs/oclc/3189121|title=Making the grounds attractive with shrubs|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1912|publisher=McBride|location=New York|language=en|oclc=3189121}}</ref> *1912 – ''Making the grounds attractive with shrubbery''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRU9AAAAYAAJ|title=Making the grounds attractive with shrubbery|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1913|publisher=McBride, Nast|location=New York|language=en|oclc=681232247}}</ref> *1912 – ''Making a bulb garden''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/making-a-bulb-garden/oclc/1838042|title=Making a bulb garden|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1912|publisher=McBride, Nast & Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=1838042}}</ref> *1913 – ''Old-Fashioned gardening; a history and a reconstruction''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/old-fashioned-gardening-a-history-and-a-reconstruction/oclc/2901759|title=Old-fashioned gardening; a history and a reconstruction|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1913|publisher=McBride, Nast & Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=2901759}}</ref> *1913 – ''Suburban gardens''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/suburban-gardens/oclc/8912509|title=Suburban gardens|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1913|publisher=Outing Publishing Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=8912509}}</ref> *1916 – ''Wonderdays and wonderways through flowerland; a summer adventure of once upon a time''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/wonderdays-and-wonderways-through-flowerland-a-summer-adventure-of-once-upon-a-time/oclc/8145805|title=Wonderdays and wonderways through flowerland; a summer adventure of once upon a time|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1916|publisher=R.M. McBride & Company|location=New York|language=en|oclc=8145805}}</ref> *1921 – ''Come into the garden''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/come-into-the-garden/oclc/2480351|title=Come into the garden|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1921|publisher=The Macmillan Co.|location=New York|language=en|oclc=2480351}}</ref> *1934 – ''Herbs in cooking''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/herbs-in-cooking/oclc/51102570|title=Herbs in cooking|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1934|publisher=Woman's Home Companion|location=New York City|language=en|oclc=51102570}}</ref> *1951 – ''Making a garden of perennials''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/making-a-garden-of-perennials/oclc/1597679|title=Making a garden of perennials.|last=Tabor|first=Grace|date=1951|publisher=McBride|location=New York|language=en|oclc=1597679}}</ref> ==Mutuwa== Ta mutu a shekarar 1973. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/106781657/grace-tabor Grace Tabor on Findgrave] [[Category:Mutuwan 1973]] bt2oln39o6u6hxx06y1x58quqpko7sp 0 30292 905546 428679 2026-08-21T10:12:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} " '''Haƙƙin maye gurbi (RTR)''' " dokoki ne da ake da su a wasu jihohin Indiya waɗanda ke ba wa 'yan ƙasa damar cire ko maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati da ke rike da mukaman Sarpanch, Mukhiya, Kamfanin kamfani da Magajin Gari a cikin gwamnati. == Tarihi == A Indiya ta zamani, Sachindra Nath Sanyal ne ya fara neman 'yancin maye gurbin ma'aikatan gwamnati. Sachindra Nath Sanyal wasu ne suka rubuta bayanin kungiyar Hindustan Republican Association a cikin Disamba Shekarata 1924. A cikin littafinsa an rubuta cewa, "A wannan jamhuriya masu zabe za su sami 'yancin kiran wakilansu, idan ana so, in ba haka ba dimokuradiyya za ta zama abin izgili." <ref name="Sachindra Nath Sanyal">"Letter, Writtings and Statements of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his Co-patriots" http://www.shahidbhagatsingh.org/index.asp?link=revolutionary</ref> Muhawarar Tunawa da zababbun wakilai na da dadadden tarihi a dimokuradiyyar Indiya; har an tattauna lamarin a Majalisar Zartarwa. Sannan Kuma Muhawarar ta ta'allaka ne kan imanin cewa 'yancin yin kira dole ne ya kasance tare da 'yancin zaɓe kuma masu jefa ƙuri'a dole ne a samar musu da maganin 'idan abubuwa sun lalace'. Sai dai Dr. BR Ambedkar bai amince da wannan gyara ba. <ref name="Constituent Assembly">"Journal of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies January - December 2015" https://ipsdelhi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Right-to-Recall-in-India-An-Analysis-Kota-Neelima-1.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161349/https://ipsdelhi.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Right-to-Recall-in-India-An-Analysis-Kota-Neelima-1.pdf |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> Yayin da wasu mambobin suka yi imanin cewa Recall zai taimaka wajen ilimin siyasa na mutane kuma zai karfafa masu jefa kuri'a suyi tunani, Kuma wasu sun yi jayayya cewa ba zai dace ba a samar da tanadin Tunawa a farkon dimokuradiyyar Indiya. An ji cewa Recall zai mayar da mazabar fagen fama tsakanin ’yan takara kuma ba dole ba ne ya sanya su zama masu adawa da hamayyar siyasa. <ref name="Constituent Assembly"/> “Idan akwai wasu bata gari ko wasu bakaken tunkiya da suka rasa amincewar mazabarsu har yanzu suna son ci gaba da wakiltar mazabar a majalisar, saboda wasu munanan lokuta bai kamata mu lalata mazabarmu ba. Sannan Kuma Ya kamata mu bar shi kamar yadda yake, ga kyakkyawar ma'anar membobin da abin ya shafa "Sardar Vallabh bhai Patel a ranar 18 ga Yuli yayin da yake tattaunawa game da gyare-gyaren da aka ba da shawara kan ikon tunawa a cikin muhawarar majalisar wakilai. <ref name="Debates_1947">"CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY OF INDIA DEBATES (PROCEEDINGS)-VOLUME IV Friday, the 18th July 1947" http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/writereaddata/cadebatefiles/C18071947.html</ref> A lokaci guda, duk da haka, wasu membobin sun ji tsoron cewa ƙungiyoyin ƙauye ko na gundumomi na iya zama masu mulkin kama-karya ba tare da Ƙaddamar Amincewa ko Tunawa ba. <ref name="Constituent Assembly"/> Dokar Tunawa ta farko ta zo ne a matsayin tanadin rashin amincewa kan Sarpanch da membobin Gram Sabha suka yi a Uttar Pradesh a cikin shekarata 1947. <ref name="UP_Law">"The U.P. Panchayat Raj Act, 1947, page 32, section 14" http://panchayatiraj.up.nic.in/docs/ActsnRules/GP-Act-1947-English.pdf</ref> == Jihohin da ke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Panchayat == An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Panchayat a cikin jihohin [[Uttar Pradesh]], <ref name="UP_Law"/> [[Uttarakhand]], <ref name="UK_Law">"उत्तराखंड पंचायती राज अधिनियम, 2016" http://ukpanchayat.org/pdf/Panchayati-Raj-Adhiniyam-2016.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712195425/http://ukpanchayat.org/pdf/Panchayati-Raj-Adhiniyam-2016.pdf |date=2018-07-12 }}</ref> [[Bihar]], <ref name="BH_Law">"THE BIHAR PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT, 2006" http://biharprd.bih.nic.in/StateActRules/ACT_Bihar%20Panchayat%20Raj%20Act%202006%20-%20English.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331133146/http://biharprd.bih.nic.in/StateActRules/ACT_Bihar%20Panchayat%20Raj%20Act%202006%20-%20English.pdf |date=2020-03-31 }}</ref> [[Jharkhand]], <ref name="JH_Law">"The Jharkhand Panchayat Raj Act, 2001" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135070/the-jharkhand-panchayat-raj-act-2001-complete-act {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161353/https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135070/the-jharkhand-panchayat-raj-act-2001-complete-act |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> [[Madhya Pradesh]], <ref name="MP_Law">"The M.P. Panchayat Raj Avam Gram Swaraj Adhiniyam, 1993" http://www.bareactslive.com/MP/MP558.HTM {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161350/http://www.bareactslive.com/MP/MP558.HTM |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> [[Chhattisgarh|Chhatisgarh]], <ref name="CH_Law">"The Chhattisgarh Panchayat Raj Adhiniyam, 1993" http://www.bareactslive.com/Ch/CG043.HTM {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161350/http://www.bareactslive.com/Ch/CG043.HTM |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> [[Maharashtra]] <ref name="MH_Law">"THE MAHARASHTRA VILLAGE PANCHAYATS ACT" https://mahasec.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/Upload/GR/The%20Maharashtra%20Village%20Panchayts%20Act.pdf</ref> da [[Himachal Pradesh]] <ref name="HP_Law" .<ref>"THE HIMACHAL PRADESH PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT, 1994" https://hppanchayat.nic.in/PDF/THE%20HIMACHAL%20PRADESH%20PANCHAYATI%20RAJ%20ACT,%201994(Final).pdf</ref> Dama Don Tunawa Sarpanch shima kwanan nan ya wuce don [[Haryana]] . Hanyar Tunawa akan Sarpanch hanya ce ta mataki 2 wacce 'yan ƙasa za su iya farawa kai tsaye. Bayan lokacin kulle-kulle na shekaru 1-2 daban-daban daga jaha zuwa jaha, wasu adadin masu jefa ƙuri'a na Gram Sabha suna buƙatar gabatar da sa hannunsu / yatsan yatsan hannu da ƙara ofishin tattarawa. Bayan tabbatar da sa hannun, Kuma an shirya taron duk membobin Gram Sabha kuma idan yawancin Gram Sabha suka kada kuri'ar adawa da Sarpanch mai zaman, an cire Sarpanch. <ref name="UP_Law"/> <ref name="BH_Law"/> <ref name="JH_Law"/> <ref name="MH_Law"/> <ref name="HP_Law">"THE HIMACHAL PRADESH PANCHAYATI RAJ ACT, 1994" https://hppanchayat.nic.in/PDF/THE%20HIMACHAL%20PRADESH%20PANCHAYATI%20RAJ%20ACT,%201994(Final).pdf</ref> == Rashin Tasirin Haƙƙin Tunawa da dokoki a matakin Panchayat == Tun a shekarar 1947 aka fara yin tunawa a Uttar Pradesh kuma a Madhya Pradesh sama da shekaru goma yanzu amma ba a yi motsa jiki sosai a matakin Gram Panchayats ba, saboda rashin sanin yakamata. <ref>"MP: ‘Right to Recall’ in Panchayats not exercised" https://zeenews.india.com/news/madhya-pradesh/mp-right-to-recall-in-panchayats-not-exercised_731873.html</ref> Duk da cewa mazauna kauyukan da ke cikin wadannan jihohin suna da ikon cire Sarpanch dinsu kai tsaye, Kuma cin hanci da rashawa da Sarpanch na wadannan jihohin ya yi yawa kuma ya yadu. <ref>"PMAY: Corruption Brings Housing Construction to a Standstill in UP's Village" https://www.videovolunteers.org/pmay-corruption-brings-housing-construction-to-a-standstill-in-ups-village/</ref> <ref>"Thane: Woman Sarpanch Accepts Rs. 2.5 Lakh Bribe By Cheque, Arrested" https://www.ndtv.com/cities/thane-woman-sarpanch-accepts-rs-2-5-lakh-bribe-by-cheque-arrested-584091</ref> <ref>"बेलगांव सरपंच ने पीएम आवास में लांघी भ्रष्टाचार की सीमा" http://www.palpalindia.com/2017/11/07/anuppur-mp-Belgaum-Sarpanch-PM-Housing-Scheme-Corruption-Interests-Bribery-news-in-hindi-216877.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161355/http://www.palpalindia.com/2017/11/07/anuppur-mp-Belgaum-Sarpanch-PM-Housing-Scheme-Corruption-Interests-Bribery-news-in-hindi-216877.html |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> <ref>"सचिव सरपंच की मिलीभगत से पंचायत के लाखों रुपए के कामों में हेराफेरी का आरोप, आंगनवाड़ी भवन बना खंडहर, दीवारों में आईं दरारें" https://www.newindiatimes.net/?p=44496</ref> <ref>"Millionaire mukhiyas" https://www.downtoearth.org.in/coverage/millionaire-mukhiyas-42170</ref> == Jihohin da suke da dokokin Tunawa a matakin Municipal == An aiwatar da Tunawa a matakin Municipal a cikin jihohin [[Madhya Pradesh]], <ref>"The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961" http://www.mpurban.gov.in/pdf/MunicipalCorporationACT1961.pdf</ref> [[Chhattisgarh|Chhatisgarh]], <ref>"The Chhattisgarh Municipalities Act, 1961 Complete Act" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/134620/the-chhattisgarh-municipalities-act-1961-complete-act {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161349/https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/134620/the-chhattisgarh-municipalities-act-1961-complete-act |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> [[Bihar]], <ref>"बिहार नगरपालिका विधेयेक 2007" http://urban.bih.nic.in/Acts/AR-02-29-03-2007.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303113138/http://urban.bih.nic.in/Acts/AR-02-29-03-2007.pdf |date=2019-03-03 }}</ref> [[Jharkhand]] <ref>"The Jharkhand Municipal Act, 2011 Complete Act" https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135068/the-jharkhand-municipal-act-2011-complete-act {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161350/https://www.legalcrystal.com/act/135068/the-jharkhand-municipal-act-2011-complete-act |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> da [[Rajasthan]] . <ref>"The Rajasthan Municipalities (Amendment) Act, 2010" http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/rajasthan/2010/2010Rajasthan19.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629161349/http://www.lawsofindia.org/pdf/rajasthan/2010/2010Rajasthan19.pdf |date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> == Haƙƙin Tunawa da kudirin da aka gabatar na MP da MLA == Kundin Tsarin Mulki (gyara) Kudiri game da haƙƙin masu jefa ƙuri'a na tunawa da zaɓaɓɓun wakilai an gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha ta CK Chandrappan a cikin shekarata 1974 kuma Atal Bihari Vajpayee ya goyi bayan wannan amma kudurin bai zartar ba. Hukumar zabe ta Indiya ta yi adawa da wannan Hakki kuma an yi muhawara tare da ba da haske a cikin siyasar Indiya . <ref>"Right to recall a dangerous idea" https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/right-to-recall-a-dangerous-idea/article20351844.ece1</ref> <ref>"A Critical Take On ‘Right To Recall’" https://web.archive.org/web/20180726071205/https://www.livelaw.in/critical-take-right-recall/</ref> Kudirin memba mai zaman kansa, Dokar wakilcin Jama'a (gyara), shekarata 2016 Varun Gandhi ya gabatar da shi a Lok Sabha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bigfsnzacbpwho5ghwzkwi2jhrvk6un 0 32760 905109 217922 2026-08-20T16:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Eyibi/Eluku'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=A History of Ikorodu From Earliest Times {{!}} PDF {{!}} City {{!}} Human Migration|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/404964179/A-History-of-Ikorodu-from-earliest-times|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Scribd|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Present Day|url=http://www.ikoroduoga.net/index.php/history/present-day|access-date=2021-08-25|website=www.ikoroduoga.net}}</ref> wani biki ne da garuruwa da ƙauyuka suka gudanar a yankin Ikorodu a [[jihar Legas]]. Biki ne na gargajiya na shekara-shekara wanda ya kasance na kabila, domin maza ne kawai wadanda suka fito daga garin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Culture and Religion - Ikorodu Progressives Association UK|url=http://www.ikoroduprogressives.com/culture-and-religion/|access-date=2021-08-25|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825201828/http://www.ikoroduprogressives.com/culture-and-religion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa na maza ne musamman ’yan asalin Ikorodu. Bikin Eluku nau'in [[Bikin Oro|bikin Oror]] Yarabawa ne na gama gari. A lokacin bikin, mata da wadanda ba 'yan asalin ba sukan zauna a gida na tsawon sa'o'i 24, amma ci gaban tattalin arzikin garin ya takaita lokacin zuwa kusan sa'o'i 12 da kuma wasu wurare da aka zaba a cikin garin; kusa da fada da kuma wurin ibada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-26|title=Eluku festival is restricted to certain areas not entire town - Monarch|url=https://www.pulse.ng/gist/in-ikorodu-eluku-festival-is-restricted-to-certain-areas-not-entire-town-monarch/921hk7t|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-24|title=Eyibi/Eluku festival: Ikorodu monarch debunks restriction of human, vehicular movements|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/08/eyibieluku-festival-ikorodu-monarch-debunks-restriction-human-vehicular-movements/|access-date=2021-08-25|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> A al'adance ana kiran wannan biki da bikin Eyibi wanda ke fitowa daga wajen Ubangiji mai suna ELUKU. Ayyuka da hane-hane da ke tafiya tare da fitowar Eluku sun mamaye bikin Eyibi; wadanda ba ‘yan kasar ba da kuma baki sun canza sunan bikin a fakaice zuwa bikin Eluku. Ana kyautata zaton Eluku shine mai zartar da hukunci kan wadanda aka samu da laifin karya doka da kuma watsi da kwastan na Garin. Bikin Eyibi/Eluku 1 ne daga cikin manyan bukukuwa 4 da ake yi a Ikorodu. Yana da tsarki ga ƴan ƙasar. == Manazarta == 5fsu0hklx0or1ajvnv7akgq6j9whxxe 0 34874 905312 635705 2026-08-20T22:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q26899153}} '''Freda Akosua Oheneafrewo Prempeh''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Janairu, 1966)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=158|title=Ghana Parliament member Freda Akosua Oheneafrewo Prempeh|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2019-10-06|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306111410/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=158|url-status=dead}}</ref> 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Ghana, kuma 'yar majalisa, a majalisa ta bakwai kuma 'yar majalisa ta takwas na jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazaɓar Tano ta Arewa a yankin Ahafo, Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/constituency/59/|title=Ghana Election Results|website=Ghana Elections 2012 - Peace FM|accessdate=2016-09-11|archive-date=2016-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413192901/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/constituency/59/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/politics/NPP-Primaries-Hon-Freda-Retains-Tano-North-Constituency-Seat-362556|title=NPP Primaries: Hon. Freda Retains Tano North Constituency Seat|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2016-09-11}}</ref> A halin yanzu ita ce ƙaramar ministar ma'aikatar ayyuka da gidaje ta Ghana. A baya ta taɓa zama mataimakiyar ministar jinsi da kuma 'yar majalisa - "Matar majalisa" daga 2002 zuwa 2010 na yankin zaɓen Lakoo na mazaɓar La-Dadekotopo a babban yankin Accra.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mitsughana.com/profile-of-hon-freda-prempeh/|title=Profile of Hon.Freda Prempeh|last=Sir|first=Coffie|date=14 August 2018|access-date=4 August 2022|archive-date=23 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423132649/https://mitsughana.com/profile-of-hon-freda-prempeh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, an naɗa ta shugabar kwamitin shirya gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka ta mata 2018 mai mambobi 11.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/tano-north-mp-freda-prempeh-sworn-in-as-awcon-loc-chair.html|title=Tano North MP Freda Prempeh sworn-in as AWCON LOC chair|date=2017-09-28|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-10-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sport.citifmonline.com/tag/hon-freda-prempeh/|title=Hon. Freda Prempeh {{!}} Citi Sport|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-06|archive-date=2019-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006145342/https://sport.citifmonline.com/tag/hon-freda-prempeh/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/sports/sports-ghana-must-bid-to-host-afcon-2019-awcon-chairperson-says/t4w9xby|title=Ghana must bid to host AFCON 2019 – AWCON Chairperson says|date=2018-12-04|website=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-06|archive-date=2022-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172046/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/sports/sports-ghana-must-bid-to-host-afcon-2019-awcon-chairperson-says/t4w9xby|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/01/ready-host-womens-afcon-freda-prempeh/|title=We’re ready to host Women’s AFCON- Freda Prempeh {{!}} Starr Fm|last=Bebli|first=Anthony|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-06}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haife ta a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 1966 a Accra ga dangin sarauta na Ghana. Ita ce 'ya ta uku ga marigayi Ohenenana Akwasi Agyeman Dua-Prempeh, na gidan sarautar Ashanti da marigayiya Nana Amma Serwaa, Kontihemaa na Duayaw Nkwanta, (wanda aka sani a cikin sirrin rayuwa kamar Madam Georgina Ansah). [[File:Hon. Freda Prempeh.jpg|thumb|Freda Akosua Prempeh]] Freda ta fara karatunta na farko a Makarantar Firamare ta Jami'ar Kumasi sannan ta ci gaba da matakinta na Ordinary(O) a Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha (yanzu KNUST Senior High School) a Kumasi, Ghana. Sannan ta ci gaba da samun Advanced level Certificate (A level) a Accra Workers College a Accra, Ghana. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Jarida ta Ghana, inda tayi Diploma a cikin Harkokin Jama'a da Talla. Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana ta karrama ta a cikin Babban Jami'in Jama'a a 1998. Tana da Takaddun shaida da kuma Babban Takaddun shaida a Kasuwanci, DipM, MCIM, Chartered Marketer Professional Postgraduate Diploma a Talla, duk daga Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Chartered, Ƙasar Ingila. Ta sami digirin ta a (Business Administration), Option na Human Resource Management daga Jami'ar Ghana a shekarar 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/details.php?id=2507|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Prempeh, Freda|website=ghanamps.com|accessdate=2016-09-11|archive-date=2024-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927062119/https://ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/details.php/?id=2507|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma karanta MA Comms, Media and Public Relations a Jami'ar Leicester, UK, sannan ta yi digirin digirgir kan harkokin kasuwanci daga Ghana. Kwalejin Jami'ar Fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=240|title=Parliament of Ghana|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2019-03-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mitsughana.com/profile-of-hon-freda-prempeh/|title=Profile of Hon. Freda Prempeh – Mitsu Ghana|language=en-US|access-date=2019-04-23|archive-date=2019-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423132649/https://mitsughana.com/profile-of-hon-freda-prempeh/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Freda Akosua Prempeh ta fito ne daga Duayaw Nkwanta, babban birnin mazaɓarta ta Tano North, a yankin Ahafo, Ghana. Ita Kirista ce, kuma tana da aure da ɗa. Freda ta kusan rasa ranta sakamakon ambaliyar ruwa da bala'in gobara a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2015 a da'irar, Accra.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliament shed tears for Circle disaster|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/social/parliament-sheds-tears-for-circle-disaster--90184|website=Ghana news agency|publisher=Ghana News Agency|date=5 June 2015}}</ref> Kafin zaɓen Freda a cikin ofishi a matsayin memba a majalisa a 2013, ta kasance mai gudanarwa a Otal din Point Huɗu a Sunyani kuma ta yi aiki tare da Ofishin Kurkuku na tsawon shekaru 10. Ita 'yar wasa ce mai son motsa jiki da kuma mai yarda da ƙarfin mata. == Rayuwar siyasa == Freda Prempeh mallakar New Patriotic Party (N.P.P.). Aikinta na siyasa ya fara ne a 2002, a matsayin memba na Majalisar Wakilai na Yankin Za ~ e na Lakoo na Yankin La-Dadekotopo a Yankin Babban Accra, na tsawon shekaru 8, A watan Fabrairun 2006, An kira ta da ta yi aiki a Hukumar sulhu ta ƙasa a matsayin Jami'in Harkokin Jama'a na tsawon watanni 9. A yanzu haka ita ce memba a majalisar dokoki ta Tano North Constituency, kuma tana aiki a kan Ma'adanai da Makamashi, Kwamitin Tabbatar da Gwamnati a majalisa. Shugaba Akufo-Addo ne ya naɗa ta a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Ayyuka da Gidaje, a cikin 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/749220/im-ready-to-serve-as-the-deputy-minister-of-sportshon-fre.html|title=I'm Ready To Serve As The Deputy Minister Of Sports—Hon. Freda Prempeh|date=2017-01-14|website=Modern Ghana|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref> A yanzu haka ita ce Mataimakin Ministan Jinsi, Yara da Kariyar zamantakewa. [[File:Hon. Freda Prempeh.jpg|thumb|Freda Akosua Prempeh]] Ta tsaya takara a babban zaɓen Ghana na 2020 a matsayin 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta Tano North a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party, kuma ta yi nasara da fiye da kashi 51%. Wannan ya sa ta zama wa'adi na 3 a matsayin 'yar majalisa kuma yanzu ta zama 'yar majalisa ta 8 a jamhuriya ta huɗu. == Muƙamai na jagoranci da aka gudanar == * 2004-2008 Memba, Majalisar Gwamnonin, – Majalisar Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida      2005-2008 Memba – Hukumar Watsa Labarai ta ƙasa * 2005-2008 Member Board – Tsarin Inshorar Kiwon Lafiya na ƙasa, Kpeshie Sub- Metro, Accra             * 2002-2006 Shugaban kwamitin, Kwamitin Ci gaban (Accra Metropolitan Assembly) * 2006/2007 Kafa memba kuma Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa, Daliban Makarantar Ilimin Ilimin Kasuwanci na shekarar ( TESCON ), Jami'ar Ghana, Accra City Campus  * 2008 Memba na, Kwamitin Sadarwa. Jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party, Ƙungiyar Ƙawancen Ƙasa * Shugaban ƙasa da kuma wanda ta kafa, ƙungiyar Mata ta Mata ta Ghana == Membobin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwararru == * 31 Oktoba 2003 zuwa yau Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a (IPR, Ghana) - Amintaccen ➞➞➞ Memba. * Oktoba 2000 - Oktoba 2003➞Cibiyar Hulɗa da Jama'a (IPR) Ghana - Mataimakin Memba * Ƙungiyar 'Yan Jarida ta Ghana (GJA) - Mamba mai alaƙa == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1966]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] afkcj2z69jbr6094cfz70odpgg7dhfw 0 35130 905021 460355 2026-08-20T12:04:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cif Donald Dick Etiebet''' (1934 - 21 Yuli 2015) ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya kasance sanata a jamhuriya ta biyu a Najeriya (1979 - 1983). Daga nan ne aka zabe shi gwamnan jihar [[Cross river ]] tare da goyon bayan shugaban majalisar dattawa na lokacin Joseph Wayas da kuma Sanata Joseph Oqua Ansa duk sun kasance yan adawa da gwamna mai ci a lokacin Clement Isong, Fidelis Ikogo Nnang shi ne mataimakinsa, yana rike da wannan ofishin daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba 1983, lokacin da juyin mulkin soja ya kawo Janar [[Muhammadu Buhari ]kan karagar mulki. ==Rayuwar farko da Aiki== An haifi '''Etiebet''' a Ikot Ekpene a Jihar [[Akwa Ibom]], Dan kabilar [[Annang]]. Ya auri Nike Maryam Agunbiade, daga Jihar Oyo a shekarar 1991, kuma suna da ‘ya’ya uku.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/news/don-etiebet-other-apc-chiefs-raise-alarm-over-fake-delegates-list-to-national-convention/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-08-09 |archive-date=2022-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612133515/https://guardian.ng/news/don-etiebet-other-apc-chiefs-raise-alarm-over-fake-delegates-list-to-national-convention/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kanensa Donatus ("Don") Obot Etiebet ya rike mukamin Ministan Makamashi a majalisar ministocin [[Ernest Shonekan]] na kankanin lokaci, inda ya ci gaba da rike mukamin bayan wancan, gwamnatin da[[ Janar Sani Abacha]] ya tsigeshi, kuma daga baya ya zama dan takarar PDP na gwamnan jihar Akwa Ibom a shekarar 2007. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/195032-ex-gov-donald-etiebet-buried.html</ref> ==Siyasa== Bayan komawar dimokradiyya a 1999, Etiebet ya kasance shugaban jam'iyyar [[United Nigeria People's Party ]](UNPP), wacce daga baya ta hade da [[ All People's Party]] (APP) wadda takoma jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria People's Party ]]. (ANPP)An nada Etiebet Amatsayin mataimakin shugaban jam’iyyar ANPP ta Kudu. Daga baya Etiebet ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar ANPP na kasa bakidaya. Da yake magana da yawun jam’iyyar ANPP a watan Maris na shekarar 2003, Etiebet ya ce kamata ya yi a fitar da sakamakon zabe a rumfunan zabe kuma wakilan jam’iyyun siyasa su sanya hannu a kai a matsayin hanyar dakile tashe-tashen hankula a lokacin zabe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://medbox.iiab.me/kiwix/wikipedia_yo_all_maxi_2019-04/A/Donald_Etiebet |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-08-09 |archive-date=2025-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220142422/http://medbox.iiab.me/kiwix/wikipedia_yo_all_maxi_2019-04/A/Donald_Etiebet |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Shugaban majalisar koli=== A matsayinsa na shugaban majalisar koli ta dattawa a jihar Akwa Ibom, a watan Maris na shekarar 2004, Etiebet ya jagoranci tawagar shugabanni daga jihar Akwa Ibom domin ganawa da shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], inda suka tattauna kan dokar kawar da tsarin bakin teku wadda take raba kudaden shigar man fetur.<ref>https://thewhistler.ng/tag/donald-etiebet/</ref> ==Mutuwa== Mista Etiebet,ya mutu ranar 21 ga watan Yuli, 2015, an yi jana’izar shi a gidan iyalansa da ke Oruk Anam, a karamar hukumar Oruk Anam ta jihar akwa ibom. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1934]] [[category:Mutuwan 2015]] 0dop2en12800lb4h3sh002huphrxf5q 0 36589 905605 729255 2026-08-21T11:56:08Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905605 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lagos State Banner.jpg|thumb|Suna da yawan jama a kuma ko wanne da muhallin sa]] [[Fayil:Above View of Lagos Business District, Lagos Island. Nigeria, West Africa 15th March, 2017 Landscape (8).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Lagos drainage services.jpg|thumb|'''Lagos drainage services''']] '''Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Jihar Legas''' ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnatin jihar, wacce ke da alhakin tsarawa, shiryawa da kuma aiwatar da manufofin jihar ta bangaren kula da muhalli.<ref>"Commissioner for Environment, lagos state". ''informationng.com/''. Retrieved 2 March 2015.</ref><ref>"Lagos-State-Commissioner-for-Environment-Mr.-Tunji-Bello". ''dailyindependentnig.com''. Archived from the original on 8 March 2015. Retrieved 2 March2015.</ref> [https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/156945-example-lateef-jakande-okey-ndibe.html Alhaji Lateef Jakande] wanda shine [[Zaɓaɓɓu|zababben]] gwamnan [[Lagos (jiha)|jihar Legas]] na farko ya sassaka ma'aikatar muhalli daga ma'aikatar ayyuka, da sufuri na lokacin. Ma’aikatar Muhalli da Tsare-tsare wani sashe ne da ta hada da Ma’aikatar Tsare-tsare ta Jiki don zama Ma’aikatar Muhalli da Tsarin Jiki.<ref>admin (2013-06-06). "About MOE". Retrieved 2022-03-18.</ref> Tsohon [[Gwamnan Legas|Gwamnan Jihar Legas]], [[Bola Tinubu|Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu]], ya raba Ofishin Muhalli da Tsarin Jiki a shekarar 2003, ya kuma daukaka ofishin Muhalli zuwa ma’aikatar.<ref>"Ministry of Water Resources and Environment – Just another Lagos State Government site". Retrieved 2022-03-17.</ref> Babban makasudin ma'aikatar shi ne gina yanayi mai tsafta, lafiyayye, kuma muhalli mai dorewa wanda zai inganta yawon shakatawa, cigaban tattalin arziki, da jin dadin jama'a. Mista Tunji Bello ne ya rantsar da kwamishinan ma’aikatar muhalli na jihar Legas a gaban Gwamna [[Babajide Sanwo-Olu|Babajide Olusola Sanwo-Olu]] a ranar 20 ga watan Agusta, 2019.<ref>"Lagos most vulnerable city proned to climate change impacts in Nigeria - Tunji Bello". ''Vanguard News''. 2022-02-10. Retrieved 2022-03-16.</ref> Gwamnatin jihar Legas a karkashin [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|gwamnatin]] Gwamna Babajide Sanwo-Olu ta fito a hukumance "Citi Monitor," wani kayan aiki na yanar gizo don bin diddigi da bayar da rahoton duk wani [[Laifukan muhalli|cin zarafi akan muhalli]].<ref>"Refuse: Lagos launches monitoring app for environmental infractions". ''Vanguard News''. 2021-08-01. Retrieved 2022-03-16.</ref> == Tarihi. == A lokacin gwamnatin [[Asiwaju Kayode Blessing|Asiwaju]] [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]], an raba ofishin Muhalli da Tsare-tsare daga daukaka ofishin da ke yanzu na Muhalli zuwa ma’aikatar. A cikin shekara ta 2005, an ƙirƙiri [[Ofishin Ilimi na Ghana|ofisoshi]] biyu a [[Karkashin|ƙarƙashin]] ma'aikatar, wato: Office of Environmental Services (OES) da Office of [[Drainage]] Services (ODS). A cikin shekara ta 2015, bayan [[Umarnin Haƙƙin Jama'a|umarnin]] da Mai [[Girman muhalli|Girma]] Gwamna [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] ya bayar, an hade ofisoshi guda biyu wadanda su ne OES da ODS zuwa ma’aikatar guda daya wadda ita ce [[Ma'aikatar Canjin Muhalli (Faransa)|ma’aikatar]] muhalli. A watan Janairun a Shekarata 2018, an mayar da ofishin kula da magudanan ruwa daga ma’aikatar [[muhalli]] zuwa kamfanin ayyukan gwamnati na jihar [[Lagos|Legas]] (LSPWC) wanda ke karkashin ma’aikatar ayyuka. Wannan garambawul da aka yi a ma’aikatar muhalli ya kasance a lokacin Gwamnatin [[Akinwunmi Ambode]] . == Rabe-rabe. == * Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar Legas (LASEPA). * Hukumar Kula da Sharar ta Jihar Legas (LAWMA). * Hukumar Kula da Lambuna ta Jihar Legas ( LASPARK ). * Kamfanin Ruwa na Legas (LWC)<ref>"Ministry of Water Resources and Environment – Just another Lagos State Government site". Retrieved 2022-03-17.</ref> * Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Jihar Legas (LSWRC). * Hukumar Tallace -tallace ta Jihar Legas (LASAA). * Kick Against Indiscipline (KAI) da. * Ofishin Kula da [[Shara|Sharar]] Ruwa na Jihar Legas (LSWMO)<ref>admin (2013-06-06). "About MOE". Retrieved 2022-03-01.</ref>. == Duba kuma. == * Ma'aikatar ayyuka da ababen more rayuwa ta jihar Legas. * [[Majalisar Zartaswa ta Jihar Legas|Majalisar Zartarwa ta Jihar Legas]] == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Lagos (jiha)]] bbc6f61x3v3mcnhxw1h1b3odjbi43r8 0 37829 905382 648611 2026-08-21T04:22:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moussa Sandiana Kaba''' wanda aka fi sani da suna '''Grand P''' mawaƙin Guinea ne, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, sannan kuma ɗan siyasa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2020/09/grand-p-biography-age-net-worth-wife.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-10-15 |archive-date=2022-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826084022/https://www.thefamousnaija.com/2020/09/grand-p-biography-age-net-worth-wife.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa== An haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Oktoba, na a shekarar alif 1990 a Sanguiana, Nabaya, Guinea. Grand P an haife shi ne a cikin dangi masu arziƙi kuma an haife shi da wata cuta mai saurin yaɗuwa da ake kira progeria, don haka ya fara tsufa tun yana ƙarami.<ref name=":0"/> == Shahararsa == Grand P sanannen mawaƙi ne a ƙasar Guinea, a zahiri, yana ɗaya daga ciki mashahuran masu fasaha a Guinea. Ya fuskanci ƙalubale na rashin lafiya marasa adadi a lokacin farkon aikinsa amma hakan bai hana shi ganin ya cimma burinsa ba.<ref name=":1">www.ngnews247.com/grand-p-biography-age-relationship-wife-car-house-net-worth</ref> Grand P ya samu ɗaukaka matuƙa a shekarar 2019 bayan nuna wani wasan kwaikwayon sa mai suna Kerfalla Kanté a babban birnin Guinea wato Conakry.<ref name=":1" /> == Wasan Ƙwaiƙwayo == Bayan wasan kwaikwayon, Grand P ya zama abin mamaki a yanar gizo kuma waƙarsa ta bazu kamar wutar daji, daga Guinea zuwa Mali, zuwa Cote d’Ivoire da sauran ƙasashe masu Magana da harshen Faransanci. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar da suka wakilci kuma suka goyi bayan Guinea a Alkahira a Kofin Ƙasashen Afirka wato (CAN). Ya fitar da waƙa mai taken “Indépendance” a ranar 2 ga Oktoba 2020 don bikin ranar samun ‘yancin Guinea. A cikin 2020, Grand P ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai tsaya takara a zaɓen Shugaban ƙasa.<ref name=":2">https://www.tuko.co.ke/392101-who-grand-p-a-living.html&sa{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa zai kafa ƙungiyar siyasa da ake kira Amour Consideration et Unite–“Soyayya, Nuna Tunani, da Haɗin Kai”.<ref name=":2" /> == Aurensa == Grand P ya ƙulla alƙawarin aure shekarar 2020 ga zan kaɗeɗiyar budurwar sa mai suna Eudoxie Yao kuma sun yi aure a shekarar 2021.<ref>https://www.naijacelebbio.com/2021/05/grand-p-moussa-kaba-biography-net-worth.html%3Fm%3D1&sa{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[category:Haifaffun 1990]] a6fdgip3vrrr0y13jil2rftzwj8q67o 0 38857 905344 723830 2026-08-21T00:12:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Yaw Gyan-Baffour''' (an haife shi 27 Maris 1951)<ref name="odekro">{{cite web|url=http://www.odekro.org/person/george-yaw-gyan-baffour/|title=Hon. Prof George Yaw Gyan-Baffour|publisher=Odekro.org|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728161840/http://www.odekro.org/person/george-yaw-gyan-baffour/|archive-date=28 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ɗan Ghana ne masanin tattalin arziki kuma ɗan siyasa. Tsohon dan majalisa ne wanda ya wakilci mazabar Wenchi daga 2005 zuwa 2021. Farfesa ne a Jami'ar Howard da ke Washington, D.C., daga 1993 zuwa 2001. Ya kasance memba a New Patriotic Party kuma tsohon ministan tsare-tsare a Ghana. . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gyan-Baffour a Wenchi a yankin Brong Ahafo na kasar Ghana. Ya halarci Jami'ar Ghana inda ya kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin tattalin arziki.<ref name="pulse">{{cite web|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/politicians/george-yaw-gyan-baffour-prof|title=About George Yaw Gyan-Baffour (Prof)|publisher=Pulse Ghana|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728204317/http://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/politicians/george-yaw-gyan-baffour-prof|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya wuce Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Helsinki da ke Finland inda ya sami Diploma a fannin Tattalin Arziki. Daga baya ya sami digirinsa na biyu da digirin digirgir na Falsafa bayan ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Wisconsin, Madison.<ref name="pulse" /><ref name="ghanamps1">{{cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=150|title=Gyan-Baffour, George Yaw (Prof)|publisher=Ghana Mps|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana da takardar shaidar difloma a Jami'ar Harvard.<ref name="PARLI">{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=263|title=HON. GEORGE YAW GYAN-BAFFOUR|publisher=Parliament of Ghana|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=1 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201194704/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=263|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar aiki == George Gyan-Baffour farfesa ne a fannin gudanarwa a jami'ar Howard daga 1993 zuwa 2001.<ref name="PARLI" /> Bayan nasarar da sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta samu a babban zaben kasar Ghana a shekara ta 2000, ya koma Ghana inda shugaba John Kufour ya nada shi a matsayin babban darakta na jam'iyyar. Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Kasa a shekarar 2002.<ref name="pulse" /><ref name="ghamps2">{{cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2515|title=Full MP Details|publisher=Ghana Mps|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728212222/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2515|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gog">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/en/governance/ministers/3443-prof-gyan-baffour-minister-for-planning|title=Governance Prof. Gyan Baffour– Minister for Planning|publisher=Government of Ghana|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728203718/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/en/governance/ministers/3443-prof-gyan-baffour-minister-for-planning|url-status=dead}}</ref> A wannan lokacin ne ya kafa tsarin farko na sa ido da tantance yawan ci gaban kasa. Ya lura da ci gaban Shirin Haɗin kai don Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki da Ci gaban Jama'a na Ghana.<ref name="gog" /> == Rayuwar siyasa == Ya yi murabus daga mukamin a shekarar 2004 domin ya ci gaba da burinsa na siyasa. A waccan shekarar, ya tsaya takarar majalisar dokokin mazabar Wenchi a kan tikitin New Patriotic Party. Ya ci zabe kuma ya ci zabe uku da suka biyo baya a shekarar 2008, 2012 da 2016. Shugaba Kufour ya nada shi mataimakin ministan kudi da tsare-tsare na tattalin arziki daga Maris 2005 zuwa Disamba 2008.<ref name="gog" /> A cikin 2015, ya fito fili ya nuna adawa da shirin gwamnatin Mahama na neman tallafin gwamnati daga asusun lamuni na duniya.<ref name="forever">{{cite web|url=http://www.foreverghana.com/news/detail/27871#IMF-bailout-will-be-counterproductive-%E2%80%93-Gyan-Baffour|title=IMF bailout will be counterproductive – Gyan-Baffour|publisher=Forever Ghana|date=21 February 2017|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> Ya yi imanin cewa, za a iya magance matsalar tattalin arzikin da kasar ke fama da shi ta hanyar samun lamuni a cikin gida.<ref name="forever" /> === Zaben 2012 === A lokacin zabukan ‘yan majalisar dokokin kasar na shekarar 2012, Gyan-Baffour ya samu kashi 50.83% na dukkanin kuri’un da aka kada inda ya doke Yaw Osei Agyei na jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress, Ebenezer Gyimah Koomson na jam’iyyar Progressive Peoples’ Party da Jacob Steve Kojo Akasampah Gyan na jam’iyyar National Democratic Party.<ref name="ghamps2" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2012/parliament.constituency.php?ID=175&res=pm|title=Election 2012: Wenchi|publisher=Ghana Web|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> === Kwamitocin majalisa === Da yake masanin tattalin arziki, Gyan-Baffour ya fi zama a cikin kwamitocin majalisar da ke da alaka da filinsa. Sun hada da: Kwamitin Kasafi na Musamman; Kwamitin ciniki, masana'antu da yawon shakatawa; Kwamitin Ilimi; Kwamitin Rage Talauci; kuma shugaban riko na kwamitin kasafin kudi na musamman.<ref name="ghanamps1" /><ref name="gog" /> == Nadin minista == A ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2017, Shugaba Nana Akuffo-Addo ya zabe shi a matsayin ministan tsare-tsare.<ref name="gna">{{cite web|url=http://www.ghananewsagency.org/politics/president-announces-eleven-more-ministerial-nominees-112208|title=President names eleven ministerial nominees|publisher=Ghana News Agency|date=12 January 2017|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> Shugaban ya kira shi "masanin tattalin arziki da ake mutuntawa tare da cancantar kwarewa a matsayinsa na tsohon shugaban Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Kasa".<ref name="finder">{{cite web|url=https://thefinderonline.com/news/item/5167-nana-calms-nerves|title=Nana Calms Nerves|publisher=The Finder Online|date=13 January 2017|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728202205/https://thefinderonline.com/news/item/5167-nana-calms-nerves|url-status=dead}}</ref> An tuhume shi da fassara tsarin zaɓe na Jam’iyyar New Patriotic Party zuwa maƙasudan ci gaban ƙasa.<ref name="finder" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ultimatefmonline.com/2017/01/13/ill-champion-implementation-campaign-promises-prof-gyan-baffour/|title=I'll Champion Implementation of Campaign Promises-Prof Gyan Baffour|publisher=Ultimate FM Online|date=13 January 2017|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729001801/http://ultimatefmonline.com/2017/01/13/ill-champion-implementation-campaign-promises-prof-gyan-baffour/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Tantancewa da rantsuwa === Kwamitin nade-nade na Majalisar ya tantance shi ne a watan Fabrairun 2017. A yayin tantance shi, ya shaida wa kwamitin cewa Ghana ba ta bukatar shirin ci gaba na shekaru 40 saboda yana kawo tsaiko.<ref name="ghstar">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/we-dont-need-40-year-devt-plan-gyan-baffour/|title=We Don't Need 40-Year Dev't Plan – Gyan-Baffour|work=Ghana Star|date=7 February 2017|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> A ganinsa tsarin da bai da tsayi zai fi kyau kuma zai taimaka wajen kaucewa duk wani takunkumi da zai yi illa ga ci gaban Ghana.<ref name="forever" /> Kwamitin ya amince da shi ne bayan ya cika dukkan bukatun da ake bukata na karamin minista.<ref name="citi">{{cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/02/10/parliament-completes-vetting-of-sector-ministers/|title=Parliament completes vetting of sector ministers|publisher=Citi FM Online|date=10 February 2017|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728214045/http://citifmonline.com/2017/02/10/parliament-completes-vetting-of-sector-ministers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shugaban kasar Akuffo-Addo ne ya rantsar da shi a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairun 2017.<ref name="graphic">{{cite web|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/president-swears-in-last-batch-of-sector-ministers.html|title=President swears in last batch of sector ministers|publisher=Graphic Communications Group|date=11 February 2017|access-date=28 July 2017}}</ref> == Membobi da alaƙa == Gyan-Baffour ɗan ƙwararren masanin tattalin arziki ne na Ghana. Ya kasance memba a hukumar gudanarwar hukumomin gwamnatin Ghana daban-daban da suka hada da Bankin Ghana, Majalisar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu da Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana.<ref name="gog" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == George Gyan-Baffour yana da aure da ’ya’ya bakwai.<ref name="ghanamps1" /> Shi memba ne na Cocin Katolika a Ghana.<ref name="ghanamps1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=82|title=Member of Parliament George Yaw Gyan-Baffour (Prof)|publisher=Ghana Web|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728210253/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=82|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 9md8vi325vtrjz43zdyu3y5wdjc0ncj 0 38874 905262 578888 2026-08-20T20:02:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Felicia Adjei.jpg|thumb|Felicia Adjei]] '''Felicia Adjei''' (an haife tane 3 ga watan Maris 1974) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Ghana kuma 'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazabar Kintampo ta Kudu a yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asiedu Nketiah Joins Kintampo South MP Felicia Adjei For Mini Rally|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1040082/asiedu-nketiah-joins-kintampo-south-mp-felicia.html|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> Ita mamba ce ta National Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://omgvoice.com/lifestyle/gh-female-mps/|title=11 Young And Beautiful Ghanaian Female MPs Who Are Inspiring Girls To Dream Big|date=2017-10-12|work=OMGVoice.com|access-date=2018-10-25|archive-date=2018-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025031231/https://omgvoice.com/lifestyle/gh-female-mps/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/profile-of-kintampo-south-constituency.html|title=Profile of Kintampo South Constituency|last=Adu-Gyamerah|first=Emmanuel|work=Graphic Online|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=142|title=Member of Parliament|date=25 October 2018|website=Parliament of Ghana|access-date=16 November 2022|archive-date=23 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223044920/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=142|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adjei a Anyima, yankin Brong Ahafo. Ta yi karatun farko a Makarantar Methodist Kintampo.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adu-Gyamerah|first=Emmanuel|date=20 December 2016|title=BA fails to increase number of women MPs|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ba-fails-to-increase-number-of-women-mps.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Tana da digiri na gaba a fannin Abinci, Abinci da Gina Jiki daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Adventist yanzu Techiman Campus na Jami'ar Valley View.<ref name="MPS">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5525|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Adjei, Felicia|website=www.ghanamps.com|access-date=2018-10-25|archive-date=2025-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121160331/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5525|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/know-your-female-parliamentary-candidates-5.html|title=Know your female parliamentary candidates (5)|last=Asiedu-Addo|first=Efia Akese, Emmanuel Adu-Gyamerah and Shirley|work=Graphic Online|access-date=2018-10-25|language=en-gb}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta yi difloma a fannin dafa abinci na masana'antar abinci daga Sunyani Polytechnic yanzu Sunyani Technical University.<ref>{{Cite web|last=UKGCC|date=2018-07-05|title=HON. FELICIA ADJEI|url=https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-felicia-adjei/|access-date=2020-12-27|website=UK-Ghana Chamber of Commerce|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki == Ta koma kasar Amurka ne bayan ta yi aiki a gidan cin abinci da ke Sunyani.<ref name=":0" /> Ta koma Ghana aiki a matsayin manajan darakta na Addfal FA Limited.<ref name="MPS" /> Ta kuma kafa gidauniyar Felicia Adjei da nufin karfafa mata ta hanyar koyar da sana'o'i, bunkasa matasa ta hanyar ilimi da wasanni, noma, tallafawa masu fama da nakasa da samar da kiwon lafiya da sauran ci gaban al'umma. == Siyasa == Ita mamba ce ta National Democratic Congress. Ta lashe zaben 'yan majalisar dokoki na 2016 inda ta zama 'yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Kintampo ta kudu a majalisar dokoki ta 7 a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana. Ta samu nasara ne bayan da ta samu kuri'u 15,266 da ke wakiltar kashi 51.79 cikin dari yayin da dan takararta Gyan Alexander na New Patriotic Party ya samu kuri'u 14,210 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 48.21%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Kintampo South Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/kintampo_south/index.php|access-date=2020-12-27|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116234917/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/kintampo_south/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A majalisa ta 7 ta yi aiki a kwamitin jinsi da yara da kuma kwamitin sadarwa. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ba ta da aure da diya daya. Felicia Kirista ce.<ref name="MPS" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] cyhdct4z4x3wl6ki4ktnbyi8cejs6en 0 38974 905115 802870 2026-08-20T16:26:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elvis Morris Donkoh''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 1983) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne wanda a halin yanzu mamba ne a majalisar wakilai ta takwas mai wakiltar mazabar Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese a yankin Tsakiyar Tsakiya a kan tikitin New Patriotic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=8|title=Parliament of Ghana|access-date=2022-11-20|archive-date=2023-03-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324002112/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=8|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|access-date=2 September 2022|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|access-date=2 September 2022|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Elvis Morris Donkoh a shekara ta 1930 a garin Cape Coast na kasar Ghana. Elvis Morris Donkoh yana da Difloma kan Matasa a Ayyukan Ci gaba daga Jami'ar Ghana a 2008 da Difloma na Digiri a cikin Ayyuka da Gudanar da Inganci daga Jami'ar Kasuwanci ta Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|access-date=2 September 2022|website=www.parliament.gh}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|access-date=2 September 2022|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Elvis Morris Donkoh shi ne Babban Darakta na Kungiyar Cigaban Matasa. A yanzu haka yana aiki a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese akan tikitin New Patriotic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.parliament.gh}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar siyasa == Elvis Morris Donkoh ya tsaya takara kuma ya lashe zaben fidda gwani na majalisar dokokin NPP na 2016 na mazabar Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=First Task For Victory In 2016 Is Unity, Akufo-addo Admonishes Npp|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/627181/first-task-for-victory-in-2016-is-unity-akufo-addo-admonish.html|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency|url=http://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=19 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819000604/https://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MyNewsGH|date=16 December 2018|title=Felix Kwakye Ofosu OFFICIALLY announces Parliamentary bid; targets Central Region seat|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/felix-kwakye-ofosu-officially-announces-parliamentary-bid-targets-central-region-seat/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}</ref> Elvis Morris Donkoh ya ci gaba da samun nasarar zama dan majalisa a mazabarsa (Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese) a yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 2016 a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta shiga majalisa ta bakwai (7) ta jam'iyyar. Jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu da kuri'u 22,245 (50.7%) Samuel K. Hayford na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress wanda ya samu kuri'u 20,508 (46.7%) Clement Abaidoo na jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party (PPP - Ghana) wanda ya samu kuri'u 1,054 (2.4%) da Kwame Edu Ofori na jam'iyyar PNC - Ghana wanda shi ma ya samu kuri'u 116 (0.3%).<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134823/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency|url=http://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=19 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819000604/https://www.thinkghana.com/pages/2016/central/64/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Angel|date=4 December 2020|title=Elvis Donkor failed to bring development to Abura-Asebu-Kwamankesse – Felix Ofosu Kwakye|url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2020/12/04/elvis-donkor-failed-to-bring-development-to-abura-asebu-kwamankesse-felix-ofosu-kwakye/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Angel Online|language=en-US|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134822/https://angelonline.com.gh/2020/12/04/elvis-donkor-failed-to-bring-development-to-abura-asebu-kwamankesse-felix-ofosu-kwakye/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=26 June 2020|title=You can’t use your Accra popularity to snatch AAK seat – MP aspirant tells Felix Ofosu Kwakye|url=https://theindependentghana.com/2020/06/you-cant-use-your-accra-popularity-to-snatch-aak-seat-mp-aspirant-tells-felix-ofosu-kwakye/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=The Independent Ghana|language=en-GB}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Harry|first=Prince|date=12 September 2020|title=Ofosu Kwakye knows he can't win AAK seat- Incumbent MP|url=https://harrygraphic.com/ofosu-kwakye-knows-he-cant-win-aak-seat-incumbent-mp/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Harry Graphic|language=en-US|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131159/https://harrygraphic.com/ofosu-kwakye-knows-he-cant-win-aak-seat-incumbent-mp/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PlanetHoster - Suspendu|url=https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=app.asempanews.com|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204054311/https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Elvis Morris Donkoh ya sake tsayawa takara kuma ya lashe zaben fitar da gwani na ‘yan majalisar dokokin NPP na 2020 na mazabar Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese da ke yankin tsakiyar Ghana da kuri’u 475 yayin da Kobina Nyanteh ya samu kuri’u 220.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 June 2020|title=NPP Parliamentary Primaries: The winners and losers - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/npp-parliamentary-primaries-the-winners-and-losers/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Effah|first=Evans|date=21 June 2020|title=NPP Primaries: Here is a list of MPs who won|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/npp-primaries-here-is-a-list-of-mps-who-won/p0bnyet|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=abura asebu kwamankese npp primaries|url=https://www.agcomx.com/journal/abura-asebu-kwamankese-npp-primaries-9f8e58|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.agcomx.com|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131159/https://www.agcomx.com/journal/abura-asebu-kwamankese-npp-primaries-9f8e58|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PlanetHoster - Suspendu|url=https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=app.asempanews.com|archive-date=4 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204054311/https://app.asempanews.com/ph-sys/suspended/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Elvis Morris Donkoh ya sake ci gaba da yin nasara a babban zaben Ghana na 2020 a kan tikitin New Patriotic Party don shiga majalisar dokoki ta takwas (8th) na Jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu da kuri'u 25,048 (49.2%) a kan Felix Ofosu Kwakye na National Democratic Party Majalisa wanda ya samu kuri'u 24,872 (48.8%) da Francis Eghan na kungiyar Ghana Union Movement (GUM) wanda kuma ya samu kuri'u 1,001 (2.0%).<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Abura / Asebu / Kwamankese Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903131232/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/abura_asebu_kwamankese/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/abura-asebu-kwamankese/|access-date=3 September 2022|language=en-US|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002103408/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/central-region/abura-asebu-kwamankese/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 December 2020|title=Ghana Election 2020: Felix Kwakye Ofosu Humbled As Incumbent Elvis Morris Donkoh Gives Him 176 Vote Margin|url=https://www.ghgossip.com/ghana-election-2020-felix-kwakye-ofosu-humbled-as-incumbent-elvis-morris-donkoh-gives-him-176-vote-margin/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.ghgossip.com|language=en-AU|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120134832/https://www.ghgossip.com/ghana-election-2020-felix-kwakye-ofosu-humbled-as-incumbent-elvis-morris-donkoh-gives-him-176-vote-margin/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=MyNewsGH|date=8 December 2020|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh humbles Felix Kwakye Ofosu with a 176 vote difference|url=https://www.mynewsgh.com/elvis-morris-donkoh-humbles-felix-kwakye-ofosu-with-a-176-vote-difference/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=MyNewsGh|language=en-US}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Elvis Morris Donkoh memba ne (Mataimakin Shugaban) Kwamitin Ma'adinai da Makamashi. Shi ma memba ne na Kwamitin Gata  haka kuma Kwamitin Kasuwanci, Masana'antu da Yawon shakatawa na Majalisar Takwas (8th) na Jamhuriyyar Ghana ta Hudu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.parliament.gh}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elvis Morris Donkoh, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Elvis-Morris-Donkoh-2329|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Elvis Morris Donkoh Kirista ne kuma memba na Cocin Seventh Day Adventist (SDA).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=21|access-date=3 September 2022|website=www.parliament.gh}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Donkoh, Elvis Morris|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/elvis-morris-donkoh/|access-date=3 September 2022|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1983]] 2rosk95a94b2j6rqaeyj2oyco0gxike 0 40962 905455 882283 2026-08-21T07:41:19Z Mhizabdoul 42167 905455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Barikanchi Pidgin''', '''Barikanci''', ko '''Bastard Hausa''' Pidgin yare ne na [[harshen Hausa]] da ake magana da shi a [[Najeriya]].<ref name="Fiamingo2000">{{cite book|author=Cristiana Fiamingo|title=L'Africa subsahariana: ambiente, storia, strutture di potere, lingue, popoli, religioni, cronologia, glossario|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yXOphJdFS7UC&pg=PA77|accessdate=17 September 2011|year=2000|publisher=Edizioni Pendragon|isbn=978-88-8342-034-4|pages=77–}}</ref> [[Rundunonin Sojin Najeriya|Rundunar sojin Najeriya]] na amfani da Barikanci wajen tabbatar da ƙyaƙƙyawar alaƙa tsakanin jami’an sojan da ke da bambancin [[harshe]]. A rundunar sojin [[Najeriya]], yawancin mambobin sun fito ne daga yankin arewacin ƙasar. Wannan ya sa [[harshen Hausa]] ya zama harshen da ya share fagen pidgin [[Hausa]], wanda aka fi sani da H''ausar bariki''.<ref name="Pidginization and Creolization of Languages">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wG08AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA518 |title=Pidginization and Creolization of Languages |publisher=CUP Archive |year=1971 |pages=518– |id=GGKEY:07X8JT2JN9L |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> Harshen ya samo asali ne a barikin Sojojin [[Burtaniya]] da ke arewacin [[Najeriya]] a farkon ƙarni na (20) kuma anyi amfani da shi a matsayin yare a tsakanin 'ƴan [[Najeriya]] masu bambancin [[harshe]]. Kasancewarsa yaren soja, galibi ya sa ana magana da shi a barikin soja. Barikanci an samo shi ne daga kalmar bariki, ma'ana bariki.<ref name="Osaji1979">{{cite book |author=Bede Osaji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VpVkAAAAMAAJ |title=Language survey in Nigeria |publisher=Centre international de recherche sur le bilinguisme |year=1979 |accessdate=17 September 2011}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Harshen Hausa|Gibanawa]], wani pidgin na Hausa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harsunan Nijeriya]] [[Category:Hausa]] 4tav107od0gjusgsrrwfb2psxkpuu5u 0 44194 905562 246346 2026-08-21T10:57:19Z Zahrah0 14848 905562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Elizabeth Odilile Ofili''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta shekara ta alif 1956) likita ce yar [[Najeriya]]-Ba’amurukiya. kwararra ce a fannin sanin matsalolin zuciya. Ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara zama shugaba kungiyar likitocin cututtukan zuciya. Ita ce mace ta farko data zama shugaba a kungiyar likitocin zuciya bakaken fata a [[Amurka]].<ref>https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160121172858/http://abcardio.org/boardmembers.php</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ofili a [[Najeriya]] kuma anan ta girma, ta halarci [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] don karatun likitanci. Ta koma kasar [[Amurka]] a shekara ta 1982 kuma ta sami digirinta na biyu a fannin lafiyar jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Johns Hopkins]] a shekarar 1983. Ta kammala karatun digirinta na biyu a [[Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]]. [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] ==nasarori da kuma bincike== Ofili ta fara samun ci gaba da wani bincike data gabatar a Jami'ar Oral Roberts a birnin Tulsa, a lokaci guda tana ayyukan binciken matsalolin fannin zuciya, har yau kuma farfesa a jami'ar Washington. A shekarar 1994 ta zama makaddashin farfesa a Morehouse School of Medicine. ==manazarta== j2qek3suxai06ez5mbxtmtglf4isgwf 0 45560 905097 723654 2026-08-20T15:32:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Elizabeth II of UK 1943.jpg|thumb|Elizabeth]] '''Elizabeth Afoley Quaye''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970), a halin yanzu ita ce ƴar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Krowor a yankin [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]] [[Ghana]]. Ita ce kuma ministar kiwon kifi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Mensah|first1=Kent|title=PROFILES: Akufo-Addo reveals names of 11 more ministers|url=http://starrfmonline.com/2017/01/12/profiles-akufo-addo-reveals-names-11-ministers/|website=starrfmonline|publisher=STARRFMONLINE|accessdate=15 January 2017|archive-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115032341/http://starrfmonline.com/2017/01/12/profiles-akufo-addo-reveals-names-11-ministers/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi == Elizabeth tana da Digiri na ɗaya a fannin, Agribusiness daga [[Central University (Ghana)|Central University College]]. Ta samu takardar shaidar kammala aikin noma ta ƙasa a [[Jami'ar Ghana]], sannan ta samu satifiket na shaidar aikin gona daga Kwalejin Aikin Noma ta Kwadaso.<ref name="citifm12jan2017">{{cite web|title=Elizabeth Quaye nominated for Ministry of Fisheries & Aquaculture|url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/12/elizabeth-quaye-nominated-for-ministry-of-fisheries-aquaculture/|website=Citifmonline|publisher=citifmonline|first=Lawrence|last=Segbefia|date=12 January 2017|accessdate=15 January 2017|archive-date=8 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808035944/http://citifmonline.com/2017/01/12/elizabeth-quaye-nominated-for-ministry-of-fisheries-aquaculture/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Sana'a == Elizabeth ta yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Abinci da Noma a matsayin babbar Jami'ar Samar da Abinci na tsawon shekaru 20. Ita ce ƴar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Krowor, kuma ita minista ce a fannin kiwo da kamun kifi.<ref name="citifm12jan2017"/> == Siyasa == Afoley Quaye ta tsaya takara kuma ta lashe zaɓen majalisar dokoki mai wakilta mazaɓar Krowor a ƙarƙashin jam'iyar [[New Patriotic Party]] a cikin yankin, [[Yankin Greater Accra|Greater Accra]] a shekara ta 2015. A kuma lokacin babban zaɓen Ghana na 2016, ta lashe wannan kujera ta majalisar dokoki ta zama ƴar majalisa mai wakiltar mazaɓar Krowor. Ta fafata da wasu ƴan takara su uku, wato Agnes Naa Momo Lartey na National Democratic Congress, Hugo Kofi Huppenbauer na jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party da Amartey Fanny na jam'iyyar Convention People's Party . Afoley Quaye ta samu nasarar lashe zaɓen ne da ƙuri'u 32,463 daga cikin kuri'u 63,555 da aka kaɗa, wanda ta ke wakiltar kashi 51.08 na jimillar kuri'un da aka kaɗa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/126/index.php|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results - Krowor Constituency|last=FM|first=Peace|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2018-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227183752/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/greateraccra/126/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Rashin nasara=== Ta fafata ne a babban zaɓen Ghana na 2020 a matsayin ƴar takarar majalisar dokoki ta jam'iyyar, [[New Patriotic Party]] kuma ta sha kashi a hannun, Agnes Naa Momo Lartey ta jam'iyyar, National Democratic Congress wacce ita ma ta fuskanta a zaɓen 2016 (NDC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Fisheries Minister, Elizabeth Afoley Quaye loses Krowor seat|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/fisheries-minister-elizabeth-afoley-quaye-loses-krowor-seat.html|access-date=2020-12-10|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta yi aure ta na da ƴaƴa huɗu. An bayyana ta a matsayin Kirista.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5475|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Afoley, Quaye Elizabath|website=ghanamps.com|access-date=2019-03-09|archive-date=2019-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224225415/http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5475|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] o6xa20g1ek0l4ky3xle21r9u88b6kw9 0 48199 905592 555742 2026-08-21T11:38:42Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Flooding in Nigeria (MODIS).jpg|thumb|Taswirar annaliyar ruwa]] '''Ambaliyar ruwa shekara ta 2017 a jihar Benue,''' Ya faru ne a cikin watan Satumban shekara ta 2017 a [[Benue (jiha)|jihar Benue]] dake [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/09/01/flooding-central-nigeria/624150001/|title=More than 100,000 displaced by flooding in central Nigeria|work=USA TODAY|access-date=2018-10-03|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112013848/https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/09/01/flooding-central-nigeria/624150001/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta raba a ƙalla mutane 100,000 da muhallansu, <ref name="Floodlist">{{Cite web |url=http://floodlist.com/africa/nigeria-floods-benue-september-2017 |title=Nigeria – Thousands Displaced by Floods in Benue State – FloodList |date=5 September 2017 |website=floodlist.com |publisher=Copernicus |language=en-US |access-date=2017-09-10}}</ref><ref name="Al Jazeera">{{Cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/nigeria-floods-displace-100000-people-170831221301909.html |title=Nigeria floods displace more than 100,000 people |last=Al Jazeera |date=1 September 2017 |website=www.aljazeera.com |access-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> ta lalata gidaje sama da 2,000.<ref name="ChannelsTV">{{Cite web |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/08/27/flood-hits-makurdi-ravages-over-2000-homes/ |title=Flood Hits Makurdi, Ravages Over 2,000 Homes • Channels Television |date=2017-08-27 |website=Channels Television |access-date=2017-09-10}}</ref> == Dalilai == An shafe tsawon makonni ana sheƙaƙa ruwan sama kamar da bakin ƙwarya, da magudanun ruwa da kuma koguna a jihar Benue da ke arewa ta tsakiyar Najeriya. [[Benue (jiha)|Ƙananan hukumomi]] guda 21 a cikin guda 23 da ke jihar Binuwai abin ya shafa. <ref>{{cite web|title=West and Central Africa: 2017 flood impact|work=Reliefweb 18 Oct 2017 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/niger/west-and-central-africa-2017-flood-impact-18-oct-2017}}</ref> Ambaliyar ruwa ta zama ruwan dare a yankin sakamakon mamakon ruwan sama da kuma [[Benue (kogi)|kogin Binuwai]] da ke ratsa yankin. == Illoli kan sauyin yanayi == [[Fayil:River Benue (in Makurdi showing OLD Bridge).jpg|thumb]] Ambaliyar ta yi kama da ta shekarar 2012 mai tsanani. Ambaliyar dai ta rutsa da manyan gada biyu a kan kogin Guma a Tor Kpande da Mande Ortom. An kuma lalata gonaki da rumbunan abinci a cikin al'ummomin da abin ya shafa. Sabbin hanyoyin Daudu-Gbajimba da aka gina, da Jami'ar noma ta Makurdi, ba su tsira ba saboda ba za su iya wucewa ba bayan da ruwa ya yi awon gaba da waɗansu sassan titunan. <ref>{{Cite news |date=October 14, 2022 |title=Benue flood: Gov Ortom raises the alarm |work=Vanguard |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/benue-flood-gov-ortom-raises-alarm/amp/ |access-date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> Noma a Benue na fuskantar ƙalubale da dama waɗanda ke barazana ga makomar noma. Ƙarfin ruwan sama kamar yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwa a hankali. Matsakaicin fitarwa a tashar ruwa ta Makurdi ya kai 3468.24 m³s⁻¹, kuma mafi girman fitarwar ya kai 16,400 m³s⁻¹. Matsakaicin zafin rana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara suna tashi a hankali, yana haifar da ƙarin zafi. Bincike ya nuna cewa ƙasa tana da ɗanɗano kaɗan amma tana buƙatar ingantaccen amfani da takin inorganic da na halitta. Babban ayyukan yi da sana'a a yankin sun dogara ne a kan noma.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Roland Clement |last=Abah |display-authors=etal |date=December 2016 |title=Assessment of potential impacts of climate change on agricultural development in the Lower Benue River Basin |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27873107/ |website=National library of Medicine}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> 5bd6nr6bwt53bqvi6dlvglski8ph48v 0 53186 905436 550062 2026-08-21T06:33:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hadiza Muhammad Sani''' wacce akafi sani da hadiza kabara yar wasan Hausa fim ce ta masana'antar [[kannywood]] ta shiga masana'antar fim ta [[Hausa]] a shekarar 1998.fim din daya fara fito da ita akafi sanin ta dashi shine fim din Allura da zare, SE Kuma fim dinta na shekarar 2019 Akeela da Kuma gidan badamasi na Tashar arewa 24 da Kuma gidan badamasi arewa 24.ta Kara aure ta haihu yaran ta sun zama guda biyu.<ref>https://hausa.leadership.ng/iyayena-ba-su-kalubalanci-shigata-harkar-fim-ba-hadiza-kabara/</ref> == Aure == Jarumar tayi aure bayan shigowarta masana'antar fim din da shekara hudu inda ta auri darakta a masana'antar Mai <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200902230860.html</ref>suna Muhammad kabara Wanda <ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rvacN3UFBw0</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://manuniya.com/2023/01/27/tattaunawa-jaruma-hadiza-kabara-wato-lantana-da%C9%97in-kowa-ina-da-tsokana-da-fa%C9%97a/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-18 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718091959/https://manuniya.com/2023/01/27/tattaunawa-jaruma-hadiza-kabara-wato-lantana-da%C9%97in-kowa-ina-da-tsokana-da-fa%C9%97a/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> dashi akafi sanin ta,<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1295935-har-yanzu-ina-nan-ban-yi-bankwana-da-kannywood-ba---hadiza-kabara.html</ref><ref>https://celebs.filmifeed.com/wiki/hadiza-kabara/</ref> sun haifi yarinya Mai suna bilkisu dashi kafin suka rabu<ref>https://m.imdb.com/name/nm4449816/bio/</ref>, ta sake dawowa kanniwud ta cigaba da fim.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/taurari/389-ban-bar-kannywood-ba-inji-hadiza-kabara |access-date=2023-07-18 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718090456/https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/taurari/389-ban-bar-kannywood-ba-inji-hadiza-kabara |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/amp/b2e214e356afc98b4e95b837a0d306d3 |access-date=2023-07-18 |archive-date=2023-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718090450/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/amp/b2e214e356afc98b4e95b837a0d306d3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Taƙaitaccen tarihin == Jarumar Haifaaffiyar garin Kano ce a yakasai kusa da masallacin jalli daga Nan aiki ya dawo da iyayena challawa wajen fanshekara nayi firamare a fanshekara firamare da sakandiri a sakandirn gwamnatin ta mata na larabci a babura,daga Nan nashiga masana'antar fim ta Hausa. == Manazarta == 9zmac8ii1z8yxeqg2ag45jwrbdti0x3 0 53740 905538 547076 2026-08-21T09:45:10Z Zahrah0 14848 905538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marryam A Baba (sangadale)''' ta kasance Fitacciyar mawakiya ce a masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud, ta Dade tana Waka tayi Wakoki da dama a masana'antar, tayi fice.<ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/1254717-allah-ya-sanya-alkhairi-fitacciyar-mawakiya-maryam-sangandale-za-ta-amarce.html</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin ta == <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/ranar-murna/291-maryam-sangandale-ta-auri-mawa-i-abdul-kafinol |access-date=2023-07-26 |archive-date=2023-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726170958/https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/ranar-murna/291-maryam-sangandale-ta-auri-mawa-i-abdul-kafinol |url-status=dead }}</ref>Maryam A Baba wato Maryam sangadale Haifaaffiyar jihar Kano ce , mawakiya a Masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato kanniwud,an daura auren ta a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2019,inda ta auri mawaki Dan uwanta Mai suna Abdul kafinol Cikakken sunan sa Abdurrashid muhammad Ibrahim an daura auren ne a ranar asabar karfe Sha daya a kofar gidan su Dake unguwan sabuwar gandu a cikin birnin Kano, tayi wakar sangadale dalilin da ake mata lakabi dashi kenan,tayi Wakoki da dama. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} g7nl0ifu9gg318726tiqal17ijjet8x 0 54837 905540 871903 2026-08-21T09:54:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hauwa Ayawa''' jaruma ce a masana'antar fim ta [[Hausa]] wato masana'antar [[Kannywood]], tayi fina finai da dama a masana'antar fim, ta fito a wani fim ɗin tashar [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] 24 Mai dogon zango, Mai suna GIDAN BADAMASI, inda ta fito a yar Autar alhaji badamasi Mai suna azima.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://hutudole.com/jarumar-cikin-shirin-gidan-badamasi-hauwa-ayawa-ta-bude-gidauniyar-tallafawa-marayu-da-marasa-karfi/ |access-date=2023-07-29 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205437/https://hutudole.com/jarumar-cikin-shirin-gidan-badamasi-hauwa-ayawa-ta-bude-gidauniyar-tallafawa-marayu-da-marasa-karfi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Hauwa Abubakar Ayawa haifaffiyar [[Jihar Kaduna]] ce an haifeta a shekaran 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://manuniya.com/2022/12/09/cikakken-tarihin-azeema-gidan-badamasi/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-29 |archive-date=2023-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205436/https://manuniya.com/2022/12/09/cikakken-tarihin-azeema-gidan-badamasi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta girma a jihar kaduna tayi karatun firamare a jihar kaduna, daga nan ta tafi jihar [[zamfara]] tayi sakandiri a makarantar gwamnatin mata Dake cikin kwatarkwashi. Bayan kammala sakandiri tayi karatun kwamfuta. Jarumar Bata da aure<ref>https://aminiya.ng/ban-taba-tunanin-zan-yi-tashe-kamar-haka-ba-azeema/</ref> == Fara fim == Hauwa tace ta fara ne sakamakon mahaifiyar ta mai shirya finafinai ce a masana'antar film, tana ganin jarumai a gidan su kala kala, tana da sha'awar yin fim ɗin. An fara hadata da fitaccen Mai Bada umarni muhammad alfazazi inda yasa ta a wasanin barkwanci, daga nan falalu dorayi yaga yadda take aktin ya dauke ta ya sakata a fim din sa na Gidan badamasi.wanda shine tushen daukakarta. Fim dinta na farko shine fim ɗin musaddiq Wanda mustapha m Shariff ya Bada umarni, daga Nan sai fim ɗin karar kwana. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Mata yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1994]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar kaduna]] scdv77ekfcz7qs6igjllmh6ql0z2k5a 0 55045 905537 892111 2026-08-21T09:44:32Z Zahrah0 14848 905537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamila Muhammad Kogi''' jaruma ce kuma mawakiya a masana'antar fina finan Hausa wato [[Kannywood]] tana daya da cikin mawaka mata Dake haskawa a masana antar a yanzun,mawakiya ce Mai Nasibi tana wake Yan siyasa, Yan kwallon kafa da sarakunan, har da wasu manya a kanniwud.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/labarai/700-jamila-kogi-yadda-mu-ka-tsallake-rijiya-da-baya |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731130123/https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/labarai/700-jamila-kogi-yadda-mu-ka-tsallake-rijiya-da-baya |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin Ta == Cikakken sunan ta shine Jamila muhammad wacce aka fi sani da suna Jamila kogi. Ana mata lakabi da Kogi ne, saboda ita haifaffiyar jihar kogi tayi karatun firamare da sakandiri a jihar neja. Tayi karatun koyon aikin malamta a FCE ZARIA ta Karanci Islamic studies and social studies, tana da burin cigaba da karatu. Tazo jihar kaduna ne domin karatu se Allah yasa ta fada harkan indostiri na kannywood,daga Nan ta nemi zabin Allah Sai ya zaba mata Waka, daga jaruma ta koma mawakiya.<ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=WVurOYo2dnE</ref> == Yare == Jamila yaren ibiran koto ne akwai ibiran okene to ita ibiran koto ne, tana Jin yaruka biyar tana jun yaren nufanci, tanajin yaren ibiran na babanta tana Kuma<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://naijablog.ng/2020/09/19/download-egbura-music-title-eyioyige-by-jameela-kogi-video-audio/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731130124/https://naijablog.ng/2020/09/19/download-egbura-music-title-eyioyige-by-jameela-kogi-video-audio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jin yaren maman ta kakanda , tanajin Hausa tanajin turanci da wasu da dama. == Waka == Ta fara Waka ne saboda tana son fim, da tabi hanyar fim aka kawai mata ka,idojin da baza ta iya bi ba ta koma Waka. Inda ta Sami DJ barde, ya gwada muryar ta sukai Waka tare. Daga Nan a hankali ta fara har ta gwanance ta shahara. Waƙoƙin ta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/mawaka/284-cewar-jamila-kogi-ba-sai-an-yi-iskanci-da-ke-za-ki-yi-suna-ba |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731130124/https://fimmagazine.com/hausa/index.php/mawaka/284-cewar-jamila-kogi-ba-sai-an-yi-iskanci-da-ke-za-ki-yi-suna-ba |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Sarki Ali nuh * Ahmad Musa * Nijeriya * Aure ko karatu == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Mata yan wasan kwaikwayo]] <references /> [[Category:Mawaka]] jktt0yvfiygp3lwz0vz4vqmeql8rkze 0 64021 905490 644171 2026-08-21T08:21:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Marafa - chiesa - panoramio.jpg|thumb|marafa chiesa]] {{databox}} Tsakanin ranar 28 ga Maris zuwa 30 ga Maris, 2022, 'yan bindiga sun kai hari a kauyukan [[Bakura (Nijeriya)|Bakura]] da [[Talata-Mafara|Talata Mafara]] a [[Zamfara|jihar Zamfara]], Najeriya, inda suka kashe mutane da dama, ciki har da hakimin kauyen 'Yargeda. == Gabatarwa == A duk fadin jihar Zamfara, ana fama da rikici tsakanin fararen hula, sojojin Najeriya, da kungiyoyin 'yan bindiga akalla 100 daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2021 |title=30,000 bandits terrorizing my state, says Gov Matawalle |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/30000-bandits-terrorising-my-state-says-gov-matawalle/ |access-date=September 12, 2023 |website=The Nation}}</ref> Wata kungiya mai [[Katare (gang)|suna Katare]] ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi muni a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|kananan]] hukumomin Bakura<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/521054-bandits-attack-zamfara-communities-kill-several-people-including-village-head.html?tztc=1</ref> da Talata Mafara na jihar Zamfara. <ref name=":0" /> Wani [[Kisan kiyashin Zamfara na 2022|hari da ‘yan bindiga suka kai]] a watan Janairun 2022 a [[Anka (Nijeriya)|karamar hukumar Anka]], ya kashe mutane 200, wanda shi ne mafi muni a jihar. 'Yan fashin Katare da yawa suna zaune a ƙauyen Katsalle, wanda ba shi da nisa da wuraren da aka kai hari ranar 30 ga Maris.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Abdullahi |date=2022-03-31 |title=Zamfara Governor Tells Locals To Fight Back After Terrorists Kill Village Head, 3 Others |url=https://humanglemedia.com/zamfara-governor-tells-locals-to-fight-back-after-terrorists-kill-village-head-3-others/ |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926050446/https://humanglemedia.com/zamfara-governor-tells-locals-to-fight-back-after-terrorists-kill-village-head-3-others/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kisan gilla == An fara kai hare-hare na farko ne a ranar 28 ga Maris, lokacin da ‘yan bindigar Katare suka kai hari a kauyukan Ruwan Gizo, Ruwan Gora, Boraye, da Dajin Banza a Talatan Mafara. An yi garkuwa da mutane da dama a hare-haren, kuma an kashe tsohon mataimakin shugaban majalisar Talata Mafara a harin. Mazauna yankin sun bayyana cewa da misalin karfe 11:45 na dare ‘yan Katare sun far wa kauyukan Ruwan Gizo da Ruwan Gora da ke karamar hukumar Talata Mafara da kuma kauyen ‘Yargeda da ke karkashin karamar hukumar Bakura a kan babura, inda suka fara harbe-harbe ba gaira ba dalili.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/521054-bandits-attack-zamfara-communities-kill-several-people-including-village-head.html?tztc=1 |access-date=2023-09-12 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Kimanin 'yan fashi 100 ne suka shiga, kuma suka toshe duk wata hanyar fita zuwa garin. An kashe shugaban ‘Yargeda Abdu Umuru ne tare da wasu mutane uku bayan ‘yan bindigar sun kai farmaki gidansa tare da harbe duk wanda ke cikin gidan. <ref name=":1" /> Shugaban Talatan Mafara, Aminu Sulaiman, ya kira sansanin sojojin Najeriya da ke yankin domin neman agaji a lokacin harin amma babu wanda ya dauki wayar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ladd |first=Brian |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Bandits Assault Ruwan Gora and Ruwan Gizo villages in Talata Mafara LGA and Yar Geda village in Bakura LGA, Zamfara State, Nigeria |url=https://trackingterrorism.org/chatter/bandits-assault-ruwan-gora-and-ruwan-gizo-villages-in-talata-mafara-lga-and-yar-geda-village-in-bakura-lga-zamfara-state-nigeria-29-march-2022/ |access-date=September 12, 2023 |website=Terrorism Research and Analysis Consortium (TRAC)}}</ref> Ba a iya tantance adadin mutanen da aka kashe a lokacin saboda mutane da dama sun tsere cikin daji. <ref name=":1" /> An kuma yi garkuwa da mutane da dama, kuma an kawo karshen harin da karfe 2:15 na safe. <ref name=":0" /> == Bayan haka == Bayan harin, gwamnan jihar Zamfara [[Bello Matawalle]] ya bukaci mazauna yankin da su kare kansu daga ‘yan bindigar. Garuruwan sun samu ziyarar ne ta hannun mataimakin gwamnan jihar [[Hassan Muhammed Gusau|Hassan Nasiha]], inda ya jajantawa. <ref name=":1" /> Rundunar ‘yan sandan yankin dai ba ta ce uffan ba kan hare-haren, kuma ta bukaci fararen hula da su kira sojoji idan aka sake kai musu hari. == Nassoshi == [[Category:2022 Kashe-kashe a Najeriya]] f9o40i1fr1gd8fwux6m6qark9doqhrc 0 64032 905106 405767 2026-08-20T16:17:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''El-Sayed Mohamed Abo-Dahab Khedary''' malami ne na Lissafi a Sashen Lissafi, Kwalejin Kimiyya, a Jami'ar Kudancin Valley, Qena a [[Misra|Masar]]. Yana daga cikin kwamitin edita na Applied and computational Mathematics sannan kuma ɗaya daga cikin editocin Arab Journal of Science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Editorial Team |url=https://ojs.whioce.com/index.php/vd/about/editorialTeamBio/6147 |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=ojs.whioce.com |archive-date=2020-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714023323/http://ojs.whioce.com/index.php/vd/about/editorialTeamBio/6147 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Editorial Team |url=https://probe.usp-pl.com/index.php/MMS/about/editorialTeamBio/1261 |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=probe.usp-pl.com |archive-date=2025-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223220127/https://probe.usp-pl.com/index.php/MMS/about/editorialTeamBio/1261 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arabian Journal of Science editors |url=http://www.arabianjournalofscience.com/index.php/AJSI/about/editorialTeam |access-date=2023-12-07 |archive-date=2015-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822193018/http://arabianjournalofscience.com/index.php/AJSI/about/editorialTeam |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=السيد محمد أبو دهب خضيرى |url=http://app.svu.edu.eg/arabic/staff/application/result.aspx?id_num=1251 |access-date=2022-06-25 |website=app.svu.edu.eg}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Elsayed M. Abo-Dahab a Masar a Sohag-El-maragha-Ezbet ga kabilar Bani-Helal a shekara ta 1973. A shekara ta 1995, ya sami digiri na B.Sc. (Ed) a fannin Lissafi daga Jami'ar Kudancin Valley kuma ya sami wani digiri a Pure mathematics daga wannan Cibiyar a 1997. A shekara ta 2001, ya sami digirinsa na biyu a fannin lissafi kuma ya sami digirinsa na uku a shekarar 2005 daga Jami'ar Assuit a 2005.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Abd-Alla |first1=A. M. |last2=Abo-Dahab |first2=S. M. |last3=Al-Thamali |first3=T. A. |date=2012-09-01 |title=Propagation of Rayleigh waves in a rotating orthotropic material elastic half-space under initial stress and gravity |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-012-0736-5 |journal=Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology |language=en |volume=26 |issue=9 |pages=2815–2823 |doi=10.1007/s12206-012-0736-5 |s2cid=11705951 |issn=1976-3824}}</ref><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3" /> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 2006, ya zama malami a fannin lissafi a tsangayar kimiyya ta Jami'ar South Valley. A shekara ta 2012, ya koma Jami'ar Taif, [[Saudi Arebiya|KSA]] inda ya zama mataimakin farfesa. A cikin shekarar 2017, ya koma Jami'ar Kudancin Valley inda ya zama farfesa a fannin lissafi.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3" /> == Memba == Shi memba ne na Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Masar kuma Memba na kwamitin edita na Journal of Modern Methods a Lambobin Lissafi.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":3" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] <references /> [[Category:Maluma]] [[Category:Maza]] [[Category:Mutanan Misira]] cjd82d5ochpnak5xcgeyr5w6wads5zy 0 65572 905140 618597 2026-08-20T16:58:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emmanuel Ndubisi Maduagwu''' (an haife shi a shekara ta alif 1947) jami'ar Ibadan ta ba shi muƙamin farfesa a sashen [[Biochemistry|nazarin kimiyyar halittu]] a shekarar 1989 kuma ya yi hidima a jami'ar har zuwa watan Disamba 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerian chemists famous people|url=https://famous-scientist.com/nigerian-chemists-famous-people/|date=2020-03-31|website=Famous Scientists|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-24|archive-date=2025-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120124741/https://famous-scientist.com/nigerian-chemists-famous-people/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya kasance Farfesa na Biochemistry na kwangila a Jami'ar Covenant. Shi [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|fellow]] ne na [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Najeriya]] kuma an zaɓe shi cikin Ƙungiyar Kwalejin a Babban Taronta na Shekara-shekara da aka gudanar a cikin watan Janairu 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nas.org.ng/nas-holds-public-lecture-induction-of-fellows/|title=NAS holds public lecture induction of fellows|work=nas.org.ng|accessdate=July 13, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708065851/http://www.nas.org.ng/nas-holds-public-lecture-induction-of-fellows/|archivedate=July 8, 2015}}</ref> Farfesa Mashawarci ne a fannin kare lafiyar abinci da ilimin guba na abinci. A halin yanzu Farfesa Maduagwu Farfesa ne kuma Shugaban Sashen Kimiyyar Halittu na Jami’ar Chrisland da ke [[Abeokuta]] a [[Najeriya]]. == Ilimi == Maduagwu ya halarci [http://www.dmgs.donschools.com/ makarantar Dennis Memorial Grammar School, Onitsha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214125445/https://www.dmgs.donschools.com/ |date=2023-12-14 }}, [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]] inda ya sami takardar shaidar makarantar Cambridge ta [[yammacin Afirka]] a shekarar 1962 da kuma takardar shaidar sakandare ta [[Cambridge+|Cambridge]] a shekarar 1964. Ya sami digirinsa da digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar halittu daga Jami'ar [[Ibadan]] a shekarar 1972 da 1976. Ya shiga sashen nazarin kimiyyar halittu, kwalejin likitanci ta Jami’ar [[Ibadan]], a matsayin malami mai daraja ta biyu a shekarar 1978 kuma an naɗa shi babban malami a shekarar 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biochemistry.unibadan.org/staff.html|title=Staff - Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University|work=University of Ibadan|accessdate=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304213112/http://biochemistry.unibadan.org/staff.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> A shekarar 1989, ya zama cikakken farfesa a fannin kimiyyar halittu a wannan jami'a. Ya yi ritaya daga hidimar jami’ar [[Ibadan]] a shekarar 2012, bayan da ya kai shekaru 65 na dole ya yi ritaya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/Profiles/Maduagwu-Emmanuel|title=Professor Emmanuel Maduagwu|work=covenantuniversity.edu.ng|accessdate=July 14, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714221917/http://m.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/Profiles/Maduagwu-Emmanuel|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fellowships == * Royal Society of Chemistry * [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya]] * Cibiyar Nazarin Halittar [[Najeriya]] * Jama'ar Malawi na Tsaron Abinci da sinadarai * Ƙungiyar Abinci da sinadarai ta [[Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[category:Maluman Najeriya]] hal98p1cubkyt7x4bfdth2tf9fb7073 0 65996 905056 790630 2026-08-20T13:33:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Satumba 1965) ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne farfesa a fannin [[Biochemistry]] da Toxicology a Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Shi ne Dean na kwalejin da kuma darektan, Molecular Drug Metabolism da Toxicology Laboratories a [[Jami'a|Jami'ar]]. Shi memba ne a [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya]].<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Farombi ya samu digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyya a shekarar 1987, sannan ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin kimiyya a shekarar 1990, sannan ya samu digirin digirgir a fannin Falsafa a shekarar 1995 daga Jami'ar [[Ibadan]].<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0"/> == Aikin ilimi == Ebenezer Olatunde Farombi ya fara aikinsa na ilimi a matsayin digiri na biyu a jami'ar [[Ibadan]] a shekarar 1988.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Farombi |first=Ebenezer |title=Farombi CV 2022 - College of Medicine - University of Ibadan |url=https://www.com.ui.edu.ng/images/Faculties/Basic_Medical_Sciences/Biochemistry/Prof_Farombi_CV.pdf |access-date=7 December 2023 |website=University of Ibadan}}</ref> Ya zama babban malami a shekara ta 2000.<ref name=":1"/> Ya koma Jami'ar Liverpool, [[Ingila]] don horo da karatun digiri (post-doctoral).<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Ebenezer O. Farombi, FRSC, ATS, FAS, FAAS, FNSBMB, FAMedS – UNIBADAN CONFERENCE OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH |url=https://ucbr.archivesbamui.com/speaker/prof-ebenezer-o-farombi/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203122223/https://ucbr.archivesbamui.com/speaker/prof-ebenezer-o-farombi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Farombi farfesa ne mai ziyara zuwa ɗakin gwaje-gwaje na bincike na Molecular Carcinogenesis da Chemoprevention, Jami'ar Ƙasa ta Seoul (2005/2006), Sashen Ilimin Gina Jiki.<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Farombi ya auri Temitope Farombi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ekekwe |first=Ndubuisi |date=2020-12-02 |title=Congratulations Dr. Temitope Farombi, Online Health Founder and Tekedia Alum |url=https://www.tekedia.com/congratulations-dr-temitope-farombi-online-health-founder-and-tekedia-alum/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=Tekedia |language=en-US}}</ref> mai ba da shawara a fannin jijiyoyi a Cibiyar Gastric Center a jami'ar Kwalejin [[Ibadan]], suna zaune tare da yara uku.<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0"/> == wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa == *[[Exogenous]] [[taurine]] administration abates [[Reproductive system|reproductive]] [[Dysfunctional Systems|dysfunction]] in [[male]] [[rat]]s exposed to [[silver]] [[nanoparticle]]s<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farombi |first=Ebenezer Olatunde |date=August 2023 |title=Exogenous taurine administration abates reproductive dysfunction in male rats exposed to silver nanoparticles |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373452674 |access-date=2 December 2023 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> * [[Atrazine]]: [[cytotoxicity]], oxidative [[Stress (biology)|stress]], [[apoptosis]], [[Testicle|testicular]] effects and [[Chemotherapy|chemopreventive]] Interventions<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=October 2023 |title=Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374553224 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> *[[Metoprolol]] elicits [[Learning disability|neurobehavioral]] insufficiency and oxidative [[damage]] in nontarget Nauphoeta cinerea [[nymph]]s<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=August 2023 |title=Metoprolol elicits neurobehavioral insufficiency and oxidative damage in nontarget Nauphoeta cinerea nymphs |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373164900 |website=Research Gate}}</ref> * [[Cellular automaton|Cellular]] and [[Molecule|molecular]] [[Mechanism of action|mechanisms]] of aflatoxin B1-mediated [[neurotoxicity]]: The [[therapeutic]] role of natural bioactive compounds<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=August 2023 |title=Cellular and molecular mechanisms of aflatoxin B1-mediated neurotoxicity: The therapeutic role of natural bioactive compounds |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373034548 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> *[[Amelioration Act 1798|Amelioration]] of [[Neurobehavioral disorder|neurobehavioral]], [[Biochemistry|biochemical]], and [[Morphological dictionary|morphological]] alterations associated with silver [[nanoparticle]]s exposure by [[taurine]] in rats<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=July 2023 |title=Amelioration of neurobehavioral, biochemical, and morphological alterations associated with silver nanoparticles exposure by taurine in rats |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Olatunde-Farombi |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> *Co-administration of [[thymol]] and [[sulfoxaflor]] impedes the expression of reproductive [[toxicity]] in male rats<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=July 2023 |title=Co-administration of thymol and sulfoxaflor impedes the expression of reproductive toxicity in male rats |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372131875 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> *[[Neurotoxicity]] of [[furan]] in juvenile [[Laboratory rat|Wistar rats]] involves behavioral defects, [[Gliosis|microgliosis]], [[astrogliosis]] and oxidative stress<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunde Faromb |first=Ebenezer |date=July 2023 |title=Neurotoxicity of furan in juvenile Wistar rats involves behavioral defects, microgliosis, astrogliosis and oxidative stress |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372227058 |access-date=3 December 2023 |website=ResearcgGate}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == Farombi fellow ne na [[Makarantar Kimiyya ta Najeriya|Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Najeriya]] (2014). , Darektan Molecular Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Laboratories a Jami'ar. Shugaban kungiyar Forum of Nigerian Toxicologists ta Najeriya (FONTOX) [1] == Memba == Mataimakin Shugaban, Society for Free Radical Research [[Afirka|Africa]] (SFRR- [[Afirka|Africa]] ) [https://fosconference.lasucomputerscience.com/secondplenary.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203141725/https://fosconference.lasucomputerscience.com/secondplenary.php |date=2023-12-03 }}, tsohon Sakataren Harkokin Jama'a na Cibiyar Kimiyya ta [[Najeriya]] (NAS).<ref name="nas.org.ng"/><ref name=":0"/> Memba na Majalisar Gudanarwa na kungiyar Kimiyya ta Apex a [[Najeriya]].<ref name="nas.org.ng">{{Cite web |date=2022-06-02 |title=Fellows of the Academy {{!}} The Nigerian Academy of Science |url=https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=nas.org.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302212838/https://nas.org.ng/all-fellows-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1965]] nzxb19btluizndl6l008kxzctlfpp1i 0 69047 905357 550098 2026-08-21T03:45:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Glamour Girls''''' fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] na 2022 wanda Bunmi Adesoye ya jagoranta kuma Abimbola Craig ya samar da shi. <ref>[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/06/25/amazing-glamour-girls-finally-lands-on-netflix/ Amazing ‘Glamour Girls’ Finally Lands on Netflix]</ref> sake shi a kan [[Netflix]], taurari ne [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]], [[Sharon Ooja]], Joselyn Dumas, [[Toke Makinwa]] da Segilola Ogidan a matsayin mata da ke shiga cikin salon rayuwa mai ban sha'kaiwa da alatu ta hanyar rakawa. Glamour Girls da farko an gabatar da ita a matsayin sakewa, amma daga baya an sake fasalin labarin asali tare da labarin daban-daban da haruffa daban-daban, kuma wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daga fim din 1994 sun bayyana. Bayan an kori Emma (Sharon Ooja) daga aikinta na cirewa, sai ta kusanci Donna - mai tsarawa na ciki wanda ke yin amfani da wata a matsayin mai sayarwa - wanda ya ƙi yarinyar kira mai girma a kan dalilan rashin cancanta, amma ya sake tunani bayan Emma ta tabbatar wa Donna damar da take da ita. Wani gyare-gyare ya biyo baya, kuma an gabatar da Emma mara kyau ga duniyar manyan masu kula da ita amma abokan ciniki na Donna masu girman kaiwa sun yi watsi da ita, har sai Zeribe - mai tsaron jiki wanda ya furta cewa ya tsara ta don sata a kulob din - ya gabatar da Emma ga sabon shugabansa Segun (Femi Branch) wanda sannu a hankali ya haskaka sabon sabon sabon sabon dan Donna. Louise ([[Toke Makinwa]]) - mai mallakar kantin sayar da kayayyaki kuma a cikin aikin Donna - ta firgita bayan gano mijinta na [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] Aaron (Uzor Arukwe) ya tashi zuwa Najeriya don mamakin ita da 'ya'yansu mata biyu. Ta sami damar ɓoye aikinta na sirri, amma Haruna yana ƙara tuhuma lokacin da take yawan barin gidansu da daddare a ƙarƙashin ƙarya don saduwa da ƙaunatacciyar Lebanon, Fadi (Cezar Obayan). Donna ta shawarce ta da ta tura Haruna zuwa Amurka kafin ya gano gaskiyar, amma ya kara zamansa. Jemma ta ziyarci tsohuwar abokiyarta Donna wacce ba ta gafarta mata ba saboda karya dokar zinariya ta hukumar kula da tsaro: ''Kada ka ba da ƙaunarka kyauta''. Mijin Jemma mai fama da rashin lafiya, Desmond, yana fuskantar janyewar tallafin rayuwa sai dai idan matarsa ta biya bashin kiwon lafiya. Da farko ta ƙi buƙatar Donna ta koma ga jigilar kaya don musayar kuɗi amma daga ƙarshe ta ba da gudummawa bayan ta ƙare da zaɓuɓɓuka. A wani babban biki da ta halarta tare da Donna da 'yanta mata, Jemma ta kama ido na Alexander (Lynxxx), abokin kasuwanci na biloniya Cif Nkem ([[Ejike Asiegbu]]) wanda Donna ke jin daɗin yin hulɗa da shi lokaci-lokaci. Jemma da Alexander sun kwana tare kuma nan take suka fara dangantaka. Ba da daɗewa ba, an kashe na'urar tallafawa rayuwar Desmond. Watanni shida bayan Emma ta kammala makaranta da kuma karatun kasuwanci a Ireland, Segun ya yi amfani da haɗin kai don tabbatar mata da aiki a matsayin manajan banki duk da ƙarancin cancanta. Koyaya, ya ki tsoma baki lokacin da 'yarsa ta fallasa abubuwan da suka gabata na Emma a fili, kuma ya ci gaba da wulakanta ta hanyar neman tsalle-tsalle tare da Zeribe. Cikin fushi, ta tashi, amma Zeribe ta ba da shawarar ta yi biyayya da umarnin Segun don kada ya maye gurbin ta da wata mace. Ta yarda da rashin son rai, amma ba kafin ya yaudari Zeribe ba, kuma Segun ya ji su suna yin jima'i a ƙarƙashin rufinsa amma bai rama ba. Matsalar ta kuma faru a gidan Louise bayan da Haruna ya yi tuntuɓe a taron sirri na matarsa da Fadi, kuma ya gudu zuwa Amurka tare da 'ya'yansu mata, yana buƙatar mahaifiyarsu ta biya tallafin yaro ko kuma ya fuskanci fushinsa. Jemma ta kashe Alexander lokacin da ta kama shi yana lalata da ɗanta, kuma ya nemi taimakon Donna da mataimakin Tommy (Temisan Emmanuel), don zubar da jikin. Donna ta sami labarai masu banƙyama lokacin da Jahannama (Segilola Ogidan) - mai kula da iyali mai arziki - ya mutu daga shan miyagun ƙwayoyi bayan ya gano cewa tana da ciki ba tare da sanin asalin mahaifin ba. A jana'izar, Nkem ya bayyana cewa Alexander shi ne mai lissafinsa, amma kamar yadda Jemma ke da alaƙa da shi, an dauke ta a matsayin wanda ake zargi bayan da ya yi aiki da biliyoyin kamfaninsa. Donna ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Beirut]] inda ta roƙi masu ba da shawara - Doris ([[Gloria Young|Gloria Anozie-Young]]) da Thelma ([[Dolly Unachukwu]]) daga fim din na asali - don yin roƙo ga Nkem wanda ya fara tayar da 'yanta mata, amma mata biyu ba sa son yin aiki tare. Bayan dawowar Donna zuwa Najeriya, masu tsaron gida a ƙarshe sun gano motar (Alexander ya sa shi a matsayin abin rufe fuska), kuma tare da taimakon wani ɗan fashin kwamfuta na Francophone wanda ke buƙatar jima'i da Emma don musayar hidimarsa, sun gano motar ta ƙunshi adadi mafi girma fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Koyaya, Zeribe ya yi wa mata biyu kuma a asirce ya dasa kwafin a kan Emma, wanda, a cikin maimaita abubuwan da suka faru a taron su na farko, ya ɓoye ainihin motar a cikin aljihunsa, kuma magoya bayan Nkem sun ɗauke shi, roƙonsa na rashin laifi ya fadi a kunnuwan kurma. Fim din ya ƙare tare da wahayi cewa Donna ta yi amfani da flash drive a asirce wanda ke dauke da wani ɓangare na kuɗin. == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Nse Ikpe-Etim]] a matsayin Donna * [[Sharon Ooja]] a matsayin Emmanuella (Emma) * Joselyn Dumas a matsayin Jemma * [[Toke Makinwa]] a matsayin Louisa (Lulu) * Segilola Ogidan a matsayin Helion (Hell) * Uzor Arukwe a matsayin Haruna * Temisan Emmanuel a matsayin Tommy * Lynxxx a matsayin Alexander * James Gardiner a matsayin Zeribe * [[Ejike Asiegbu]] a matsayin Nze * Femi Branch a matsayin Segun (Sheggy) * [[Gloria Young|Gloria Anozie-Young]] a matsayin Sarauniya Doris * [[Dolly Unachukwu]] a matsayin Sarauniya Thelma* === Bayani === {{Small|Unachukwu—Maureen in the original movie—was cast as Thelma in the 2022 remake, originally played by [[Ngozi Ezeonu]].}} == Karɓuwa == Bincike <ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/glamour-girls-a-story-with-no-story-pulse-contributors-opinion/hpcsn24 Glamour Girls: A story with no story]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Glamour Girls ba shi da kyau, tare da Pulse Nigeria yana kwatanta fim din a matsayin "labari ba tare da labarin ba". Premium Times <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nollywoodpost.com/post/glamour-girls-2022-with-all-its-vibes-could-still-use-an-actual-plot |title=Glamour Girls (2022), with all its vibes, could still use an actual plot |access-date=2024-02-13 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928160012/https://nollywoodpost.com/post/glamour-girls-2022-with-all-its-vibes-could-still-use-an-actual-plot/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yaba da fina-finai na Glamour Girls da wuraren yin fim, amma ya soki makircin, wasan kwaikwayo, da sauti, yana kwatanta shi da Cif Daddy 2, wani fim na Nollywood tare da sake dubawa, [1] yayin da ''Nollywood Post'' ya soki makirar fim din. <ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/539281-movie-review-glamour-girls-will-make-you-reconsider-watching-nollywood-movies.html Nse Ikpe-Etim, Sharon Ooja, Jocelyn Dumas and Toke Makinwa are the lead cast of Glamour Girls Movie review: Glamour Girls will make you reconsider watching Nollywood movies]</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|id=tt20604466}} [[Category:Fim]] lcn5os3wmm63z1zgzs33a47z56w566u 0 71484 905462 515043 2026-08-21T07:45:05Z M Bash Ne 12403 905462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:ModernEgypt, Prince Kamal el Dine Hussein, PRS 4405 1.JPG|thumb|mawalafin Hussein Kamal ]] [[Fayil:Kamal el-Din Hussin 1953 and signature.jpg|thumb|Hutun Hussein Kamal]] '''Hussein Kamal''' ( {{Lang-ar|حسين كمال}} ; ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1932 -ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2003) mai gabatarwa a gidan talabijin [[Misirawa|na Masar]] ne, kuma ma shirya [[Darakta|fim]] kuma darektan wasan kwaikwayo. An ɗauke shi a matsayin muhimmin darekta na [[Sinima a Misra|fina-finan Masar]] na gargajiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/figures/english/html/Hussein%20Kamal.htm |title=Hussein Kamal |publisher=Egypt State Information Service |accessdate=2010-02-28 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012204603/http://www.sis.gov.eg/VR/figures/english/html/Hussein%20Kamal.htm |archivedate=2009-10-12 }}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun fina-finansa shine ''Chitchat akan kogin Nilu'' (1971), wani sharhi kan lalacewar al'ummar Masar a zamanin [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]]. Fim ɗinsa na 1972 ''[[Empire M]]'' an shigar da shi cikin bikin Fina-finai na Duniya na Moscow na 8th a 1973.<ref name="Moscow1973">{{cite web|url=http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1973 |title=8th Moscow International Film Festival (1973) |accessdate=2013-01-03 |work=MIFF |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116194922/http://www.moscowfilmfestival.ru/miff34/eng/archives/?year=1973 |archivedate=2013-01-16 }}</ref> == Fina-finan da aka zaɓa == === Fim === * ''[[The Impossible (1965 film)|The Impossible]]'' (1965) * ''[[A Taste of Fear]]'' (1969) * ''[[Abi foq al-Shagara|My Father Up on the Tree]]'' (1969) * ''[[Chitchat on the Nile]]'' (1971) * ''[[Empire M]]'' (1972) ===Talabijin=== * ''[[The Return of the Spirit]]'' (1977) ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== *{{IMDb name|0404008}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamal, Hussein}} [[Category:Matattun 2003]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1932]] iy8htohgsuf3uh62m0jrm79uwqebcmn 0 71487 905215 876449 2026-08-20T19:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language}} [[Fayil:Farfado.ogg|thumb|maganan farfado]] [[Fayil:Close-up view of the head of a white tiger, yawning with the tongue out.jpg|thumb|Harshen Zaki]] '''Farfado da harshe''', wanda kuma ake kira farfaɗo da harshe ko juyar da canjin harshe, ƙoƙari ne na dakatarwa ko mayar da rugujewar harshe ko don rayar da yaruka wandana suka ɓace.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. p. 169. Print.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |chapter-url=http://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-8 |chapter=Language Revitalization |last1=Pine|first1=Aidan|last2=Turin|first2=Mark|date=2017-03-29 |publisher=Oxford University Press|volume=1|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.8|title=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics |isbn=9780199384655 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3941256}}</ref> Wadanda abin ya shafa na iya hada da masana harshe, al'adu ko kungiyoyin al'umma, ko gwamnatoci. Wasu suna jayayya don banbance tsakanin farfaɗowar harshe (tayar da harshen da ba a taɓa samu ba tare da masu magana ba) da farfaɗowar harshe (ceto harshen “mutuwa”).An sami nasara misali guda ɗaya kawai na cikakkiyar farfaɗowar harshe, harshen Ibrananci, ƙirƙirar sabon ƙarni na masu magana da yaren ba tare da wasu masu magana da yaren asali ba a matsayin abin koyi.<ref name="GrenobleWhaley">{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA63 |page=63 |quote=Hebrew is cited by Paulston et al. (1993:276) as 'the only true example of language revival.'}}</ref> Harsunan da aka yi niyya don farfado da harshe sun haɗa da waɗanda amfaninsu da shahararsu ke da iyaka. Wani lokaci ma ana iya amfani da dabaru daban-daban na farfaɗo da harshe don ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da bacewar harsuna. Ko da yake manufofin farfaɗowar harshe sun bambanta sosai daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, yawanci sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin faɗaɗa yawan masu magana da amfani da harshe, ko ƙoƙarin kiyaye matakin amfani na yanzu don kare harshen daga bacewa ko mutuwar harshe. Dalilai na farfadowa sun bambanta: suna iya haɗawa da haɗari na zahiri wanda ya shafi waɗanda harshensu ke mutuwa, haɗarin tattalin arziƙi kamar cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasa na asali, haɗarin siyasa kamar kisan kare dangi, ko haɗarin al'adu / haɗuwa.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Crystal |first=David |date=2010 |title=Language Planning |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language |edition=Third |editor-first=David |editor-last=Crystal |pages=382–387|location=New York, NY |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref>A cikin 'yan kwanakin nan [yaushe?] kadai, an kiyasta cewa fiye da harsuna 2000 sun riga sun bace. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa fiye da rabin harsunan da ake magana a yau ba su da kasa da 10,000 kuma kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na da ƙasa da 1,000; da kuma cewa, sai dai idan ba a yi kokarin kiyaye su ba, nan da shekaru dari masu zuwa yawancin wadannan za su shude.<ref name=UNESCO>{{cite web |title=Endangered Languages |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |access-date=2014-04-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409141047/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/ |archive-date=2014-04-09}}</ref> Ana yawan ambaton waɗannan alkaluma a matsayin dalilan da suka sa farfaɗowar harshe ya zama dole don kiyaye bambance-bambancen harshe. Har ila yau, ana yawan ambaton al'adu da asali da dalilai na farfaɗo da harshe, lokacin da aka ɗauki harshe a matsayin "taska na al'adu" na musamman..<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grenoble |first1=Leonore A. |last2=Whaley |first2=Lindsay J. |title=Saving Languages: An Introduction to Language Revitalization |year=2005 |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0521016520 |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vavj5-hdDgQC&pg=PA20}}</ref> Al'umma sau da yawa suna kallon harshe a matsayin wani sashe na musamman na al'adun su, yana haɗa su da kakanninsu ko ƙasa, wanda ya zama wani muhimmin sashi na tarihinsu da kamannin kansu.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. Print.</ref> Farfad da harshe kuma yana da alaƙa da fannin harshe na takaddun harshe. A cikin wannan fanni, masana ilimin harshe suna ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar cikakken rikodin nahawu, ƙamus, da fasalin harshe. Wannan al'ada sau da yawa na iya haifar da ƙarin damuwa don farfado da takamaiman harshe akan nazari. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ana ɗaukar aikin rubuce-rubuce sau da yawa tare da manufar farfadowa a zuciya.<ref>New Perspectives on Endangered Languages. Ed. José A.F. Farfán and Fernando F. Ramallo. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2010. pp. 1-7. Print.</ref> == Digiri na haɗarin harshe == {{more citations needed|section|date=October 2021}} == Ma'auni biyar == * Ma'auni ɗaya mai yiwuwa mai maki biyar shine kamar haka: * Lafiya/ƙarfi: duk tsararraki suna amfani da harshe a cikin saituna iri-iri * Rauni / rashin lafiya: magana da tsofaffi; samari ba su cika amfani da su ba * Moribund/mutuwa: ƴan manyan masu magana ne kawai suka rage; yara ba sa amfani da shi azaman yare na asali * Matattu: Ba a ƙara magana a matsayin yare na asali * Bacewa: ba a magana kuma yana da kaɗan ko babu rubuce-rubuce{{dubious|date=October 2021}} ==Wani sikelin == == Ana amfani da wani ma'auni don gano digiri na haɗarin harshe a cikin takarda na 2003 ("Language Vitality and Endangerment") wanda UNESCO ta ba da izini daga ƙungiyar masana harshe na duniya. Masana ilimin harshe, a tsakanin sauran manufofi da fifiko, suna ƙirƙirar ma'auni tare da digiri shida don mahimmancin harshe da haɗari. == .<ref name=":2">http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/Language_vitality_and_endangerment_EN.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Sun kuma ba da shawarar abubuwa tara ko ma'auni (shida daga cikinsu suna amfani da ma'aunin digiri shida) don "bayyana yanayin yanayin zamantakewar harshe gaba ɗaya".<ref name=":2" /> Abubuwa tara tare da ma'auni daban-daban sune: Watsawar harshe tsakanin tsararraki lafiya: dukan tsararraki suna amfani da harshe rashin lafiya: wasu yara suna amfani da yare a duk saituna, duk yara suna amfani da yare a wasu saitunan tabbataccen haɗari: ƙananan yara suna jin harshen; galibin zuriyar iyaye da kuma manya ke magana mai tsananin hatsari: tsofaffin al'ummomi suna magana; ba a yi amfani da tsarar iyaye da matasa ba suna cikin haɗari: 'yan masu magana kaɗan ne suka rage kuma galibi daga manyan kakanni bace: babu masu magana mai rai Cikakken adadin masu magana Adadin masu magana a cikin jimlar yawan jama'a lafiya: kusan kashi 100% na yawan jama'a suna magana da harshen mara lafiya: kusan kusan kashi 100% na al'ummar kasar ne ke magana da harshen tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin jama'a suna magana da harshen mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana magana da ƙasa da kashi 50% na yawan jama'a mai matukar hatsari: harshen yana da ƴan magana kaɗan bace: babu masu magana mai rai Abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin yankunan harshe na yanzu amfani na duniya (aminci): magana a duk yankuna; ga dukkan ayyuka daidaitattun harsuna da yawa (mara lafiya): harsuna da yawa (2+) ana magana da su a yawancin wuraren zamantakewa; don yawancin ayyuka yankuna masu raguwa (tabbas masu haɗari): galibi ana magana a cikin yanki na gida kuma yana cikin gasa tare da babban yare; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka ko na yau da kullun (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin iyakokin zamantakewa; don ayyuka da yawa yankuna masu iyaka (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙayyadaddun yankuna; don ƙananan ayyuka bacewa: babu yanki; babu ayyuka Martani ga sababbin yankuna da kafofin watsa labarai mai ƙarfi (lafiya): magana a cikin duk sabbin yankuna robust/active (mara lafiya): ana magana a yawancin sabbin yankuna mai karɓa (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin sabbin yankuna da yawa jimrewa (masu haɗari): magana a wasu sabbin yankuna kadan (masu haɗari): ana magana a cikin ƙananan sabbin yankuna mara aiki (bacewa): magana a cikin sabon yanki Kayayyaki don ilimin harshe da karatu mai lafiya: kafaffen rubutun rubutu da dama ga kayan ilimi rashin lafiya: samun damar yin amfani da kayan ilimi; yara masu tasowa karatu; ba a yi amfani da shi ta hanyar gudanarwa ba tabbataccen haɗari: samun damar samun kayan ilimi ya wanzu a makaranta; karatu a cikin harshe ba a inganta mai matukar hatsari: akwai kayan karatu amma babu su a cikin manhajar karatu Yana cikin haɗari: an san rubutun rubutun kuma akwai wasu rubuce-rubucen bacewa: ba a san rubutun rubutun ba # Halaye da manufofin harshe na gwamnati da na hukuma (ciki har da matsayi na hukuma da amfani) daidaitaccen goyan bayan (lafiya): duk harsuna ana kiyaye su daidai tallafi daban-daban (mara lafiya): da farko an kiyaye shi don yankuna masu zaman kansu m assimilation (tabbas a cikin haɗari): babu ƙayyadaddun manufofin kariya; amfani da harshe ya ragu a yankin jama'a aiki mai ƙarfi (mai haɗari): gwamnati ta hana yin amfani da harshe; babu kariyar gwamnati na harshe a kowane yanki tilastawa (masu haɗari): harshe ba a gane ko kariya ba; gwamnati ta gane wani yare na hukuma haramun (bacewa): an hana amfani da harshe Halayen membobin al'umma game da yarensu amintacce: harshe yana mutunta, kimarsa, da kuma ciyar da al'umma gaba ɗaya mara lafiya: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe tabbataccen haɗari: yawancin al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: wasu al'umma suna tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe mai matukar hatsari: ƴan al'umma ne kawai ke tallafawa kula da harshe; sauran ba ruwansu da ko goyan bayan asarar harshe bacewa: cikakken rashin jin daɗin kula da harshe; fi son rinjayen harshe Adadi da ingancin takardun. superlative (lafiya): faffadan sauti, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubuce-rubucen harshe mai kyau (mara lafiya): audio, bidiyo, kafofin watsa labarai, da rubutattun takardu duk sun wanzu; kadan daga cikin kowanne gaskiya (tabbas masu haɗari): akwai wasu takaddun sauti da bidiyo; isassun takardun da aka rubuta ɓarna (masu haɗari): ƙayyadaddun takaddun sauti da na bidiyo suna wanzu a ƙananan inganci; ƙananan takardun da aka rubuta wanda bai isa ba (masu haɗari): kaɗan ne kawai na rubuce-rubucen da ke wanzu mara izini (bacewa): babu takaddun da ke wanzu == Ka'idar == Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman matakan farko na farfaɗowar harshe/murmurewa ya haɗa da tabbatar da matakin da wani harshe ya "rabe". Wannan yana taimaka wa ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa su sami hanya mafi kyau don taimakawa ko farfado da harshen.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tsunoda|first=Tasaku|title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization|year=2005|publisher=Mounton de Gruyter|location=Berlin|page=170}}</ref> == Matakan juyar da canjin harshe == Akwai ra'ayoyi ko samfuri daban-daban da yawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin tsara tsari don farfado da harshe. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine mashahurin masanin harshe Joshua Fishman. Misalin Fishman don farfado da yarukan barazana (ko barci), ko don sanya su dorewa,<ref>Fishman, J. A. (1991). ''Reversing language Shift: Theory and Practice of Assistance to Threatened Languages''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref><ref>Fishman, J. A. (ed.) (2001). ''Can Threatened Languages Be Saved? Reversing Language Shift, Revisited: A 21st Century Perspective''. Clevedon : Multilingual Matters.</ref>ya ƙunshi tsari mai matakai takwas. Yakamata a maida hankali kan matakan farko na gyare-gyare har sai an daidaita su kafin a ci gaba da zuwa matakai na gaba. Matakan guda takwas su ne: Samun harshen ta manya, waɗanda a zahiri suna aiki a matsayin masu koyon harshe (an ba da shawarar inda mafi yawan sauran masu magana da harshen tsofaffi ne kuma ba su da alaƙa da sauran masu magana da harshen). Ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar jama'a na masu magana (ko masu amfani) na harshe (a wannan matakin yawanci ya fi dacewa a mai da hankali musamman ga yaren magana maimakon rubutaccen harshe). A cikin yankunan da akwai adadin mutanen da suka saba amfani da harshen, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe na yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane na kowane nau'i na shekaru da kuma cikin iyalai da kuma karfafa amfani da shi ta yau da kullum ta hanyar kafa cibiyoyin unguwanni na gida wanda ake ƙarfafa harshen. kariya kuma (a cikin wasu mahallin aƙalla) ana amfani da shi na musamman. A cikin wuraren da aka sami ƙwarewar magana a cikin harshe a kowane rukuni na zamani, ƙarfafa ilimin harshe a cikin harshe, amma ta hanyar da ba ta dogara da taimako daga (ko yardar) tsarin ilimi na jiha ba. Inda jihar ta ba da izini, kuma inda lambobi suka ba da izini, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a cikin ilimin jiha. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a wurin aiki. Inda aka cimma matakan da ke sama kuma aka ƙarfafa su, ƙarfafa yin amfani da harshe a ayyukan ƙananan hukumomi da kafofin watsa labarai. Inda aka cimma matakan da suka gabata da kuma karfafa su, karfafa yin amfani da harshe a manyan makarantu, gwamnati, da dai sauransu. Wannan tsari na farfaɗo da harshe an yi niyya ne don jagorantar ƙoƙarin zuwa inda ya fi tasiri da kuma guje wa ɓarnatar da kuzari ƙoƙarin cimma matakan farfadowa na baya lokacin da ba a cimma matakan farko ba. Alal misali, yana iya zama almubazzaranci a yi kamfen don yin amfani da harshe a talabijin ko kuma a hidimar gwamnati idan da wuya wasu iyalai da suke da halin yin amfani da harshen. Bugu da ƙari, Tasaku Tsunoda ya bayyana kewayon dabaru daban-daban ko hanyoyin da masu magana za su iya amfani da su don ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe, gami da dabarun farfado da bacewar harsuna da kuma kula da masu rauni. Dabarun da ya lissafo sau da yawa suna iyakance ga ƙarfin halin yanzu na harshe. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba za a iya amfani da hanyar nutsewa ba don farfado da yare ko ɓarna. Sabanin haka, ana iya amfani da hanyar koyan koyo na watsa ɗaya-ɗayan kan ƙwarewar harshe tare da harsunan da ba su da ƙarfi. Wasu hanyoyi da yawa na farfadowa, gami da waɗanda suka dogara da fasaha kamar rikodin rikodi ko kafofin watsa labarai, ana iya amfani da su don harsuna a kowane yanayi mai yiwuwa..<ref name="illustrate">{{cite book |last=Tsunoda |first=Tasaku |title=Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization |location=Berlin |publisher=[[Mouton De Gruyter]] |date=2005 |page=201}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |+ Tasirin hanyar ya dogara ne da yuwuwar harshe.<ref name="illustrate" /> ! Method ! colspan="3" |[[Degree of endangerment]] |- ! !! Weakening !! Moribund !! Dead/extinct |- | Immersion|| {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Neighborhood || {{yes|effective}}|| {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Bilingual || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Master-apprentice || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | [[Total physical response]] || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Telephone || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{no|ineffective}} |- | Radio || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Multimedia || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Two-way || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Formulaic|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Artificial [[pidgin]]|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Place name || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Reclamation || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |- | Adoption|| {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} || {{yes|effective}} |} == Abubuwan da ke cikin nasarar farfado da harshe == [[David Crystal]],a cikin littafinsa Mutuwar Harshe, ya ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe zai fi yin nasara idan masu magana da shi ƙara darajar harshen a cikin al'umma masu rinjaye; ƙara musu dukiya da kuɗin shiga; kara karfin halascinsu a idon al'umma masu rinjaye; suna da karfi a cikin tsarin ilimi; iya rubuta harshe; iya amfani da fasahar lantarki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Crystal |first=D. |date=2000 |title=Language Death |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=130–141 |isbn=0-521-65321-5}}</ref> A cikin littafinta, Harsunan Ƙarfafawa: Gabatarwa, Sarah Thomason ta lura da nasarar ƙoƙarin farfaɗo don Ibrananci na zamani da kuma nasarar da aka samu na farfado da Maori a New Zealand (duba Misalai na Musamman a ƙasa). Wani sanannen abu da waɗannan misalan biyu suka raba shi ne cewa yaran an reno su ne a cikin yanayi mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=6}}</ref>Game da Ibrananci, yana kan al'ummomin gama gari na farko da ake kira kibbut[[kibbutz|z]]im.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=156–159}}</ref> Don yaren Maori A New Zealand, an yi hakan ta hanyar gidan yare.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomason |first=Sarah |title=Endangered Languages: An Introduction |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-521-68453-8 |location=United Kingdom |pages=165}}</ref> ==Farfadowar ilimin harshe == [[Ghil'ad Zuckermann]] yana ba da shawarar "Revival Linguistics" a matsayin sabon horo na harshe da tsari. Kalmar Zuckermann ta 'Revival Linguistics' an ƙirƙira ta ne akan 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia yana bincika ƙuntatawa na duniya da hanyoyin da ke tattare da sake fasalin harshe, sabuntawa da farfaɗowa. Yana zana ra'ayoyi masu kamanceceniya daga ƙoƙari na farfaɗo zuwa wani, don haka yana aiki azaman gadar ilimin zamani tsakanin jawabai iri ɗaya a cikin yunƙurin gida daban-daban na farfaɗo da harsunan barci a duk faɗin duniya.{{Blockquote|Zuckermann's term 'Revival Linguistics' is modelled upon 'Contact Linguistics'. Revival linguistics inter alia explores the universal constraints and mechanisms involved in language reclamation, renewal and revitalization. It draws perspicacious comparative insights from one revival attempt to another, thus acting as an epistemological bridge between parallel discourses in various local attempts to revive sleeping tongues all over the globe.<ref>[[Ghil'ad Zuckermann|Zuckermann, Ghil'ad]] and Walsh, Michael 2011. [https://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures 'Stop, Revive, Survive: Lessons from the Hebrew Revival Applicable to the Reclamation, Maintenance and Empowerment of Aboriginal Languages and Cultures'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315090700/http://adelaide.academia.edu/Zuckermann/Papers/267186/Stop_Revive_Survive_Lessons_from_the_Hebrew_Revival_Applicable_to_the_Reclamation_Maintenance_and_Empowerment_of_Aboriginal_Languages_and_Cultures |date=2012-03-15 }}, ''Australian Journal of Linguistics'' Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 111-127.</ref>}} A cewar Zuckermann, "Lissafi na Tarurrukan Harsuna sun haɗu da nazarin kimiyya na samun harshen asali da kuma koyan harshen waje. Bayan haka, sake fasalin harshe shine mafi girman yanayin koyon harshe na biyu. Revival linguistics ya dace da kafaffen fannin ilimin harsuna, wanda ke rubuta harsunan da ke cikin haɗari a baya. barci suke yi."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Zuckermann ya ba da shawarar cewa "fasahar ilimin harshe yana canza fagen ilimin harshe na tarihi ta hanyar, alal misali, raunana tsarin bishiyar iyali, wanda ke nuna cewa harshe yana da iyaye ɗaya kawai.t."<ref name=autogenerated1 /> Akwai sabani a fagen farfado da harshe dangane da matakin da ya kamata farkawa ta mayar da hankali kan kiyaye harshen gargajiya, da ba da damar sauƙaƙawa ko kuma yaɗa rance daga mafi yawan harshe. Yin sulhu Zuckermann ya yarda da kasancewar "bangarori na gida da wawanci"<ref name="autogenerated1">Ghil'ad Zuckermann, [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/opinion/stop-revive-and-survive/story-e6frgcko-1226385194433 "Stop, revive and survive"], ''The Australian, Higher Education'', June 6, 2012.</ref>amma yana nuna hakan "Akwai matsalolin harshe da suka dace da duk ƙoƙarin farfaɗo da su. Ƙaddamar da su zai taimaka wa masu farfaɗo da shugabannin al'ummomi na farko don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. Alal misali, yana da sauƙi don tayar da ƙamus da kalmomi na ainihi fiye da sauti da tsarin kalmomi. Revivalists ya kamata su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya kuma su kasance masu gaskiya. yi watsi da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi, maganganu marasa amfani kamar su "Ba mu sahihanci ko a kashe mu."<ref name="autogenerated1" /> [[Nancy Dorian]] ya yi nuni da cewa halaye masu ra'ayin mazan jiya game da kalmomin lamuni da sauye-sauye na nahawu sukan kawo cikas ga yunƙurin farfado da harsunan da ke cikin hatsari (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya), kuma rarrabuwa na iya kasancewa tsakanin masu farfaɗo da ilimi, masu sha'awar tarihi, da sauran masu magana da ke sha'awar ingantaccen salon magana na cikin gida (kamar yadda yake a cikin Tiwi a Ostiraliya). wani lokaci ya faru tare da Irish). Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa sasantawa na tsari na iya, a haƙiƙa, haɓaka tsammanin rayuwa, kamar yadda wataƙila ya kasance a cikin Ingilishi a lokacin post-Norman..<ref>Nancy C. Dorian, ‘Purism v. compromise in language revitalisation and language revival’ in ''Language in Society'' 23, pp. 479-494.</ref> ==Dan gargajiya == == Wasu masana ilimin harshe sun yi jayayya cewa lokacin da farfaɗowar harshe ya ɗauki aro daga yawancin harshe, sakamakon shine sabon harshe, watakila creole ko p. == [[pidgin|idgin]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Mari C. |title=Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: Linguistic Change in Two Sociolinguistically Contrasting Welsh Communities |publisher=[[Clarendon Press]] |isbn=9780198237112 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w9u_GG41b_8C&q=neo+breton+language&pg=PA323 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |year=1998 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> Misali, samuwar “Neo-Hawaiian” a matsayin wani yare dabam da na “Hawayen Gargajiya” an ba da shawarar, saboda tsananin tasirin Ingilishi a kowane fanni na harshen Hawai da aka farfado.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=R. Keao |last1=NeSmith |title=Tūtū's Hawaiian and the Emergence of a Neo Hawaiian Language |journal='Ōiwi Journal3—A Native Hawaiian Journal |date=2005 |url=http://hstrial-knesmith.homestead.com/Oiwi-Journal-_3-1-09_.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref> An kuma ba da shawarar wannan don Irish, tare da rarrabuwa tsakanin "Urban Irish" (masu magana da yare na biyu) da Irish na gargajiya (kamar yadda ake magana a matsayin yaren farko a yankunan Gaeltacht). Ó Béarra ya ce: "[don] bi ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin Ingilishi, [zai kasance] samar da abin da bai wuce Ingilishi ba a cikin ja na Irish.."<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Feargal |last1=Ó Béarra |title=Academic paper insights: Late Modern Irish and the Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death |date=July 2008 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291382217 |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Dangane da yaren Manx da aka fi sani da shi a lokacin, masanin T. F. O'Rahilly ya ce, “Lokacin da harshe ya ba da kansa ga salon magana na waje, kuma idan dukan masu magana da shi suka zama harsuna biyu, hukuncin kisa ne."<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Rahilly |first1=Thomas Francis |title=Irish Dialects Past and Present: With Chapters on Scottish and Manx |date=1932 |publisher=Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies |location=Dublin |page=121 |isbn=9780901282552 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lmFiAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>Neil McRae ya bayyana cewa amfani da Gaelic na Scotland yana ƙara zama alama, kuma kalmar Gaelic na asali ana ɓacewa don goyon bayan kalmomin wucin gadi da masu magana da harshe na biyu suka ƙirƙira.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McRae |first1=Neil |title=Dìlseachd, Lughad agus Saor-thoileachas: moladh airson iomairt Gàidhlig a dh'fhaodadh obrachadh |trans-title=Loyalty, Language and Volunteerism: a proposal for a Gaelic initiative that could work |url=https://www.dropbox.com/s/3p75g1bowhtekzl/Dilseachd%2C%20Lughad%20agus%20Saor-thoileachas%20copy.pdf |access-date=6 April 2017 |language=gd}}</ref> == Misali == Jimillar farfaɗo da mataccen harshe (a ma'anar rashin masu magana) don zama hanyar sadarwar jama'a masu dogaro da kai na miliyoyin masu magana da harshen farko sau ɗaya kawai, a cikin yanayin Ibrananci, wanda ya haifar da Zamani. Ibrananci- yanzu harshen ƙasar Isra'ila. A wannan yanayin, akwai wani tsari na musamman na tarihin tarihi da al'adu wanda ya sauƙaƙe farfadowa. (Dubi Revival of the Hebrew language.) Ibrananci, wanda ya kasance yaren liturgical, an sake kafa shi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa ta yau da kullun ta Yahudawa masu ƙaura zuwa ƙasar Isra'ila da yankunan Falasɗinawa, tun daga ƙarni na sha tara. Shi ne mafi shahara da nasara misali a duniya na farfado da harshe. A cikin ci gaban da ke da alaƙa, harsunan adabi ba tare da masu magana da yaren asali ba sun ji daɗin girma da kuma amfani mai amfani kamar yare, galibi suna ƙirga miliyoyin masu iya magana a lokaci guda. A yawancin irin waɗannan lokuta, raguwar amfani da harshe na adabi, wani lokaci mai girma, ya kasance tare da sabuntawa mai ƙarfi. Wannan ya faru, alal misali, a cikin farfaɗowar Latin na gargajiya a cikin Renaissance, da farfaɗowar Sanskrit a farkon ƙarni AD. Wani abu mai kamanceceniya a yankunan masu jin Larabci na zamani shine faɗaɗa amfani da harshen adabi (Modern Standard Larabci, wani nau'i na Larabci na gargajiya na ƙarni na 6 AD). Ana koyar da wannan ga duk masu magana da ilimi kuma ana amfani da su a watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo, tattaunawa na yau da kullun, da sauransu. Bugu da kari, wasu lokutan harsunan adabi sun tashi zuwa matakin zama harsunan farko na al’ummomin harsuna masu yawan gaske. Misali shi ne daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci, wanda ya samo asali a matsayin harshen adabi bisa harshen Florence na ƙarni na 13, musamman kamar yadda manyan marubutan Florentine kamar Dante, Petrarch da Boccaccio ke amfani da su. Wannan harshe ya wanzu shekaru aru-aru da yawa a matsayin abin hawa na adabi, ba tare da masu magana ba; ko da a ƙarshen 1861, a jajibirin haɗin kan Italiya, harshen ya ƙidaya kusan masu magana da 500,000 (da yawa waɗanda ba 'yan ƙasa ba), daga cikin jimlar yawan c. 22,000,000. Nasarar harshen da ta biyo baya ta kasance ta hanyar ci gaba a hankali, inda aka koya wa masu magana da kowane ɗayan yarukan Italiyanci daidaitaccen harshen Italiyanci a matsayin harshe na biyu kuma daga baya an ba da shi ga 'ya'yansu, waɗanda suka koyi shi a matsayin harshen farko. [Ana bukatan hujja] Tabbas wannan ya zo ne ta hanyar amfani da harsunan Italiyanci na gida, waɗanda yawancinsu yanzu suna cikin haɗari. Babban Jamusanci, daidaitaccen Czech, Mutanen Espanya na Castilian da sauran harsuna sun sami nasara a cikin irin wannan yanayi. ==Afrika == Harshen 'yan Koftik ya fara raguwa lokacin da Larabci ya zama babban yare a Masar. Paparoma Shenouda III ya kafa Cibiyar Harshen Koftik a cikin Disamba 1976 a cikin Coptic Orthodox Cathedral na Saint Mark a Alkahira don manufar farfado da harshen 'yan Koftik..<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/16207/Coptic-Ancient-language-still-spoken-today|title=Coptic: Ancient language still spoken today |date=August 8, 2017 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200121-the-alphabets-at-risk-of-extinction |title=The alphabets at risk of extinction |first=Andrea |last=Valentino |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> == Amurka == == Arewacin Amurka == A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ɗimbin ƙabilun ƴan asalin Amirka suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harsunansu. Misali, akwai manhajoji (ciki har da jimloli, jerin kalmomi da ƙamus) a cikin yarukan Ƙasa da yawa da suka haɗa da Cree, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Lakota, Ojibwe, Oneida, Massachusett, Navajo, Halq'emeylem, Gwych'in, da Lushootseed. Wampanoag, yaren da mutane masu suna iri ɗaya ke magana a Massachusetts, an gudanar da aikin farfaɗo da harshe karkashin jagorancin Jessie Little Doe Baird, ƙwararren masanin harshe. Membobin ƙabilar suna amfani da faffadan rubutattun bayanan da ke akwai a cikin yarensu, gami da fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da takaddun doka, don koyo da koyar da Wampanoag. Aikin ya ga yara suna magana da yaren sosai a karon farko cikin sama da shekaru 100. Bugu da kari, a halin yanzu ana kokarin farfado da yaren Chochenyo na California, wanda ya shude. Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Grand Ronde da sauransu suna yin ƙoƙari don ganin Chinook Jargon, wanda aka fi sani da Chinuk Wawa, a raye. Wannan ƙungiyar waƙoƙi da labaran da aka tattara daga Victoria Howard kuma Melville Jacobs ne suka buga ta. Dandalin bude tushen FirstVoices yana karbar bakuncin gidajen yanar gizo da al'umma ke gudanarwa don ayyukan farfado da harshe guda 85, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan harsuna 33 na asali a cikin British Columbia da kuma fiye da harsunan dozin daga "wani wuri a Kanada da na duniya", tare da ƙamus 17 .<ref>{{cite news |title=FirstVoices celebrates International Mother Language Day with the launch of a new version of its free, open-source, Indigenous |url=https://www.thecanadianpressnews.ca/globenewswire_press_releases/firstvoices-celebrates-international-mother-language-day-with-the-launch-of-a-new-version-of-its/article_1ed78ef9-2a2c-52ef-a19d-5699304230c2.html |access-date=21 February 2024 |work=Canadian Press |date=21 February 2024}}</ref> ==Tlingit== Hakazalika da sauran harsunan asali, Tlingit na cikin haɗari sosai. Kasa da dattawa 100 masu basira sun wanzu har zuwa shekarar 2017. Daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekarar 2014, mai fafutukar harshe, marubuci, kuma malami, Sʔímlaʔxw Michele K. Johnson daga Syilx Nation, yayi ƙoƙari ya koyar da ɗalibai biyu masu bege na Tlingit a cikin Yukon. Hanyoyinta sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar littattafan karatu, tsarin koyarwa na nutsewa a jere, da tantancewar fim. Manufar ita ce a taimaka wajen ƙirƙirar manyan masu magana waɗanda suka kai shekarun haihuwa, don su ma su fara koyar da yaren. A cikin shekara ta 2020, X̱ʼunei Lance Twitchell ya jagoranci aji na kan layi na Tlingit tare da Kwalejin Outer Coast. Dalibai da dama ne suka halarci. Shi abokin farfesa ne na Harsunan Asalin Alaska a Makarantar Arts da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Alaska Kudu maso Gabas wanda ke ba da ƙarami a cikin yaren Tlingit da kuma mai da hankali kan Harsunan 'Yan Asalin Alaska da Nazari a cikin digiri na farko a Arts Liberal Arts..<ref>{{cite news |title=UAS ceremony honors 670 grads |url=https://www.juneauempire.com/news/uas-ceremony-honors-670-grads/ |access-date=25 March 2021 |work=Juneau Empire |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ==Kudacin Amurka == [[Kichwa language|Kichwa]]Yaren Quechua iri-iri ne da ake magana da shi a Ecuador kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin yarukan ƴan asalin da ake magana da su a Kudancin Amirka. Duk da wannan gaskiyar, Kichwa harshe ne na barazana, musamman saboda yaɗuwar Mutanen Espanya a Kudancin Amirka. Ɗaya daga cikin al'ummomin masu magana da Kichwa na asali, Lagunas, ɗaya ne daga cikin al'ummomin ƴan asali na farko da suka canza zuwa harshen Sipaniya. A cewar King, hakan ya faru ne saboda karuwar ciniki da kasuwanci tare da babban garin da ke magana da Mutanen Espanya. Mutanen Lagunas sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba don dalilai na haɗa al'adu ba ne, saboda suna daraja asalin al'adun su sosai. Duk da haka, da zarar an yi wannan hulɗar, harshe na mutanen Lagunas ya canza zuwa tsararraki, zuwa Kichwa da harshen Mutanen Espanya kuma yanzu shine ainihin harshen Mutanen Espanya. Hankalin mutanen Lagunas yana gabatar da dichotomy tare da amfani da harshe, saboda yawancin membobin Lagunas suna magana da Mutanen Espanya na musamman kuma kawai sun san 'yan kalmomi a cikin Kichwa. Abubuwan da ake fatan sake farfado da harshen Kichwa ba su da alfanu, saboda iyaye sun dogara da karatun makaranta don wannan dalili, wanda bai kusan yin tasiri kamar ci gaba da bayyana harshe a cikin gida ba. Makaranta a cikin unguwar Lagunas, ko da yake ana mai da hankali sosai kan koyar da Kichwa, ya ƙunshi galibin mu'amala, karatu, da rubutu cikin Kichwa. Baya ga ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga tushe, ƙungiyoyin farfaɗo da harshe na ƙasa, kamar CONAIE, suna mai da hankali kan yaran ƴan asalin da ba sa jin Mutanen Espanya, waɗanda ke wakiltar ƴan tsiraru masu yawa a ƙasar. Wani yunƙuri na ƙasa, Shirin Ilimin Al'adu tsakanin Bilingual (PEBI), bai yi tasiri ba wajen farfado da harshe saboda ana ba da koyarwa cikin Kichwa kuma ana koyar da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin yare na biyu ga yara waɗanda kusan masu yaren Sipaniya guda ɗaya ne. Ko da yake wasu fasahohin suna ganin ba su da tasiri, Kendall A. King yana ba da shawarwari da yawa: Bayyanawa da samun harshen tun yana ƙuruciya. Matsakaicin dabarun nutsewa. Ƙoƙari da yawa da yawa don isa ga manya. Sassauci da daidaitawa a cikin tsarawa da aiwatarwa Kai tsaye magana iri-iri na harshe. Masu tsarawa suna jaddada cewa farfado da harshe tsari ne mai tsawo Haɗa mutane da yawa gwargwadon yiwuwa Iyaye suna amfani da yaren tare da 'ya'yansu Masu tsarawa da masu ba da shawara suna fuskantar matsalar daga kowane bangare. Shawarwari na musamman sun haɗa da ba da kyakkyawar fahimta game da harshe a makarantu, mai da hankali kan ƙoƙarin tushe a makaranta da gida, da kula da kulawar ƙasa da yanki.<ref name="end">{{cite book|last=King|first=Kendall|title=Language Revitalization Processes and Prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes|year=2001|publisher=Multilingual Matters LTD|location=New York|isbn=1-85359-494-6|pages=187–218}}</ref> ==Asia == ==Hebrew == Samfura:Ƙari Farfaɗo da harshen Ibrananci shine kawai misali mai nasara na sake farfado da yaren da ya mutu. Harshen Ibrananci ya tsira har zuwa lokacin tsakiyar zamanai a matsayin harshen liturgy na Yahudawa da adabin rabbi. Tare da hawan sahyoniyanci a karni na 19, an sake farfado da ita a matsayin harshe da ake magana da kuma adabi, da farko ya zama yare da ake magana da shi a tsakanin Yahudawan farko da suka yi hijira zuwa Falasdinu na Ottoman kuma sun sami matsayi na hukuma a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin shekarar 1922 na Dokar Burtaniya ga Falasdinu da daga baya na kasar Isra'ila. Sanskrit Samfura:Ƙari an yi yunƙurin sake farfado da Sanskrit a Indiya. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan yunƙurin, babu masu magana da yaren farko na Sanskrit a Indiya. A cikin kowace ƙidayar ƙidayar shekara ta Indiya kwanan nan, 'yan ƙasa dubu da yawa sun ba da rahoton Sanskrit ya zama yarensu na asali. Duk da haka, ana tunanin waɗannan rahotannin suna nuna alamar fata don daidaitawa da martabar harshen, maimakon kasancewa da gaske na nuni da kasancewar dubban masu magana da L1 Sanskrit a Indiya. Haka kuma an sami karuwar abubuwan da ake kira "kauyukan Sanskrit", amma masana sun nuna shakku kan yadda ake magana da harshen Sanskrit da gaske a irin wadannan kauyuka. Soyot Template:Main Yaren Soyot na Soyot masu ƙima a Buryatia, Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin yaren Turkawa na Siberiya, an sake gina shi kuma an buga ƙamus na Soyot-Buryat-Russian a shekara ta 2002. Harshen a halin yanzu ana koyar da shi a wasu makarantun firamare. Aynu Template:Main Harshen Ainu na ƴan asalin Ainu na arewacin Japan a halin yanzu yana ci gaba da tabarbarewa, amma ana ci gaba da ƙoƙarin farfado da shi. Wani bincike na shekarar 2006 na Hokkaido Ainu ya nuna cewa kashi 4.6 cikin 100 na Ainu da aka bincika sun sami damar yin magana a ciki ko "magana kaɗan" Ainu. A shekara ta 2001, ba a koyar da Ainu a kowace makarantun firamare ko sakandare a Japan, amma an ba da shi a cibiyoyin harshe da yawa da jami'o'i a Hokkaido, da kuma Jami'ar Chiba ta Tokyo. Manchu Samfura:Main A kasar Sin, yaren Manchu yana daya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin hadari, inda masu magana a kananan yankuna uku na Manchuria suka rage. Wasu masu kishin kasa suna kokarin farfado da harshen kakanninsu ta hanyar amfani da kamus da litattafai da ake da su, har ma da ziyartar gundumar Qapqal Xibe mai cin gashin kanta da ke jihar Xinjiang, inda har yanzu ake amfani da yaren Xibe na asali. Armenian Samfura: Babban Yaren Armeniya, musamman na Yaren Armeniya ta Yamma, UNESCO ta ayyana shi a matsayin yaren da ke cikin haɗari yayin da yawancin masu magana da yaren ke zama a cikin al'ummomin da ke nesa da ƙasarsu ta Anatoliya. Duk da haka, an yi ƙoƙari daban-daban don farfado da harshen, musamman a cikin al'ummar Los Angeles inda mafi yawan Armeniyawa na Yamma ke shugabanta. A cikin kundin karatunta, Shushan Karapetian ta yi bayani mai tsawo game da raguwar harshen Armeniya a Amurka, da sabbin hanyoyin kiyayewa da farfado da Armeniya ta Yamma, kamar kafa kwamitin Saroyan ko Kwamitin Kula da Harshen Armeniya, wanda aka kaddamar a shekara ta 2013. Ana iya ganin ƙoƙarin farfado da harshe a cikin Jami'ar California a Irvine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-03 |title=Keeping a language alive |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/12/03/keeping-a-language-alive/ |access-date=2023-05-29 |website=UCI News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Other Asian == yunƙurin farfado da Kodrah Kristang a Singapore na neman farfaɗo da ƙazamin Kiristang da ke cikin haɗari. A Tailandia, akwai aikin farfado da harshen Chong, wanda Suwilai Premsrirat ke jagoranta.<ref name=Suwilai>{{cite web |last1=Premsrirat |first1=Suwilai |title=Chong Language Revitalization Project |url=http://www.mekongwatch.org/PDF/Suwilai_Part1.pdf |website=Mekong Watch |publisher=Mahidol University |access-date=22 June 2019}}</ref> ==Europe == A Turai, a cikin karni na 19 da farkon 20th, amfani da harsunan gida da na koyo ya ragu yayin da gwamnatocin tsakiya na jihohi daban-daban suka sanya harshensu na yare a matsayin ma'auni a duk lokacin ilimi da kuma amfani da hukuma (haka ya kasance a Birtaniya). Faransa, Spain, Italiya da Girka, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, a Jamus da Austria-Hungary). [Ana bukatan hujja] A cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, kishin ƙasa na gida da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam sun samar da ma'auni na manufofin al'adu da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Turai; An bayyana kakkausar suka kan ayyukan da aka yi a baya na murkushe harsunan yanki ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin kamar "harshe". == Irish == {{Main|Status of the Irish language}} Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun ƙoƙarin Turai na farfado da harshe ya shafi harshen Irish. Yayin da Ingilishi ya mamaye yawancin Ireland, Irish, yaren Celtic, har yanzu ana magana da shi a wasu yankuna da ake kira Gaeltachtaí, amma akwai raguwa sosai. Kalubalen da harshen ya fuskanta a cikin ƴan ƙarnuka da suka gabata sun haɗa da keɓancewa daga muhimman wurare, wulaƙanta zamantakewa, mutuwa ko ƙaura na yawancin masu magana da Irish a lokacin yunwar Irish na shekarun 1840s, da ci gaba da ƙaura tun daga. An yi ƙoƙari don farfado da Irish, duk da haka, daga tsakiyar shekarar 1800s, kuma an danganta su da sha'awar 'yancin siyasar Irish. Farfaɗowar harshen Irish na zamani ya haɗa da koyar da Irish a matsayin yaren dole a manyan makarantun Ingilishi. Amma rashin koyar da shi ta hanya mai inganci da jan hankali yana nufin (kamar yadda masanin ilimin harshe Andrew Carnie ya lura) cewa ɗalibai ba sa samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don dorewar harshen, kuma hakan yana haifar da gundura da bacin rai. Carnie kuma ta lura da rashin kafofin watsa labarai a cikin Irish (a shekarar 2006),<ref name="autogenerated2">Carnie, Andrew. "Modern Irish: Modern Irish: A Case Study in Language Revival Failure." (1995).</ref>duk da ba haka lamarin yake ba. Rushewar Gaeltachtaí da gazawar farfaɗowar da gwamnati ta jagoranta an fuskanci matsalar farfaɗowar birane. Wannan ya dogara ne akan tsarin makaranta mai zaman kansa, wanda aka fi sani da Gaelskoileanna. Waɗannan makarantu suna koyarwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar Irish kuma adadinsu yana ƙaruwa, tare da irin waɗannan makarantu sama da talatin a Dublin kaɗai. Su ne muhimmin kashi a cikin ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na masu magana da Irish na birni (wanda aka sani da Gaeilgeoirí), waɗanda suka kasance matasa, masu ilimi da matsakaici. Yanzu yana yiwuwa wannan rukunin ya sami taro mai mahimmanci, gaskiyar da ke nunawa a fadada kafofin watsa labaru na Irish. Talabijin na harshen Irish ya sami nasara ta musamman. An yi iƙirarin cewa sun fi samun ilimi fiye da masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya kuma suna jin daɗin matsayi na zamantakewa.<ref>‘Language and Occupational Status: Linguistic Elitism in the Irish Labour Market,’ The Economic and Social Review, Vol. 40, No. 4, Winter, 2009, pp. 435–460: https://ideas.repec.org/a/eso/journl/v40y2009i4p435-460.html</ref> They yana wakiltar canjin Irish zuwa duniyar birni ta zamani, tare da haɓakar martaba. Scottish Gaelic Har ila yau, akwai yunƙurin sake farfado da harshe mai alaƙa na Scottish Gaelic, wanda aka danne bayan samuwar Ƙasar Ingila, kuma ya shiga ƙara raguwa saboda izinin Highland. A halin yanzu, Gaelic ana magana ne kawai a cikin Tsibirin Yamma da wasu ƙananan yankuna na tsaunuka da tsibirai. Ragewar masu magana da Gaelic masu iya magana ya ragu; duk da haka, cibiyar yawan jama'a ta koma masu magana da L2 a cikin birane, musamman Glasgow.<ref>{{cite news |title=Census shows decline in Gaelic speakers 'slowed' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-24281487 |access-date=23 June 2014 |work=[[BBC News Online]] |date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first1=Alison |last1=Campsie |title=Gaelic speakers map: Where in Scotland is Gaelic thriving? |url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gaelic-speakers-map-where-in-scotland-is-gaelic-thriving-1-3903467 |access-date=6 April 2017 |work=[[The Scotsman]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Manx == {{Main|Manx language revival}} Wani yaren Celtic, Manx, ya rasa mai magana na ƙarshe a cikin shekara ta 1974 kuma UNESCO ta ayyana bacewa a shekarar 2009, amma bai taɓa faɗuwa daga amfani da shi ba. Harshen yanzu ana koyar da shi a makarantun firamare da sakandare, gami da matsayin hanyar koyarwa a Bunscoill Ghaelgagh, ana amfani da shi a wasu al'amuran jama'a kuma kusan mutane 1800 suna magana a matsayin yare na biyu. Ƙoƙarin farfadowa sun haɗa da nunin rediyo a cikin Manx Gaelic da kafofin watsa labarun da albarkatun kan layi. Gwamnatin Manx ta kuma shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi irin su Manx Heritage Foundation (Culture Vannin) da matsayi na Jami'in Harshe na Manx. Gwamnati ta fitar da Dabarun Harshen Manx na shekara ta 2017 zuwa shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437 |title=Lifelines for indigenous languages {{!}} The World Weekly |website=www.theworldweekly.com |access-date=2018-01-06 |archive-date=2018-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107232933/https://www.theworldweekly.com/reader/view/magazine/2018-01-04/lifelines-for-indigenous-languages/10437/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Cornish == An yi yunƙuri da dama don farfado da harshen Masarauta, na sirri da wasu a ƙarƙashin haɗin gwiwar Harshen Masara. Wasu ayyukan sun haɗa da fassarar nassosin Kirista, ƙungiyar bariki,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |title=Guild of Bards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706051224/http://www.gorsethkernow.org.uk/english/welcome.htm |archive-date=2009-07-06 |website=[[Gorseth Kernow]]}}</ref> da kuma haɓaka adabin Masarawa a cikin Masarautar zamani, gami da litattafai da wakoki. ==Breton == {{Main|Breton language#Revival efforts}} ==Caló == Romani da ya isa yankin Iberian ya haɓaka yaren Romani na Iberian. Yayin da lokaci ya wuce, Romani ya daina zama cikakken harshe kuma ya zama Caló, wanda ba zai iya haɗa nahawu na Romance na Iberian da ƙamus na Romani ba. Tare da zama da koyarwar wajibi a cikin yarukan hukuma, Calo ana amfani da ƙasa da ƙasa. Kamar yadda Iberian Romani daidai yake bacewa kuma kamar yadda Caló ke cikin haɗari, wasu mutane suna ƙoƙarin farfado da harshen. Dan siyasar Sipaniya Juan de Dios Ramírez Heredia yana haɓaka Romanò-Kalò, bambance-bambancen Romani na Duniya, waɗanda kalmomin Calo suka wadatar. Manufarsa ita ce sake haɗa tushen Calo da Romani. == Livonian == {{Main|Livonian language revival}} Harshen Livonian, yaren Finnic, wanda aka taɓa yin magana game da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin Latvia na zamani, ya mutu a ƙarni na 21 tare da mutuwar mai magana ta ƙarshe Grizelda Kristiņa a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni, shekara ta 2013. A yau akwai kusan mutane 210 galibi suna zaune a ciki. Latvia waɗanda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin Livonian kuma suna magana da yaren akan matakin A1-A2 bisa ga Tsarin Tsarin Harsuna na gama gari na Turai da tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 40 waɗanda ke magana da yaren akan matakin B1 zuwa sama. A yau duk masu magana suna koyon Livonian a matsayin harshe na biyu. Akwai shirye-shirye daban-daban da ke ilmantar da mutanen Latvia kan al'adun gargajiya da na harshe na Livonians da kuma cewa yawancin Latvia suna da zuriyar Livonian gama gari. Shirye-shiryen da ya kamata a ambata sun haɗa da: Livones.net tare da cikakkun bayanai game da harshe, tarihi da al'adu Cibiyar Livonian ta Jami'ar Latvia tana yin bincike a kan yaren Livonian, sauran yarukan Finnic a Latvia da kuma samar da ƙamus na Livonian-Latvia-Estoniya mai fa'ida tare da raguwa/conjugations. Virtual Livonia tana ba da bayanai kan yaren Livonian musamman nahawunsa Mierlinkizt: Sansanin bazara na shekara-shekara don yara don koya wa yara game da yaren Livonian, al'adu da sauransu. Līvõd Īt (Ƙungiyar Livonian) Gadon harshe da al'adun Livonian yana cikin kundin al'adun Latvia kuma kariya, farfaɗowa da haɓaka Livonian kamar yadda dokar Latvia ta ba da garantin yare na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=14740 |title=Valsts valodas likums |trans-title=State Language Law |language=lv |website=LIKUMI.LV}}</ref> ==Old Prussian == Wasu 'yan masana ilimin harshe da masu ilimin falsafa suna da hannu wajen farfado da wani nau'i na tsohon Prussian da aka sake ginawa daga catechisms na Luther, Kalmomin Elbing, sunayen wuri, da kalmomin lamuni na Prussian a cikin Low Prussian yare na Jamusanci. Mutane da yawa dozin suna amfani da yaren a Lithuania, Kaliningrad, da Poland, haɗe da ƴan yara da suke yare biyu.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szatkowski |first1=Piotr |title=Language practices in a family of Prussian language revivalists: Conclusions based on short-term participants observation |journal=Pismo Humanistów |date=2021 |volume=18 |issue=2626 |doi=10.11649/a.0000 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Prusaspira ta buga fassarar su ta Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince. Piotr Szatkowski (Pīteris Šātkis) ne ya fassara littafin kuma aka sake shi a cikin shekarar 2015. Sauran ƙoƙarin al'ummomin Baltic Prussian sun haɗa da haɓaka ƙamus na kan layi, aikace-aikacen koyo da wasanni. Hakanan an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don samar da kiɗa tare da rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin yaren Baltic Prussian da aka farfado, musamman a cikin Kaliningrad Oblast na Romowe Rikoito, Kellan da Āustras Laīwan, amma kuma a cikin Lithuania ta Kūlgrinda a cikin kundi na shekarar 2005 Prūsų Giesmės (Prussian) Hymės (Prussian) , kuma a cikin Latvia na Rasa Ensemble a cikin shekara ta 1988 da Valdis Muktupāvels a cikin oratorio na shekarar 2005 "Pārcēlātājs Pontifex" wanda ke nuna sassa da yawa da aka rera a cikin Prussian..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oratorio |url=http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/oratorio.htm |access-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> Muhimmi a cikin wannan farkawa shine Vytautas Mažiulis, wanda ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Afrilun shekarar 2009, da almajirinsa Letas Palmaitis, shugaban gwaji kuma marubucin gidan yanar gizon Prussian Reconstructions. Masu ba da gudummawa biyu marigayi sune Prāncis Arellis (Pranciškus Erelis), Lithuania, da Dailūns Russinis (Dailonis Rusiņš), Latvia. Bayan su, Twankstas Glabbis daga yankin Kaliningrad da Nērtiks Pamedīns daga Gabas-Prussia, yanzu Yaren mutanen Poland Warmia-Mazuria sun shiga ƙwazo..{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} ==Yola == Ƙungiyar farfaɗo da harshen Yola ta bunƙasa a Wexford a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma cibiyar albarkatun "Gabble Ing Yola" na kayan Yola ta ce akwai kusan masu magana da harshen Yola kusan 140 a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How many speakers of Yola are there now? |url=https://sites.google.com/view/gabble-ing-yola/faq?authuser=0#h.l4sh1vo1baxr |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=google |language=en}}</ref> == Oceania == ==Australia == Turawan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya, da kuma irin barnar da al'ummomin Aborijin suka yi, sun yi mummunar tasiri a kan harsunan asali, musamman a kudu maso gabas da kudancin kasar, wanda ya bar wasu ba su da masu magana na gargajiya. Yawancin al'ummomin Aboriginal a Victoria da sauran wurare yanzu suna ƙoƙarin farfado da wasu daga cikin waɗannan harsuna. gungun dattawan Aboriginal da sauran mutane masu ilimi ne ke jagorantar aikin, tare da ma'aikatan harshen al'umma suna yin mafi yawan bincike da koyarwa. Suna nazarin bayanan, haɓaka tsarin rubutun kalmomi da ƙamus da shirya albarkatu. Ana yin shawarwari tare da haɗin gwiwa. Wasu al'ummomi suna ɗaukar masana harshe, kuma akwai kuma masana ilimin harshe waɗanda suka yi aiki da kansu, kamar Luise Hercus da Peter K. Austin. A jihar Queensland, ana kokarin koyar da wasu harsunan ‘yan asalin kasar a makarantu da kuma samar da bita ga manya. Sama da harsuna 150 aka taba yin magana a cikin jihar, amma a yau kasa da 20 ake magana da su a matsayin harshen farko, kuma kasa da kashi biyu cikin dari na makarantu suna koyar da kowane yare na asali. Harshen Gunggari harshe ɗaya ne da ake farfaɗo da shi, inda ya rage masu jin harsuna uku kawai. A cikin Yankin Arewa, aikin Pertame misali ne a tsakiyar Ostiraliya. Pertame, daga ƙasar kudancin Alice Springs, tare da Kogin Finke, yare ne a cikin rukunin harsunan Arrernte. Tare da ƙwararrun masu magana guda 20 kawai da suka rage zuwa shekara ta 2018, Pertame Project yana neman riƙewa da farfado da harshen, wanda dattijon Pertame Christobel Swan ke jagoranta. A arewa mai nisa na Kudancin Ostiraliya, harshen Diyari yana da shiri mai aiki da aiki, tare da kayan aikin koyarwa a makarantu da sauran al'umma. Har ila yau, a Kudancin Ostiraliya, akwai wata ƙungiya a Jami'ar Adelaide da ke koyarwa da kuma inganta amfani da harshen Kaurna, wanda Rob Amery ke jagoranta, wanda ya samar da littattafai da kayan aiki da yawa. Sashen Ilimi da Horarwa na Victoria ya ba da rahoton rajistar ɗalibai 1,867 a makarantu 14 waɗanda ke ba da Shirin Harsunan Aboriginal a cikin jihar Victoria a cikin shekara ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2019 |title=Languages Provision in Victorian Government Schools, 2018 |url=https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2021 |publisher=State of Victoria (Department of Education and Training) |archive-date=April 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423055707/https://www.education.vic.gov.au/Documents/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/languages/eduState-languages-provision-report-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==New Zealand == {{Further|Māori language revival}} Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shari'o'in nasarar dangi a cikin farfaɗowar harshe shine batun Maori, wanda kuma aka sani da te reo Māori. Harshen kakanni na ƴan asalin ƙasar Maori na New Zealand ne kuma abin hawa don ba da labari, waƙoƙin waƙa, da karanta zuriyarsu. Ana koyar da tarihin mutanen Maori a cikin Maori a cikin gidajen koyo masu tsarki ta hanyar watsawa ta baki. Ko bayan Maori ya zama rubutaccen harshe, an kiyaye al'adar baka.<ref name="senft">{{cite book|last=Senft|first=Gunter|title=Endangered Austronesian and Australian Aboriginal Languages|year=2010|publisher=Pacific Linguistics|location=Canberra|isbn=9780858836235|pages=185–192}}</ref> Da zarar Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara, an kafa dokoki da yawa don inganta amfani da Ingilishi akan Maori a tsakanin ƴan asali. Dokar Dokar Ilimi ta a shekarar 1847 ta ba da umarnin koyarwa a makaranta cikin Ingilishi da kuma kafa makarantun allo don hanzarta haɗa matasan Maori cikin al'adun Turai. Dokar Makaranta ta a shekarar 1858 ta hana Māori magana a makarantu. A cikin shekarun 1970, gungun matasan Maori, Ngā Tamatoa, sun yi nasarar yakin neman koyar da Maori a makarantu. Har ila yau, an kafa Kōhanga Reo, makarantun preschool na harshen Māori, da ake kira nests harshe. An ba da fifiko kan koyar da yara harshe tun suna ƙanana, dabara mai inganci don koyon harshe. An kafa Hukumar Harshen Maori a shekara ta 1987, wanda ya haifar da sauye-sauye da dama na kasa da nufin farfado da Maori. Sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen watsa labarai da ake watsawa a cikin Maori, shirye-shiryen koleji na farko da ake koyarwa a Maori, da kuma mako na harshen Maori na shekara-shekara. Kowace iwi (kabila) ta ƙirƙiri shirin tsara harshe wanda ya dace da takamaiman yanayinsa. Wannan yunƙurin ya haifar da ƙaruwar yaran da ake koyarwa a Maori a makarantu tun daga shekara ta 1996.<ref name=senft /> == Hawaiian == {{Main|Hawaiian language}} A shida daga cikin tsibirai bakwai na Hawai da ake zaune, Turancin Ingilishi ya ƙauracewa Hawaiian kuma yanzu ba a amfani da shi azaman harshen sadarwa na yau da kullun. Banda haka shi ne Niʻihau, inda Bahaushe ba a taɓa yin hijira ba, ba a taɓa yin haɗari ba, kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi kusan keɓe. Kokarin farfado da harshen ya karu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Makarantun nutsar da harshen Hawaiyan yanzu suna buɗe wa yaran da iyalansu ke son riƙe (ko gabatar da) harshen Hawai zuwa tsara na gaba. Gidan Rediyon Jama'a na gida yana da ɗan gajeren sashi mai taken "kalmar Hawai na rana". Bugu da ƙari, bugu na Lahadi na Honolulu Star-Bulletin da magajinsa, Honolulu Star- Advertiser, ya ƙunshi ɗan taƙaitaccen labarin da ake kira Kauakūkalahale, wanda ɗalibi ya rubuta gaba ɗaya cikin harshen Hawaii.<ref>Wilson, W. H.; Kamanä, K. (2001). Mai loko mai o ka 'i'ini: Proceeding from a dream: The Aha Pûnana Leo connection in Hawaiian language revitalization. In L. Hinton & K. Hale (eds.). ''The green book of language revitalization in practice''. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 147–177.</ref> == Ƙoƙarin farfadowa na yanzu == Language revitalization efforts are ongoing around the world. Revitalization teams are utilizing modern technologies to increase contact with indigenous languages and to record [[traditional knowledge]]. ==Mexico == A Meziko, yaren mutanen Mixtec ya ta'allaka ne akan hulɗar yanayi, yanayi, da kuma abin da yake nufi ga rayuwarsu [Ana bukatan hujja]. Shirin LINKS na UNESCO (ilimin gida da na asali) kwanan nan ya gudanar da wani aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙamus na Mixtec kalmomi da jimloli masu alaƙa da yanayi. UNESCO ta yi imanin cewa ilimin gargajiya na mutanen Mixtec ta hanyar zurfin alaƙarsu da abubuwan yanayi na iya ba da haske kan hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi. Manufar su na samar da ƙamus shine su "samar da tattaunawa tsakanin masana da masu ilimin gargajiya".<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Morales|first=Aracely Torres|date=January–March 2019|title=Ndejama cuia chi ini zaza: Mexico's Mixtec people know how to speak the language of nature|url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf|journal=The UNESCO Courier|pages=9|doi=10.18356/885fb3d6-en }}</ref> ==Canada == In Kanada, aikin Wapikoni Mobile yana tafiya zuwa al'ummomin asali kuma yana ba da darussan yin fim. Shugabannin shirye-shiryen suna tafiya a cikin Kanada tare da sassan samarwa na audiovisual na wayar hannu, kuma suna da nufin samarwa matasa 'yan asalin hanyar hanyar haɗi da al'adun su ta hanyar fim ɗin zaɓin da suka zaɓa. Shirin Wapikona yana gabatar da fina-finansa ga abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya a matsayin ƙoƙari na yada ilimin al'adu da harshe na asali..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gomez |first=Saturnin |date=January–March 2019 |title=Manon Barbeau: A Camera in Her Heart |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=10–12 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Chile == Daga cikin matasa a Rapa Nui (Easter Island), kashi goma cikin dari suna koyon yaren uwa. Sauran al'umma sun karɓi Mutanen Espanya don sadarwa tare da ƙasashen waje da tallafawa masana'antar yawon shakatawa. Ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin UNESCO da Chilean Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indigena, an ƙirƙiri Sashen Harshe da Al'adu na Rapa Nui a Makarantar Lorenzo Baeza Vega. Tun shekarar 1990, sashen ya ƙirƙiri rubutun ilimin firamare a cikin yaren Rapa Nui. A cikin shekara t2017, Nid Rapa Nui, ƙungiya mai zaman kanta kuma an ƙirƙira da manufar kafa makarantar da ke koyar da kwasa-kwasan gabaɗaya a Rapa Nui.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sopova |first1=Jasmina |last2=Ortega |first2=Carolina |date=January–March 2019 |title=Rapa Nui: Back from the Brink |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/cou_1_19_en.pdf |journal=The UNESCO Courier |pages=13–15 |via=UNESCO.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> == Amfanin kiwon lafiya na farfado da harshe == An danganta farfaɗo da harshe da ƙarin sakamakon kiwon lafiya ga al'ummomin ƴan asalin da ke da hannu wajen maido da harshen gargajiya. Fa'idodin sun fito ne daga ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali ga membobin al'umma, haɓaka alaƙa da al'adu, ainihi, da ma'anar gaba ɗaya. Harsunan ƴan asali ginshiƙi ne a cikin samuwar ainihi, suna ba da hanyoyin bayyana al'adu, hukuma, alaƙar ruhi da kakanni. Ana ɗaukar haɗin kai da al'adu a matsayin muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka yara, kuma haƙƙi ne na yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Children |url=http://www.unicef.org.au/Our-Work/Information-For-Children/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-the-Child |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=[[UNICEF]] |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817004621/https://www.unicef.org.au/our-work/information-for-children/un-convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kamar yadda ake aiwatar da mulkin mallaka da kuma ilimin harshe na gaba ta hanyar manufofi irin su waɗanda suka haifar da Ƙarni na Sata na Australiya sun lalata wannan haɗin. An ba da shawarar cewa farfaɗowar harshe na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance ɓarna tsakanin tsararraki da aka yi. Masu bincike a Jami'ar Adelaide da Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudancin Australia sun gano cewa farfado da harshe na harsunan Aborigin yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar lafiyar hankali. Ɗaya daga cikin binciken a cikin Barngarla Community a Kudancin Ostiraliya ya kasance yana kallon cikakkiyar fa'idodin sake fasalin harshe, warkar da tabo na tunani da tunani, da gina alaƙa ga al'umma da ƙasa waɗanda ke haifar da lafiya da lafiya. Binciken ya gano alaƙar mutanen Barngarla da harshensu a matsayin wani abu mai ƙarfi na haɓaka ingantaccen al'adu da na sirri; mutane suna da alaƙa da harshe kamar yadda suke da al'ada, kuma al'ada ita ce mabuɗin sanin su. Wasu masu goyon bayan sun yi iƙirarin cewa sake fasalin harshe wani nau'i ne na ƙarfafawa da kuma gina ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tare da al'umma da gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/living-languages |title=Living languages |website=AIATSIS |access-date=24 August 2021}}</ref> == Suka == [[John McWhorter|J]]Ohn McWhorter ya yi iƙirarin cewa shirye-shiryen farfado da harsunan asali ba za su taɓa yin tasiri sosai ba saboda matsalolin aiki da ke tattare da su. Ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, mutuwar harshe ba wai yana nufin mutuwar al’ada ba. Har ila yau furcin ƴan asalin yana yiwuwa ko da asalin harshen ya ɓace, kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƴan asalin ƙasar Amurka da kuma tabbatar da ƙarfin al'adun baƙar fata a Amurka, a tsakanin mutanen da ba Yarabanci ba amma Ingilishi. Ya bayar da hujjar cewa mutuwar harshe, abin ban mamaki, alama ce ta ƙaura da raba sararin samaniya: "Don kiyaye harsuna daban-daban a cikin tsararraki suna faruwa ne kawai a cikin wariyar kai da ba a saba gani ba - kamar na Amish-ko wariya.".<ref>{{cite journal | last=McWhorter | first=John | title=The Cosmopolitan Tongue: The Universality of English | journal=World Affairs | publisher=Sage Publications, Inc. | volume=172 | issue=2 | year=2009 | issn=00438200 | jstor=20671445 | pages=61–68 | url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20671445 | access-date=2024-02-11}}</ref> [[Kenan Malik]]<nowiki/>ya kuma bayar da hujjar cewa "rashin hankali" ne a yi kokarin kiyaye dukkan harsunan duniya, saboda mutuwar harshe dabi'a ce kuma a yawancin lokuta ba makawa, ko da tare da shiga tsakani. Ya ba da shawarar cewa mutuwar harshe yana inganta sadarwa ta hanyar tabbatar da ƙarin mutane suna magana da harshe ɗaya. Wannan na iya amfanar tattalin arziki kuma ya rage rikici.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11304255 |work=[[BBC News]] |title=Are dying languages worth saving? |date=15 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204090815/http://www.kenanmalik.com/essays/die.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 4, 2002 |title=Let Them Die |first=Kenan |last=Malik |work=[[Prospect (magazine)|Prospect]] |date=November 20, 2000 <!-- original publication: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/letthemdie/ -->}}</ref> Kare tsirarun harsuna daga ɓarkewa galibi ba damuwa ba ne ga masu magana da harshen da ya mamaye. Sau da yawa ana samun kyama da zalunci da gangan ga ƙananan harsuna, don dacewa da al'ada da tattalin arzikin ƙungiyoyin tsiraru..<ref>Ellis, Peter Berresford. 1985. The Celtic Revolution: A Study in Anti-imperialism. Talybont: Y Lolfa.</ref>A wasu lokuta gwamnatoci suna ganin cewa farashin shirye-shiryen farfado da samar da kayan masarufi daban-daban ya yi yawa ba za su iya ɗauka ba on.<ref>Tsunoda, Tasaku. Language Endangerment and Language Revitalization. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, 2005. 158-159. Print.</ref> == Duba == * [[:Category:Language activists]] * [[Contemporary Latin]] * [[Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation]] * [[Endangered languages]] * [[Language documentation]] * [[Language nest]] * [[Language planning]] * [[Language policy]] * [[Linguistic purism]] * [[Minority language]] * [[Regional language]] * [[Rosetta Project]] * [[Sacred language]] * [[Second-language acquisition]] * [[Treasure language]] * [[Languages in censuses]] == Ayyukan dijital da wuraren ajiya == *[[Lingua Libre]] − a [[FLOSS|libre]] online tool used to record words and phrases of any language (thousands of recordings have already been done in endangered languages like [[Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]], [[Occitan language|Occitan]], [[Basque language|Basque]], [[Catalan language|Catalan]], and are all available on [[c:Category:Lingua Libre pronunciation|Wikimedia Commons]]) *[[Tatoeba]] contains example sentences with translations in dozens of endangered languages, including [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Basque language|Basque]] and [[Cornish language|Cornish]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of sentences per language - Tatoeba |url=https://tatoeba.org/en/stats/sentences_by_language |access-date=2022-11-14 |website=tatoeba.org}}</ref> *The [[Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages ]] − contains works in endangered languages of the [[Northern Territory]], Australia ==Kungiyoyi== * [[Foundation for Endangered Languages]] * [[The Language Conservancy]] * [[Pūnana Leo]], Hawaiian language schools * [[Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity]] * [[Culture Vannin]], Manx Gaelic language organization * [[SIL International]] ==Jeri== * [[Lists of endangered languages]] * [[List of endangered languages with mobile apps]] * [[Lists of extinct languages]] * [[List of language regulators]] * [[List of revived languages]] == Bayanan kula == {{notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * Grenoble, L. A. and Whaley, L. J. (1998). ''Endangered Languages: Language Loss and Community Response''. Cambridge University Press. ({{ISBN|0-521-59712-9}}) * Nettle, D. and Romaine, S. (2000). ''Vanishing Voices''. Oxford University Press. ({{ISBN|0-19-515246-8}}) * Reyhner, J. (ed.) (1999). ''Revitalizing indigenous languages''. Flagstaff, AZ : Northern Arizona University, Center for Excellence in Education. ({{ISBN|0-9670554-0-7}}) *Bastardas-Boada, A. (2019). ''[https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/196101 From language shift to language revitalization and sustainability. A complexity approach to linguistic ecology]''. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. ({{ISBN|978-84-9168-316-2}}) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{External links|date=January 2017}} == Ƙungiyoyi == * [https://www.firstlanguages.org.au/ First Languages Australia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101012205100/http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/enduring-voices Enduring Voices Project], ''[[National Geographic Society|National Geographic]]'' * [http://www.livingtongues.org/hotspots.html Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages] * [http://www.hrelp.org Hans Rausing Endangered Languages Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120729162403/http://www.hrelp.org/ |date=2012-07-29 }} * [http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/ Google Endangered Languages Project] * [http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home Fourth International 3L Summer School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205112837/http://www.ddl.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/colloques/3l_2012/index.asp?Langues=EN&Page=Home |date=2021-12-05 }} * [http://www.rnld.org/ Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315144039/http://www.rnld.org/ |date=2015-03-15 }} * [http://www.oralliterature.org/ World Oral Literature Project, Voices of Vanishing Worlds] == Kanada == * {{Cite web |title=RPM YouTube Playlist – "Revitalization" |work=RPM.fm |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |archive-date=2012-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720134516/http://rpm.fm/news/rpm-youtube-playlist-revitalization/ |url-status=dead }} == Amurka == * [[Documenting Endangered Languages]], [https://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=12816&org=BCS Documenting Endangered Languages (DEL) (Archived program)] ''[[National Science Foundation]]'' * [http://www.saivus.org Society to Advance Indigenous Vernaculars of the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227063740/http://www.saivus.org/ |date=2012-02-27 }}, (Savius.org) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171024043330/http://www.uaf.edu/anlc/resources/focus-groups/revitalizationprograms/ Programs Concerned with Alaska Native Language (ANL) Revitalization] * {{Cite web |title=The Young Ancestors, Camino Verite Films |access-date=2012-08-08 |url=http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420081338/http://theyoungancestors.com/TheYoungAncestors/Home.html |archive-date=2018-04-20 |url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Stephens |first=Patia |title=Language 911: UM helps rescue fading indigenous voices |work=Vision, Research, Scholarship & Innovation, The University of Montana |access-date=2012-08-08 |year=2006 |url=http://www2.umt.edu/urelations/vision/2007/13language.htm}} ==California == * [http://aicls.org/ Advocates for Indigenous California Language Survival] * [http://www.ilinative.org/ Indigenous Language Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517154720/http://www.ilinative.org/ |date=2012-05-17 }} * [http://www.liveyourlanguagealliance.org/ Live Your Language Alliance (LYLA)] "It is the desire of the Live Your Language Alliance to hear and speak the traditional languages of the [[Tolowa language|Tolowa]], [[Karuk language|Karuk]], [[Yurok language|Yurok]], [[Hupa language|Hupa]], [[Tsnungwe]], [[Wiyot language|Wiyot]], [[Mattole]], and [[Eel River Athapaskan peoples|Wailaki]]." * {{Cite news |last=Agha |first=Marisa |title=Language preservation helps American Indian students stick with college |work=[[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date=2012-08-08 |date=2012-03-18 |url=http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |archive-date=2015-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010033611/http://www.csusm.edu/air/NewsArticles/2012_articles/language_preservation_helps_american_indian_students_stick_with_college.pdf |url-status=dead }} ==Fasaha == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwLNc-QFUlE&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=1&feature=plcp Recording your elder/Native speaker], practical vocal recording tips for non-professionals * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAUgc5hHAHU&list=UUQElH-OXARO_PycfKd6HPUg&index=9&feature=plcp Learning indigenous languages on Nintendo] * [http://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ Texting endangered languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525143823/https://www.altalang.com/beyond-words/2012/03/26/texting-endangered-languages/ |date=2017-05-25 }} * [http://www.firstvoices.com/en/apps First Nations endangered languages chat applications] * [http://www.mpi.nl/DOBES/dobesprogramme/ DOBES Documentation of Endangered Languages] == Dabaru == * {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20121128011323/http://www.kawaiisu.org/KLCC_service.html Kawaiisu Language and Cultural Center training]}} * [http://aicls.org/ Pointers on How to Learn Your Language] (scroll to link on page) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100131/http://www.aicls.org/breathoflife/talks.php Do-it-yourself grammar and reading in your language], Breath of Life 2010 presentations * [http://www.languagehunters.org/ Language Hunters] * [http://www.whereareyourkeys.org/ Where Are Your Keys] * [http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ Lost Words - The Documentary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627223026/http://www.lostwordsdocumentary.com/ |date=2014-06-27 }}, covers Dr. Stephen Greymorning's Accelerated Second Language Learning {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Language Revitalization}} [[Category:Language revival| ]] [[Category:Linguistic purism]] [[Category:Linguistic rights]] [[Category:Endangered languages]] h3czfaclmvlai6cwu5qe2vyqzq952gx 0 71887 905179 821809 2026-08-20T18:37:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fade Ogunro''' mutum ne na kan iska, mai gabatar da rediyo da talabijin, mai shirya fina-finai, kuma mai Fadeya. Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na Bookings Africa, mai ba da sabis na hazaka ta kan layi a Afirka. 'Yar asalin jihar Ekiti ce da ke kudu maso yammacin Najeriya. Tana jin [[Turanci]], [[Faransanci]] da [[Yaren Sifen|Sipaniya]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://iamschick.com/celebrity/schickwoman-fade-ogunro-is-the-mediapreneur-taking-over-africa/|title=#SCHICKWOMAN: FADE OGUNRO IS THE MEDIAPRENEUR TAKING OVER AFRICA|date=December 26, 2017}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/|title=AML's Nigerian Women in Entertainment: (Video) Fade Ogunro Shares Insight on her Video Production Company, Film Factory|date=December 9, 2013|access-date=February 26, 2024|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119132131/https://africamusiclaw.com/amls-nigerian-women-in-entertainment-video-fade-ogunro-shares-insight-on-her-video-production-company/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Fade Ogunro ta bar [[Najeriya]] zuwa [[Birtaniya|kasar Ingila]] tare da iyayenta tun tana da shekaru 7 a duniya. Ta karanci aikin jarida da rubutun kirkire-kirkire a Jami'ar Roehampton, UK.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/|title="I Have Turned 30...It’s Time For Me To Focus More On My Company!" - Fade Ogunro On The Real Reason She Left Radio|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=February 26, 2024|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119140650/https://woman.ng/2016/01/i-have-turned-30-its-time-for-me-to-focus-more-on-my-company-fade-ogunro-on-the-real-reason-she-left-radio/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan karatun jami'a, ta yi aiki da Google a Burtaniya. Ta dawo Najeriya a shekarar 2010 kuma ta fara aiki da Rediyo Continental a wannan shekarar. Ta yi aiki a Labaran PM, Jaridar Guardian, 234 Next da Beat 99.9 FM rediyo. Tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen rediyo a karshen mako a cikin Beat 99.9FM. Ita kuma mai daukar nauyin shirin talabijin mai suna Glam Report. Ta yi murabus daga gidan rediyon Beat 99.9 FM a shekarar 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v|title=Ex OAP explains why she left radio|date=January 12, 2016|website=Pulse Nigeria|access-date=February 26, 2024|archive-date=November 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119134527/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/fade-ogunro-ex-oap-explains-why-she-left-radio/bdw7y6v|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin Afrilu 2019, ta ƙaddamar da wani sabon app mai suna Bookings Africa . Aikace-aikacen yana bawa mahalarta damar bincika mutane masu basira daban-daban, isa ga waɗannan mutane, samun farashin ayyukansu da kwatanta irin waɗannan farashin da sauran masu ba da sabis. App ɗin yana da nau'ikan baiwa sama da 14 kuma ana samunsa a Najeriya, Kenya da Afirka ta Kudu Ita ce mai haɗin gwiwa kuma shugabar samarwa a FilmFactoryNG kamfanin samar da bidiyo. Har ila yau, tana gudanar da nata wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Fashion Friday tare da Fade. Ita ce macen Afirka ta farko da ta zauna a Kwamitin Yakin Duniya na Cherie Blair Foundation For Women, gidauniyar da ke taimakawa wajen gano mata 'yan kasuwa a kasashe masu karamin. Ogunro tsohon dan wasa ne . Tana daukar nauyin Anthony Mmesoma Madu, ’yar shekara 11 ballerina wacce bidiyonta ya yi kama da hoto a cikin 2020. == Duba kuma == * The Hawan Yesu zuwa sama (2face Idibia album) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l4o6owlg85wm3g27owlk0ko2hs0hpu0 0 71997 905553 657998 2026-08-21T10:45:29Z Zahrah0 14848 905553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Batul Arafa''' ( {{Lang-ar|بتول عرفة}}) (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1981) [[Darakta|darektar fina-finan]] [[Misirawa|Masar]] ce.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7040772/|title=Batol Arafa|website=IMDb|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcinema.com/en/person/2076899/|title=Batoul Arafa - Director - Filmography، photos، Video|website=elCinema.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Batoul arafa.jpg|thumb|Batoul Arafa]] Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Mir de Dieu a [[Alexandria]], sannan ta shiga Babban Cibiyar Nazarin Watsa Labarai kuma ta kammala karatu daga Sashen Wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2005. Batoul ta ba da umarni da yawa na wasan kwaikwayo da na Talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo na babban nasara, kuma ta jagoranci bukukuwa da yawa a ciki da wajen Masar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7040772/|title=Batol Arafa|website=IMDb|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elcinema.com/en/person/2076899/|title=Batoul Arafa - Director - Filmography، photos، Video|website=elCinema.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> == Filmography == === Series === * Ored Ragoln / (Larabci: أريد رجلًا)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/1212328|title=بالصور{{!}} الأكاديمية البحرية بالإسكندرية تكرم بتول عرفة مخرجة "أريد رجلا"|date=2016-06-04|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/896485|title=بتول عرفة تشكر مي كساب على ظهورها كضيفة شرف في "أريد رجلا"|date=2016-01-03|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2016/8/2/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9/2826971|title=المخرجة بتول عرفة: أستعد لتصوير برنامج "الحرملك" وتقدمه نجمة كبيرة - اليوم السابع|date=2016-08-02|work=اليوم السابع|access-date=2018-01-26|language=ar-Ar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washwasha.org/292013|title=بالصور.. بتول عرفة تتحدث لـ'وشوشة'عن كواليسها الفنية الجديدة|work=وشوشة|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> === Wasanni === * Chocolate Factory (Larabci : مصنع الشوكولاتة) * Cinderella (Larabci : سندريلا * The Tempest (Larabci : العاصفة) * Too late (Larabci : سوء تفاهم) * The just (Larabci : العادلون) === Shirye-shiryen Bidiyo === * El 3ar Series Song (Adamu) * Deny W Denak (Tamer Hosny) * Fe Alb Masr (Essaf) * ElNas El Ray'ah ([[Ramy Ayach]] & Adaweya)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.washwasha.org/303513|title=بالفيديو.. أحمد عدوية يشكر المخرجة بتول عرفة|work=وشوشة|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> * Tarekh Wy Hader (Mohamed Hassan & Rawan Eleyan)<ref>{{Citation|last=ArabianMusic Channel|title=أغنية تاريخ وحاضر محمد حسن - روان عليان {{!}} tarekh wy hader Mohamed Hassan - Rawan Eleyan|date=2017-10-07|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4p1rtXtp84|accessdate=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2601189|title=المخرجة بتول عرفة عن "تاريخ وحاضر": "سعيدة بردود أفعال كل الناس"|date=2017-10-10|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1201505|title=طرح كليب "يا تاريخ وحاضر" لـ روان عليان ومحمد حسن احتفالًا بذكرى أكتوبر {{!}} المصري اليوم|website=www.almasryalyoum.com|language=ar-AR|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref> * Habibi Ya Watan ([[Mohammed Fu'ad|Mohamed Fouad]]) == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] rxx6ybv88ol8ha4zyub9bn42mlmqax1 0 72153 905200 903725 2026-08-20T18:53:19Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905200 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin Dauda * Abin sha'awa (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * Abin sha'awa (2012) * ''Yin wasa lafiya'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''An sace Gobe'' (2013) * ''A cikin Takalmanta'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7ufli4jqy9n1o1q4umealrgl8ywy1xp 905201 905200 2026-08-20T18:54:38Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905201 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * Abin sha'awa (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * Abin sha'awa (2012) * ''Yin wasa lafiya'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''An sace Gobe'' (2013) * ''A cikin Takalmanta'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c06gtotk20exr3wnfhdxukpr3wiy85m 905209 905201 2026-08-20T18:58:58Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905209 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Yin wasa lafiya'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''An sace Gobe'' (2013) * ''A cikin Takalmanta'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] du1bhh8xsp2tktchp4c6v64jd34kkjs 905211 905209 2026-08-20T18:59:56Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905211 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''An sace Gobe'' (2013) * ''A cikin Takalmanta'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dgtitg87wti53mu2ss0u8lglhdu0ksp 905216 905211 2026-08-20T19:03:49Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905216 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''A cikin Takalmanta'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 61x64nxj0s2vn7gdb8oylgm1usywh8o 905217 905216 2026-08-20T19:04:59Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905217 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) as Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Lines da ba su da tabbas'' (2014) * ''Otal din Honeymoon'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9do5nqvm05n12enc3dyc02c1e4n0xxz 905219 905217 2026-08-20T19:08:18Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905219 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) as Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''Abokina Mai arziki'' (2014) * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ghngthm1uwlr3titkht0yabcsi42k97 905220 905219 2026-08-20T19:10:12Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905220 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) as Dauda * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) as Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sc4xoem8uicqwdrfcv4cqxx9jflvznn 905221 905220 2026-08-20T19:12:04Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905221 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Dole ne ta tafi'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 05j63zb6beo72u6mntxqwe1rcmxcws3 905222 905221 2026-08-20T19:13:21Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905222 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Ɗauki Mutum (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sabqfkodbxe5idcp2plxa955h81fb08 905223 905222 2026-08-20T19:15:43Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905223 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Fitar da Ƙauna (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] asj9ri2yaybwwdiek8wnwnw7nb4ybm1 905224 905223 2026-08-20T19:16:32Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905224 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Pebbles of Love (2017) Gilbert * Kayan aiki da yawa (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ow189mgvman5zp5x8uvizqle5w3gl07 905225 905224 2026-08-20T19:17:17Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905225 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Pebbles of Love (2017) Gilbert * Excess Luggage (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Ayyuka masu laushi (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''Hanyar Komawa Gida'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ozws7pinqfn06vnh8dai7q2ivcy2pe1 905226 905225 2026-08-20T19:20:17Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905226 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Pebbles of Love (2017) Gilbert * Excess Luggage (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Soft Work (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''A Way Back Home'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Kirsimeti a Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t189v88azq0296y931ez679pk16xldv 905227 905226 2026-08-20T19:21:41Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905227 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Pebbles of Love (2017) Gilbert * Excess Luggage (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Soft Work (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''A Way Back Home'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Christmas in Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * Ni Nazzy ne (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1o3suvh8a3z48emklm9wvb839wj5zhx 905229 905227 2026-08-20T19:22:50Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Filmography */ 905229 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} Ikechukwu Mitchel Ogbonna (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1984), wanda aka fi sani da IK Ogbonna, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na fina-finai da talabijin Na Najeriya, samfurin, darektan, kuma ɗan wasan talabijin. Shi Darakta ne, Model da kuma Mutumin Talabijin.[1] Ya kasance a cikin fim din Playing Safe tare da Tonto Dikeh da Ini Edo . [2]By == Ilimi == Ik ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare a Jihar Legas, inda ya sami Takardar shaidarsa ta farko da Takardar shaidar Makarantar Afirka ta Yamma bi da bi.<ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Jos a Jihar Plateau . <ref name="eduprofile" /> Mai wasan kwaikwayo ya sami digiri na Doctorate na Arts a cikin Jagora da Ci gaba daga Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Institut Supérieur De Management et de Technologie (ISMT) - Le Grand Frère |url=https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241211093623/https://legrandfrere.bf/etablissement/institut-superieur-de-management-et-detechnologie-ismt/ |archive-date=11 December 2024 |access-date=2024-11-21 |website=legrandfrere.bf/ |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ogbonna ya shiga cikin sauraron shirin talabijin na Amstel Malta Box Office a shekara ta 2005 kuma an zaba shi. Ya kasance abin koyi na dogon lokaci. Yayinda yake makarantar sakandare ya lashe lambar yabo ta Milo don Fine Arts <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Farkonsa a masana'antar fina-finai ya fara ne a shekarar 2013 lokacin da ya fito a Love Lorn . <ref name="eduprofile">{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2022-10-17 |title=Education Profile of IK Ogbonna |url=https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=PressPayNg Blog |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://presspay.ng/news/education-profile-of-ik-ogbonna/ "Education Profile of IK Ogbonna"]. ''PressPayNg Blog''. 17 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> A halin yanzu Alkalin ne a ''De9jaspirit Talent Hunt'' show . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--staff writer--> |date=2023-07-06 |title=Season 3 De9jaspirit Talent Hunt 2023 returns with 4 Judges, Host of incredible prizes |url=https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802140905/https://nigerianpilot.news/2023/07/06/season-3-de9jaspirit-talent-hunt-2023-returns-with-4-judges-host-of-incredible-prizes/ |archive-date=2023-08-02 |access-date=2023-08-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == == Filmography == * Save a Soul (2007) a matsayin David * A Wish (2012) * ''Lovelorn'' (2012) * A Wish (2012) * ''Playing Safe'' (2013) a matsayin Laporsche * ''Stolen Tomorrow (2013)'' * ''In Her Shoe'' (2013) a matsayin Ben * The Wrong Selfie (2014) a matsayin Alex * Hustlers (2014) a matsayin Cliff * Golden Diggin (2014) a matsayin Ik * ''Blurrred Lines '' (2014) * ''Honeymoon Hotel'' (2014) * ''My Rich Boyfriend'' (2013)'' * ''Ikogosi'' (2015) a matsayin George * Open Marriage (2015) a matsayin Kelvin * ''Black Bird'' (2015) a matsayin Chuks * A Week to My Wedding (2016) a matsayin Pedro * ''Ghana Must Go'' (2016) * Hire a Man (2017) a matsayin Benjamin * Pebbles of Love (2017) Gilbert * Excess Luggage (2017) a matsayin Enyinna * Disguise (2018) a matsayin Belinda/Lambo * The Washerman (2018) a matsayin Boniface * ''SHOWBIZ'' (2019) * The Confessor (2019) a matsayin Rev. Frank * Unroyal (2020) a matsayin Yarima Leonard * Soft Work (2020) a matsayin Dr. J. * ''A Way Back Home'' (2021) a matsayin George * ''[[Christmas in Miami]]'' (2021) a matsayin Nite Club PR * I am Nazzy (2022) * ''Kuskuren'' (2022) a matsayin Jasper * The Switch (2023) a matsayin Pablo * Loving Belinda (2023) a matsayin Chucks * ''Babban Ranar Teni'' (2023) a matsayin Benjamin * Ta Dukkanin (2024) a matsayin Nonso * ''Yadda nake son a ƙaunace ni'' (2024) a matsayin Olisa * Dukkanin da ke Haskakawa (2024) a matsayin Chuks * ''[[Move like a Boss|Ka yi tafiya kamar shugaba]]'' (2024) == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2015 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa a Abuja|{{Nom}} | |- |2017 |[[2017 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako - Turanci|{{Nom}} | |- |2018 |[[Kyautar fim ta Mutanen birni|Kyautar Fim ta Jama'a]] |Mafi kyawun Actor na Shekara|{{Nom}} |<ref name="vanguard" /> |- | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin rawar jagora - Turanci|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim|{{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gx9sjyfv70n4nhor2khit1i0xmyeb4t 0 74281 905020 611078 2026-08-20T12:02:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905020 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Don Mlangeni Eric Nawa''' (an haife shi 7 Yuni 1959 kuma ya mutu a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2025) [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu . An fi saninsa da rawar da ya taka a cikin fitattun shirye-shiryen ''<nowiki/>'Sgudi 'Snaysi'', ''[[Isidingo]]'' da ''Al'arshi'' . == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuni 1959 a Soweto, Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="tvsa">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-27 |title=Don Mlangeni Nawa career |url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=3101 |access-date=2020-11-27 |website=tvsa}}</ref> Yana da aure kuma uban yara biyar ne. == Sana'a == Ya fara wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo amma ba da jimawa ya koma Zulu drama ''Hlala Kwabafileyo'' a 1993. Ya kuma yi fim din Zulu Ubambo Lwami a matsayin David. Sa'an nan a cikin 1995, ya yi aiki a cikin ''Cycle Simonon'' . A cikin 1998, ya yi shahararriyar rawar 'Zebedee Matabane' a cikin wasan opera na sabulun talabijin ''[[Isidingo|na Isidingo]]'' . Ya ci gaba da taka rawar har zuwa 2014 tare da gagarumar nasara. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Golden Horn Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a cikin Sabulun TV a cikin 2006 saboda rawar da ya taka a ''Isidingo'' . Duk da haka ya bar jerin a farkon 2014 bayan takaddamar ladabtarwa tare da wasan kwaikwayon. A cikin 2007 da 2010 an zabe shi sau biyu don lambar yabo ta SAFTA Golden Horn Award don Mafi kyawun Jarumi a cikin Sabulun TV. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-27 |title=Mlangeni Nawa Biography |url=https://savannanews.com/mlangeni-nawa-biography-age-career-wife-the-river-net-worth/ |access-date=2020-11-27 |website=Savanna News |archive-date=2020-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205204108/https://savannanews.com/mlangeni-nawa-biography-age-career-wife-the-river-net-worth/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2018, ya yi rawar jagoranci 'Moseki', dan gidan sarauta kuma kanin sarauniya, a cikin mashahurin Mzansi Magic telenovela The Throne . A cikin wannan shekarar, ya sami lambar yabo ta Rayuwa a 2018 Royalty Soapie Awards saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga masana'antar talabijin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-27 |title=Don Mlangeni Nawa to receive a Lifetime Achievement award |url=https://www.bona.co.za/don-mlangeni-nawa-to-receive-a-lifetime-achievement-award/ |access-date=2020-11-27 |website=bona }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kuma taka rawar gani mai suna nLaqhasha' a cikin yanayi biyar a cikin jerin talabijin ''Sgudi 'Snaysi'' . A cikin 2019, ya fara fitowa a fim a cikin fim ɗin ''Losing Lerato'' inda ya taka rawar 'SWA Commander'. A cikin 2020, ya shiga cikin simintin gyare-gyare na Serial ''Legacy'' . Daga baya a cikin 2020, ya tabbatar da cewa serial ''Uzalo'' zai zama fim ɗinsa na ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-27 |title=Curtain call time for Don Mlangeni Nawa |url=https://zalebs.com/drama/don-mlangeni-nawa/its-curtain-call-time-dan-mlangeni |access-date=2020-11-27 |website=zalebs |archive-date=2020-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206182358/https://zalebs.com/drama/don-mlangeni-nawa/its-curtain-call-time-dan-mlangeni |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |1986–1992 |''<nowiki/>'Sgudi 'Snaysi'' |Laqhasha |TV series | |- |1989 |''Ubambo Lwami'' |David |TV miniseries | |- |1992 |''Hlala Kwabafileyo'' |Zakhe |TV series | |- |1995 |''Cycle Simenon'' |Barman Hôtel |TV series | |- |1998–2014 |''[[Isidingo]]'' |Zebedee Matabane |TV series | |- |2005–2006 |''Stokvel'' |Laquashe |TV series | |- |2013–2014 |''Zaziwa'' |Himself |Talk show | |- |2015 |''Rockville'' |Diliza |TV series | |- |2015–2017 |''Uzalo'' |Dhlomo |TV series | |- |2018–2021 |''The River'' |Thato Mokoena |TV series | |- |2018–2021 |''Abomama'' |Mfundisi |TV series | |- |2018–2019 |''The Throne'' |Prince Moseki Kwena |TV series | |- |2019 |''The Republic'' |Bhambatha |TV series | |- |2019 |''Losing Lerato'' |SWAT Commander |Film | |- |2020–2021 |''Legacy'' |John |TV series | |- |2021–2023 |''The Estate'' |Shadrack Mokobane |TV series | |- |2022 |''Good Men'' |Judge Ngubane |TV series | |- |2022 |''Makoti'' |Zandisile |TV series | |- |2022 |''uMbali'' |Cyril Qongqo |TV series | |- |2023 |''Shaka iLembe'' |King Langa |TV series | |- |2024 |''Soon Comes Night'' |Mandla Shabane |Netflix Series | |} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f0rdwxzvn58phgxauhzt7ughq0olhyw 0 74510 905282 544153 2026-08-20T20:47:33Z M Bash Ne 12403 905282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Maryam Touzani,''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 17 Satumba 1980). ƴar wasan fim ce kuma mai shirya fim [[Ɗan wasa|’]] yar ƙasar Morocco.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/maryam-touzani| title=Maryam Touzani| publisher=IFFR| access-date=3 November 2020| archive-date=13 December 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213073411/https://iffr.com/en/persons/maryam-touzani| url-status=dead}}</ref> An fi saninta da daraktar fim ɗin ''[[Adam (Fim din Moroko 2019)|Adam]] (2019)'',<ref name="huffpostmaghreb">{{cite web |title=They make Mediterranean cinema: Maryam Touzani, from journalism to cinema |url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/10/22/ils-font-le-cinema-mediterraneen-maryam-touzani-du-journalisme-au-cinema_n_18351198.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317102056/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/10/22/ils-font-le-cinema-mediterraneen-maryam-touzani-du-journalisme-au-cinema_n_18351198.html |archive-date=2018-03-17 |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=huffpostmaghreb}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Filmmaker Maryam Touzani Talks About Her Debut, 'Adam' |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/filmmaker-maryam-touzani-talks-about-her-cannes-debut-adam-1203222994/ |access-date=3 November 2020 |publisher=variety}}</ref> Shigar da ƙasar Maroko don lambar yabo ta 92nd Academy Awards for Best International Feature Film, da ''The Blue Caftan'' (2022), ƙaddamar da ƙasar don iri ɗaya. lambar yabo don lambar yabo ta 95th Academy Awards. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Touzani a shekara ta 1980 a [[Tanja|Tangier]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maryam Touzani|url=https://prixagnes.be/role-member/maryam-touzani/|access-date=2021-11-15|website=Prix Agnès|language=fr-FR}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin sadarwa da aikin jarida a Landan. Ta fara aikin Jarida tare da mai da hankali kan fina-finai.<ref name= plurielle>{{cite web| url=https://www.plurielle.ma/lifestyle/arts-culture/le-film-choc-sur-aya-petite-bonne-marocaine/| title=The shocking film about Aya, a little Moroccan maid| date=22 January 2017| publisher=plurielle| access-date=3 November 2020| archive-date=9 December 2021| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209133035/https://www.plurielle.ma/lifestyle/arts-culture/le-film-choc-sur-aya-petite-bonne-marocaine/| url-status=dead}}</ref> == Fina-finan da ta fi so == A cikin shekarar 2022, Touzani ta shiga cikin zaɓen fim ɗin ''Sight &amp;amp; Sound'' na waccan shekarar. Ana gudanar da shi duk bayan shekaru goma don zabar fina-finai mafi girma a kowane lokaci, ta hanyar neman masu gudanarwa na wannan zamani su zaɓi fina-finai goma da suke so.<ref>https://www.bfi.org.uk/sight-and-sound/greatest-films-all-time/all-voters/maryam-touzani</ref> Zaɓuɓɓukan Touzani sun kasance: * ''[[Tokyo Story]] '' (1953) * ''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'' (1948) * ''[[A Special Day|Una giornata particolare]]'' (1977) * ''[[Ali Zaoua]]'' (2000) * ''[[Persona (1966 film)|Persona]]'' (1966) * ''[[The Kid (1921 film)|The Kid]] '' (1921) * ''[[In the Mood for Love]]'' (2000) * ''[[The Rules of the Game|La Règle du jeu]]'' (1939) * ''[[Mirror (film)|Mirror]]'' (1975) * ''[[Modern Times (film)|Modern Times]]'' (1936) Touzani ta auri ɗan Morocco [[Nabil Ayouch]] mai shirya fim.<ref name= huffpostmaghreb /> ==Fina-finai== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Genre !! Ref. |- | 2012 || ''Quand ils dorment'' || Director, writer || Short film || |- | 2014 || ''Sous ma peau vieille'' || Director || Documentary || |- | 2015 || ''Aya va à la plage'' || Director || Short film || |- | 2017 || ''[[Razzia (2017 film)|Razzia]]'' || Screenwriter, actress || Film || |- | 2019 || ''[[Adam (2019 Moroccan film)|Adam]]'' || Director, screenwriter || Film || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.euronews.com/2020/02/05/maryam-touzani-s-adam-looks-at-the-lives-of-two-isolated-moroccan-women-in-a-patriarchal-s| title=Maryam Touzani's 'Adam' looks at the lives of two isolated Moroccan women in a patriarchal society| date=5 February 2020| publisher=euronews | access-date=3 November 2020}}</ref> |- | 2022 || ''[[Casablanca Beats]]'' (''Haut et fort'') || Screenwriter || Film || |- | 2022 || ''[[The Blue Caftan]]'' (''Le bleu du caftan'') || Director, screenwriter || Film || |} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Hadi na waje== * {{IMDb name|nm5685112}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Touzani, Maryam}} [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] kkya5adce6bb9ieniul5ga5vcpr5yjv 0 76084 905339 742356 2026-08-20T23:33:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Un couple idole des lions indomptables du Cameroun au stade Olembe Yaoundé 01.jpg|thumb|kofin nahiyar africa]] An gudanar da '''[[Gasar Cin Kofin Nahiyar Afirka a Wasan Athletics|gasar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Afirka]] karo na 22''' a birnin Saint Pierre na [[Moris|kasar Mauritius]] daga ranar 8 zuwa 12 ga watan Yunin 2022, a [[Cote d'Or National Sports Complex|rukunin wasannin motsa jiki na kasar Cote d'Or]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Omogbeja |first=Yomi |date=April 2, 2022 |title=What To Know About The 22nd CAA African Championships Maurice 2022 |url=https://www.athletics.africa/news-features/special-reports/what-to-know-about-the-22nd-caa-african-championships-maurice-2022-15888 |access-date=7 June 2022 |website=www.athletics.africa}}</ref> Wannan shi ne karo na uku da ake gudanar da wannan biki a kasar Mauritius bayan 1992 da 2006 da 500 'yan wasan guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle na kasashen Afirka 40 daga cikin kasashe 54 da suka halarci gasar cin kofin nahiyar Afirka karo na 22. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COCAAS22 – MAA – Mauritius Athletics Association |url=https://www.maa.mu/cocaas22/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204151041/https://www.maa.mu/cocaas22/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-11 |title=Triumph and Heartache at African Athletics Champs 2022 |url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00082441.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240324105824/https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00082441.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun da farko an shirya gudanar da taron ne a cikin 2020 a [[Oran]], Algeria, amma dole ne a soke shi saboda cutar ta COVID-19 . == Takaitacciyar lambar yabo == === Maza === === Mata === === Gauraye === {| {{MedalistTable}} |-valign="top" |{{EventLink|4 × 400 metres relay|Mixed}} | {{BOT}}<br> [[Busang Collen Kebinatshipi]] <br> {{Interlanguage link|Motlatsi Ranthe|de}} <br> {{Interlanguage link|Keitumetse Maitseo|de}} <br> [[Christine Botlogetswe ]] || 3:21.85 | {{NGA}}<br /> [[Ifeanyi Emmanuel Ojeli|Emmanuel Ojeli]] <br /> {{Interlanguage link|Ella Onojuvwevwo|de||es}} <br /> {{Interlanguage link|Ayo Adeola|de}} <br /> [[Patience Okon George]] <br /> || 3:22.38 | {{KEN}}<br /> {{Interlanguage link|Collins Omae Gichana|de}} <br /> [[William Rayian]] <br /> [[Veronica Kamumbe Mutua|Veronica Mutua]] <br /> [[Jarinter Mwasya]] <br /> || 3:22.75 |} == Teburin lambar yabo ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6bgzng2hqjjpb02bw373xjbvawxwp8b 0 79486 905286 713553 2026-08-20T21:12:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Florent Hati (37036668823).jpg|thumb|Florent Hoti]] '''Florent Hoti''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba na shekarar ta 2000) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya na wasan kwallon kafa ta Halifax Town da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Kosovo . Ya taba buga wa kungiyar Rochdale, Dundee United da Arbroath wasa a shekarn baya, kuma yana da aro a Forfar Athletic . An haife shi a Ingila, matashi ne na kasa da kasa na Kosovo. == Ayyukan kulob == ya kasance dan cikin ɓangare na makarantar Rochdale tun yana dan shekaru 10, Hoti ya sanya hannu a kulob din a kan tallafin karatu na shekaru biyu a shekarar 2017. Ya fara bugawa Rochdale wasa a ranar 4 ga Satumba 2018, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 79 a nasarar da ya samu a gida 2-1 a kan Bury a gasar cin kofin EFL. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2018, ya fara ne a wasan Rochdale na 2-2 a gida ga Leicester City Under-23s a gasar cin kofin EFL . An ba Hoti kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko tare da kulob din a ƙarshen kakar 2018-19. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, Hoti ya sanya hannu a kungiyar [[Arbroath FC|Arbroath]] ta Scottish Championship a kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=Florent Hoti |url=https://www.arbroathfc.co.uk/florent-hoti/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |publisher=Arbroath FC}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga watan Janairun 2023, Arbroath ya tabbatar da cewa Florent ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Florent Hoti |url=https://www.arbroathfc.co.uk/florent-hoti-departs/ |access-date=26 January 2023 |publisher=Arbroath FC}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, Hoti ya shiga kungiyar Tranmere Rovers ta EFL League Two a kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci bayan nasarar gwaji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2023 |title=Florent Hoti: Tranmere Rovers sign ex-Arbroath midfielder on short-term deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65057193 |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2023 kulob din ya sanar da cewa ana sake shi. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Florent Hoti October 2017.jpg|thumb|Florent Hoti]] An zaɓi dan was Hoti domin ya shiga sansanin horar da 'yan kasa da shekaru 21 na ƙasar Albania da wasannin motsa jiki a watan Maris na 2021, amma bai iya shiga tawagar ba saboda ƙuntatawar tafiye-tafiye da suka shafi COVID.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 March 2021 |title=International joy and COVID-19 despair for midfielder |url=https://www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk/news/6796/INTERNATIONAL-JOY-AND-COVID-19-DESPAIR-FOR-MIDFIELDER.html |access-date=24 March 2021 |publisher=Dundee United F.C.}}</ref> Watanni biyu bayan haka, ya sami kira daga kungiyar yan kasa da shekara 21 ta kovoso don wasan cancantar gasar zakarun Turai ta kasa da shekaru-21 ta 2023 da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa da shekaru 21 ta Andorra|Andorra U21]], kuma ya fara bugawa bayan an ambaci sunansa a cikin sahun farawa. <ref>{{cite news |date=10 May 2021 |title=Flo Hoti receives Kosovo under-21 call-up |url=https://www.dundeeunitedfc.co.uk/news/6837/FLO-HOTI-RECEIVES-KOSOVO-UNDER-21-CALL-UP.html |access-date=11 May 2021 |publisher=Dundee United F.C.}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Hoti a [[Manchester]], Ingila, ga iyayen [[Mutanen Kosovo Albaniya|Kosovo-Albanian]] daga [[Hoti (ƙabilar)|Ƙabilar Hoti]] . Wannan ya sa ya cancanci wakiltar dukkan kasashe uku na [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Ingila]], [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta ƙasar Albania|Albania]] da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta Kosovo|Kosovo]] a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Woodger |first=Calum |date=13 April 2021 |title=Florent Hoti: The cross-border kid aiming to hit the big time with Dundee United after making long-awaited debut |url=https://www.thecourier.co.uk/fp/sport/football/dundee-united/2126395/florent-hoti-dundee-united-hamilton-kosovo-albania/ |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=The Courier |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Club career == Da yake ya kasance wani ɓangare na makarantar Rochdale tun yana da shekaru 10, Hoti ya sanya hannu a kulob din a kan tallafin karatu na shekaru biyu a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=Introducing 2017/18 First Year Scholars |url=https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2017/july/introducing_201718_firstyearscholars/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=www.rochdaleafc.co.uk |publisher=Rochdale A.F.C. |language=en-gb |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124174534/https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2017/july/introducing_201718_firstyearscholars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Rochdale wasa a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekara ta 2018, yazo a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 79 a nasarar da ya samu a gida 2-1 a kan Bury a gasar cin kofin EFL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2018 |title=Rochdale 2-1 Bury (Checkatrade Trophy) - Match Report |url=https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2018/september/report--checktradetrophy_bury2018/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=www.rochdaleafc.co.uk |publisher=Rochdale A.F.C. |language=en-gb |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124174533/https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2018/september/report--checktradetrophy_bury2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2018, ya fara ne a wasan Rochdale na 2-2 a gida ga Leicester City Under-23s a gasar cin kofin EFL . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2018 |title=Report {{!}} Dale 2-2 Leicester City Under-21s (3-4 Pens) |url=https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2018/november/report-leicestetcityu21s_071118/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=www.rochdaleafc.co.uk |publisher=Rochdale A.F.C. |language=en-gb |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124174533/https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2018/november/report-leicestetcityu21s_071118/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ba Hoti kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko tare da kulob din a ƙarshen [[Bury F.C.|Kabari]] 2018-19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2019 |title=Retained/Released List 2018/19 |url=https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2019/may/retained-released-list-201819/ |access-date=20 March 2020 |website=www.rochdaleafc.co.uk |publisher=Rochdale A.F.C. |language=en-gb |archive-date=24 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124174531/https://www.rochdaleafc.co.uk/news/2019/may/retained-released-list-201819/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hoti yayi gwaji a kulob din Firimiya na Scotland Dundee United a watan Agustan 2020, kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da kulob din don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a watan da ya biyo baya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2020 |title=Dundee Utd sign midfielder Hoti |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/54120458 |access-date=11 September 2020 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya shiga kungiyar Scottish League One ta Forfar Athletic a kan aro a watan Oktoba, sannan ya koma Dundee United a watan Janairu shekara ta 2021 biyo bayan dakatar da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi saboda cutar ta COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 October 2020 |title=United midfielder joins the Loons |url=https://www.forfarathletic.co.uk/item/4301-united-midfielder-joins-the-loons |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020141225/https://www.forfarathletic.co.uk/item/4301-united-midfielder-joins-the-loons |archive-date=20 October 2020 |access-date=18 October 2020 |website=forfarathletic.co.uk |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Dundee United wasa a ranar 10 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 2021 a wasan Firimiya na Scotland 1-0 zuwa Hamilton Academical, tare da kocin DundeeUnited Micky Mellon yana mai cewa "ya zo ya nuna wane saurayi ne mai girma".<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2021 |title=Brian Rice takes the positives out of a damaging defeat for Hamilton |url=https://www.bt.com/sport/news/2021/april/brian-rice-takes-the-positives-out-of-a-damaging-defeat-for-hamilton |access-date=11 April 2021 |language=en |via=BT.com}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan November shekara ta 2022, Hoti yayi signing ma Scottish Championship side Arbroath akan karamin abu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2022 |title=Florent Hoti |url=https://www.arbroathfc.co.uk/florent-hoti/ |access-date=5 December 2022 |publisher=Arbroath FC}}</ref> a ranar 25 ga watan January shekara ta 2023, Arbroath ya tabbatar florent ya bar club .<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2023 |title=Florent Hoti |url=https://www.arbroathfc.co.uk/florent-hoti-departs/ |access-date=26 January 2023 |publisher=Arbroath FC}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, Hoti ya shiga kungiyar Tranmere Rovers ta EFL League Two a kan yarjejeniyar gajeren lokaci bayan nasarar gwaji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2023 |title=Florent Hoti: Tranmere Rovers sign ex-Arbroath midfielder on short-term deal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65057193 |access-date=24 March 2023 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 2023 kulob din ya sanar da cewa ana sake shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-09 |title=Tranmere Rovers in talks with keeper Murphy, 41 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/65533188 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Rochdale |2018–19 |EFL League One |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |2 |0 |- |2019–20 |EFL League One |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !2 !0 !2 !0 |- | rowspan="3" |Dundee United |2020–21 |Scottish Premiership |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |- |2021–22 |Scottish Premiership |5 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |0 |0 |9 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !9 !0 !0 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !13 !0 |- |Forfar Athletic (loan) |2020–21 |Scottish League One |6 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |9 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !15 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !2 !0 !24 !0 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] gt4g4iws6shc1p8lym76i94lbk62rd5 0 79560 905145 802906 2026-08-20T17:16:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:EPITECH_Paris_Campus.jpg|thumb|EPITECH Paris.]] [[Fayil:ISEG_-_Epitech_Strasbourg.JPG|thumb|[Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9]]] Makarantar Nazarin Sabuntawa ta Paris (: École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies, ko '''EPITECH'''), tsohuwar '''Cibiyar Fasahar Bayanai ta Turai''', wata cibiyar ilimi ce mai zaman kanta a kimiyyar kwamfuta da Injiniyan software wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1999.<ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.dimension-ingenieur.com/epitech-ecole-de-l-expertise-informatique/1/5/0/293/ EPITECH: l’Ecole de l'Expertise Informatique]</ref><ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.ecole-ingenieur.com/ecole/epitech-paris-ecole-informatique-les-nouvelles-technologies-1703/ EPITECH Paris — Ecole pour l’informatique et les nouvelles technologies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002173321/http://www.ecole-ingenieur.com/ecole/epitech-paris-ecole-informatique-les-nouvelles-technologies-1703/ |date=2020-10-02 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Epitech |url=https://www.epitech.eu/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Epitech |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Hedikwatar a Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, kudancin [[Faris|Paris]], makarantar tana da ɗakunan karatu a [[Bordeaux]], Rennes, [[Marseille]], [[Lille]], [[Lyon]], [[Montpellier]], [[Nancy]], [[Nantes]], Nice, [[Strasbourg]], [[Toulouse]] da Saint-André, Réunion . <ref name="journaldunet.com">{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.journaldunet.com/solutions/emploi-rh/grandes-ecoles-informatiques-francaises/epitech.shtml Epitech: des stages en entreprise de 3 jours par semaine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174245/https://www.journaldunet.com/solutions/emploi-rh/grandes-ecoles-informatiques-francaises/epitech.shtml |date=2018-08-30 }}</ref> Har ila yau, makarantar tana da wurare a [[Barcelona]] ([[Ispaniya|Spain]]), [[Tirana]] ([[Albaniya|Albania]]), <ref>(in Spanish)[http://www.epitech.eu/es EPITECH : escuela superior de informática]</ref> [[Berlin]] ([[Jamus]]), <ref>{{Cite web |title=EPITECH |url=http://www.academyplus.eu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118042058/http://www.academyplus.eu/ |archive-date=2016-11-18 |access-date=2016-11-17}}</ref> da Brussels ([[Beljik|Belgium]]). [3]<ref>[https://www.epitech.eu/de/ (in German)]</ref><ref>[https://www.epitech.eu/be-fr/ (in French)]</ref> Makarantar tana da ƙayyadadden koyarwa tare da shari'o'i masu amfani maimakon ka'idoji.<ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.lemonde.fr/orientation-scolaire/article/2011/05/13/informatique-et-internet-nouveaux-profils-recherches_1520513_1473696.html Informatique et Internet: nouveaux profils recherchés]</ref> Epitech kuma tana da sashin zartarwa, Epitech Executive, tare da Executive MBA a cikin IT da kuma Kasuwanci course da nufin manajojin zartarwa a kimiyyar kwamfuta, <ref>{{In lang|fr}}[http://www.developpez.com/actu/55843/Executive-MBA-d-Epitech-ouverture-des-inscriptions-pour-tous-les-professionnels-prochaine-reunion-d-information-sur-ce-nouveau-MBA-le-6-juin/ Executive MBA EPITECH]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epitech Executive |url=https://executive.epitech.eu/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Epitech Executive |language=fr-FR}}</ref> kuma yana raba hanyar sadarwar ta tun daga 2020 tare da Epitech Digital School, makarantar kasuwanci ta 50%-tech. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Epitech Digital : l’école digitale 50% tech, 50 % business |url=https://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/ecole-ingenieur/epitech-digital-l-ecole-digitale-50-tech-50-business.html |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=L'Etudiant |language=fr}}</ref> Cibiyar tana daga cikin IONIS Education Group. == Tarihi == An kirkiro Epitech a cikin 1999, ta amfani da sha'awar École Pour l'Informatique et les Techniques Avancées EPITA don horar da dalibai tare da takamaiman sha'awa ga al'amuran da suka shafi kimiyyar kwamfuta kawai. A cikin 2007, Epitech ta buɗe sabbin makarantun a [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Dalian, [[Bordeaux]], [[Lille]], [[Lyon]], [[Nantes]], [[Strasbourg]] da [[Toulouse]].Tun daga watan Janairun shekara ta 2008, Hukumar ƙwarewar ƙwararru ta ƙwarewar ta amince da digiri da aka bayar, <ref name="arrete">{{Cite web |date=24 January 2008 |title=Arrêté du 16 janvier 2008 portant enregistrement au répertoire national des certifications professionnelles |url=http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=FADF1CA86320AE687B52F19AB774F9F8.tpdjo13v_3?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000017981284&categorieLien=id |access-date=10 October 2013 |publisher=[Legifrance.gouv.fr] |language=fr}}</ref> a matsayin matakin 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le Répertoire National des Certifications Professionnelles (RNCP) - Résumé descriptif de la certification |url=http://www.rncp.cncp.gouv.fr/grand-public/visualisationFiche?format=fr&fiche=5588 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000602/http://www.rncp.cncp.gouv.fr/grand-public/visualisationFiche?format=fr&fiche=5588 |archive-date=2013-10-05 |access-date=2013-06-12}}</ref>A shekara ta 2008, an bude makarantun Nice, [[Montpellier]], [[Nancy]], [[Marseille]] da Rennes. Tun daga ranar 11 ga watan Janairun 2024, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Faransa ta amince da digiri na shirin Grande Ecole.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lanique |first=Julie |title=L'Epitech obtient le visa du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur pour son programme grande école |url=https://www.aefinfo.fr/depeche/705658-lepitech-obtient-le-visa-du-ministere-de-l-enseignement-superieur-pour-son-programme-grande-ecole |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=Le aefinfo |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Autorisation à délivrer un diplôme d’expert en technologies de l’information visé par le ministre chargé de l’enseignement supérieur |url=https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/fr/bo/2024/Hebdo2/ESRS2334763A |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=[[Bulletin officiel (France)|Bulletin Officiel]] |language=fr |archive-date=2024-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240111234751/https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/fr/bo/2024/Hebdo2/ESRS2334763A |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Sabbin makarantun kasashen waje === A farkon 2013, Epitech ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta buɗe harabar a [[Beijing]], [[Sin|China]] a watan Satumbar 2013 da kuma ƙarin rassan duniya a [[California]], Ingila da [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a watan Satumba na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2013 |title=Le groupe d'enseignement privé Ionis s'ancre à l'international |url=http://www.lemondeinformatique.fr/actualites/lire-le-groupe-d-enseignement-prive-ionis-s-ancre-a-l-international-52506.html |access-date=20 January 2016}}</ref>[needs update] A cikin 2021, makarantar ta buɗe makarantun a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], [[Berlin]], [[Barcelona]], Brussels da Geneva kuma ta sanya su wani ɓangare na shirin kasa da kasa na shekaru 5, inda ɗalibai za su ƙaura daga ƙasarsu don yin karatu a makarantun daban-daban a [[Turai]] da duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmanuel C. on LinkedIn: International Track - Epitech France |url=https://fr.linkedin.com/posts/ecarli_international-track-epitech-france-activity-6808339601720172544-OSb0 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=fr.linkedin.com |language=en}}</ref> == Haɗin gwiwa == Epitech ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyar ''Zup na Co'' don ƙirƙirar Web@cademie, horo na shekaru 2 gaba ɗaya kyauta ga ɗalibai ba tare da Baccalaureate na Faransa ba kuma tare da motsawa mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar kwamfuta. Wannan darasi yana da burin samun aikin Mai haɓaka software ga matasa waɗanda suka dakatar da karatunsu na yau da kullun.<ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.lemouv.fr/diffusion-une-ecole-unique-en-france-la-web-academie Une école unique en France: la "web académie"]</ref> Malaman Epitech ne ke horar da su a Le Kremlin-Bicêtre da kuma [[Lyon]]. <ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.liberation.fr/societe/0101645556-l-ecole-qui-reconnecte-les-decrocheurs L'école qui reconnecte les décrocheurs]</ref> A cikin 2022, Epitech da ESME-Sudria sun gudanar da zaman Makarantar bazara a cikin robotics, da nufin daliban kasa da kasa da ke sha'awar karatu a [[Faris|Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-04-08 |title=Epitech and ESME Summer Program in Robotics |url=https://www.its.ac.id/international/2022/04/08/epitech-and-esme-summer-program-in-robotics/ |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=ITS Global Engagement |language=en}}</ref> Makarantar tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin ilimi sama da 100 a duk duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Comment intégrer l'école Epitech en tant qu'étudiant étranger ? |url=https://international.epitech.eu/international-partners/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Epitech International |language=en-US}}</ref> tare da haɗin gwiwa da jami'o'i kamar Jami'ar Hague ta Kimiyya, Jami'ar Jönköping da Jami'ar Kent. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erasmus+ |url=https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/projects/search/details/2014-1-FR01-KA103-001452 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu}}</ref> Epitech kuma tana da shirin karatun digiri na hadin gwiwa a cikin Artificial Intelligence da Intanet na Abubuwa tare da [[Algebra University College|Kwalejin Jami'ar Algebra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=IOT AND AI PROGRAM |url=https://international.epitech.eu/algebra-iot-ai-program/ |access-date=2024-01-13 |website=Epitech International |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223062832/https://international.epitech.eu/algebra-iot-ai-program/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=EQAR Report: Graduate Study Programme in Computer Science – Internet of Things and Artifical Intelligence, second cycle |url=https://www.eqar.eu/qa-results/search/by-report/report/?id=78053 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=EQAR |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * Solomon Hykes (2006), Shugaba na Docker, Inc.; <ref>{{In lang|fr}}[http://www.journaldunet.com/solutions/cloud-computing/1148473-solomon-hykes-docker-ce-francais-qui-pourrait-revolutionner-l-informatique-mondiale/ Solomon Hykes (Docker) : ce Français qui pourrait révolutionner l'informatique mondiale]</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} {{In lang|en|fr}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b5tt20tubglj473slhl01sryderuwdu 0 80425 905284 458624 2026-08-20T20:48:31Z M Bash Ne 12403 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 905284 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Yasmin Zahran''' (Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1933) yar plastinian marubuciya kuma masaniyar kimiyya Gine wacce aka sani da litattafanta sun hada da A Beggar at Damascus Gate . == Kuruchiya da ilimi == An haifi Zahran a Ramallah a shekara ta 1933. <ref name="litp">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2020 |title=Yasmin Zahran |url=https://litmuspress.org/contributor/yasmin-zahran/ |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Litmus Press}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar London . <ref name="salh">{{Cite journal |last=Salah Hussein A. Al Houdalieh |year=2009 |title=Archaeology Programs at the Palestinian Universities: Reality and Challenges |journal=Archaeologies |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=161–183 |doi=10.1007/s11759-009-9097-9 |s2cid=153948008}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology daga Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris . == Aiki da ayyukansa == Wadanda ta kammala karatunta Zahran ta yi aiki a UNESCO. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology a Urushalima . <ref name="sse7" /> Ita ce kwarance wa ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Musulunci da ke Urushalima wanda ta tsaya aka kafa a cikin shekarar 1992. <ref name="salh"/> Nazarin Zahran yana mai da hankali kan manyan mutane na tarihi a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] kamar Zenobia wanda ta bayyana a matsayin sarauniya mai kabilanci da yawa. Zahran mazaunin biyu ce Paris ne da Ramallah . <ref name="litp"/> === Littattafai === Zahran ta buga littafinta na farko, The First Melody, a cikin 1991 wanda aka buga a Larabci. Littafinta na biyu, A Beggar at Damascus Gate, wanda aka rubuta a Turanci an buga shi a 1993 kuma ta ba da labarin gwagwarmayar Palasdinawa don neman wurin da za su iya kira gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marilyn Booth |author-link=Marilyn Booth |date=Winter 1997 |title=Book review. A Beggar at Damascus Gate |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19450618/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=cab957f5 |journal=World Literature Today |volume=71 |issue=1}}</ref> Wannan labari ya fi nuna kwarewar Zahran. Sauran littattafanta sun haɗa da Philip the Arab: A Study in Prejudice, Zenobia Between Reality and Legend, Ghassan Resurrection da Septimius Severus: Countdown to Death . Ta rubuta wani littafi game da cats mai taken The Golden Tail a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Golden Tail |url=https://www.gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk/the-golden-tail.html |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106151554/https://www.gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk/the-golden-tail.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8iav65v56a75usb7t9ygmeql6qnlpxj 905285 905284 2026-08-20T20:48:51Z M Bash Ne 12403 905285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Yasmin Zahran''' (Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1933) yar plastinian marubuciya kuma masaniyar kimiyya Gine wacce aka sani da litattafanta sun hada da A Beggar at Damascus Gate . == Kuruchiya da ilimi == An haifi Zahran a Ramallah a shekara ta 1933. <ref name="litp">{{Cite web |date=22 September 2020 |title=Yasmin Zahran |url=https://litmuspress.org/contributor/yasmin-zahran/ |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=Litmus Press}}</ref> Ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Columbia da Jami'ar London . <ref name="salh">{{Cite journal |last=Salah Hussein A. Al Houdalieh |year=2009 |title=Archaeology Programs at the Palestinian Universities: Reality and Challenges |journal=Archaeologies |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=161–183 |doi=10.1007/s11759-009-9097-9 |s2cid=153948008}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin kimiyyar archaeology daga Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris . == Aiki da ayyukansa == Wadanda ta kammala karatunta Zahran ta yi aiki a UNESCO. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology a Urushalima . <ref name="sse7" /> Ita ce kwarance wa ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Musulunci da ke Urushalima wanda ta tsaya aka kafa a cikin shekarar 1992. <ref name="salh"/> Nazarin Zahran yana mai da hankali kan manyan mutane na tarihi a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] kamar Zenobia wanda ta bayyana a matsayin sarauniya mai kabilanci da yawa. Zahran mazaunin biyu ce Paris ne da Ramallah . <ref name="litp"/> === Littattafai === Zahran ta buga littafinta na farko, The First Melody, a cikin 1991 wanda aka buga a Larabci. Littafinta na biyu, A Beggar at Damascus Gate, wanda aka rubuta a Turanci an buga shi a 1993 kuma ta ba da labarin gwagwarmayar Palasdinawa don neman wurin da za su iya kira gida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marilyn Booth |author-link=Marilyn Booth |date=Winter 1997 |title=Book review. A Beggar at Damascus Gate |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A19450618/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=cab957f5 |journal=World Literature Today |volume=71 |issue=1}}</ref> Wannan labari ya fi nuna kwarewar Zahran. Sauran littattafanta sun haɗa da Philip the Arab: A Study in Prejudice, Zenobia Between Reality and Legend, Ghassan Resurrection da Septimius Severus: Countdown to Death . Ta rubuta wani littafi game da cats mai taken The Golden Tail a cikin 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Golden Tail |url=https://www.gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk/the-golden-tail.html |access-date=16 September 2023 |website=gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106151554/https://www.gilgamesh-publishing.co.uk/the-golden-tail.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 608bvkci1943460yxjs4at3uqjwo9d4 0 80526 905119 578510 2026-08-20T16:29:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Emad Hajjaj Personal.jpeg|thumb|Emad Hajjaj]] '''Emad Hajjaj''' (Arabic) ɗan palasdinawa ne me wasan kwaikwayo ne na -Jordaniya. An S shi sa da aikinsa a cikin ''Al Ra'i'' da jaridu na yau da kullun na Jordan Times . == Rayuwa kuruchiya == An haife Emad a Yammacin Kogin Jordan a shekarar 1967. <ref>"Emad Hajjaj," [Biographical Notes], ''Cartooning for Peace,'' [http://www.cartooningforpeace.org/en/dessinateurs/emad-hajjaj/ Online:]; Bendazz, G., ''Animation: A World History,''' Vol. III, CRC Press, 2015, [E-text edition], n.p.</ref> Ya sami ilimin a fanin Zane Zane da dake Jami'ar Yarmouk inda ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin zane-zane a shekarar 1991 bayan ya yi rinjaye karatu a fannin Mai Hoto da Zane Zane tare da ƙarami acikin aikin jarida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cartooning for Peace |url=http://www.cartooningforpeace.org/ |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=www.cartooningforpeace.org |language=fr}}</ref> == Aika == Emad ɗan'uwan Osama Hajjaj ne wanda kuma shi ma mai zane-zane ne kuma mai siyasa.<ref>Maktabi, R., "Brothers' political cartoons break taboos," ''CNN: Middle East News,'' 5 April 2011 [http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html Online:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117055959/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/04/05/jordan.cartoonists/index.html |date=2023-11-17 }}</ref> 'Yan uwan sa a zahiri suna sane da kalubalen da ke tattare da buga zane-zane na siyasa a cikin jayayya stage ta tsakiyar Gabas. gabadaya ya kasance Wanda aka azabtar da su kuma sun sami barazanar mutuwa saboda aikin su na satirical, musamman ga zane-zane da aka tsara a ISIS.<ref>Gruber, C., "Fighting ISIS With A Pen," 26 June, ''Newsweek,'' 26 June 2015, [http://www.newsweek.com/fighting-isis-pen-347335 Online:]</ref> A lokacin wasannin Pan Arab da aka gudanar a Amman, Emad ya buga wani zane-zane wanda ya nuna abin takaici cewa al'umma na iya alfahari lokacin da ta ba da izinin kisan kai don ci gaba. A shekara ta 2008, an gudanar da nune-nunen aikinsa, wanda ke dauke da zane-zane 100 a zauren gari na [[Amman|Ra's al-'Ayn]], kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga nune-nunen Haske wanda Majalisar Burtaniya ta dauki nauyinsa. == Kamawa == A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 2020, an kama Emad a Jordan a karkashin dokar aikata laifuka ta yanar gizo bayan ya wallafa wani caricature da ke sukar Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Isra'ila da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanian cartoonist arrested for publishing cartoon insulting Arab country |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/22029/2020-08-27 |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=en.royanews.tv |language=en |archive-date=2020-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828004158/https://en.royanews.tv/news/22029/2020-08-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hoton ya nuna shugaban siyasa na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, yarima na Abu Dhabi, yana riƙe da fararen kurciya na zaman lafiya wanda aka fentin tutar Isra'ila. Yarima na kambin ya yi fushi da kurciya saboda tofa a fuskarsa. Rubutun da ke saman ya ce: "Isra'ila ta nemi Amurka kada ta sayar da jiragen yaki na F-35 ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa". A kan tofa an karanta haruffa "Spit 35". Cibiyoyin kare hakkin 'yan jarida na cikin gida sun yi kira ga sakin Emad nan take.<ref>{{Cite web |title=حماية الصحفيين يدعو للإفراج الفوري عن رسام الكاريكاتير عماد حجاج |url=http://www.jo24.net/post.php?id=373764 |access-date=2020-08-27 |website=جو 24 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An saki Emad bayan kwana huɗu, bayan da [[Jordanian Journalists Syndicate|Kungiyar 'yan jarida ta Jordan]] ta yi masa beli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=The New Arab |title=Jordan releases cartoonist Emad Hajjaj after days of arrest for 'offending' the UAE |url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2020/8/30/jordan-releases-cartoonist-emad-hajjaj |access-date=2020-10-13 |website=alaraby |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009111548/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2020/8/30/jordan-releases-cartoonist-emad-hajjaj |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abu Mahjoob Halin == [[File:Emad_Hajjaj_logo.png|right|thumb]] Hajjaj ya kirkiro halin zane-zane Abu Mahjoob (Arabic) a cikin 1993, kuma ya sami karbuwa a Jordan tun daga lokacin. Abu Mahjoob yana wakiltar mutumin Jordan na yau da kullun kuma yana nuna damuwarsa ta yau da kullun ta siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'adu.<ref name="JB">{{Cite journal |last=Tarawneh |first=Naseem |date=May 2010 |title=Hala 3ammi: The Abu Mahjoob Legacy |url=http://www.jordan-business.net/images/stories/2010May/Mahjoob.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Jordan Business |pages=55–57 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027231816/http://www.jordan-business.net/images/stories/2010May/Mahjoob.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-27 |access-date=2013-02-14}}</ref> Yana sanye da sutura mai laushi da sutura tare da jan keffiyeh da agal, kuma yana da [[Gashin baki|gemu]] mai laushi. Emad Hajjaj ya fara zana Abu Mahjoob a 1993 a matsayin halin da ya rataye hotunan 'yan takara a Zaben majalisar dokokin Jordan a wannan shekarar. Hajjaj ya dogara da halin a kan mahaifinsa dangane da basira da ba'a.<ref name="heya">{{Cite journal |date=July 2008 |title=مبدع شخصيّة "أبو محجوب" عماد حجاج -رسالته حياة النّاس وهمومهم |url=http://www.anty.jo/index.php?view=article&id=51%3A-q-q-&option=com_content&Itemid=58 |url-status=dead |language=Arabic |publisher=Heya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206053655/http://www.anty.jo/index.php?view=article&id=51%3A-q-q-&option=com_content&Itemid=58 |archive-date=2014-12-06}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Fasahar Palasdinawa * Omaya Joha == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * Eisenberg, Laura Zittrain, Neil Caplan Tattaunawa da zaman lafiya tsakanin Larabawa da Isra'ila: alamu, matsaloli, yiwuwar Indiana University Press Yana da hotuna biyar da Hajjaj ya bayar.  * B'nai B'rith, Anti-Semitic, Anti-Isra'ila Cartoons by Jordan-Based Palasdinawa Cartoonist. An samo shi a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2012. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] kcrapd51lc8hxv6oiq8mv8r3mcybav5 0 81087 905383 893320 2026-08-21T04:59:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Childhood Joy.jpg|thumb|Shige da ficen yara]] [[Fayil:Children at the Sunset.jpg|thumb|wasanin yara]] Shige da fice na yara, ko "yara a cikin ƙaura ko motsi" (wani lokacin "yara a kan motsi" ) [[motsi]] ne na mutane masu shekaru 3-18 a cikin ko a fadin iyakokin siyasa, tare da ko ba tare da iyayensu ba mai kula da doka ba, zuwa wata ƙasa ko yanki.<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-60306853.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17535488761995&csi=1&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-60306853</ref> Suna iya tafiya tare da ko ba tare da Takardun tafiye-tafiye na doka ba. Za su iya isa ƙasar da aka nufa a matsayin [[Ƴan gudun hijira|'yan gudun hijira]], [[Mai Neman Mafaka|Masu neman mafaka]], ko baƙi na tattalin arziki. == Dalilan ƙaura == Dalilin da yara ke yi ƙaura ya bambanta kamar mutanen da ke ƙaura. Sun hada da dalilai na tattalin arziƙi, burin ilimi, dalilan da suka shafi jinsi ko al'ada, dalilai na mutum da kuma gaggawa, bala'o'i na halitta, tsanantawa da rikice-rikicen jin kai. Wasu yara suna barin neman mafi kyawun dama yayin da wasu ke tserewa daga tashin hankali, cin zarafi, cin zarafin ko rikici. Dalilai da yawa sau da yawa sun dace. Lokacin da iyaye suka yi ƙaura ko suka rabu, yara na iya ƙaura zuwa wani wuri ko ƙasa tare da ɗaya ko duka iyaye, ko kuma iyayensu na iya barin su a baya kuma ƙaura ta kai tsaye ta shafa su. == Hakkin yara a cikin ƙaura da motsi == === Hakkin jin daɗi === Hakkin jin shi ka'idar haƙƙin yara ce kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kan 'Yancin Yara ta bayyana. Dangane da Mataki na 12 na yarjejeniyar, yara suna da damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a duk batutuwan da suka shafi su, kuma dole ne a ba da ra'ayoyin su daidai da shekarun da balaga na yaro. Wannan haƙƙin ya shafi yadda yara ke shiga cikin al'amuran zamantakewa da siyasa da kuma shari'a da gudanarwa. A matsayin ka'ida ta gaba ɗaya, haƙƙin yaro na jin yana nuna manufar 'ofishin' na yara, kallon yara ba kawai a matsayin mutane masu rauni da ke buƙatar kariya ta musamman ba, har ma a matsayin masu yanke shawara, masu haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙi da membobin al'umma masu aiki. Yara da yawa ba sa son raba bayanai tare da hukumomi a ƙasar da suke nufi saboda tsoron cewa bayyana bayanai bazai zama abin sha'awa ba kuma cewa ba da labarin su na iya haifar da dawowa zuwa ƙasarsu ta asali. Wataƙila mutane na uku sun umarci yara su bayyana wasu sassan labarinsu kawai, akwai yiwuwar barazana da tsoron ramuwar gayya, kuma yaron bazai amince da 'yan sanda ba kuma hukumomin yankin za su iya kare su. Tsarin karɓar baƙi wanda ke nuna girmamawa da kuma tabbatar da mutuncin yaro na iya cimma don inganta amincewa da yaro ga jami'ai da masu sana'a waɗanda ta sadu da su. Masu fassara na iya rinjayar tsarin tattara bayanai a cikin hanyoyin mafaka da bincike na laifi yayin da suke shafar yadda ake fahimtar labarin yaron da kuma fahimta. Fassarar da ba daidai ba na iya lalata bayanin yaron, wanda ke haifar da yanke shawara bisa ga bayanan da ba daidai bane. Wannan yana da alaƙa da ba kawai da abubuwan da aka fassara ba har ma da salon da zaɓin da yaron ya yi da kuma yadda masu fassara ke isar da saƙon.<ref>Crawley, Heaven, Working with Children and Young People Subject to Immigration Control, Guidelines for best practice, Second Edition, Immigration Law Practitioners’ Association, 2012.</ref> === Binciken da ya fi dacewa da ƙuduri === An bayyana mafi kyawun sha'awa a Mataki na 3 na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara, wanda ya ce "a duk ayyukan da suka shafi yara, ko da aka gudanar da su ta hanyar cibiyoyin jin dadin jama'a ko masu zaman kansu, kotuna, hukumomin gudanarwa ko hukumomin majalisa, mafi kyawun sha-awar yaro zai zama la'akari na farko". Binciken mafi kyawun bukatun yaro yana nufin kimantawa da daidaitawa "duk abubuwan da ake buƙata don yanke shawara a cikin takamaiman yanayi ga takamaiman yaro ko ƙungiyar yara".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on the Rights of the Child, General Comment No. 14 (2013), par. 47}}</ref> Hakkin yaro na samun ita ko mafi kyawun abubuwan da yake so a matsayin la'akari na farko yana nufin cewa abubuwan da ke cikin yaron suna da fifiko kuma ba kawai ɗaya daga cikin la'akari da yawa ba. Binciken takamaiman ne ga yaro a matsayin mutum, yana mai da mahimmanci don kafa dangantaka ta amincewa da yaro da kuma sadarwa yadda ya kamata a cikin yaren da yarinyar ko yaro ya fahimta. Binciken ya dace ya haɗa da ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Children's Fund, Safe and Sound, What States can do to ensure respect for the best interests of unaccompanied and separated children in Europe, 2014.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UNHCR Guidelines on Formal Determination of the Best Interests of the Child, 2006.}}</ref> A cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa, cikakken tsarin kimantawa da ƙuduri na mafi kyawun sha'awa yana la'akari da waɗannan: * Kafa asalin yaron da kuma asalin duk wani mutum da ke tare da shi da kuma ingancin dangantakarsu * Binciken shari'a, gami da abubuwan da suka biyo baya: ** Jin yaron ** Binciken halin da yaron yake ciki, asali da bukatun ** Yanayin zamantakewa da kimantawa na iyali ** Tattara shaidu ciki har da jarrabawar shari'a da hira da yaro ** Haɗari da ƙididdigar tsaro ** Taswirar tushen tallafi, ƙwarewa, damar da albarkatu don karfafawa * Ci gaba da aikin rayuwa * Cikakken tasirin yara na duk wani yanke shawara mai yuwuwa * Gano mafita mai dorewa * Ci gaba da kimantawa yayin aiwatar da mafita mai ɗorewa tare da bin diddigin da ya dace, bita da saka idanu, da gyare-gyare ga shirye-shiryen mafita mai tsawo, idan kuma kamar yadda ake buƙata, bisa ga mafi kyawun bukatun yaro A cikin ƙasar Ghana, akwai batun da aka mayar da hankali kan kwatankwacin ilimi tsakanin ɗaliban ƙaura da waɗanda ba ƙaura ba. An nuna cewa ɗaliban da ba 'yan gudun hijira ba sun sami ƙarin kulawa, sabili da haka, sun sami maki fiye da ɗaliban ƙaura. Ana buƙatar nuna ƙarin hankali ga baƙi kamar yadda aka nuna wa sauran ɗalibai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tamanja |first=Emmanuel |date=2015-11-30 |title=Child Migration and Academic Performance: The Case of Basic Education in Ghana |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1103112 |journal=Journal of Education and Practice |volume=7 |issue=15 |pages=109–120}}</ref> === Hakkin rashin nuna bambanci: Matsayi, samun dama da iko === Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara ta ba da kariya mai zurfi daga nuna bambanci da kuma hakkoki masu mahimmanci da ba za a iya ba da su ba ga dukkan' yan adam. Ya tsara cewa Jihohi Jam'iyyun za su mutunta kuma su tabbatar da haƙƙoƙin da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar ga kowane yaro a cikin ikonsu ba tare da nuna bambanci na kowane nau'i ba, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata ko iyayensa ko mai kula da doka ba, launi, jima'i, yare, addini, siyasa ko wani ra'ayi, ƙasa, kabilanci ko asalin zamantakewa, dukiya, nakasa, haihuwa ko wani matsayi.<ref>[[Convention on the Rights of the Child]] Article 2.1</ref> Hakkin da aka bayar a karkashin Yarjejeniyar ya shafi yara wadanda ba na kasa ba, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin shige da fice ba ko matsayin iyayen su. Wannan ya hada da yara masu ziyara, 'yan gudun hijira, 'ya'yan ma'aikatan ƙaura da yara marasa takardun shaida. Hakkin rashin nuna bambanci yana ba da damar kowane yaro don taimako da tallafi nan take yayin da ake tantance halin da yaron ke ciki da ita ko kuma abubuwan da ya fi so. Rashin nuna bambanci ba ya nuna cewa an ba wa yaro izinin zama na atomatik, amma ana yanke shawara bisa ga ƙudurin [[Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa|mafi kyawun sha'awa]], ko za a dawowa da yaro ko kuma ƙasar da aka nufa ta ɗauki iko akan yaron.<ref>European Commission, Tackling Multiple Discrimination: Practices, Policies and Laws, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, 2007.</ref><ref>European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, Handbook on European Non-discrimination Law, 2011.</ref> Yayin da suke kimanta yanayin yaron da halin da ake ciki, hukumomin jihar suna da alhakin bayyana wane jiha ke da iko a kan yaro kuma, idan an buƙata kuma ya dace, canja wuri ko kafa iko a ƙasar da aka nufa. Lokacin da iko a kan yaro wanda ba na kasa ba ya bayyana, yaron yana cikin haɗarin kasancewa a cikin yanayin rashin tabbas kuma yana iya amfana ne kawai daga ayyukan wucin gadi da matakan kariya, har sai matsayin yaron ya cika ko kuma yaron ya koma ƙasar da ke da iko. Abubuwan da suka shafi iko sun hada da: * Za a iya samun shari'ar da ke jiran kotu inda yaron yake ciki. * Ayyukan zamantakewa a wata ƙasa na iya sa ido kan yaron da ita ko iyalinsa. * Yanayin yaron na iya kasancewa a karkashin binciken tilasta bin doka a wata ƙasa, gami da inda ake zargin fataucin yara. * Yaron na iya ba da aikace-aikacen mafaka a wata ƙasa; * Ana iya yin rajistar yaron a matsayin 'yaro da ya ɓace' a ƙasashen waje.<ref>Hague Conference on Private International Law, Practical Handbook on the Operation of the 1996 Child Protection Convention, 2014.</ref> === Ci gaba === Hakkin yaro ga rayuwa, rayuwa da ci gaba ana ba da shi a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 6 na Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara. Wadannan hakkoki an amince da su ta hanyar Jihohi kuma suna da alaƙa da rayuwa, tsaro da kiwon lafiya a matsayin wajibi ga ci gaban jiki da kuma ci gaban tunani, ruhaniya, ɗabi'a, ilimi, fahimta, motsin rai da zamantakewar al'adu na yaro. Wannan yana cikin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da matsakaicin rayuwa, girma da damar yaron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Convention on the Rights of the Child |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx |access-date=2017-04-19 |website=www.ohchr.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Post-deportation Monitoring pp68-69">{{Cite web |title=Podeszfa, Leana and Friederike Vetter, Post-deportation Monitoring: Why, how and by whom?, University of Oxford, Refugee Study Centre, Forced Migration Review, Detention, alternatives to detention and deportation, Issue 44, September 2013, pp. 68-69, p. 68.}}</ref><ref name="Between a rock and a hard place">{{Cite web |title=Refugee Council, 'Between a rock and a hard place: the dilemma facing refused asylum seekers', December 2012.}}</ref> Ingancin kulawa yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan ci gaban yaro. Inganta haƙƙin ci gaban yaro da buƙatu yana nufin ba ta damar girma a cikin iyalinta na asali ko a cikin madadin kulawa na iyali ko iyali, duk inda wannan yake don amfanin yaro. Shirye-shiryen kulawa da samun damar samun ingancin sabis don kiwon lafiya da ilimi suna da mahimmanci yayin tantance bukatun ci gaban yaro.<ref name="Post-deportation Monitoring pp68-69"/><ref name="Between a rock and a hard place"/> Abubuwan da ke biyowa sun dace yayin kimanta bukatun ci gaban yaro (tare da ambaton abubuwan da suka dace a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara): * Hakkin kiyaye ta ko asalinsa, gami da kasa, suna da alakar iyali (Mataki na 8); * Ci gaba a cikin kula da yaro da girma, tare da la'akari da kabilanci, addini, al'adu da asalin harshe na yaro (Mataki na 20); * Hakkin yaro ya ji daɗin mafi girman matakin kiwon lafiya (Mataki na 24); * Hakkin kowane yaro ga yanayin rayuwa wanda ya dace da ci gaban jiki, tunani, ruhaniya, ɗabi'a da zamantakewa na yaro (Mataki na 27); * Samun dama ga ilimi (Mataki na 28 da 29); * Hakkin yaro na hutawa da hutawa, don shiga cikin wasanni da ayyukan nishaɗi da suka dace da ita ko shekarunsa (Mataki na 31). === Samun damar yin adalci === ==== Yara da adalci a cikin shari'o'in kasa da kasa ==== Yara a kan tafiya wani lokacin suna shafar ko suna cikin rikici da doka, gami da rikice-rikicen iyali na kan iyaka da al'amuran alhakin iyaye da hulɗa, a matsayin masu neman mafaka ko wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka kuma, a wasu lokuta, a matsayin yara da ke rikici da dokar game da batutuwan shige da fice ko kuma batutuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba. Wasu yara da ke rikici da doka a zahiri wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka. Dokar kasa da kasa da Turai suna ba da cikakkun ka'idoji da ke tsara magani, haƙƙoƙi da haƙƙin yara da ke hulɗa da shari'a, a matsayin waɗanda aka azabtar, waɗanda ake tuhuma ko masu aikata laifuka. ==== Yara da ke fama da aikata laifuka ==== Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ta haramta cin zarafin yara a kowane nau'i kuma a kowane mahallin (Mataki na 19, 32-36). Duk wani yaro da ya fuskanci tashin hankali, cin zarafi ko cin zarafi za a iya la'akari da shi a matsayin wanda aka aikata laifuka kuma yana jin daɗin haƙƙoƙi da haƙƙoƙin da ke da alaƙa, gami da samun taimako, kariya da tallafi, sabis don farfadowa da farfadowar jiki, samun damar yin adalci, tare da kariya ta dace a duk wani shari'a ko tsarin gudanarwa. Ya kamata a gano yara da ke cikin haɗarin cin zarafi a matsayin masu haɗari kuma a tura su taimako da tallafi don hana cin zarafinsu ko wani lahani. ==== Yara da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma aikata laifuka ==== Wani muhimmin kariya ga yara da ke fama da aikata laifuka shine 'ma'anar rashin hukunci'. Yana nufin cewa yara da ke fama da laifuka na aikata laifuka, gami da fataucin mutane, za a kare su daga takunkumi ko gurfanar da su saboda ayyukan da suka aikata dangane da halin da suke ciki a matsayin wadanda aka azabtar. Matakin da ba na azabtarwa yana kare yara waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko aikata laifuka da kuma yara waɗanda aka tilasta musu shiga ƙasa ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye masu inganci ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Economic and Social Council Resolution 2005/20, 2005.}}</ref> Jagororin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Adalci a cikin Al'amuran da suka shafi Yara da Shaidu na Laifi sun jaddada cewa "yara da suka sha wahala da shaidu na iya fuskantar ƙarin wahala idan aka kalli su a matsayin masu laifi lokacin da a zahiri wadanda aka azabtar da su kuma shaidu". Jagororin sun ce ya kamata a kare wadanda aka azabta daga tuhumar ba tare da la'akari da kowane nau'in 'yanci'akari da sa hannu a cikin laifi ba kuma ba tare da kula da shekarun yaron ba dangane da dokokin ƙasa da shekarun da ke bayyana shekarun aikata laifi. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da yaro wanda aka azabtar kuma a bi da shi kamar haka "... ba tare da la'akari le rawar da suka taka a cikin laifin ko a cikin gurfanar da wanda ake zargi da laifin ko kungiyoyin masu laifi ba. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Guidelines on Justice in Matters involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Economic and Social Council Resolution 2005/20, 22 July 2005, par. 7e.}}</ref> Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yancin Dan Adam (OHCHR) Ka'idoji da Jagororin da aka ba da shawarar kan' yancin dan adam da Cinikin Dan Adam da Jagoronin [[UNICEF]] kan Kare Yara Wadanda ke fama da Cinikin sun sake jaddada haƙƙin rashin aikata laifuka musamman dangane da halin da ake ciki na wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane wadanda za a kare su daga alhakin aikata laifukan "duk wani laifi wanda ya kasance sakamakon kai tsaye daga fataucin". Wannan tanadin ya kara karfafawa ta hanyar sashi na rashin hukunci na Dokar Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwancin Tarayyar Turai ta 2011 da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Ayyuka game da Cin Hancin Dan Adam, sabili da haka an sanya shi a kan Kasashe: "Kowace Jam'iyya za ta, bisa ga ka'idojin ka'idoji na tsarin shari'arta, samar da yiwuwar kada a sanya hukunci ga wadanda abin ya shafa saboda shiga cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba, har zuwa inda aka tilasta musu yin hakan. " (Mataki na 26).<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Children's Fund, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Child-Friendly Version, 2009.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Children's Fund, Justice in Matters Involving Child Victims and Witnesses of Crime, Model Law and Related Commentary, 2009.}}</ref> Lokacin da yaro wanda ba na kasa ba ya saba wa doka kuma babu wata alama cewa an yi amfani da yaron a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma an azabtar da shi, ka'idojin adalci na yara iri ɗaya sun shafi yara na kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Economic and Social Council, Recommended Principles and Guidelines on Human Rights and Human Trafficking, Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Economic and Social Council, E/2002/68/Add.1, 20 May 2002.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Children's Fund, Guidelines on the Protection of Child Victims of Trafficking, UNICEF Technical Notes, 2006.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=European Council of Refugees and Exiles, Right to Justice: Quality Legal Assistance for Unaccompanied Children, Annex 1: Guiding principles for quality legal assistance for unaccompanied children, 2014.}}</ref> === Hakkin samun taimako na kwastomomi === Yaran da ke waje da ƙasarsu suna da 'yancin samun taimako daga ofisoshin jakadanci da ofisoshin kwastomomi da ke wakiltar ƙasarsu. Ma'aikatan kwastam na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tallafawa da taimakawa yara a kasashen waje, kafa lambobin sadarwa na tallafi da turawa, da kuma tattara taimako. Ma'aikatan kwastam na iya tuntuɓar hukumomin tsakiya ko wuraren hulɗa na ƙasa don shawarwarin fasaha a lokuta da suka shafi yara. A karkashin Yarjejeniyar [[Vienna]] ta 1963 kan Dangantakar Kasuwanci ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ayyukan kwastomomi sun haɗa da taimakawa da taimakawa 'yan ƙasa na jihar aikawa. Wannan na iya haɗawa da matakai don kare bukatun yara waɗanda ke cikin ƙasar aikawa a cikin iyakokin da dokoki da ka'idojin Jihar karɓa suka ɗora, musamman lokacin da ake buƙatar nada mai kula.<ref>Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Article 5e and h</ref> Dole ne hukumomin ƙasar da aka nufa su sanar da ofishin kwastam ba tare da bata lokaci ba lokacin da aka yi la'akari da nadin mai kula da yaro. Dokoki da ka'idojin Jihar karɓa game da nadin mai kula suna aiki kuma ba su da tasiri ta hanyar raba bayanai tare da ofisoshin kwastam masu dacewa.<ref>Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Article 37b</ref> === Shige da fice da motsi a cikin Tarayyar Turai === Dukkanin mutane, gami da iyaye, iyalai tare da yara da Yara marasa raka'a, suna jin daɗin 'yancin motsi a cikin yankin Turai. A cikin yankin Turai na 'yancin motsi,' yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Turai da Kasashen EFTA Iceland, [[Liechtenstein]], Norway da [[Switzerland]] suna da damar shiga da zama a wasu Kasashen membobin Tarayyar Tarayyar na tsawon watanni uku ba tare da rajista ba kuma an ba su izinin zama lokacin da za su iya nuna samun kudin shiga. Hakkin yara a matsayin baƙi marasa haɗin kai a yankin Turai na 'yancin motsi ba a bayyana su a bayyane ba kuma nauyin ma'aikata masu alaƙa ba su da tabbas. Hanyar da gwamnatocin ƙasa ke fassara da kuma tsara ka'idojin 'yancin motsi ga yara marasa matuka a ƙarƙashin shekaru 18 sun bambanta tsakanin ƙasashe.<ref>European Parliament and Council Directive 2004/38/EC of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States.</ref> === Gidan mafaka === Yarjejeniyar 'yan gudun hijira ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Yarjejeniyarta sun tsara haƙƙin mutane don neman kariya ta duniya. Yara suna jin daɗin kariya ta musamman kuma suna da 'yancin yin nazarin aikace-aikacen mafaka ɗai-ɗai. Dole ne a yi la'akari da takamaiman dalilan tsanantawa na yara ba tare da la'akari ba ko yaron ya yi amfani da shi shi kadai ko tare da iyaye ko mai kulawa. Kasashen membobin Tarayyar Turai sun sake tsara waɗannan ƙa'idodin don yanayin EU kuma sun karɓi jerin Dokokin da ke tsara cancanta da yanayin karɓar masu neman mafaka a cikin EU da kuma hanyoyin mafaka da batutuwan dawowa. == Rashin ƙarfi == Yara a kan motsi ana kiransu 'masu rauni' kodayake ba a bayyana ma'anar kalmar ba ko bayyana ta don yanayin kariya ta yara. Sau da yawa ana fahimtar rauni a matsayin rashi kuma ana daidaita shi da rauni da buƙatar kariya. Daga tsarin da ya danganci haƙƙin yara, rauni yana nufin iyakantaccen damar da yaro ke da shi don yin amfani da ita ko haƙƙinsa kamar yadda aka ba shi a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara.<ref name="CARDET 2013">CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.</ref><ref name="Refugees 2007">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.</ref> Ma'anar da ke akwai game da rauni waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin yanayin rage talauci, kiwon lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki na iya zama da amfani a cikin yanayin kariya ga yara.Wannan rauni ya kara muni ta hanyar kariya ta doka. Matasa a kan tafiyar sun fi rauni fiye da manya baƙi kuma suna fuskantar rushewa, raguwa, rashin tattalin arziki da albarkatun kayan aiki, rashin samun dama ga ayyuka na asali, da kuma karuwar haɗarin cin zarafi, tashin hankali da cin zarafi. == Gudun hijira mai aminci == Wasu yara suna ƙaura da kariya da kulawa kuma wasu suna samun nasara don cimma burin da ya motsa tafiyarsu. Lokacin da ƙaura ta kasance lafiya kuma tana da nasara, yara suna da damar haɓaka jin daɗinsu, don samun damar sabis mafi inganci da kuma amfana daga ingantaccen ilimi. Hanyoyin ƙaura masu aminci na iya tallafawa yara sosai a cikin canjin su zuwa girma da rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Za su inganta damar rayuwa, gami da sauyawa zuwa manya da kasuwar aiki, tare da yanayin aiki mafi kyau, albashi mafi girma da kuma karuwar damar ba da gudummawa ga al'ummominsu da al'ummomi, a cikin ƙasashe na asali da makoma. Yara da matasa na iya tallafa wa iyalansu ta hanyar aikawa da tallafawa ci gaban al'ummomin da suka fito.<ref>Catholic Relief Services, Child Migration, The Detention and repatriation of unaccompanied Central American children from Mexico, Research Study, 2010, p. 3.</ref><ref>Inter-Agency Group on Children on the Move, Why Children Matter, Experiences and lessons learnt from interventions to protect children on the move, The High Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development 2013</ref><ref>Side Event to the 46th Session of the Commission on Population and Development: “New Trends in Migration: Demographic Aspects”, 24 April 2013, p. 3.</ref><ref>Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, United Nations Children’s Fund, Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, Children and International Migration in Latin America and the Caribbean, Challenges, Newsletter on progress towards the Millennium Development Goals from a child rights perspective, Number 11, 2010, p. 2.</ref> == Hadarin yara a cikin ƙaura == Ga yara da suka yi ƙaura don tserewa daga yanayin rayuwa mai wahala, tashin hankali ko rikici, ƙaura na iya zama damar rage haɗari. Sauran suna fuskantar haɗari mai tsanani yayin ƙaura ko a wurin da aka nufa. Wasu kungiyoyin yara suna da saukin kamuwa da cin zarafi da cin zarafin, gami da fataucin mutane, saboda rashin ƙarfi na tsaro na zamantakewa. Hadarin da yaro ke fuskanta sau da yawa suna da alaƙa da juna kuma ana ɗaukar su a matsayin tarawa. Yaron da ya riga ya zauna a cikin mawuyacin hali, kamar talauci, cin zarafi ko barin makaranta, ana ɗaukarsa mafi rauni lokacin da ƙarin haɗari suka zo, kamar dangantakar cin zarafi o ƙaura mai haɗari.<ref name="CARDET 2013">CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.</ref><ref name="Refugees 2007">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.</ref> Yara masu ƙaura da yawa suna fuskantar lahani yayin tafiya da kuma inda suke. Yara suna fuskantar tashin hankali, cin zarafi da cin zarafi a hannun mutanen da suka haɗu da su a cikin zirga-zirga da kuma inda suke, gami da ma'aikata, masu jigilar kaya, masu safarar mutane da masu fataucin mutane. Za su iya fuskantar matakai masu mahimmanci na rashin kulawa ko cin zarafin jami'an gwamnati, gami da 'yan sanda, masu tsaron iyaka, jami'an shige da fice da ma'aikata a wuraren karɓar baƙi ko tsare-tsare. Wasu 'yan gudun hijira suna mutuwa a kan tafiya daga rashin ruwa, [[rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], sufuri ko haɗarin sufuri ko nutsar da teku.<ref>Catholic Relief Services, Child Migration, The Detention and repatriation of unaccompanied Central American children from Mexico, Research Study, 2010, p. 5.</ref> Yanayin ƙaura mara aminci, ta hanyar yanayinsu, suna haifar da haɗari ga yara. Baya ga fuskantar ayyukan tashin hankali, yara suna cikin haɗarin yin rikici da doka idan sun yi tafiya ba tare da takardun da ake buƙata ba, idan sun shiga cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba ko aikata laifuka don samun rayuwa, ko kuma idan wasu sun rinjayi su ko tilasta su yin hakan. A cikin yanayi na motsi na al'ada ko ƙaura mai zagaye, irin waɗannan yanayi na iya rinjayar jin daɗi, aminci da ci gaba sosai na yaro.<ref name="CARDET 2013">CARDET, Defence for Children International – Italy et al., IMPACT, Improving Monitoring and Protection Systems Against Child Trafficking and Exploitation, Transnational Analysis, 2013.</ref><ref name="Refugees 2007">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Conclusion on Children at Risk, Executive Committee Conclusions, No. 107(LVIII), 5 October 2007.</ref> === Amfani da shi === Yara a kan tafiya suna cikin haɗarin nau'o'i daban-daban na cin zarafi. Sun haɗa da cin zarafin jima'i a cikin batsa da karuwanci, masu aikata laifukan jima'i masu tafiya ta hanyar kyamarorin yanar gizo, hotunan cin zarafin yara da abubuwan da ba bisa ka'ida ba a intanet. Amfani yana faruwa ne a cikin aikin yara da aikin gida, a matsayin au-pairs, a cikin masana'antu, gine-gine, shimfida asphalt, gidajen cin abinci da masana'antun tsaftacewa, noma da karɓar 'ya'yan itace da kuma bara. Har ila yau, akwai shari'o'in kasa da kasa na auren yara da aka tilasta. Iyalai, ƙananan kungiyoyi ko manyan hanyoyin aikata laifuka na iya shirya cin zarafin yara. Ana amfani da yara a cikin ayyukan da ba bisa ka'ida ba da kuma aikata laifuka, gami da samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi da fataucin miyagun ƙ ƙwayoyi, satar aljihu ko sata.<ref>United Nations Children’s Fund Innocenti Research Centre, Child Trafficking in Europe, A broad vision to put children first, Innocenti Insight, 2008, p. 12.</ref><ref>United Nations Children’s Fund Innocenti Research Centre, Child Trafficking in the Nordic Countries, Rethinking strategies and national responses, A Technical Report, 2012, pp. 18-20.</ref> Yara da aka yi wa fataucin mutane suna amfani da su sosai ta hanyar masu fataucin kaya don dalilai kamar bara, cin hanci da rashawa, cin hancin shaida, cin hance da rashawa.<ref>Europol, The THB Financial Business Model, Assessing the current state of knowledge, 2015, p. 13.</ref> === Cinikin mutane === An bayyana fataucin yara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 a matsayin daukar ma'aikata, sufuri, canja wuri, adanawa ko karɓar yaro don manufar cin zarafi. Duk da yake wannan ma'anar ta shafi shari'o'in kasa da kasa da / ko shari'o-tafiye da suka shafi kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka, ana gane fataucin yara a waje da waɗannan sigogi.<ref name="TngManualFightTrafficking-Textbk1">{{Cite journal |last=I.L.O, UNICEF, and UN.GIFT |year=2009 |title=Training Manual to Fight Child Trafficking in Children for Labour, Sexual and Other Forms of Exploitation – Textbook 1: Understanding Child Trafficking |url=http://www.unicef.org/protection/Textbook_1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903005514/http://www.unicef.org/protection/Textbook_1.pdf |archive-date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=February 9, 2012}}</ref> Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta fadada ma'anar don haɗawa da motsi da cin zarafi a matsayin mahimman fannoni na fataucin yara.<ref name="TngManualFightTrafficking-Textbk1" /> Wadanda ke fama da fataucin kasa da kasa na iya ƙetare iyakoki tare da ko ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye na doka ba kuma tare da ko kuma ba tare da taimakon masu safarar mutane ba. Sau da yawa ana daukar mutane cikin fataucin mutane ne kawai bayan sun haye iyakar kasa da kasa. A lokuta da yawa, fataucin mutane yana faruwa a cikin ƙasashe kuma babu ƙetare iyaka da ke ciki. Yarjejeniyar Cinikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2000 ta ɗauki hanyoyin fataucin mutane da yardar yaro ga kowane aikin fataucin ba shi da mahimmanci wajen gano wanda aka yi fataucin. Hanyoyin cin zarafin da zasu iya zama fataucin mutane sun hada da, "aƙalla, cin zarafin karuwanci na wasu ko wasu nau'ikan cin zarafin jima'i, tilasta aiki ko ayyuka, bautar ko ayyukan da suka yi kama da bautar, bautar da kuma cire gabobin".<ref>UN Trafficking Protocol, Article 3</ref> Ana iya gurfanar da fataucin yara lokacin da zai yiwu a tabbatar da niyyar cin zarafin yaron, koda kuwa ba a riga an yi amfani da shi ba. Fassara daban-daban wani lokacin suna da wahala a rarrabe fataucin yara daga wasu nau'ikan cin zarafi. ==== Ma'anar fataucin yara a Turai ==== Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Ayyuka game da Cin Hanci da Cin Hanyoyi (2005) ta karɓi ma'anar ƙasa da ƙasa, iri ɗaya a cikin kalmomi, tana jaddada duk da haka cewa za a kare wadanda abin ya shafa a lokuta inda fataucin ke faruwa a cikin ƙasashe kuma ba tare da shigar manyan kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Liste complète |url=http://www.coe.int/fr/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/197}}</ref> Umurnin Yammacin Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci na Tarayyar Turai (2011) ya fadada ra'ayin cin zarafi a cikin manufar fataucin mutane. A bayyane ya haɗa da manufar cin zarafi a cikin ayyukan aikata laifuka a matsayin wani ɓangare na ma'anar fataucin mutane. Mataki na 2.3 ya bayyana cewa "'amfani da ayyukan aikata laifuka' ya kamata a fahimta a matsayin cin zarafin mutum don yin, a tsakanin sauran, satar aljihu, ɗaga shago, fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da sauran irin waɗannan ayyukan waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin hukunci kuma suna nuna riba ta kuɗi". Umurnin ya bayyana cewa "amfani da bara, gami da amfani da mutum mai dogaro da fataucin mutane don bara, ya fada cikin ma'anar fataucin a cikin mutane ne kawai lokacin da duk abubuwan tilasta aiki ko ayyuka suka faru".<ref>The European Parliament and Council of the European Union, Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA, Official Journal of the European Union, Brussels, 15 April 2011, par. 11.</ref> === Fitar da kayayyaki === Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da safarar baƙi ta ƙasa, teku da iska ta bayyana safarar mutane a matsayin "sakewa, don samun, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, fa'idar kuɗi ko wasu kayan aiki na shigar mutum ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin Jam'iyyar Jiha wanda mutumin ba ɗan ƙasa ba ne ko mazaunin dindindin". Mai shigo da kaya yana sauƙaƙa ƙetare iyaka na wasu ba tare da takardun tafiye-tafiye da ake buƙata ba kuma don samun kuɗi ko wasu riba. Da zarar mai shigo da kaya ya sauƙaƙa ƙetare iyaka ko tabbatar da isowar baƙi a wurin da aka amince da shi, hulɗa tsakanin mai shigo da mutane da baƙi da aka shigo da su yawanci ya ƙare. Fitar da mutane a fadin iyakokin kasa da kasa na iya zama wani ɓangare na aikin fataucin mutane lokacin da aka yi shi don manufar cin zarafin mutane a ƙasar da aka nufa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime |url=https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/index.html}}</ref><ref>United Nations Protocol Against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime, Article 3.</ref> Kodayake ana ɗaukar smuggling laifi ne ga jihar, mutanen da ke amfani da ayyukan smugglers na iya shan wahala ta hanyar tashin hankali yayin da ake smuggling ko kuma suna iya mutuwa saboda yanayin sufuri mara kyau. === Sayar da yara === Sayar da yara yana nufin duk wani aiki ko ma'amala inda kowane mutum ko rukuni na mutane ke tura yaro zuwa wani don biyan kuɗi ko wani la'akari. Duk da yake fataucin mutane na iya haɗawa da sayarwa da siyar da mutane, siyar da yara na iya haifar da cin zarafi amma ba lallai ba ne. Ana sayar da yara a wasu lokuta a cikin tallafi ba bisa ka'ida ba, alal misali. Ana kuma sayar da yara don cin zarafin jima'i ko aiki. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya samun haɗuwa tsakanin fataucin mutane da siyarwa a matsayin ayyukan laifi guda biyu a cikin shari'a ɗaya.<ref>Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Article 2(a).</ref> == Shige da fice da ci gaba mai ɗorewa == Haɗin tsakanin ƙaura da ci gaba an san shi sosai. Shige da fice yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da Agenda na 2030 don Ci Gaban Ci gaba. Dangane da yanayin yawan jama'a na yanzu, yawan jama'ar kasashe masu arziki za su ci gaba da tsufa ba tare da daidaituwa ba yayin da ƙaramin ƙarni ke da yawa a kasashe masu karamin kuɗi, suna haifar da damuwa a kasuwar ma'aikata, tsaro na zamantakewa, ilimi da abinci mai gina jiki.<ref>United Nations, Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform, Transforming Our World – The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 2015.</ref> Gudun hijira na iya rage waɗannan rashin daidaituwa a bangarorin biyu. Yana da damar kara yawan ma'aikata da karfafa matasa a cikin lambobi inda ake bukata. Wannan zai haifar da karuwar gudummawa ga tsarin jin dadin jama'a a cikin ƙasashe masu samun kudin shiga da kuma rage damuwa a kan tsarin jin dadin zamantakewa a ƙasashen asali tare da matsanancin talauci da rashin aikin yi. Manufofin ƙaura da motsi ya kamata su sauƙaƙa musayar ilimi, iyawa da albarkatun ɗan adam yayin hana motsi ɗaya da ɓarkewar kwakwalwa. Idan aka gani daga wannan ra'ayi, ƙaura tana da fa'idodi masu yuwuwa don rage talauci da haɓaka ci gaban duniya mai ɗorewa.<ref>United Nations Children’s Fund, United Nations Population Division, University of Houston, International Migration, Children and Adolescents, Population Dynamics, October 2013, pp. 1, 4.</ref><ref name="Cortina, Jeronimo 2013, p. 2">Cortina, Jeronimo, Children, Education and Migration: Win-win policy responses for co-development, QScience Proceedings, Family, Migration and Dignity Special Issue, University of Houston and United Nations Children’s Fund, Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals, 2013, p. 2.</ref> Haɗin tsakanin ƙaura da ci gaba suna da tasiri ga manufofi da aiki a cikin waɗannan yankuna kuma ana buƙatar daidaita matakan da suka dace a ƙasashe masu zuwa da asali. Daga hangen nesa na haƙƙin ɗan adam da ci gaba, ƙasashen asali da makoma suna da alhakin sarrafa ƙaura. Kyakkyawan ci gaba da rage haɗarin daga ƙaura na iya haɗawa da haɓaka babban birnin ɗan adam na baƙi da saka hannun jari a cikin haɗin gwiwar kula da ƙaura tsakanin ƙasashe na asali da makoma a cikin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa.<ref name="Cortina, Jeronimo 2013, p. 2">Cortina, Jeronimo, Children, Education and Migration: Win-win policy responses for co-development, QScience Proceedings, Family, Migration and Dignity Special Issue, University of Houston and United Nations Children’s Fund, Bloomsbury Qatar Foundation Journals, 2013, p. 2.</ref> == Tarihin ƙaurawar yara ta ƙasa == === Ostiraliya === A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon ƙarni na 20, an cire yara da yawa na Aboriginal Australiya daga iyalansu kuma an sanya su a cibiyoyi da gidaje masu kula, a cikin abin da aka sani da Stolen Generations . Yara 130,000 sun yi ƙaura zuwa [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] a ƙarƙashin taimakon ƙaura na yara daga Burtaniya kadai, tare da ƙaramin adadi daga [[Malta]]. An karɓi yara masu ƙaura ko kuma an haife su a gidajen yara, cibiyoyi, gidajen marayu ko kulawa. Yawancin waɗannan yara an yi amfani da su a cikin aikin bayi ta majami'u a Ostiraliya. Yawancin waɗannan yara sun fuskanci sakaci da cin zarafi yayin da suke cikin kulawar ma'aikata. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2009 Firayim Ministan Australia, Kevin Rudd ya nemi gafara ga "Mutanen Australia da aka rasa" da yara masu ƙaura a madadin kasar.<ref name="sorry">{{Cite web |last=Anon |date=16 November 2009 |title=Australia 'sorry' for child abuse |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/8361389.stm |access-date=17 November 2009 |website=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Speech &#124; Prime Minister of Australia |url=http://www.pm.gov.au/node/6321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405065659/http://www.pm.gov.au/node/6321 |archive-date=2010-04-05 |access-date=2010-03-11}} PMs apology</ref> "Mutanen da aka rasa" kalma ce da Majalisar Dattijan Australiya ta yi amfani da ita don bayyana yara da aka girma a gidajen marayu, gidajen yara, cibiyoyi ko kulawa a Ostiraliya. Yara masu ƙaura takamaiman rukuni ne na "Mutanen da suka ɓace".<ref>http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&sid=582660 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229101829/http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/content.php?pid=55757&sid=582660 |date=2010-12-29 }} Adoption & Forgotten Australians - Child Migrants</ref> === Bulgaria === Shige da fice na yara wani abu ne da ke da alaƙa da ƙaurawar masu kula da kasuwar Bulgarian zuwa Austria-Hungary a rabi na biyu na karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20, saboda amfani da aikin yara (yawanci yara maza) a cikin lambu na kasuwa. Ayyukan yara sun kawo manyan masu aikin lambu mafi girma tun lokacin da ba a biya yara ba amma sun yi aiki a matsayin masu koyo don kiyaye su kawai. Ƙananan yara sun taimaka a cikin lambuna kuma sun koyi ƙwarewar lambu, yayin da waɗanda suka riga sun kasance masu ƙarfi a jiki suka yi ayyukan lambu na musamman. Za'a iya rarrabe alamu daban-daban na ƙaurawar yara bisa ga tarihin rayuwa da labarun rayuwar kansu na masu lambu na kasuwa: yara da suka yi ƙaura tare da iyayensu masu lambu a kasuwa a matsayin iyali ko waɗanda suka yi lambu na kasuwar da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje; yara da suka ƙaura tare na ɗaya daga cikin iyaye (yawanci mahaifin lambu na kasuwanci) ko kuma tare da dangi na mahaifinsa mai lambu don "koyi aiki"; yara waɗanda suka yi ƙauka tare da iyayensa masu tasowa suna rayuwa a kasuwa a kan iyalan su, su, su suna rayuwa ta hanyar kuɗi, su bar iyalin su zama a ƙasarsu suna rayuwa a ƙasa da yara masu ƙanƙanta suna rayuwa"<ref>http://penkapeykovska.blogspot.hu/p/blog-page_20.html Peykovska, Penka, Child Migration, Child Labor and School Attainment. Evidence from the Bulgarian Community in Hungary (Late 19th to the 1930s)</ref> === Kanada ===   Tsarin makarantar zama na Indiyawan Kanada, wanda aka kafa a karni na 19, an yi niyya ne don tilasta daidaitawa da Mutanen Aboriginal a Kanada cikin al'ummar Turai-Kanada.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alberni School Victim Speaks Out |url=http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/education/Default.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090726170335/http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/education/Default.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2009 |access-date=2009-12-02 |website=First Nations Drum}}</ref> An rufe makarantar zama ta ƙarshe a shekara ta 1996. A ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2008, Firayim Minista [[Stephen Harper]] ya nemi gafara, a madadin majalisar ministocin da ke zaune, a gaban masu sauraro na wakilan Aboriginal, kuma a cikin jawabin da aka watsa a cikin kasa a kan CBC, don manufofin gwamnatocin da suka gabata na daidaitawa.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/06/11/aboriginal-apology.html PM cites 'sad chapter' in apology for residential schools] - cbc.ca, June 11, 2008. Retrieved 2009-12-02.</ref>A shekara ta 2009, [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict na XVI]] ya nuna baƙin cikinsa game da "tsananin da ya haifar da mummunar hali na wasu membobin Cocin" kuma ya ba da "haushi da hadin kai na addu'a". === Malta === Yara 310 sun yi hijira daga Malta zuwa Ostiraliya tsakanin 1950 da 1965 a karkashin 'Yar Shige da Fice zuwa Ostiraaliya Shirin' biyo bayan yarjejeniya tsakanin kwamitin Shige da fice na Katolika na Australiya da Ministan Shige da Shige da Fitowa da Ma'aikata a ranar 9 ga Disamba 1949. <ref name="apology">{{Cite web |last=Attard |first=Elaine |title=Australian PM apologises for child abuse |url=http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=97331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120044207/http://www.independent.com.mt/news.asp?newsitemid=97331 |archive-date=20 November 2009 |access-date=17 November 2009 |website=The Malta Independent online |publisher=Standard Publications Ltd}}</ref> Yawancin yaran Maltese da aka aika zuwa Ostiraliya a ƙarƙashin wannan makirci sun fito ne daga gidajen marayu na gwamnati ko gidajen yara na Ikilisiya kuma an ce duk sun tafi tare da yardar iyayensu. Gwamnatin Australiya ta ba da gudummawa don maraba da yara maza na Maltese, masu shekaru tsakanin takwas zuwa 11, da 'yan mata masu shekaru tsakanin biyar zuwa 10 a cikin cibiyoyin Katolika kuma sun yi alkawarin ba su aiki karkashin kulawar hukumomin Katolika.<ref name="apology" /> Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yara ya zama firist kuma wasu da yawa sun fara aiki duk da cewa da yawa sun girma da rauni da sanin cewa iyayensu sun yarda da barin gida.<ref name="apology" /> An haɗa 'yan gudun hijirar Maltese a cikin neman gafara na Firayim Minista na Australiya na 2009 ga waɗanda suka sha wahala a hannun masu kula da su a cibiyoyi, marayu da kulawa.<ref name="apology" /> === Falasdinu da aka tilasta === A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, dubban kananan yara daga iyalan Yahudawa a Turai da ke zaune a Nazi an kai su cikin aminci a Mandatory Palestine (yanzu Isra'ila). === Ƙasar Ingila ===   Ayyukan aikawa da yara matalauta ko marayu zuwa yankunan mazauna Ingila, don taimakawa wajen rage karancin ma'aikata, ya fara ne a Ingila a cikin 1618, tare da tarawa da jigilar yara 100 zuwa mulkin mallaka na Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A child migration timeline |url=http://www.goldonian.org/barnardo/child_migrationl.htm |access-date=2009-04-07 |website=The Goldonian |publisher=Goldonian Web |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307031547/http://goldonian.org/barnardo/child_migrationl.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin rabi na biyu na karni na ashirin, ana ganin shirin Home Children a matsayin hanyar motsa yara matalauta zuwa "rayuwa mafi kyau" a Ostiraliya, Kanada da sauran wurare, tare da samar da "farin kaya" mai kyau ga tsoffin yankuna. Ba a tuntubi yara da iyaye ba, kuma sau da yawa ana raba 'yan uwa.<ref>[[Child Labor]] By Sandy Hobbs, Jim McKechnie, [[Michael Lavalette]] p. 33, 34</ref> A cikin jimlar an aika yara 130,000 daga Ƙasar Ingila zuwa Kanada, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, Rhodesia (yanzu Zimbabwe), da Ostiraliya. Sau da yawa ana yin ƙarya ga yara game da mutuwar iyayensu kuma da yawa sun fuskanci cin zarafi a sababbin gidajensu.<ref name="sorry"/> A watan Fabrairun 2010 Firayim Ministan Burtaniya, [[Gordon Brown]] ya ba da gafara na hukuma don shirin sake zama na yara 'mai kunya' kuma ya ba da sanarwar asusun fam miliyan 6 da aka tsara don biyan iyalan da shirin "ba daidai ba" ya shafa. The Child Migrants Trust tun lokacin da ya kafa Asusun Maido da Iyali don amfani da wannan kuɗin don taimakawa sake haɗuwa da tsoffin yara masu ƙaura tare da iyalansu a matsayin wani ɓangare na kunshin tallafi ga tsoffin yara da iyalinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon |title=Family Restoration Fund |url=http://www.childmigrantstrust.com/services/family-restoration-fund |access-date=28 July 2013 |website=Child migrants Trust}}</ref> A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], an kwashe yara miliyan 3.5 daga yankunan da ke cikin haɗarin bama-bamai zuwa yankunan karkara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon |title=Home page |url=http://www.evacuees.org.uk/ |access-date=28 April 2010 |website=The Evacuees Reunion Association.}}</ref> (Dubi Gudun fararen hula a Burtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.) Har ila yau, a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kusan yara 10,000 marasa matasan daga iyalai na Yahudawa a Turai da ke zaune a Nazi an kai shi lafiya a Burtaniya. Binciken da aka kammala a shekarar 2012 ta Cibiyar Nazarin Shige da Fice, Manufofi da Al'umma ta [[Jami'ar Oxford]] (COMPAS) karkashin jagorancin Dokta Nando Sigona ya ba da haske game da halin da yara ba su da damar zama a Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-15 |title=No way out, no way in: Migrant children fall through the net |url=http://irregularvoices.wordpress.com/2012/05/15/no-way-out-no-way-in-migrant-children-fall-through-the-net/}}</ref> Binciken, 'Babu hanyar fita, babu hanyar shiga: Yara masu ƙaura da iyalai a Burtaniya', ya kiyasta yawan yara 120,000 ba tare da matsayi ba, daga cikinsu 65,000 an haife su a Burtaniya ga iyaye ba tare da haƙƙin zama a kasar ba. === Amurka === A cikin karni na 19 akwai yunkurin motsa yara daga biranen gabas da ke cike da mutane zuwa iyalan karkara na yamma da yamma da marayu. Mafi shahara shine motsi na jirgin kasa marayu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Torigoe |first=John |date=24 December 2008 |title=He rode the 'Orphan Train' across the country |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/12/24/orphan.trains/index.html |journal=CNN}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an raba yaran 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka daga iyalansu kuma an tura su makarantun kwana don tilasta musu su shiga cikin al'adun yamma. === Finland === A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da Finland ke yaƙi da Rasha, kimanin yara 70 000 na Finnish an kai su jirgin ƙasa da jirgin ruwa galibi zuwa [[Sweden]], amma kuma zuwa Norway da [[Denmark]]. Wadannan yara galibi ana kiransu yara na yaƙi. A ƙarshen yaƙin, dubban yara sun sami tallafi daga iyayensu "sabon". == Dubi kuma == * Ƙananan ba tare da wani ba * Tsaro na yara na kasa da kasa * Jerin dokokin kasa da kasa da na Turai game da kariya da ƙaura * Hakkin jin * [[Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa]] * Cinikin yara * Yaron Anchor * Jirgin yara == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/familyhistory/guide/migrantancestors/child.htm Tarihin Kasa - ƙaurawar yara] * [http://www.childmigrantstrust.com Shafin yanar gizon Child Migrants Trust] * [http://guides.slv.vic.gov.au/adoption Amincewa da kuma mantawa da 'yan Australia] * [http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/inside_life_in_childrens_homes_and_institutions/home ''A ciki: Rayuwa a cikin Gidajen Yara da Cibiyoyin'', Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Ostiraliya] * [http://www.nma.gov.au/blogs/inside/ ''A ciki: Rayuwa a cikin Gidajen Yara da Cibiyoyin'' baje kolin blog, Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Ostiraliya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213033920/https://nma.gov.au/blogs/inside/ |date=2019-02-13 }} * [http://forgottenaustralianshistory.gov.au/index.html Mutanen da aka manta da su: Tarihinmu - Gidan yanar gizon Gwamnatin Australiya wanda ya haɗa da tarihin baki, albarkatu da hotuna] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241015015435/https://www.forgottenaustralianshistory.gov.au/index.html |date=2024-10-15 }} * [https://www.academia.edu/3024084/Penka_Peykovska_CHILD_MIGRATION_CHILD_LABOR_AND_SCHOOL_ATTAINMENT_EVIDENCE_FROM_THE_BULGARIAN_COMMUNITY_IN_HUNGARY_LATE_19th_CENTURY_TO_THE_1930s_ Gudun yara, aikin yara da samun ilimi] == manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Transnational child protection}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cpthmawka3mmf0hsp8jo8wl1kcx3kvq 0 81784 905558 715127 2026-08-21T10:52:33Z Zahrah0 14848 905558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ifeoma Chukwufumnaya Onumonu''' (listeni; An haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1994) ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke buga wa Utah Royals a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Ƙasa (NWSL). Ta taba buga wa NJ / NJ/NY Gotham FC, Reign FC, Portland Thorns FC, da Boston Breakers wasa. Onumonu ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley da kuma makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta Los Osos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ifeoma Onumonu |url=https://calbears.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/ifeoma-onumonu/8269 |access-date=22 April 2021 |website=Cal Bears}}</ref> [[Fayil:NC Courage vs Gotham FC (Oct 2023) 071.jpg|thumb|Ifeoma Onumonu]] An haife ta a Amurka, Onumonu ta wakilci [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Najeriya]] tun 2021.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Gotham |date=9 June 2021 |title=Ifeoma Onumonu Earns First Call Up for Nigeria Women's National Team |url=https://www.gothamfc.com/news_article/show/1168550-ifeoma-onumonu-earns-first-call-up-for-nigeria-women-s-national-team |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=NJ/NY Gotham FC |language=en-us |archive-date=9 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609155838/https://www.gothamfc.com/news_article/show/1168550-ifeoma-onumonu-earns-first-call-up-for-nigeria-women-s-national-team |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Boston Breakers === Bayan ta yi wasa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, Boston Breakers ne suka tsara Onumonu tare da 8th overall pick a cikin shekarar 2017 NWSL College Draft. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=Stephanie |date=12 January 2017 |title=Breakers complete 2017 draft with six picks |url=http://www.thebentmusket.com/2017/1/12/14259220/boston-breakers-complete-nwsl-2017-draft-six-picks |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=The Bent Musket |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114190910/http://www.thebentmusket.com/2017/1/12/14259220/boston-breakers-complete-nwsl-2017-draft-six-picks |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta fito a wasanni 18 na Boston a kakar wasa ta farko. === Ƙaya ta Portland === Bayan da Boston Breakers suka ninka a gaban kakar 2018, Portland Thorns ne suka zaba Onumonu a cikin 2018 Dispersal Draft . <ref>{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=30 January 2018 |title=With the 22nd pick in today's dispersal draft, @ThornsFC select Ifeoma Onumonu. |url=https://twitter.com/NWSL/status/958457275030568961 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=@NWSL |language=en}}</ref> An dakatar da ita a ranar 8 ga Mayu 2019, bayan ta buga wasanni takwas. === Sarautar FC === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2019, Onumonu ta sanya hannu tare da Reign FC a matsayin ƴar wasan maye gurbin ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ƙasa. Bayan wasan kwaikwayo na taurari, ta sami ƙarin wuri a ranar 28 ga Yuni. === NJ/NY Gotham FC === A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 2020, an sayar da Onumonu zuwa Sky Blue FC . Ta sake sanya hannu tare da tawagar a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda a ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 2022 bisa ga rawar da ta taka a lokacin kakar NWSL ta 2021, wanda ya gan ta da suna zuwa Best XI Second Team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FC |first=Gotham |date=20 January 2022 |title=NJ/NY Gotham FC Solidifies Forward Core, Re-Signing Ifeoma Onumonu |url=https://www.gothamfc.com/news_article/show/1204407-nj-ny-gotham-fc-solidifies-forward-core-re-signing-ifeoma-onumonu |access-date=19 March 2022 |website=NJ/NY Gotham FC |language=en-us}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2022, Onumonu ta sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangilar shekaru uku wacce za ta ci gaba da ita tare da Gotham FC har zuwa kakar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=J. W. S. |date=25 October 2022 |title=NWSL free agency tracker: Ifeoma Onumonu signs with Gotham |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-free-agency-tracker-signings-updates-2022-2023/ |access-date=27 October 2022 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> === Sarautar Utah === [[Fayil:Thorns vs. Pride 2018-04-15 38.jpg|thumb|Ifeoma Onumonu]] A ranar 30 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2023, an sayar da Onumonu ga Utah Royals don $ 40,000 a cikin kuɗin rabawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Communications |first=Gotham FC |date=30 December 2023 |title=Gotham FC Trades Forward Ify Onumonu to Utah Royals for Allocation Money |url=https://www.gothamfc.com/news_article/show/1295567-gotham-fc-trades-forward-ify-onumonu-to-utah-royals-for-allocation-money |access-date=30 December 2023 |website=NJ/NY Gotham FC |language=en-us}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Onumonu ta wakilci Amurka a cikin Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa ta Ƙasa ta 23. A watan Yunin 2021 ta karbi kiranta na farko zuwa [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya|Kungiyar Mata ta Najeriya]].<ref name=":1"/> [[Fayil:Thorns vs. Pride 2018-04-15 48.jpg|thumb|Ifeoma Onumonu]] A ranar 16 ga watan Yunin 2023, an haɗa ta cikin 'yan wasa 23 na Najeriya don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ryan Dabbs |date=14 June 2023 |title=Nigeria Women's World Cup 2023 squad: most recent call ups |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/nigeria-women-world-cup-2023-squad-team-roster-players |access-date=20 June 2023 |website=fourfourtwo.com |language=en}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == '''NJ/NY Gotham FC''' * Gasar NWSL: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2023 |title=NWSL Championship highlights: Gotham FC crowned champions as Rapinoe, Krieger end careers |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/nwsl/2023/11/11/nwsl-championship-megan-rapinoe-live-updates-ol-reign-gotham-fc/71539239007/ |access-date=12 November 2022 |website=USA Today |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI Team na biyu: 2021 * NWSL Team of the Month: Yuni 2019, Agusta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/june-team-of-the-month-2 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Women's Soccer League Official Site {{!}} NWSL |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-august-team-of-the-month |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=www.nwslsoccer.com}}</ref> * NWSL Player of the Week: 2019 mako 10, 2021 mako 13 <ref>{{Cite web |title=It's not 𝓲𝓯 she balls out, it's when she balls out 😏 |url=https://twitter.com/nwsl/status/1428088125335605248 |access-date=13 November 2023 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == {{Utah Royals squad}}{{Navboxes|title=Nigeria squads|bg=#008751|fg=white|list1={{Nigeria squad 2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations}} {{Nigeria squad 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup}}}}{{2021 NWSL Teams of the Year}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f0zi6udxkw0ujcenokpdg1cmmslbghe 0 86113 905347 543265 2026-08-21T01:28:16Z CommonsDelinker 75 Removing [[:c:File:Spomen-ploča_u_Aucklandu.jpg|Spomen-ploča_u_Aucklandu.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Abzeronow|Abzeronow]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Spomen-ploča u Aucklandu.jpg|]]. 905347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Reflist|2}} '''Ngāti Whātua''' wani Māori iwi ne (ƙabilar) na ƙananan yankin Northland na Tsibirin Arewa [[New Zealand]] . <ref name="tkmentry"/> Ya ƙunshi ƙungiya ta hapū huɗu (ƙabilai) waɗanda ke da alaƙa da juna ta hanyar kakanninmu da kuma haɗin kai a tsawon lokaci: Te Uri-o-Hau, Te Roroa, Te Taoū, da Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei . Hapū guda huɗu na iya aiki tare ko daban a matsayin kabilun masu zaman kansu. <ref name="rohe">{{Cite web |title=Te rohe o Ngāti Whātua: our area |url=http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/mana-ngati-whatua/rohe |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524022845/http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/mana-ngati-whatua/rohe |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=24 May 2015 |publisher=Te Rūnanga o Ngāti Whātua}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taonga |first=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu |title=Ngāti Whātua |url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=teara.govt.nz |language=en}}</ref> Yankin Ngāti Whātua ko ƙasar an bayyana shi a al'ada kamar, "Tāmaki ki Maunganui i te Tai Hauauru" da kuma "Tāmaka ki Manaia i te Rawhiti". An bayyana iyakar arewa kamar haka, "Manaia yan ki Whatitiri, Whatitiri yan ki Tutamoe, Tutamoe yan ki Maunganui". An bayyana iyakar kudancin kamar haka, "Te awa o Tāmaki". Yankin yana gudana daga Kogin Tāmaki a kudu zuwa Maunganui Bluff (a arewacin ƙarshen Aranga Beach a bakin tekun yamma) a arewa, da kuma Whangarei Harbour a bakin tekon gabas. A lokacin da Turawa suka zauna a New Zealand, yankin Ngāti Whātua yana kusa da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kaipara kuma yana miƙa kudu zuwa {{Lang|mi|Tāmaki Makaurau}}, shafin Auckland na yanzu.<ref name="rohe"/> == Tarihi == Ngāti Whātua ya kuma fito ne daga kakannin Tuputupuwhenua (wanda aka fi sani da Tumutumuwhenua). iwi ya gano isowarsa a New Zealand zuwa jirgin ruwa na Māhuhu-ki-te-rangi, wanda ya sauka a arewacin Kaipara Harbour. Sun kuma fito ne daga kakannin da suka yi ƙaura daga Muriwhenua a Arewacin Arewa kuma suka yi aure tare da kabilun da ke yankin Ngāti Whātua. A cikin ƙarni na 16 da 17, Ngāti Whātua ya kafa a kusa da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kaipara. Rikici da Ngāpuhi ya karu a farkon ƙarni na 19 lokacin da Ngāpuha ya sami bindigogi. Ngāpuhi ya kai hari ga Ngāti Whātua a cikin shekarar 1807 ko 1808 a yaƙin Moremonui a arewacin Dargaville - mai yiwuwa lokacin da aka fara amfani da bindigogi a yakin Māori. Ngāti Whātua ya shawo kan mayaƙan Ngāpuhi da maƙami na hannu yayin da Ngāpuhi ke sake ɗora bindigogin su, suna samun nasara a kan maharan. Ngāpuhi, karkashin jagorancin [[Hongi Hika]], ya rama a shekarar 1825 lokacin da suka ci Ngāti Whātua a yakin Te Ika a Ranganui kusa da Kaiwaka . A ranar 20 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 1840 a yankin Manukau Harbour inda Ngāti Whātua ya yi noma, Babban shugaban Apihai Te Kawau ya sanya hannu kan ''Te Tiriti ko Waitangi'', Yarjejeniyar Waitangi . <ref name="AklLib_ManakauTreatySigning">{{Cite web |title=Signing the Treaty in Manukau in 1840 |url=http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604091149/http://www.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/EN/heritage/localhistory/countiesmanukau/maorihistory/Pages/signingthetreatyinManukau.aspx |archive-date=4 June 2016 |access-date=24 May 2016 |publisher=Auckland Council}}</ref> Ngāti Whātua ya nemi kariya ta Burtaniya daga Ngāpuhi da kuma dangantaka da Crown da Coci. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar, Te Kawau ya ba da ƙasa a kan Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Waitematā ga William Hobson, sabon Gwamnan New Zealand, don sabon babban birnin.<ref name="Biography">{{Cite web |title=Āpihai Te Kawau |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/people/apihai-te-kawau |access-date=3 August 2019 |publisher=Research and Publishing Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage}}</ref><ref name="Apihai">{{Cite web |title=Apihai Te Kawau |url=http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/ |access-date=11 August 2019 |publisher=Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei |archive-date=11 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811062406/http://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/apihai-te-kawau/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Values">{{Cite web |title=Cultural Values Assessment in Support of the Notices of Requirement for the Proposed City Rail Link Project |url=https://at.govt.nz/media/1168412/aeeappendix6culturalvalues.pdf |access-date=11 August 2019 |publisher=Auckland Transport}}</ref> Hobson ya ɗauki tayin kuma ya ƙaura babban birnin New Zealand zuwa {{Lang|mi|Tāmaki Makaurau}}, yana mai suna ''Auckland''. Ngāti Whātua ya zama sananne a cikin shekarun 1970s a cikin wata takaddama game da ƙasar da ba ta da komai a Bastion Point, a karamin hanyar gabashin tsakiyar birnin Auckland, kusa da unguwar Ōrākei . Ƙasar, wadda gwamnatin New Zealand ta samu a arha don ayyukan jama'a shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, galibi ta koma ga kabilar bayan dogon aiki da juriya.<ref name="untoldstory">{{Cite web |date=1999 |title=Bastion Point – The Untold Story |url=http://www.nzonscreen.com/title/bastion-point---the-untold-story-1999 |access-date=16 September 2016 |website=nzonscreen.com |publisher=[[NZ On Screen]] |format=Documentary}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Te Runanga o Ngāti Whātua yana da umarni, wanda Gwamnatin New Zealand ta amince da shi, don tattauna yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Waitangi don Ngāti Whatua. Har ila yau, kungiya ce mai ba da izini a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kifi ta Māori, da kuma Kungiyar Aquaculture ta Iwi a cikin Dokar Kasuwancin Aquacultura ta Māori. Yana wakiltar Ngāti Whatua a matsayin ikon iwi a karkashin Dokar Gudanar da albarkatu kuma ƙungiya ce ta Tūhono. Runanga kwamiti ne na amincewa da Māori wanda masu kula da 11 ke mulki daga 5 takiwā ko gundumomi: mai kula da 1 daga Ōrākei, 2 daga Kudancin Kaipara, 3 daga Otamatea, 1 daga Whangarei da 4 daga Arewacin Wairoa . <ref name="tkmentry"/> Ya zuwa shekarar 2022, co-shugabanni na amincewa sune Allan Pivac da Dame Rangimarie Naida Glavish DNZM. JP, Manahautū shine Alan Riwaka, kuma amincin yana cikin Whangarei.<ref name="whatua-official">{{Cite web |title=Ngati Whatua |url=http://www.ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz |access-date=16 September 2016 |website=ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz |publisher=Ngāti Whatua}}</ref> iwi yana da sha'awa a yankin Majalisar Yankin Northland, Majalisar Auckland, Majalisar Gundumar Kaipara da Majalisar Gunduma ta Whangarei . <ref name="tkmentry">{{Cite web |title=Rohe |url=http://www.tkm.govt.nz/iwi/ngati-whatua/ |access-date=2 March 2016 |website=tkm.govt.nz |publisher=[[Te Puni Kōkiri]], [[New Zealand Government]]}}</ref> == Hapū da marae == === Arewacin Wairoa === * Ngāti Hinga hapū, wanda ke zaune a Ahikiwi marae (Te Aranga Mai o te Whakapono wharenui), Kaihū * Ngāti Torehina, wanda ke zaune a Taita marae (Kia Mahara Koutou wharenui), Māmaranui * Ba a san shi ba hapū, wanda ke zaune a Kāpehu marae (Tāringaroa wharenui), Mititai, da Tama te Uaua marae (Mama te Uaua wharenui) Kaihū * Te Popoto, wanda ke zaune a Ōtūrei marae (Rangimārie Te Aroha wharenui), Aratapu * Te Roroa, wanda ke zaune a Pananawe marae (Te Taumata o Tiopira Kinaki wharenui), Waipoua; Te Houhanga marae (Rāhiri wharenui, Dargaville; Waikarā marae (Te Uaua wharenui) Aranga; * Te Uri o Hau, wanda ya kasance a: Otamatea Marae, Kaipara, Maungataroto . Naumai marae (Ngā Uri o te Kotahitanga wharenui), Ruawai; Ōtūrei marae (Rangimārie Te Aroha wharenui) Aratapu; Rīpia marae (Ba wharenui ba), Rīpia, da Pouto; Waikaretu marae, Matakohe; Parirau Marae-Wharemarama (Te Uri-o-Hau). <ref name="tkmentry"/> === Whangarei === Gundumar Whangarei tana da hapū huɗu (ƙabilu): * Patuharakeke hapū, wanda ke zaune a Takahiwai marae (Rangiora wharenui), Takahiwai * Te Kuihi hapū, wanda ke zaune a Tangiterōria marae (Tirarau wharenui), Tangiterōría * Te Parawhau hapū, wanda ke zaune a Korokota marae (Tikitiki o Rangi wharenui), Tītoki da Tangiterōria marae (Maruaru wharenui) * Te Uriroroi hapū, wanda ke zaune a Toetoe marae (Toetoe wharenui), Ōtaika <ref name="tkmentry"/> === Ōrākei === * Ngā Oho, wanda ke zaune a Ōrākei marae (tare da Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrāei * Te Taoū, wanda ya kasance a Ōrākei marae (tare da Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrāei * Te Uri Ngutu, wanda ke zaune a Ōrākei marae (tare da Tumutumuwhenua wharenui), Ōrāei <ref name="tkmentry"/> == Tashar rediyo == Ake 1179 ita ce tashar rediyo ta hukuma ta Ngāti Whātua, amma ba a hukumance wani ɓangare ne na Cibiyar rediyo ta iwi ba.<ref name="irirangi">{{Cite web |title=Listen Online |url=http://www.irirangi.net/listen-online.aspx |access-date=28 April 2015 |website=Irirangi |publisher=Te Whakaruruhau o Nga Reo Irirangi Māori}}</ref> Yana watsa shirye-shirye a kan 1179 AM a [[Auckland]], kuma yana nuna haɗuwa da kiɗa na zamani na birane da labarun gargajiya. == Shahararrun mutane == * Dame Naida Glavish, 'yar siyasa kuma shugabar al'umma * Joe Hawke, ɗan siyasa kuma ɗan kasuwa * Josh Hohneck, ɗan wasan ƙungiyar rugby * Erana James, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo * Hugh Kāwharu, shugaban kuma masanin kimiyya * Merata Kawharu, marubuciya kuma masanin kimiyya * Graham Latimer, tsohon shugaban majalisar Māori * Manos Nathan, masanin tukwane * Paraire Karaka Paikea, ɗan siyasa kuma ministan coci * Ōtene Pāora, shugaban Māori kuma mai tattaunawar ƙasa * Tame Te Rangi, ma'aikacin gwamnati kuma mai sharhi kan wasanni * Ngapipi Reweti, mai tattaunawar ƙasa * Āpihai Te Kawau, shugaban ƙabilar * Pāora Tūhaere, shugaban ƙabilar * Diane Prince, mai zane, mai saƙa da mai tsarawa * [[Sir William Richard Wright]], mai sulhu da yarjejeniya kuma memba na New Zealand Order of Merit == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [https://ngatiwhatua.iwi.nz/ Te Rūnanga ko Ngāti Whātua] * [http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/ngati-whatua Ngāti Whātua], ''Te Ara - Encyclopedia na New Zealand'' * [http://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/waitangi-tribunal/resources/teaching-aids/resource-kits/orakei Kayan aiki na Orakei] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619214217/http://www.justice.govt.nz/tribunals/waitangi-tribunal/resources/teaching-aids/resource-kits/orakei |date=2016-06-19 }}, Kotun Waitangi qqhzmac4ha83iy4ol2bz275x3jf1j2o 0 87339 905348 875723 2026-08-21T01:36:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yellow Chili''' ya kasance sanannen gidan cin abinci ne da mashaya a [[Victoria Island, Lagos|Tsibirin Victoria]], [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], wanda ya ƙware kan abinci na gargajiya [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] da na Nahiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-09 |title=10 Great Restaurants in Lagos Mainland |url=http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/ |access-date=November 1, 2014 |website=Travel Start |archive-date=2014-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101190132/http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Feeding in Lagos |url=http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html |access-date=November 4, 2014 |website=NAPE |archive-date=November 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104235712/http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Restaurants in Lagos |url=http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Colorado/Lagos/Restaurants |access-date=November 7, 2014 |website=World Travels |archive-date=November 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107051944/http://www.wordtravels.com/Cities/Colorado/Lagos/Restaurants |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana da wani wuri a [[Ikeja]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-09 |title=10 Great Restaurants in Lagos Mainland |url=http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/ |access-date=November 1, 2014 |website=Travel Start |archive-date=2014-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101190132/http://www.travelstart.com.ng/blog/10-great-restaurants-lagos-mainland/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani da kayan ado == Kowace reshe tana zaune a kan bene biyu. Gidan bene na reshen [[Tsibirin Victoria, Lagos|tsibirin Victoria]] ya kasu kashi biyu na manyan wuraren cin abinci waɗanda ke haifar da karamin wurin zama; bene na sama ya ƙunshi matakai biyu na wurin zama. Ƙananan bene na reshen GRA ya ƙunshi babban wurin zama wanda ke da ƙananan wuraren zama guda biyu a kowane gefe. An kafa bene na sama a matsayin wurin zama da mashaya. Har ila yau, akwai ɗakin cin abinci mai zaman kansa a bene na ƙasa, da kuma wurin zama na lambu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lagos – Home to many stylish and trendy restaurants in Nigeria |url=http://www.farebuzz.com/updates/lagos-home-to-many-stylish-and-trendy-restaurants-in-nigeria.aspx#.VFw5yvnF_84 |access-date=November 7, 2014 |website=Fare Buzz |archive-date=November 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107062452/http://www.farebuzz.com/updates/lagos-home-to-many-stylish-and-trendy-restaurants-in-nigeria.aspx#.VFw5yvnF_84 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Feeding in Lagos |url=http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html |access-date=November 4, 2014 |website=NAPE |archive-date=November 4, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104235712/http://nape.org.ng/conference/hotel-travel/feeding-in-lagos.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2014 |title=Lagos' 10 Great Restaurants for a Taste of Nigerian Culture |url=http://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/lagos-10-great-restaurants-for-a-taste-of-nigerian-culture/ |access-date=November 1, 2014 |website=The Culture Trip }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=African City Tour: This is Lagos |url=http://issues.ayibamagazine.com/african-city-tour-this-is-lagos/ |access-date=November 7, 2014 |website=Ayiba |archive-date=November 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108195833/http://issues.ayibamagazine.com/african-city-tour-this-is-lagos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ocran |first=Nana |title=Lagos: Chaotic, frenzied, sometimes hazardous, but at least Lagos causes a reaction |url=http://www.timeout.com/travel/features/683/lagos |access-date=1 November 2014 |website=TimeOut}}</ref> == Manazarta == t503b3h51l95bwrsw5wnx9k57z23m6q 0 88660 905544 900723 2026-08-21T10:07:31Z Zahrah0 14848 905544 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} {| class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%" |Bidiyo na waje |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|link=|alt=video icon|16x16px]] [[iarchive:CostaRicaParadiseReclaimed|"Costa Rica: Aljanna ta dawo" ]], Bayanan Dan Janzen a cikin ''Halitta'', [[MacArthur Foundation|Gidauniyar MacArthur]] (WNET Television station: New York, NY, 1987) |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left" |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|link=|alt=video icon|16x16px]] "Spark: Heroes, sharhi na Rob Pringle", Day's Edge Productions, Disamba 29, 2016 |} '''Daniel Hunt Janzen''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta alif 1939, a Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]] <ref name="Interview">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Daniel H. Janzen Interview Summary |url=http://www.af-info.jp/better_future/html/vol_V/2014/Prof_Janzen/2014b_Janzen1.html |access-date=November 2, 2019 |website=Blue Planet Prize: A better future for the planet Earth}}</ref>) masanin ilimin juyin halitta ne na kasar Amurka kuma mai kiyayewa. Ya raba lokacinsa tsakanin farfesa a [[Biology|ilmin halitta]] a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda yake Farfesa DiMaura na ilmin halitta, da bincike da aikin gona a [[Costa Rica]]. Janzen da matarsa Winifred Hallwachs sun tsara bambancin halittu na Costa Rica. Ta hanyar shirin DNA barcoding, Janzen da masanin kwayoyin halitta Paul Hebert sun yi rajistar samfurori sama da 500,000 da ke wakiltar fiye da nau'in 45,000, wanda ya haifar da gano nau'in nau'in da ke kusa da kama da juna waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da kwayoyin halitta da yanayin muhalli. Janzen da Hallwachs sun haɓaka wasu ra'ayoyin da suka fi tasiri a cikin ilimin muhalli waɗanda ke ci gaba da tasiri ga bincike fiye da shekaru 50 daga baya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sheldon |first=Kimberly S. |last2=Huey |first2=Raymond B. |last3=Kaspari |first3=Michael |last4=Sanders |first4=Nathan J. |date=2018 |title=Fifty Years of Mountain Passes: A Perspective on Dan Janzen's Classic Article |url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/697046 |journal=The American Naturalist |language=en |volume=191 |issue=5 |pages=553–565 |doi=10.1086/697046 |issn=0003-0147}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Daniel H. Janzen |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zwSlbVwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao |access-date=November 29, 2023 |website=scholar.google.com |archive-date=December 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241228070810/https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zwSlbVwAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao |url-status=dead }}</ref> Janzen da Hallwachs sun taimaka wajen kafa Yankin Tsaro na Duniya na Guanacaste, daya daga cikin tsofaffi, mafi girma kuma mafi kyawun ayyukan sabunta mazaunin a duniya. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Daniel Hunt Janzen a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1939, a Milwaukee, [[Wisconsin]] . <ref name="Interview"/> Mahaifinsa, Daniel Hugo Janzen, <ref name="Interview" /> ya girma a cikin al'ummar noma ta Mennonite kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta na Hukumar Kifi da Kayan daji ta Amurka. Mahaifinsa da mahaifiyarsa, Miss Floyd Clark Foster na Greenville, South Carolina, sun yi aure a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1937. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 1937 |title=Changes Name |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1P3lG_3LtOUC&pg=RA5-PA99 |journal=The Survey |location=Washington, D.C. |volume=13 |page=99}}</ref> Janzen ya sami B.Sc. digiri a ilmin halitta daga Jami'ar Minnesota a 1961, da Ph.D. daga Jami'an California, Berkeley a 1965. == Ayyuka == A cikin 1963, Janzen ya halarci darasi na watanni biyu a cikin ilmin halitta na wurare masu zafi wanda aka koyar a wurare da yawa a duk faɗin [[Costa Rica]]. Wannan Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ci gaba a cikin Ilimin Halitta ta Tropical ita ce ta farko ga darasi na Tushen Halitta a cikin Ilimi na Tropical, wanda Janzen ya tsara don Ƙungiyar Nazarin Tropical (OTS), ƙungiyar jami'o'i da yawa na Arewacin Amurka da Costa Rican. Janzen ya koma a 1965 a matsayin malami kuma ya ba da lacca a akalla ɗaya daga cikin darussan shekara-shekara guda uku a kowace shekara tun daga lokacin. Janzen ya koyar a Jami'ar Kansas (1965-1968), Jami'ar Chicago (1969-1972), da Jami'ar Michigan (1972-1976) kafin ya shiga bangaren a Jami'an Pennsylvania . A can shi ne Farfesa DiMaura na Ilimin Kare Muhalli, da bincikensa da aikin gona a [[Costa Rica]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presentation by Tropical Biologist Dr Janzen |url=http://www.pennclubchicago.com/s/1587/gid2/16/interior_1col.aspx?sid=1587&gid=6&pgid=15218&crid=0&calpgid=2515&calcid=9700 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=Penn Club of Chicago}}</ref> Janzen ya kuma rike mukamai na koyarwa a [[Venezuela]] (Universidad de Oriente, Cumaná a 1965-66; Universidad de los Andes, Mérida a 1973), da kuma a [[Puerto Rico]] (Universidad of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, 1969). <ref name="Ciencias">{{Cite web |title=Daniel H. Janzen Académico Correspondiente |url=http://www.anc.cr/index.php/miembros/team/daniel-h-janzen |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Academia Nacional de Ciencias |archive-date=October 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024144022/http://www.anc.cr/index.php/miembros/team/daniel-h-janzen |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bincike == Ayyukan farko na Janzen sun mayar da hankali kan rubuce-rubuce masu kyau na jinsuna a Costa Rica, kuma musamman kan hanyoyin muhalli da ƙarfin hali da juyin halitta na hulɗar dabba da shuka.:{{Rp|426}} <ref name="Mitchell">{{Cite journal |last=Mitchell |first=John D. |last2=Daly |first2=Douglas C. |date=August 5, 2015 |title=A revision of Spondias L. (Anacardiaceae) in the Neotropics |journal=PhytoKeys |issue=55 |pages=1–92 |doi=10.3897/phytokeys.55.8489 |pmc=4547026 |pmid=26312044 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin 1967, alal misali ya bayyana ƙwarewar ƙudan zuma na nau'in ƙudan zume-shuke na Bignoniaceae, daga cikinsu "irin nau'in fure-fure", wanda Alwyn Howard Gentry a cikin rarraba fure mai suna Type 4 ko "babban bang" dabarun. Janzen ya gabatar da ra'ayoyi da yawa waɗanda suka yi wahayi zuwa ga shekaru da yawa na aiki ta hanyar masu ilimin muhalli na wurare masu zafi da na matsakaici (duba ƙasa). Miguel Altieri a cikin littafinsa Agroecology: The Science of Sustainable Agriculture ya ce: "Labarin Janzen na 1973 game da tsarin agroecosystems na wurare masu zafi shine kimantawa na farko da aka karanta game da dalilin da ya sa tsarin aikin gona na wurare masu wurare masu zafi zasu iya aiki daban da na yankuna masu matsakaici". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=D. H. |date=December 21, 1973 |title=Tropical Agroecosystems: These habitats are misunderstood by the temperate zones, mismanaged by the tropics |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284405310 |journal=Science |volume=182 |issue=4118 |pages=1212–1219 |doi=10.1126/science.182.4118.1212 |pmid=17811308 |s2cid=12290280 |access-date=November 2, 2019}}</ref> A shekara ta 1985, da fahimtar cewa yankin da suka yi aiki a ciki yana fuskantar barazana, Janzen da Hallwachs sun fadada mayar da hankali ga aikin su don haɗawa da sabunta gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, fadadawa (ta hanyar sayen ƙasa) da kiyayewa.<ref name="Pringle">{{Cite journal |last=Pringle |first=Robert M. |date=June 1, 2017 |title=Upgrading protected areas to conserve wild biodiversity |url=https://archive.org/details/nature-uk_2017-06-01_546_7656/page/91 |journal=Nature |volume=546 |issue=7656 |pages=91–99 |bibcode=2017Natur.546...91P |doi=10.1038/nature22902 |pmid=28569807 |s2cid=4387383}}</ref> Sun yi amfani da taimakon mutanen Costa Rica na gida, suna canza ƙwarewar aikin gona zuwa parataxonomy, kalmar da suka kirkira a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. Ya zuwa 2017, an gano wasu sababbin nau'o'i 10,000 a yankin Conservation Guanacaste godiya ga kokarin parataxonomists.<ref name=":0" /> Ta hanyar shirin DNA barcoding tare da masanin kwayoyin halitta Paul Hebert, sun yi rajistar samfurori sama da 500,000 da ke wakiltar fiye da nau'in 45,000, wanda ya haifar da gano nau'in nau'in da ke kusa da kama da juna waɗanda suka bambanta dangane da kwayoyin halitta da yanayin muhalli. <ref name="Davis">{{Cite journal |last=Davis |first=Tinsley H. |date=September 26, 2017 |title=Profile of Daniel H. Janzen |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=114 |issue=39 |pages=10300–10302 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1714623114 |pmc=5625942 |pmid=28893992 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Halloway">{{Cite web |last=Halloway |first=M. |date=July 29, 2008 |title=Democratizing Taxonomy |url=https://www.conservationmagazine.org/2008/07/democratizing-taxonomy/ |access-date=October 18, 2019 |website=Conservation magazine}}</ref><ref name="Hebert">{{Cite journal |last=Hebert |first=P. D. N. |last2=Penton |first2=E. H. |last3=Burns |first3=J. M. |last4=Janzen |first4=D. H. |last5=Hallwachs |first5=W. |date=2004 |title=Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator |journal=PNAS |volume=101 |issue=41 |pages=14812–14817 |bibcode=2004PNAS..10114812H |doi=10.1073/pnas.0406166101 |pmc=522015 |pmid=15465915 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Janzen da Hallwachs sun goyi bayan shirye-shiryen barcoding na jinsuna a matakin kasa da kasa ta hanyar Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio), CBOL (Consortium for the Barcode of Life) da iBOL (International Barcode of life). <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2017 |title=Koerner Lecture to examine conservation of wild biodiversity via biodiversity development |url=http://yfile.news.yorku.ca/2017/03/20/koerner-lecture-to-examine-conservation-of-wild-biodiversity-via-biodiversity-development/ |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=York University |archive-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017184941/http://yfile.news.yorku.ca/2017/03/20/koerner-lecture-to-examine-conservation-of-wild-biodiversity-via-biodiversity-development/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=D.H. |last2=Hallwachs |first2=W. |date=October 2, 2019 |title=How a country can DNA barcode itself |url=https://ibol.org/barcodebulletin/features/how-a-tropical-country-can-dna-barcode-itself/ |journal=Barcode Bulletin |publisher=IBOL |doi=10.21083/ibol.v9i1.5526 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Tunanin da ke da tasiri === Janzen an san shi da bayar da ra'ayoyin "da ke da ma'ana da ba na al'ada ba".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherratt |first=Thomas N. |last2=Wilkinson |first2=David M. |last3=Bain |first3=Roderick S. |date=February 25, 2006 |title=Why fruits rot, seeds mold and meat spoils: A reappraisal |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380005003753 |journal=Ecological Modelling |volume=192 |issue=3 |pages=618–626 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.07.030 |issn=0304-3800}}</ref> Wadannan ra'ayoyin sun sami digiri daban-daban na tallafi, amma sanannu ne saboda sun yi wahayi zuwa ga babban bincike mai ɗorewa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar da yawan ƙididdigar yawancin takardunsa na shekaru da yawa bayan an buga su.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Currie |first=David J. |date=2017 |title=Mountain passes are higher not only in the tropics |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ecog.02695 |journal=Ecography |language=en |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=459–460 |doi=10.1111/ecog.02695 |issn=0906-7590}}</ref><ref name=":2"/> Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun ra'ayoyin Janzen (daga takarda da aka fi ambatonsa) <ref name=":2"/> yanzu an san shi da Ra'ayin Janzen-Connell, kamar yadda Janzen da Joseph Connell suka gabatar da ra'ayi a cikin 1970-1971. Dukansu sun ba da shawarar cewa yawancin bishiyoyi masu zafi, a wani bangare, ga ƙwararrun abokan gaba da ke kai farmaki ga tsaba ko tsiro waɗanda ke kusa da itacen iyaye ko kuma musamman a taru, don haka hana kowane nau'in ya zama mai rinjaye.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=1970 |title=Herbivores and the Number of Tree Species in Tropical Forests |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/282687 |journal=The American Naturalist |language=en |volume=104 |issue=940 |pages=501–528 |doi=10.1086/282687 |issn=0003-0147}}</ref> Wani ra'ayi mai tasiri <ref name=":1"/> ya fito ne daga takardar Janzen ta 1967 'Me ya sa hanyoyin tsaunuka suka fi girma a cikin wurare masu zafi'. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=1967 |title=Why Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/282487 |journal=The American Naturalist |language=en |volume=101 |issue=919 |pages=233–249 |doi=10.1086/282487 |issn=0003-0147}}</ref> Ya ba da shawarar cewa duwatsu masu zafi sun fi zama shingen ga rarraba jinsuna fiye da duwatsu masu matsakaici saboda jinsunan wurare masu zafi ba su da ikon jure canje-canje a zafin jiki tare da tsawo, bayan sun samo asali kuma sun rayu a cikin yanayi mai ɗorewa. A cikin takarda ta 1977 'Me ya sa 'ya'yan itace suka ruɓe, tsaba suka yi kama, da nama sun lalace', <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=1977 |title=Why Fruits Rot, Seeds Mold, and Meat Spoils |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2460325 |journal=The American Naturalist |volume=111 |issue=980 |pages=691–713 |issn=0003-0147 |jstor=2460325}}</ref> Janzen ya ba da shawarar cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna ba da abinci mai ban sha'awa (ko aƙalla mai ban shaʼawa) ga ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin ba kamar yadda samfurin ƙwayoyin halitta ko samfuran sharar haɗari ba, amma a matsayin dabarun juyin halitta don kawar da masu amfani da ƙwayoyin ruwa da kansu. Shaida ta gauraye, kuma yana da wahala a gwada ko mahadi sun samo asali ne don hana wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ko dabbobi, amma an haɗa ra'ayin a cikin nazarin dabbobi masu cin abinci daga mutane zuwa dinosaur.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Speth |first=John D. |last2=Eugène |first2=Morin |date=October 27, 2022 |title=Putrid Meat in the Tropics: It Wasn't Just For Inuit |url=https://paleoanthropology.org/ojs/index.php/paleo/article/view/114 |journal=PaleoAnthropology |language=en |volume=2022 |issue=2 |doi=10.48738/2022.iss2.114 |issn=1545-0031}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kane |first=Adam |last2=Healy |first2=Kevin |last3=Ruxton |first3=Graeme D. |date=February 1, 2023 |title=Was Allosaurus really predominantly a scavenger? |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380022003453 |journal=Ecological Modelling |volume=476 |pages=110247 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110247 |issn=0304-3800}}</ref> === Coevolution na shuke-shuke da dabbobi === * Coevolution na tsarin mutualistic a cikin New World tropics tsakanin nau'in ''[[Bagaruwa|Acacia]]'' (Mimosoideae; Leguminosae), v. gr. , ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id= Acacia]''_cornigera" id="mwrg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="''Acacia'' cornigera">Acacia cornigera, da tururuwa ''Pseudomyrmex ferruginea'' ([[Tururuwa|Formicidae]]). Acacia spp a cikin Neotropics ana kare su da tururuwa daga defoliation; saboda wannan, ana ba da lada ga tururuwa ta hanyar gabobin musamman da ilimin lissafi wanda Acacia ya samo asali. : 426 {{Rp|426}} * Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) ya rasa masu watsa tsaba na megafauna a cikin Pleistocene. Tsakanin wuta a cikin makiyaya masu budewa da cinyewar iri ta bruchid beetles a cikin gandun daji mai rufewa, ''S. mombin'' ba ya da dama. Amma, a yau, a Guanacaste, tsaba suna watsar da White-tailed deer (''Odocoileus virginianus'') da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa 15, waɗanda ke ciyar da su galibi a gefen gandun daji, inda bruchids ba su da damar samun tsaba da wuta.<ref name="Mitchell"/> === Maido da mazaunin wurare masu zafi === dazuzzuka masu bushewa sune tsarin halittu mafi barazana a duniya. A tsakiyar Amurka akwai 550 000 km² na gandun daji a farkon karni na 16; a yau, ƙasa da 0.08% (440 km²) ya kasance. &nbsp;&nbsp;An share su, an ƙone su kuma an maye gurbinsu da makiyaya don kiwon shanu, <ref name="Wilson" /> a cikin sauri a cikin shekaru 500 da suka gabata.<ref name="Burgos">{{Cite journal |last=Burgos |first=Ana |last2=Maass |first2=J.Manuel |date=December 2004 |title=Vegetation change associated with land-use in tropical dry forest areas of Western Mexico |journal=Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=475–481 |doi=10.1016/j.agee.2004.01.038}}</ref> In 1985, realizing that widespread development in northwestern Costa Rica was rapidly decimating the forest in which they conducted their research, Janzen and Hallwachs expanded the focus of their work. Janzen and his wife helped to establish the Area de Conservación Guanacaste World Heritage Site (ACG), one of the oldest, largest and most successful habitat restoration projects in the world. They began with the Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, which included {{Convert|100|km2|acres}} of pasture and relictual neotropical dry forest and {{Convert|230|km2|acres}} of marine habitat.<ref name="Pringle"/> This eventually became the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, located just south of the Costa Rica-[[Nicaragua]] border, between the Pacific Ocean and the Cordillera de Tilaran which integrated four different national parks. Together these house at least 15 different biotopes, viz (mangroves, dry forest and shrubs, ephemeral, rainy season, and permanent streams, fresh water and littoral swamps, [[Gandun Daji Na Yankuna masu Zafi|evergreen rain]]- and cloud forests...) and ca. 4% from world's plant, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and insects diversity, all within an area less than {{Convert|169,000|ha|acres}}.<ref name="Area">{{Cite web |title=ACG Biodiversity |url=http://www.gdfcf.org/content/where-we-work |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund}}</ref> It is one of the oldest, largest and most successful habitat restoration projects in the world. As of 2019, it consists of {{Convert|169,000|ha|acres}}.<ref name="Area" /> The park exemplifies their beliefs about how a park should be run. It is known as a center of biological research, forest restoration and community outreach.<ref name="Davis"/> Maido da mazaunin ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Ba wai kawai dole ne mutum ya yi yaƙi da daruruwan shekaru na lalacewar muhalli ba, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar canza tsarin ruwa, da wuya a kawar da makiyaya, ƙasa mai ƙuntata, bankunan tsaba masu ƙarancin manya da masu yadawa, yaduwar masu tsayayya da wuta da rashin jin daɗi daga tsoffin wurare masu zafi na duniya.<ref name="Gomiero">{{Cite journal |last=Gomiero |first=Tiziano |date=March 18, 2016 |title=Soil Degradation, Land Scarcity and Food Security: Reviewing a Complex Challenge |journal=Sustainability |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=281 |doi=10.3390/su8030281 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Har ila yau mutum yana fuskantar matsalolin canza al'ada wanda ya ci gaba da shi, ya amfana daga kuma zai iya zama mummunan tare da irin wannan tsarin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=van den Bergh |first=Jeroen C. J. M. |date=February 14, 2007 |title=Evolutionary thinking in environmental economics |journal=Journal of Evolutionary Economics |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=521–549 |doi=10.1007/s00191-006-0054-0 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="march">{{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=May 2000 |title=Costa Rica's Area de Conservación Guanacaste: A long march to survival through non-damaging biodevelopment |url=https://www.studocu.com/en/document/university-of-pennsylvania/humans-and-their-environments/other/a-long-march-to-survival-through-non-damaging-biodevelopment/727759/view |journal=Biodiversity |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=7–20 |doi=10.1080/14888386.2000.9712501 |s2cid=129440404 |access-date=2024-12-07 |archive-date=2019-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024153423/https://www.studocu.com/en/document/university-of-pennsylvania/humans-and-their-environments/other/a-long-march-to-survival-through-non-damaging-biodevelopment/727759/view |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda wannan dalili an yi la'akari da ACG a matsayin aikin sabunta al'adu, wanda, don bayyana takwaransa na halitta, ya kamata a girma. ACG ta haɗa matakai masu dacewa na gwaji, Maido da mazaunin da ci gaban al'adu.: 89-91 Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su sun hada da: * Maidowa mai aiki, watsawar wucin gadi na propagules daga nau'ikan shuke-shuke na asali zuwa wuraren zama na Guanacaste : 57, 73{{Rp|57,73}} * Maidowa ta hanyar wuta, rigakafin farauta da kuma kula da masu cin ganyayyaki <ref name="Derroire" />: 33, 73{{Rp|33,73}} * Ilimi na muhalli da wayar da kan jama'a :{{Rp|275}} <ref name="Cruz">{{Cite journal |last=Cruz |first=R. E. |last2=Blanco Segura |first2=R. |date=2010 |title=Developing the Bioliteracy of School Children for 24 Years: A Fundamental Tool for Ecological Restoration and Conservation in Perpetuity of the Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica |url=https://www.muse.jhu.edu/article/382395 |journal=Ecological Restoration |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=193–198 |doi=10.3368/er.28.2.193 |s2cid=219193472 |access-date=October 18, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Kazmier">{{Cite web |last=Kazmier |first=Robin |date=June 15, 2017 |title=The Parataxonomist Revolution: How a Group of Rural Costa Ricans Discovered 10,000 New Species |url=https://cmsw.mit.edu/parataxonomist-revolution-group-rural-costa-ricans-discovered-10000-new-species/ |website=Comparative Media Studies: Science Writing}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Janzen ta auri masanin ilimin muhalli Winifred Hallwachs, wanda kuma shine abokin aikinsa na bincike akai-akai. Game da Hallwachs, Janzen ya ce, "Mun yi waɗannan abubuwa tare," :{{Rp|134}}-136 da "mun kasance tare sosai wajen fahimtar abubuwa iri ɗaya....Tun da ni memba ne na murya, ana danganta shi da ni. Amma zan ce waɗannan ra'ayoyi da jagororin da tunani da ayyuka suna da sauƙin hamsin da hamsin. " <ref name="Allen" />: 134 == Kyaututtuka na girmamawa == Janzen ya kasance mai karbuwa sau da yawa a Amurka, da kuma a Turai da Latin Amurka; an saka hannun jari na waɗannan kyaututtuka a cikin asusun amincewa na ACG ko wani daga cikin ayyukan kiyayewa a Costa Rica. Kyaututtuka da bambance-bambance da Janzen ya samu sun hada da: * 1975, Kyautar Henry Allan Gleason, Botanical Society of AmericaKamfanin Botanical Society of America * 1984, Kyautar Crafoord: Ilimin muhalli na juyin halitta. Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Royal Sweden<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Crafoord Prize 1984 – in ecology |url=https://www.crafoordprize.se/press_release/the-crafoord-prize-1984-in-ecology |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=The Crafoord Prize}}</ref> * 1985, Kyautar Koyarwa ta Musamman, Jami'ar Pennsylvania * 1987, The Berkeley Citation for Distinguished Achievement and Notable Service to the University, Jami'ar California, Berkeley<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berkeley Citation – Past Recipients |url=https://awards.berkeley.edu/berkeley-citation/recipients |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Berkeley Awards}}</ref> * 1987, Hijo Ilustre de Guanacaste (wanda Gwamnan Lardin Guanacaste ya ba shi) <ref name="Ciencias"/> * 1987, Rubuce-rubucen girmamawa na Duniya 500, UNEP <ref name="Allen" /> * 1989, MacArthur Fellowship <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet the 1989 MacArthur Fellows |url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/august-1989/ |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=MacArthur Foundation |archive-date=October 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024200731/https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/august-1989/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1989, Kyautar Leidy, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Halitta ta Philadelphia <ref name="PANSP">{{Cite journal |date=June 2007 |title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients |journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |publisher=The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia |volume=156 |issue=1 |pages=403–404 |doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=198160356}}</ref> * 1991, Kyautar Majalisar Wanda ta Kafa, Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi * 1992, memba, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel H. Janzen |url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/62032.html |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> * 1993, Kyautar Inganta Ingancin Rayuwa na Costa Rican, Universidad de Costa Rica (kyautar tare da W. Hallwachs). * 1994, lambar yabo ta azurfa, International Society of Chemical Ecology . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The ISCE Silver Medal Award |url=https://www.chemecol.org/silvermedal.shtml |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=International Society of Chemical Ecology |archive-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116012831/https://chemecol.org/silvermedal.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1995, Kyautar Sabis ta Duniya, Society for Conservation Biology <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past SCB Award Recipients |url=https://conbio.org/professional-development/service-awards/past-recipients |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Society for Conservation Biology}}</ref> * 1996, Dokta na girmamawa na Kimiyya, Jami'ar Minnesota . <ref>{{Cite web |title=University Awards and Honors |url=http://uawards.dl.umn.edu/honorary-degree/honorary-degree-recipients |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024349/http://uawards.dl.umn.edu/honorary-degree/honorary-degree-recipients |archive-date=February 15, 2018 |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=University of Michigan}}</ref> * 1996, Thomas G. da Louise E. DiMaura sun ba da kujerar kujerar, Jami'ar Pennsylvania <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chairs in SAS: A Baker's Dozen |url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/v43/n08/saschair.html |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> * 1997, Kyautar Kyoto (Fasahar Kimiyya ta asali), Gidauniyar Inamori <ref name="Fishman" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Hunt Janzen |url=https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/daniel_hunt_janzen/ |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Kyoto Prize}}</ref> * 2002, Albert Einstein World Award of Science, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130701141648/http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/index.php Majalisar Al'adu ta Duniya], ([[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Einstein World Award of Science 2002 |url=http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners-science-danieljanzen.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607005538/http://www.consejoculturalmundial.org/winners-science-danieljanzen.php |archive-date=June 7, 2014 |access-date=August 13, 2013}}</ref> * 2002, Mai Girma na Ƙungiyar Kula da Halitta (da Tsaro) (ATBC) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honorary Fellow, ATBC 2002, Dr. Daniel H. Janzen |url=https://tropicalbiology.org/honorary-fellows-atbc-2002-dr-daniel-h-janzen/ |access-date=October 24, 2019 |website=Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation}}</ref> * 2006, Winner, National Outdoor Book Awards (NOBA), don ''100 Caterpillars: Hotuna daga dazuzzuka na Tropical na Costa Rica'' (2006), Design & Artistic Merit Category.<ref name="NOBA">{{Cite web |title=Design & Artistic Merit Category: National Outdoor Book Awards (NOBA) |url=http://www.ronwatters.com/BkNobaDA.htm |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=The Guide to Outdoor Literature}}</ref> * 2011, BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award of Ecology and Conservation Biology don aikinsa na farko a cikin ilimin muhalli na wurare masu zafi da kuma gudummawarsa ga kiyaye yanayin halittu na wurare masu haɗari a duk duniya, yana amfani da fahimtar hulɗar shuka da dabbobi. Janzen ya amince da rawar da matarsa da abokin bincike na dogon lokaci, masanin ilimin muhalli Winnie Hallwachs, ya taka rawar da aka sani.<ref name="Ibol">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Daniel Janzen honoured with BBVA Foundation award |url=http://www.ibol.org/phase1/daniel-janzen-honoured-with-bbva-foundation-award/ |access-date=July 16, 2019 |website=International Barcode of Life}}</ref> * 2013, [[Wege Foundation|Gidauniyar Wege]] ta ba da tallafin dala miliyan 5 ga Asusun Kula da dazuzzuka na Guanacaste (GDFCF), wanda Dan Janzen da Winnie Hallwachs suka kafa a shekarar 1997.<ref name="WEGE">{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2013 |title=Wege Foundation announces $5 million grant to help protect northwestern Costa Rica |url=https://ega.org/highlight/wege-foundation-announces-5-million-grant-help-protect-northwestern-costa-rica |access-date=July 16, 2019 |website=Environmental Grantmakers Association}}</ref> * 2014, Blue Planet Prize, daga Asahi Glass Foundation <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2019 |title=2019 Blue Planet Prize: Announcement of Prize Winners |url=https://www.af-info.or.jp/en/blueplanet/doc/prof/2019profile-eng.pdf |access-date=October 17, 2019 |website=The Asami Glass Foundation}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Daidaitawar muhalli * Ra'ayin Janzen-Connell == Littattafai == Wadannan sune zaɓin wallafe-wallafen Janzen waɗanda ba a lissafa su ba. *   *   * {{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=September 1966 |title=Coevolution of Mutualism Between Ants and Acacias in Central America |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_1966-09_20_3/page/249 |journal=Evolution |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=249–275 |doi=10.2307/2406628 |jstor=2406628 |pmid=28562970}} * {{Cite journal |last=Janzen |first=Daniel H. |date=1985 |title=Spondias mombin is culturally deprived in megafauna-free forest |journal=Journal of Tropical Ecology |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=131–155 |doi=10.1017/S0266467400000195 |jstor=2559336 |s2cid=86663441}} *   == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Costa Rica: Aljanna da aka dawo da ita, Bayanan Dan Janzen a cikin ''Halitta'', Gidauniyar MacArthur, WNET (Tarihin Talabijin: New York, NY, 1987) * [https://www.bio.upenn.edu/people/daniel-janzen Shafin koyarwa a Jami'ar Pennsylvania] {{Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2lyu2t9ctbcmnp0pyswa4dmss4l6pj1 0 91299 905591 648632 2026-08-21T11:37:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hip hop na kasar Tanzania'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_hip-hop</ref> Hip-hop na [[Tanzaniya]], wanda wasu da yawa ke kiran Bongo Flava da yawa a wajen al'ummar hip hop na Tanzaniya, ya ƙunshi nau'ikan sautuka iri-iri, amma an san shi musamman ga manyan riffs na synth riffs da kuma haɗakar pop ɗin Tanzaniya.<ref>https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/74118</ref> Akwai wasu muhawara game da ko Bongo Flava, wanda ya fito a matsayin ƙayyadaddun motsi na pop, zai iya zama ainihin cancanta a ƙarƙashin kalmar "hip hop" kuma ba motsi ga kanta ba, lokacin da aka fara haɓaka sauti mai mahimmanci wanda ya bambanta da shi. Hardcore rap ko, alal misali, Maasai Hip hop na X Plastaz, waɗanda ke amfani da al'adar kabilar Maasai a matsayin wurin mai da hankali don sauti da salon su. Hip hop na Tanzaniya ya rinjayi sautin nau'in Bongo Flava. Yayin da hop hop na Tanzaniya ke riƙe da yawa daga cikin abubuwan da ake samu a cikin hip hop a duniya ta fuskar sauti da waƙoƙi, Bongo flava, wanda aka samo daga kalmar Swahili "ubongo" (ma'anar ƙwaƙwalwa), ya haɗa da hip hop, fina-finan Indiya, taraab, muzik wa dansi, da Dancehall ya doke.. Dukkan ya fara ne a cikin 1980s lokacin da matasan Tanzaniya suka kasance da sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na hip hop na Amurka. Da farko, sun ɗauki bugun Amurka suna yi musu fyade. Yayin da matasan suka yi raye-raye, hip hop a Tanzaniya ya fara haɓaka zuwa gaurayawan yanayin wasan hip hop na gargajiya da na gida. Sakamakon haka, ya fara nuna sha'awa daga wasu mutane a Gabashin Afirka.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261143000003548</ref> == Bongo Flava == Etymology na sunan "Bongo" na Bongo Flava ya fito ne daga Kiswahili yawanci yana nufin kwakwalwa, rashin ladabi, wayo amma kuma yana iya nufin rashin fahimta. Flava shine kiswahili don Flavour. Ubongo kalma ce da aka fara amfani da ita, kuma a Tanzaniya har yanzu ana amfani da ita, don birnin Dar es Salaam. A wajen Tanzaniya, Ubongo galibi yana nufin Tanzaniya. Ubongo a matsayin kalma ya samo asali ne daga jawabin da shugaba Nyerere ya yi a karshen shekarun 70s a cikin wani mawuyacin lokaci da ya biyo bayan tashin hankalin duniya na shekarun 70 da yakin Kagera da [[Uganda]]. Mwalimu Nyerere ya yi magana cewa al'ummar da ke amfani da kwakwalwa (ta yin amfani da Kiswahili Ubongo don Brainland) ne kawai za su iya, kuma za su shawo kan matsalolin da Tanzaniya ke fuskanta. Abin baƙin ciki, al'amura sun ƙara tsananta ga Tanzaniya, kuma a farkon 1980's Dar es Salaam yana kiran kanta da sunan Jua Kali (zafi na rana/duniya tana jujjuyawa) amma kuma Ubongo. Ana amfani da kalmar Ubongo a matsayin wata hanya mai wayo don faɗin duka biyun, rayuwa a Dar es Salaam na buƙatar ƙwaƙwalwa da rashin ladabi, amma kuma yana cike da ɓacin rai.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bongoflava.com/history.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2008-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509155643/http://www.bongoflava.com/history.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1981, mawaki Remmy Ongala ya kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna Matimila. Kowane band yana da na musamman mtindo (salo/fashion) da Remmy Ongala ta band Matimila mai suna mtindo "Bongo". Remmy Ongala zai zama mawaƙin da ya fi shahara a ƙasar Tanzaniya, inda ya yi suna a duniya tare da mawaƙin Ingilishi Peter Gabriel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava:+Swahili+Rap+from+Tanzania |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2005-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051217023910/http://www.afropop.org/explore/album_review/ID/2604/Bongo+Flava%3A+Swahili+Rap+From+Tanzania |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Salon wakar Bongo Flava == An yi ta muhawara mai yawa kan ko Bongo Flava/Fleva dan Tanzaniya Hip Hop ne. Yayin da masana da 'yan jarida da yawa ke amfani da Bongo Flava da Hip Hop a ma'ana, yawancin masu fasahar Bongo Flava da Hip Hop sun bambanta. Bongo flava yana aro daga wasan hip hop na Tanzaniya, tare da saurin kade-kade da kari a cikin Swahili. Sunan "Bongo Flava" ya fito daga kalmar Swahili don kwakwalwa: ubongo. Bongo shine laƙabin Dar es Salaam. Yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar kwakwalwa don tsira a can. Ya samo asali akan lokaci, yana haɗa abubuwa na rap na Amurka, R&B, hip hop, tare da juzu'in Swahili na musamman. Dangane da al'adun {asar Amirka, wadannan al'adun suna siyasa, game da HIV, talauci, da cin hanci da rashawa, ko game da rayuwa, dangantaka, kuɗi, kishi, da soyayya. Bongo Flava cakude ne na wakokin Afrobeat da na larabawa, dancehall da bugun hip-hop, da wakokin Swahili.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzanian_hip-hop#cite_note-stylusmagazine.com-12</ref> Ya samo asali ne a cikin 1980s lokacin da matasan Tanzaniya suka fara yin raye-raye saboda yadda wasan kwaikwayo na hip-hop ya burge su a Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2008-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Da sauri suka ƙara nasu juzu'i da ɗanɗanon su ga kiɗan ta hanyar sanya shi tare da bugu, kari, da batutuwa. Salon ya zama sananne da sauri; shi ne nau'in kiɗan da aka fi siyar da shi a Gabashin Afirka, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2008-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ya riga ya yi nasara a [[Kenya]] da Uganda makwabta, kuma yana mamaye nahiyar Afirka kuma yana yaduwa zuwa sauran duniya. A shekara ta 2004, alamar rikodin Jamusanci Out Here Records ta fitar da CD ɗin da aka haɗa, Bongo Flava - Swahili Rap daga Tanzaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-01-13 |archive-date=2008-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102015009/http://www.outhere.de/index.php?goto=r3 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rikodin na mintuna 70 wanda ya ƙunshi masu fasaha ciki har da X Plastaz, Juma Nature, da Gangwe Mobb ya ji daɗin rarraba ƙasa da ƙasa. Lokacin da hip hop na Amurka ya fara ƙaura zuwa Tanzaniya, mawakan rap na gida za su yi amfani da fitattun waƙoƙin rap na Amurka, kawai suna saka waƙoƙin Swahili a madadin Ingilishi. Wannan jariri Bongo Flava salon da kuma shigo da hip hop na Amurka an fara runguma kusan kusan matasa manyan mutane waɗanda suka ga ya dace da bin salon Amurka.<ref>"Tanzanian Affairs" BONGO FLAVA". May 2005</ref>Ana kallon wannan sau da yawa a matsayin 'yan Tanzaniya suna dacewa da al'adun Amurka da salon kawai, suna danganta wannan da ra'ayin Amurkawa. A farkon 1990s, yayin da nau'in ke tasowa, an haifi ra'ayin 'Kiswacentric'. Masu zane-zane sun fara "zama" waƙar ta hanyar magance batutuwan Tanzaniya zalla kuma daga ƙarshe suna amfani da yaren Swahili, wanda shi kansa harshe ne mai tasirin duniya da yawa.<ref>Lemelle, Sidney J. "‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha." In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press.</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ya zama ya nuna daga Amurka hip na Amurka zuwa kwayoyin halittar ciki sau da yawa hada da beats na gida, kari, da sautuna. <ref>http://www.tzaffairs.org/?p=195</ref>Masu fasaha na Tanzaniya sun tabbatar da cewa ko da lokacin yin raye-raye cikin Ingilishi, za su kula da ma'anar Swahili a bayan waƙoƙin su. Ta hanyar yin raye-raye a cikin Swahili sun sami damar yin salon wasan hip-hop na kansu, yayin da har yanzu suna “ci gaba da kasancewa da gaske” bisa ka’idar Hip-Hop ta Amurka.<ref>The Language of the Young People: Rap, Urban Culture and Protest in Tanzania. Journal of Asian and African studies [0021-9096] Casco yr:2006 vol:41 iss:3 pg:229</ref> Wannan rap na Kiswacentric ya ci gaba da al'adar wakokin Swahili na yin amfani da wasan kalmomi, puns, da rhyme don bayyana kansa. Yawancin masu fasaha suna ƙoƙari su yi amfani da ra'ayoyin da al'adun Swahili a cikin waƙoƙinsu da salonsu maimakon sake haifar da al'adun pop na Amurka ko rap na gangsta.<ref>Lemelle, Sidney J. "‘Ni wapi Tunakwenda’: Hip Hop Culture and the Children of Arusha." In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 230-54. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press</ref> == Manazarta == 3x9kxqf65u7jyq8b38xovg9j93qgx1s 0 91975 905555 592365 2026-08-21T10:47:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helen Wong''' (1925-2012) ta kasance ƴar wasan tseren kasa da kasa ta Hong Kong da kuma wasan cikin gida. == Wasan bowls == Wong ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta waje ta 1977 a Worthing tare da Elvie Chok . Shekaru hudu bayan haka ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin 'yan wasa da kuma lambar azurfa a taron tawagar (Taylor Trophy) a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1981 a Toronto . A shekara ta 1985 ta lashe lambar yabo ta duniya ta uku lokacin da ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin sau uku a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 1985 a Melbourne tare da Sandra Zakoske da Rae O'Donnell .Wong won a gold medal Ta lashe lambar tagulla a gasar zakarun Asiya ta Pacific ta 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Pacific Championships Past Winners |url=http://www.worldbowls.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ASIA-PACIFIC-RECORD.pdf |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=World Bowls}}</ref> Wong ta buga kwallo a Craigengower CC Bowls Club kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta kasa sau bakwai a 1958, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1971, 1974 & 1978. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ladies Singles Title 1978 |url=https://www.hklba.org/eng/HKLBA/YearBook/HKLBA%20-%201978%20yearbook.pdf |publisher=Hong Kong Lawn Bowls Association}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekara ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary |url=https://hklba.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=453%3Aobituary-helen-wong-of-ccc-issued-on-27312&catid=86%3Ahklba-notice&Itemid=232&lang=en |publisher=Hong Kong Lawn Bowls Association |access-date=2025-01-26 |archive-date=2023-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001210549/https://hklba.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=453:obituary-helen-wong-of-ccc-issued-on-27312&catid=86:hklba-notice&Itemid=232&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] g1jv0uszyyteh5ap76396zl0h4szra0 0 93483 905506 592157 2026-08-21T08:39:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Harshen '''Mnong''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Pnong''' ko '''Bunong''') na dangin yaren Austro-Asiatic ne. Ƙungiyoyin Mnong daban-daban a [[Vietnam]] da ƙungiyar Pnong a [[Kambodiya]] suna magana da shi. == Rarraba == A Vietnam, ana kuma magana da Mnong a gundumomin Đăk Song, Đăk Mil, ĐăK R'L frequ, Krông Nu, Gia Nghĩa, da sauran wuraren da ke kusa da Lardin Đắk Nông (Nguyễn & Trương 2009). == Iri-iri == A cewar Ethnologue, akwai manyan yaruka huɗu: Tsakiya, Gabas da Kudancin Mnong (duk ana magana da su a Vietnam), da Kraol (wanda ake magana da shi a Cambodia). A cikin ƙungiyar yaren, membobin ba su fahimci wasu yaren ba. Masanin harshe Richard Phillips ne ya fara nazarin yaren Mnong a farkon shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language Family Trees |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=91045 |access-date=2008-01-07 |publisher=ethnologue.com}}</ref> Lê, et al. (2014:234-235) sun lissafa waɗannan rukuni na Mnong da wuraren da suka dace. * '''Mnông Gar''': a arewa maso yammacin Lâm Đồng Lardin da kudancin Lak Lake. * '''Mnông Nong''': a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông da [[Đắk Min District|Gundumar Đắk Min]] * '''Mnông Kuênh''': a cikin Gundumar Krông Pắk * Mnông Pré: galibi a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông da kuma [[Đắk Min District|Gundumar Đắk Min]], da kuma wasu a Lak Lake. * '''Mông Prâng''': ya warwatse a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông da [[Đắk Min District|Gundumar Đắk Min]], da kuma wasu a kudancin Lak Lake da Japan Đon, Gundumar Ea Súp. * Mnông Rlăm: a cikin Gundumar Lắk. Mutane da yawa suna da dangantaka ta kusa da mutanen Ê-đê. * '''Mnông Bu-đâng''': a cikin Đon, Gundumar Ea Súp * Mnông a cikin Gundumar Lắk. Mutane da yawa suna da dangantaka ta kusa da mutanen Ê-đê. Wasu kuma suna zaune a Gundumar Lạc Dương da Gundumar Đức Trọng na Lâm Đồng . * '''Mnông Bu Nor''': a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông da [[Đắk Min District|Gundumar Đắk Min]] * '''Mnông Dih Bri''': ƙananan jama'a a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông; Êa Krông . * '''Mông Đíp''': [[Đắk Min District|Gundumar Đắk Min]] da arewacin tsohuwar Lardin Sông Bé . * '''Mnông Biat''': ƙananan jama'a a tsohuwar Lardin Sông Bé . Yawancin suna zaune a kusa da iyakar Vietnam-Cambodia. * '''Mnông Bu Đêh''': a cikin tsohon Lardin Sông Bé da Lardin Đắk Lắk * Mnông Si Tô: rukuni na mutanen Czech (Mạ Tô) a cikin Gundumar Đắk Nông waɗanda suka zama masu haɗuwa da yawan mutanen Mnông ("Mnông-ized" mutanen Czech) * Mnông K"ah: wani rukuni na mutanen Ê-đê da suka warwatse a fadin Gundumar Đắk Nông, Gundumar Lắk, da Gundumar M'Đrăk waɗanda suka zama masu kama da mutanen Mnông ("Mnông-ized" mutanen Ê-ðê) * '''Mnông Phê Đâm''': ƙananan jama'a da ke zaune ne kawai a cikin Garin Quảng Tín, Gundumar Đắk Nông . Sauran ƙananan kabilun Mnong sun haɗa da '''Mnông Rơ Đe''', Mnông R"Ông, da '''Mnông K"Ziêng''' . Nguyễn & Trương (2009) sun rufe yarukan M'Nông masu zuwa. * M'Nông Preh * Kuênh * Yaren mutanen Ingila * M'Nông Nâr (Bu Nâr) * M'Nông Noong (Bu Noong) * M'Nông R'Lâm * M'Nông Prâng == Fasahar sauti == === Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" | !Labari !Alveolar !Palatal !Velar !Gishiri |- align="center" ! rowspan="4" |Plosive !<small>ba tare da murya ba</small> |p |t |c |k |ʔ |- !<small>da ake nema</small> |ph |th |ch |kh | |- !<nowiki><small id="mwqA">Domenal</small></nowiki> |mp |nt |ɲc |Yin wasan kwaikwayo | |- !<small>fashewa</small> |ɓ |ɗ | (Sai) | (Thirba) | |- ! colspan="2" |Hanci |m |n |ɲ |ŋ | |- align="center" ! colspan="2" |Fricative | | |Wannan | |h |- ! colspan="2" |Rhotic | |r | | | |- align="center" ! rowspan="2" |Kusanci !<small>fili</small> |w |l |j | | |- !<small>preglottal</small> |ʔw | |ʔj | | |} * Abubuwan da ke tattare da shi na iya bambanta a cikin yaruka. === Sautin sautin === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! !A gaba !Tsakiya !Komawa |- align="center" !Kusa |i iː |ɨ ɨː |u uː |- align="center" !Tsakanin |da kumaː |əː |o oː |- align="center" !Bude |ɛ ɛː |a aː |ɔː |} == Lambobin == Lambobin kwatankwacin da ke biyowa daga yarukan Mnong daban-daban sun fito ne daga Nguyễn & Trương (2009). {| class="wikitable" !Haske !Preh !Bu Noong !Bu Nar !Prâng !R'Lăm !Yaren mutanen Ingila !Kuênh |- |1 |Du, Ngoay, Hŏ |Muay |waay |da kyau |Yankin da ya dace da muei |da kyau |Gudanarwa |- |2 |mashaya |mashaya |ra'r |Barag |mashaya |mashaya |ta hanyar |- |3 |pees |pees |don |Catarin |Peys |pees | |- |4 |puăn |puăn |waam |puô |Yãbu, ƙãbu. |puon | |- |5 |prăm |prăm |Ka yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna |da kuma, dabbobin |prăm, pram |Ranar da aka samu |Snuwa |- |6 |prau | | |pro | | |- |7 |Ƙarƙashin |Ƙarƙashin |pops |Pŏh |Ƙarƙashin |Ƙarƙashin |Fes |- |8 |pham | | |pham | | |- |9 |dŭm, sĭn |Sĭn |chĭnh |ba tare da an yi amfani da shi ba |Yabon, |ba tare da an yi amfani da shi ba | |- |10 |Jirgin ruwa |Jirgin ruwa |Tallafawa |Joơt |măt |jơt | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa ==   == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Mnong Mnong a www.peoplesoftheworld.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075937/http://peoplesoftheworld.org/text?people=Mnong |date=2020-10-26 }} [[Category:Harsuna]] ctw2aibb7big8cyyek52fcm6tj7lsw8 0 93650 905143 839803 2026-08-20T17:08:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905143 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Enver Kazaz''' (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1962) masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen [[Bosnia da Herzegovina|Bosnian]] ne, mai sukar wallafe-wallo, marubuci, mai sharhi kan zamantakewar al'umma kuma mai tallatawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz |url=http://makdizdar.ba/tag/enver-kazaz/ |publisher=Fondacija Mak Dizdar}}</ref> Shi Farfesa ne na Centennial kuma shugaban sashen wallafe-wallafen Croatian a cikin sashen wallafen kwatankwacin Jami'ar Sarajevo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Enver Kazaz |url=http://www.ff.unsa.ba/index.php/bs/2014-12-15-22-37-13/148-prof-dr-enver-kazaz |publisher=University of Sarajevo |access-date=2025-02-23 |archive-date=2025-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214221353/https://www.ff.unsa.ba/index.php/bs/2014-12-15-22-37-13/148-prof-dr-enver-kazaz |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haife shi a ƙauyen [[Ilijaš]])" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kamenica (Ilijaš)">Kamenica, wani ɓangare na garin Ilijaš ga dangin Bosniak. Ya yi karatun adabin Slavic na Kudu a Jami'ar Sarajevo inda ya kammala a shekarar 1985. Ya sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Belgrade Faculty of Philology a 1991 tare da rubutun kan ruhun zamani a cikin waƙoƙin Musa Ćazim Ćatić.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nova pripovjedačka Bosna |url=http://www.sveske.ba/bs/content/nova-pripovjedacka-bosna |publisher=Sveske.ba |access-date=2025-02-23 |archive-date=2012-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308151106/http://www.sveske.ba/bs/content/nova-pripovjedacka-bosna |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, ya sami digirinsa na PhD daga Jami'ar Sarajevo tare da rubutun kan marubuta na Bosniak na karni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz: Bošnjački bosanski jezik |url=http://www.prometej.ba/clanak/drustvo-i-znanost/enver-kazaz-bosnjacki-bosanski-jezik-2611 |publisher=Prometej.ba}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bošnjački roman XX vijeka |url=https://www.knjiga.ba/bosnjacki-roman-xx-vijeka-k4443.html |publisher=Knjiga.ba}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafai ta Sarajevo daga 1986 zuwa 1992.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz biografija |url=http://penbih.ba/clanovi/enver-kazaz/ |publisher=Penbih.ba}}</ref> Ya kasance Farfesa na Centennial, shugaban sashen wallafe-wallafen Croatian da Nazarin Slavic tun 1996. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Warsaw . Ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa gidan wallafe-wallafen Zoro kuma wanda ya kafa kuma babban editan mujallar Lica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz biografija |url=http://penbih.ba/clanovi/enver-kazaz/ |publisher=Penbih.ba}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Jami'ar Sarajevo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uskoro počinje šesti Otvoreni univerzitet Sarajevo pod nazviom "Šta da se radi?" |url=https://www.radiosarajevo.ba/metromahala/teme/uskoro-pocinje-sesti-otvoreni-univerzitet-sarajevo-pod-nazviom-sta-da-se-radi/280285 |publisher=Radio Sarajevo}}</ref> Shi sanannen mai sharhi ne na zamantakewa da siyasa kuma mai fafutuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz: Dinastija Izetbegović u 2018. bi mogla otići s povijesne scene |url=http://avaz.ba/vijesti/bih/336655/enver-kazaz-dinastija-izetbegovic-u-2018-bi-mogla-otici-s-povijesne-scene |publisher=Dnevni avaz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz: Socijaldemokratija se vraća svojim osnovama i ljevica će biti ta koja će izvući zemlju iz kriza |url=http://www.prometej.ba/clanak/vijesti/enver-kazaz-socijaldemokratija-se-vraca-svojim-osnovama-i-ljevica-ce-biti-ta-koja-ce-izvuci-zemlju-iz-kriza-3641 |publisher=Prometej.ba}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Enver Kazaz: Izazovi nove ljevice |url=http://www.okruzenje.net/iz-mog-ugla/enver-kazaz-izazovi-nove-ljevice |publisher=Okruzenje.net |access-date=2025-02-23 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708021020/http://www.okruzenje.net/iz-mog-ugla/enver-kazaz-izazovi-nove-ljevice |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2017, ya sanya hannu kan sanarwar kan Harshen Harshen Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks da Montenegrins. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Derk |first=Denis |date=28 March 2017 |title=Donosi se Deklaracija o zajedničkom jeziku Hrvata, Srba, Bošnjaka i Crnogoraca |trans-title=A Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Serbs, Bosniaks and Montenegrins is About to Appear |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920235101/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/deklaracija-o-zajednickom-jeziku-iz-zagreba-donosi-se-30-ozujka-u-sarajevu-1159142 |archive-date=20 September 2017 |access-date=5 June 2019 |publisher=[[Večernji list]] |pages=6–7 |language=Serbo-Croatian |issn=0350-5006}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Musa Ćazim Ćatić - književno naslijeđe i duh zamani, Centar za kulturu, Tešanj 1997. * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga yaren Girka. * Antologija BH__ayr____ayr____ayr__ (wanda Ivan Lovrenović da Nikola Kovač suka rubuta) Alef, Sarajevo 2000. * Bošnjački roman XX vijeka, Naklada Zoro, Zagreb-Sarajevo 2004. * Neprijatelj ili susjed u__ilo____ilo____ilo__, Rabic, Sarajevo 2008. * Traži ya fito ne daga gare shi. Međunarodni centar za mir, Sarajevo 1996. (A bayyane yake cewa akwai abin da ya faru a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.) * Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * Rat i__hau____hau____hau__ , (wanda ya rubuta Ivan Lovrenović) Novi liber, Zagreb, 2009. * Unutarnji prijevodi, (wanda Davor Beganović ya rubuta), Naklada Ljevak-Karver, Zagreb-Podgorica, 2011. * Na razvalinama, Synopsis (Sarajevo, 2014).- (poezija) == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] lhsvidaxswtf4bdk0w9ykhf9jufhaah 0 94154 905350 742636 2026-08-21T02:51:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gidauniyar Red Elephant''' wani shiri ne na samar da zaman lafiya na farar hula wanda ke aiki don daidaito tsakanin jinsi da zaman lafiya ta hanyar ba da labari, bayar da shawarwari na fasaha, fasaha don kyau da kuma aikin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital. Kirthi Jayakumar ne ya kafa shirin a [[Chennai]], [[Indiya]], a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2013. A ranar 4 ga watan Yunin shekarar alif 2017, Kwamitin Kungiyoyin da ba na Gwamnati ba ne ya ba da shawarar Gidauniyar Red Elephant, don Matsayi na Musamman tare da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Non-Governmental Organizations Committee Recommends 46 Groups for Special Status, Defers Action on 48 in Third Day of Session {{!}} Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/ecosoc6839.doc.htm |access-date=2017-06-05 |website=www.un.org |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Gidauniyar Red Elephant sun ragu zuwa manyan tubalan guda biyar: === Labari === A cikin dogon lokaci, shirin yana da niyyar canza tunanin da kuma juyar da mutane zuwa ga daidaito, zaman lafiya da rashin tashin hankali. Fuka-fukan labarun suna kula da labarun waɗanda suka tsira, masu canzawa da ma'aikatan zaman lafiya a duk duniya don waɗannan labarun su haifar da aiki, tausayi da wayar da kan jama'a game da duniya. Gidauniyar ta ba da labaran masu gwagwarmaya da yawa, masu canzawa da waɗanda suka tsira, ciki har da Maya Azucena, Zak Ebrahim, Kamla Bhasin, Tabish Khair da [[Vaishnavi Sundar]] da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cry Love, Build Peace |url=http://www.redelephantfoundation.org/2015/11/cry-love-build-peace.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.redelephantfoundation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Making a Choice |url=http://www.redelephantfoundation.org/2015/08/making-choice.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.redelephantfoundation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Feminist Musings |url=http://www.redelephantfoundation.org/2015/05/a-man-who-rapes-is-far-more-dehumanized.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.redelephantfoundation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Addressing Xenophobia through writing |url=http://www.redelephantfoundation.org/2016/09/addressing-xenophobia-through-writing.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.redelephantfoundation.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Woman behind WMF |url=http://www.redelephantfoundation.org/2016/07/vaishnavi-sundar-women-making-films.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.redelephantfoundation.org}}</ref> === Alkalamin zaman lafiya === Gidauniyar ta sa labarun ta zama masu aiki ta hanyar gina tsarin karatun don magance batutuwan rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, tashin hankali a cikin sadarwa da aiki, da kuma magance bukatar wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali na jinsi. Wadannan darussan an yi su ne don dacewa da bukatun kowane al'umma, sannan ana amfani da su don gudanar da horo a makarantu, kwalejoji, kungiyoyin al'umma da wuraren aiki. Ana tsara shirye-shiryen ilimi na tushe a kan dandalin su, wanda ake kira ChalkPeace . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyond Violence |url=http://www.beyondviolence.org/blog.php?id=167 |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.beyondviolence.org |archive-date=2016-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013145008/http://www.beyondviolence.org/blog.php?id=167 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirin ChalkPeace ya sake kirkirar nau'ikan wasannin jirgi don koyar da dabi'u na daidaito da zaman lafiya, kamar: Macizai da Ladders, Guess Who, Pictionary, Taboo da Memory. === Fasahar Daɗi === Duk da yake burin ba da labari da ilimi / wayar da kan jama'a suna cikin dogon lokaci, shirin yana mai da hankali kan bukatar taimako, taimako mai hankali da goyon baya ga waɗanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali. Wannan ya karfafa haihuwar kayan aikin fasaha na kan layi wanda ke tsara ƙungiyoyin da ke ba da taimako na shari'a, likita, hanya, ilimi / aiki da 'yan sanda, motar asibiti da sabis na kwastomomi a duk sashes 196 a fadin duniya, wanda ake kira GBV Taimako. Har ila yau, suna kula da labarun cin zarafin kan layi ta hanyar Troll Register da cin zarafin makaranta da kwaleji ta hanyar Report a Bully . Rahoton Matasa ta Cibiyar Sadarwar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban ya ƙunshi #GBVHelpMap na Gidauniyar Red Elephant a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan mafita / ra'ayoyi 50 a duniya don cimma #SDG5 a kan #GenderEquality, kuma an kuma tsara shi musamman a matsayin Nazarin Shari'a a kan "The Era of Digital Accountability". Kungiyar ta kirkiro Saahas, sigar aikace-aikacen hannu na GBV Taimako.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Read the Report |url=http://www.youthsolutions.report/the-report |access-date=2017-01-31 |website=Youth Solutions Report |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211022937/http://www.youthsolutions.report/the-report |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kirthi Jayakumar ne ya tsara aikace-aikacen. === Shirin Gina Zaman Lafiya === The Building Peace Project wani shiri ne na kan layi mai zurfi wanda ya bazu sama da makonni takwas.[1] Masu halarta daga ko'ina cikin duniya za su shiga cikin zaman da aka horar da su ta hanyar horar da masu ba da gudummawa ta amfani da tsarin karatun da aka kafa akan dabi'un ilimi na zaman lafiya, tattaunawa, rubutu da wasu tunani mai ƙarfi. Kodayake ya dogara ne akan tsarin karatun, zaman yana ba mahalarta [[ɗaki]], cin gashin kai da ƙarfafawa don bincika ƙwarewarsu ta hanyar kirkirar.[1] === Tallafin dijital === Shirin yana gudanar da kamfen ɗin kafofin watsa labarai na dijital waɗanda ke ba da dabarun hanyoyi guda biyu: haɗin kan layi da wayar da kan jama'a, da haɓaka tattaunawa da musayar kan layi. Wasu kamfen sun hada da: Fiye da Jikinta da Kashe Tsarin Jima'i. Har ila yau, muna shiga cikin kwanaki 16 na gwagwarmaya da VAW da He For She. Kamfen ɗin Break a Gender Stereotype ya sami lambar yabo ta Femvertising a cikin 2016 tare da Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a. Har ila yau, shirin ya yi aiki tare da tallafawa wasu kungiyoyi a kan kamfen ɗin su, gami da daya don yaƙi da daidaitawa na stalking a cikin fina-finai na Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Petition Urges Tamil Filmmakers To Stop Portraying Stalking As A 'Cool' Way To Woo Women |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/09/21/online-petition-against-stalking-tamil-cinema/ |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=Huffington Post India}}</ref> Sun kuma goyi bayan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin Kamfen din MyWorld ta hanyar tattara kuri'u ta amfani da shawarwarin kan layi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-18 |title=#REF4Women: Advocating for Women in Development through MY World 2015 |url=https://sdgactioncampaign.org/2014/08/18/ref4women-advocating-for-women-in-development-through-my-world-2015/ |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=UN SDG Action Campaign |archive-date=2016-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013144937/https://sdgactioncampaign.org/2014/08/18/ref4women-advocating-for-women-in-development-through-my-world-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shirin ya yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Chennai don taron watan alfahari a cikin 2016. Sun kuma goyi bayan kamfen ɗin Her Story Wikipedia Editathon a watan Agusta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2016 |title=Writing women into Wikipedia with the United Nations: the #HERstory editathons – Wikimedia Blog |url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/08/29/herstory-editathons/ |access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref>   [mafi kyawun tushe da ake buƙata] Kungiyar ta kuma wakilci a matsayin wani ɓangare na Kwamitin Jama'a a cikin zabar tambayoyi daga jama'a don tambayar 'yan takara da ke tsaye don ofishin Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inner City Press: Investigative Reporting from the United Nations |url=http://www.innercitypress.com/nextsg1qs041216.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.innercitypress.com}}</ref> Bugu da kari, shirin ya kuma sami nasarar gudanar da bincike don sanar da aikinsa. A waje, tushe ya goyi bayan martani na bala'i ta hanyar ba da taimako da tallafi ga al'ummomi daban-daban a lokacin girgizar ƙasa ta [[Nepal]], girgizar ƙasar [[Manipur]], da ambaliyar ruwa a Chennai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=After the rains |url=http://www.theweekendleader.com/Heroism/2331/after-the-rains.html |access-date=2016-10-13 |website=www.theweekendleader.com}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Gidauniyar Red Elephant ta lashe kyautar Femvertising a shekarar 2016 tare da Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a don kamfen din da ake kira Breaking Gender Stereotypes . Sun kuma kasance 'yan wasan karshe a cikin Social Media for Empowerment Awards 2017, a cikin rukunin Empowerment na Mata. Sun kasance 'yan wasan karshe a cikin Farko na Innovation Category don mBillionth Awards 2017 don aikace-aikacen wayar su, Saahas . <ref>{{Cite web |title=mBillionth Award South Asia {{!}} |url=http://mbillionth.in/mbillionth-finalists-2017/ |access-date=2017-08-14 |website=mbillionth.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidauniyar Red Elephant ta sami lambar yabo ta musamman ta NGO ta FICCI FLO a Chennai a watan Fabrairun 2018. Sun kuma lashe lambar yabo ta sa kai ta yanar gizo ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blog {{!}} UNV Online Volunteering service |url=https://www.onlinevolunteering.org/en/blog-posts |access-date=2018-03-24 |website=www.onlinevolunteering.org |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006200304/https://www.onlinevolunteering.org/en/blog-posts |url-status=dead }}</ref> Jerin kyaututtuka sune kamar haka: * Kyautar Zaɓin Jama'a, 2016 (Talla) * Wadanda suka kammala (Kwararrun Mata), 2017 (Media Media for Empowerment Awards, 2017 (DEF India)) * Wadanda suka kammala (Kayan Innovation na Farko), 2017 (Lambobin Miliyan, 2017 (DEF Indiya)) * Kyautar Kwadago ta Kwadago, 2018 (FICCI FLO, 2018) * Kyautar Sa kai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, 2018 (UNV, 2018) * Wadanda suka kammala (Ƙarfafawa Mata), 2018 (Media Media for Empowerment Awards, 2018 (DEF India)) * Kyakkyawan Kasuwancin Jama'a na shekara, FICCI FLO, (Fabrairu 2018) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-01 |title=FICCI FLO Chennai presents 'FLO Women Achievers Awards 2018' at Taj Club House, Chennai |url=http://www.ritzmagazine.in/ficci-flo-chennai-presents-flo-women-achievers-awards-2018-at-taj-club-house-chennai/ |access-date=2019-05-14 |website=Ritz Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> * Bayyanawa ta Musamman, sm4e Awards, DEF India (Afrilu 2018) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winner 2018 |url=http://sm4e.org/winner-2018/ |access-date=2019-05-14 |website=social media for empowerment |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308050646/http://sm4e.org/winner-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * mBillionth Awards, mBillionth (Agusta 2017) <ref>{{Cite web |title=mBillionth Award South Asia |url=http://mbillionth.in/mbillionth-finalists-2017/ |access-date=2019-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Kungiyoyin zaman lafiya da ke India]] 4fube3xi9pksq2et4bfr4g1s94gp3hp 0 95290 905314 897953 2026-08-20T22:06:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fredda Blanchard-Fields''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 19 ga watan Satumba, 1948 - 3 ga Agusta, 2010) farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Makarantar Fasaha ta Georgia. A matsayinsa na darektan "School of Psychology's Adult Development Laboratory", Blanchard-Fields ya jagoranci kokarin bincike wanda ke magance hanyoyin zamantakewa a rayuwar yau da kullun, daga balaga zuwa balaga. Sanin cewa bincike mai yawa na ilimin halayyar dan adam ya mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin da ƙwarewar fahimta a cikin manya ke raguwa tare da tsufa, Blanchard-Fields, a matsayin masanin ilimin tsofaffi, da abokan aikinta sun mayar da hankali ga binciken yankuna inda manya ke ci gaba da girma da bunkasa a duk tsawon rayuwarsu kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙwarewarsu a cikin zamantakewar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120106135950.htm|title=Why are older people happier?|date=2012-01-12|work=ScienceDaily|language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://hilite.org/archives/34103 HiLite Online | Students at this school are fueled to participate in community service activities<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314234657/http://hilite.org/archives/34103 |date=2014-03-14 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2003/12/31/golden-years-can-be-enriching/|title=Golden years can be enriching|last=Dembner|first=Alice|date=2003-12-31|work=tribunedigital-chicagotribune|language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Blanchard-Fields a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1948, a Santa Monica, California . Blanchard-Fields ta girma a California a mafi yawan rayuwarta inda ta halarci Jami'ar Jihar San Diego kuma ta sami digiri na farko daga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles . Ta sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin halayyar ci gaba a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne a shekarar 1983. Bayan aikinta na digiri a Jami'ar Wayne, ta shiga bangaren koyarwa a Jami'an Jihar Louisiana, inda ta koyar da shekaru 10 kafin ta shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia a 1993. Blanchard-Fields ita ce mahaifiyar 'ya'ya maza biyu.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2010-10-01 |title=Remembering Fredda Blanchard-Fields |url=http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2010/october-10/remembering-fredda-blanchard-fields.html |journal=APS Observer |language=en-US |volume=23 |issue=8 |access-date=2025-03-08 |archive-date=2016-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919123616/http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications/observer/2010/october-10/remembering-fredda-blanchard-fields.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta mutu daga matsalolin ciwon daji a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, 2010, a Atlanta. Tana da shekaru 61 kuma tana zaune a Atlanta tun 1993 a yankin Little Five Points . Kazalika da masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da kuma mai ba da shawara ga ɗalibai da malamai da yawa, Blanchard-Fields ya kasance matafiyi ne na duniya kuma mai rawa mai ƙwazo. == Ayyuka masu mahimmanci da nasarorin da aka samu == Farfesa ce a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam ce a Makarantar Fasaha ta Georgia, Blanchard-Fields ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin edita na mujallar Psychology and Aging tun daga shekara ta 2003, tare da kwarewar da ta gabata a matsayin edita da kuma memba na kwamitin edita tun daga shekara. Bugu da kari, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Distinguished Mentor Award na American Psychological Association a shekara ta 2005. Ta kasance memba na allon da yawa ciki har da Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Kimiyya na Duniya na Bremen, Kwamitin Gudanarwa na gaba a Binciken Tsufa, da Kwamitin ba da Shawara ta Tarayya don Gudanar da Tsaro na Amurka.<ref>Curriculum Vitae (2010). Fredda Blanchard-Fields. {{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.psychology.gatech.edu/blanchard_fields/CVs/CV.FBF_2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127202033/http://www.psychology.gatech.edu/blanchard_fields/CVs/CV.FBF_2010.pdf |archive-date=2012-01-27 |access-date=2011-12-14}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2007, Blanchard-Fields ta kasance Shugaban Kwamitin Bincike na Grant - Neuroeconomics da Tsuga, Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa. Har ila yau, tana da alaƙa ta sana'a tare da Ƙungiyar Psychological ta Amirka, Ƙungiyar Psychology ta Amirka, Society for Research in Child Development, Psychonomic Society, da [[Southeastern Center for Applied Cognitive Aging Research|Cibiyar Kudu maso Gabas don Binciken Tsufa]]. An nada Blanchard-Fields a matsayin Shugaban Makarantar Ilimin Halitta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia a watan Yunin 2009, bayan ya yi aiki na shekara guda a matsayin shugaban wucin gadi. == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * {{Cite journal |last=Blanchard-Fields |first=Fredda |year=1986 |title=Reasoning on social dilemmas varying in emotional saliency: An adult developmental perspective. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychology-and-aging_1986-12_1_4/page/325 |journal=Psychology and Aging |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=325–333 |doi=10.1037/0882-7974.1.4.325 |pmid=3267414}} * {{Cite journal |last=Watson |first=Tonya L. |last2=Blanchard-Fields, Fredda |date=1 September 1998 |title=Thinking with Your Head and Your Heart: Age Differences in Everyday Problem-Solving Strategy Preferences |journal=Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=225–240 |doi=10.1076/anec.5.3.225.613 |pmid=25233062}} * [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga Ibrananci da aka yi amfani da ita. Sanin zamantakewa da alaƙar zamantakewa. A cikin Lang, F., & Fingerman, K. (Eds.). Dangantaka ta Mutum a duk faɗin Rayuwa. New York: Cambridge. * {{Cite journal |last=Blanchard-Fields |first=Fredda |date=February 2007 |title=Everyday Problem Solving and Emotion: An Adult Developmental Perspective |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-directions-in-psychological-science_2007-02_16_1/page/26 |journal=Current Directions in Psychological Science |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=26–31 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00469.x |s2cid=145645352}} * {{Cite journal |last=Blanchard-Fields |first=F |last2=Mienaltowski, A |last3=Seay, RB |date=Jan 2007 |title=Age differences in everyday problem-solving effectiveness: older adults select more effective strategies for interpersonal problems. |journal=The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=P61-4 |doi=10.1093/geronb/62.1.p61 |pmid=17284559 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Blanchard-Fields |first=Fredda |last2=Coats, Abby Heckman |year=2008 |title=The experience of anger and sadness in everyday problems impacts age differences in emotion regulation. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_developmental-psychology_2008-11_44_6/page/1547 |journal=Developmental Psychology |volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1547–1556 |doi=10.1037/a0013915 |pmid=18999321}} * {{Cite journal |last=Stanley |first=Jennifer Tehan |last2=Blanchard-Fields, Fredda |year=2008 |title=Challenges older adults face in detecting deceit: The role of emotion recognition. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_psychology-and-aging_2008-03_23_1/page/24 |journal=Psychology and Aging |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=24–32 |doi=10.1037/0882-7974.23.1.24 |pmid=18361651}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] eukxj1ywwztg14pfgogidp9ysxk7ct3 0 96142 905351 731458 2026-08-21T03:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gifty Twum-Ampofo''' (an haife shi 11 ga Yuni 1967) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma tsohon ɗan majalisa ne na Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party . Tsohuwar ‘yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazabar Abuakwa ta Arewa a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|yankin Gabashin]] kasar Ghana. Ampofo ita ce mataimakiyar minista mai kula da jinsi, yara da kare zamantakewa a Ghana. <ref name="gog">{{Cite web |title=Deputy Ministers |url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924104720/http://ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/deputy-ministers |archive-date=24 September 2019 |access-date=2 August 2017 |publisher=Government of Ghana}}</ref> <ref name="yen">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2017 |title=List of Akufo-Addo's 50 deputy ministers and four news ministers |url=https://yen.com.gh/90398-list-akufo-addos-50-deputy-ministers-news-ministers.html |access-date=2 August 2017 |publisher=Yen Ghana |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108143328/https://yen.com.gh/90398-list-akufo-addos-50-deputy-ministers-news-ministers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="citi">{{Cite web |date=15 March 2017 |title=Akufo-Addo names 50 deputies, 4 ministers of state |url=http://citifmonline.com/2017/03/15/akufo-addo-names-50-deputies-4-ministers-of-state/ |access-date=2 August 2017 |publisher=Cifi FM Online |archive-date=8 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108143347/https://citifmonline.com/2017/03/akufo-addo-names-50-deputies-4-ministers-of-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="ghaweb">{{Cite web |date=20 February 2017 |title=Akufo-Addo picks deputy ministers |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/religion/Akufo-Addo-picks-deputy-ministers-511811 |access-date=2 August 2017 |publisher=Ghana Web}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Deputy Education Minister Supports Constituents |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/deputy-education-minister-supports-constituents/ |access-date=2020-07-19 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gifty Twum-Ampofo a ranar 11 ga watan Yunin 1967 a Kukurantumi, a yankin Gabashin Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=Gifty Twum-Ampofo,MP,Abuakwa North |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/personality-profiles/gifty-twum-ampofo-mp-abuakwa-north.html |access-date=2024-05-11 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ta samu GCE O LEVEL a 1986 da GCE A LEVEL a 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120233610/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta na da BSc. a Biology daga [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]] a 1997. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Twum-Ampofo, Gifty |url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/twum-ampofo-gifty/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Ghana MPS |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kara samun MBA a Strategic Management a 2018. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Ghana |url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=www.parliament.gh |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120233610/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=116 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma sami BSc a [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . == Sana'a == Ampofo ya kasance malamin kimiyya a makarantar Akosombo International School kafin ya zama dan majalisa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=myjoyonline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2016/March-1st/science-teacher-gifty-twum-ampofo-wins-abuakwa-north-npp-primaries.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126071009/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2016/March-1st/science-teacher-gifty-twum-ampofo-wins-abuakwa-north-npp-primaries.php |archive-date=2017-11-26 |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=www.parliament.gh}}</ref> Ta kasance Shugabar Sashen Kimiyya kuma Shugabar Jarabawa a Hukumar Kogin Volta . <ref name=":1"/> A halin yanzu ita ce mataimakiyar ministar ilimi mai kula da koyar da fasaha da koyar da sana’o’i. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=cotvet_admin – COTVET |url=https://cotvet.gov.gh/author/cotvet_admin/ |access-date=2020-12-08 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501101355/https://cotvet.gov.gh/author/cotvet_admin/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Siyasa == A watan Maris din 2016, ta tsaya takara tare da lashe zaben fidda gwani na ‘yan majalisar dokokin NPP na mazabar Abuakwa ta Arewa a yankin Gabashin Ghana bayan rasuwar Joseph Boakye Danquah-Adu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-01 |title=Science teacher Gifty Twum Ampofo wins Abuakwa North NPP primaries - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/science-teacher-gifty-twum-ampofo-wins-abuakwa-north-npp-primaries/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Afful |first=Henrietta |title=Female teacher wins NPP Abuakwa North primary |url=https://gbcghana.com/1.8738776 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=www.gbcghana.com |language=en}}</ref> Daga bisani ta lashe zaben mazabar Abuakwa ta Arewa da kuri'u 10,033, wanda ya zama kashi 89.60% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin Ghana na Freedom Party, Samuel Frimpong ya samu kuri'u 263 da ya samu kashi 2.35% na kuri'un da aka kada, sannan dan takarar majalisar dokoki na United People's Party, Isaac Kwarteng ya samu kuri'u 901.5% <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boateng |first=Kojo Akoto |date=2016-03-29 |title=NPP secures resounding victory in Abuakwa North by-election |url=https://citifmonline.com/2016/03/npp-secures-resounding-victory-in-abuakwa-north-by-election/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === zaben 2016 === A babban zaben Ghana na 2016, ta lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Abuakwa ta Arewa da kuri'u 17,838 wanda ya samu kashi 59.23% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Victor Emmanuel Smith ya samu kuri'u 11,754 wanda ya samu kashi 39.03% na kuri'un da aka kada sannan dan takara mai zaman kansa Adjei Danquah ya samu kuri'u 1.5. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |date=17 December 2014 |title=Parliament - Abuakwa North Constituency Election 2016 Results |url=http://thinkghana.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/88/index.php |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2023-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120175622/https://thinkghana.com/pages/2016/parliament/eastern/88/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> === zaben 2020 === A babban zaben Ghana na 2020, ta sake lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin mazabar Abuakwa ta Arewa da kuri'u 17,653 wanda ya samu kashi 53.2% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada, yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Charles Yeboah Darko ya samu kuri'u 15,551 da ya samu kashi 46.8% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=2020 Election - Abuakwa North Constituency Results |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/eastern/abuakwa_north/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM }}{{Dead link|date=March 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abuakwa North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report |url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/eastern-region/abuakwa-north/ |access-date=2023-01-20 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A zaben fidda gwani na ‘yan majalisar dokoki na shekarar 2024 na jam’iyyar NPP, Nana Ampaw Addo-Frempong ta sha kaye a yunkurinta na wakiltar jam’iyyar. Nana Ampaw ya samu kuri'u 222, inda ya zarce abokin takararsa wanda ya samu kuri'u 202 daga cikin sahihin kuri'un da aka kada. === Kwamitoci === Ita mamba ce a kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati sannan kuma mamba ce a kwamitin harkokin kasashen waje. <ref name=":1"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta yi aure da ‘ya’ya uku. Ita [[Kiristanci|Kirista ce]] kuma tana bauta a matsayin Methodist. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Twum-Ampofo, Gifty |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5510 |access-date=2020-07-19 |website=www.ghanamps.com |archive-date=2024-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927200708/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5510 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tallafawa == A cikin Disamba 2022, ta gabatar da kayan abinci ga mutane sama da 35,000 a mazabarta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-29 |title=Abuakwa Noth MP Gifty Twum-Ampofo supports constituents with foodstuffs |url=https://theindependentghana.com/abuakwa-noth-mp-gifty-twum-ampofo-supports-constituents-with-foodstuffs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120234521/https://theindependentghana.com/abuakwa-noth-mp-gifty-twum-ampofo-supports-constituents-with-foodstuffs/ |archive-date=20 January 2023 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=The Independent Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Magana == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Rukuni:Mata ƴan majalisar dokokin Ghana]] 4nn4felm4e221zktd1pwh0jdigdcw3u 0 97447 905202 891389 2026-08-20T18:54:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Faith Nakut''' wacce aka fi sani da '''''Nakut Faith Loru Chuna''''' 'yar siyasa ce 'yar ƙasar Uganda kuma mace 'yar majalisar dokokin Uganda mai wakiltar gundumar Napak a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda a ƙarƙashin inuwar jam'iyyar siyasa ta National Resistance Movement. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Julius |date=2024-01-17 |title=Napak Woman MP Nakut Faith led peace talks among Pian and Bakora {{!}} tndNews |url=https://tndnewsuganda.com/2024/01/17/napak-wmp-nakut-faith-led-peace-talks-among-pian-and-bakora/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=tndnewsuganda.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Waswa">{{Cite web |last=Waswa |first=Samson |date=2024-02-09 |title=Speaker Tayebwa calls for urgent meeting over MPs’ questionable dress code |url=https://www.pulse.ug/news/speaker-tayebwa-calls-for-urgent-meeting-over-mps-questionable-dress-code/mmtxyr3 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Inside government’s new Shs15 trillion plan for Karamoja |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-government-s-new-shs15-trillion-plan-for-karamoja-4685590 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development |url=https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811010732/https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=NAKUT FAITH LORU - UGLEADER |url=https://ugleader.com/leader/1017/nakut-faith-loru |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=ugleader.com}}</ref> == Ofishin siyasa == A cikin shekarar 2024,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Male |first=Julius |date=2024-01-17 |title=Napak Woman MP Nakut Faith led peace talks among Pian and Bakora {{!}} tndNews |url=https://tndnewsuganda.com/2024/01/17/napak-wmp-nakut-faith-led-peace-talks-among-pian-and-bakora/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=tndnewsuganda.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="Waswa"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-10 |title=Inside government’s new Shs15 trillion plan for Karamoja |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-government-s-new-shs15-trillion-plan-for-karamoja-4685590 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nabakooza |first=Shamim |date=2024-07-04 |title=Uganda: Museveni Leaves Legislators Grambling Over Govt Priority |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202407040045.html |access-date=2024-08-11 |work=Nile Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development |url=https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=Todwong Calls for Shared Responsibility in Karamoja's Development {{!}} National Resistance Movement |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811010732/https://www.nrm.ug/index.php/news/todwong-calls-shared-responsibility-karamojas-development |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0"/> ta umurci Ma'aikatar Lafiya da ta binciki ƙaruwar mace-macen mata masu juna biyu a yankin Moroto sakamakon mutuwar Sarah Nadiye, mace ta 12 da ta mutu a shekarar 2024 a yankin Karamoja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs raise concern over high maternal deaths in Karamoja – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/news-amp-updates/mps-raise-concern-over-high-maternal-deaths-in-karamoja/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=parliamentwatch.ug}}</ref> Ta roki majalisar dokokin Uganda da ta yi watsi da manufar ma'aikatar ilimi da ta bukaci dukkan malaman renon yara su sami digiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ateker Moroto FM Radio |url=https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Napak-woman-MP-urges-parliament-to-reject-policy-that-mandates-degrees-for-nursery-school-teachers-uB7oI/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=atekerfm.com |archive-date=2026-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260310070255/https://atekerfm.com/news-d/Napak-woman-MP-urges-parliament-to-reject-policy-that-mandates-degrees-for-nursery-school-teachers-uB7oI/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi tsokaci kan ƙarancin karatu a yankin Karamoja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Karamoja MPs fault govt on low literacy levels in region |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_165220 |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Our |date=2024-02-06 |title=NRM's Todwong urges Karimojongs on peace building |url=https://thecooperator.news/nrm-s-todwong-urges-karimojongs-on-peace-building/ |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The Cooperator News |language=en-US}}</ref> Faith Nakut kuma a halin yanzu tana aiki a Kwamitin Kuɗi, Kwamitin Kayayyakin Jiki, da Kwamitin Kula da Jama'a (Ƙananan Hukumomi) a Majalisar Dokokin Uganda. <ref name=":0"/> Ta kuma bayar da shawarar hana fataucin yara a yankin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon Faith Nakut – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/tag/hon-faith-nakut |access-date=2024-08-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda * Majalisar Uganda * gundumar Napak * National Resistance Movement == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Yanar Gizo na Majalisar Uganda] * [https://x.com/faithchuna1?lang=en Nakut Faith Loru Chuna on Twitter] * [https://www.signalhire.com/profiles/faith-nakut-chuna%27s-email/159606795 Imel & waya ta Faith Nakut Chuna] * https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=371336 * https://dailyexpress.co.ug/topics/faith-nakut/ == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n7sr7nqxa09ndw9bdn31vc9sul4soqz 0 97762 905246 642238 2026-08-20T19:43:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatemeh Behboudi''' ( Persian ; an haife shi a shekara ta 1985) <ref>{{Cite web |last=LensCulture |first=Fatemeh Behboudi |title=Fatemeh Behboudi |url=https://www.lensculture.com/fatemeh-behboudi-2 |access-date=2021-10-22 |website=LensCulture}}</ref> ɗan jarida ne mai ɗaukar hoto kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na Iran. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Hoto ta Duniya a cikin shekarar 2015, <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=2015 Fatemeh Behboudi CIS-HM-AJ {{!}} World Press Photo |url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2015/29523/1/2015-Fatemeh-Behboudi-CIS-HM-AJ |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref> lambar yabo ta Hotuna na Shekara ta Duniya a cikin 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Poy |url=https://poy.org/71/14/first_12.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923150234/https://poy.org/71/14/first_12.php |archive-date=2023-09-23 |access-date= |website= |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma ita mamba ce ta Hotunan Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Photograph |url=https://www.womenphotograph.com/ |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=Women Photograph |language=en-US}}</ref> Fatemeh ita ce mace ta farko 'yar kasar Iran mai ɗaukar hoto da ta lashe lambar yabo ta hoto ta 'yan jarida ta duniya a shekarar 2015. An fi saninta da ayyukanta na "Maman Haƙuri", <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 12, 2014 |title=in-iran-mothers-dream-of-missing-sons/ |url=https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/in-iran-mothers-dream-of-missing-sons/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=Lens blog New York Times |language=en-GB}}</ref> "Yaƙin Har yanzu Yana Raye" <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The war is still alive |url=http://theaftermathproject.org/project/war-still-alive |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website= |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=May 3, 2019 |title=Index |url=https://index.hu/nagykep/2019/05/03/war_is_still_alive_-_fatemeh_behboudi/?fbclid=IwAR2QX2LaO_z136BKw-JCAsXRFvooPGk2CQ8gZs5wme43lpd-2SpuNKdhFKM |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> "Life After shock" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home {{!}} Lumix Festival für jungen Bildjournalismus |url=https://lumix-festival.de/en/home/ |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=Lumix Festival für jungen Bildjournalismus |language=en-GB}}</ref> da "Lokaci Daya". <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Execution project |url=https://fatemehbehboudi.visura.co/one-moment |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Behboudi a [[Tehran]] a lokacin yakin Iran da Iraki . Duk yarinta ta kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin yaƙi da lalacewarsa, wanda ya zama mafi mahimmancin damuwa a cikin ɗaukar hoto. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=May 3, 2019 |title=index |url=https://index.hu/nagykep/2019/05/03/war_is_still_alive_-_fatemeh_behboudi/?fbclid=IwAR2QX2LaO_z136BKw-JCAsXRFvooPGk2CQ8gZs5wme43lpd-2SpuNKdhFKM |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Interview DOFOTO |url=http://www.dofoto.sk/en/2017/02/06/interview-with-fatemeh-behboudi/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619120046/http://www.dofoto.sk/en/2017/02/06/interview-with-fatemeh-behboudi/ |archive-date=June 19, 2018 |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Behboudi, bayan kuruciyarta ta yi zamanta a yankin da yaki da rikici ya wargaza, ta yi tambaya ta hanyar fasaharta me ya sa waɗanda yakin ya shafa ba za su sake zama mutum ɗaya ba ko kuma su koma kowane irin yanayi. Wannan hasashe mai ban tsoro, haɗe da mutuwar babban kawarta ya sa ta fara ɗaukar hoto. <ref name="fotoevidence.com">{{Cite web |title=FotoEvidence &#124; Documenting Social Injustice |url=https://fotoevidence.com/fotowitness-interview/fatemeh-behboudi-by-susann-tischendorf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001120147/https://fotoevidence.com/fotowitness-interview/fatemeh-behboudi-by-susann-tischendorf |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |access-date=April 10, 2023}}</ref> Behboudi ta yi karatun ɗaukar hoto a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Jami'ar Tehran (2005-2007) kuma ta fara ƙwararriyar ɗaukar hoto a 2007. Ta yi aiki da kamfanonin dillancin labarai na Iran da dama, kamar Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Jamhuriyar Musulunci, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Fars, Mehr News Agency, Borna, Isca News, Iqna, ''Jam-e jam'' jarida da kuma jaridar ''Donya-e-Eqtesad'' . Babban abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kan ɗaukar hoto shine game da wadanda yakin Iran-Iraki ya rutsa da su, al'adu, addini, <ref>{{Cite web |title="I've tried to prove that being a woman doesn't mean weakness": Fatemeh Behboudi on photographing Iran |url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/fatemeh-behboudi-mourning-for-hussain-iran-photography-030518 |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.itsnicethat.com |language=en}}</ref> da kuma rikice-rikice na halitta a Iran. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=June 2018 |title=Mehr News |url=https://en.mehrnews.com/news/134491/Works-of-Iranian-photographer-to-vie-at-Lumix-photo-festival |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website= |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=June 2, 2018 |title=IRNA NEWS |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/82932342/Iranian-photographer-to-compete-in-Lumix-photo-festival |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=IRNA}}</ref> Baya ga kasancewa daya daga cikin Hotunan da suka fi daukar hankali a harkar ɗaukar hoto da kuma musamman wajen ba da labarin illolin yaki a kan ƙasashen da abin ya shafa, Behboudi yana matukar sha'awar gibin jinsi a aikin jarida. A cikin wata hira da Susan Tischendorf, Behboudi ya bayyana cewa, "Babban matsalolin da mata masu daukar hoto a Iran su ne nuna bambanci tsakanin jinsi a cikin al'umma da kuma a wurin aiki, ƙananan adadin ayyuka, rashin samun kudin shiga, rashin kwangila, inshora da kuma damar daukar hoto da ya dace. "Behboudi yana da 'yar karamar 'a' ga duniyar daukar hoto, tun da mahaifinta dalibin daukar hoto ne, kuma mata da yawa ba su da ikon yin aiki. <ref name="fotoevidence.com"/> <nowiki>''</nowiki>Uwar Hakuri" shiri ne na dogon lokaci wanda aka fara a cikin shekarar 2013 don Joop Swart Masterclass na [[World Press Photo|Hoto na Duniya]] kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa 2018. Wannan labarin ya shafi [[Iran–Iraq War|yakin Iran da Iraki]] da uwayen sojojin Iran da suka rasa 'ya'yansu a lokacin yaki kuma ba a ga gawarwakin ba. Sama da sojojin Iran 10,000 ne aka bayar da rahoton bacewarsu, ba tare da tantance gawarwaki ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2017 |title=Mothers of Patience by Fatemeh Behboudi |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/354095}}</ref> An ba da wannan labarin [[World Press Photo of the Year|Hotunan Jarida na Duniya]] 2015 <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=2015 Fatemeh Behboudi CIS-HM-AJ {{!}} World Press Photo |url=https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2015/29523/1/2015-Fatemeh-Behboudi-CIS-HM-AJ |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.worldpressphoto.org}}</ref> da [[Pictures of the Year International|Hotunan Shekarar Duniya na]] 2014. .<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 13, 2017 |title=Mothers of Patience by Fatemeh Behboudi |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/354095}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> Shirin Behboudi na "Makoki don Hossein ", wanda aka gani a cikin kundinta na "Neman 'Yanci" ya kuma sami karbuwa sosai yayin da ake bikin gwarzon al'adun Musulunci, Hossein jikan Annabi [[Muhammad]] . Hotunan da ke cikin wannan aikin sun yi nuni da irin alfarmar [[Ashoura Day|ranar Ashoura]] da kuma al'adar mata da suke rufe fuskokinsu don nuna alhinin shahidan, zuwa wuraren ibada 40 da kunna fitulu, suna neman Hossein ya kasance gare su a ranar kiyama. Behboudi dai ya dauki hotunan wannan ci gaba ne domin nuna tunawa da wani jarumi mai shekaru 1337 da ya zaɓi ya mutu cikin mutunci fiye da yadda ya miƙa wuya ga zaluncin Yazid wanda a lokacin ya yi mulkin mutanen Hossein. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fatemeh Behboudi |url=https://www.millspondgallery.org/fatemeh-behboudi |access-date=2025-03-26 |archive-date=2022-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001120144/https://www.millspondgallery.org/fatemeh-behboudi |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2014, an nuna Behboudi a cikin labarin ''Time'' "Mata a cikin Hotuna: Muryoyin 34 Daga Duniya". A cikin shekarar 2017 da 2018 an nuna ta a cikin LensCulture 's "Masu daukar hoto don kallo". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lens culture |date= |title=Lens culture |url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/lensculture-editors-international-women-s-day-2017-30-female-photographers-to-watch |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lens culture |date= |title=Lens culture |url=https://www.lensculture.com/articles/lensculture-editors-35-photographers-to-watch-celebrating-international-women-s-day-2018 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2020 an zaɓi Behboudi don semester fall ta hanyar shirin ƙasa da ƙasa na Makarantar Yaɗa Labarai da Jarida ta Danish, Denmark. <ref>{{Cite web |last=DMJX |date= |title=DMJX |url=https://photo.dmjx.dk/index.php/2020/06/12/international-students-selected-for-fall-2020-term/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> A cikin 2020, an zaɓi ta don Jarumai ɗari' "Masu daukar hoto 50 masu sha'awar mata". <ref>{{Cite web |last=photo.com |date=December 15, 2020 |title=Hundred Heroines adds 50 Inspiring Women Photographers |url=https://www.all-about-photo.com/photo-articles/photo-article/873/hundred-heroines-adds-50-inspiring-women-photographers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=tehrantimes.com |date=December 28, 2020 |title=Iranian photographers added to global list of Hundred Heroines |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/456308/Iranian-photographers-added-to-global-list-of-Hundred-Heroines}}</ref> == Hoton yaki == == Sauran hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Shekoufeh-Safari.jpg| Shekoufeh Safari Fayil:Khashayar_Etemadi_20130423_12.jpg| Khashayar Etemadi Fayil:Saeed_Changizian_20120421_01.jpg| Saeed Changizian Fayil:Mohammad_Hassan_Ganji_20110425_05.jpg|alt=Mohammad Hassan Ganji| Mohammed Hassan Ganji </gallery> == Kyaututtuka == * Joop Swart Masterclass, Hoton Jarida ta Duniya, 2013 * Hotunan Shekarar Duniya (POYi), 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Place {{!}} Feature Picture Story – Freelance/Agency |url=https://poy.org/71/14/first_12.php |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=poy.org |archive-date=September 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923150234/https://poy.org/71/14/first_12.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kyautar Hoton Jarida ta Duniya, 2015 <ref name="auto"/> * Gasar Ƙarshe, Ƙarshen Rayuwa 12th Bikin Ɗaukar Hoto na Duniya na 12th Vilnius Photo Circle 2018, Lithuania <ref>{{Cite web |title=» Lietuvos Spaudos Fotografų Klubas |url=http://www.pressphoto.lt/news/5bc8cabc0db45 |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.pressphoto.lt}}</ref> * Gasar Ƙarshe, Tallafin Bayan 2019, Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=War is Still Alive {{!}} The Aftermath Project |url=http://www.theaftermathproject.org/project/war-still-alive |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.theaftermathproject.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2019 |title=Fatemeh Behboudi: Finalist in the 2019 Aftermath Grant |url=http://lenscratch.com/2019/01/fatemeh-behboudi-finalist-in-the-2019-aftermath-grant/ |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=LENSCRATCH |language=en-US}}</ref> == nune-nunen == * Obscura's "Ballin Nunin Masu Hoton Matan Asiya", Malaysia, 2014. Daya daga cikin biyar nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mah |first=Kenny |date=August 6, 2014 |title=These pictures can talk: Photographers share their stories at OBSCURA Festival 2014 {{!}} Malay Mail |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/life/2014/08/06/these-pictures-can-talk-photographers-share-their-stories-at-obscura-festiv/721435 |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=www.malaymail.com}}</ref> * ''Iyayen Haƙuri'', nunin solo, Deitta Gallery, Yangon, Myanmar, 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 22, 2015 |title=Iranian photographer brings images of hope to Deitta Gallery |url=https://www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/13228-iranian-photographer-brings-images-of-hope-to-deitta-gallery.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210219143823/https://www.mmtimes.com/lifestyle/13228-iranian-photographer-brings-images-of-hope-to-deitta-gallery.html |archive-date=February 19, 2021 |access-date=May 4, 2020 |website=The Myanmar Times}}</ref> * ''Ido akan Babban Titin: Wilson Outdoor Photo Festival,'' Amurka, 2015/16{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2020}} <ref>{{Cite web |last=eyes on main street 2016 |date=April 6, 2016 |title=issuu |url=https://issuu.com/wilsontimes/docs/eyesonmainstreet2016 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ''Hotunan Rubuce-rubucen Yanzu'', nunin rukuni, Gallery Pond Gallery, Saint James, NY, Amurka, 2018 * Bikin Hoto na Lumix don aikin jarida na matasa, Jamus, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lumix |date=June 19, 2018 |title=weser-kurier |url=https://www.weser-kurier.de/region/region-fotos_galerie,-fotojournalismus-der-die-welt-bewegt-_mediagalid,39089.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 2, 2018 |title=kwerfeldein |url=https://kwerfeldein.de/2018/07/02/nachbetrachtung-lumix-festival/ }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Hotunan Biennial na Duniya na Duniya, Italiya, 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2, 2021 |title=Fatemeh Behboudi |url=https://www.bffmantova.com/en/fatemeh-behboudi/ |access-date=March 26, 2025 |archive-date=October 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001120140/https://www.bffmantova.com/en/fatemeh-behboudi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=La Biennale delle eredità passate e future |url=https://www.ilgiornaledellarte.com/articoli/la-biennale-delle-eredit-passate-e-future/138555.html}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 37hq4feeoq67qu27khw1lewpw0c2io5 0 100866 905441 622721 2026-08-21T06:58:59Z Zahrah0 14848 905441 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Mohammad Kaisar Hamid (Bengali; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1964) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Bangladesh . An san shi da ciyar da mafi yawan aikinsa a matsayin mai karewa na tsakiya na Mohammedan Sporting Club a duka matakan cikin gida da na nahiyar. Ya kuma wakilci tawagar kasar Bangladesh a matakin kasa da kasa daga 1984 zuwa 1993 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin din kulob dinsa da tawagar kasa a 1989-91 da 1993, bi da bi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Kaiser Hamid a ranar 1 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 1964, a Sylhet, [[Bangladesh]] . Ya fito ne daga asalin wasanni, tare da mahaifiyarsa, Rani Hamid, kasancewa mace ta farko ta FIDE International Master daga Bangladesh, yayin da mahaifinsa, M. A. Hamid, ya kasance mataimakin kwamandan Sojojin Bangladesh kuma wanda ya kafa Ƙungiyar Kwallon hannu ta Bangladesh. Kaiser ya girma a matsayin na biyu mafi girma a cikin 'yan'uwa uku. Babban ɗan'uwansa, Sohel Hamid, ya kasance zakaran ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa, yayin da ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta, Bobby Hamid, suka buga ƙwallon ƙwallon kwando ga Wari Club a cikin Division na farko. Kaiser ya wakilci Gundumar Sylhet a gasar cin Kofin Sher-e-Bangla daga 1981 zuwa 1983 kuma daga baya ya fara wakiltar Jami'ar Dhaka a matsayin tsohon jami'in daga 1984. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === A shekara ta 1981, Kaiser ya fara buga wasa a rukuni na biyu tare da Kamal Sporting Club . A cikin wannan shekarar, ya wakilci Dhaka a gasar kwallon kafa ta kasa ta U-18, bayan haka aka ba shi suna mafi kyawun mai tsaron gida. A shekara ta 1982, ya shiga Rahmatganj MFS a cikin Sashen Farko, yana wasa a matsayin mai ba da dama a karkashin kocin, Abdur Rahim . Ya shafe kakar wasa mai zuwa a Team BJMC kafin ya koma Rahmatganj a 1984 bayan da aka sauke BJMC daga Division na farko. Ayyukansa tare da Rahmatganj a kakar 1984 ya ba shi kira na farko zuwa tawagar kasar Bangladesh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2021 |title=Looking back into Bangladesh football in the 80s |url=https://www.weeklyblitz.net/leisure/looking-back-into-bangladesh-football-in-the-80s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029175344/https://www.weeklyblitz.net/leisure/looking-back-into-bangladesh-football-in-the-80s/ |archive-date=29 October 2021 |access-date=13 August 2022 |website=Weekly Blitz}}</ref> === Mohammedan SC === Bayan farawarsa ta kasa da kasa, Kaiser ya shiga Dhaka Mohammedan a shekarar 1985. Ya ci gaba da ciyar da sauran aikinsa tare da Black da Whites, inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko a 1986, 1987, 1988-89, 1993, 1996, yana wasa a matsayin mai tsakiya. Ya taka rawar gani yayin da Mohammedan ba a ci su ba a cikin Sashen Farko daga 8 ga Satumba 1985 zuwa 15 ga Maris 1990, lokacin da kulob din ya lashe wasanni 63 daga 76 da aka buga, kuma ya kammala nasarar da aka samu daga 1986 zuwa 1988-89. A shekara ta 1986, ya jagoranci tsaron Mohammedan tare da Ranjit Saha, kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da lambar yabo ta farko, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cin nasara a kan abokan hamayyarsa, Dhaka Abahani da Dhaka Wanderers, a wasanni biyu na karshe na zagaye na Super League. Ya fara kakar 1987 ta hanyar ɗaga Kofin Tarayya, kuma a zagaye na Super League na Division na Farko, Kaiser ya yi fice yayin da Mohammedan ya ci Abahani 3-2, yana riƙe da fatan su biyu na cikin gida da rai, duk da haka, tare da kungiyoyi biyu a kan daidaito, kuma wasan dawowar wasan ya ƙare a matsayin rikici, 'yan wasan tare da jami'an kulob din sun amince da zama zakara na hadin gwiwa. Duk da haka, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Bangladesh (BFF) ta zaɓi wasan kwaikwayo na biyu a Filin wasa na Sojoji, wanda ya ga Mohammedan ya ci 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iqbal |first=Niar |date=21 September 2016 |title=আবাহনী-মোহামেডানের 'সন্ধি' হয়েছিল যেদিন |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222113215/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BF%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8 |archive-date=22 February 2024 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Iqbal |first=Niar |date=17 March 2020 |title=বাংলাদেশের ফুটবলে একবারই 'দর্শকবিহীন' ম্যাচ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/বাংলাদেশের-ফুটবল-একবারই-‘দর্শকবিহীন’-ম্যাচ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222113255/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A |archive-date=22 February 2024 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, Kaiser ya kuma wakilci kulob din a gasar zakarun Asiya ta 1987, a karkashin horar da Nasser Hejazi . Saboda wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a kulob din da kuma kasa da kasa, Kaiser daga ƙarshe ya sami lambar yabo ta Wasanni mafi kyau a 1986 da kuma Kyautar Mai Wasanni Mafi kyau a 1988. [[Fayil:Kaiser_Hamid_and_Masoud_Norouzi_at_the_1989–90_Asian_Club_Championship,_Mohammedan_vs_Shahin_Ahvaz.png|left|thumb|Kaiser Hamid tare da Shahin Ahvaz kyaftin Masoud Norouzi (hagu) a lokacin gasar zakarun Asiya ta 1989-90Gasar Cin Kofin Asiya ta 1989-90]] Kaiser kuma ya wakilci kulob din yayin da ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar zakarun Asiya ta 1988-89, lokacin da Black da Whites suka ci Persepolis na Iran da Koriya ta Arewa a ranar 25 ga Afrilu. A lokacin zagaye na kusa da na karshe da aka gudanar a Kuantan, Malaysia, ya zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 1-3 ga Al-Ittifaq na Saudi Arabia, yayin da Mohammedan ya kammala na huɗu a cikin rukuni biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Club Competitions 1988/89 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup89.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027141149/https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/ascup89.html |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 22, 2019 |title=মধুর স্মৃতি যখন এপ্রিল টোয়েন্টি ফাইভ |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106105655/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD |archive-date=January 6, 2024 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref> A cikin kakar 1989-90, kocin Hejazi ya nada Kaiser a matsayin kyaftin din kulob din. Kodayake kulob din ya lashe Kofin Tarayya a karkashin kyaftin dinsa, Mohammedan ya kuma kawo karshen tseren da suka yi na shekaru biyar ba tare da an ci nasara ba a cikin Sashen Farko, kuma ya kammala matsayi na biyu ga manyan abokan hamayyarsa Dhaka Abahani. A gasar zakarun Asiya ta 1989-90, a karkashin kyaftin din Kaiser, Black da Whites sun fadi daga cikin matakan cancanta da aka gudanar a [[Ahvaz]], Iran, sun kammala matsayi na biyu ga masu masaukin baki Shahin Ahvaz. Ya kasance kyaftin din kulob din har zuwa 1991 BTC Club Cup, inda Mohammedan ya rasa wasan karshe ga Abahani. A cikin wannan shekarar, tare da ba a gudanar da Sashen Farko a Dhaka ba, Kaiser ya wakilci Kolkata Mohammedan a cikin Calcutta First Division League . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Raktim |date=4 April 2022 |script-title=bn:কলকাতার মোহামেডানের সঙ্গে গাঁটছড়া বাঁধছে ঢাকার মোহামেডান |trans-title=Mohammedan of Dhaka is tying knot with Mohammedan of Kolkata |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/foreign/india/736939/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405081844/https://www.banglatribune.com/foreign/india/736939/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 |archive-date=5 April 2022 |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=banglatribune.com |language=bn}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na yau da kullun na tawagar, ya taimaka wa Mohammedan ya lashe gasar a 1993 da 1996. Ya kuma shahara da kwarewarsa na zira kwallaye, tare da daya daga cikin manyan burinsa da ya zo a lokacin wasan karshe na Kofin DMFA da Dhaka Abahani a 1993, inda ya zira kwallayi daga kwallaye 30 yayin da Mohammedan ya ci 3-2. A shekara ta 1995, ya kasance fuska mara kyau a cikin tawagar saboda matsalolin rauni. Daga bisani ya rasa matsayinsa a cikin tawagar bayan nadin kulob din na Kang Man-young, wanda ya fi son ƙaramin Monwar Hossain Munna da Rajani Kanta Barman a tsakiya-tsaron, kuma zai fi amfani da Kaiser a matsayin mai maye gurbin dan wasan gaba a lokacin nasarar da Mohammedan ya samu a 1996. A ranar 17 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996, Kaiser ya buga wasan karshe na gasar ta hanyar zuwa a matsayin mai maye gurbin yayin da Mohammedan ya ci Abahani 1-0 a Filin wasa na Sher-e-Bangla a wasan karshe na kakar Firimiya ta 1996. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Bangladesh_national_team_at_the_1984_South_Asian_Games_in_Nepal.png|thumb|Kaiser (na gaba zuwa hagu, jere na ƙasa) tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bangladesh a Wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 1984]] Ayyukan Kaiser na Rahmatganj MFS sun gan shi ya sami kira ga tawagar kasar Bangladesh don Wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 1984 da aka gudanar a [[Kathmandu]], Nepal . Farkonsa na kasa da kasa ya zo ne a ranar 18 ga Satumba 1984, a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Bhutan . A karkashin kocin Ali Imam, ya buga wasanni hudu a lokacin gasar yayin da Bangladesh ta kammala matsayi na biyu. Bayan farawarsa, Kaiser ya wakilci tawagar kasa daga 1984 zuwa 1993, inda ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a cikin shekaru goma. Ya zira kwallaye na farko na kasa da kasa a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1985, a lokacin da ya ci Indonesia 2-1 a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1986 da aka gudanar a Filin wasa na Dhaka . Musamman, wannan ita ce nasarar farko ta Bangladesh a gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alam |first=Masud |date=1 June 2022 |title=৩৭ বছর আগে ইন্দোনেশিয়ার সঙ্গে সেই জয়ের স্মৃতিটা দোলা দিচ্ছে চুন্নু, কায়সারদের |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218193359/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AD-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0 |archive-date=18 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, ya fito ne ga tawagar kasa wacce ta kammala matsayi na biyu ga Koriya ta Arewa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Quaid-e-Azam ta 1985 a Peshawar, Pakistan . Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta sake kammala matsayi na biyu a Wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 1985 kuma a lokacin gasar ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 8-0 a kan Maldives. A shekara ta 1986, ya wakilci Bangladesh a gasar cin kofin zinare ta shugaban kasar Pakistan a [[Karachi]], inda ya ci kwallaye 1-4 a Pakistan XI. Duk da haka, tawagar ta amsa da nasara 1-0 a kan Pakistan, kuma ta gama gasar a matsayi na uku. Kaiser ya kuma bayyana a cikin 1986 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alam |first=Masud |date=1 July 2023 |title=কুয়েতের বিপক্ষে সেই ম্যাচটির কথা ভুলেই গেছেন জনি-কায়সাররা |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/zhupg7qcty |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218194726/https://www.prothomalo.com/sports/football/zhupg7qcty |archive-date=18 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref> da 1990 na Wasannin Asiya. Ya kuma wakilci tawagar kasa a wasanni shida na Wasannin Kudancin Asiya daga 1984 zuwa 1993.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=International Matches 1989 - Asia |url=https://www.rsssf.org/intldetails/1989as.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207024140/https://www.rsssf.org/intldetails/1989as.html |archive-date=7 December 2022 |access-date=6 February 2023}}</ref> Kaiser ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin kyaftin din Sayeed Hassan Kanan a lokacin gasar cin kofin zinare ta shugaban kasar Bangladesh ta 1989. Daga bisani ya zama kyaftin a 1993 kuma ya jagoranci kasar a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 1994. A lokacin qualifiers ya zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 3-0 a kan Sri Lanka a Filin wasa na Al Maktoum . Daga baya a wannan shekarar, bayan nadin kocin Switzerland Oldrich Svab, Arif Hossain Moon ya karɓi kyaftin din Kaiser. Wasanni na karshe da ya buga wa tawagar kasa ya zo ne a wasannin Asiya ta Kudu na 1993, lokacin da Svab ya tura shi a matsayin dan wasan dama. A wasan buɗewa, Kaiser ya rasa fa'ida a wasan da ba a ci kwallo ba tare da Maldives. Ya bayyana a karshe a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1993, yayin da Bangladesh ta fadi daga gasar tare da shan kashi 0-1 ga Nepal. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kasashen Duniya === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="12" |Bangladesh |- |1984 |4 |0 |- |1985 |11 |3 |- |1986 |7 |0 |- |1987 |4 |0 |- |1988 |5 |0 |- |1989 |9 |0 |- |1990 |2 |0 |- |1991 |3 |0 |- |1992 |2 |0 |- |1993 |12 |2 |- !Jimillar !59 !5 |} : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon sun lissafa burin Bangladesh na farko.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kaiser Hamid ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | align="center" |1 |2 ga Afrilu 1985 |[[Dhaka]]_Stadium" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dhaka Stadium">Filin wasa na Dhaka, Dhaka, [[Bangladesh]] |{{Fb|IDN}} | style="text-align:center;" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |1986 cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA |- | align="center" |2 | rowspan="2" |23 ga Disamba 1985 | rowspan="2" |[[Dhaka]]_Stadium" id="mwASg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Dhaka Stadium">Filin wasa na Dhaka, Dhaka, [[Bangladesh]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fb|MDV}} | style="text-align:center;" |3–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |8–0 | rowspan="2" |Wasannin Kudancin Asiya na 1985 |- | align="center" |3 | style="text-align:center;" |7–0 |- | align="center" |4 |7 ga Mayu 1993 |Filin wasa na Al Maktoum, [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], UAE[[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] |{{Fb|SRI}} | style="text-align:center;" |2–0 | align="center" |3–0 |1994 cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA |- | align="center" |5 |13 Disamba 1993 |Filin wasa na Mirpur, [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] |{{Fb|MYA}} | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |3–1 |Abokantaka |- |} == Iyali da rayuwar mutum == Kaiser ya auri Lopa Kaisar a 1993, tare da wanda yake da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mace daya. Ɗansa ƙarami, Sadat Hamid, tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ya buga wa Mohammedan SC a Gasar Firimiya ta Bangladesh har zuwa 2022. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yarsa, Kaarina Kaisar, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2019 |title=The many shades of Kaarina Kaisar |url=https://theprestige.global/the-many-shades-of-kaarina-kaisar/ |access-date=10 March 2022 |website=The Prestige Magazine}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, Kaiser ya sami lambar yabo ta wasanni ta kasa. A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2005, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa goma da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Bangladesh (BFF) ta girmama saboda ayyukan da suka yi wa kasar a lokacin kaddamar da BFF Bhaban. Kaiser ya tsaya a zaben Jami'ar Dhaka ta Tsakiya a shekarar 1989-90. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan ya yi ritaya daga kwallon kafa a 1996, Kaiser ya shiga siyasa. Ya gudu a kan tikitin Jam'iyyar Zaker a zaben kasar Bangladesh. A shekara ta 2008, an gurfanar da shi saboda yunkurin kisan kai bayan an ruwaito cewa ya buge wani likita na asibitin mallakar jihar a kai da bindiga. A shekara ta 2011, Kaiser ya dawo cikin labarai lokacin da 'yan sanda suka kama tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa na Najeriya [[Emeka Ezeugo]], wanda aka same shi da bindigar Kaiser mai lasisi. '''Bangladesh''' * Medal na azurfa na Wasannin Kudancin Asiya: 1984, 1985, 1989; Medal na tagulla: 1991 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * 1986 − Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Dan wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Kungiyar Marubutan Wasanni. * 1988 − Kyautar Mafi Kyawun Wasanni ta Wasanni. * 2003 − Kyautar Wasanni ta Kasa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1nsyc846wxf6pakf8hh2mg9gpj1c0w9 0 100917 905234 645223 2026-08-20T19:31:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu''' yana faruwa ne a matsayin Aikin tilastawa da [[Bautar Jima'i|cin zarafin jima'i]] na kasuwanci tsakanin shigo da fitar da ''maza'', mata, da yara. Gabaɗaya, ana fataucin 'yan mata na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] don dalilai na [[Bautar Jima'i|cin zarafin jima'i]] na kasuwanci da bautar gida, yayin da ake amfani da yara maza don sayar da titi, sabis na abinci, da aikin gona.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Trafficking in Africa |url=http://humantraffickinginafrica.weebly.com |access-date=26 March 2017 |website=Human Trafficking in Africa}}</ref> Shaidar da aka bayar ta nuna cewa ana iya tilasta wa yara na Afirka ta Kudu su samar da aikin da ba a biya ba ga masu mallakar ƙasa don dawo da zama a ƙasa, wurin zama, ko kuma don kiyaye haƙƙin haya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spotlight on human trafficking as SA cops swoop on syndicate |url=http://www.ecpatinternational.com/EI/Resource_newsclippings.asp?id=1171 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080938/http://www.ecpatinternational.com/EI/Resource_newsclippings.asp?id=1171 |archive-date=27 March 2017 |access-date=26 March 2017 |website=www.ecpatinternational.com}}</ref> A kowane hali, wannan nau'in aikin da ba a biya shi ba ya sa aka bayyana fataucin mutane a matsayin nau'in bautar zamani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adepoju |first=A. |date=2005 |title=Review of research and data on human trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa |url=http://imumi.org/attachments/article/132/Data_and_research_on_human_trafficking_a_global_survey_iom.pdf#page=76 |journal=International Migration |volume=43 |issue=1–2 |pages=75–98 |doi=10.1111/j.0020-7985.2005.00313.x |access-date=23 February 2019}}</ref> Cinikin mutane shine sakamakon haɗuwa da dalilai da yawa, gami da rashin daidaito tsakanin jinsi, rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, da rikice-rikicen siyasa. Tun da Afirka ke fuskantar duk waɗannan, cibiyar aiki ce don fataucin mutane.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Britton |first=H.E. |last2=Dean |first2=L.A. |date=2014 |title=Policy responses to human trafficking in Southern Africa: Domesticating international norms |journal=Human Rights Review |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=305–328 |doi=10.1007/s12142-014-0303-9 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mutane da yawa [waɗanda?] suna roƙon buƙatar canjin al'adu don rage lokuta na fataucin mutane ta hanyar rage buƙatar jima'i da aikin da ba a biya ba.<ref name="Van Der Watt">{{Cite journal |last=Van Der Watt |first=Marcell |last2=Burger |first2=Johan |date=2018 |title=The perplexities of human trafficking in South Africa – ISS Africa |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref>  == Kalmomi == Cinikin mutane yana nufin yin amfani da karfi, zamba, ko tilastawa don samun aiki ko aikin jima'i na kasuwanci, a cewar Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2013 |title=What is Human Trafficking? |url=https://www.dhs.gov/blue-campaign/what-human-trafficking |access-date=20 February 2019 |website=Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> Ma'anar fataucin mutane ba ta buƙatar jigilar wadanda abin ya shafa. Za su iya kasancewa tsaye kuma har yanzu ana rarraba su a matsayin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane idan ana cin zarafin su ko kuma suna aiki a matsayin ma'aikata.<ref name="barner">{{Cite journal |last=Barner |first=J.R. |last2=Okech |first2=D. |last3=Camp |first3=M.A. |date=2014 |title=Socio-economic inequality, human trafficking, and the global slave trade |journal=Societies |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=148–160 |doi=10.3390/soc4020148 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mai cin zarafin jima'i shine duk wanda ke nuna sha'awa ko yin jima'i tare da akalla wanda aka yi wa fataucin mutane. Bautar bashi tana nufin wani nau'i na bautar da aka yi wa mutum inda aka biya wa mai kula da doka / memba (s) don musayar mutumin da aka ambata. Dole ne su yi aiki don biyan wannan bashin don a sake su. Garkuwa da mutane shine ɗaukar mutum zuwa wani wuri ba tare da son zuciyarsu ba, ko kuma hana 'yancin mutum da karfi, kamar yadda aka bayyana Wex Legal Dictionary . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2009 |title=Kidnapping Definition |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/kidnapping |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Wex Dictionary |publisher=Cornell Law School}}</ref> Satar mutum shine karbar yaro daga mai kula da su na doka tare da takamaiman niyyar lalata ko karuwanci ga yaron, a cewar Wex Legal Dictionary . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2010 |title=Abduction Defenition |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/abduction |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Wex Dictionary |publisher=Cornell Law School}}</ref> Kasar asali ita ce inda masu fataucin mutane ke daukar wadanda aka azabtar don cin zarafi.<ref name="routes">{{Cite web |title=Trafficking Routes |url=http://www.stopvaw.org/trafficking_routes |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Stop Violence Against Women |publisher=The Advocates for Human Rights}}</ref> Kasar wucewa ƙasa ce ta matsakaici inda aka tura wanda aka azabtar zuwa bayan daukar ma'aikata. Wadannan ƙasashe galibi suna da ikon sarrafa kan iyaka mara inganci da kuma masu cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name="routes"/> Kasar da aka nufa ita ce wacce ke karbar wadanda abin ya shafa. Tattalin arzikinta gabaɗaya yana da wadata sosai don tallafawa fataucin jima'i.<ref name="routes"/> Kasar cikin gida / ta cikin gida ita ce wacce ake daukar wadanda abin ya shafa kuma ana fataucin su a cikin wannan ƙasa.<ref name="routes"/> == Yawan mutanen da aka azabtar == An kiyasta cewa akwai miliyoyin wadanda abin ya shafa; kodayake ana samun kusan mutane 50-100,000 a kowace shekara.<ref name="Heinrich">{{Cite journal |last=Heinrich |first=K.H. |date=2010 |title=Ten Years After the Palermo Protocol: Where are Protections for Human Trafficking? |journal=Human Rights Brief |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=1}}</ref> Jami'ar Johannesburg ta ba da rahoton cewa fataucin mutane yana faruwa a dan kadan ga 'yan mata fiye da yara maza, tare da 55.5% na duk mutanen da aka fataucin a Afirka ta Kudu mata ne, kuma 44.5% maza ne. An kiyasta cewa fiye da kashi uku cikin huɗu na duk wadanda abin ya shafa suna tsakanin shekaru 12-25.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Trafficking Awareness Survey Results |url=https://www.uj.ac.za/newandevents/Documents/2016/HUMAN%20TRAFFICKING%20SURVEY%20RESULTS%20ULINK.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131610/https://www.uj.ac.za/newandevents/Documents/2016/HUMAN%20TRAFFICKING%20SURVEY%20RESULTS%20ULINK.PDF |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=University of Johannesburg}}</ref> Kodayake ana daukar mutane da yawa ta hanyar yaudara a madadin mai fataucin mutane, wani lokacin wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutum suna shiga da kansu, yayin da suke fuskantar matsalolin tattalin arziki wanda ke barin su cikin damuwa don rayuwa mafi kyau.<ref name="Heinrich" /> Wannan na iya faruwa yayin da masu daukar ma'aikata ko masu karuwanci suka tilasta musu su zama mutum mai fataucin mutane don amfanin ƙarya kamar su albashi mafi kyau, alal misali.<ref name="Heinrich" /> Rarraba dukiya mara daidaituwa a Afirka ta Kudu ya bar wadanda abin ya shafa da alkawuran wadata.<ref name="barner"/> Akwai wadanda ke fama da cutar ta farko, wadanda aka rarraba a matsayin mutanen da aka dauka don fataucin mutane, da kuma wadanda ke fama le matsalar ta biyu, kamar mata da aka fataucin kuma yanzu suna aiki a matsayin masu daukar ma'aikata.Masu fataucin mutane sun koyi gano wadanda abin ya shafa a wuraren da babu kariya ga cin zarafi, gwamnati mai rauni, talauci, tilasta bin doka, mukamai na wucin gadi, da wuraren da Diaspora ya zama ruwan dare.<ref name="Heinrich"/> Yawancin masu fataucin mutane suna shawo kan wadanda aka azabtar da su su ji tsoron 'yan sanda, saboda ba za a amince da su ba, wanda ke taimakawa wajen riƙe wadanda aka azabta a cikin sake zagayowar fataucin.<ref name="Heinrich" /> === Ƙarfafa fataucin mutane === Masu fataucin mutane na iya kasancewa daga mutanen da ke yin aiki a wasu lokuta zuwa waɗanda ke cikin cibiyoyin aikata laifuka, a cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite web |last=Masweneng |first=Kgaugelo |date=30 May 2018 |title=Human trafficking is silently tearing South Africa apart' experts say |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-05-30-human-trafficking-is-silently-tearing-south-africa-apart-experts-say/ |website=Times Live South Africa}}</ref> Sau da yawa yana da sauƙi ga masu fataucin mutane suyi aiki a cikin halin da ake ciki na ƙarshe saboda yana sauƙaƙa motsi da shirya waɗanda abin ya shafa.<ref name="New York Times" /> Bayan wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin karni na 20, rashin daidaito ya karu yayin da manyan ɗalibai ke riƙe da mafi yawan kuɗin shiga na jihar.<ref name="Describing and decomposing post-apa">{{Cite journal |last=Leibbrandt |first=M. |last2=Finn |first2=A. |last3=Woolard |first3=I. |date=2012 |title=Describing and decomposing post-apartheid income inequality in South Africa |journal=Development Southern Africa |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=19–34 |doi=10.1080/0376835X.2012.645639 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan ya kara tsananta halin mata a Afirka na rashin kasancewa a cikin matsayi na iko, saboda yana da wahala ga mutane da yawa su sami ilimi da horar da ƙwarewa. Wannan ya sa mata su zama masu sauƙin kai ga masu fataucin mutane. Mutane da yawa sun yarda su je kasashen waje tare da fatan rayuwa mafi kyau. Masu fataucin mutane suna neman yara daga Afirka saboda rashin tsarin rajistar haihuwa. Wannan ya bar yara masu saukin fataucin mutane saboda ba a san su ba kuma suna da wuyar gano su zuwa ƙasarsu ko asalin su.<ref name="UNICEF" /> Wadannan wadanda abin ya shafa ana kai su Afirka ta Kudu. Ukuthwala (auren yara) al'ada ce da aka saba amfani da ita a wasu lardunan Afirka ta Kudu inda 'yan mata ke auren tsofaffi, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da wasu wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226816.htm |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=U.S. Department of State |publisher=OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS}}</ref> == Nazarin shari'a == Wani asibiti a Durban, Afirka ta Kudu ya yi ikirarin aikata laifuka 109 na kwayar halitta ba bisa ka'ida ba, inda aka biya wadanda abin ya shafa a Brazil da Romania kamar $ 6,000 don gabobin da suka kai ko'ina daga $ 100,000-120,000.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allain |first=J. |date=2011 |title=Trafficking of persons for the removal of organs and the admission of guilt of a South African hospital |journal=Medical Law Review |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=117–22 |doi=10.1093/medlaw/fwr001 |pmid=21266392 |s2cid=30004783 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Wannan keta dokar Tissue Human Act of 1983 ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ke kare kananan yara daga amfani da su don dasa gabobin da sayar da gabobin don riba.<ref name="Describing and decomposing post-apa"/> Afirka ta Kudu sanannen wuri ne don girbi gaɓoɓin jiki saboda canjin canji tsakanin kuɗin Afirka ta Kudu da dala na Amurka yana bawa masu karɓa damar biyan kuɗi mafi girma. Bugu da ƙari, Afirka ta Kudu tana da kashi 2% kawai na yawan jama'a a cikin rajistar kwayar halitta, kuma likitoci da yawa da suka cancanta suna son yin kwayar cutar. == Hanyoyin fataucin mutane == Hanyoyin fataucin mutane suna zaɓar wuraren wucewa inda jami'an gwamnati da 'yan sanda ke cin hanci da rashawa, suna barin masu fataucin da ba su da haɗarin kamawa da waɗanda abin ya shafa ba su da bege na samun taimako.<ref name="theconversation.com">{{Cite web |last=Van Der Watt |first=Marcel |title=Human trafficking in South Africa: an elusive statistical nightmare |url=https://theconversation.com/human-trafficking-in-south-africa-an-elusive-statistical-nightmare-43949 |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> yawon shakatawa na jima'i na yara ya zama ruwan dare a ciki da tsakanin biranen Afirka ta Kudu da yawa, musamman biranen Johannesburg da Cape Town. Mata da 'yan mata daga wasu ƙasashen Afirka galibi ana shigo da su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don cin zarafin jima'i na kasuwanci, bautar gida, da sauran ayyukan a bangaren sabis. Lokaci-lokaci, ana ɗaukar waɗannan mata zuwa [[Turai]] don cin zarafin jima'i. Yawancin matan Thai, Sinawa, da Turai galibi ana fataucin su kuma ana cin zarafinsu a Afirka ta Kudu don bautar bashi. Matasa maza da yara maza daga [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], [[Zimbabwe]], da [[Malawi]] ana fataucin su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don aikin gona, suna tsawaita watanni ba tare da biyan kuɗi ba kafin "ma'aikata" su kama su kuma su kore su a matsayin baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba. Kungiyoyin masu aikata laifuka da aka shirya - gami da ƙungiyoyin Najeriya, Sinawa, da Gabashin Turai, ƙungiyoyin gida da 'yan sanda suna sauƙaƙa fataucin mutane a ciki da cikin Afirka ta Kudu, musamman don manufar cin zarafin jima'i. Ana yawan kai wadanda abin ya shafa a Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Ireland, Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya a matsayin ma'aikatan gida. Wadanda abin ya shafa daga kasashe daban-daban kamar Thailand, Philippines, China, da Rasha ana fataucin su zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar Afirka ta Kudu a matsayin asalin, wucewa, makoma, da ƙasa ta ciki / ta cikin gida dangane da fataucin yara. == Karewa da rigakafi == Akwai rashin amintaccen kididdiga game da fataucin mutane, yana rufe gaskiyar game da fatauchin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu. Tun da yake an san irin wannan kadan, yana da wahala a tantancewa da kuma yaki da halin da ake ciki.<ref name="theconversation.com"/> Amurka ta zartar da Dokar Rigakafi da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Mutane a cikin 2013, wanda tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Jacob Zuma ya sanya hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226816.htm |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=U.S. Department of State |publisher=OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS}}</ref> Koyaya, an sami ɗan canji kaɗan kuma an yanke wa masu fataucin mutane 3 hukunci, kuma an gurfanar da mutane 12 a wannan shekarar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226816.htm |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=U.S. Department of State |publisher=OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, an sanya Afirka ta Kudu a cikin jerin Tier 2 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, wanda ya sanya shi a matsayin ƙasa wanda a halin yanzu ba ta bi mafi ƙarancin ka'idojin TVPA game da fataucin mutane, amma tana yin ƙoƙari don yin biyayya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trafficking in Persons Report 2017: Tier Placements |url=https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628043920/https://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2017/271117.htm |archive-date=28 June 2017 |access-date=1 December 2017 |website=www.state.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> Gwamnati ta ba da isasshen bayanai game da bincike ko gurfanar da laifukan fataucin mutane ko kuma sakamakon hukunci ko hukunci. Bugu da kari, ba ta samar da bayanai game da kokarin da take yi na kare wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane ba kuma ta ci gaba da fitar da su da kuma gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da wadanda ke fama le kasashen waje ba tare da samar da ayyukan kariya masu dacewa ba. Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don Kulawa da Yaki da Cin Hanci da Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane ya sake sanya kasar a cikin "Tier 2" a cikin 2017. Rashin magance fataucin mutane watakila saboda hanyoyin tantancewa marasa kyau da matakan ganowa ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Trafficking in Persons Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/countries/2014/226816.htm |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=U.S. Department of State |publisher=OFFICE TO MONITOR AND COMBAT TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS}}</ref> Yawancin masu fataucin mutane suna guje wa tsanantawa saboda babu wata doka da ke aikata laifuka ga fataucin mutum. Dokar Shari'a ta Afirka ta Kudu ba ta da ka'idojin aikata laifuka waɗanda ke ƙayyade fataucin mutane, a maimakon haka suna haɗa abubuwan da suka faru cikin laifuka kamar fyade, cin zarafin jima'i, da sace mutane.<ref name="Van Der Watt"/><ref name="theconversation.com"/> Wannan rashin tattara bayanai na tsari ya sa ya zama da wahala a yi rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na fataucin mutane da kuma daukar matakai a kan shi.<ref name="keynote">{{Cite web |title=Keynote Address by the Deputy Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, the Hon JH Jeffery, MP, at a Symposium on Human Trafficking hosted by the Department of Justice & Constitutional Development, the South African Human Rights Commission and the Conference of Western Attorneys General (CWAG) Africa Alliance Partnership, held at the Capitol Hotel, 101 Katherine Street, Sandton, 5 November 2018 |url=http://www.justice.gov.za/m_speeches/2018/20181105-TIP_dm.html |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Justice and Constitutional Development Republic of South Africa |publisher=DoJCD }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Don taimakawa wajen rage lokuta na fataucin mutane, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Afirka ta Kudu ta fara buƙatar Takardar shaidar Haihuwar Ba tare da Ƙaddamarwa ba a cikin 2015 ga yara da ke tafiya a ciki da waje na Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name="Travelstart">{{Cite web |title=Unabridged Birth Certificate for Minors: All You Need to Know |url=http://www.travelstart.co.za/lp/travel-tips/unabridged-birth-certificate-for-minors |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Travelstart}}</ref> Takardar shaidar Haihuwar da ba ta da iyaka ta ƙunshi bayanai game da masu kula da yaron, idan yaro da ke shiga / fita daga Afirka ta Kudu ba shi da UBC, an hana su wucewa.<ref name="Travelstart" /> Aiwatar da wannan manufofin, duk da haka, bazai rage fataucin mutane ba, saboda masu fataucin suna amfani da hanyoyin da ba bisa ka'ida ba na ƙetare iyaka ko kuma ana iya fataucin wadanda abin ya shafa a cikin iyakoki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilkinson |first=Kate |title=No new evidence that 30,000 children are trafficked in South Africa each year |url=https://africacheck.org/reports/no-new-evidence-that-30000-children-are-trafficked-each-year-in-south-africa/ |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=Africa Check}}</ref> Afirka ta Kudu ta kuma yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Ayyukan Duniya game da Cinikin Mutane da Cin Hanci da Mutanen Mutanen Espanya a cikin 2016. Afirka ta Kudu na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 13 da aka nemi su shiga wannan ƙoƙari saboda yaduwar fataucin mutane. An kafa Kungiyar Kasuwanci a cikin Mutane a cikin 2012 ta Hukumar Shari'a ta Kasa da Sashin Harkokin Al'umma (SOCA). Wannan ƙungiyar aiki tana aiki don tattara bayanai game da fataucin mutane a Afirka ta Kudu da kuma ɗaukar matakai don rage abubuwan da suka faru.[1] Daraktan Kare Yara yana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsira daga fataucin mutane su koma lafiya ga iyayensu ko masu kula da su.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Africa tackles human trafficking |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/services/rights/trafficking-240215 |website=Brand South Africa |access-date=25 March 2019 |date=24 February 2015 |archive-date=25 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325172337/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/governance/services/rights/trafficking-240215 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Fataucin Mutane a Afirka}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Fataucin Mutane a Afirka]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] paw2pl3nxvcgg8vspbyuretjtfrk1bq 0 102887 905481 891599 2026-08-21T08:13:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905481 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;" |"Ka nemi gafara" |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:ApologizeiTunesCover.PNG|frameless]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |[[Single (music)|Ɗaya daga cikin]] [[OneRepublic|Jamhuriyar Ɗaya]] |- class="description" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |daga kundin Dreaming Out Loud''[[Dreaming Out Loud|Mafarki da Girma]]'' |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An sake shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |Afrilu 30, 2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An rubuta shi | class="infobox-data plainlist" |2006 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Music genre|Irin wannan]] | class="infobox-data category hlist" | * [[Pop rock]]<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1578">[https://www.allmusic.com/album/dreaming-out-loud-mw0000497237 "Dreaming Out Loud - OneRepublic &#x7C; Songs, Reviews, Credits &#x7C; AllMusic"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="1579">''[[AllMusic]]''.</span></cite></ref> * [[Soft rock|dutse mai laushi]]<ref name="AllMusic">Kellman, Andy.&#x20;</ref> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Tsawon | class="infobox-data plainlist" |<span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">28</span></span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Record label|Alamar]] | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Mosley * Interscope </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Mawallafin waƙa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |Ryan Tedder |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Masu samarwa</span> | class="infobox-data hlist" |<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * Greg Wells * Ryan Tedder * Yankin Timbaland </div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;" |Jerin lokaci na 'yan wasa na OneRepublic&#x20; |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | {| style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;" |- style="line-height: 1.4em;" | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;" | | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;" |"Ka gafarta" (2006) <br /> | style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;" |"Stop and Stare" (2007) <br /> |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: khaki" |Samfurin sauti |- class="haudio" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:1em" |<div style="display:inline-block;">[[File:OneRepublic_-_Apologize.ogg|center|frameless]]</div><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="hlist"> * layi * taimako </div> |} ""Yi hakuri" waka ce da Ryan Tedder ya rubuta, wacce ya fara fitowa a kundi na biyu na Timbaland Shock Value (2007).  Daga nan aka sake shi a matsayin na uku na kundi (na hudu a Ostiraliya), tare da ainihin rikodin ta OneRepublic.  Haka kuma ya zama na farko na farko don kundi na farko na OneRepublic Dreaming Out Loud (2007), wanda Greg Wells ya samar.  Sigar Timbaland ta tsallake solo na guitar bayan aya ta biyu a cikin asali, kuma ya haɗa da ƙarin layin kaɗa, sabbin muryoyin goyan baya, da ƙarin samfuran sauti, ban da haɗar sauti da wasu ƙananan canje-canje.  Waƙar ita ce mafi girman wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo da aka buga a tarihin Mainstream Top 40 Chart a Amurka, tare da wasan kwaikwayo 10,394 a cikin mako guda, har sai da Leona Lewis ta "Bleeding Love" ta karya rikodin ta, wanda kuma Tedder ya rubuta.. Waƙar ta kasance babbar nasara a duniya, ta kai lamba ɗaya a cikin ƙasashe 16, gami da Ostiraliya, Austria, Kanada, Jamus, Italiya, New Zealand, Sweden, Turkiyya, da Netherlands, tare da kasancewa a lamba ɗaya na makonni takwas a jere a kan jadawalin <nowiki><i id="mwKg">Billboard</i></nowiki> Pop 100. Waƙar ta kai lamba ta biyu a kan <nowiki><i id="mwLA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100, ta kasance a saman 10 na makonni 25, kuma ta kwashe makonni 13 a lamba daya a Kanada. "Gafara" sun sami band ɗin kyautar kyautar Grammy Award don Mafi kyawun Ayyukan Pop ta Duo ko Ƙungiya tare da Vocals kuma an sanya shi lambar 50 a jerin jerin waƙoƙin Billboard Hot 100 na All-Time Top Songs daga ginshiƙi na farko na shekaru 50. Ya shafe makonni 25 a jere a saman 10, mafi tsayin daka a can don kowane waƙa ta hanyar "Sta3"  Manyan goma daga 1999 zuwa 2000. [1] Hakanan an sanya shi lamba 10 akan Waƙoƙin Goma 100 na Billboard == Bidiyo na kiɗa == An yi fim din bidiyo na hukuma da ke da alaƙa da remix a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2007, kuma an sake shi a farkon Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OneRepublic-ALBUM OUT NOW!!!! - City of Angels, California – Rock / Alternative / Pop |url=http://www.myspace.com/onerepublic |access-date=October 24, 2011 |publisher=[[Myspace]]}}</ref> An fara bidiyon ne a kan VH1's Top 20 Countdown a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2007. Robert Hales ne ya ba da umarnin bidiyon kuma an harbe shi a cikin ɗakin rikodin da ke nuna OneRepublic yana yin waƙar. Bidiyo ya kuma haɗa da al'amuran daga wani biki na Sabuwar Shekara ta Hauwa'u, wanda ya hada da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Brian A. Pollack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2007 |title=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic – Apologize (CD) at Discogs |url=http://www.discogs.com/release/1220405 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |publisher=Discogs}}</ref> A cikin sigar ta uku ta bidiyon, wanda Robert Hales ya ba da umarni kuma ya haɗa da remix ɗin, an nuna Timbaland yana sake maimaita waƙar da kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Video |url=http://www.evertube.com/videos/watch/KHfyDxy8i5o/timbaland-apologize-official-music-video.html |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Evertube.com}}</ref> Wani bidiyon Turai yana nuna shirye-shiryen bidiyo na fim din ''Keinohrhasen'', tare da Til Schweiger . An kuma samar da bidiyon Jafananci na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Yana da nau'ikan fim iri ɗaya kamar na asali amma yana da ƙarin al'amuran daga kusurwoyi daban-daban na kyamara. Har ila yau, yana nuna hotunan mutane suna fadowa da iyo a cikin iska a hankali. Bidiyo na kiɗa a halin yanzu yana da ra'ayoyi miliyan 758.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2009 |title=Timbaland - Apologize ft. OneRepublic |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013123407/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSM3w1v-A_Y |archive-date=October 13, 2022 |access-date=Oct 16, 2022 |publisher=YouTube }}</ref> == Ayyukan jadawalin == "Apologize" shi ne fashewar OneRepublic. A Amurka, "Apologize" ya kai lamba ta biyu a kan ''Billboard'' Hot 100 na makonni huɗu da ba a jere ba. Ya shafe makonni 11 a lamba uku da makonni 25 a cikin saman 10 kuma ya kai lamba uku na makonni 10 a kan Hot 100 Airplay. Har ila yau, ya hau kan ''Billboard'' Pop 100 kuma ya zama na uku daga Shock Value don ya hau kan ginshiƙi. Har ila yau, ya zama kundi na farko na farko a kan ''Billboard'' Adult Top 40. Har ila yau, ita ce ta biyu a jere daga Shock Value don kaiwa lamba ɗaya a rediyo na Amurka Mainstream Top 40. Ya zama waƙar goma kawai don sayar da sama da miliyan 5 a watan Mayu 2011 a Amurka. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2014, ya sayar da 5,819,000. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2009, an sanya waƙar a matsayi na goma a kan jadawalin Billboard Hot 100 Decade-End, yana mai da shi waƙar da ta fi girma kuma kawai waƙar da ke saman 10 a can ba don a saman jadawalin mako-mako na Billboard Hot 100 ba. A Burtaniya, "Apologize" ya hau zuwa lamba 32 a kan ƙarfin sauke dijital kadai, kuma ya kai lamba uku. Waƙar ta shafe makonni 28 a jere a saman 40 da makonni 13 a saman 10. Waƙar ta ƙare a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin ta goma sha shida mafi girma a Burtaniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 40 Singles of the Year 2007 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205090257/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/singles2007.shtml |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |access-date=December 30, 2007 |website=BBC Radio 1 |publisher=[[BBC Music]]}}</ref> A Ostiraliya, ɗayan ya fara ne a lamba 10 a kan ARIA Singles Chart, kuma ya kai lamba ɗaya. Ya kasance a saman makonni takwas a jere, Ruwa ARIA ta tabbatar da shi 4× Platinum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Singles Chart – Australian Record Industry Association |url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231022347/http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1U50 |archive-date=December 31, 2007 |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=Ariacharts.com.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2007 |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-top-100-singles-2007.htm |access-date=May 13, 2015 |publisher=ARIA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Steffen Hung |title=Timbaland presents OneRepublic – Apologize |url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Timbaland+presents+OneRepublic&titel=Apologize&cat=s |access-date=October 24, 2011 |website=australian-charts.com}}</ref> Waƙar ta kai lamba ɗaya a kan Hot 100 na Kanada da New Zealand RIANZ Chart . Ita ce mafi yawan saukewa a kowane lokaci a Ostiraliya da New Zealand. A kan jadawalin Hot 100 Singles na Turai na ''Billboard'', waƙar ta fara ne a lamba 16, yana mai da shi matsayi mafi girma na kowane sabon aiki a tarihin ginshiƙi. Daga baya ya shiga saman 10. Waƙar ta tafi zinariya a Rasha tare da 100,000 kofe sayar.<ref name="bare_url">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002100728/http://2m-online.ru/news/detail.php?ID=5659 |archive-date=2 October 2013 |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=2m-online.ru}}</ref> A Jamus, an sauke waƙar sau 437,000, yana mai da ita ta uku mafi kyawun saukewa a kowane lokaci bayan [[Lady Gaga]]'s "Poker Face" da Lena Meyer-Landrut's "Satellite".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Poker Face' knackt 500.000er-Download-Marke |url=http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129073337/http://www.gfk-entertainment.com/news/poker-face-knackt-500000er-download-marke.html |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=September 15, 2011 |website=Media-control.de}}</ref> == Jerin waƙoƙi == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} *'''European CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 *'''European enhanced CD single''' #"Apologize" (Timbaland presents OneRepublic) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (OneRepublic version) — 3:25 #"[[The Way I Are]]" (OneRepublic remix) — 3:31 #"Apologize" (video) {{Col-2}} *'''UK CD single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"[[Give It to Me (Timbaland song)|Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)]]" (remix featuring [[Justin Timberlake]] and [[Jay-Z]]) [radio edit] — 3:16 *'''UK 12" single''' #"Apologize" (Album) — 3:04 #"Apologize" (Instrumental) — 3:04 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix featuring Justin Timberlake and Jay-Z) [explicit] — 3:20 #"Give It to Me (Laugh at Em)" (remix instrumental) — 3:17 {{Col-end}} == Ma'aikata == * Ryan Tedder - jagora murya, murya ta baya, piano&nbsp; * Zach Filkins - jagora guitar, viola, goyon baya murya&nbsp; * Drew Brown - maɓallan, guitar, glockenspiel&nbsp; * Eddie Fisher - drum, percussion&nbsp; * Brent Kutzle - cello, bass&nbsp; == Rufin == * Mawallafin Australiya Natalie Gauci ta raira waƙar a cikin fitowar karshe na kakar wasa ta biyar ta Australian Idol a cikin 2007. * Luke Bryan ya rufe "Apologize" a kan Doin 'My Thing . <ref name="Luke Bryan Covers Apologize">{{Cite web |title=Luke Bryan's country cover of OneRepublic's 'Apologize': Hear it exclusively on EW.com! |url=http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Music-mix.ew.com |archive-date=January 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122171830/http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/24/luke-bryan-onerepublic-apologize-exclusive/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kris Allen ya rufe "Apologize" a karo na takwas na American Idol . * Ƙungiyar symphonic metal ta Dutch A cikin Temptation ta rufe waƙar a matsayin wani ɓangare na gabatarwar rediyo na mako-mako don bikin cika shekaru 15, Elements . Waƙar kuma an nuna ta a cikin kundin murfin su The Q-Music Sessions . * Kungiyar Sweden ta All Ends ta rufe waƙar a cikin kundin su All Ends . * Ƙungiyar post-hardcore ta Kanada Silverstein ta rufe waƙar a kan kundin tarin Punk Goes Pop 2. * A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2010, Soomo Publishing ta ɗora wani nau'i na wannan waƙa, mai taken "Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration" zuwa [[YouTube]], wanda ke da ra'ayoyi sama da miliyan 14 har zuwa ranar 21 ga Fabrairun, 2025.<ref name="Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration">{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2010 |title=Too Late to Apologize: A Declaration |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfRaWAtBVg |access-date=March 11, 2022 |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa Willam ya fitar da murfin murya a cikin 2013 mai taken "RuPaulogize" inda ta tattauna abubuwan da ta samu da rashin cancanta a kakar wasa ta huɗu ta RuPaul's Drag Race . Wanda ya lashe kakar Sharon Needles ya buga RuPaul. * Mawakin kasar Kacey Musgraves da Pixie Lott sun kuma rufe "Apologize". * [[Taylor Swift]] ta rufe wannan waƙa a kan Speak Now World Tour a matsayin mashup tare da waƙoƙinta "Back to December" da "Ba You're Not Sorry". == Shafuka == {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} === Weekly charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |- !scope="col"| Chart (2007–2008) !scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- {{single chart|Australia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Australiaurban|1|url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080520233743/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20080520-0000/issue948.pdf|urltitle=Issue 948|rowheader=true|access-date=March 4, 2022}} |- {{single chart|Austria|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Flanders|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Wallonia|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Canada|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadaac|2|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadachrtop40|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardcanadahotac|1|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|artistid={{BillboardID|Timbaland}}|access-date=June 24, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|CIS|1|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- !scope="row"|Croatia Airplay ([[Top lista]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/hr/top20/maineng.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120045246/http://www.hrt.hr:80/hr/top20/strana_lista.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 20, 2007|title=Top Lista Hrvatskog Radija|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|access-date=March 14, 2021}}</ref> |3 |- {{single chart|Czech Republic|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=08|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Denmark|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|[[European Hot 100 Singles]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Hits of the World: Eurocharts|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|volume=119|issue=48|page=81|date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Finland|4|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|France|7|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Germany|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=303692|access-date=October 16, 2018|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Germany ([[German Airplay Chart|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |title=Radio-Charts Deutschland – Chartwoche 02/2008 |work=MusicTrace |publisher=RadioCharts.com |language=de |access-date=June 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080121190030/http://www.radiocharts.com/html/charts_de_main.htm |archive-date=January 21, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |1 |- {{single chart|Hungary|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=34|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Hungarydance|29|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2008|week=10|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Ireland2|2|artist=Timbaland featuring One Republic|song=Apologize|access-date=January 15, 2020|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Italy|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch40|1|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|week=52|year=2007|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Dutch100|2|artist=Timbaland presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=December 17, 2019|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|New Zealand|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Norway|2|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Poland ([[Polish Music Charts|Airplay Chart]])<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106121714/http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol|title=Nielsen Music Control|archive-date=January 6, 2008|url=http://www.nielsenmusiccontrol.com/index_pol}}</ref> |1 |- !scope="row"|[[Portugal Digital Songs]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Portugal Digital Songs: Feb. 02, 2008|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2008-02-02/portugal|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|access-date=September 3, 2018}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Jan 24, 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=July 1, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701080135/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20080118-20080124|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|Scotland|6|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=November 18, 2021|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Slovakia|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|year=2007|week=45|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Sweden|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Switzerland|1|artist=Timbaland Presents OneRepublic|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- !scope="row"|Turkey (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com.tr/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|title=Turkish Top 20|magazine=[[Billboard Türkiye|Billboard]]|access-date=September 21, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512070737/http://www.billboard.com.tr:80/pages/Turkiye_top20.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 12, 2008}}</ref> |1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Dec 27, 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044837/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20071221-20071227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- {{single chart|UK|3|artist=OneRepublic|song=Apologize|date=20071117|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardhot100|2|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultcontemporary|4|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardadultpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboarddanceclubplay|35|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrandbhiphop|60|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardpopsongs|1|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |- {{single chart|Billboardrhythmic|5|artist=Timbaland|song=Apologize|access-date=September 13, 2012|rowheader=true}} |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2009 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2009) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|180|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 173 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 119 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2010 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2010) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|91|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Weekly Chart: Nov 11, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044854/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/weekly/20101105-20101111|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 89 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Nov 25, 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805045045/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20101119-20101125|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 91 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2011 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2011) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- {{single chart|CIS|182|artist=Timbaland & OneRepublic|song=Apologize|songid=9625|access-date=February 10, 2025|rowheader=true|refname=CIS}} |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: May 12, 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=June 15, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615174027/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20110506-20110512|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 83 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2012 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2012) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 121 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2013 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2013) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2014 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2014) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 27, 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=January 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126044408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20140221-20140227|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 31 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2015 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2015) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Weekly Chart: Feb 19, 2015|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044827/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/weekly/20150213-20150219|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 87 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2020 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2020) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 150 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2022 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2022) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 108 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2023 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2023) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 145 |- ! scope="row"| Romania Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref name="CIS"/> | 142 |- |} {|class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2024 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2024) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Weekly Chart: Feb 29, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203003453/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/weekly/20240426-20240502|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 79 |- ! scope="row"| Moldova Airplay ([[TopHit]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|title=Top Radio Hits Moldova Weekly Chart: Dec 5, 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=December 8, 2024|archive-date=December 10, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210195857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/md/weekly/20241129-20241205|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 43 |- |} {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+2025 weekly chart performance for "Apologize" !scope="col"|Chart (2025) !scope="col"|Peak<br/>position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref name="CIS"/> | 155 |- |} {{Col-2}} ===Monthly charts=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2007 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2007) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044829/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805230449/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 5 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: December 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044758/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200712|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ 2008 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2008) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Global Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044836/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=August 5, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250805044751/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: January 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 26, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251026082147/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/200801|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 13 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2014 monthly chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2014) ! scope="col"| Peak<br />position |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Monthly Chart: February 2014|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=November 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127181754/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/monthly/201402|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 93 |} === Year-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2007) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2007/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2007 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2007 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110501090330/http://www.austriancharts.at/2007_single.asp |archive-date=May 1, 2011 |df=mdy }}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|[[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2007|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 3, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103214229/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|title=European Hot 100 Singles|magazine=Billboard|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513023130/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/european_hot_singles.jsp|archive-date=May 13, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2022}}</ref> | 48 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2007 | publisher=Universität Würzburg | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125061939/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2007/deu_2007t.html | archive-date=November 25, 2010}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Ireland (IRMA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.irma.ie/best2007.htm | title=2007 Year End Charts | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=June 20, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620142325/http://irma.ie/best2007.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2007.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 43, 2007 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=October 30, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 80 |- !scope="row"|New Zealand (RIANZ)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/annual-singles/2007-12-31 |title=Top Selling Singles of 2007 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |access-date=May 19, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511184208/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=2088 |archive-date=May 11, 2015 }}</ref> | 9 |- ! scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131857/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 111 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2007 |publisher=[[Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening]] |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150255/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20070001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2007 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2007 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2007|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 25, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251025084037/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 140 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2007.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2007 | publisher=[[UKChartsPlus]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 16 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129032604/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2007/hot-100-songs | title=2007 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= November 29, 2012}}</ref> | 66 |} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" | Chart (2008) ! scope="col" | Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.aria.com.au/charts/2008/singles-chart | title=ARIA Top 100 Singles for 2008 | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 32 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |title=Jahreshitparade 2008 |publisher=Hung Medien |work=austriancharts.at |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=de |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110249/http://www.austriancharts.at/2008_single.asp |archive-date=December 24, 2013 }}</ref> | 2 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Jaaroverzichten 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 12 |- !scope="row"|Belgium (Ultratop 40 Wallonia)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/annual.asp?year=2008 | title=Rapports Annuels 2008 (Singles) | publisher=Hung Medien | work=ultratop.be | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=fr}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Brazil ([[Crowley Broadcast Analysis|Crowley]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://maistocadas.mus.br/2008/|title=Brazilian Top 100 Year-End 2008|publisher=[[Crowley Broadcast Analysis]]|date=April 3, 2018|access-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref> | 11 |- !scope="row"|Canada (Canadian Hot 100)<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/canadian-hot-100 | title=Best of 2008: Canadian Hot 100 | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Canada AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |3 |- !scope="row"|Canada CHR/Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada CHR/Top 40 Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=35}}</ref> | 14 |- !scope="row"|Canada Hot AC (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|date=December 12, 2008|title=Top Canada Hot AC Songs|magazine=[[R&R (magazine)|R&R]]|page=67}}</ref> |12 |- !scope="row"|CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top Radio Hits Global Annual Chart: 2008|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|access-date=February 10, 2025|publisher=[[TopHit]]|archive-date=January 20, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120134919/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 6 |- !scope="row"|European Hot 100 Singles (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004235856/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/european-hot-100-singles | title=2008 Year End Charts – European Hot 100 Singles | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 4, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|France (SNEP)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224181046/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/page-259376.xml?year=2008 | title=Classement Singles – année 2008 | publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= December 24, 2013| language=fr}}</ref> | 46 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control GfK)<ref>{{cite web| url=http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| title=German Top 20 – The Chart Of 2008| publisher=Universität Würzburg| access-date=May 13, 2015| archive-date=October 19, 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019144133/http://ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~topsi/deu2008/deu_2008t.html| url-status=dead}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |title=MAHASZ Rádiós TOP 100 2008 |publisher=Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=hu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228195209/http://mahasz.hu/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=eves_osszesitett_listak&id=radios&ev=2008 |archive-date=December 28, 2010 }}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|Italy (FIMI)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |title=Classifiche ufficiali degli Album e dei DVD musicali più venduti e dei singoli più scaricati dalla rete nel 2008 |publisher=Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana |language=it |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=7 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125064544/http://www.fimi.it/news/classifiche-ufficiali-degli-album-e-dei-dvd-musicali-piu-venduti-e-dei-singoli-piu-scaricati-dalla-rete-nel-2008 |archive-date=25 January 2016}} ''Click on "Scarica allegato" to download the zipped file containing the year-end chart files.''</ref> | 8 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.top40web.nl/jaarlijsten/jr2008.html | title=Top 40 – Jaargang 44, 2008 | publisher=[[Dutch Top 40]] Stichting Nederlandse Top 40 | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=nl}}</ref> | 21 |- !scope="row"|Netherlands (Single Top 100)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dutchcharts.nl/jaaroverzichten.asp?year=2008&cat=s|title=Jaaroverzichten – Single 2008|publisher=MegaCharts|language=nl|access-date=December 17, 2019}}</ref> | 41 |- !scope="row"|Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427112021/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 7 |- !scope="row"|Spain (PROMUSICAE)<ref name=PROMUSICAE>{{cite web | url=http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709223341/http://www.promusicae.org/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20%20ANUAL%202008.pdf | title=Promusicae 2008 | publisher=[[PROMUSICAE]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=es | archive-date = July 9, 2013}}</ref> | 36 |- !scope="row"|Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |title=Årslista Singlar – År 2008 |publisher=Grammofon Leverantörernas Förening |access-date=September 15, 2012 |language=sv |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121150254/http://www.hitlistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=43&dfom=20080001 |archive-date=January 21, 2016 }}</ref> | 29 |- !scope="row"|Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/year.asp?key=2008 | title=Swiss Year-End Charts 2008 | publisher=Hung Medien | work=swisscharts.com | access-date=September 15, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2008|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421184028/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (OCC)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ukchartsplus.co.uk/ChartsPlusYE2008.pdf | title=End Of Year Charts: 2008 | publisher=UKChartsPlus | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 54 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006014155/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-100-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 6, 2012}}</ref> | 5 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Contemporary (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-contemporary-songs|title=Adult Contemporary Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 3 |- !scope="row"|US Adult Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/adult-pop-songs|title=Adult Pop Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 9 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | title=2008 Year End Charts – Mainstream Top 40 Songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803180821/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/yearendcharts/2008/hot-mainstream-40-songs | publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]] | magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=August 3, 2011}}</ref> | 4 |- !scope="row"|US Rhythmic Airplay (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2008/rhythmic-songs|title=Rhythmic Songs – Year-End 2008|magazine=Billboard|access-date=September 22, 2019}}</ref> | 24 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2010 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2010) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2010|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 7, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182552/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 153 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2011 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2011) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Annual Chart: 2011|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=October 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008012715/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/annual/2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 179 |- |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2024 year-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"| Chart (2024) ! scope="col"| Position |- !scope="row"|Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Annual Chart: 2024|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 30, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430145408/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/annual/2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 177 |- |} === Decade-end charts === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 2000s decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2000–2009) ! scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|Australia (ARIA)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/documents/2000sDecadeChartssingles.pdf | title=ARIA Chart Sales – ARIA End of Decade Singles/Top 100 | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | access-date=September 15, 2012 }}</ref> | 25 |- !scope="row"|Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 75)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://austriancharts.at/00er_single.asp | title=Bestenlisten – 00er-Single | publisher=Hung Medien | work=austriancharts.at | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 30 |- ! scope="row"| CIS Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Global Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=September 11, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911211012/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/global/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|Germany (Media Control Charts)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rtl.de/cms/sendungen/show/die-ultimative-chartshow/hits-neue-jahrtausend-download.html | title=Die erfolgreichsten Hits des neuen Jahrtausends | publisher=[[RTL Television]]. [[RTL Group]] | access-date=September 15, 2012 | language=de}}</ref> | 4 |- ! scope="row"| Russia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Russia Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=May 1, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421192151/https://tophit.com/ru/chart/top/radio/hits/ru/decade/2000|archive-date=April 21, 2024}}</ref> | 13 |- ! scope="row"| Ukraine Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|title=Top Radio Hits Ukraine Decade Chart: 00s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=April 27, 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250427100804/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ua/decade/2000|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 52 |- !scope="row"|UK Singles (Official Charts Company)<ref>{{cite video | title=Radio 1 Official Chart of the Decade | publisher=[[BBC Radio 1]]. [[BBC]] | date=December 29, 2009 | people=[[DJ Nihal|Arthanayake, Nihal]] | medium=radio show}}</ref> | 90 |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925233947/http://www1.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/hot100-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date= September 25, 2013}}</ref> | 10 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003173123/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/decadeendcharts/2009/pop-songs | title=Decade End Charts – Pop Songs | publisher=Prometheus Global Media | magazine=Billboard | access-date=September 15, 2012 | archive-date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> | 1 |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+ 20s Decade-end chart performance for "Apologize" ! scope="col"|Chart (2020–2025) ! scope="col"|Position |- ! scope="row"| Estonia Airplay (TopHit)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|title=Top Radio Hits Estonia Decade Chart: 20s|publisher=[[TopHit]]|access-date=February 10, 2025|archive-date=December 8, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208033752/https://tophit.com/chart/top/radio/hits/ee/decade/2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> | 106 |- |} ===All-time charts=== {|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" !scope="col"|Chart !scope="col"|Position |- !scope="row"|US ''Billboard'' Hot 100<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100-60th-anniversary|title=Billboard Hot 100 60th Anniversary Interactive Chart|magazine=Billboard|access-date=10 December 2018}}</ref> | 64 |- !scope="row"|US Mainstream Top 40 (''Billboard'')<ref>{{cite magazine|url= https://www.billboard.com/charts/greatest-of-all-time-pop-songs |title= GREATEST OF ALL TIME POP SONGS: Page 1 |magazine= Billboard |date= 1 August 2018 |access-date= 1 August 2018}}</ref> | 4 |} {{Col-end}} == Takaddun shaida da tallace-tallace == == Tarihin saki == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Ranar fitarwa da tsarin "Gaskiya" ! scope="col" |Yankin ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Tsarin ! scope="col" |Alamar ! scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Amurka |Satumba 11, 2007 |Rediyo na zamani | rowspan="2" |Interscope |<ref>{{Cite web |title=FMQB: Radio Industry News, Music Industry Updates, Arbitron Ratings, Music News and more! |url=http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228114948/http://fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=69239#2007 |archive-date=28 December 2007 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=fmqb.com}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16, 2007 |sauke dijital |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-10-24 |title=Amazon.com: Apologize: MP3 Downloads: OneRepublic |url=http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174615/http://www.amazon.com/Apologize/dp/B000X12NDI |archive-date=October 24, 2007 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Amazon}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ƙasar Ingila |29 ga Oktoba, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |Polydor |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Apologize-OneRepublic/dp/B000WS4P92 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.co.uk}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Jamus |Nuwamba 9, 2007 |{{Hlist|CD single|[[Enhanced CD|enhanced]] CD single}} | rowspan="2" |Duniya |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Timbaland-Onerepublic/dp/B000X74RL8 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apologize |url=https://www.amazon.de/Apologize-Timbaland-Feat-One-Republic/dp/B000XCVNAG |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Amazon.de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |Ostiraliya |Nuwamba 19, 2007 |CD guda ɗaya |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2008 |title=The ARIA Report |url=http://www.aria.com.au/issue924.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20080222222442/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20071120-0000/issue924.pdf |archive-date=February 22, 2008 |access-date=March 11, 2022 |website=Webarchive.nla.gov.au}}</ref> |- |} == Dubi kuma == {{Div col}} * [[List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 2007]] * [[List of European number-one hits of 2007]] * [[List of highest-certified singles in Australia]] * [[List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 (Canada)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Austria)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Germany)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Sweden)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2007 (Switzerland)]] * [[List of number-one hits of 2008 (Italy)]] * [[List of number-one singles from the 2000s (New Zealand)]] * [[List of number-one singles in Australia in 2007]] {{Div col end}} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] egm5ab5ripg8q6zhuxe40hjql58fcr9 0 106066 905603 710363 2026-08-21T11:47:24Z Maiakwai4u 37986 905603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Progressive Alliance of Liberia (PAL)''' : wata ƙungiya ce ta siyasa kuma mai adawa da aka kafata a shekara ta 1975 a kasar Laberiya a karkashin jagorancin ƙungiyar 'yan Liberiya ne daga Amurka da ɗaliban kasar. An shirya Kungiyar Ilimi ta Siyasa ta kungiyar, an shirya, kuma an ba da takaddun shaida ta hanyar sa hannun shugaban da ya kafa PAL, [[Gabriel Baccus Matthews]]. Mambobin Kungiyar Ilimi ta Siyasa ta matasa dalibai shida na Laberiya sune: * Nathaniel O. Beh * Thomas Z. Deyagbo * Michael C.G. George * Saywalah Kesselly * [[Isa|Yesu]] Swaray Ba a taɓa gano memba na shida ba. Wannan kungiyar da ke Monrovia, PAL, a lokacin tana da alhakin kamfen ɗin ƙofa-ƙofa, da shirya taron buɗewa a cikin ƙasar da son rai, don shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a ta siyasa a cikin yankuna ciki har da, New Kru Towns, Bozy's Quarter, Slipway, Westpoints, Airfield, Lakpahsu Sinkor da sauran yankuna a cikin dukan manyan biranen Monrovia. Har ila yau, kungiyar tana da babban mai tsarawa a yankunan metro, D. Kahn Carlor . Progressive Alliance Of Liberia ba jam'iyyar siyasa ba ce kamar yadda aka ambata a wasu bangarori; maimakon haka, ita ce kungiyar da ta kafa jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party (PPP) wacce ta haifar da mummunar yunkurin adawa a Laberiya a kan babbar tsohuwar jam'iyyar True Whig Party, a siyasar Laberiya. Kafin PAL kuma, daga baya, PPP Jam'iyyar True Whig ta kawar da mambobi da yawa na 'yan adawa ta hanyar zarge-zargen ƙarya na tayar da kayar baya wanda a mafi yawan lokuta, a hankali ya haifar da mutuwarsu ko ɗaurin kurkuku tare da azabtarwa na yau da kullun. PAL ba kungiya ce ta Marxist ba, kuma ba ta da sha'awar zama ɗaya. Kungiyar ta yi amfani da tanadi da labarai a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Laberiya a duk ayyukanta na tsara rassan gida a wasu sassan kasar. Tana da Sakatare Janar, Mista Oscar J. Quah, a cikin gundumar Nimba, suna shirya kamar yadda aka yi a cikin yankunan Monrovia. Mista Quah ya ziyarci Ofishin Tsakiya na Monrovia akai-akai duk da cewa ya yi imanin cewa hanyoyin tattarawa na PAL za su kasance mafi aminci daga cikin Jamhuriyar. Ba kamar Shugaban Matthews ba, wanda ya yi imanin cewa Monrovia zai zama mafi kyau da kuma tashin hankali don farawa, an fahimci batun Sakatare Janar Quah sosai tunda hakika, GOP (German Party Whig) a lokacin, ba zai yarda da 'yan adawa ba, bai yi haka ba a baya, kuma ba ya nuna cewa zai yi. Jam'iyyun adawa da ba su yarda da Whigs na Gaskiya ba ko falsafancinsa da ayyukansa (musamman wadanda ba su yi imani da "kamar yadda mutum ya ce, kamar yadda duk" ra'ayoyin da kuma cin hanci da rashawa mai yawa a cikin mulki don ƙarawa, an dauke su abokan gaba na Jamhuriyar, an zarge su da laifin tayar da kayar baya, an kama su kuma an ɗaure su. == Rikicin shinkafa == A farkon watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1979, Ministan Noma na Liberia, Florence Chenoweth, ta ba da shawarar karuwar farashin [[shinkafa]] daga $ 22 a kowace jaka ta fam 100 zuwa $ 26. Chenoweth ya tabbatar da cewa karuwar za ta zama ƙarin motsawa ga manoman shinkafa su zauna a ƙasar kuma su samar da shinkafa a matsayin amfanin gona da amfanin gona, maimakon barin gonakin su don aiki a cikin birane ko a kan gonakin roba. Koyaya, abokan adawar siyasa sun soki shawarar a matsayin girman kai, suna nuna cewa Chenoweth da dangin Shugaba William Tolbert suna gudanar da manyan gonakin shinkafa kuma saboda haka za su sami riba mai kyau daga karuwar farashin da aka tsara. Kungiyar Progressive Alliance of Liberia ta yi kira ga zanga-zangar lumana a [[Monrovia]] don nuna rashin amincewa da karuwar farashin da aka gabatar. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1979, kimanin masu fafutuka 2,000 sun fara abin da aka shirya a matsayin tafiya ta zaman lafiya a kan Executive Mansion. Yunkurin zanga-zangar ya karu sosai lokacin da masu zanga-zambe suka haɗu da mutane sama da 10,000 "yan kasuwa na baya," wanda ya sa yunkurin ya zama rikici na rikici da hallaka.<ref name="rice" /> Yaduwar fashi na shagunan sayar da kayayyaki da wuraren ajiyar shinkafa sun biyo baya tare da lalacewar dukiyar masu zaman kansu da aka kiyasta sun wuce dala miliyan 40. Gwamnati ta kira sojoji don karfafa rundunonin 'yan sanda a babban birnin, wadanda yawan masu tayar da kayar baya ya mamaye su. A cikin sa'o'i 12 na tashin hankali a titunan birnin, akalla fararen hula 40 sun mutu, kuma fiye da 500 sun ji rauni. A shekara ta 2008, tsohon Janar Coordinator na Majalisar Ceto ta Jama'a, D. Kaine Carlo ya ba da shaida a gaban Hukumar Gaskiya da Sulhu ta Liberia cewa an kashe kusan mambobi 300 na PAL kadai a cikin murkushewar. An kama wasu daruruwan mutane.<ref name="rice">{{Cite web |title=The Rice Riots |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1985/liberia_1_riceriots.htm |access-date=2010-01-29 |publisher=Global Security}}</ref> == Sakamakon haka == Rikicin Rice ya lalata amincin Tolbert sosai.<ref name="BriefHistory">{{Cite web |last=Peter Dennis |date=May 2006 |title=A Brief History of Liberia |url=http://www.ictj.org/static/Africa/Liberia/BriefHistory.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712125929/http://www.ictj.org/static/Africa/Liberia/BriefHistory.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-12 |access-date=January 30, 2010 |publisher=The International Center for Transitional Justice}}</ref> A watan Janairun 1980, Tolbert ya ba da izinin Progressive Alliance of Liberia ta zama Jam'iyyar Progressive People's Party (PPP) da aka yi rajista a hukumance. An kashe Tolbert kuma an hambarar da gwamnatinsa a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 1980 a juyin mulkin soja karkashin jagorancin Master Sergeant [[Samuel Doe]], kusan shekara guda bayan tashin hankali. Sergeant Doe ya ba da umarnin sakin kusan shugabannin PPP 50 da aka daure. Ya nada Gabriel Baccus Matthews a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje da Chea Cheapoo a matsayin Babban Lauyan. A shekara ta 1981, duk da haka, PPP ta fadi daga tagomashi tare da Doe, wanda ya zama mai mulkin kama karya. An sake tsara PPP da aka haramta a matsayin Jam'iyyar United People's Party (UPP). A cikin shekarun 1980s, Baccus Matthews yana da rawar da ya taka a matsayin babban dan siyasa na adawa a Laberiya. A cikin 1990 a karkashin Amos Sawyer a matsayin Shugaban rikon kwarya bayan mutuwar Doe, an sake nada shi a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje. Dukansu Matthews (don Jam'iyyar United People's Party) da Cheapoo (don sake kafa Jam'iyyar Progressive People's) sun tsaya takarar [[Liberian presidential election, 1997|Zaben shugaban kasa na 1997]]. Tsohon memba na PAL / PPP da UPP [[Sekou Conneh]] ya zama shugaban kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) a cikin 1999, wanda ya hada da wasu tsoffin magoya bayan Doe, kuma ya yi yakin basasa da Taylor har zuwa 2003. Conneh ya tsaya takara a matsayin dan takarar [[Progressive Democratic Party (Liberia)|Jam'iyyar Progressive Democratic Party]] (PRODEM) a [[Liberian general election, 2005|Zaben shugaban kasa na 2005]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyin Siyasa a Laberiya]] e9jugtzcee6edsiexzzskjl54ovnunw 0 107236 905547 859142 2026-08-21T10:15:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An bayyana Isra'ila a cikin Sanarwar cewa 'yancin kai a matsayin "jaha ta Yahudawa" <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Avalon Project : Declaration of Israel's Independence 1948 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/israel.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Avalon.law.yale.edu}}</ref> - an karɓi ma'anar doka "Jiha ta Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya" a shekara ta 1985. Baya ga yawancin Yahudawa a yankin ban da [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Yankunan Palasdinawa]] da aka mamaye, Isra'ila gida ce ga 'yan tsiraru na addini da kabilanci, wasu daga cikinsu suna ba da rahoton nuna bambanci. A cikin yankunan Palasdinawa, Gwamnatocin Isra'ila da suka biyo baya sun fuskanci zargi na kasa da kasa daga wasu ƙasashe da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na kasa da na cikin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-01 |title=Israel's apartheid against Palestinians |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/campaigns/2022/02/israels-system-of-apartheid/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=[[Human Rights Watch]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/topic/apartheid |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[B'Tselem]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ארכיון Settler Violence |url=https://www.yesh-din.org/en/category/settler-violence/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=[[Yesh Din]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin Dokokin Ƙananan na Isra'ila, wanda aka nufa don zama tushen kundin tsarin mulki na gaba, Dokokin Ƙarshen: Darajar Dan Adam da 'Yanci, babban kayan aiki ne don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da' yancin jama'a a Jihar Isra'ila.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gavison |first=Ruth |year=1985 |title=The Controversy over Israel's Bill of Rights |journal=Israel Yearbook of Human Rights |volume=15 |pages=113–154}}</ref> Koyaya, Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah sun nuna cewa wannan dokar ba ta ƙunshi tanadi na gaba ɗaya don daidaito da rashin nuna bambanci.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Inequality Report: The Palestinian Arab Minority in Israel - Adalah |url=https://www.adalah.org/en/content/view/7404 |access-date=2024-01-12 |website=www.adalah.org |language=en}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na kasa da kasa, tare da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, sun bayar da rahoton take hakkin bil'adama da kasar Isra'ila ke yi, musamman kan wasu tsiraru. Wadannan rahotanni sun hada da take hakkokin Falasdinawa, na ciki da wajen Isra'ila da kuma wasu kungiyoyi a Isra'ila. Freedom House ya bayyana Isra'ila a matsayin 'yanci na siyasa da dimokuradiyya fiye da kasashe makwabta a Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref name="jpost.com">{{Cite web |date=21 January 2013 |title=US watchdog: Israel is Mideast's only 'free' state |url=https://www.jpost.com/National-News/US-watchdog-Israel-is-Mideasts-only-free-state |access-date=21 August 2018 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]]}}</ref> Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar na shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, Isra'ila na fuskantar manyan matsalolin kare hakkin bil'adama game da nuna wariya ga hukumomi a kan al'ummar Larabawa na Isra'ila (da yawa daga cikinsu suna bayyana kansu a matsayin Falasdinu), 'yan Isra'ila da mata na Habasha, da kuma kula da 'yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure. Sauran matsalolin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da nuna wariyar hukuma ga Yahudawa waɗanda ba 'yan Orthodox ba da kuma iyalai masu aure, da cin zarafin ma'aikata a kan ma'aikatan kasashen waje. == Tarihi == Majalisar Tarayyar Al'ummai ta amince da ƙuduri a ranar 4 ga watan Satumba shekarar 1931 game da yanayin da ake buƙata kafin a kawo ƙarshen mulkin. Sabuwar gwamnati ta samar da wata sanarwa ta baki ko rubuce-rubuce da ta amince da karɓar wajibin tabbatar da daidaito na kabilanci da addinai. Wannan ƙuduri ya biyo bayan tsohuwar doka ta duniya a lokuta inda manyan iko suka taimaka wajen maido da ikon mallakar yankin. Ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan "Gwamnatin Falasdinu ta nan gaba" ya ƙunshi duka shirin rabuwa da Shirin Kare Ƙananan . Ya sanya 'yan tsiraru, mata, da' yancin addini a ƙarƙashin kariya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya. Shirin ya ba da takamaiman tabbacin haƙƙin ɗan adam na asali. Sabbin jihohin sun samar da sanarwa, wanda bisa ga abin da ya gabata ya yi daidai da yarjejeniya.<ref>See International Human Rights in Context, Henry J. Steiner, Philip Alston, Ryan Goodman, Oxford University Press US, 2008, {{ISBN|0-19-927942-X}}, page 100</ref> Kudin ya bayyana cewa "ka'idojin da ke cikin sanarwar an gane su a matsayin manyan dokoki na Jiha, kuma babu wata doka, ka'ida ko aikin hukuma da za su saba wa ko tsoma baki da waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma babu wani doka, ka-idaita ko aikin hukumi da zai mamaye su".<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181, November 29, 1947, C. Declarations |url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061029150108/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/un/res181.htm |archive-date=29 October 2006 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Yale.edu}}</ref> Sanarwar kafa kasar Isra'ila ta yi shelar, a ranar 14 ga watan Mayu shekarar 1948, cewa "haƙƙin Yahudawa na sake haifuwa na ƙasa a cikin ƙasarta" an amince da shi a cikin sanarwar Balfour na 2 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 1917, kuma an sake tabbatar da shi a cikin Umurnin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya wanda, musamman, ya ba da izini na kasa da kasa da Isra'ila ga Isra'ila da Isra'ila. hakkin Yahudawa na sake gina Gidansa na Ƙasa." Har ila yau, ta ayyana cewa kasar "za ta kasance a bude don hijirar Yahudawa da kuma tattara 'yan gudun hijirar; za ta bunkasa ci gaban kasar don amfanin dukan mazaunanta; za ta kasance bisa 'yanci, adalci da zaman lafiya kamar yadda annabawan Isra'ila suka tsara; za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na zamantakewa da 'yancin siyasa ga dukan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini, addini ko jinsi ba; za ta ba da tabbaci ga harshe, yanci ko jinsi; kiyaye Wurare Mai Tsarki na dukan addinai; kuma zai kasance da aminci ga ƙa'idodin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya." Wasu malaman Burtaniya suna jayayya cewa Isra'ila ba ta cika wajibinta na kare haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru ba.<ref>Yvonne Schmidt, "Foundations of Civil and Political Rights in Israel and the Occupied Territories", GRIN Verlag, 2008, {{ISBN|3-638-94450-6}}, page 98</ref> Asalin Dokar Isra'ila: Mutuncin Dan Adam da 'Yanci, ya ce muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam a Isra'ila za a kiyaye su bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar, amma ta keɓance musamman dokar da ta riga ta fara aiki. Masana harkokin shari'a na Isra'ila sun ce an yi amfani da kalmomin dokar ne don guje wa wahalar ba da fifiko ga daidaito, wanda ba a san shi ba. Sakamakon shi ne cewa za a iya jujjuya ƙa'idar daidaito ta hanyar doka ta yau da kullun, kuma ba za ta yi watsi da ka'idodin doka ko na alƙalai ba. == Matsayi na 'yanci,' yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a a Isra'ila == === 'Yancin zama ɗan ƙasa === Dokar kasa ta Isra'ila da Dokar Komawa, sun bambanta tsakanin Yahudawa Isra'ilawa da Falasdinawa Isra'ilawa ta hanyar sabunta ra'ayi na kasa yahudawa da ke bambanta da zama dan kasar Isra'ila. Duk da take, Dokar Ƙasa ba ta kafa ra'ayin ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ba, a maimakon haka tana danganta ɗan ƙasa da alaƙar addini. Dokar Kasa ta ba da izinin Palasdinawa su zama 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila ne kawai idan sun kasance (ko kuma zuriyar waɗanda ke wurin) a Isra'ila tsakanin shekarar 1948 da shekarar 1952. Wadannan ƙuntatawa sun cire duk waɗanda aka kore su ko waɗanda suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 da zuriyarsu. Dokar Komawa ta tabbatar da haƙƙin kowane [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] ya yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila kuma ya zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ta atomatik. Falasdinawa da zuriyarsu waɗanda aka kore su ko suka gudu tsakanin Disamba shekarar 1947 da watan Maris shekarar 1949 an hana su wannan haƙƙin.<ref name=":2"/> Dokar zama dan kasa da shiga cikin Isra'ila (2003) ta hana Falasdinawa daga yankunan Falasdinawa da aka mamaye 'yancin samun matsayin zama na Isra'ila ko zama dan kasa, ko da a lokuta da suka yi aure da 'yan Isra'ila. Wannan haramcin ya ta'allaka ne kan dan kasa ba kan wani lamari na tsaro ba.<ref name=":2"/> A ranar 28 ga watan Yuli, shekarar 2008, Knesset ta amince da Dokar zama ɗan ƙasa (gyara Lamba 9) (Ikon soke zama ɗan ƙasa) (2008), wanda ke ba da damar soke zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila bisa ga "cin amana". Musamman ma, keta amana na iya haɗawa da aikin zama a wasu ƙasashen Larabawa ko musulmi ko yankin Gaza. Wannan doka ta halatta soke zama ɗan ƙasa a kan haka ba tare da an yanke masa hukunci ba.<ref name=":2"/> === Hakki da 'yanci da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suka yi === Binciken da Freedom House mai hedkwata a Amurka ya gudanar a shekara ta 2013, wanda ke kokarin auna irin dimokuradiyya da 'yancin siyasa a kowace kasa, ya sanya Isra'ila tare da Tunisiya a matsayin kasa daya tilo da ke da 'yanci a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Arewacin Afirka.<ref name="jpost.com"/> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Rarrabawar Isra'ila, da yankunan da ta mamaye, ta Freedom House, The Economist Intelligence Unit da Transparency International''' |- style="text-align:center;" !Kasar / Ƙungiya - NGO ! colspan="3" |Gidan 'Yanci ! colspan="2" |Sashin leken asiri na tattalin arziki !Bayyanawa ta Duniya |- !Rahoton-Ranking ! colspan="3" |'Yanci a Duniya ! colspan="2" |Lissafin Dimokuradiyya !Rashin fahimta na cin hanci da rashawa |- ! !Rarraba 'yanci, Wani bangare na 'yanci<br /><small>'<span style="background:#99f; border:1px solid;">'Yanci'</span>, Wani ɓangare na' Yanci, <span style="background:#fcc; border:1px solid;">Ba 'Yanci ba</span></small> ![[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'Yancin siyasa]]<br /> ![[Ƴancin Jama'a|'Yancin Jama'a]]<br /> !Dimokuradiyya Rarraba Dimokuradiya Cikakken Dimokuradiyar, Dimokuradiyan da ba su da kyau, Tsarin Mulki<br /><small><span style="background:#99f; border:1px solid;">Cikakken dimokuradiyya</span>, <span style="background:#cfc; border:1px solid;">Dimokuradiyya mara kyau</span>, Tsarin Mulki na Hybrid, Tsarin Mulki<span style="background:#fcc; border:1px solid;">Tsarin mulki na mulkin mallaka</span></small> !Cikakken Sakamakon !Ra'ayoyin cin hanci da rashawa na siyasa<br /> |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" |Isra'ila | style="background:#99f;" |'Yanci' |1 |2 | style="background:#cfc;" |Dimokuradiyya mara kyau |7.79 |6.0 |- style="text-align:center;" | style="text-align:left;" |Yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye | style="background:#fcc;" |Ba 'Yanci ba |6 |6 |''N/A'' |''N/A'' |''N/A'' |} ; Bayani : * Ta hanyar Freedom House 2009 ratings.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Map of Freedom in the World |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref> Ga 'yancin siyasa da' yancin jama'a, 1 yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kyauta kuma 7 mafi ƙarancin kyauta. * Bisa ga The Economist Intelligence Unit 2010 ratings.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=Democracy Index 2010 |url=http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |access-date=2 December 2010 |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606141853/http://graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy_Index_2010_web.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cikakken dimokuradiyya suna da jimlar 10 zuwa 8, dimokuradiyar da ba ta dace ba tana da jimlar 7.9 zuwa 6, gwamnatocin haɗin gwiwa suna da jimillar 5.9 zuwa 4, kuma gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna da jimla daga 3.9 zuwa 1. Matsayin dimokuradiyya ya fi girma yayin da ci ya karu. * Dangane da ƙididdigar cin hanci da rashawa ta duniya ta shekara-shekara, ci ya kasance daga 10 (mai tsabta) zuwa 0 (mai cin hanci).<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=2008 Corruption Perceptions Index |url=http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311002755/http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table |archive-date=11 March 2009 |access-date=6 September 2009 |website=Transparency International Annual Report |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun soki gwamnatin Isra'ila saboda kai hari ga kungiyoyin farar hula da masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila (ACRI), babbar kungiyar 'yancin jama'a ta Isra'ila, jerin kokarin gwamnatin Isra'ila a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kai hari kan kungiyoyin fararen hula na Isra'ila da Kotun Koli na Isra'ila. Rahoton ACRI na Disamba 2017 ya gabatar da abin da yake kallo a matsayin misalan harin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta ci gaba da kai wa dimokuradiyyar Isra'ila, 'yancin ɗan adam, 'yancin yin zanga-zanga, mutunta kimar daidaici, da 'yancin siyasa, zamantakewa da 'yan tsiraru. Wannan yanayin a Isra'ila an kira shi "rashin bin tsarin mulki" ta wasu masu sharhi na shari'a. === Zaben, jam'iyyun siyasa, da wakilci === A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan Isra'ila, "Dokar ta bai wa 'yan kasar damar zabar gwamnatinsu a zabukan lokaci-lokaci na 'yanci da adalci bisa tsarin zabe na bai daya, kuma 'yan kasar sun yi amfani da wannan damar." Zaɓen da aka gudanar a watan Maris ɗin shekarar 2015 an yi la'akari da shi cikin 'yanci da adalci a wurin masu sa ido. An soki sauyin da aka yi a matakin zabe da cewa ya takaita wakilcin kananan jam’iyyu, musamman ma da ke shafar tsirarun Larabawa. Wannan ya sa jam'iyyu hudu masu rinjaye na Larabawa suka hade waje daya, wato Joint List, wanda ya samu kujeru 13, ya kuma zama bangare na uku mafi girma a majalisar Knesset. Galibin Falasdinawa a yankunan da Isra'ila ta mamaye na rayuwa ne a karkashin mamayar Isra'ila kuma ba 'yan kasar Isra'ila ba ne. Ba a yarda su kada kuri'a a Isra'ila ba. Doka ta asali: Knesset (1958) da gyare-gyaren da suka biyo baya sun hana jerin jam'iyyun tsayawa takara a majalisar Knesset idan manufofinta ko ayyukanta sun hada da "kyau da wanzuwar kasar Isra'ila a matsayin kasar Yahudawa". Cibiyar shari'a ta Isra'ila Adalah ta bayyana cewa "wannan dokar ta hana yin amfani da 'yancin yin siyasa cikin 'yanci, ciki har da 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da shiga siyasa. Ana amfani da ita sau da yawa don ƙoƙarin hana jam'iyyun siyasa na Larabawa da 'yan majalisar dokoki don neman canza yanayin kasa ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, alal misali, zuwa wata ƙasa da ta dogara da cikakken daidaito na farar hula da na kasa wanda ba ya ba da fifiko ga wata ƙungiya ta kasa fiye da ɗayan, har ma da toshe muhawara kan irin waɗannan shawarwari."<ref name=":2"/> Mata sun fuskanci manyan matsalolin al'adu a cikin jam'iyyun siyasa masu wakiltar ƙungiyoyin addini masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da kuma, a ƙaramin mataki, tsirarun Larabawa. A zaben 2015, Knesset mai mambobi 120 na da mambobi mata 29 da mambobi Larabawa 15. An nada mata uku a majalisar ministocin, kuma a karon farko, wata Balarabe Isra'ila ta jagoranci wani kwamiti na dindindin. === 'Yanci na addini === [[Fayil:Western_wall_jerusalem_night.jpg|left|thumb|Ganuwar Yamma, [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]]]] Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2009 kan Isra'ila da yankunan da ta mamaye, "Dokar Isra'ila ta Bada 'Yanci da Mutunci da 'Yanci ta tanadi 'yancin yin ibada kuma gabaɗaya Gwamnati na mutunta wannan hakki a aikace." Rahoton ya kara da cewa "Manufar gwamnati ta ci gaba da goyon bayan gudanar da harkokin addini na 'yanci, duk da cewa ana ci gaba da nuna wariya na gwamnati da na shari'a ga wadanda ba Yahudawa ba da kuma na addinin Yahudanci ba" kuma "Yahudawa da yawa 'yan kasar sun ki amincewa da ikon Orthodox na keɓance kan muhimman al'amuran rayuwarsu." Rahoton ya bayyana cewa kimanin ‘yan kasar 310,000 da suka yi hijira zuwa Isra’ila a karkashin dokar komowa, ba mabiya addinin Orthodoks ke daukar Yahudawa ba, don haka ba za a iya aure ko a sake su ba, ko kuma a binne su a makabartun Yahudawan da ke cikin kasar.<ref name="USDS2009">{{Cite report|last1=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor}}</ref> Bayan samun iko da Yammacin Kogin a shekarar 1967, Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin musulmi damar shiga masallatai, gami da [[Al-Aqsa]], da kuma damar Kirista zuwa majami'u. Isra'ila ta ba da kariya ga wuraren addini na addinan da ba na Yahudawa ba; mafi shahararren Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila (IDF) sun kama wani mutum wanda ya sanar da su shirinsa na kai hari Masallacin Al-Aqsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2006 |title=Police arrest J'lem rabbi who threatened to carry out terror attack on Temple Mount |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz |archive-date=28 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090728033055/http://haaretz.com/hasen/spages/770846.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wasu lokuta, bukukuwan kwanaki masu tsarki ta addinai daban-daban suna da damar haifar da rikici; don haka 'yan sanda na Isra'ila suna daukar matakai don kauce wa rikici tsakanin al'ummomi ta hanyar bayar da ƙuntatawa na wucin gadi kan motsi da bautar da ake ji. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2006 |title=Restrictions on Old City Jews During Ramadan – Inside Israel – Israel News |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news.php3?id=112595 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}</ref> A cewar wani rahoto na shekara ta 2009 daga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Ofishin Demokraɗiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam, da Kwadago, Isra'ila ta gaza kasancewa al'umma mai juriya ko jam'i. A cewar rahoton, Isra'ila na nuna wariya ga Musulmai, Shaidun Jehobah, Yahudawa masu kawo sauyi, Kirista, mata da kuma Badawiyya. Dukkan wurare 137 masu tsarki da Isra'ila ta amince da su Yahudawa ne, suna yin watsi da kuma yin watsi da wuraren Kirista da na Musulmi, duk da Dokar Kare Wuraren Tsarkakewa ta 1967 da aka yi niyya don kare dukkan wurare masu tsarki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2009 |title=2008 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226174854/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/nea/119117.htm |archive-date=26 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=[[US Department of State]]}}</ref> [[Baha'i|Bangaskiyar Bahá'í]] (a cikin 1960) tana kula da wurin zama na hukumomin su, Gidan Shari'a na Duniya, a Haifa . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Baháʼí World Centre |url=http://www.bahai.org/dir/bwc |access-date=31 July 2006 |publisher=[[Baháʼí International Community]]}}</ref> [[Buddha|Addinin Buddha]] yana aiki a matsayin addini a Isra'ila.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Diamond Way Buddhism in Israel |url=http://www.buddhism.org.il/?newlang=english |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Diamond Way Buddhism}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Buddhanet's Middle East Buddhist Directory: Israel |url=http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm#israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060627120448/http://www.buddhanet.net/africame/m_eastdir.htm |archive-date=27 June 2006 |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association}}</ref> Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew ta wallafa nazarin tashin hankali na zamantakewa ta ƙasa. Cibiyar Hostilities Index (SHI) tana auna ayyukan ƙiyayya ta addini ta mutane, ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a. "Wannan ya haɗa da taron jama'a ko tashin hankali na ɗarika, cin zarafi kan tufafi saboda dalilai na addini, da sauran tsoratar da addini ko cin zarafi. " A cikin shekarar 2007, Isra'ila tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 10 da ke da maki sama da 7.1 a sikelin 10; a cikin 2010, Isra'ila da yankunan Palasdinawa sun kasance biyu daga cikin yankuna 15 da ke da mafi girman ƙimar SHI.<ref name="pewforum.org" /> === Dokokin aure da saki === Ma'aurata da ke son yin aure na iya yin hakan ne kawai ta hanyar bikin addini, idan Yahudawa, [[Aure a Musulunci|Musulmi]], Kirista, ko wasu. Ma'aurata marasa addini, tun daga shekara ta 2014, na iya samun wani nau'in auren farar hula a Isra'ila, kuma su sami [[Relationships Card|Katin Dangantaka]] ta sabuwar kungiyar da ke canza matsayinsu ga ma'aurata, kuma suna ba su duk hakkokin da suka fito daga gare ta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=רשומות הכנסת, קובץ התקנות, 7326, הודעת ברית הזוגיות לחסרי דת (אגרות), התשע"ד-2014. עמוד 486. |url=http://www.justice.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/97DAEDE3-9271-40E7-ADF9-4C91058FAF75/42863/7326.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=משפחה חדשה |url=http://www.news1.co.il/uploadFiles/543728053569794.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=News1.co.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=לראשונה: תעודת הזוגיות של "משפחה חדשה" הוכרה כנישואים |url=http://www.mako.co.il/pride-news/local/Article-bf5f377c4709a41006.htm |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Mako.co.il}}</ref> Aure na doka na yau da kullun yana ba ma'aurata hakkoki iri ɗaya da ma'auratan ke morewa. 'Yan ƙasar Isra'ila na iya tafiya zuwa ƙasashen waje don auren farar hula, wanda ke da alhakin a ƙarƙashin dokar Isra'ila. A lokacin Al-Aqsa Intifada a shekara ta 2003, Knesset ta yi gyare-gyare na wucin gadi ga Dokar 'yan kasa da shiga cikin Dokar Isra'ila wanda ya hana Palasdinawa da suka yi aure ga Isra'ilawa samun'ila ko zama. Masu sukar suna jayayya cewa dokar wariyar launin fata ce saboda an yi niyya ne ga Larabawa na Isra'ila waɗanda ke da yiwuwar samun ma'aurata Palasdinawa fiye da sauran Isra'ilawa; masu kare sun ce dokar tana da niyyar hana hare-haren ta'addanci da kiyaye halin Yahudawa na Isra'ilawa. Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kawar da nuna bambanci tsakanin launin fata ya amince da ƙuduri cewa dokar Isra'ila ta keta yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya game da wariyar launin fata. Jakadan Isra'ila a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Geneva, [[Yaakov Levy]], ya ce ƙudurin "ya kasance mai zurfi na siyasa", yana mai nuna rashin nasarar kwamitin na ba da buƙatar Isra'ila don gabatar da shaidar "biyan dokar da ke cikin dokar kasa da kasa da kuma aiki", misalai na "batutuwa masu yawa [inda] ba da matsayin doka ga matan Palasdinawa na mazaunan Isra'ila yi amfani da shi da mazaunan Palasdinawa don Ta'addanci na kashe kansa", da kuma watsi da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin ƙudurin Majalisar Dinkin Turai batun ya kasance a ƙarƙashin Babban Kotun Isra'ila.[was] Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI) ta shigar da takarda don a soke dokar amma Kotun Koli ta amince da ita a shekara ta 2006. A cikin tsara dokar, gwamnati ta ambaci, "bayanan da jami'an tsaro suka gabatar, wanda ya ce kungiyoyin ta'addanci suna ƙoƙarin tattara Palasdinawa waɗanda suka riga sun karɓi ko za su karɓi takardun Isra'ila kuma cewa jami'an tsaron suna da wahalar rarrabe tsakanin Palasdinawa da za su iya taimaka wa 'yan ta'adda da waɗanda ba za su ba". A cikin hukuncin Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila game da wannan al'amari, Mataimakin Babban Alkalin Shari'a Mishael Cheshin ya yi jayayya cewa, "yan ƙasar Isra'ila jin daɗin haƙƙin tsarin mulki don kawo ɗan ƙasar waje zuwa Isra'ila... kuma haƙƙin - ƙari, wajibi ne - na jihar, na kowace jiha, don kare mazaunanta daga waɗanda ke son cutar da su. " A shekara ta 2009, Ofishin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Amurka na Dimokuradiyya, 'Yancin Dan Adam da Ayyuka sun soki rashin auren farar hula da saki a Isra'ila ga baƙi waɗanda ba a dauke su Yahudawa a ƙarƙashin dokar rabbi ba.<ref name="USDS2009"/> Human rights activists have criticised Israel's stay of exit order, saying it unfairly targets divorced men by preventing them from leaving the country indefinitely until they settle the full child support arrears of their children until age 18. While this could easily amount to obligations in the millions of US dollars, even a US$100 debt can trigger a stay of exit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CCF Israel Report of the Israeli Civil Society |url=https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=tbinternet.ohchr.org |publisher=ccfisrael.org |archive-date=6 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106020129/https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/Treaties/CESCR/Shared%20Documents/ISR/INT_CESCR_ICO_ISR_33565_E.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The men are required to pay 100% or more of their income, and are jailed for 21 days each time they miss a monthly payment. In 2021, it was reported that an Australian man who was divorced from his Israeli wife was detained from leaving the country in 2013, with the stay of exit being in force until 31 December 9999, or until he paid $3 million in child support arrears. Marianne Azizi, British journalist and head of Coalition of the Children and Families in Israel (CCF), estimated that hundreds more Australians were trapped in the country as a result of the stay of exit. She had been informed by British Embassy officials in Tel Aviv that 100 British nationals per month had been reaching out to them for help in getting out of the country.<ref name="Australian" /> A watan Maris na 2019, Azizi ta ba da shaida a gaban kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Hakkokin Tattalin Arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu a Geneva game da take hakkin dan Adam da ta ci gaba da kasancewa sakamakon kai tsaye sakamakon ka'idojin tallafawa yara kanana a Isra'ila, tana mai cewa "... Rayuwar ubanni sama da 2,000 a kashe kansu yana da tsada". Ta ce Isra'ilawa ba sa bayar da rahoton take hakin bil'adama saboda tsoron "sakamako", kamar yadda wasu masu fafutuka suka kwace musu 'ya'yansu. Lauyan Mickey Givati, wanda ofishin jakadancin Burtaniya ya ba shi izinin taimakawa baki daga Isra'ila, ya shaida cewa an sanya na'urorin bin diddigin a cikin motarsa da gidansa da kuma wayarsa, kuma an ajiye 'ya'yansa a wani matsuguni ba bisa ka'ida ba. === Tsarin shari'a da shari'ar aikata laifuka === Dokar Isra'ila ta tanadi 'yancin yin shari'a ta gaskiya da kuma shari'a mai zaman kanta. Rahoton da Ma’aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra’ila ya nuna cewa a wasu lokuta kotuna suna yanke hukunci a kan bangaren zartarwa, ciki har da wasu shari’o’in tsaro. Kungiyoyin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam sun yi imanin ana mutunta wadannan bukatu gaba daya. Tsarin yana da adawa kuma ƙwararrun alkalai ne ke yanke hukunci. Wadanda ake tuhuma marasa galihu suna samun wakilci na tilas. Wasu yankunan kasar na karkashin ikon shari'a daban-daban na kotunan soji. An yi imanin cewa waɗannan kotuna sun yi daidai da sauran kotunan laifuka na Isra'ila kan batutuwan da suka shafi fararen hula. Ba za a iya yanke hukunci a waɗannan kotuna bisa ikirari kaɗai ba. === Hukuncin kisa === A halin yanzu dai dokar Isra'ila ta ba da damar yanke hukuncin kisa kan manyan laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin yaki, amma an soke shi a lokacin zaman lafiya. Laifukan da ake aikatawa a lokacin yaƙi sun haɗa da kisan kiyashi, laifuffukan da ake yi wa Yahudawa, laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, da laifukan yaƙi. Mutum daya tilo da aka taba yankewa hukuncin kisa bayan an same shi da laifi a wata kotun farar hula ta Isra’ila shi ne mai laifin yakin Nazi Adolf Eichmann . === 'Yancin fursunoni === B'Tselem ta ruwaito cewa an yi ta azabtar da mutanen da ba a zarginsu da aikata laifuka, wadanda suka hada da malaman addini, shehunai da malaman addini, masu fafutuka a kungiyoyin agaji, da daliban Musulunci. Sauran da za a azabtar da su sun hada da ’yan’uwa da sauran dangin mutanen da aka lissafa a matsayin wadanda ake so da kuma duk wani Bafalasdine a cikin aikin injiniya. A wasu lokutan kuma, an kama matan da ake tsare da su tare da wulakanta su don kara matsa wa mazajensu. Jami’an ISA a wasu lokutan suna azabtar da Falasdinawa domin daukar su a matsayin masu hada kai.<ref name="btselem.org">{{Cite web |title=Background of the High Court of Justice's Decision |url=http://www.btselem.org/torture/background |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> B'Tselem ta kiyasta cewa ISA na yin tambayoyi tsakanin Falasdinawa 1,000 zuwa 1,500 a kowace shekara kuma tana amfani da hanyoyin da za su zama azabtarwa ga wasu kashi 85 cikin 100 na su, akalla mutane 850 a shekara.<ref name="btselem.org"/> [[Amnesty International]] ta kuma bayar da rahoton yin amfani da azabtarwa ga fursunonin Palasdinawa, tare da tsare-tsare, ba tare da shari'a ba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Human rights in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/report-israel-and-occupied-palestinian-territories/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> Amnesty ta ruwaito cewa an tsare Palasdinawa sama da 2,200 daga yankin Yammacin da aka mamaye a watan farko na Yaƙin Gaza na shekarar 2023. Bayanai da rikodin bidiyo sun nuna azabtar da fursunoni, gami da mummunan duka da wulakanci ga fursunoni. Ta hanyar tilasta musu su sa kawunansu su kwanta, su durƙusa a ƙasa yayin ƙididdigar fursunoni<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-08 |title=Israel/OPT: Horrifying cases of torture and degrading treatment of Palestinian detainees amid spike in arbitrary arrests |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/11/israel-opt-horrifying-cases-of-torture-and-degrading-treatment-of-palestinian-detainees-amid-spike-in-arbitrary-arrests/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Amnesty International |language=en}}</ref> Wani rahoto na shekara ta 1978 daga karamin ofishin jakadancin da ke birnin Kudus ya bayyana shari’ar sojan da aka yi wa wasu matasa ‘yan kasar Amurka guda biyu wadanda suka ba da rahoton cewa mahukuntan Isra’ila sun yi amfani da karfin tuwo wajen samun ikirari daga wajensu. Rahoton ya kammala da cewa hukumomin Isra'ila na sane da cewa mai yiwuwa an yi amfani da "tilastawa ta jiki da musgunawa" wajen samun ikirari. Hukumar Landau ta shekarar 1987, karkashin jagorancin mai shari'a Moshe Landau na Kotun Koli, an nada ta ne domin ta binciki hanyoyin tambayoyi na Hukumar Tsaron Isra'ila (ISA) kuma ta ce "ba za a iya guje wa yin matsananciyar matsin lamba ba". Duk da haka, hukumar ta yi Allah wadai da wata takarda ta cikin gida ta shekarar 1982 wadda ta umurci masu yin tambayoyi kan irin karyar da ya kamata su yi a kotu lokacin da suke musanta cewa za su yi amfani da karfin jiki wajen samun ikirari. Ta yi Allah-wadai da shedar karya da abin ya shafa amma ta ba da shawarar a guji hukunta wadanda suka aikata ta. Sashi na biyu na rahoton Landau ya kasance sirri ne, an yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da ƙa'idodin hanyoyin tambayoyi da aka halatta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Landau Commission examined interrogation methods |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/Torture/Background.asp |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}</ref> Hukumar Landau ta kai ga daruruwan korafe-korafe da Falasdinawa da ake tsare da su suka yi na korafin cewa an yi amfani da karfi a kansu a lokacin da ISA ke yi musu tambayoyi. A cikin keɓantattun shari'o'i, an ba da umarnin wucin gadi na ɗan lokaci da ke hana ISA amfani da duka ko wasu hanyoyin, amma a watan Satumba na 1999, Kotun Koli ta ƙi yanke hukunci ko suna da doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin Isra'ila da na duniya. A cikin 1994, Rahoton Kwanturolan Jiha (wanda aka fitar a taƙaitaccen tsari a cikin Fabrairu 2000) ya gano cewa hanyoyin tambayoyin ISA sun saba wa doka, ƙa'idodin Hukumar Landau, da ƙa'idodin cikin gida wanda sabis ɗin kansa ya tsara. A watan Yulin shekarar 2002, ''Haaretz'' ya nakalto wani babban jami'in ISA yana cewa, tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta yanke shawara, an bayyana Falasdinawa 90 a matsayin "bamai masu saurin kai" da kuma "hanyar tambayoyi masu ban mamaki, "watau azabtarwa, an yi amfani da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ha'aretz quoted a senior GSS official |url=http://www.btselem.org/english/torture/ |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Btselem.org}}</ref> Sauran masu tambayoyin Isra'ila sun yarda cewa ISA "tana amfani da duk wani magudi mai yiwuwa, har zuwa girgiza da bugawa. " Yawancin bayanan daga Falasdinawa sun tabbatar da cewa azabtarwa har yanzu yana cikin tambayoyin Israʼila. According to a 2011 report by two Israeli human rights organisations, the Public Committee Against Torture (PCAT) and Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), Israeli doctors fail to report suspected torture and conceal related information, allowing Israeli Security Agency interrogators to use torture against Palestinian detainees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriet Sherwood |date=3 November 2011 |title=Israeli doctors 'failing to report torture of Palestinian detainees' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/nov/03/israeli-doctors-report-torture-palestinian |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A watan Agustan shekara ta 2015, wata doka ta ba da izinin tilasta ciyar da fursunoni masu fama da yunwa. Koyaya, Ƙungiyar Likitoci ta Isra'ila ta bayyana dokar ba ta da kyau kuma ta bukaci likitoci da su ƙi aiwatar da ita. ==== Shirye-shiryen ilimi ==== Ana ba fursunoni damar ɗaukar darussan kan layi daga Open University of Israel, da kuma kammala digiri na ilimi. Wannan ba haƙƙin da aka ba shi ba ne amma fa'ida, dangane da halin kirki, tare da hukumomin kurkuku suna biyan kuɗin karatunsu na jami'a. Darussan suna cikin fannoni na: bil'adama, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, gudanarwa, ilimin halayyar dan adam da kimiyyar siyasa.<ref name="knesset.gov.il">{{Cite web |last=Yaniv Ronen |date=28 November 2012 |title=לימודים אקדמיים של אסירים ביטחוניים |trans-title=Academic studies of security prisoners |url=https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504160748/https://www.knesset.gov.il/mmm/data/pdf/m03319.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2015 |language=he}}</ref> Manufar ita ce ta ba fursunoni kayan aiki don magance rayuwa a waje, don haka bayan an sake su daga kurkuku za su sami ilimi mai dacewa don taimaka musu samun aiki, da kuma hana su komawa rayuwar aikata laifuka. ==== Fursunoni na siyasa ==== A cikin shekarar 2011, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ban Ki-Moon ya ce Isra'ila ta tsare dubban Palasdinawa a matsayin fursunonin siyasa, kuma ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta sake su. Ban ya ce sakin fursunonin siyasa zai "yi aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar gina amincewa" kuma ya bunkasa damar zaman lafiya a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2011 |title=United Nations News Centre |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=37698&Cr=palestin&Cr1 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=UN News Service Section}}</ref> Amnesty International ta yi kira ga Isra'ila da ta saki fursunonin siyasa, tana mai cewa "duk fursunonin siyasar da aka tsare ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba ya kamata a yi musu shari'a a shari'a ko kuma a sake su nan da nan".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Releases |url=https://www.amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603062041/http://amnesty.org.uk/news_details.asp?NewsID=13419 |archive-date=3 June 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> John Dugard ya kwatanta zaman kurkukun da Isra'ila ke yi wa Falasdinawa da manufofin wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu, yana mai cewa "'Yan sandan tsaron wariyar launin fata sun aiwatar da azabtarwa sosai, haka ma jami'an tsaron Isra'ila. Akwai fursunonin siyasa da dama a tsibirin Robben amma akwai karin fursunonin siyasa na Falasdinawa a gidajen kurkukun Isra'ila."<ref>{{Cite web |last=John Dugard |title=Apartheid and the occupation of Palestine |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/11/201111395153781378.html |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> ===== Tsayar da gudanarwa ===== Tsayawa na gudanarwa hanya ce da ake tsare fursunoni ba tare da tuhuma ko shari'a ba. An ba da izinin hukunce-hukuncen ta hanyar umarnin gudanarwa daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Isra'ila ko kwamandojin soja na Isra'ila. [[Amnesty International]] ta yi imanin cewa aikin ya karya Mataki na 9 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa wanda "ya bayyana cewa babu wanda ya kamata a tsare shi da gangan kuma cewa hana 'yanci dole ne ya dogara da dalilai da hanyoyin da doka ta kafa". Amnesty International ta kuma damu da cewa fursunonin lamiri suna "tsare ne kawai don yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya ba tare da tashin hankali ba".<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 1997 |title=Administrative detention: Despair, uncertainty and lack of due process |url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&of=COUNTRIES\ISRAEL\OCCUPIED+TERRITORIES |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922021743/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150031997?OpenDocument&of=COUNTRIES%5CISRAEL%5COCCUPIED%2BTERRITORIES |archive-date=22 September 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> A cewar B'Tselem a halin yanzu akwai Falasdinawa 645 da ke tsare a karkashin tsare-tsare ta Isra'ila da kuma 105 ta IDF. Yawancin ana kiyaye su a Yammacin Kogin Yamma a sansanin Soja na Ofer ko a sansanin soja na Ansar 3 / Ketziot a cikin hamadar Negev . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2006 |title=Administrative Detention |url=http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824195154/http://web.amnesty.org/pages/isr-action-detention |archive-date=24 August 2006 |publisher=[[Amnesty International]]}}</ref> ===== Shirye-shiryen ilimi a kurkuku don tsare-tsare ===== A shekara ta 2009, akwai fursunonin Palasdinawa 250 da ke karatu a Jami'ar Isra'ila. A watan Yunin shekarar 2011, Firayim Minista Benjamin Netanyahu ya sanar, don mayar da martani ga dakatar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya, cewa ba za a ba fursunonin Palasdinawa damar neman digiri na ilimi a kurkuku ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barak Ravid |date=23 June 2011 |title=Netanyahu: Israel to toughen conditions of Palestinian prisoners |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |access-date=16 May 2012 |website=Haaretz |archive-date=13 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513012154/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/netanyahu-israel-to-toughen-conditions-of-palestinian-prisoners-1.369269 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2012, fursunoni uku sun daukaka kara ga Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya ki amincewa da roko. A cikin hukunce-hukuncen su, alƙalai sun bayyana cewa haƙƙin samun ilimi na jami'a kyauta bai shafi waɗanda aka yanke musu hukunci na laifuffukan ta'addanci ba. Hukuncin, duk da haka, ya yi kira ga hukumomin kurkuku da su "yi la'akari" da yanke shawara game da shari'o'in fursunoni da suka riga sun kasance a tsakiyar shirye-shiryen ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 2012 |title=Court: End of Free College for Terrorists |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/163549 |access-date=24 March 2014 |publisher=Arutz Sheva}}</ref> === 'Yanci na magana da kafofin watsa labarai === [[Fayil:Israeli_Press_1949.jpg|thumb|Sashe na jaridu na Isra'ila a cikin 1949.]] Censorship a Isra'ila ana gudanar da shi ne a hukumance ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila, wani sashi a cikin gwamnatin Isra'ila wanda aka ba shi aiki a hukumance don aiwatar da censorship na kariya game da buga bayanan da zasu iya shafar tsaro Isra'ila. Babban mai binciken Isra'ila ne ke jagorantar hukumar, jami'in soja wanda Ministan Tsaro na Isra'ila ya nada, wanda ya ba Babban mai binciken ikon hana bayanan da ya ga ya dace da kasancewa a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aluf Benn |date=July–August 2001 |title=Israel: Censoring the past |url=http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619213158/http://www.bsos.umd.edu/pgsd/people/staffpubs/Avner-BASreport7-01.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2009 |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, College of Behavioral and Social Sciences |publisher=University of Maryland}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=P.R. Kumaraswamy |date=September 1998 |title=India and Israel: Evolving Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.biu.ac.il/Besa/publications/40pub.html |access-date=31 December 2009 |website=Mideast Security and Policy Studies |publisher=Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies}}</ref> kamar Shirin [[makaman nukiliya]] na Isra'ilawa da ayyukan soja na Isra'il a waje da iyakokinta. A matsakaici, labaran jarida 2240 a Isra'ila suna tantancewa ta hanyar Censor na Sojojin Isra'ila a kowace shekara, kusan 240 daga cikinsu a cikakke, kuma kusan 2000 a wani ɓangare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=נתונים חדשים חושפים טפח מאחורי הקלעים של יחסי הצנזורה הצבאית והעיתונות הישראלית |url=https://www.the7eye.org.il/419412 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=העין השביעית |language=he-IL}}</ref> Dole ne a gabatar da labarai game da batutuwan da za su iya kawo rigima ga Mai binciken Sojojin Isra'ila a gaba; rashin yin hakan na iya sa mai ba da rahoto ya rasa damarsa na aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a Isra'ila kuma, game da manema labarai na ƙasashen waje, a hana shi daga ƙasar. <ref name="BBCsorry">{{Cite web |date=March 12, 2005 |title=BBC says sorry to Israel |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/mar/12/israel.broadcasting |website=the Guardian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matar |first=Haggai |date=2020-03-09 |title=IDF censor redacted two thousand news items in 2019 |url=https://www.972mag.com/idf-censor-israeli-media-2019/ |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=+972 Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2018 |title=IDF Military Censor banned nearly 300 articles last year |url=https://www.jpost.com/international/idf-military-censor-banned-nearly-300-articles-last-year-562318 |access-date=2021-03-04 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila, "doka ta tanadi 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da 'yan jarida, kuma gaba daya gwamnati na mutunta wadannan hakkoki a aikace idan aka yi la'akari da takunkumin da ya shafi tsaro." Dokar ta tanadi 'yancin yin taro da ƙungiyoyi, kuma gabaɗaya gwamnati na mutunta waɗannan haƙƙoƙin a aikace. Wasu jami'an gwamnati da wasu na sukar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da Isra'ila ke da shi a lokacin da suke gudun hijira daga [[zirin Gaza]] da yammacin kogin Jordan. Wannan ya haifar da sukar da ake cewa "Hukumomi sun dauki matakan da ba su dace ba, tare da cin zarafin 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da zanga-zangar siyasa ba tare da wani dalili ba."<ref name="acri">{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=ACRI Report Slashes Civil Rights Abuses and Privatization |url=http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622145646/http://www.acri.org.il/english-acri/engine/story.asp?id=245 |archive-date=22 June 2006 |access-date=28 July 2006 |website=Annual Report on Israel |publisher=The Association for Civil Rights in Israel}}</ref> A cikin Isra'ila, manufofin gwamnatinta suna fuskantar zargi daga manema labarai da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban na siyasa, haƙƙin ɗan adam da masu sa ido, wadanda suka hada da Kungiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama a Isra'ila (ACRI), B'Tselem, Machsom Watch, Mata a cikin Baƙar fata da Mata don Isra'ila Gobe. A cewar kungiyar 'yancin' yan jarida Reporters Without Borders, "Kafofin yada labarai na Isra'ila sun sake kasancewa a cikin shekarar 2005 wadanda kawai ke da' yancin gaske don yin magana. " <ref>{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Israel – Annual report 2006 |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&Valider=OK |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181318/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=17231&Valider=OK |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=12 August 2006 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> Koyaya, a cikin 2010, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam da ke aiki a Isra'ila suka koka game da mummunan yanayi a kasar, kuma sun ce suna fuskantar hari saboda sukar manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyoyin sun ce wasu shugabannin Isra'ila suna ganin zargi da kare hakkin dan adam a matsayin barazana ga halattacciyar Isra'ila, musamman bayan Zargin laifukan yaki da sojojin Isra'ila game da Yakin Gaza (2008-09). A shekara ta 2009, Isra'ila ta kasance ta 93 a cikin Reporters Without Borders Press Freedom Index, daga shekarar da ta gabata.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Reporters Without Borders – Press Freedom Index 2009 |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2013, Isra'ila ta sauka zuwa 112 daga cikin kasashe 179 a cikin Freedom Index na jarida. 'Yan jarida ba tare da iyaka ba sun bayyana cewa canjin ya faru ne saboda ayyukan Isra'ila a cikin Operation Pillar of Defense lokacin da ta ce "Sojojin Tsaro na Isra'ila da gangan sun kai hari kan' yan jarida da gine-gine inda kafofin watsa labarai da ke da alaƙa da Hamas ke da mahalli". Har ila yau, kungiyar ta soki kama 'yan jarida na Palasdinawa da kuma tantancewar soja. Freedom House ta sanya Isra'ila a matsayin mai yanayin kafofin watsa labarai na "Sashi na 'yanci" a cikin shekara ta 2009. A baya, Isra'ila ita ce kadai kasar da ke cikin yankin da ke da kafofin watsa labarai na "Free".<ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Press Freedom Rankings by Region 2009 |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=251&year=2009 |access-date=24 January 2010 |publisher=[[Freedom House]]}}</ref> ) A cikin shekarar 2023, Isra'ila da kanta, ba tare da haɗa Gaza Strip ko Gabashin Urushalima ba, an jera su a matsayin "Free", yayin da Gaza Strip da West Bank suka kasance "Ba Free ba". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Israel: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/israel/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=West Bank: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/west-bank/freedom-world/2023 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, hukumar fim din Isra'ila ta haramta nuna fim din kasuwanci game da [[Jenin]]_(2002)" id="mwAxM" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Yaƙin Jenin na 2002. Fim din, ''Jenin, Jenin'' ne, tarin ganawa ne da mazaunan sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Jenin da aka yi fim a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2002, mako guda bayan yakin. Mohammad Bakri, Larabawa na Isra'ila, ya jagoranci fim din. An dakatar da fim din ne saboda zargin da ake yi na [[Laifin Yaƙi|Laifukan yaki]] da Sojojin Isra'ila suka aikata, wanda hukumar ta yi la'akari da karya da cutar da iyalan sojoji. Bayan shari'ar shari'a, an shigar da takarda a Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila, wanda ya soke shawarar hukumar, kuma ya ba da izinin nuna fim din a cikin fina-finai "don jama'a su yanke shawara", yayin da yake lura cewa fim din "cike da ƙarya", ba fim ba ne, kuma an yi shi "ba tare da bangaskiya ba", ta hanyar ƙarya yana nuna sojojin Isra'ila a matsayin "mafi munin masu aikata laifuka". A watan Janairun 2011, majalisar dokokin Isra'ila ta amince da wani kuduri na hannun dama na binciken wasu sanannun kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama na Isra'ila saboda "lalata" sojojinta. Binciken zai haifar da bincike kan tallafin kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama da dama wadanda suka soki manufofin Isra'ila. Kungiyar kare hakkin jama'a a Isra'ila ta bayyana matakin a matsayin "mummunan rauni" ga demokradiyyar Isra'ila, kuma masu sukar manufofin sun yi wa manufar "McCarthyist". A cikin shekara ta 2015, Kotun Koli ta Isra'ila ta amince da manyan tanadi na dokar da ke haifar da sakamako ga waɗanda ke kira ga kauracewa Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye. Hukuncin ya haifar da muhawara, tare da wasu nuna rashin amincewa da shi yana kawo karshen 'yancin magana yayin da wasu ke cewa yana tabbatar da matsayin Isra'ila kan "tsarin lalacewar BDS" (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement). Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila sun yi korafi game da dokar, suna mai cewa ta keta 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki. Magoya bayan dokar sun ce ta haramta " nuna bambanci bisa ga yanayin ƙasa". "Don cire kiran kauracewa daga rukunin 'yancin magana ba daidai ba ne", in ji Rabbi David Rosenn, mataimakin shugaban zartarwa na New Israel Fund (NIF). "Babu wani bangare na daban don magana wanda ke siyasa. Magana mafi mahimmanci shine siyasa, kuma ya kamata mutane su sami damar bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da tsoron takunkumin gwamnati ba. " Dokar ta ba 'yan sanda damar iyakance tunzura ga tashin hankali ko kalaman ƙiyayya kuma ta haramta kiran mutane "Nazis" ko "fascists". Dokar Rigakafin Ta'addanci ta hana bayyana goyon bayan kungiyar da ake ganin ta sabawa doka ko ta'addanci. On 24 November 2024, Israel's government ordered a boycott of the newspaper ''Haaretz'' by government officials and anyone working for a government-funded body, and banned government advertising with the newspaper. According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''Haaretz'' "had published a series of investigations of wrongdoing or abuses by senior officials and the armed forces, and has long been in the crosshairs of the current government."<ref name=":3" /> A cikin shekarar 2023, wani rahoto daga Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya nuna cewa Isra'ila ta kasance ta shida mafi girma a duniya don kama' yan jarida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israeli arrests of Palestinian journalists soared in 2023: CPJ |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/18/israeli-arrests-of-palestinian-journalists-soared-in-2023-cpj |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> A lokacin Yaƙin Gaza, Falasdinawa sun bayyana cin zarafin soja a kan sakonnin kafofin sada zumunta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Molana-Allen |first=Leila |title=Palestinians describe harassment from Israeli forces over social media posts during war |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/palestinians-describe-harassment-from-israeli-forces-over-social-media-posts-during-war |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=PBS}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Kare 'Yan Jarida ya sanya Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasa ta biyu mafi muni a duniya don ba da damar masu kisan 'yan jarida su tafi ba tare da hukunta su ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Liam |title=Haiti, Israel ranked worst for securing justice in journalist killings |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/haiti-israel-ranked-worst-for-securing-justice-in-journalist-killings/7845113.html |access-date=1 November 2024 |website=Voice of America}}</ref> ; 'Yan Jarida Ba tare da iyakoki ba Kungiyar Reporters Without Borders ta fitar da rahoto na shekara-shekara kan 'yancin 'yan jarida a duniya, mai suna Index na 'Yancin Jarida. An fara buga irin wannan na farko a shekara ta 2002. Sakamakon da Isra'ila da Hukumar Falasdinawa ta samu daga 2002 zuwa yau an nuna su a ƙasa, tare da ƙananan lambobi suna nuna kyakkyawar kulawa ga 'yan jarida: {| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;" !Shekara !Isra'ila (Yankin Isra'ila) !Isra'ila (na waje) !Hukumomin Palasdinawa !Mafi munin Shekara !Rahoton URL |- |2002 |92 |Ba a bayyana ba |82 |139 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213848/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=4116 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2003 |44 |146 |130 |166 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219213853/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=8247 |archive-date=19 February 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2004 |36 |115 |127 |167 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220042227/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=11715 |archive-date=20 December 2008 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2005 |47 |Ba a bayyana ba |132 |167 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429110315/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=15331 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2006 |50 |135 |134 |168 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604161952/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=19388 |archive-date=4 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2007 |44 |103 |158 |169 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421060910/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=24025 |archive-date=21 April 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2008 |46 |149 |163 |173 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607100340/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement794-2008.html |archive-date=7 June 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |- |2009 |93 |150 |161 |175 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=Reporters Sans Frontières |url=http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022183400/http://www.rsf.org/en-classement1003-2009.html |archive-date=22 October 2009 |access-date=22 July 2010 |publisher=Reports Without Borders}}</ref> |} == Hakkin sirri == A cewar wani rahoto na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka a shekara ta 2005 game da Isra'ila, "[l] aws da ka'idoji sun tanadi kariya ga sirrin mutum da na gida. A cikin shari'o'in laifuka doka ta ba da izinin sauraron waya a karkashin umarnin kotu; a lokuta na tsaro dole ne ma'aikatar tsaro ta ba da oda." == 'Yancin mata == Aure da saki suna karkashin ikon kotuna na addini ne, wanda a aikace yake haifar da tsangwama ga mata a cikin wadannan bangarori na shari'a.<ref name=":0"/> Isra'ila ta zartar da dokar da ta ba da kariya ga mata daga tashin hankalin gida. A shekarar 2022, mata 24 abokan aikinsu ko wasu ‘yan uwansu ne a cewar ‘yan sandan Isra’ila, inda aka ce an kashe mata 69 a Isra’ila a tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa watan Agusta shekarar 2022. 40 daga cikin wadannan matan Palasdinawa ne, fiye da rabin wadannan shari’o’in ‘yan sanda ba su warware ba. Akasin haka, an warware shari’ar kowacce daga cikin kisan gilla 29 na matan Yahudawa da Isra’ilawa.<ref name=":0"/> Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan nuna bambanci ga mata. Mata a Isra'ila ba koyaushe aka tabbatar da daidaiton jinsi a bayyane ba. Kodayake sanarwar 'yancin kai ta Isra'ila ta bayyana cewa "Jam'iyyar Isra'ila [...] za ta tabbatar da cikakken daidaito na' yancin zamantakewa da siyasa ga dukkan mazaunanta ba tare da la'akari da addini ba, launin fata ko jima'i," wannan ji ba a ba da ikon tsarin mulki ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel |url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/general/declaration-of-establishment-state-of-israel |access-date=January 29, 2024}}</ref> Koyaya, kotunan Isra'ila, a tsawon lokaci, sun bayyana cewa daidaito tsakanin jinsi shine "ka'idar tsarin shari'a" a Isra'ila، kuma mata sun ga mafi yawan shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a ta Isra'ila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Equality, Religion and Gender in Israel |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/equality-religion-and-gender-in-israel |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 July 2021 |title=Israel Women's Network |url=https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/israel-womens-network |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=Jewish Women's Archive |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1969, Isra'ila ta zabi Golda Meir a matsayin firaminista kuma ta zama kasa ta hudu da mace ke rike da irin wannan mukami. A shekara ta 2010, wakilan majalisar mata a Isra'ila ya kai kashi 18 cikin 100, wanda ya zarce na kasashen Larabawa da kashi 6 cikin 100, daidai da na majalisar dokokin Amurka, kuma ya yi kasa da matsakaicin kashi 40 cikin 100 na kasashen Scandinavia. Majalisar dokokin Isra'ila, The Knesset, ta kafa kwamitin kula da matsayin mata don magance 'yancin mata. Makasudin da aka bayyana na wannan kwamiti shine hana wariya, yaki da cin zarafin mata, da inganta daidaito a harkokin siyasa, abubuwan rayuwa da ilimi. A cikin 1998, Knesset ta zartar da wata doka don "Rigaka da Cin Duri da Jima'i". Wani rahoto na shekarar 2009 na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ya ambaci matsalolin auren jama'a, agunot ('mata masu sarka) ba za su iya saki ba tare da izinin miji ba), da kuma hidimar addu'o'in jinsin jinsi a bangon Yamma.<ref name="USDS2009"/> Ana haɓaka haƙƙoƙin mata ta hanyar "Kawo Mata A Gaba: Haɗin Kan Mata", wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar Asusun Haɗin gwiwar Mata na Yahudawa. Ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa guda bakwai a Isra'ila sune Cibiyar Adva, Ruhun Mata, Itach-Maaki: Lauyoyin Mata don Adalci na zamantakewa, Cibiyar Mahut, Cibiyar Mata ta Isra'ila (IWN), Ƙarfafa Tattalin Arziki ga Mata (EEW) da Achoti ('yar'uwa) ga Mata a Isra'ila. === Mata Larabawa a Isra'ila === Matan Larabawa-Isra'ila suna shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati da na jama'a. Hussniya Jabara ita ce mace Balarabiya ta farko da ta fara aiki a majalisar Knesset. Dangane da sashe na 15 na Ma'aikatar Jama'a [waɗanda] mata da Larabawa-Isra'ilawa suna da haƙƙin tabbatar da aiki a aikin ma'aikacin gwamnati.<ref name="moital.gov.il">{{Cite web |title=העדפה מתקנת בעבודה ובשירות הציבורי |url=http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201010211/http://www.moital.gov.il/NR/exeres/8C492E47-135C-4B82-84D7-C62254B8BFEF.htm |archive-date=1 February 2013 |access-date=27 September 2015 |publisher=Moital.gov.il}}</ref> [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)">further explanation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Ayyuka masu kyau === Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan mata na Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.<ref name="moital.gov.il"/> [An buƙaci ƙarin bayani] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="explain how this manifests in practice (January 2024)">further explanation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Hakkin LGBT == Hakkin 'Yan tsiraru na jima'i a Isra'ila ana ɗaukar su mafi haƙuri a Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022 |title=LGBT+ rights and issues in the Middle East |url=https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9457/CBP-9457.pdf |access-date=January 29, 2024 |website=Commons Library Research Briefing, 9 February 2022}}</ref> Duk da yake Isra'ila ba ta halatta auren jinsi ɗaya ba, auren jinsi ɗaya da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje an amince da shi bisa doka a Isra'ila. Isra'ila ta ba da tabbacin 'yancin jama'a ga yawan masu luwadi, gami da' yancin tallafi da amfanin abokin tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walzer |first=Lee |date=21 February 2002 |title=Queer in the Land of Sodom |url=http://www.thegully.com/essays/gaymundo/020220_gay_israel_history.html |access-date=1 August 2006 |publisher=The Gully}}</ref> Isra'ila kuma ta ba da matsayin aure na doka ga ma'aurata na cikin gida na jinsi ɗaya. Dokar sodomy da aka gada daga Mandate na Burtaniya na Falasdinu an soke ta a shekarar 1988, kodayake akwai umarni mai bayyanawa da Babban Lauyan Isra'ila ya bayar a shekarar 1953 wanda ya umarci 'yan sanda da su guji aiwatar da wannan dokar, muddin babu wasu laifuka da suka shafi. Dokar kare hakkin ɗan luwaɗi ta ƙasa ta haramta wasu nuna bambanci ga 'yan luwadi, gami da aiki; ana yin wasu keɓancewa ga ƙungiyoyin addini. A baya, aikin soja na masu luwadi yana ƙarƙashin wasu ƙuntatawa. An ɗaga waɗannan ƙuntatawa a cikin 1993, suna ba da damar masu luwadi su yi aiki a bayyane a duk sassan sojoji.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Homosexual rights around the world |url=http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210062004/http://www.actwin.com/eatonohio/gay/world.htm |archive-date=10 December 2005 |access-date=20 November 2011 |website=Gay Rights Info}}</ref> A cikin Maris 2014, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ba da umarni da ke nuna cewa an haɗa aikin tiyatar jima'i a cikin tallafin kiwon lafiya da aka ba wa 'yan ƙasa. Duk da haka, a cikin watan Mayu Haaretz ya ruwaito cewa wata kungiyar kula da lafiya ta ki biyan kudin tiyatar canjin jima'i guda biyu, wanda ya haifar da kashe kudade masu yawa daga marasa lafiya. Wata rundunar LGBTI ta kasa ta gano cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na masu canza jinsi, kashi 50 na 'yan madigo da kashi 20 cikin 100 na mazan luwadi ana nuna musu wariya yayin neman aikin yi. == Hakkin ƙasa == Asusun yahudawa (JNF) yana iko da kashi 13% na ƙasar Isra'ila; wannan ƙasa an keɓe ta ne don amfanin Yahudawan Isra'ila keɓanta. Kasa da kashi 4% na ƙasar Isra'ila mallakar ƴan ƙasar Larabawa ne, duk da Larabawa da ke da kashi 20% na al'ummar ƙasar. An ɗauka gabaɗaya, kashi 93% na ƙasar a Isra'ila ana iko da ko dai ƙasar Isra'ila ko JNF; Ana kiran waɗannan ƙasashe a hukumance da "ƙasashen Isra'ila."<ref name=":2"/> Canje-canjen kwanan nan (wanda aka yi a cikin 2010) zuwa Dokar Kasa (Samun don Manufofin Jama'a) (1943), yana nufin tabbatar da ikon mallakar ƙasa na ƙasar da aka kwace daga Falasɗinawa (daga 1948 zuwa gaba) ta hanyar toshe iƙirarin Falasɗinawa na mallakar ƙasar da aka kwace a ƙarƙashin wannan doka, ko da a wuraren da ba a taɓa amfani da ita don dalilai na jama'a ba.<ref name=":2"/> Cibiyar shari'ar Isra'ila Adalah ta bayar da rahoton cewa, "A zahiri, an toshe Falasdinawa 'yan Isra'ila daga siye ko ba da hayar filaye a kusan kashi 80% na ƙasar Isra'ila bisa tushen ƙasarsu." Sakamakon, a cewarsu, shine "mafi yawancin filayen gwamnati sun ƙunshi keɓaɓɓu, yankunan Yahudawa kaɗai." Adalah ya bayyana manyan hanyoyi guda biyu da ake aiwatar da keɓancewa daga mallakar filaye da amfani da su; ta hanyar abin da ake kira "kwamitocin shiga" da kuma ta hanyar abin da Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin manufofin nuna wariya na hukumomin jihohi da JNF.<ref name=":2"/> Waɗannan kwamitocin shigar sun duba masu neman rukunin gidaje a garuruwan noma da al'umma a Isra'ila kuma sun haɗa da wani babban jami'i daga Ƙungiyar Sahayoniya ta Duniya ko Hukumar Yahudawa. Kusan garuruwa 700 a cikin Isra'ila (wanda ke lissafin kusan kashi 70% na duk garuruwan Isra'ila) suna da alaƙa da kwamitocin shiga. Sharuɗɗan da waɗannan kwamitocin suka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da ka'idojin dacewa, wanda Adalah ya bayyana a matsayin sabani da rashin gaskiya. Adalah ta ruwaito cewa ana tace Larabawa da sauran kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu a Isra'ila ta hanyar amfani da wannan ka'idojin dacewa. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun haɗa da Yahudawan Mizrahi da ƴan luwaɗi.<ref name=":2"/> Bugu da ƙari, garuruwa da yawa a Isra'ila sun amince da dokoki da ke jaddada halayensu na Yahudawa, suna ƙayyade shigarwa cikin al'umma akan "aminci ga hangen nesa na Zionist".<ref name=":2"/> Nuna wariya ƙasar manufofin ne zuwa babban har kore da manufofin na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar ƙasar Isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin 1949 da 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF wakilan (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan ƙasar Isra'ila da ake kira manufofin ƙasa a cikin jihar 3. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan manufofin ya hana JNF ƙasar da za a ba wa waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba.<ref name=":2"/> == Ƙananan kabilanci, dokokin adawa da nuna bambanci da shige da fice == Isra'ila ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Tattalin Arziki, Jama'a da Al'adu da Yarjejeniya ta Duniya kan kawar da dukkan nau'ikan bambancin launin fata. Nuna wariya ronu ne zuwa babban kore da tsofo na JNF, wanda 13% na jimlar isra'ila aka canjawa wuri daga jihar tsakanin shekarar 1949 da shekarar 1953. Hamsin kashi 50 na kujeru a cikin ILA majalisa an kasaftawa JNF rufi (kamar yadda ta The ILA Law (1960)) ba da JNF wani babban rawa a kan Isra'ila a cikin iska daga cikin abubuwan da ke cikin Isra'ila. hana JNF hadarin da za a ba wa koyarwa ba Yahudawa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2009 |title=Gender and employment [Areas of work&#93; |url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427190455/http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/gems/eeo/law/israel/el.htm |archive-date=27 April 2009 |access-date=2010-07-22 |publisher=Ilo.org}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |+Rarraba ma'aikatan Larabawa a Ma'aikatu daban-daban <ref name=":2"/> !Ma'aikatar !% Ma'aikatan Larabawa |- |Lafiya |7.2 |- |Ilimi |6.2 |- |Adalci |3.9 |- |Masana'antu, Ciniki da Aiki |3.4 |- |Sufuri |2.3 |- |Gidaje |1.3 |- |Kudi |1.2 |} Duk da Dokar Aiki (1998), kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Isra'ila Adalah ta ba da rahoton cewa 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila suna fuskantar nuna bambanci a cikin damar aiki, albashi da yanayi. Adalah ta kuma ba da rahoton cewa jihar Isra'ila kanta (mafi girman ma'aikaci a Isra'ila) ba ta aiwatar da wannan dokar ba.<ref name=":2"/> Misali, 'yan asalin Palasdinawa na Isra'ila da ke aiki a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin gyare-gyare a cibiyoyin ilimi na Isra'ilawa suna ƙarƙashin iyakancewa wanda Yahudawa Isra'ilawa ba sa ƙarƙashin su. Wannan ya haɗa da buƙatar dan kwangila ya hayar mai tsaro mai dauke da makami a wurin aiki a kan kuɗin kansu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khromchenko |first=Yulie |date=Mar 28, 2005 |title=Adalah Accuses Education Min. of Employment Discrimination |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240112202842/https://www.haaretz.com/2005-03-28/ty-article/adalah-accuses-education-min-of-employment-discrimination/0000017f-e6a2-dc7e-adff-f6af2f0d0000 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |access-date=12 Jan 2024 |website=Haaretz}}</ref> Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Isra'ila waɗanda mata ne, nakasassu, ko asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka suna da damar yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.<ref name="moital.gov.il"/> 'Yan Isra'ila na asalin Larabawa ko baƙar fata na Afirka, ko kuma masu nakasa, suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau game da shigar jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.<ref name="che.org.il">{{Cite web |title=Council for Higher Education |url=http://che.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%AA-%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A1-1-%D7%AA%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%93.pdf |access-date=28 September 2015 |publisher=Che.org.il}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ייצוג הולם בשירות המדינה |url=http://www.csc.gov.il/DataBases/NewsLetters/NL19/Pages/AdequateRepresentation.aspx |access-date=6 March 2015}}</ref> Haramcin Wariya a Samfura, Sabis da Shiga Wuraren Nishaɗi da Wuraren Jama'a Dokar ta hana waɗanda ke gudanar da wuraren jama'a, ko ba da sabis ko samfura, don nuna bambanci saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da ƙasar asali, da sauran dalilai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2010 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama ga Isra'ila da yankunan da aka mamaye, dokokin Isra'ila sun hana nuna bambanci a kan launin fata, kuma gwamnati ta aiwatar da wadannan haramcin yadda ya kamata.<ref name="USDS2010">{{Cite web |title=2010 Human Rights Report: Israel and the occupied territories |url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413173255/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154463.htm |archive-date=13 April 2011 |access-date=6 March 2015 |publisher=US Department of State}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |+Rarraba Ayyuka ta Sashen da Kabilanci (2008) <ref name=":2"/> !Aiki !Ma'aikatan Larabawa (%) !Ma'aikatan Yahudawa (%) |- |Gine-gine (maza) |28.4 |5.4 |- |Ma'aikata marasa ƙwarewa |14.6 |6.4 |- |Ayyukan kasuwanci |5.6 |14.3 |- |Matsayi na gudanarwa |2.3 |7.3 |- |Bankin, inshora, da kudi |0.8 |4.3 |} === 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa na Isra'ila === Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta B'Tselem ta yi iƙirarin cewa an hana Larabawa a Urushalima haƙƙin zama, wanda ya haifar da karancin gidaje a yankunan Larabawa na Urushalima. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil adama ta [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] ta tuhumi cewa rage tallafin tsofaffi da kuma alawus-alawus na yara bisa aikin soji na iyaye na nuna wariya ga yaran Larabawa: "Raguwar za ta kuma shafi 'ya'yan iyayen Yahudawa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ba sa aikin soja, amma sun cancanci karin tallafin, gami da karin ilimi, wanda ba a samu ga yaran Larabawa na Falasdinu ba." A cewar rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ga Isra'ila da Yankunan da aka mamaye, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta yi "ƙananan don rage nuna bambanci na hukuma, shari'a, da al'umma ga' yan ƙasar Larabawa". Rahotanni na shekaru masu zuwa sun kuma gano nuna bambanci ga' yan asalin Larabawa a matsayin matsala ga Isra'ilawa, amma ba ta sake maimaita da'ila ta ba don rage nuna rashin nuna bambanci ba. Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2004 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam ya lura cewa: * Asusun Ƙasar Yahudawa (JNF) yana sarrafa kashi 12.5 cikin 100 na ƙasar jama'a amma dokokinta sun hana siyarwa ko hayar ƙasa ga waɗanda ba Yahudawa ba. A watan Oktoba, kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun shigar da kara ga Babban Kotun Shari'a suna da'awar cewa sanarwar da Gwamnatin Ƙasar Isra'ila (ILA) ta yi game da ƙasar JNF ta nuna bambanci saboda ta haramta Larabawa daga yin tayin. A watan Janairun shekara ta 2005, babban lauya ya yanke hukuncin cewa "gwamnati ba za ta iya nuna bambanci ga Larabawa na Isra'ila a cikin tallace-tallace da rarraba ƙasashen da take sarrafawa ba, gami da na JNF. * Kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari na Isra'ila da Larabawa sun yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ta fi ƙuntatawa wajen bayar da izinin gini ga al'ummomin Larabawa da ƙalubalanci manufofin rushe gine-gine ba bisa ka'ida ba a bangaren Larabawa, yana iyakance ci gaban al'umma. * "A watan Yuni, Kotun Koli ta yanke hukuncin cewa barin garuruwan Larabawa daga wasu tsare-tsare na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki na gwamnati na nuna wariya. * An ƙalubalanci Tsarin Jagora na 1996 na Arewacin Isra'ila a matsayin wariya. Abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifiko sun haɗa da "ƙara yawan Yahudawa na Galili da kuma toshe yanki na garuruwan Larabawa." * Keɓe daga aikin soja na wajibi, yawancin Larabawa Isra'ila don haka ba su da damar samun dama fiye da sauran 'yan ƙasa zuwa fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙin wanda aikin soja ya zama buƙatu ko fa'ida, kamar gidaje, tallafin sabbin gidaje, da aikin yi, musamman aikin masana'antu na gwamnati ko na tsaro. Kwamitin Ivri kan yi wa kasa hidima ya ba da shawarwari a hukumance ga gwamnati cewa a ba wa Larabawa Isra'ila damar yin hidimar kasa. * "A bisa wani bincike da jami'ar Haifa ta gudanar a shekara ta 2003, akwai wani hali na sanya wa 'yan kasar Larabawa hukuncin dauri fiye da na Yahudawa. Masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama sun yi ikirarin cewa 'yan kasashen Larabawa sun fi fuskantar hukuncin kisa da kuma hana a bayar da belinsu." * Rahoton hukumar Or Commission kan kisan ‘yan sanda na masu zanga-zangar Isra’ila da Larabawa ya gano cewa “sakamakon sakaci da wariya” gwamnati na tafiyar da bangaren Larabawa, tare da rabo ko albarkatun da bai dace ba wanda ke haifar da “mummunan wahala” daga al’umma. Abubuwan da ke nuna damuwa sun haɗa da talauci, rashin aikin yi, ƙarancin ƙasa, matsalolin ilimi, da nakasa abubuwan more rayuwa. Rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 kan Isra'ila ya rubuta cewa: "Gwamnati gaba daya tana mutunta hakkin 'yan kasarta; duk da haka, an sami matsaloli a wasu bangarori, ciki har da ... nuna wariya na hukumomi, shari'a, da kuma al'umma ga al'ummar Larabawa na kasar." A cikin wani rahoto da ya mika wa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Bedouin ya yi ikirarin cewa suna fuskantar wariya kuma ba a daukarsu a matsayin 'yan kasa daidai a Isra'ila kuma ba a ba wa garuruwan Badouin hidima iri daya ba ko kuma filayen garuruwan Yahudawa masu girman gaske, kuma ba a ba su damar samun ruwa mai kyau. Birnin Be'er Sheva ya ki amincewa da wani wuri mai tsarki na Bedouin, duk da shawarar da Babbar Kotun ta bayar. ''Rahotanni na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka na 2007 game da Ayyukan 'Yancin Dan Adam'' ya lura cewa: * "A cewar wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2005 a Jami'ar Ibraniyawa, an kashe kuɗi sau uku a cikin ilimin yara Yahudawa kamar yadda yara Larabawa." A watan Satumbar shekarar 2010, gwamnatin Isra'ila ta amince da gyare-gyare ga dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa na ƙasar. Shirin dokar ya tilasta wa duk wanda ke neman zama ɗan ƙasar Isra'ila ya yi rantsuwa da "Isra'ila a matsayin ƙasar Yahudawa da dimokuradiyya". Larabawa na Isra'ila da kuma ƙungiyoyin hagu na Isra'ilawa ciki har da shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta Kadima Tzipi Livni sun soki gyaran sosai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ilimi na Isra'ila Farfesa Gavriel Solomon ya ce rantsuwar aminci ta yi kama da Dokokin Nuremberg . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2010 |title=Israeli academic: Loyalty oath resembles racist laws of 1935 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=Haaretz |archive-date=6 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406080822/http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israeli-academic-loyalty-oath-resembles-racist-laws-of-1935-1.318275 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Magoya bayan gyaran sun bayyana cewa wadanda ba Yahudawa ba ne wadanda suka zama 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar fahimtar cewa "Jihar Isra'ila ita ce furcin kasa na ƙaddamar da kai na mutanen Yahudawa".<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2012 |title=Identifying with Israel's national character |url=http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-EdContributors/Article.aspx?id=190897 |access-date=6 March 2015 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Isra'ila ta haramta 'yan ƙasa daga ziyartar ƙasashen abokan gaba ba tare da izini ba, ƙuntataccen tafiye-tafiye wanda, a cikin shekarar 2015, ya haɗa da Siriya, Iraki, Iran, Lebanon, Yemen, da Saudi Arabia. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah ta yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana nuna bambanci ga 'yan asalin Larabawa da Isra'ila, kuma hukumomi ba su tsare Yahudawa ba bayan dawowa daga tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashe marasa izini kamar yadda suka yi da Larabawa Isra'ilawa. Har ila yau, an soki Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Isra'ila saboda nuna bambancin launin fata na 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Adalah tana riƙe da jerin dokoki sama da 50 da take da'awar nuna bambanci ga 'yan ƙasar Larabawa. A cikin shekara ta 2015, an yi la'akari da launin fata na 'yan asalin Larabawa ta hanyar jami'an tsaro da sauran' yan ƙasa, da kuma hare-haren fansa a kan Larabawa.<ref name="USDS2016" /> Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Israel has carried out mass arrests and detentions of Palestinians and Arab Israelis, with thousands arrested or detained in Israel and the occupied Palestinian territories. On 5 November 2023, [[CNN]] reported that "dozens" of Palestinian residents and Arab citizens of Israel were arrested in Israel for expressions of solidarity with the civilian population of Gaza, sharing [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Quran]] verses, or expressing "any support for the Palestinian people".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kottasová |first=Ivana |last2=Saifi |first2=Zeena |date=2023-11-05 |title='The reaction is extreme': Palestinians fear arrest if they voice sympathy for Gaza civilians |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/05/middleeast/palestinians-israel-fear-arrest-gaza-intl-cmd/index.html |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> ''Haaretz'' described the widespread targeting of Arab Israelis by Israeli security forces. Referring to "hundreds" of interrogations, ''El País'' reported on 11 November that Israel increasingly treats its Arab minority as a "potential fifth column".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pita |first=Antonio |date=2023-11-11 |title=Israel aumenta el cerco a su minoría árabe |url=https://elpais.com/internacional/2023-11-11/israel-aumenta-el-cerco-a-su-minoria-arabe.html |website=El País |language=es}}</ref> ==== Ayyuka masu kyau ==== Dangane da sashi na 15 na Ma'aikatan Jama'a na Jihohi [naɗaitawa], 'yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da' yancin yin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati.<ref name="moital.gov.il"/> 'Yan ƙasar Larabawa-Isra'ila suna da damar yin aiki mai kyau a cikin buƙatun shiga jami'a da kwaleji, kuma suna da damar samun cikakken tallafin karatu daga jihar.<ref name="che.org.il"/> === Baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba da masu neman mafaka === Isra'ila jam'iyya ce ta jihar da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin [[Sudan]]_refugees_in_Israel" id="mwBWo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Sudanese refugees in Israel">'yan gudun hijira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2011 |title=Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/protect/PROTECTION/3b73b0d63.pdf |access-date=5 December 2012 |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees}}</ref> Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam na Isra'ila suna la'akari da tsarin mafaka na Isra'ilawa da rashin adalci, kuma yawan amincewa da 'yan gudun hijira ya fi ƙasa da kashi 1%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Until our hearts are completely hardened, Report on asylum procedures in Israel, Hotline for Migrant Workers, April 2012 |url=http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018173547/http://www.hotline.org.il/english/pdf/asylum_procedures_2012_eng.pdf |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2003, kimanin baƙi 70,000 ba bisa ka'ida ba daga kasashe daban-daban na Afirka sun haye zuwa Isra'ila. Kimanin 'yan gudun hijira 600 daga yankin Darfur na Sudan an ba su matsayin mazauna wucin gadi don sabuntawa kowace shekara, kodayake ba matsayin' yan gudun hijira na hukuma ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACRI.org.il |url=http://www.acri.org.il/pdf/refugees0209en.pdf |access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref> An ba da wasu 'yan gudun hijira 2,000 daga rikici tsakanin [[Eritrea]] da [[Itofiya|Habasha]] matsayin mazaunin wucin gadi a kan dalilai na jin kai, kodayake Isra'ila ta fi son kada ta gane su a matsayin' yan gudun hijira. A cikin wani labari na shekarar 2012, ''Reuters'' ta ruwaito, "Isra'ila na iya ɗaure baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba har zuwa shekaru uku a ƙarƙashin dokar da aka fara aiki a ranar Lahadi, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ce, wani mataki da aka yi niyyar hana kwararar 'yan Afirka da ke shiga Isra'ila a kan iyakar hamada da Masar. Ministan cikin gida Eli Yishai ya ce, "Me ya sa muka yi rashin lafiya da zukata masu zubar da jini, gami da 'yan siyasa. Ayyuka za su zama mafi yawa a nan za su sa su zama jarirai, kuma wannan tayin ya sa Sudan ya fice su gudu zuwa duniya, kuma ya sa su zama mafi yawanci, kuma ya zama' yan gudun hijira za su gudu, kuma ya haifar da yawa, kuma ya fice ga Yesu Yesu ya sa suka fice, kuma ya fito da yawa, za su zama' yan kasa, kuma ya sami mafaka za su zama 'yan gudun hijira' yan gudunya suka ficececece' yan gudun A karkashin Dokar Rigakafin Kutse ta 2014, duk masu ketare kan iyaka da ba bisa ka'ida ba an ayyana su a matsayin "masu kutse" kuma ana iya tsare su a gidan yarin Saharonim na tsawon watanni uku "domin tantancewa" sannan kuma watanni 12 a wurin Holhot mai nisa. Kamfanin dillancin labaran iqna ya habarta cewa, ya nakalto daga shafin sadarwa na yanar gizo na Hotline na ‘yan gudun hijira da kuma bakin haure cewa hukumomi sun mayar da fiye da rabin mutanen da ake tsare da su na Holot zuwa Saharonim har na tsawon watanni da dama saboda wasu laifukan da suka saba wa doka. A wasu jerin hukunce-hukuncen da kotun kolin ta yanke, ta yi watsi da cewa za a iya tsare bakin haure har abada, ta kuma ba da umarnin sakin bakin haure 1,178 'yan kasashen Eritrea da Sudan da ake tsare da su sama da shekara guda ba tare da tuhume su ba. Gwamnati ta hana wadannan masu neman mafaka daga Tel Aviv ko Eilat, inda za su kasance suna da al'ummomin tallafi da kuma samun damar yin ayyukan jin kai. Bisa rahoton da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta fitar a shekarar 2015 kan ayyukan kare hakkin bil'adama, tun daga shekarar 2011 yanayin 'yan gudun hijira a Isra'ila ya tabarbare "saboda amincewa da manufofi da dokoki da nufin dakile masu neman mafaka a nan gaba ta hanyar yin wahala ga wadanda ke cikin kasar. Wadannan ayyuka sun kara tauye 'yancin jama'a da kuma karfafa barin kasar." Gwamnati za ta yi wahala a nemi izinin zama ɗan gudun hijira yayin da ake tsare da ita na tsawon shekara guda, kuma da zarar an sake shi za ta buƙaci masu neman su ba da hujjar rashin neman izini tun da farko. Ana kiran masu neman mafaka "masu kutse" ta gwamnati da kafafen yada labarai, wadanda ke danganta su da karuwar laifuka, cututtuka, da zaman banza. === 'Yan Afirka na Isra'ila === A cewar Jaridar BBC, Yahudawa na [[Habasha]] da ke zaune a [[Isra'ila]] sun daɗe suna gunaguni game da nuna bambanci. Sun gudanar da tarurruka bayan yarjejeniyar da masu mallakar gidaje a kudancin Isra'ila suka yi don kada su hayar ko sayar da dukiyarsu ga Yahudawa na asalin Habasha. Al'ummar Yahudawa na Habasha sun shiga cikin zanga-zangar bayan bidiyon da ya fito wanda ya nuna 'yan sanda biyu suna doke soja na Habasha da Isra'ila, Demas Fekadeh . <ref name="clash" /> Duk da yake zanga-zangar da dubban masu zanga-zambe suka yi da farko ba ta da tashin hankali, rikice-rikice da 'yan sanda sun ci gaba. ACRI ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'yan sanda sun kasa gargadi masu zanga-zangar kafin yin amfani da matakan watsa jama'a, kuma amfani da su bai karu a hankali ba. Gwamnati ta sauke tuhumar da aka yi wa Fekadeh, ta kammala cewa bai fara rikici da ya haifar da duka ba. == Ilimi == [[Fayil:GalilSchoolSign.jpg|thumb|Alama a gaban Makarantar Galil, makarantar firamare ta [[Larabawa]] da Yahudawa a Isra'ila.]] Dokar Ƴancin Dalibai ta [[Isra'ila]] ta shekarar 2000 ta haramta nuna bambanci ga ɗalibai saboda dalilai na ɗarika a shigarwa ko fitarwa daga cibiyar [[ilimi]], a cikin kafa tsarin karatun daban-daban ko gudanar da azuzuwan daban-daban a cikin wannan cibiyar [[ilimi]] guda, da kuma haƙƙoƙi da wajibai na ɗalibai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=חוק זכויות התלמיד באנגלית – Pupils' Rights Law |url=http://cms.education.gov.il/EducationCMS/Units/Zchuyot/ChukimVeamanot/Chukim/PupilsRightsLaw |access-date=16 May 2010 |publisher=Cms.education.gov.il}}</ref> [[Kotun Koli]] ta Isra'ila ta aiwatar da wannan dokar, wanda ya haifar da zanga-zangar daga iyalan Orthodox waɗanda suka ki tura ƴaƴansu zuwa makarantu masu haɗin kai. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta== nkmrmqwmngmc8msvwfhy1pb6xeliopv 0 107927 905341 789682 2026-08-20T23:47:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gavin A. Schmidt''' ya kasance masani ne dan [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], masanin yanayin yanayi kuma Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta NASA Goddard (GISS) a New York, kuma wanda ya kafa shafin yanar gizon kimiyyar yanayi na RealClimate.<ref>"Dr. Gavin A. Schmidt". NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. Retrieved 12 May 2015</ref> == Aiki == Ya yi karatu a The Corsham School, ya sami BA (Hons) a fannin lissafi a Kwalejin Jesus, Oxford, da PhD a aikace-aikacen lissafi a Jami'ar College London.<ref>Contributor's Biography page". RealClimate. 6 December 2004. Retrieved 2008-03-20</ref> Schmidt ya yi aiki a kan sãɓãwar launukansa na teku da kuma sauyin yanayi, ta yin amfani da general wurare dabam dabam model (GCMs). Ya kuma yi aiki a kan hanyoyin da za a daidaita paleo-data tare da samfuri. Ya taimaka wajen haɓaka tekun GISS da haɗe-haɗe da GCMs don haɓaka wakilcin yanayin yau, yayin da yake binciken yadda suke mayar da martani ga tilastawa yanayi.<ref>Hansen, J.; et al. (2007). "Dangerous human-made interference with climate: A GISS modelE study". Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 (9): 2287–2312. arXiv:physics/0610115. Bibcode:2007ACP.....7.2287H. doi:10.5194/acp-7-2287-2007. S2CID 14992639. Koch, D., G.A. Schmidt, C.V. Field (2006). "Sulfur, sea salt and radionuclide aerosols in GISS ModelE". J. Geophys. Res. 111 (D06206): D06206. Bibcode:2006JGRD..111.6206K. doi:10.1029/2004JD005550. Schmidt, G.A.; et al. (2006). "Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in-situ, satellite and reanalysis data". J. Climate. 19 (2): 153–192. Bibcode:2006JCli...19..153S. doi:10.1175/JCLI3612.1.</ref> Tun daga 2024, Schmidt ya jagoranci Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta NASA ta Goddard.[5] An nada shi mukamin darakta a watan Yuni 2014 a matsayin mataimakin darekta a lokacin, inda ya zama mutum na uku da ya rike wannan mukami, wanda ya kasance a sarari bayan James E. Hansen ya yi ritaya. A wata hira da ya yi da Labaran Kimiyyar Kimiyya, Schmidt ya ce yana son ci gaba da ayyukan cibiyar kan yin samfurin yanayi da fadada ayyukanta kan tasirin yanayi da ilimin taurari. == Bincike == Babban sha'awar bincikensa shine canjin yanayi, duka na ciki da kuma martani ga tilastawa yanayi, wanda aka bincika ta hanyar samfuran yanayin yanayi na gabaɗayan teku. Hakanan yana amfani da waɗannan don nazarin palaeoclimate ta hanyar yin aiki akan hanyoyin kwatanta bayanan palaeo tare da fitar da samfuri. Schmidt yana taimakawa haɓaka tekun GISS da GCMs (ModelE). Wannan samfurin ya kasance "an kunna isotopically" don ɗaukar oxygen-18 tracers, ƙyale samfurin ya kwaikwayi tsarin δ18O da aka lura a cikin ƙananan kankara, bayanan kogo da ruwan teku. == Mai jarida da kuma wayar da kan jama'a == Schmidt ya bayyana a lokuta daban-daban a cikin kafofin watsa labaru, sau da yawa ana tambayarsa game da kwarewarsa game da binciken binciken da suka shafi yanayi, abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu ko kuma ya ba da laccoci. Schmidt ya yi aiki tare da Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi na Halitta na Amurka, Kwalejin de France, da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta New York don ilimi da wayar da kai.[3] Schmidt da wasu abokan aiki takwas sun kafa a cikin 2004 da RealClimate blog. Shafin yana ba da sharhi mai mahimmanci akan kimiyyar yanayi tare da ikon kai wa jama'a da kuma 'yan jarida.[2][8] Bugu da ƙari, shafin yanar gizon yana ba da saƙon baƙi akai-akai daga kwararru a fagen su. Labarai da sharhi sun kare binciken kimiyya game da zarge-zargen da aka yi game da jadawali na sandar hockey[9]. A lokacin 2009-2010 Climatic Research Unit rigimar imel, ya yi karfi da kare masana kimiyyar da abin ya shafa, ciki har da Michael E. Mann da Phil Jones. Wani ɗan jarida Fred Pearce ya lura cewa, "Schmidt ya rubuta cewa imel ɗin ya nuna kawai yadda masana kimiyya ke hulɗa a cikin sirri", kuma "Gravity ba ka'ida ba ce mai amfani saboda Newton mutum ne mai kyau." Schmidt shi ne Mai Sadarwar Kimiyya na Duniya na Duniya a cikin 2011. == Kyauta == A cikin 2011, Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka ta ba Schmidt lambar yabo ta Sadarwar Yanayi ta farko, saboda aikinsa na sadar da al'amurran da suka shafi sauyin yanayi ga jama'a. Sakin labarai na kyautar ya lura da aikinsa na wayar da kan jama'a ciki har da haɗin gwiwa da ba da gudummawa ga shafin yanar gizon RealClimate. Ya kasance marubuci mai ba da gudummawa na Rahoton Ƙimar Hudu na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (IPCC); aikin na IPCC, ciki har da gudunmawar da masana kimiyya da yawa, aka gane da hadin gwiwa lambar yabo na 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. An nada Schmidt a matsayin daya daga cikin "Mafi Jagoran Bincike 50" na Kimiyyar Kimiyya na Amurka na shekara ta 2004. == Labarai == Schmidt ya wallafa fiye da 100 karatu a cikin mujallolin da aka yi bita na ƙwararru irin su Ƙaddamarwar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa, Kimiyya, da Nature, akan batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi yanayi. Shi ne marubucin haɗin gwiwa, tare da Joshua Wolfe, na Canjin Yanayi: Hoton Kimiyya (2009), wanda ke da kalmar gaba ta Jeffrey D. Sachs. Littafin ya haɗu da hotuna na tasirin sauyin yanayi tare da bayanin kimiyya.<ref>Gavin Schmidt is the EarthSky Science Communicator of the Year". EarthSky. 15 January 2012.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje== *[http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/gschmidt/ Gavin Schmidt's homepage at NASA GISS]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/author/gavin/ Contributions at RealClimate] * {{TED speaker}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] mafn4wjeuyebtaem7vyupp6ja83b19f 0 107930 905551 901317 2026-08-21T10:41:32Z Zahrah0 14848 905551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stefan Rahmstorf''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta alif 1960) masanin ilimin teku ne kuma [[Climatology|masanin yanayin yanayi]] na Jamus. Tun daga shekara ta 2000, ya kasance Farfesa a fannin kimiyyar teku a Jami'ar Potsdam . Ya yi karatun ilimin teku na zahiri a Jami'ar Bangor kuma ya sami Ph.D. a cikin ilimin teku daga Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington (1990). Ayyukansa suna mai da hankali kan rawar da ruwan teku ke takawa a [[Canjin yanayi]]. Ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan marubutan rahoton binciken IPCC na huɗu.<ref name="cv" /> == Matsayin jama'a == Rahmstorf shi ne wanda ya kafa blog na RealClimate, wanda Nature ya bayyana a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shafukan kimiyya 5 a 2006, kuma ya hada da cikin 15 mafi kyawun shafukan yanar gizon muhalli ta Time a 2008. Ya kuma kafa shafin yanar gizon KlimaLounge na Jamus. KlimaLounge ya lashe lambar yabo ta 3rd na lambar yabo ta kimiyya ta yanar gizo na 2013. Shi ne mai yawan ba da gudummawar labarai kan sauyin yanayi da sauyin yanayi / ɗumamar yanayi a cikin shahararrun manema labarai, wasu daga cikinsu an haɗa su ta duniya ta hanyar Project Syndicate. Ya rubuta shafi na yau da kullun a cikin mujallar muhalli ta Zeo2 na Jamus, kuma ya buga littafin kimiyya na yara Wolken, Wind und Wetter (girgiza, iska, da yanayi) kan yanayi da yanayi. Deutsche Umweltstiftung ya zaɓi littafin a matsayin Littafin Muhalli na Wata na Janairu 2012. Bugu da kari, daga baya aka zabe shi Littafin Muhalli na shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Umweltbuch des Jahres 2012: "Wolken, Wind & Wetter" |url=http://www.deutscheumweltstiftung.de/index.php/pressearchiv/377-umweltbuch-des-jahres-2012-qwolken-wind-a-wetterq |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140110122819/http://www.deutscheumweltstiftung.de/index.php/pressearchiv/377-umweltbuch-des-jahres-2012-qwolken-wind-a-wetterq |archive-date=10 January 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014 |publisher=Deutsche Umweltstiftung}}</ref> Rahmstorf ya yi sharhi game da canjin yanayi da manufofin yanayi a talabijin da rediyo. An nuna shi a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya 10 na duniya ta Financial Times a cikin shekara ta 2009. ARD ta gabatar da hoton Rahmstorf a cikin mujallar labarai ta ''Tagesthemen'' lokacin da ya karbi ''Deutscher Umweltmedienpreis'' (German Environmental Media Award) a shekara ta 2007. == Ayyuka == Jami'ar Flensburg ta gano cewa daga cikin dukkan masana kimiyya na yanayi daga Jamus, Rahmstorf ya buga mafi yawan karatun da suka kasance daga cikin wadanda aka fi ambaton su a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya a cikin shekarun 1994-2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bernd Sommer |date=13 March 2014 |title=Die zehn meistzitierten Klimastudien aus Deutschland der Jahre 1994-2013 |url=http://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/zentren/nec/dokumente/downloads/datendokumentation-exzellente-deutsche-klimaforschung-spektrum-online-ma-rz-2014.pdf |publisher=Universität Flensburg |access-date=26 July 2025 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815124211/https://www.uni-flensburg.de/fileadmin/content/zentren/nec/dokumente/downloads/datendokumentation-exzellente-deutsche-klimaforschung-spektrum-online-ma-rz-2014.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rahmstorf ya kasance memba na Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Jamus kan Canjin Duniya (WBGU) daga 2004 zuwa 2013. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * Alfred Wegener Medal, 2024, wanda Tarayyar Geosciences ta Turai ta bayar don girmama masanin kimiyya wanda ya sami matsayi na musamman na duniya a cikin kimiyyar yanayi, ruwa ko teku''don girmama masanin kimiyya wanda ya sami matsayi na musamman na duniya a cikin yanayin yanayi, ilimin ruwa ko kimiyyar teku'' * ''Kyautar Sadarwar Yanayi'' ta Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka (2017). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=AGU |year=2017 |title=2017 AGU Union Medal, Award, and Prize Recipients Announced |url=https://eos.org/agu-news/2017-agu-union-medal-award-and-prize-recipients-announced}}</ref> * Fellow na Ƙungiyar Geophysical ta Amurka (2010) <ref>{{Cite web |last=PIK |date=17 February 2010 |title=Stefan Rahmstorf elected Fellow of the American Geophysical Union |url=https://www.pik-potsdam.de/news/in-short/archive/2010/stefan-rahmstorf-elected-fellow-of-the-american-geophysical-union?set_language=en |access-date=26 July 2025 |archive-date=2 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171202102238/https://www.pik-potsdam.de/news/in-short/archive/2010/stefan-rahmstorf-elected-fellow-of-the-american-geophysical-union?set_language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Tare da sauran marubutan rahoton IPCC AR4, an girmama shi da Kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya ta 2007 ga IPCC, tare da Al Gore . <ref name="Schiermeier Tollefson 2007">{{Cite journal |last=Schiermeier |first=Quirin |last2=Tollefson |first2=Jeff |date=12 October 2007 |title=a Nobel cause |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2007/071012/full/news.2007.164.html |journal=Nature News |doi=10.1038/news.2007.164 |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 May 2015}}</ref> * Mai girmamawa na Jami'ar Wales (2007) <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2007 |title=Rahmstorf speech, University of Wales award ceremony |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Twya6HcGmVY |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241230204624/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Twya6HcGmVY |archive-date=2024-12-30 |publisher=YouTube |access-date=2025-07-26 }}</ref> * Kyautar Kafofin Watsa Labarai ta Muhalli ta Jamus (''Deutscher Umweltmedienpreis''), don aikinsa a kan cikakken rahoto na kimiyya wanda ya haifar da canjin yanayi da tasirin mutum (2007) <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2007 |title=German Environmental Aid 2007 media award goes to Stefan Rahmstorf |url=http://www.wbgu.de/en/press-appointments/press-releases/2007-12-10-v2-press-release/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518080025/http://www.wbgu.de/en/press-appointments/press-releases/2007-12-10-v2-press-release/ |archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> * ''Kyautar Centennial Fellowship'' daga Gidauniyar James S. McDonnell, tallafin bincike na dala miliyan 1 (1999) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=James S. McDonnell Foundation |year=1999 |title=Currents of Change |url=https://www.jsmf.org/grants/1999033/}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Za'a iya samun bayyani game da wallafe-wallafen Rahmstorf a bayanan Google Scholar. * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |display-authors=etal |year=2015 |title=Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic Ocean overturning circulation |url=https://eprints.ucm.es/32657/1/robinson10postprint.pdf |journal=Nature Climate Change |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=475–480 |bibcode=2015NatCC...5..475R |doi=10.1038/nclimate2554}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S., Zickfeld, K. |year=2005 |title=Thermohaline circulation changes: a question of risk assessment |journal=Climatic Change |volume=68 |issue=1–2 |pages=241–7 |bibcode=2005ClCh...68..241R |citeseerx=10.1.1.113.9794 |doi=10.1007/s10584-005-4038-0 |s2cid=155961343}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |display-authors=etal |year=2004 |title=Cosmic rays, carbon dioxide and climate |journal=Eos |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=38, 41 |bibcode=2004EOSTr..85...38R |doi=10.1029/2004EO040002 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Zickfeld, K., Slawig, T., Rahmstorf, S. |year=2004 |title=A low-order model for the response of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation to climate change |journal=Ocean Dynamics |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=8–26 |bibcode=2004OcDyn..54....8Z |doi=10.1007/s10236-003-0054-7 |s2cid=16118901}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=2003 |title=Timing of abrupt climate change: a precise clock |journal=Geophys. Res. Lett. |volume=30 |issue=10 |pages=1510 |bibcode=2003GeoRL..30.1510R |doi=10.1029/2003GL017115 |s2cid=15218839}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=2003 |title=Thermohaline circulation: The current climate |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2003-02-13_421_6924/page/699 |journal=Nature |volume=421 |issue=6924 |pages=699 |bibcode=2003Natur.421..699R |doi=10.1038/421699a |pmid=12610602 |s2cid=4414604 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=2002 |title=Ocean circulation and climate during the past 120,000 years |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2002-09-12_419_6903/page/207 |journal=Nature |volume=419 |issue=6903 |pages=207–214 |bibcode=2002Natur.419..207R |doi=10.1038/nature01090 |pmid=12226675 |s2cid=3136307}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ganopolski, A., Rahmstorf, S. |year=2002 |title=Abrupt glacial climate changes due to stochastic resonance |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=038501 |bibcode=2002PhRvL..88c8501G |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.038501 |pmid=11801092}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S., Alley, R.B. |year=2002 |title=Stochastic resonance in glacial climate |journal=Eos |volume=83 |issue=12 |pages=129–135 |bibcode=2002EOSTr..83..129R |doi=10.1029/2002EO000078 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ganopolski, A., Rahmstorf, S. |year=2001 |title=Simulation of rapid glacial climate changes in a coupled climate model |journal=Nature |volume=409 |issue=6817 |pages=153–8 |bibcode=2001Natur.409..153G |doi=10.1038/35051500 |pmid=11196631 |s2cid=4304701}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=1999 |title=Shifting seas in the greenhouse? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1999-06-10_399_6736/page/523 |journal=Nature |volume=399 |issue=6736 |pages=523–4 |bibcode=1999Natur.399..523R |doi=10.1038/21066 |s2cid=4424509}} * {{Cite journal |last=Ganopolski, A., Rahmstorf, S., Petoukhov, V., Claussen, M. |year=1998 |title=Simulation of modern and glacial climates with a coupled global climate model |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1998-01-22_391_6665/page/351 |journal=Nature |volume=391 |issue=6665 |pages=351–6 |bibcode=1998Natur.391..351G |doi=10.1038/34839 |s2cid=4384039}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=1997 |title=Risk of sea-change in the Atlantic |journal=Nature |volume=388 |issue=6645 |pages=825–6 |bibcode=1997Natur.388..825R |doi=10.1038/42127 |s2cid=205030058 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=1995 |title=Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1995-11-09_378_6553/page/145 |journal=Nature |volume=378 |issue=6553 |pages=145–9 |bibcode=1995Natur.378..145R |doi=10.1038/378145a0 |s2cid=4359657}} * {{Cite journal |last=Rahmstorf, S. |year=1994 |title=Rapid climate transitions in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1994-11-03_372_6501/page/82 |journal=Nature |volume=372 |issue=6501 |pages=82–5 |bibcode=1994Natur.372...82R |doi=10.1038/372082a0 |s2cid=4356661}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] 2l2dn78ae9s822ljkignjsp2x3vvizh 0 108482 905541 903260 2026-08-21T10:02:25Z Zahrah0 14848 905541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aliya Kanani''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Kanada kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayon daga [[Toronto]], Ontario . An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka a matsayin Ms. Hina a fim din ''Scarborough'' na shekarar 2021, wanda ta sami kyautar Kanada don Kyautar Actress mafi kyau a 10th Canadian Screen Awards a shekarar 2022. A cikin shekarar 2022, an fara nunata a wasan kwaikwayo na wata mace me taken ;daga Ina kake daga ina? a taron Bikin Toronto Fringe, kuma ta bayyana a fim din Concrete Valley. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h9nc4mhasn7ne7pp5mai2osxcl5glzf 0 109255 905362 682716 2026-08-21T03:48:19Z BnHamid 12586 905362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hastings Kamuzu Banda (c. 1898 25 Nuwamba 1997) <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250321162929/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/obituary-dr-hastings-banda-1296534.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161206221127/https://www.nyasatimes.com/mcp-family-celebrate-kamuzus-life-chakwera-champion-rebuilding-party-headquarters/</ref>ɗan siyasan Malawi ne kuma ɗan jaha wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Malawi daga 1964 zuwa 1994. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista daga 'yancin kai a 1964 zuwa 1966, Onwe lokacin da Malawi ta zama mulkin mallaka. A shekarar 1966, kasar ta zama jamhuriya kuma ya zama shugaban kasa na farko a sakamakon haka, inda ya yi mulki har ya sha kaye a shekarar 1994. Bayan ya sami yawancin iliminsa a fannin ilimin harshe, ilimin harshe, tarihi, da likitanci a ƙasashen waje, Banda ya koma Nyasaland don yin magana game da mulkin mallaka da kuma ba da shawarar 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya. An nada shi Firayim Minista na Nyasaland a hukumance, kuma ya jagoranci kasar zuwa 'yancin kai a 1964. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, ya shelanta Malawi a matsayin jamhuriya tare da kansa a matsayin shugaban kasa na farko. Ya karfafa mulki sannan ya ayyana Malawi a matsayin kasa mai jam’iyya daya a karkashin jam’iyyar Malawi Congress Party (MCP). A 1970, MCP ya nada Banda shugaban jam'iyyar har abada. A 1971, ya zama shugaban kasa na rayuwar Malawi kanta. Shahararren shugaba mai adawa da kwaminisanci a Afirka, ya samu goyon baya daga kasashen Yamma a lokacin yakin cacar baka[2]. Gabaɗaya ya tallafa wa ’yancin mata, inganta abubuwan more rayuwa da kuma kiyaye tsarin ilimi mai kyau dangane da sauran ƙasashen Afirka<ref>https://academic.oup.com/book/45388/chapter/389336602</ref> Koyaya, Banda ta jagoranci ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatocin da suka fi zalunci a Afirka, zamanin da ya ga abokan adawar siyasa ana azabtar da su akai-akai kuma ana kashe su.[1][2][3] Kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam sun kiyasta cewa an kashe akalla mutane 6,000, an azabtar da su kuma an tsare su ba tare da shari'a ba.[4] An kashe mutane 18,000 a lokacin mulkinsa, bisa ga wani kimantawa. [5][6] An bayyana mulkinsa a matsayin "mai cin gashin kansa mai tsananin zalunci".[7] Banda ya kuma sami zargi don kiyaye cikakken dangantakar diflomasiyya tare da gwamnati wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. A shekara ta 1993, a cikin karuwar matsin lamba na cikin gida da na duniya, ya amince da gudanar da raba gardama wanda ya kawo karshen tsarin jam'iyya daya. Ba da daɗewa ba, wani taro na musamman ya kawo karshen shugabancin rayuwarsa kuma ya kwace shi da mafi yawan ikonsa. Banda ya tsaya takarar shugaban kasa a Zaben dimokuradiyya da ya biyo baya kuma an ci shi. Ya mutu a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1997. ==Farkon Rayuwa== Kamuzu Banda an haife shi Akim Kamn medicina Mtunthama Banda kusa da Kasungu a Malawi (a lokacin Afirka ta Tsakiya ta Burtaniya) ga Mphonongo Banda da Akupingamnyama Phiri . Ba a san ranar haihuwarsa ba, saboda ya faru ne lokacin da babu takardar rajistar haihuwa, amma Banda da kansa sau da yawa ya ba da ranar haihuwarta a matsayin 14 ga Mayu 1906. Daga baya, lokacin da aboki, Dokta Donal Brody ya gabatar da shaidar wasu al'adun kabilanci, Banda ya ce: "Babu wanda ya san sa'a, kwanan wata, watan ko shekarar da aka haife ni, kodayake yanzu na yarda da shaidar da ka ba ni - Maris ko Afrilu 1898. "<ref>https://www.scribd.com/doc/7693584/Dr-Banda-Biography1</ref> Ya bar makarantar ƙauyensa kusa da Mtunthama zuwa gidan kakanninsa na uwa kuma ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Chayamba a Chikondwa . A shekara ta 1908, ya koma tashar mishan ta Chilanga kuma an yi masa baftisma a shekara ta 1910. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 464mlz5zhej0iampbcpo4rumw165v4j 0 112438 905427 896876 2026-08-21T06:12:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tun lokacin da rahotanni game da fitowa da yaduwar Kwayar cutar rigakafin mutum (HIV) a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] tsakanin shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, <ref name="origins.osu.edu">{{Cite web |last=McDow |first=Thomas F. |date=October 2018 |title=A Century of HIV |url=https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121155732/https://origins.osu.edu/article/century-hiv-world-aids-day-africa-actup-unaids?language_content_entity=en |archive-date=21 January 2022 |access-date=28 June 2022 |publisher=[[Ohio State University]]}}</ref> annobar HIV / AIDS ana danganta ta da gay, bisexual, da sauran maza da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) ta hanyar masu ilimin cututtuka da masu sana'a. An fara lura da shi ne bayan likitoci sun gano tarin Sarcoma na Kaposi da pneumonia a cikin maza masu luwadi a [[Los Angeles]], [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], da [[San Francisco]] a cikin 1981. <ref name="origins.osu.edu" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2016 |title=A Timeline of HIV and AIDS |url=https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline |access-date=March 9, 2022 |website=HIV.gov |language=en}}</ref> Rahoton hukuma na farko game da kwayar cutar an buga shi ne ta Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka (CDC) a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1981, kuma ya ba da cikakken bayani game da shari'o'in samari biyar da aka kwantar da su a asibiti tare da mummunar kamuwa da cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 1981 |title=Pneumocystis Pneumonia --- Los Angeles |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/june_5.htm |access-date=March 10, 2021 |website=CDC}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, The New York Times ta ruwaito cewa an gano 'ɗan luwaɗi 41 da ke da Sarcoma na Kaposi, kuma takwas sun mutu kasa da watanni 24 bayan an gano cutar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Altman |first=Lawrence |date=July 3, 1981 |title=Rare Cancer Seen in 41 Homosexuals |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/03/us/rare-cancer-seen-in-41-homosexuals.html?&pagewanted=2 |access-date=March 10, 2021 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A shekara ta 1982, an kira yanayin a cikin al'ummar kiwon lafiya a matsayin "Rashin rigakafin da ke da alaƙa da gay luwaɗi" (GRID), "ciwon daji na ɗan luwaɗi", da kuma "ciwon sulhu na ɗan luwaɗano". Ba har zuwa watan Yulin 1982 ba ne aka ba da shawarar kalmar Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) don maye gurbin GRID, kuma har zuwa watan Satumba ne CDC ta fara amfani da acronym na cutar kanjamau. Masana kimiyya da likitoci yanzu sun san cewa HIV / AIDS ba kawai yana shafar MSM ba kuma yana iya kamuwa da kowa, ba tare da la'akari da Jima'i da jima'in ba. <ref name="Syst.Rev. 2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eaton |first=A.D. |last2=Scheadler |first2=T.R. |last3=Bradley |first3=C. |last4=McInroy |first4=L.B. |date=September 2023 |title=Identity development, attraction, and behaviour of heterosexually identified men who have sex with men: scoping review protocol |journal=[[Systematic Reviews (journal)|Systematic Reviews]] |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |volume=12 |issue=184 |page=184 |doi=10.1186/s13643-023-02355-6 |issn=2046-4053 |pmc=10542689 |pmid=37777815 |s2cid=263231942 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="UNAIDS">{{Cite web |date=November 2009 |title=2009 AIDS epidemic update |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/epidemiology/2009aidsepidemicupdate |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928011837/http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/epidemiology/2009aidsepidemicupdate/ |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=September 28, 2011 |publisher=Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and World Health Organization}}</ref> Duk da haka, MSM har yanzu ana daukar su a matsayin "mahimmanci" a duniya, ma'ana suna da ƙimar cutar kanjamau kuma suna cikin haɗari sosai don samun shi.<ref name="Syst.Rev. 2023" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-18 |title=Key Populations: Targeted Approaches Toward an AIDS-Free Generation |url=https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/health-areas/hiv-and-aids/technical-areas/key-populations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814002957/https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/health-areas/hiv-and-aids/technical-areas/key-populations |archive-date=August 14, 2019 |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Gay, bisexual, da sauran maza da ke yin jima'i da maza ƙananan kashi ne na yawan Jama'ar Amurka, amma koyaushe su ne yawan mutanen da cutar HIV / AIDS ta fi shafa a Amurka, kuma sune mafi yawan 'yan ƙasar Amurka da ke da cutar kanjamau waɗanda suka mutu. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta matsakaicin yaduwar cutar kanjamau a duniya tsakanin MSM a 7.7%.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global HIV & AIDS statistics — Fact sheet 2023 |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> == MSM a matsayin wani nau'i na halayyar == '''maza da ke yin jima'i da maza''' (an taƙaita su a matsayin '''MSM''', wanda aka fi sani da maza da ke yin lalata da maza) maza ne da ke yin ayyukan jima'i tare da 'yan jinsi ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da yadda suke nuna kansu ba. Yawancin MSM sun zaɓi kada su (ko ba za su iya ba saboda wasu dalilai) nuna kansu a matsayin [[Jima'in jinsi|ɗan luwaɗi]] ko bisexual.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNAIDS: Men who have sex with men |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/briefingnote/2006/20060801_policy_brief_msm_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320001221/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/dataimport/pub/briefingnote/2006/20060801_policy_brief_msm_en.pdf |archive-date=March 20, 2012 |access-date=October 24, 2012 |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Hakazalika, lakabin ya cire maza da suka bayyana kansu a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi ko bisexual, amma waɗanda ba su taɓa yin jima'i da wani mutum ba, gami da matasa masu yawa. An yi amfani da kalmomin "maza da ke yin jima'i da maza" (MSM) da "mata da ke yin lalata da mata" (WSW) a cikin ilimin likita da bincike tun aƙalla 1990. Amma, an danganta kalmar ga Glick et al., saboda amfani da su a cikin binciken 1994 ya karfafa manufar a cikin kalmomin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Young Meyer">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Young RM, Meyer IH |date=July 2005 |title=The trouble with "MSM" and "WSW": erasure of the sexual-minority person in public health discourse |journal=Am J Public Health |volume=95 |issue=7 |pages=1144–1149 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2004.046714 |pmc=1449332 |pmid=15961753}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Glick M, Muzyka BC, Salkin LM, Lurie D |date=May 1994 |title=Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis: a marker for immune deterioration and a predictor for the diagnosis of AIDS |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-periodontology_1994-05_65_5/page/n24 |journal=J. Periodontol. |volume=65 |issue=5 |pages=393–7 |doi=10.1902/jop.1994.65.5.393 |pmid=7913962}}</ref> Ana amfani da MSM sau da yawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen likita da bincike na zamantakewa don bayyana irin waɗannan maza a matsayin rukuni don nazarin bincike ba tare da la'akari da batutuwan tantance kai ba saboda yana ba da mafi kyawun halaye don nazarin haɗarin cututtuka fiye da rukunin da na ainihi (kamar "gay", "bisexual", ko "daidai"), saboda mutumin da ya nuna kansa a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi ko bisexual ba lallai ba ne yana yin jima'i da maza, kuma wani wanda ya nuna kansa kamar madaidaici yana iya yin jima'a tare da maza.<ref name="Young, Rebecca M 2005" /> === Yawan jama'a === Ƙayyade adadin mazan da suka taɓa yin jima'i da wani mutum yana da wahala a duniya. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa akalla kashi 3% kuma kashi 16% na maza sun yi jima’i akalla sau daya da namiji. Ƙididdigansu ya haɗa da waɗanda aka yi wa lalata baya ga maza waɗanda ke yin jima'i akai-akai ko da son rai tare da maza. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kiyasta cewa kashi 6-20% na maza a duniya suna yin jima'i da wasu maza a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu. Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan da aka yi ta amfani da dandamali na kafofin watsa labarun don kimanta yawan jama'ar duniya na MSM ya haifar da kiyasin mafi girma fiye da waɗanda UNAIDS ta ruwaito..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baral |first=Stefan |last2=Turner |first2=Rachael M |last3=Lyons |first3=Carrie E |last4=Howell |first4=Sean |last5=Honermann |first5=Brian |last6=Garner |first6=Alex |last7=Hess III |first7=Robert |last8=Diouf |first8=Daouda |last9=Ayala |first9=George |last10=Sullivan |first10=Patrick S |last11=Millett |first11=Greg |date=2018-02-08 |title=Population Size Estimation of Gay and Bisexual Men and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Social Media-Based Platforms |journal=JMIR Public Health and Surveillance |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=e15 |doi=10.2196/publichealth.9321 |issn=2369-2960 |pmc=5824103 |pmid=29422452 |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== MSM a Amurka ==== [[Fayil:AidsstatUSA.svg|thumb|400x400px|Adadin mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau a Amurka, da kuma yawan mutuwar da cutar kansar ta haifar da shekara (1980-2015).]] Ƙididdiga game da yawan mutanen Amurka na mazan da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) sun bambanta. Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta kiyasta cewa mazan da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) suna wakiltar kusan kashi 2% na yawan jama'ar Amurka. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2005 ya yi kiyasin cewa a tsakanin mazan Amurka masu shekaru 15 zuwa 44, kimanin kashi 6% na sun yi jima'i ta baki da/ko ta dubura tare da wani mutum a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu, kuma kusan kashi 2.9 cikin dari sun sami akalla abokin tarayya namiji guda a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata. Wani bincike na 2007 ya kiyasta cewa akwai maza miliyan 7.1 da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM) a Amurka, ko 6.4% na yawan jama'ar Amurka. [ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] Yawan mazan da suka yi jima'i da maza sun bambanta ta jiha, tare da mafi ƙarancin kashi a South Dakota (3.3%) kuma mafi girma a Gundumar Columbia (13.2%). Duk da haka, wannan binciken ya gano cewa kashi 57 cikin 100 na mazan da suka yi jima'i da maza da aka gano a matsayin masu jima'i ko kuma bisexual A shekara ta 2010 an kiyasta cewa kashi 2.6% na maza a Amurka sun yi jima'i a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, 4.0% a cikin shekaru biyar da suka wuce, kuma 7.0% a kowane lokaci a rayuwarsu. ==== Al'adun "ƙasa" tsakanin Black MSM ====   Down-low kalma ce ta Afirka ta Amirka wacce aka yi amfani da ita musamman a cikin al'ummar Afirka ta Amirka wacce galibi tana nufin al'adun jima'i na maza baƙi waɗanda galibi suna nuna kansu a matsayin masu jima'i amma suna neman saduwa da jima'i da dangantaka da wasu maza, suna yin tafiya ta gay, kuma suna amfani da takamaiman tufafin hip-hop a lokacin waɗannan ayyukan. <ref name="Am. J. Public Health">{{Cite journal |last=Bond |first=Lisa |last2=Wheeler |first2=Darrell P. |last3=Millett |first3=Gregorio A. |last4=LaPollo |first4=Archana B. |last5=Carson |first5=Lee F. |last6=Liau |first6=Adrian |date=April 2009 |editor-last=Morabia |editor-first=Alfredo |editor-link=Alfredo Morabia |title=Black Men Who Have Sex With Men and the Association of Down-Low Identity With HIV Risk Behavior |journal=[[American Journal of Public Health]] |publisher=[[American Public Health Association]] |volume=99 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=S92–S95 |doi=10.2105/AJPH.2007.127217 |issn=0090-0036 |eissn=1541-0048 |pmc=2724949 |pmid=19218177 |s2cid=40119540}}</ref><ref name="Hovey 2007">{{Cite book|doi=Hovey}}</ref> Gabaɗaya suna guje wa bayyana [[Ayyukan jima'i na ɗan adam|Ayyukan jima'i na jinsi ɗaya]], kuma galibi suna da abokin jima'i (s), kuma suna iya yin aure ko ba su da aure.<ref name="Coming Up from the Down Low">{{Cite web |last=King |first=J.L. |last2=Carreras |first2=Courtney |date=April 25, 2006 |title=Coming Up from the Down Low: The Journey to Acceptance, Healing and Honest Love |url=http://www.enotalone.com/article/4411.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818015102/http://www.enotalone.com/article/4411.html |archive-date=August 18, 2010 |access-date=December 18, 2009 |publisher=Three Rivers Press |page=36}}</ref> A cikin Binciken kiwon lafiya, ana amfani da kalmar down-low don gano rashin jituwa na jima'i tsakanin maza da ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM). <ref name="Syst.Rev. 2023"/> Dangane da binciken da aka buga a cikin Journal of Bisexuality, "[t]he Down Low salon rayuwa ne wanda matasa, mazajen baƙar fata na birane suka fi yin jima'i da wasu maza da mata, duk da haka ba sa nuna kansu a matsayin ɗan luwaɗi ko bisexual".<ref name="Attitudes Towards">{{Cite journal |last=Heath |first=Jessie |last2=Goggin |first2=Kathy |date=January 2009 |title=Attitudes Towards Male Homosexuality, Bisexuality, and the Down Low Lifestyle: Demographic Differences and HIV Implications |journal=Journal of Bisexuality |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=17–31 |doi=10.1080/15299710802659997 |s2cid=143995029}}</ref> A cikin wannan mahallin, "kasancewa a ''ƙasa-ƙasa''" ya fi kawai maza da ke yin jima'i da maza a asirce, ko kuma bambancin [[Jima'in jinsi|luwaɗi]] ko bisexuality - shine ainihin jima'i wanda, aƙalla a wani ɓangare, ya bayyana ta hanyar "bautar namiji" da kuma kin amincewa da abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin al'adun White American (ciki har da abin da aka ɗauka a matsayin Al'adun LGBT na White American) da kuma sharuddan. Wani labarin murfin 2003 a cikin The New York Times Magazine game da abin da ya faru a ƙasa ya bayyana cewa al'ummar baƙar fata ta Amurka suna ganin "kisan jinsi a matsayin farar fata. " Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da bayyana al'adun ƙasa kamar haka:<ref name="Double Lives" /> {{Cquote|Rejecting a [[gay culture]] they perceive as white and effeminate, many black men have settled on a new identity, with its own vocabulary and customs and its own name: Down Low. There have always been men – black and white – who have had secret sexual lives with men. But the creation of an organized, underground subculture largely made up of black men who otherwise live straight lives is a phenomenon of the last decade. ... Most date or marry women and engage sexually with men they meet only in anonymous settings like bathhouses and parks or through the Internet. Many of these men are young and from the inner city, where they live in a hypermasculine thug culture. Other DL men form romantic relationships with men and may even be peripheral participants in mainstream gay culture, all unknown to their colleagues and families. Most DL men identify themselves not as gay or bisexual but first and foremost as black. To them, as to many blacks, that equates to being inherently masculine.<ref name="Double Lives" />}} CDC ta ambaci binciken guda uku da suka shafi mazajen Afirka-Amurka da ke aiki a kan ƙasa (sanya cikin aikin MSM amma ba sa bayyana wa wasu): * Maza na Afirka na Amurka waɗanda ke yin jima'i da maza (MSM), amma waɗanda ba su bayyana yanayin jima'i ba (marasa bayyana), suna da yaduwar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau (14%); kusan sau uku fiye da MSMs marasa bayyanawa na wasu kabilu / kabilun (5%). * Tabbatar da binciken da ya gabata, binciken 5,589 MSM, masu shekaru 15-29, a cikin biranen Amurka guda shida sun gano cewa MSM na Afirka na Amurka ba zai iya bayyana yanayin jima'i ba idan aka kwatanta da fararen MSM (18% vs. 8%). * Wadanda ba su da cutar kanjamau ba su da tabbas sun san matsayin su na cutar kanjamaun cutar kanjamao (98% ba su san cutar kanjamawa ba idan aka kwatanta da 75% na masu bayyana cutar kanjama'u), kuma sun fi samun abokan jima'i na mata na baya-bayan nan.<ref name="MMWR">{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2003 |title=CDC: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/mmwrnews/n030207.htm#mmwr1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005104759/http://cdc.gov/media/mmwrnews/n030207.htm#mmwr1 |archive-date=October 5, 2009 |access-date=October 31, 2009 |publisher=CDC: US Center for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> == Abubuwan haɗari == A cewar UNAIDS, a cikin 2018, MSM a duniya suna da haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau sau 22 idan aka kwatanta da dukan manya maza.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=UNAIDS |date=4 December 2019 |title=UNAIDS data 2019 |url=https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2019-UNAIDS-data_en.pdf |access-date=6 December 2019 |website=UNAIDS}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2007 wanda ya binciki binciken da aka gudanar da yawa ya gano cewa "mafi yawan maza masu luwadi suna da irin wannan adadin abokan jima'i marasa kariya a kowace shekara a matsayin maza da mata masu kai tsaye. " Koyaya, binciken da aka samu a shekara ta 2006 ya gano cewa maza da suka ba da rahoton maza 4 ko fiye suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Goodreau SM, Golden MR |date=October 2007 |title=Biological and demographic causes of high HIV and sexually transmitted disease prevalence in men who have sex with men |journal=Sex Transm Infect |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=458–462 |doi=10.1136/sti.2007.025627 |pmc=2598698 |pmid=17855487}}</ref> Wadanda suka halarci binciken da suka ba da rahoton amphetamine ko amfani da barasa mai yawa kafin jima'i sun fi samun kwayar cutar kanjamau ko wasu cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i. Binciken Kaiser Family Foundation ya nuna cewa ƙananan Amurkawa suna kallon kwayar cutar kanjamau a matsayin mafi girman fifiko na kiwon lafiya a yau idan aka kwatanta da shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin 1996, kashi 25% na Amurkawa sun kalli kwayar cutar kanjamau a matsayin "matsalar gaggawa" ga al'ummarsu amma a cikin 2009, kashi 17% ne kawai suka lissafa shi a matsayin "mai gaggawa. " Kashi na masu shekaru 18 zuwa 29 da suka damu da kansu game da kamuwa da kwayar cutar ya ragu daga kashi 28% a cikin 1995 zuwa 17% a cikin 2009 Binciken da aka gudanar a manyan biranen Amurka ya gano cewa daya cikin matasa maza 4 da suka yi jima'i da maza sun yi imanin cewa suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kanjamawa da kwayoyin cutar kanjama. === Jima'i mara kariya === Kwayar cutar kanjamau tana da sauƙin yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i mara kariya fiye da ta hanyar jima-i mara kogi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-20 |title=Men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV and AIDS |url=http://www.avert.org/men-sex-men.htm |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2009-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923140752/http://www.avert.org/men-sex-men.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma maza da suka ba da rahoton jima'i na hanci mara kariya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kansar HIV. Gabaɗaya, abokin tarayya mai karɓa yana cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau saboda lining na rectum yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana iya ba da damar kwayar cutar ta shiga jiki ta hanyar musayar maniyyi. Abokin hulɗa yana cikin haɗari saboda STIs na iya shiga ta hanyar urethra ko ta hanyar ƙananan yanka, abrasions, ko buɗewa a kan azzakari. Har ila yau, kwaroron roba sun fi fashewa yayin jima'i na baya fiye da lokacin jima'i. Don haka, ko da tare da kwaroron roba, jima'i na iya zama haɗari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Center for Disease Control; "Can I get HIV from anal sex?" |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa22.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303171738/http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/qa/qa22.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2017-09-09}}</ref> Binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2004 game da maza masu dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau sun gano cewa maza da ba su da kariya ga jima'i na baya (UAI) a cikin shekarar da ta gabata sun kasance cikin haɗari don kamuwa da kwayar cuta. Binciken ya gano cewa maza da suka ba da rahoton shiga cikin UAI sun karu daga 30% a 1996 zuwa 42% a 2000. Kusan rabin dukkan maza da suka halarci UAI a cikin 1996-1997 sun ce ba su san matsayin kwayar cutar kanjamau na abokin tarayya ba Nazarin sun gano cewa abubuwan haɗari na kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV shine jima'i da mutum a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata, suna da gidaje marasa daidaituwa, kuma suna shan alkyl nitrites ("poppers"). Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2009 game da yaduwar jima'i ba tare da kariya ba tsakanin MSM da aka gano a matsayin HIV ya gano cewa yawancin sun kare abokan aikinsu yayin jima'i, amma maza da yawa suna ci gaba da yin jima'i da halayen jima'i wanda ke sanya kansu da wasu cikin haɗari ga kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV. === Gajiyawar kwando === Although HIV transmission rates fell throughout the 1990s, they hit a plateau at the end of the decade. The increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases in major cities in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom led to reports in the gay and mainstream media of condom fatigue and "AIDS optimism" as causes of the new "laxness" in safe sex practices. This is supported by research on the tendency of couples (heterosexual or homosexual) to use [[Kwararon roba|condoms]] less over time. A 2010 study found that gay and bisexual men choose to have unprotected sex for a variety of reasons and cannot be generalized. Erectile dysfunction, mental health problems and depression, lack of communication or intimacy, and a subculture of unprotected sex were all listed as reasons why men had sex without condoms voluntarily.<ref name="Adam, Barry D. 2005" /> == Rigakafi == A ƙarshen shekarun 1980 an kirkiro kungiyoyin bayar da shawarwari kai tsaye na farko ga mutanen da ke fama da cutar kanjamau / AIDS. Musamman, an kafa kungiyar AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) a Cibiyar Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community a New York bayan maganin antiretroviral AZT don neman damar samun magunguna da farashi mai rahusa, ilimin jama'a game da cutar kanjamau da haramta nuna bambanci da ke da alaƙa da cutar kansar AIDS. Shirin hadin gwiwa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan cutar kanjamau (UNAIDS) ya buga takarda a cikin 2005 yana ba da takamaiman hanyoyin magance yaduwar cutar kanjamau a cikin yawan MSM na takamaiman yankuna a duniya.  Sun yi nuni da "rashin ilimi mai zurfi" da kuma kyama game da jinsin jima'i a matsayin shinge na duniya don hana watsawa da kuma karfafa wadanda suka kamu da cutar su nemi magani.  Shirin UNAIDS ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Afirka ta Kudu ta aiwatar da manufofin "cikakkiyar jima'i" don rage kyamar al'umma game da luwadi da inganta amfani da man shafawa na ruwa.  Musamman a Maroko, shirin ya ba da shawarar raba kwaroron roba a gidajen yari.  A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, gwamnatin kasar Sin ta fara amincewa da jima'i na al'ummarta.  A cewar UNAIDS, "Gwamnati ta samu gagarumin ci gaba wajen sanin batun lafiyar jima'i tsakanin namiji da namiji da kuma cutar kanjamau."  A cikin Latin Amurka, kai tsaye zuwa yankunan karkara yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kulawa ga kowane mutum.  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kuma jaddada mayar da hankali kan al'ummar LGBT wadanda suka fi rauni a kasashen Latin Amurka.  A Jamaica, kamar yadda yake a ƙasashe da yawa a duniya, an haramta yin luwadi don haka akwai ƙalubale na musamman ga rigakafin cutar HIV a cikin al'ummar MSM.  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na kokarin aiwatar da dabarun da suka shafi al'umma a Jamaica tare da tabbatar da boye sunayen mutanen da aka yi aiki.  A Norway, UNAIDS ta lura da karuwar yawan MSM da ke fama da cututtukan da ake dauka ta hanyar jima'i ba tare da yin magani ba, kuma sun fi mayar da hankali kan inganta amfani da kwaroron roba a cikin al'ummar gay.  Duk da suna "mai sassaucin ra'ayi da ci gaba" da Kanada ke da shi a fagen duniya, har yanzu cin mutuncin da ke da alaƙa da HIV yana da alaƙa da al'ummar luwaɗi.  Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi imanin cewa akwai bukatar Amurka ta amince da ilimin jima'i a matsayin wani muhimmin hakki na dan Adam.  Bugu da ƙari, ingantacciyar bincike kan MSM a cikin Amurka zai yi tasiri mai kyau wajen bayar da kuɗi don shirye-shiryen rigakafin cutar HIV. Nazarin ya nuna cewa duk da cewa akwai babbar kasuwa don maganin ƙwayoyin cuta na farji a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa, ƙwayoyin microbicides suna ƙazanta da ƙarancin bincike.  Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da cewa ba a tabbatar da cewa microbicide zai kare da kyau daga haɗarin saduwar dubura ba tare da kariya ba, amma masu fafutuka sun yi imanin cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin kudade don bincike tunda yawan amfani da kwaroron roba ya yi ƙasa sosai.  Duk da haka, ƙiyayya da ƙiyayya za su iya zama shinge ga daidaikun mutanen da ke siyan samfurin.  Marubutan sun ambaci wannan abin damuwa ne musamman a ƙasashen Caribbean inda cutar kanjamau ta yi yawa amma har yanzu liwadi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne kuma ana kyamace shi (Duba HIV/AIDS a cikin Caribbean..) PrEP (pré-exposure prophylaxis) wata hanya ce ta rigakafin cutar kanjamau inda mutane da ke cikin babban haɗari ga cutar kanjamaun daji, kamar MSM, ke cinye magungunan antiretrovirals na baki don hana kamuwa da cuta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murchu |first=Eamon O. |last2=Marshall |first2=Liam |last3=Teljeur |first3=Conor |last4=Harrington |first4=Patricia |last5=Hayes |first5=Catherine |last6=Moran |first6=Patrick |last7=Ryan |first7=Mairin |date=2022-05-01 |title=Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations |url=https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e048478.info |journal=BMJ Open |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e048478 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478 |issn=2044-6055 |pmc=9096492 |pmid=35545381 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Sau da yawa, ana shan waɗannan magunguna ta baki a matsayin haɗuwa da tenofovir da emtricitabine kuma suna da tasiri sosai a cikin MSM. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murchu |first=Eamon O. |last2=Marshall |first2=Liam |last3=Teljeur |first3=Conor |last4=Harrington |first4=Patricia |last5=Hayes |first5=Catherine |last6=Moran |first6=Patrick |last7=Ryan |first7=Mairin |date=2022-05-01 |title=Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations |url=https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e048478.info |journal=BMJ Open |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e048478 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478 |issn=2044-6055 |pmc=9096492 |pmid=35545381 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Koyaya, tasirin PrEP ya dogara da bin doka. Dangane da wasu binciken, raguwar 10% a bin ya rage inganci da 13%. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murchu |first=Eamon O. |last2=Marshall |first2=Liam |last3=Teljeur |first3=Conor |last4=Harrington |first4=Patricia |last5=Hayes |first5=Catherine |last6=Moran |first6=Patrick |last7=Ryan |first7=Mairin |date=2022-05-01 |title=Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations |url=https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e048478.info |journal=BMJ Open |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e048478 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478 |issn=2044-6055 |pmc=9096492 |pmid=35545381 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> PrEP hanya ce mai amfani sosai ta rigakafin cutar kanjamau ban da gwajin cutar kanjamaun daji, shawarwarin mai haƙuri, da ayyukan jima'i masu aminci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Murchu |first=Eamon O. |last2=Marshall |first2=Liam |last3=Teljeur |first3=Conor |last4=Harrington |first4=Patricia |last5=Hayes |first5=Catherine |last6=Moran |first6=Patrick |last7=Ryan |first7=Mairin |date=2022-05-01 |title=Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical effectiveness, safety, adherence and risk compensation in all populations |url=https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e048478.info |journal=BMJ Open |language=en |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e048478 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048478 |issn=2044-6055 |pmc=9096492 |pmid=35545381 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> === Samun damar yin gwaji === UNAIDS ta lura da "zaɓin kai tsaye" (zaɓi abokin tarayya bisa ga matsayin su na HIV) yana ƙara zama ruwan dare a zaɓin abokin tarayya da watsawa a Amurka. Wani binciken CDC na 2008 ya gano cewa daya cikin biyar (19%) na MSM a manyan biranen Amurka sun kamu da kwayar cutar kanjamau kuma kusan rabin (44%) ba su san kamuwa da cutar ba. Mutane da yawa da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba sa neman magani har sai da suka gabata a lokacin kamuwa da cutar (kimanin kashi 42% ba sa neman kulawa har sai sun fara fuskantar alamun rashin lafiya.) Bugu da ƙari, wani ɓangare mai yawa na mutanen da aka gwada cutar kanjamawa ba sa dawowa don sakamakon gwajin su. Bincike ya ba da shawarar don tallafawa da aiwatar da gwaje-gwajen HIV waɗanda za a iya gudanar da su a waje da saitunan kiwon lafiya tun shekara ta 2003. Ana ɗaukar gwajin gida yana da mahimmanci musamman saboda 8%-39% na abokan hulɗa da aka gwada a cikin nazarin shawarwarin abokin hulɗa da sabis na turawa (PCRS) an gano su da kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau da ba a gano su ba a baya. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, OraQuick, kayan gwajin cutar kanjamau na farko, ya fara sayarwa don $ 40. Gwajin kusan 100% daidai ne lokacin da ya hango hasashen sakamakon cutar kanjamau ga mutanen da ba su da cutar kanjamawa. Koyaya, ga mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar kanjamau waɗanda ba su riga sun samar da magungunan rigakafin da aka gano ta hanyar gwajin ba, yana samar da mummunan 93% na lokacin. Kodayake masana'anta, OraSure Technologies, ba ta tallata gwajin don amfani don zaɓar abokan tarayya, masana sun ba da shawarar cewa yana iya hana hulɗar jima'i mara kariya tare da abokan hulɗa waɗanda suka yi ƙarya ko ba su san matsayinsu na HIV ba. Wani binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya bincika yadda gwajin OraQuick zai gano halayyar maza masu luwadi 27 da suka bayyana kansu wadanda galibi suna yin jima'i da sanannun mutane. Masu binciken sun ba wa kowane mahalarta gwaje-gwaje 16 don amfani da su a cikin watanni uku. An gwada abokan hulɗa 101 masu yuwuwa, kuma 10 sun kasance masu kyau. Babu wani daga cikin mahalarta da ya yi jima'i da wani wanda ya kamu da cutar. Sauran abokan hulɗa 23 sun ki gwajin kuma sun bar gamuwa. Maza 2 sun yarda cewa suna da kwayar cutar kanjamau. Yawancin mahalarta sun ce za su ci gaba da amfani da gwaje-gwaje na gida bayan binciken ya ƙare don gwada abokan tarayya da kansu. Masu binciken sun yi la'akari da gwajin gida a matsayin ingantacciyar hanyar rigakafi ga kungiyoyin masu haɗari. Koyaya, farashin $ 40 na gwajin ana ɗaukarsa babban abin hanawa ga gwajin abokin tarayya na yau da kullun. == Jerin ƙididdigar kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ta ƙasa == '''Bayyanawa''': ƙididdigar ƙididdigarsa ta HIV na iya zama ba daidai ba. Misali, UNAIDS ta ruwaito cewa yawan cutar kanjamau tsakanin MSM a Ostiraliya ya kasance 18.1%, <ref name=":0"/> amma ainihin adadin da Australian Federation of AIDS ta ruwaito ya kasance 7.9%.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=HIV IN AUSTRALIA 2020 |url=https://www.afao.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2725_afao_infographic_9.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310112914/https://www.afao.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2725_afao_infographic_9.pdf |archive-date=10 March 2020 |access-date=12 March 2020 |website=Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations}}</ref> Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa UNAIDS ta dogara da samfurin saukakawa na maza da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau, don haka ba su kama cikakken wakilci na yawan MSM ba. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Country !MSM HIV prevalence rate estimate (%) |- |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} |0.5<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=UNAIDS - KEY POPULATIONS ATLAS |url=https://kpatlas.unaids.org/dashboard |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=kpatlas.unaids.org}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Albania}} |2.0<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=UNAIDS data 2022 |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2023/2022_unaids_data |access-date=2023-08-22 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} |2.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Argentina}} |15.7<ref>{{Cite web |title=Argentina |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/argentina |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=UNAIDS - KEY POPULATIONS ATLAS |url=http://kpatlas.unaids.org/dashboard |access-date=2020-03-12 |website=kpatlas.unaids.org}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} |5.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Australia}} |8.1<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} |2.6<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Bahamas}} |19.6<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |1.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Barbados}} |2.8<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Belarus}} |5.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} |12.3<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Belize}} |13.9<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Belize |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/belize |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Benin}} |7.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Bolivia}} |25.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |1.1<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Botswana}} |14.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} |18.3<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Burkina Faso}} |1.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Burundi}} |4.8<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Cabo Verde}} |15.0<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cape Verde |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/capeverde |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Cambodia}} |4.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Cameroon}} |20.6<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Canada}} |6.7<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/canada |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Central African Republic}} |3.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|China}} |5.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} |17.0<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Congo}} |41.2<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} |15.4<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Côte d'Ivoire}} |7.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Croatia}} |2.8<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Cuba}} |5.6<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} |4.8<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |7.1<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} |4.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Ecuador}} |10.2<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} |6.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} |14.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Eswatini}} |27.2<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Fiji}} |0.5<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |0.4<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|France}} |14.0<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Gambia}} |34.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} |15<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} |4.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Greece}} |12.7<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Greece |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/greece |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Guatemala}} |9.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Guyana}} |4.9<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Haiti}} |4.5<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} |10<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} |4.1<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|India}} |3.3<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Indonesia}} |17.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Ireland}} |9.0<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Italy}} |30.0<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} |29.8<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Japan}} |4.8<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} |0.2<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Kazakhstan}} |6.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Kenya}} |18.2<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=HIV and AIDS in Kenya |url=https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/kenya#footnote16_9u72kn4 |access-date=6 December 2019 |website=Avert |archive-date=14 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614115308/https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-africa/kenya#footnote16_9u72kn4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |6.6<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Lao People's Democratic Republic}} |4.1<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} |7.8<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} |12<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Lesotho}} |32.9<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Liberia}} |19.8<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberia |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/liberia |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Libya}} |3.1<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} |3.0<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Madagascar}} |14.9<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Malawi}} |12.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} |21.6<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Mali}} |12.6<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} |23.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} |17.2<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |11.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Mongolia}} |7.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Montenegro}} |12.5<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} |4.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} |8.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} |5.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} |0.3<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} |6.5<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} |8.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Niger}} |6.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Nigeria}} |25<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |3.7<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Panama}} |8.3<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} |21.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Peru}} |10.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} |5.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Poland}} |7.2<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} |5.9<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Republic of Moldova}} |11.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Republic of North Macedonia}} |5.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Romania}} |18.2<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}} |1.3<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} |27.6<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} |6.0<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Seychelles}} |13.2<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Seychelles |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/seychelles |access-date=2019-12-06 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Sierra Leone}} |3.4<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} |2.2<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} |1.0<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} |29.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Republic of Korea}} |3.0<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> |- |{{Flag|Spain}} |16<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |0.2<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Sudan}} |0.8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} |2.0<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} |8.0<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schmidt |first=Axel Jeremias |last2=Altpeter |first2=Ekkehardt |date=June 2019 |title=The Denominator problem: estimating the size of local populations of men-who-have-sex-with-men and rates of HIV and other STIs in Switzerland |journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections |volume=95 |issue=4 |pages=285–291 |doi=10.1136/sextrans-2017-053363 |issn=1472-3263 |pmc=6585275 |pmid=30679393}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Tajikistan}} |2.3<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |11.9<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Timor-Leste}} |1.3<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Togo}} |22.0<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |26.6<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} |8.2<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Uganda}} |12.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} |3.9<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |8<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|United Republic of Tanzania}} |8.4<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|United States}} |14.5<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} |8.5<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Uzbekistan}} |3.7<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Vietnam}} |13.3<ref name=":3" /> |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} |5.9<ref name=":4" /> |- |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |21.1<ref name=":3" /> |} == Yawan kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a Amurka == Kwayar cutar HIV tana shafar Tsarin rigakafi mutum kuma, idan ba a kula da ita ba zai iya haifar da cutar cutar rigakafin da aka samu (AIDS).<ref name="pmid11396444">{{Cite journal |last=Sepkowitz KA |date=June 2001 |title=AIDS—the first 20 years |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=344 |issue=23 |pages=1764–1772 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200106073442306 |pmid=11396444 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Weiss RA |date=May 1993 |title=How does HIV cause AIDS? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1993-05-28_260_5112/page/1273 |journal=Science |volume=260 |issue=5112 |pages=1273–1279 |bibcode=1993Sci...260.1273W |doi=10.1126/science.8493571 |pmid=8493571}}</ref> CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa a cikin 2009 cewa jima'i na namiji da namiji (MSM) ya kai kashi 61 cikin 100 na duk sabbin cututtukan HIV a cikin Amurka kuma waɗanda ke da tarihin allurar miyagun ƙwayoyi na nishaɗi sun haɗa da ƙarin 3% na sababbin cututtuka. Daga cikin kusan mutane 784,701 da ke dauke da cutar HIV, 396,810 (51%) sun kasance MSM. Kimanin kashi 48 cikin 100 na MSM da ke zaune tare da cutar HIV fari ne, kashi 30% baƙar fata ne, kuma 19% na Hispanic ne ko Latino. Kodayake yawancin MSM fararen fata ne, wadanda ba fararen fata ba sun kai kashi 54% na sabbin cututtukan HIV masu alaƙa da cututtukan MSM a cikin 2008.. A cikin 2010 CDC ta ba da rahoton cewa MSM tana wakiltar kusan kashi 4 cikin 100 na yawan maza a Amurka amma jima'i tsakanin namiji da namiji ya kai kashi 78 cikin 100 na sabbin kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau tsakanin maza da kashi 63 cikin 100 na dukkan sabbin kamuwar cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DECEMBER 2012 2 HIV Infections by Route of Transmission |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/2012/hiv-infections-2007-2010.pdf |access-date=2 April 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> Maza gabaɗaya sun kai kashi 76% na dukan manya da matasa da ke zaune tare da kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau a ƙarshen 2010 a Amurka, da kuma kashi 80% (38,000) na kimanin sabbin kamuwa da cutar kanjamawa 47,500. Kashi 69% na maza da ke fama da cutar kanjamau sun kasance masu luwadi, masu jima'i biyu, da sauran maza da ke yin jima'i da maza. 39% (14,700) na sabbin cututtukan HIV a cikin maza na Amurka sun kasance a cikin baƙi, 35% (13,200) sun kasance a kan fararen fata, kuma 22% (8,500) sun kasance cikin Hispanics / Latinos. Adadin sabbin cututtukan HIV tsakanin baƙar fata (a kowace 100,000) ya kasance 103.6 - sau shida da rabi na fararen maza (15.8) kuma fiye da sau biyu na yawan tsakanin maza na Hispanic / Latino (45.5) tun daga shekara ta 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HIV Among Men in the United States |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/gender/men/index.html |access-date=2 April 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> CDC (2015) ta ba da rahoton cewa maza masu luwadi da masu jima'i sun kai kashi 82% (26,375) na binciken kwayar cutar kanjamau tsakanin maza da kashi 67% na duk binciken a Amurka, yayin da kashi shida (2,392) na binciken kwaya cutar kanjamawa an danganta su da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (IDU) da kuma wani kashi 3% (1,202) ga hulɗar jima'i tsakanin namiji da namiji da IDU. Sadarwar jima'i ta kai kashi 24% (9,339) na duk binciken cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HIV in the United States: At A Glance |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/ataglance.html |access-date=2 April 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> Daga cikin dukkan mazaje masu luwadi da madigo da ke dauke da cutar kanjamau da aka kebe da cutar kanjamau a Amurka a shekarar 2015, Amurkawa ‘yan Afirka ne suka fi yawa (3,928; 39%), sai farare (3,096; 31%) da Hispanic/Latinos (2,430; 24%). A ƙarshen 2014, 508,676 'yan luwadi da maza bisexual suna rayuwa tare da kamuwa da cutar HIV (kashi 53 cikin 100 na duk wanda ke da cutar HIV a Amurka). Daga cikin 'yan luwadi da maza biyu da ke zaune tare da kamuwa da cutar HIV, 157,758 (31%) Ba'amurke ne, 212,558 (42%) farare ne, kuma 109,857 (22%) 'yan Hispanic/Latino. Daga 2005 zuwa 2014 bincike a tsakanin 'yan luwadi na Amurkawa da maza bisexual ya karu da kashi 22% amma ya karu kasa da 1% tsakanin 2010 da 2014. Binciken cutar kanjamau tsakanin 'yan luwadi na Afirka da maza biyu masu shekaru 13 zuwa 24 ya karu da 87% tsakanin 2005 da 2014, amma tare da raguwar 2000 tsakanin 2014 da 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HIV Among African American Gay and Bisexual Men |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/group/msm/bmsm.html |access-date=2 April 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> Wani binciken da aka yi a shekara ta 2010 ya kiyasta cewa ga kowane MSM 100,000, za a gano 692 da kwayar cutar kanjamau. Wannan ya sa MSM sau 60 ya fi kamuwa da kwayar cutar fiye da sauran maza kuma sau 54 ya fi dacewa da mata. Tun lokacin da ya kai kololuwa a 1993-1994 yawan mutuwar da ke haifar da cutar kanjamau ya fadi fiye da wasu manyan abubuwan da ke haifar le mutuwa 9, duk da haka tun daga shekarar 2013 cutar kanjamaun ta ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da mutuwa tsakanin mutane 25-44, musamman tsakanin maza, 'yan Afirka na Amurka da kuma a Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality Slide Series |url=https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/slidesets/cdc-hiv-epa5-mortality-slides-2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222072301/https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/slidesets/CDC-HIV-EPA5-Mortality-Slides-2013.pdf |archive-date=22 February 2017 |access-date=2 April 2017 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |publisher=U.S. Department of Health & Human Services}}</ref> Har ila yau, game da alaƙar cutar kanjamau da mutuwa, wani bincike a Burtaniya ya ba da rahoton cewa a cikin shekara ta 2008 yawan mace-mace tsakanin mutanen da aka gano cutar kanjama'u masu shekaru 15-59 sun kasance fiye da sau biyar fiye da wannan a cikin yawan jama'a. Koyaya, kamar yadda binciken ya yarda da bayanai game da tasirin HIV / AIDS akan mutuwa tsakanin maza masu luwadi da maza biyu da kuma tsakanin sauran al'ummomi, yana da iyaka sosai, kuma hanyoyin amfani da wannan matsala ce. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3eitr7jviu4o56l66s27vsd4696o0qr 0 113992 905380 773786 2026-08-21T04:17:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grace Boadu Kumanin''' (ya rasu a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 2024) wata kwararriyar likitancin ganyayyaki ce 'yar Ghana, wacce ta kafa kuma Shugaba na asibitin Grace Gift Herbal Hospital and Laboratory Services.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayisah |first=Foster |date=20 December 2020 |title=Pay much attention to herbal medicine--Ministry of Health told |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1050862/pay-much-attention-to-herbal-medicine-ministry.html |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nti |first=Kwaku |date=9 August 2021 |title='Include approved Herbal Medicines in NHIS' - Gracegift Clinic CEO to Govt |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/08/09/include-approved-herbal-medicines-in-nhis-gracegift-clinic-ceo-to-govt/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130071319/https://angelonline.com.gh/2021/08/09/include-approved-herbal-medicines-in-nhis-gracegift-clinic-ceo-to-govt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Dr. Grace Boadu commiserates with Prez. Kufour as state mourns former First Lady |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dr-Grace-Boadu-commiserates-with-Prez-Kufour-as-state-mourns-former-First-Lady-1882697 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Angel |date=29 January 2024 |title=Founder of Grace Gift Hospital dies |url=https://angelonline.com.gh/2024/01/29/founder-of-grace-gift-hospital-dies/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Angel Online |language=en-US |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226051453/https://angelonline.com.gh/2024/01/29/founder-of-grace-gift-hospital-dies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Tarayyar diflomasiyya ta Duniya da kuma Jakadan Herbal Health Evangelion . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2021 |title=World Diplomatic Federation inducts members - MyJoyOnline |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/world-diplomatic-federation-inducts-members/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=World Diplomatic Federation Inducts Members! |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202101/436571.php |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131220617/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202101/436571.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Boadu ya fito ne daga Ejisu Abankro a [[Yankin Ashanti]] na Ghana . Ta halarci [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah]] inda ta yi karatun jinya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ankah Nyavi |first=Getrude |date=31 January 2024 |title=How herbal doctor Grace Boadu was found dead |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/how-herbal-doctor-grace-boadu-was-found-dead.html |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> Ta kuma halarci Kwalejin Nursing ta St. Gilbert a Kumasi a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Okyere |first=Gertrude |date=30 January 2024 |title=Popular herbal doctor passes on |url=https://www.adomonline.com/popular-herbal-doctor-passes-on/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ta sami lambar yabo ta digiri daga Jami'ar City a Kambodiya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=Grace Boadu Gets Doctorate Award |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-boadu-gets-doctorate-award/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Boadu ta fara aikinta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kafin ta zama likitan magani.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Owusu-Mensah |first=Jeffrey |date=30 January 2024 |title=She wasn't sick: Cause of Dr Grace Boadu's death pops up in video & it's painful |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/250496-dr-grace-boadu-death-grace-gift-herbal-hospital-ceo-emerges-s-painful-video/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2019 |title=Trained Nurse Turned Herbalist |url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/trained-nurse-turned-herbalist/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=The Publisher Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a asibitin asibitin da ke Kumasi; Asibitin Mary Lucy da ke Accra; Kropo Charity Hospital, da Ebenezer Maternity Home in Kumasi.<ref name=":1"/> == Taimako == A cikin Nuwamba 2023, ta ba da gudummawar GHC10,000 don gyara asibitin koyarwa na Komfo Anokye.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2023 |title=Dr Grace Boadu donates GHC10,000 towards the 'Heal Komfo Anokye' project |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Dr-Grace-Boadu-donates-GHC10-000-towards-the-Heal-Komfo-Anokye-project-1882691 |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Boadu yana da kawun da ake kira Akwasi Addae . <ref name=":0"/> Ba ta yi aure ba kuma ba ta da yara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owusu-Mensah |first=Jeffrey |date=31 January 2024 |title="She had no child": Uncle of Dr Grace Boadu speaks as family grieves in video |url=https://yen.com.gh/people/250578-dr-grace-boadu-family-speaks-age-details-husband-children-grace-gift-ceo-drop-video/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> Tana kuma da ɗan'uwa mai suna Emmanuel Boadu .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Family Of Grace Boadu Addresses Rumours Surrounding Her Sudden Death |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202402/498783.php |access-date=2024-02-05 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=2024-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205020513/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/202402/498783.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Mutuwa da binnewa === Boadu ta mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2024 bayan an yi zargin cewa ta shiga cikin gidan wanka kuma ta bugi kanta a ƙasa.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Popular Kumasi herbal doctor dead |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1289353/popular-kumasi-herbal-doctor-dead.html |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Ta mutu a gidanta a Tantra Hills a Accra .<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Grace Herbal Clinic Doctor, Grace Boadu Confirmed Dead |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-herbal-clinic-doctor-grace-boadu-confirmed-dead/ |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Ajagurajah explains the spiritual reasons why Dr. Grace Boadu 'died in the bathroom' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ajagurajah-explains-the-spiritual-reasons-why-Dr-Grace-Boadu-died-in-the-bathroom-1914180 |access-date=31 January 2024 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> An binne ta a ranar 9 ga Maris 2024 a Ejisu Abankro a yankin Ashanti na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-10 |title=Watch: Dr Grace Boadu's mother in uncontrollable tears as her daughter is laid in state |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Watch-Dr-Grace-Boadu-s-mother-in-uncontrollable-tears-as-her-daughter-is-laid-in-state-1920805 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Abedu-Kennedy |first=Dorcas |date=2024-03-11 |title=Dr. Grace Boadu's mother in uncontrollable tears at daughter's funeral |url=https://www.adomonline.com/dr-grace-boadus-mother-in-uncontrollable-tears-at-daughters-funeral/ |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Adomonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == A cikin Maris 2023, an karrama asibitinta da 'Mafi kyawun Cibiyar Ganye na Shekara' yayin bikin 6th na Gargajiya da Madadin Likitanci na Yammacin Afirka wanda aka gudanar a Accra. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2023 |title=Grace Gift Herbal Picks Top Award |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/grace-gift-herbal-picks-top-award/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin Disamba 2023, Keche ta karrama Boadu bayan wani memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ya sami jinya daga wurinta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei-Bonsu |first=Evans |date=13 December 2023 |title=Keche pays glowing tribute to Dr. Grace Boadu after successful medial treatment |url=https://purefmonline.com/2023/12/13/keche-pays-glowing-tribute-to-dr-grace-boadu-after-successful-medial-treatment/ |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Purefmonline }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] 9xqc1csp88vkvhyklnzpmrlx5g8fmpo 0 117746 905379 721543 2026-08-21T04:01:06Z BnHamid 12586 905379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Emmanuel Aluyor''' ya kasance[[farfesa]] ne na injiniyan sinadarai a Kasar Najeriya kuma mataimakin shugaban Jami'ar Jihar Edo, Uzairue tun daga shekarar 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Obayagbona |first=Osa |title=We've proved that international-standard education is achievable in Nigeria |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2024/02/weve-proved-that-international-standard-education-is-achievable-in-nigeria-edsu-vc/ |website=The Nigerian Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedipe |first=Adeyinka |date=2023-06-07 |title=Edo varsity begins three-day free medical treatment |url=https://punchng.com/edo-varsity-begins-three-day-free-medical-treatment/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Onoiribholo |first=Francis |date=2024-02-13 |title=Make Good Use Of Resources, Materials, Edo Varsity VC Advises Fresh Students At Orientation |url=https://independent.ng/make-good-use-of-resources-materials-edo-varsity-vc-advises-fresh-students-at-orientation/ |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Oti |first=Samson |date=19 February 2021 |title=Aluyor receives awards of excellence |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/aluyor-receives-awards-of-excellence/ |website=The Nation Newspapers}}</ref> == Ilimi == Aluyor ya fara tafiyarsa a fanni ilimi a makarantar firamare ta Kirikasama, Maiduguri kuma ya gama a shekarar 1980. Ya kammala karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Our Lady of Fatima, Auchi a shekarar 1985 sannan ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin injiniyanci sinadarai daga [[Jami'ar Benin]] a shekarar 1990. Bayan haka ya sami digirinsa na biyu na Masters a shekarar 1993 da PhD a shekarar 2008 daga wannan jami'a ([[Jami'ar Benin|UNIBEN]]) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vanguard |first=Vanguard |date=3 October 2018 |title=Lesson In Excellence: Prof Emmanuel Aluyor |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/lesson-in-excellence-prof-emmanuel-aluyor/ |website=Vanguard Newspapers}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa a fannin ilimi a matsayin Malami na II a [[Jami'ar Benin]] a shekarar 1994. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vanguard |first=Vanguard |date=3 October 2018 |title=Lesson In Excellence: Prof Emmanuel Aluyor |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/lesson-in-excellence-prof-emmanuel-aluyor/ |website=Vanguard Newspapers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVanguard2018">Vanguard, Vanguard (3 October 2018). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/lesson-in-excellence-prof-emmanuel-aluyor/ "Lesson In Excellence: Prof Emmanuel Aluyor"]. ''Vanguard Newspapers''.</cite></ref> == Kyaututtuka == A cikin shekarar 2020, Tarayyar Kungiyoyin Injiniyan Afirka (FAEO) ta girmama shi a Babban Taron da Bikin Kyautar Gudanarwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Oti |first=Samson |date=19 February 2021 |title=Aluyor receives awards of excellence |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/aluyor-receives-awards-of-excellence/ |website=The Nation Newspapers}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFOti2021">Oti, Samson (19 February 2021). [https://thenationonlineng.net/aluyor-receives-awards-of-excellence/ "Aluyor receives awards of excellence"]. ''The Nation Newspapers''.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qxkw7la6l4nzd2x30xindeadjmugavr 0 117844 905342 722031 2026-08-21T00:10:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Arthur Clarke''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999) ɗan asalin kafofin sada zumunta ne na Ingilishi, mai ba da sabis na [[YouTube]] kuma mai karɓar bakuncin kwasfan fayiloli. Bayan ƙaddamar da asusun [[TikTok]] da YouTube, wanda ya ƙunshi galibin nishaɗi, caca, vlog da bidiyon amsawa, ya fara shirya shirye-shiryen The Useless Hotline Podcast a cikin 2022. A cikin 2025, ya shiga cikin takara a jerin ashirin da uku na Strictly Come Dancing . == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi George Arthur Clarke a ranar uku ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1999 a [[Bristol]], Ingila. <ref name="encephalitis">{{Cite web |title=George Clarke |url=https://www.encephalitis.info/team/george-clarke/ |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=Encephalitis}}</ref> Mahaifinsa, Sean Clarke, shine manajan darakta na Aardman Animations . Yana da ƙanwarsa mai suna Emily. <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |title=George Clarke is the sixth celebrity contestant announced for Strictly Come Dancing 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2025/strictly-come-dancing-george-clarke |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[BBC Media Centre]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya karanta Kimiyar Wasanni da motsa jiki a Jami'ar Exeter . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2023 |title=Secrets Of George Clarke's POSH Childhood |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w92SVtDnuhw |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Clarke ya ƙaddamar da asusun [[TikTok]] a cikin Disamba 2019, kuma ya fara bugawa akan [[YouTube]] daga baya. Tun daga lokacin ya tara mabiya sama da miliyan 3 a duk dandamali biyu, da kuma [[Instagram]] da Twitch . <ref name="bbc" /> Abubuwan da ke cikinsa sun ƙunshi galibi na nishaɗi, wasa, vlog da bidiyoyin martani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2025 |title=Watch as YouTube and TikTok sensations Chris MD, George Clarkey, ItalianBach and Arthur Hill hit Doncaster for a drinking game |url=https://www.doncasterfreepress.co.uk/lifestyle/food-and-drink/watch-as-youtube-and-tiktok-sensations-chris-md-george-clarkey-italianbach-and-arthur-hill-hit-doncaster-for-a-drinking-game-5004200 |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=Doncaster Free Press |language=en}}</ref> Ya kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyoyi da yawa tare da Sidemen . <ref>{{Cite web |last=DAILY |first=GRM |date=9 December 2024 |title=Sidemen send ChrisMD & George Clarkey on hilarious dates |url=https://grmdaily.com/sidemen-pop-balloon/ |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=GRM Daily |archive-date=16 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250316210120/https://grmdaily.com/sidemen-pop-balloon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin Nuwamba 2022, Clarke ya fara ɗaukar nauyin faifan bidiyo ''mara amfani'' tare da Max Balegde, wanda jigonsa yana ganin masu sauraro suna aika tambayoyinsu da matsalolinsu, tare da Clarke da Balegde suna ba da shawararsu. <ref name="useless hotline">{{Cite web |title=The Useless Hotline |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/the-useless-hotline/id1656588234 |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[Apple Podcasts]]}}</ref> Clarke kuma jakada ne na kungiyar da ba ta riba ba Encephalitis International, tare da mahaifiyarsa tana fama da wannan yanayin . <ref name="encephalitis" /> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Clarke ya bayyana a jerin na biyu na jerin wasannin gaskiya na [[Netflix]] na Sidemen Inside, inda ya gama a matsayi na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malia |first=Emily |date=11 May 2025 |title=Bristol TikToker with over 2m followers is now star of Netflix show |url=https://www.bristolpost.co.uk/news/celebs-tv/bristol-tiktoker-over-2m-followers-10159826 |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[Bristol Live]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2025, an sanar da Clarke a matsayin mai takara a [[Strictly Come Dancing series 23|jerin ashirin da uku]] na Strictly Come Dancing.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2025 |title=George Clarke: YouTuber and podcaster added to Strictly line-up |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cly3318nrmpo |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Tina |date=12 August 2025 |title=Strictly Come Dancing confirms sixth celebrity for new series |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/strictly-come-dancing-2025-confirms-sixth-celebrity-youtuber-george-clarke-b1242640.html |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ya shiga wasan kwaikwayon, Clarke ya ce: "Ba na taɓa tunanin zan faɗi wannan... amma ina yin hakan da tsauri! Gaskiya, ban san abin da nake yi ba amma ina farin cikin makale ''[[Inside (TV series)|A ciki]]''... kuma mai yiwuwa in faɗi a kan wani abu mai kyau. " Clarke ya haɗu da ƙwararren mai rawa da kuma mai tsara wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka [[Alexis Warr]] . <ref name="bbc2">{{Cite web |title=George Clarke is the sixth celebrity contestant announced for Strictly Come Dancing 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/2025/strictly-come-dancing-george-clarke |access-date=12 August 2025 |website=[[BBC Media Centre]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Elizabeth |date=August 15, 2025 |title=BBC ''Strictly Come Dancing'' 2025 line-up in full as 15 celebrities confirmed |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/bbc-strictly-come-dancing-2025-32280817 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250815102100/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/tv/bbc-strictly-come-dancing-2025-32280817 |archive-date=August 15, 2025 |access-date=October 3, 2025 |website=[[Manchester Evening News]]}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * Hotline mara amfani (2022-yanzu) <ref name="useless hotline"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] n3j2zduftn1b6wpljoie08f46d057uh 0 118231 905500 724287 2026-08-21T08:33:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harrison Gwamnishu''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1989) ɗan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ne na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=29-year-old man raped my daughter under my roof - Activist Gwamnishu |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/07/20/29-year-old-man-raped-my-daughter-under-my-roof-activist-gwamnishu/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> ɗan kasuwa ne na zamantakewar al'umma, kuma [[Philanthropy|mai ba da agaji]]. Gwamnishu an san shi da wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan adalci na zamantakewa, ɗaurin kurkuku mara kyau, sauye-sauyen shari'a, da jin daɗin fursunoni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2021 |title=Harrison Gwamnishu: Nwamadị a na 'Egbigwe' emeela udo n'etiti ha |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-58120427 |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=BBC News Ìgbò |language=ig}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aro |first=Busola |date=23 March 2022 |title=Glory Okolie, suspected IPOB informant, regains freedom after 9 months in custody |url=https://www.thecable.ng/glory-okolie-suspected-ipob-informant-regains-freedom-after-9-months-in-custody/ |website=thecable}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Harrison Gwamnishu ne a Ubulu Ukwu, Aniocha Kudancin Karamar Hukumar [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]] Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Harrison Gwamnishu: The Activist Who Spent Four Years in Prison for a Crime He Didn't Commit |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1362622/meet-harrison-gwamnishu-the-activist-who-spent.html |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka da Gudanarwa == Gwamnishu ya zama sananne saboda aikinsa na bayar da shawarwari a madadin fursunoni, musamman wadanda aka tsare su ba bisa ka'ida ba. Ta hanyar kungiyarsa ta Behind Bar Human Rights Foundation, <ref>{{Cite web |last=David |date=8 September 2021 |title=#EndSARS: NGO launches rights abuses complaint forum on Delta radio |url=https://thesun.ng/endsars-ngo-launches-rights-abuses-complaint-forum-on-delta-radio/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Ola |date=16 November 2018 |title=Woman reportedly hires thugs to beat 'gateman' foor demanding his unpaid salary in Delta State |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/2018/11/16/woman-reportedly-hires-thugs-to-beat-gateman-foor-demanding-his-unpaid-salary-in-delta-state/ |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=WITHIN NIGERIA |language=en-US}}</ref> ya yi aiki don nuna mummunan yanayin da fursunoni ke fuskanta a cikin kurkuku na Najeriya da kuma samar da taimako wajen tabbatar da adalci ga mutanen da aka ɗaure su ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojoye |first=Taiwo |date=3 March 2018 |title=Nigerian prison cells where inmates live like kings, use co-prisoners as servants |url=https://punchng.com/nigerian-prison-cells-where-inmates-live-like-kings-use-co-prisoners-as-servants/#google_vignette |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=10 November 2024 |title=IGP orders detention of police officers, as Harrison Gwamnishu exposes their extortion activities |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/igp-orders-detention-of-policemen-as-harrison-gwamnishu-exposes-their-extortion-activities/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=National Daily Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukansa sun kai ga wayar da kan jama'a game da take hakkin dan adam, da kuma ba da shawara ga sake fasalin tsarin a cikin tsarin shari'a da kurkuku na Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Human Rights Activist rescued 15-year-old girl from forced marriage to 56-year-old man in Anambra {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/metro/retrivechinwe-human-rights-activist-rescues-15-year-old-girl-from-forced-marriage-in-2024081008555591884 |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en |archive-date=7 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207013113/https://www.pulse.ng/articles/news/metro/retrivechinwe-human-rights-activist-rescues-15-year-old-girl-from-forced-marriage-in-2024081008555591884 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2021 |title=Harrison Gwamnishu: Ihe mere m ji enyere ndị a na-ebogide ebubo ụgha aka |url=https://www.bbc.com/igbo/afirika-57015519 |access-date=2 December 2024 |website=BBC News Ìgbò |language=ig}}</ref> Daga cikin muhimman gudummawarsa shine sa hannu a cikin shari'ar Ada Yesu, da kuma manyan shari'o'in mutanen da suka ɓace na Celine Ndudim da Afiba Tandoh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2024 |title='My life is in danger' - Activist who broke news on missing Ghanaian lady in Nigeria |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/My-life-is-in-danger-Activist-who-broke-news-on-missing-Ghanaian-lady-in-Nigeria-1935812 |website=ghanaweb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=Missing Ghanaian lady's case in Nigeria stalled as prime suspect is killed during escape - Adomonline.com |url=https://www.adomonline.com/missing-ghanaian-ladys-case-in-nigeria-stalled-as-prime-suspect-is-killed-during-escape/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=David |first=Samuel |date=6 June 2024 |title='After Andrew Ochekwo was killed, over N80m was moved from his account' - Activist Harrison Gwamnishu |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/gist/2024/06/06/after-andrew-ochekwo-was-killed-over-n80m-was-moved-from-his-account-activist-harrison-gwamnishu/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=GIST — WITHIN NIGERIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Harrison Gwamnishu ya shiga siyasa a matsayin dan takara na [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]] a lokacin zaben Majalisar Dokokin [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]] na 2023, yana wakiltar mazabar [[Aniocha ta Kudu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fadoju |first=Rachel Okporu |date=16 March 2023 |title=Thugs Attack Labour Party Candidate, Harrison During Campaign In Delta State |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2023/03/16/thugs-attack-labour-party-candidate-harrison-during-campaign-in-delta-state/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=Naija News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yusuf |first=Ridwan |date=26 January 2022 |title=JUST IN: Popular activist joins politics, declares intention to run for House for Reps |url=https://politicsnigeria.com/just-in-popular-activist-joins-politics-declares-intention-to-run-for-house-for-reps/ |access-date=5 December 2024 |website=Politics Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Kodayake ya rasa wannan zaben, sa hannun sa ya nuna farkon shiga mukamin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2023 |title=2023 election: 'I'm in serious debt, no longer mentally stable,' LP candidate cries out - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/2023-election-im-in-serious-debt-no-longer-mentally-stable-lp-candidate-cries-out/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=dailytrust |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sahabi |first=Ahmad |date=16 March 2023 |title='Thugs' attack convoy of LP candidate for Delta assembly |url=https://www.thecable.ng/thugs-attack-delta-lp-assembly-candidates-convoy/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=paulcraft |date=1 October 2023 |title=2023 Election: 'I'm In Serious Debt, No Longer Mentally Stable,' LP Candidate Cries Out |url=https://www.withinnigeria.com/news/2023/10/01/2023-election-im-in-serious-debt-no-longer-mentally-stable-lp-candidate-cries-out/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=NEWS PICKS — WITHIN NIGERIA |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bayan haka, ya fice, ya sanar da murabus dinsa daga Jam'iyyar Labour, yana mai da hankali kan zargin cewa ya ci amanar jam'iyyar a lokacin yakin. Ya nuna nadama a cikin wata sanarwa ta kafofin sada zumunta amma ya lura cewa kasancewa tare da jam'iyyar na iya cutar da sunansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fadoju |first=Rachel Okporu |date=24 July 2024 |title=State Assembly Aspirant, Harrison Gwamnishu Dumps Labour Party |url=https://www.naijanews.com/2024/07/24/state-assembly-aspirant-harrison-gwamnishu-dumps-labour-party/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=Naija News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya sake tabbatar da jajircewarsa ga "Movement Obidient," wanda Peter Obi ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi. Gwamnishu ya gode wa jagorancin jam'iyyar saboda goyon bayansu kuma ya yi alkawarin ba da hadin kai ga bincike don share sunansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dada |first=Adekunle |date=24 July 2024 |title=Former Delta assembly candidate, Gwamnishu quits Labour Party |url=https://www.legit.ng/politics/1603967-former-delta-assembly-candidate-quits-labour-party-reason/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] 205l76fkwvy3t353pa8f7ulg5jgpba2 0 120455 905228 734627 2026-08-20T19:21:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905228 wikitext text/x-wiki Fasahar [[Ecofeminism|Ecofeminist]] ta fito ne a cikin 1970s don mayar da martani ga falsafar ecofeminist, wanda marubuta kamar Carolyn Merchant, [[Val Plumwood]], [[Donna Haraway]], Starhawk, Greta Gaard, Karen J. Warren, da Rebecca Solnit suka bayyana. Wadannan marubutan sun jaddada muhimmancin dangantakar mulkin al'adu da ka'idoji (Merchant, Plumwood, [[Donna Haraway]]) da aka bayyana a matsayin jima'i (Haraway), ruhaniya (Starhawk), jinsin (Warren, Gaard), dabi'un jari-hujja waɗanda ke ba da fifiko ga [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|Cin ganyayyaki]] a cikin waɗannan mahallin (Gaard). Babban batutuwan da Ecofeminism ke da niyyar magance su suna kewaye da tasirin "al'adun jari-hujja na Eurocentric wanda aka gina akan mamayar yanayi, da kuma mamayar mace 'a matsayin yanayi'. Marubucin Luke Martell a cikin mujallar [[Ecology]] and Society ya rubuta cewa 'mata' da 'al'adun' yanci' duka wadanda ke fama da cin zarafin shugabanci da "samfurori na al'adun Haskakawa na iko. " <ref name="Salleh 1997 12" /> Ecofeminism yana jayayya cewa dole ne mu zama wani ɓangare na yanayi, mu zauna tare da shi kuma a cikinsa. Dole ne mu gane cewa yanayi yana da rai kuma yana numfashi kuma mu yi aiki a kan rashin aiki da ke kewaye da shi wanda ke da alaƙa da matsayin da al'adun shugabanci, siyasa, da jari-hujja ke tilasta mata. Fasahar Ecofeminist wani nau'i ne na fasaha wanda ke nuna haɗuwa da jinsi, muhalli, da adalci na zamantakewa. Yana kama ra'ayoyi da ra'ayoyin daga asalin kalmar "ecofeminism, wanda aka halayen da kuma zalunci na mata. Ana iya gabatar da wannan salon fasaha a cikin matsakaici daban-daban, gami da zane-zane, asali na asali, da nune-nunen zane-zane. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi, zane-zane na ecofeminist shine zane-zane da muhalli wanda mace ta kirkira wanda ke darajar daidaiton jinsi da wakilci mai karfi na yanayi. An tattauna muhimmancin Ecofeminism a cikin shirye-shiryen fasaha na mata a kwaleji da matakin jami'a, gami da Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli a Kwalejin Goddard, Vermont. A Amurka, tun a shekarar 1962, jerin manyan shari'o'i da aka yi wa duniyar kamfanoni sun fito ne daga gidajen abinci na uwaye da kakanninmu.[1] A shekara ta 1964, matan Brazil sun kafa Acào Democràtica Feminina Gaucha, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari don Aikin noma mai ɗorewa.[1] Mata a duk faɗin duniya suna haɗuwa don karya "ci gaba da cin zarafin jari-hujja na Eurocentric na albarkatun kasa, mata, da na 'yan asalin ƙasar".[1] [[Fayil:Earth_Ambulance_1982-1992.tiff|right|thumb|278x278px|''Ambulance na Duniya'' na Helene Aylon (1982 - 1992) ]] == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Ayyukan marubutan ecofeminist sun taimaka wajen karfafawa da yawa daga cikin masu aiki na maza da mata a cikin motsi na fasahar muhalli don kwaikwayon damuwarsu game da alaƙar da ta fi dacewa da ayyukan muhalli a cikin ayyukansu. Marubuciyar zane-zane ta mata Lucy Lippard, wacce ke rubutawa don Weather Report Show da ta tsara, wanda ya haɗa da masu zane-zane da yawa da wasu masu zane-zanen muhalli daga jerin da ke ƙasa (2007 Boulder Museum of Contemporary Art), ta yi sharhi game da yawan waɗannan masu zane-canjen mata ne. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matan da aka ambata ita ce Agnes Denes, mai zane-zane na ecofeminist wanda aka fi sani da ita, "Wheatfield - A Confrontation: Battery Park Landfill, Downtown Manhattan" daga 1982. Wannan yanki tarin hotuna ne da aka ɗauka a ciki da kewayen gonar alkama mai girman hekta 2 da aka dasa, aka kiyaye, kuma daga baya mai zane kanta ta girbe shi a karo na karshe a ƙananan Manhattan, New York, kawai tubalan biyu daga Wall Street. Denes ya dasa gonar alkama a tsakiyar wani sharar gida wanda nan ba da daɗewa ba zai zama Battery Park City, wanda aka kafa a gefen Kogin Hudson. Manufarta a cikin wannan aikin ita ce ta jawo hankali ga batutuwan da suka shafi muhalli, kamar share ƙasa don ƙarin gidaje, wanda ke haifar da batutuwan rikitarwa na rashin tsaro na abinci da yunwa a duniya. Birnin Manhattan ya fara gini a yankin bayan girbi na karshe na masu zane-zane a watan Agustan 1982, gina gine-ginen gidaje masu tsawo a saman wurin zubar da shara don samar da gidaje ga yawan mazauna da ke zaune a Birnin New York. A lokacin da ake kirkirar wannan aikin, gonakin alkama da masana'antar noma gabaɗaya al'umma ta ga su a matsayin alama ce ta nasarar tattalin arziki, wakiltar wadataccen abinci da gabatar da cinikayya da kasuwanci na duniya. Agnes Denes ta kirkiro wannan yanki don nuna cewa ko da tsarin birane mafi nasara ba zai iya kasancewa ba ko kuma a kiyaye shi ba tare da aikin gona na gargajiya ba, yana jaddada muhimmancin jawo hankali ga 'mafifikon da ba daidai ba' a cikin al'umma. Marubutan da suka rubuta game da masu zane-zane na ecofeminist sun hada da Gloria Feman Orenstein . <ref name="Orenstein">{{Cite journal |last=Orenstein |first=Gloria Feman |date=Spring 2003 |title=The Greening of Gaia: Ecofeminist Artists Revisit the Garden |journal=Ethics & the Environment |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=103–111 |doi=10.1353/een.2003.0009 |s2cid=143338024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wildy |first=Jade |date=17 July 2011 |title=Progressions in Ecofeminist Art: The Changing Focus of Women in Environmental Art |url=http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html |url-status=dead |journal=Cultura21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227144603/http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html |archive-date=27 February 2014 |access-date=3 February 2014}}</ref> The Women's Environmental Art Directory (WEAD) wani tarin mata ne waɗanda ke ''Ruwa'' kansu a matsayin masu zane-zane na muhalli. Jo Hanson da [[Susan Leibovitz Steinman]] sun fara shi a cikin shekarun 1990s don ba da kyauta ga mata masu zane-zane waɗanda duniya ta fasaha ba za ta iya ganewa ba. Baya ga masu zane-zane, tunanin ecofeminist ya rinjayi wasu masu kula, kamar [[Amy Lipton]], mai kula da ecoartspace <ref>{{Cite web |title=ecoartspace - LiptonArts |url=http://www.liptonarts.com/ecoart |access-date=2025-11-14 |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021141334/http://www.liptonarts.com/ecoart/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> tare da Tricia Watts. == Jerin fitattun masu zane-zane na ecofeminist == {{Columns-list|*[[Helene Aylon]] *[[Betty Beaumont]] *[[Jackie Brookner]] *[[Betsy Damon]] *[[Agnes Denes]] *[[Mary Beth Edelson]] *[[Harriet Feigenbaum]] *[[Donna Henes]] *[[Patricia Johanson]] *[[Jo Hanson]] *[[Cecilia Vicuña]] *[[Natalie Jeremijenko]] *[[Eve Andree Laramee]] *[[Stacy Levy]] *[[Lenore Malen]] *[[Mary Mattingly]] *[[Ana Mendieta]] *[[Eve Mosher]] *[[Beverly Naidus]] *[[Aviva Rahmani]] *[[Rachel Rosenthal]] *[[Mierle Laderman Ukeles]] *[[Faith Wilding]] *[[Linda Weintraub]] *[[Shai Zakai]] *[[Lily Reeves]]|colwidth=31em}} == Dubi kuma == * Bayyanawa * Fasahar muhalli == Manazarta == [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 9] ECOFEMINISM. A cikin Aboki zuwa Tunanin Muhalli (shafi na 72-93). Jami'ar Edinburgh Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcr9jk.6 {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * [http://magazin.cultura21.de/piazza/english/between-art-and-science.html ''Ci gaba a cikin Fasahar Ecofeminist: Canjin Mahimmanci na Mata a cikin Fasaha ta Muhalli''] An adana shi 2014-02-27 a . Jade Wildy rph3e5v6wbtfukrznbbkz0jeyipdzo3 0 121136 905367 738659 2026-08-21T03:52:30Z BnHamid 12586 +Databox 905367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Guguwar [[gishiri]]''' girgije ne mai laushi na gishiri wanda ke tashi a kan manyan wurare, sakamakon iska da ke mamaye filayen gishiri. Guguwar gishiri yawanci tana faruwa a wuraren da ke da manyan wuraren gishiri, kamar waɗanda ke kewaye da Babban Tafkin Gishiri a [[Utah]] da Tekun Aral. Guguwar gishiri ma abu ne mai yawa a yankin Salar de Uyuni a [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]]. == Tasirin == Guguwar gishiri kusa da Tekun Aral tana haifar da mummunar haɗari ga lafiyar yankunan da ke kewaye. Gudun daga gonakin da ke kusa ya haifar da gurɓatawar Tekun Aral tare da guba kamar magungunan kashe kwari da taki. Yayin da teku ke narkewa, gurɓataccen mai guba a cikin ruwa yana narkewa tare da sauran ma'adanai don samar da gishiri. Lokacin da guba da ma'adanai daga filayen gishiri suka hura zuwa cikin iska ta waɗannan guguwa kuma suka sha, guba da hakora na iya haifar da ciwon daji na makogwaro da huhu, Mutuwar jarirai, raguwar tsammanin rayuwa da lahani na haihuwa.[1] Guguwar gishiri na iya toshe ganuwa kuma ya haifar da lalacewar sinadarai ga tsarin da ke kewaye. == Dubi kuma == * Tekun Aral * Gishiri mai laushi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4blsu9jcpzupcsxymlegev5aojb9lw2 0 121783 905099 884151 2026-08-20T16:08:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elliot Robert Lee''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1994) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya na ƙungiyar Wrexham ta EFL . Lee ya aro aikinsa a ƙungiyar [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], inda aka ba da rancensa ga Colchester United, Southend United, Blackpool da Luton Town, kafin ya shiga Barnsley a 2016 don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba. Lee ya bar Barnsley bayan shekara guda don sanya hannu a Luton kuma bayan shekaru biyar tare da kulob din, ya sanya hannu a kulob din na yanzu, Wrexham . Shi ne ɗan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Rob Lee kuma ƙaramin ɗan'uwan tsohon ɗan wasan ƙafa Olly Lee. == Ayyuka == === West Ham United === [[Fayil:Elliot_Lee_2014.jpg|left|thumb|394x394px|Lee yana dumi ga [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] a shekarar 2014.]] An haife shi a Durham, Lee ya kasance dan wasan matasa ne tare da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], inda ya fara bugawa tawagar ajiya a shekarar 2011 kafin ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sana'arsa ta farko a watan Agustan 2012 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=West Ham reserves coach Lomas happy with Elliott Lee debut |url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/west-ham-reserves-coach-lomas-happy-elliott-lee-debut-1538431 |access-date=16 January 2013 |publisher=www.tribalfootball.co.uk |archive-date=5 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405093425/http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/west-ham-reserves-coach-lomas-happy-elliott-lee-debut-1538431 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=McCartney completes Hammers switch |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20120701/mccartney-completes-hammers-switch_2236884_2825510 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704091026/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20120701/mccartney-completes-hammers-switch_2236884_2825510 |archive-date=4 July 2012 |access-date=16 January 2013 |publisher=www.whufc.com}}</ref> Farkon bayyanarsa a cikin tawagar farko ya kasance a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2013 lokacin da ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan Premier League da Norwich City. Lee daga nan ya fara bugawa West Ham wasa na farko, a matsayin mai maye gurbin Ricardo Vaz Tê na minti na 78, a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2013 a cikin shan kashi 1-0 a gasar cin Kofin FA ta uku a Old Trafford da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2013, Lee ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko a kungiyar West Ham a kan Aston Villa Under-21s. A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta ya fara buga wasan Premier na West Ham, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Mohammed Diamé a minti na 88 a wasan da Stoke City ta yi a gida 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2013 |title=West Ham United 0–1 Stoke City FT |url=http://www.whufc.com/articles/20130831/west-ham-united-0-1-stoke-city-ft_2236884_3443388 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031225055/http://www.whufc.com/articles/20130831/west-ham-united-0-1-stoke-city-ft_2236884_3443388 |archive-date=31 October 2014 |access-date=31 October 2014 |publisher=www.whufc.com}}</ref> Makonni uku bayan haka, Lee ya zira kwallaye a kan Newcastle Reserves a cikin nasara 5-4.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Starforth |first=Miles |date=2 September 2013 |title=Rob Lee's son nets hat-trick for West Ham against Newcastle |url=http://www.shieldsgazette.com/sport/football/newcastle-united/rob-lee-s-son-nets-hat-trick-for-west-ham-against-newcastle-1-6005911 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217025134/http://www.shieldsgazette.com/sport/football/newcastle-united/rob-lee-s-son-nets-hat-trick-for-west-ham-against-newcastle-1-6005911 |archive-date=17 December 2014 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=The Shields Gazette}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da zira kwallaye 11 a wannan kakar don tawagar ci gaba. ==== Rance ga Colchester United ==== A ranar 22 ga Oktoba 2013 ya sanya hannu a kan Colchester United a kan rance matasa na wata daya. An zira kwallaye guda daya da ya ci a Colchester a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba a wasan da ya yi da Rotherham United: a lokacin dakatarwa a rabi na biyu, tare da Rotherhan ta ci 2-1, Lee ya zira kwallayen da ya buga mashaya kuma ya sake bugawa a kan layin don yin wasan karshe 2-2. Ya koma West Ham a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba bayan wasanni hudu da kwallo daya ga Colchester United . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Lee Returns to the Hammers |url=http://www.cu-fc.com/news/article/211113-elliot-lee-returns-to-hammers-1187353.aspx |access-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=www.cu-fc.com |archive-date=5 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305070355/http://www.cu-fc.com/news/article/211113-elliot-lee-returns-to-hammers-1187353.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Kudin zuwa Southend United ==== A ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2014 Lee ya koma Southend United kan rancen watanni uku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2014 |title=Southend United bring in Jakub Sokolik and Elliot Lee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29848801 |access-date=31 October 2014 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A cikin sa'o'i na sanya hannu ga Southend, Lee ya sami rauni a hamstring kuma ya koma West Ham don magani. A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba an cire Lee daga wasa na akalla watanni biyu. An soke rancensa a ranar 6 ga Nuwamba kuma ya koma West Ham United, kulob din iyayensa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 November 2014 |title=West Ham's Elliot Lee injured 95 minutes into Southend United loan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/29938407 |access-date=6 November 2014 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> ==== Kudin Luton Town ==== A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2015, Lee ya koma Luton Town kan aro na wata daya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2015 |title=West Ham striker Elliot Lee joins Luton Town on loan |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31541185 |access-date=22 February 2015 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lee ya zaɓi ya sa rigar lamba 38 don tunawa da tsohon abokin aikinsa a West Ham, Dylan Tombides wanda shi ma ya sa lambar 38.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luton Town: Elliot Lee 'delighted' to make poignant tribute to West Ham United friend Dylan Tombides |url=http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/Luton-Town-Elliot-Lee-delighted-make-poignant/story-26228955-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402130823/http://www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk/Luton-Town-Elliot-Lee-delighted-make-poignant/story-26228955-detail/story.html |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=25 March 2015 |website=www.bedfordshire-news.co.uk}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a karon farko a Luton kwana biyu bayan haka, minti hudu bayan ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Andy Drury a cikin nasarar 3-2 ga AFC Wimbledon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 February 2015 |title=AFC Wimbledon 3–2 Luton Town |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/31466398 |access-date=22 February 2015 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2015, Lee ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a wasan da Wycombe Wanderers suka yi a gida 2-3. A lokacin da ya zira kwallaye ya bayyana T-shirt wanda ke nuna hoton Tombides, wanda ya keɓe burinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2015 |title=Hammers striker dedicates Luton Towngoal to Dylan Tombides |url=http://www.guardian-series.co.uk/sport/11878590.Hammers_striker_dedicates_Luton_Town_goal_to_Dylan_Tombides/ |access-date=25 March 2015 |publisher=www.guardian-series.co.uk}}</ref> Kashegari an tsawaita kwangilar rancensa tare da Luton har zuwa karshen kakar 2014-15. Manajan Luton John Still ya ce game da Lee "Elliot ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare mu kuma muna farin cikin samun shi a sauran wannan kakar".<ref name="all201415" /> ==== Komawa zuwa West Ham ==== Lee ya sake zira kwallaye ga tawagar ci gaba lokacin da suka fuskanci kungiyar Firimiya ta Woking a wasan sada zumunci kafin kakar wasa a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elliot Lee nets West Ham hat-trick |url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/elliot-lee-nets-west-ham-hat-trick-4034523#.U_0BZMVdVvE |publisher=Tribal Football |access-date=2025-12-03 |archive-date=2018-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405091917/http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/elliot-lee-nets-west-ham-hat-trick-4034523#.U_0BZMVdVvE |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lee ya kasance mai maye gurbin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a gasar cin Kofin League da Sheffield United ta yi a zagaye na biyu a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 2014. An ba shi lambar 36 ga tawagar farko a wannan rana. A farkonsa na West Ham, a ranar 9 ga Yulin 2015, Lee ya zira kwallaye na farko ga kulob din. A wasan farko na Europa League da ya yi da FC Lusitanos na Andorra, ya zira kwallaye guda daya daga giciye daga Matt Jarvis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hammers ease into round two |url=http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2015/July/9-July/Hammers-ease-into-round-two |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710155751/http://www.whufc.com/News/Articles/2015/July/9-July/Hammers-ease-into-round-two |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=10 July 2015 |publisher=www.whufc.com}}</ref> ==== Kudin zuwa Blackpool ==== A ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2015, an ba da rancen Lee ga kungiyar Blackpool ta League One har zuwa 3 ga Janairun 2016. Ya fara bugawa kwanaki biyu bayan haka, a matsayin mai maye gurbin Bright Osayi-Samuel a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan abokan hamayyar Fleetwood Town a Bloomfield Road. A watan Janairun 2016, bayan ya samu rauni, Lee ya ki tayin tsawaita rancensa kuma ya koma West Ham. Rashin amincewarsa ya fusata kocin Blackpool, Neil McDonald, wanda aka nakalto yana cewa Lee "zai fi so ya kasance a gida tare da mahaifiyarsa da mahaifinsa" fiye da buga wa Blackpool wasa. ==== Lambar ta biyu ga Colchester United ==== A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2016, Lee ya sanya hannu kan aro ga Colchester United har zuwa karshen kakar 2015-16. Ya zira kwallaye na farko a karo na biyu a ranar 12 ga watan Maris a wasan 3-3 tare da Wigan Athletic.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2016 |title=Colchester United 3–3 Wigan Athletic |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35733033 |access-date=12 March 2016 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya sake zira kwallaye sau ɗaya, inda ya buga wasanni 15 gabaɗaya. === Barnsley === A ranar 24 ga watan Yunin 2016, Lee ya sanya hannu a kulob din Barnsley na gasar zakarun Turai don kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2016 |title=Elliott Lee: Barnsley sign striker from West Ham for undisclosed fee |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/36625078 |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ya buga wasanni shida a lokacin kakar 2016-17, duk a matsayin mai maye gurbin, amma ya bar kulob din da yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Yulin 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=Elliot Lee Departs Oakwell |url=https://www.barnsleyfc.co.uk/news/2017/july/elliot-lee-departs/ |access-date=5 July 2017 |publisher=Barnsley F.C.}}</ref> === Birnin Luton === Bayan da aka sake shi daga Barnsley a ranar 4 ga Yulin 2017, Lee ya sanya hannu kan tsohon kulob dinsa na Luton Town kan kwangilar shekaru biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 July 2017 |title=Luton Bring in Striker Lee from Barnsley |url=http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/luton-bring-in-striker-lee-from-barnsley-1-8039721 |access-date=4 July 2017 |publisher=lutontoday.co.uk |archive-date=1 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801044025/http://www.lutontoday.co.uk/sport/football/luton-town/luton-bring-in-striker-lee-from-barnsley-1-8039721 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 8-2 a kan Yeovil Town a ranar bude kakar 2017-18 a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 2017. An tsawaita kwantiraginsa da ƙarin shekara a ƙarshen kakar 2017-18 bayan an gabatar da sashi na gabatarwa sakamakon ci gaba Luton zuwa League One . A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2022, an sanar da cewa Lee zai bar kulob din bayan karshen kakar 2021-22. ==== Kudin zuwa Oxford United ==== Ya shiga Oxford United a kan aro har zuwa karshen kakar a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2021. Ya zira kwallaye shida a wasanni goma sha takwas, duk a League One. ==== Rance ga Charlton Athletic ==== A ranar 26 ga watan Agustan 2021, Lee ya shiga Charlton Athletic a kan rancen kakar wasa ta 2021-22. Ya zira kwallaye na farko ga Charlton a wasan EFL Trophy da Crawley Town a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2021. === Wrexham === On 8 July 2022, Lee signed a three-year deal with Wrexham. On 6 August 2022, Lee scored twice on his debut to help Wrexham come from behind to beat Eastleigh 2–1 He was named in the National League Team of the Year at the end of the 2022–23 season as Wrexham won the division.<ref name="22/23 NL Annual Awards2">{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Tom |date=11 May 2023 |title=Vanarama National League Big Winners Announced |url=https://www.thenationalleague.org.uk/vanarama-national-league-big-winners-announced-76017 |access-date=11 May 2023 |website=The National League}}</ref> On 1 January 2024, Lee signed a contract extension with Wrexham, signing until the end of the 2026–27 season. Wrexham earned promotion as runners-up at the end of the 2023–24 season. Lee was nominated for the PFA League Two Player of the Year.<ref name="PFA23242" /> He was also included in the PFA and EFL League Two Team of the Year.<ref name="PFA23242" /> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Shi ne ɗan tsohon dan wasan tsakiya na Charlton Athletic, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] da Ingila Rob Lee . Babban ɗan'uwansa, Olly, shi ma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Ya halarci Makarantar Brentwood a Essex. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6zd933z7r6vgtcfiw92o33wxdy540jb 0 121878 905345 780673 2026-08-21T00:22:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} George of the Jungle fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 1997 wanda Sam Weisman ya jagoranta. Ya samo asali ne daga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Amurka na shekarar 1967 na wannan sunan wanda Jay Ward da Bill Scott suka kirkira, wanda ya yi la'akari da halin Tarzan na Edgar Rice Burroughs. Dana Olsen da Audrey Wells ne suka rubuta rubutun. Tauraron fim din Brendan Fraser a matsayin mai taken, tare da Leslie Mann, Thomas Haden Church, Holland Taylor, Richard Roundtree, da John Cleese. Makircin ya biyo bayan wani mutum wanda dabbobi suka haife shi a cikin daji kuma daga baya ya ƙaunaci wata mai arziki, wanda ya haifar da rikici tare da saurayinta mai son kai. Hotunan Walt Disney ne suka samar da fim din, an fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo a Amurka da Kanada a ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1997. An fara shi ne a Tashar Disney a Amurka a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1998. Fim din ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga masu sukar amma ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci wanda ya kai dala miliyan 174 a duk duniya. An sake fitowa kai tsaye zuwa bidiyo, George of the Jungle 2, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 2003. == Makirci == A kan jirgin zuwa Bukuvu, wani jariri mai suna George ya makale bayan hadarin jirgin sama kuma ya girma a cikin daji, ya zama "White Ape". Shekaru ashirin da biyar bayan haka, yayin da suke yawon shakatawa a Burundi tare da jagora na gida Kwame da masu ɗaukar kaya uku, magajin San Francisco Ursula Stanhope ta sadu da saurayinta mai cin hanci da rashawa Lyle van de Groot, wanda ke son kai ta gida kuma ya hayar masu farauta biyu, Max da Thor, don bin ta. Ursula ta ki komawa gida har sai da ta ga birai, don haka Lyle ta shiga cikin daji don neman su. Su biyu sun haɗu da zaki, kuma yayin da Lyle ya buge kansa ba tare da sanin komai ba yayin da yake gudu don neman taimako, George ya ceci Ursula. Bayan ya dauki Ursula zuwa gidansa na itace kuma ya kula da ita, George ya gabatar da ita ga abokansa dabbobi guda uku: Ape, gorilla mai magana mai hikima wanda ya tashe shi; Shep, giwayen daji na Afirka wanda ke aiki kamar kare; da Tookie, toco toucan wanda ya ba shi labarai game da da dabbobin daji. George yana sha'awar Ursula kuma yana ƙoƙari ya jawo ta; Ursula nan da nan ya sake dawo da sha'awarsa, kuma lokacin da ta yi tare da George ya sa ta zama mai kula da shi. Lyle, Max, da Thor nan da nan sun isa gidan itace, amma Ursula ta tsawata wa Lyle saboda ƙoƙarin barin ta yayin harin zaki. Max da Thor sun yi ƙoƙari su harbe Shep don hauren giwa, kuma Ape ya yi ihu ga Shep ya gudu. Kowa ya yi mamakin ganin birai mai magana, kuma Max da Thor sun yanke shawarar kwantar da hankali da kama shi. George ya gudu don dakatar da su, kuma Lyle ya harbe shi ba da gangan ba, wanda ya yi tunanin bindigar ta fi ƙarfinsa wanda ya shirya ya tsoratar da George. An tsare Lyle a kurkuku bayan masu ɗaukar kaya sun gano shi a matsayin mai harbi. An fitar da Max da Thor amma sun yanke shawarar komawa gidan itace don kama Ape kuma su yi arziki daga gare shi a Las Vegas. A halin yanzu, Ursula ya ɗauki George zuwa San Francisco don samun taimakon likita don raunin bindigarsa da kuma nuna masa duniyar ɗan adam, wanda bai taɓa gani ba tun yana yaro. Yayinda Ursula ke aiki, George ya binciki San Francisco da kansa kuma yana amfani da kwarewarsa ta girgiza itacen inabi don ceto wani mutumin da paraglider dinsa ya kama a kan igiyoyin dakatarwa na Bay Bridge. Ursula ta yarda da abin da ya faru a Afirka ga iyayenta kuma tana da niyyar karya bikin, amma mahaifiyarta mai iko, Beatrice, ta ƙi. A wani biki da aka yi niyyar yin bikin auren Ursula, Beatrice ta dauki George gefe. Ta gaya masa cewa auren Ursula da Lyle dole ne ya ci gaba kamar yadda aka tsara kuma ya yi barazanar cutar da George idan ya tsoma baki. A Burundi, Max da Thor sun kwantar da hankalin Ape; kafin ya fadi ba tare da sanin komai ba kuma an kama shi, Ape ya aika Tookie don neman George. Tookie ya tashi zuwa San Francisco kuma ya sanar da George game da kama Ape, ya tilasta wa George ya bar Ursula ya koma Burundi. Yayinda ta rikice game da tafiyar George da ba a bayyana ba, Ursula ta fahimci cewa tana son George kuma ta je neman shi, duk da zanga-zangar mahaifiyarta. Max da Thor, bayan sun koma gidan itace bayan sun juya ta hanyar hanyar gajeren hanya ta ƙarya, George ya fuskanci su. Ya yi yaƙi kuma ya ci su da taimakon Ursula da dabbobi. Lyle ya bayyana, ya bayyana cewa ya tsere daga kurkuku kuma ya zama minista mai bin doka wanda zai iya yin bukukuwan aure. Lyle ya sa George ya shawo kan ƙungiyar 'yan kasuwa kuma ya tilasta wa Ursula zuwa jirgin ruwa da ke jira a Kogin Ape don yin bukukuwan aurensu. Koyaya, jerin gagarumin gagarumin da suka kawo su duka cikin haɗari sun katse bikin. An ceto George daga ma'aikata tare da taimakon Shep da gorillas, kuma ya shiga don isa Ursula da Lyle, amma ya fadi cikin mummunan itace. Yayin da itacen ya fadi a kan kogi, George ya sami damar ja Ursula zuwa aminci yayin da rapids suka jagoranci Lyle cikin wani kogo mai duhu. Lyle, yana tunanin Ursula har yanzu tana cikin jirgin, ya yi shelar alkawuran aurensu, amma ga tsoronsa da baƙin ciki, ya gano cewa ya auri kansa ga gorilla, wanda ya sumbace shi. George da Ursula sun bayyana ƙaunarsu ga juna kuma sun yi aure, tare da mutanen San Francisco, Afirka, da dabbobin daji da suka halarta. Wani lokaci daga baya, biyun suna zaune a cikin gidan su na itace kuma suna kiwon ɗa, George Jr., wanda suka gabatar da shi ga dabbobi daga saman Pride Rock (wani fim na Disney The Lion King). Farkon ƙididdigar ƙarshe ya tsaya don nuna cewa Ape ya koma Las Vegas kuma ya zama sanannen mawaƙi, tare da Max da Thor da aka ƙasƙantar da su sun tilasta su zama wani ɓangare na aikinsa. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Brendan Fraser]] a matsayin George, wani saurayi wanda ya girma a cikin daji kamar Tarzan kuma akai-akai yakan fadi cikin bishiyoyi yayin da yake juyawa a kan inabi. Fraser ya yi sauraro a lokaci guda don rawar da take takawa a cikin Disney mai tsanani na Tarzan, wanda za a saki a 1999, amma ya rasa Tony Goldwyn * Leslie Mann a matsayin Ursula Stanhope, mai arziki magaji da kuma sha'awar soyayya ta George * Thomas Haden Church a matsayin Lyle van de Groot, mai arziki na Ursula, mai son kai, kuma tsohon ango wanda ke aiki a matsayin babban abokin adawar fim din * Richard Roundtree a matsayin Kwame, shugaban jagorar yawon shakatawa na daji a lokacin ziyarar Ursula zuwa Afirka * Greg Cruttwell da Ibrahim Benrubi a matsayin Max da Thor, mafarauta biyu da Lyle ya hayar a matsayin masu bin diddigin * Holland Taylor a matsayin Beatrice Stanhope, mahaifiyar Ursula mai iko, wacce ta yi imanin cewa matsayi na zamantakewa ya fi muhimmanci fiye da samun aure mai ƙauna kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai adawa da fim din * [[Kelly Miracco]] (a baya Kelly Miller) a matsayin Betsy, abokiyar Ursula mafi kyau wanda ke da sha'awar George nan take * John Bennett Perry a matsayin Arthur Stanhope, mahaifin Ursula mai goyon baya wanda yake son ta yi aure don soyayya maimakon matsayi na zamantakewa * Abdoulaye N'Gom, Michael Chinyamurindi, da Lydell M. Cheshier a matsayin Kip, N'Dugo, da Baleto, bi da bi. Su ne masu ɗaukar Kwame da kuma abokan jagororin yawon shakatawa. * Willie Brown a matsayin Magajin gari Willie L. Brown Jr * Lauren Bowles, Samantha Harris, da Afton Smith a matsayin abokan Ursula * Spencer Garrett da Jon Pennell a matsayin Baƙi na Maza a Bikin * Noah John Cardoza da Benjamin John Cardoça a matsayin George Jr. * Mista Binx, Zakery, Emely, da Crystal a matsayin Monkey * Tai a matsayin Shep, Giwayen daji na Afirka tare da halin kare * Joseph, Kaleb, da Bongo a matsayin [[Zaki]] * Tookie, Scooper, da Hopper a matsayin Tookie, toco toucan === Muryoyi === * John Cleese a matsayin Ape, mai ilimi sosai, mai magana da gorilla na gabas wanda shine aboki mafi kyau na George kuma ɗan'uwansa * Keith Scott a matsayin mai ba da labari * Frank Welker a matsayin birai da Tookie Tookie == Fitarwa == Mawallafin fina-finai Dana Olsen da farko ya rubuta rubutun takamaiman mai taken Gorilla Boy, wani labari na ''Tarzan'' da aka fada daga hangen nesa na wata mace mai arziki ta Amurka mai kama da halin Jane. Kodayake Olsen da farko ya yi imanin cewa Disney ba zai yi sha'awar ba - saboda ɗakin studio din ya sami haƙƙin jerin shirye-shiryen George na Jungle - wakilin sa ya gabatar da rubutun, kuma Disney ya samo shi. Daga baya aka hayar Olsen don sake rubuta rubutun da ke akwai. Daga baya ya bayyana cewa tsarin ci gaba a Disney ya kasance na hadin gwiwa kuma ya yaba da bayanan rubutun studio.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ring |first=Teme |date=December 7, 2022 |title=It's Time to Celebrate "Vic & Paul & Dana's Post-Pandemic Revue": A Q&A with Dana Olsen |url=https://comediansdefyinggravity.com/2022/12/27/its-time-to-celebrate-vic-paul-danas-post-pandemic-revue-a-qa-with-dana-olsen/ |access-date=November 24, 2024 |website=Comedians Defying Gravity}}</ref> An halicci al'amuran dabbobi a cikin fim din ta amfani da haɗuwa da dabbobi masu rai, wasan kwaikwayo, da hotunan da aka samar da kwamfuta. Abubuwan da suka shafi zaki, giwa, da toucan sun yi amfani da cakuda dabbobi na ainihi da abubuwan animatronic ko CGI, gami da zaki na tsana a lokacin jerin yaƙi da CGI don nuna Shep giwa yana nuna hali kamar kare. An kuma yi amfani da dabbobi masu rai, gami da Orangutan, chimpanzee, da birai na capuchin, tare da karamin haɓaka kwamfuta don wasu jerin.<ref name="humane">{{Cite web |title=George of the Jungle |url=https://humanehollywood.org/production/george-of-the-jungle/ |website=[[American Humane|Humane Hollywood]]}}</ref> An yi amfani da zakuna hudu na Afirka a cikin fim. Joseph da Kaleb sun horar da Charlie Sammut na gidan zoo na Monterey a Salinas, California.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Josef |url=https://www.visionquestranch.com/about}}</ref> Sammut ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin [[Brendan Fraser]]'s stunt double for a lion attack sequence. Michael Hackenberger na Bowmanville Zoo ne ya horar da wasu zakuna, Bongo da Kaisar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2002 |title=All the really big stars live at Vision Quest Ranch |url=https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/all-the-really-big-stars-live-at-vision-quest-ranch/article_8f1b8001-56d1-5674-b39b-e428a30ab75c.html}}</ref> An yi amfani da wasan kwaikwayo na Animatronic don al'amuran da ke buƙatar takamaiman hali, kamar zaki yana tsinkaye a George daga bayan daji. Fraser ya kuma yi hulɗa da zaki a wasu hotuna.<ref name="humane"/> Masu wasan kwaikwayo na kayan ado daga Jim Henson's Creature Shop ne suka nuna halayen gorilla.<ref name="Archerd">{{Cite web |last=Archerd |first=Army |date=November 26, 1996 |title='George' crew creates urban 'Jungle' |url=https://variety.com/1996/voices/columns/george-crew-creates-urban-jungle-1117863056/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref name="humane"/> An yi rigunansu daga gashin yak, kuma ana sarrafa fuskarsu ta amfani da animatronics masu aiki daga nesa. Dream Quest Images ne suka samar da ƙarin abubuwan gani. <ref name="Archerd" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Jim |date=2003-01-14 |title=The sad tale of Disney's Secret Lab |url=https://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2003/01/15/224.aspx |website=jimhillmedia.com |quote=as well as memorable CG characters like Shep (the elephant who thought that he was a dog) |access-date=2025-12-03 |archive-date=2021-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724003251/https://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2003/01/15/224.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> The jungle environment was constructed on a soundstage in Playa del Rey, Los Angeles. The stage measured approximately {{Convert|750|feet}} in length, {{Convert|90|feet}} in width, and {{Convert|71|feet}} in height at its peak.<ref name="Archerd"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hafb3dkpmo12p8iui8mivs4n094zklj 0 123158 905454 784597 2026-08-21T07:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Haneefah Adam (an haife ta a shekara ta 1992) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Najeriya, [1] [2] [3] wacce aka sani da yin fasaha da kayayyaki ta amfani da kayan abinci a matsayin matsakaiciyarta. [4] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Adam a Legas a cikin iyalin [[Musulmi]] na 6 amma ya girma a Ilorin, wanda ke zaune a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salaudeen |first=Aisha |title=Nigerian artist Haneefah Adam turns food into art |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/haneefah-adam-food-art-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Tana da digiri na farko a fannin ilimin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Ilorin|Jami'ar IIorin]] da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar magunguna da gano magunguna daga Jami'an Coventry.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-07-11 |title=Haneefah Adam finds niche in food art |url=https://guardian.ng/features/haneefah-adam-finds-niche-in-food-art/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628175829/https://guardian.ng/features/haneefah-adam-finds-niche-in-food-art/ |archive-date=2020-06-28 |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. 11 July 2016. Archived from [https://guardian.ng/features/haneefah-adam-finds-niche-in-food-art/ the original] on 28 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=africa |first=nourishing |title=Welcome to African Food Changemakers - Leading African Women in Food Fellowship |url=https://lawff.afchub.org/fellows/haneefah-adam |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=African Food Changemakers |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721015756/https://lawff.afchub.org/fellows/haneefah-adam |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFafrica">africa, nourishing. [https://lawff.afchub.org/fellows/haneefah-adam "Welcome to African Food Changemakers - Leading African Women in Food Fellowship"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721015756/https://lawff.afchub.org/fellows/haneefah-adam |date=2024-07-21 }}. ''African Food Changemakers''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ta kasance abokiyar shirin The Leading African Women in Food Fellowship (LAWFF) -2023. == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Adam yawanci suna bincika batutuwan da suka shafi ainihi, al'adu, da wakilci, sau da yawa suna hakar ma'adinai daga abubuwan da ta samu da kuma hulɗarsu. Ta sami shahara a shekarar 2015, lokacin da ta canza Barbie zuwa "[[Hijab|hijabi]]", yar tsana ta Barbie da ke sanye da hijab.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salaudeen |first=Aisha |title=Nigerian artist Haneefah Adam turns food into art |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/haneefah-adam-food-art-intl/index.html |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2016, ta lashe nune-nunen #TechMeetArtNG, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jazeera |first=Al |date=2016-01-30 |title=Meet Hijarbie, the popular doll wearing Muslim fashion |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2016/2/14/meet-hijarbie-the-popular-doll-wearing-muslim-fashion |access-date=2025-12-13 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> wanda ya kaddamar da aikinta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2016-06-04 |title=#TechMeetsArtNG: Samsung & Rele Gallery present ground-breaking food art exhibition |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2016/06/techmeetsartng-samsung-rele-gallery-present-ground-breaking-food-art-exhibition/ |access-date=2020-07-06 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukan Adam sun samo asali ne daga siffofi, launuka da tarihin da aka samu a cikin abinci daban-daban.<ref name=":1"/> Kwarewar Adam ita ce sutura, zane da fasahar abinci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-25 |title="Nobody dey use Amala or Eba do Artwork" - Haneefah Adam |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-52795202 |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ta gudanar da nune-nunen ta mai taken "Life long percussion" a Mala'iku da Muse a Legas. An nuna zane-zanenta "Labarinta" a cikin Rele Art Gallery Lagos (2018),Impart Art Fair Lagos (2019) da kuma "A Changing Landscape the Female" wanda aka nuna a Van Der Plas Gallery, New York . <ref name=":2"/> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na mata na Najeriya == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 96oix69zso4g8am223a88krtyxbx91a 0 123750 905353 749405 2026-08-21T03:14:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Gine-gine''''', cikakken suna '''''Gine-gine: Mujallar Mai Zane, Mai Gina Gida, Mai Kadarori da Mai Ciniki''''', mujallar wata-wata ce game da gine-gine da gini da Kamfanin Buga Bugawa na Gine-gine da ke [[Sydney]], New South Wales, Ostiraliya ke bugawa, daga 1907 zuwa 1942. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building: The Magazine for the Architect, Builder, Property Owner and Merchant |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586664~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales}}</ref> Daga baya aka buga ta a ƙarƙashin waɗannan taken: ''Gine-gine da Injiniya,'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building and Engineering |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586675~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531123153/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586675~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Gine-gine, Haske da Injiniya,'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building, Lighting and Engineering |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586686~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531142530/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586686~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Gine-gine,'' <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building (Chippendale, N.S.W.) |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586638~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531095525/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586638~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Kayayyaki, Ayyuka da Sauye-sauye a Gine-gine,'' <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Products, Projects and Trends in Building |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586657~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531092601/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586657~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Gine-gine: Mujallar Gine-gine ta Ƙasa ta Ostiraliya.'' <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building: Australia's National Building Journal |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586643~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531110649/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586643~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Front_page_of_Building,_the_magazine_for_the_architect,_builder,_property_owner_and_merchant,_September_1907.pdf|thumb|Shafin farko na ''Gini'', mujallar mai zane, mai gini, mai kadarori da kuma ɗan kasuwa, Satumba 1907]] == Tarihin bugawa == Gina: Mujallar Mai Zane, Mai Gina, Mai Kadarori da Mai Ciniki an fara buga ta ne a watan Satumba na 1907 ta Kamfanin Buga Littattafan Gine-gine, [1] wanda George Augustine Taylor da matarsa Florence Mary Taylor suka kafa. [2] Mujallar "ta bayar da sharhi mai tasiri kan muhallin da aka gina a Ostiraliya na tsawon rabin ƙarni na gaba". [2] Florence Taylor ta rubuta wani shafi na yau da kullun a cikin mujallar wanda ya haskaka mata a fannin gine-gine . [3] Daga 1927 zuwa Oktoba 1930, mujallar ta zama hukuma ta ƙungiyar masu ginin manyan gine-gine ta Ostiraliya, kuma daga Nuwamba 1930 zuwa 1942, hukumar da ke ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar masu ginin manyan gine-gine ta Ostiraliya . <ref name=":0"/> == Canzawa ta hanyar dijital == An mayar da mujallu daga Mujallar Vol. 1, lamba 1 (Satumba 1907) zuwa Mujallar Vol. 36, lamba 216 (12 Agusta 1925) ta hanyar amfani da Laburaren Ƙasa na Ostiraliya . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Building (Chippendale, N.S.W.) |url=http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586638~S2 |access-date=29 April 2016 |website=Catalogue |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=31 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531095525/http://library.sl.nsw.gov.au/record=b1586638~S2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} b3roqfavgilt46zf8ob611n14zs7eul 0 125462 905146 802933 2026-08-20T17:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Eryldene''''' tsohon gidan iyali ne da aka lissafa a matsayin tarihi, kuma yanzu haka gidan tarihi ne da ke kan titin McIntosh a unguwar [[Sydney]] North Shore da ke Gordon, Ostiraliya. William Hardy Wilson ne ya tsara shi kuma Rudolph G. Ochs ne ya gina shi daga 1913 zuwa 1936. Kamfanin Eryldene Trust ne ya mallaki kadarar. An ƙara gidan da lambunsa, wanda aka san shi da camellia, a cikin Rijistar Gado ta Jihar New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1999 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eryldene |url=http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/people_places/north/architects/eryldene/index.html |access-date=16 August 2016 |publisher=State Library of New South Wales |archive-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616134606/http://www2.sl.nsw.gov.au/archive/discover_collections/people_places/north/architects/eryldene/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuma an jera shi a cikin Rijistar Gidaje ta Australiya.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=The Eryldene Trust |url=http://www.collectionsaustralia.net/org/1201/about/ |access-date=7 September 2009 |website=Collections Australia Network |publisher=Commonwealth of Australia |archive-date=6 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090706000629/http://www.collectionsaustralia.net/org/1201/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == Ainihin ruhin ƙarni na 20 ya zo cikin gine-ginen Ostiraliya tare da aikin gida na kwata na masu aiki bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]]. A tsakaninsu, sun ƙunshi dukkan kyawawan halaye da munanan halaye, ƙarfi da raunin da suka nuna shekaru 50 da suka gabata. Abu ɗaya tilo da suka yi tarayya a kai shi ne yarda cewa tunanin gine-gine dole ne ya fara a matakin farko fiye da duk wani abu da aka sani tsawon shekaru ɗari. Ƙungiyar masu zane-zane masu tunani waɗanda suka ɗauki nauyin gabatar da ƙarni na 20 sune Hardy Wilson, Robin Dods, Harold Desbrowe-Annear da Walter Burley Griffin . Sun yi aiki a wurare daban-daban kuma sun yi aiki daban-daban. Amma a tsakaninsu, sun rufe mafi yawan ra'ayoyi da halaye da suka biyo baya. Domin, ban da Griffin, sun yi aiki kusan kawai a kan gidaje, tasirinsu ya fi ƙarfi akan aikin gida. Zurfin tunani da canje-canjen da suka kawo wa gidaje bai fara shiga cikin wasu nau'ikan gini ba, wanda kawai ya samo asali ne daga gare su daga munanan halaye na ɗaiɗaikun mutane don ƙara salon salonsu na fili, na tsawon wasu shekaru 40.[1] === William Hardy Wilson === William (later Hardy) Wilson had been born in Sydney in 1881.His search for architectural truth, a deep love and appreciation of beauty, an interest in history and an abiding faith in the concept of the artist-architect led him to strive for the pre-Victorian virtues. But his was not mere copyism. Sensitive to the underlying qualities of colonial architecture, he sought to apply their timeless principles to his own work. A shekarar 1905, Wilson ya je Ingila ya yi karatu a Makarantar Gine-gine ta Ƙungiyar Gine-gine da ke Landan, sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara zane ga William Flockhart da ke Bond Street. Babban mai tsara zane a wannan ofishin, Leonard Rothrie, ya gabatar da shi ga ƙungiyar zane-zane ta Chelsea, inda ya haɗu da mai sassaka ɗan Ingila Francis Derwent Ward da mai zane ɗan Scotland George Henry, da kuma masu fasaha na Australiya ciki har da Tom Roberts, Arthur Streeton da George Lambert. == Manazarta == qc8a4thr81q4vl9gwt1mk2cy54vtppy 0 125530 905468 791249 2026-08-21T07:54:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Way On Cemetery wuri ne na binnewa a Panama City ga al'ummar kasar Sin, da yawa daga cikin kakanninsu sun yi hijira yayin gina Hanyar jirgin kasa ta Panama a tsakiyar karni na sha tara. An sayi makircin a cikin 1882 ta hanyar Sociedad Way On kuma an tsara shi daidai da al'adun feng shui da al'adu na lambobi. Ginin ya fara ne a shekara mai zuwa, kuma jana'izar farko ta kasance a cikin 1911. A cikin 1942, saboda karancin wuraren binnewa a cikin birni, rabin dukiyar ta tilasta wa gwamnati hayar, amma an mayar da ita ga al'ummar kasar Sin a cikin 2002. A yau, ana gudanar da bukukuwan gargajiya na Tomb Sweeping a kowace shekara kuma ana gudanar da bikin jana'izar a kai a kai.[1] Duk da bangon dutse da ƙofar ƙofar, Way On ya sha wahala daga lalata a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma yana fuskantar barazanar ci gaba saboda matsin ci gaba da rashin kulawa.<ref>{{cite news |title=Grave cleaning day in Panama City's Chinese cemetery |url=http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_13/issue_07/community_02.html |access-date=14 August 2012 |newspaper=The Panama News |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508160638/http://www.thepanamanews.com/pn/v_13/issue_07/community_02.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An haɗa shafin a cikin 2012 World Monuments Watch kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin "Rescue Needed" ta hanyar Global Heritage Network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GHN Sites |url=http://www.ghn.globalheritagefund.org/explore.php?id=1370 |access-date=14 August 2012 |publisher=Global Heritage Fund }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == eubh9hglv4rvmjv7te9501epothlqm2 0 125915 905549 755816 2026-08-21T10:40:50Z Zahrah0 14848 905549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lam M. Nguyen''' (ko '''Lam Nguyen'''; Vietnamese: '''Nguyễn Minh Lâm''', an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba, shekara ta alif 1986) <ref name="NeurIPS">{{Cite web |title=NeurIPS 2025 Ogranizing Committee |url=https://neurips.cc/Conferences/2025/Committees |website=NeurIPS}}</ref> <ref name="Biography_LamNguyen">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.lamnguyen.org/biography.html |website=Personal Website}}</ref> masanin kimiyyar kwamfuta ne na Vietnamese-[[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] kuma masanin lissafi ne wanda aka sani da gudummawarsa ga inganta algorithms don ilmantarwa na inji kuma sananne ne don ba da shawara da haɓaka hanyar SARAH. <ref name="ICML2017">{{Cite web |last=Nguyen, Lam M.; Liu, Jie; Scheinberg, Katya; Takáč, Martin |title=SARAH: A Novel Method for Machine Learning Problems Using Stochastic Recursive Gradient |url=https://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/nguyen17b.html |website=ICML 2017}}</ref> Shi Masanin Kimiyya ne na Bincike a Cibiyar Bincike ta IBM, Thomas J. Watson, New York, Amurka, inda bincikensa ke mai da hankali kan haɗuwa da ingantawa da ilmantarwa na inji.<ref name="IBM">{{Cite web |title=Lam M. Nguyen - IBM Research |url=https://research.ibm.com/people/lam-nguyen |website=IBM Research}}</ref> Shi babban memba ne na INFORMS kuma memba ne na kungiyar girmamawa ta Beta Gamma Sigma, ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman girmamawa da ɗaliban kasuwanci zai iya karɓa.<ref name="INFORMS">{{Cite web |title=INFORMS Senior Membership Program Recognizes Dedicated Members |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/do/10.1287/orms.2024.01.25n/full/ |website=INFORMS}}</ref><ref name="BGS">{{Cite web |title=Honor Society Museum |url=https://honorsocietymuseum.org/what-is-beta-gamma-sigma/ |website=Honor Society Museum}}</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == Nguyen ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Jihar Lomonosov Moscow (2008) a karkashin kulawar Vladimir Dmitriev<ref name="Biography_LamNguyen">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.lamnguyen.org/biography.html |website=Personal Website}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lamnguyen.org/biography.html "Biography"]. ''Personal Website''.</cite></ref>, MBA daga Jami'an Jihar McNeese (2013), da Ph.D. a cikin Masana'antu da Injiniya daga Jami'a Lehigh (2018). Rubutun nasa, A Service System with On-Demand Agents, Stochastic Gradient Algorithms da SARAH Algorithm, sun sami lambar yabo ta Elizabeth V. Stout Dissertation Award na jami'ar.<ref name="Lehigh">{{Cite web |title=Lehigh PhD graduates honored at 2019 hooding ceremony |url=https://engineering.lehigh.edu/news/article/lehigh-phd-graduates-honored-2019-hooding-ceremony |website=Lehigh University}}</ref> Mai ba da shawara ga digirinsa shine Katya Scheinberg . == Bincike da gudummawa == Binciken Nguyen yana kan hanyoyin ingantawa don ilmantarwa na inji da ingantaccen tsari. An san shi a matsayin jagora mai kirkirar ''SARAH (Stochastic Recursive Gradient) '' algorithm, wanda aka gabatar a ICML 2017, wanda ya rinjayi nau'ikan hanyoyin inganta bambancin bambance-bambance.<ref name="ICML2017">{{Cite web |last=Nguyen, Lam M.; Liu, Jie; Scheinberg, Katya; Takáč, Martin |title=SARAH: A Novel Method for Machine Learning Problems Using Stochastic Recursive Gradient |url=https://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/nguyen17b.html |website=ICML 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNguyen,_Lam_M.;_Liu,_Jie;_Scheinberg,_Katya;_Takáč,_Martin">Nguyen, Lam M.; Liu, Jie; Scheinberg, Katya; Takáč, Martin. [https://proceedings.mlr.press/v70/nguyen17b.html "SARAH: A Novel Method for Machine Learning Problems Using Stochastic Recursive Gradient"]. ''ICML 2017''.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list]]</ref><ref name="NeurIPS2018">{{Cite web |last=Fang, Cong; Li, Chris Junchi; Lin, Zhouchen; Zhang, Tong |title=SPIDER: Near-Optimal Non-Convex Optimization via Stochastic Path-Integrated Differential Estimator |url=https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2018/file/1543843a4723ed2ab08e18053ae6dc5b-Paper.pdf |website=NeurIPS 2018}}</ref><ref name="JMLR2020">{{Cite web |last=Pham, Nhan; Nguyen, Lam M.; Phan, Dzung T.; Tran-Dinh, Quoc |title=ProxSARAH: An Efficient Algorithmic Framework for Stochastic Composite Nonconvex Optimization |url=https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume21/19-248/19-248.pdf |website=JMLR 2020}}</ref><ref name="ICML2021">{{Cite web |last=Li, Zhize; Bao, Hongyan; Zhang, Xiangliang; Richtarik, Peter |title=PAGE: A Simple and Optimal Probabilistic Gradient Estimator for Nonconvex Optimization |url=http://proceedings.mlr.press/v139/li21a/li21a.pdf |website=ICML 2021}}</ref><ref name="IEEE2024">{{Cite web |last=Li, Rengang; Yan, Ruidong; Guo, Zhenhua; Qiu, Zhiyong; Zhao, Yaqian; Wang, Yanwei |title=DM-SARAH: A Variance Reduction Optimization Algorithm for Machine Learning Systems |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10901359 |website=IEEE 2024}}</ref> Shi ne co-editor na littafin Federated Learning: Theory and Practice (Elsevier, 2024), wanda ke ba da haɗin kai game da fannoni na ka'idoji da amfani na ilmantarwa na tarayya.<ref name="Elsevier">{{Cite web |last=Nguyen, Lam M.; Hoang, Trong Nghia; Chen, Pin-Yu |year=2024 |title=Federated Learning: Theory and Practice |url=https://shop.elsevier.com/books/federated-learning/nguyen/978-0-443-19037-7 |website=Elsevier}}</ref> == Ayyukan edita da ƙwararru == Nguyen yana aiki a matsayin Editan Ayyuka don ''[[Journal of Machine Learning Research|Jaridar Nazarin Injin]]'' da Ilimin Injin, kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Edita na Jaridar Ka'idar Ingantawa da Aikace-aikace. <ref name="JMLR2">{{Cite web |title=Journal of Machine Learning Research- Editorial Board |url=https://jmlr.org/editorial-board.html |website=JMLR}}</ref> <ref name="MLJ2">{{Cite web |title=Machine Learning - Editorial Board |url=https://link.springer.com/journal/10994/editorial-board |website=Machine Learning}}</ref><ref name="JOTA2">{{Cite web |title=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications - Editorial Board |url=https://link.springer.com/journal/10994/editorial-board |website=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications}}</ref> Ya kasance a cikin Kwamitin Shirye-shiryen ''[[Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems|Taron kan Tsarin Gudanar da Bayanai na Neural (NeurIPS)]]'' 2023-2025, da Babban Shugaban Yankin ''[[International Conference on Machine Learning|Taron Kasa da Kasa kan Ilimin Injin (ICML)]]'' , Taron Kasa na Duniya kan Wakilan Ilimi (ICLR), Taron kan Tsaro na Bayanai na Niural (NeuriIPS), da Artificial Intelligence da Statistics (AISTATS).<ref name="NeurIPS2">{{Cite web |title=NeurIPS 2025 Ogranizing Committee |url=https://neurips.cc/Conferences/2025/Committees |website=NeurIPS}}</ref> Ya shirya bita a NeurIPS 2021 da AAAI 2023. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] egi8v8qxzzl32tsw8jxy9jqn8xn6yga 0 126256 905539 756745 2026-08-21T09:46:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905539 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hasumiyar Talabijin ta Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київська телевежа, an gina ta da romanized: Kyivska televezha) hasumiyar ƙarfe ce mai tsawon mita 385 (ƙafa 1,263)* [1] a kan titin Oranzhereina, Kyiv, Ukraine, kuma ita ce mafi tsayi a ƙasar. [2] An gina hasumiyar a shekarar 1973 yayin da Kyiv ita ce babban birnin SSR na Ukraine. [3] Hasumiyar ita ce mafi tsayi a cikin ginin ƙarfe a duniya. [1][2] Ana amfani da ita don watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo da talabijin kuma ba a buɗe ta ga jama'a ba. [1] Ita ce hasumiyar lattice mafi tsayi a duniya kuma gini na uku mafi tsayi a Turai. == Tarihi == An fara tsara hasumiyar ne don [[Moscow]], sannan babban birnin Soviet. Amma hukumomin Moscow sun fi son wani nau'in hasumiya mai "tsayi", wanda daga ƙarshe aka gina shi (Ostankino Tower). Daga baya, lokacin da Kyiv ke buƙatar hasumiyarta, an sake gabatar da aikin. Gwamnatin Soviet ta umarci injiniyoyi da su taƙaita hasumiyar da kusan kashi 30%, don kada ta kasance mai tsayi kamar na Moscow. === Wurin da yake === An gina hasumiyar a saman makabartar Yahudawa a Lukianivka . An rufe makabarta a hukumance a shekarar 1966 kuma an ba wa iyalan Yahudawa watanni shida don sake binne danginsu a yankunan Yahudawa na sabon makabarta. Tun da yake an kashe dangin wadanda aka binne a Kisan kiyashi na Babyn Yar, ba a motsa yawancin kaburbura ba. Bayan an lalata ko cire duwatsun, an gina eriya a saman kaburbura da ke akwai.<ref>В. Стах, [http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/531/211/19178/ "Викрадачі спокою наших осель"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116110658/http://www.umoloda.kiev.ua/number/531/211/19178/ |date=2015-01-16 }}, ''Україна Молода'', #191, 14 October 2005 (in Ukrainian)</ref><ref>І. Мащенко, [http://www.dt.ua/3000/3680/30789/ "Гулівери земних споруд"], ''[[Zerkalo Nedeli]]'', #16 (340) 21–27 April 2001 (in Ukrainian) {{Webarchive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Reconstitution of the historical memory of the Lukianivka Jewish Cemetery. {{!}} Бабин Яр |url=http://babynyar.gov.ua/en/reconstitution-historical-memory-lukianivka-jewish-cemetery |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302124916/http://babynyar.gov.ua/en/reconstitution-historical-memory-lukianivka-jewish-cemetery |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=babynyar.gov.ua}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Лукьяновское еврейское кладбище в Киеве – MEMORYON |url=https://memoryon.net/ru/pages/lukyanovskoe-evrejskoe-kladbishe-v-kieve?pageId=606ec481d554c7000ac2ee13 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=memoryon.net |language=ru}}</ref> === Gine-gine === An fara ginin a shekarar 1968[1] kuma an kammala shi a shekarar 1973[2] akan kimanin dala miliyan 12. An yi shi da bututun ƙarfe mai diamita da kauri daban-daban, ginin yana da nauyin tan 2,700 (tan 2,700 mai tsayi; tan 3,000 mai gajeru). Bututun tsakiya, ko kuma tsakiyarsa, inda lif ɗin yake, yana da diamita mita 4 (ƙafa 13) kuma an yi shi da bututu mai kauri mm 12. Yana zaune a kan tushe mai ƙafa huɗu wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 100 (ƙafa 330). A saman tushe akwai wani matakin rufewa wanda ke ɗauke da kayan aikin watsawa da karɓa na microwave. A nisan mita 200 (ƙafa 660) akwai matakin rufewa na biyu wanda ke ɗauke da na'urorin watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin da FM, da kuma shagon sarrafawa da gyara. Wannan mataki na biyu shine ƙarshen lif. [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] Hasumiyar ta bambanta ce saboda babu kayan aiki na inji kamar rivets da ake amfani da su a cikin tsari: kowane haɗin gwiwa, bututu, da kayan aiki an haɗa su ta hanyar walda. Ita ce hasumiya ta farko da aka yi da ita a duniya. === Harin makami mai linzami na 2022 === [[Fayil:Rocket_strike_on_Kyiv_TV_Tower,_1_March_2022.webm|thumb|Harin makami mai linzami na Rasha a ranar 1 ga Maris 2022]] A ranar 1 ga Maris 2022, wani makami mai linzami da sojojin Rasha suka harba a lokacin Yaƙin Kyiv a matsayin wani ɓangare na mamayar Rasha a Ukraine. [undefined] A cewar jami'an Ukraine, an kashe mutane biyar a sakamakon haka.[2] Wadanda suka mutu sun hada da Yevhenii Sakun, ɗan jarida na farko da aka kashe a mamayar Rasha a Ukraine.[3] Mai ba da shawara na jihar Ukraine Anton Herashchenko ya zargi sojojin Rasha da ƙoƙarin rushe kayan aikin sadarwa na birnin.[4] A cewar The Kyiv Independent, an katse watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na Ukraine bayan harin.[1] Ba a san ko yajin aikin ya yi niyyar rushe hasumiyar ba ko kuma idan manufar ita ce ta kashe tsarin watsawa da karɓa. Girman lalacewar bai bayyana nan take ba, kuma hasumiyar ta kasance tsaye. [[Fayil:Kiev_TV_Tower_2.jpg|thumb|Hasumiyar Talabijin ta Kyiv daga matakin ƙasa]] Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Ukraine ta yi Allah wadai da harin saboda kusanci da abin tunawa da kisan kiyashi na Babi Yar. Cibiyar Tunawa da Holocaust ta Babyn Yar ta tabbatar da rahotanni cewa makami mai linzami na biyu ya buge wurin tunawa da ke kusa, duk da haka akwai rahotanni masu sabawa. == Dubi kuma == * Hasumiyar Lattice * Jerin hasumiyoyi mafi tsawo a duniya * Jerin gine-gine mafi tsawo a Turai * Jerin gine-gine masu zaman kansu mafi tsawo a duniya * Jerin gine-ginen ƙarfe mafi tsayi * Jerin wuraren watsawa pz57gqx1sj58adlb2bwpfsel0scnl1s 0 128859 905310 763765 2026-08-20T22:01:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databo}} '''Fraser Thorneycroft-Smith''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1971), wanda aka fi sani da '''Fraser T. Smith''', ƙwararren mai shirya waƙoƙi ne na Turanci, mawaƙi kuma mawaƙi. Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin da ya yi aiki tare da su sun haɗa da " Set Fire to the Rain " na [[Adele]], " Broken Strings " na James Morrison, " Lambar 1 " ta Tinchy Stryder da " Break Your Heart " na Taio Cruz . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Smith ya haɗu da Stormzy don samar da kundin wakokinsa na farko ''Gang Signs &amp;amp; Prayer'', wanda ya lashe kyautar Best Album a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Brit Awards na 2018. A farkon wannan shekarar ya samar da waƙoƙi bakwai a cikin kundin wakokin Kano na ''Made in the Manor'' kuma ya haɗa da EP na farko daga mawakin South London Dave . Smith ya kuma yi aiki tare da [[Sam Smith]] . Smith ya fitar da kundin wakokinsa na farko, ''Tambayoyi 12'', a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2020. Kundin ya dogara ne akan jerin tambayoyi 12 da dukkansu suka samo asali daga damuwar Smith game da duniya, suna tattauna batutuwa kamar addini, 'yanci, launin fata, jinsi, arziki, daidaito da muhalli. Smith ya yi aiki tare da Dave, Kano, Ghetts, Bastille, [[Idris Elba]] da Stormzy . A ranar 18 ga Maris 2021, an bai wa Smith lambar yabo ta RSL (Rockschool Ltd). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A watan Agusta 2021, an zabi Dave da Smith don kyautar Ivor Novello Awards ta 2021 a cikin Mafi Kyawun Waƙoƙin Zamani na "Yaran Intanet". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> Daga baya Dave da Smith suka yi nasara. Wannan ita ce nasararsu ta uku ta Ivor Novello cikin shekaru huɗu. Future Utopia ce ta yi waƙar. Wannan shine sabon aikin furodusa Smith kuma ya ƙunshi Dave da Es Devlin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wynter |first=Courtney |date=2021-09-21 |title=Fraser T Smith, Dave & Es Devlin's 'Children Of The Internet' Wins 2021 Ivor Novello For Best Contemporary Song |url=https://grmdaily.com/ivor-novello-awards-2021-winners/ |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=GRM Daily |language=en-GB |archive-date=2021-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026012001/https://grmdaily.com/ivor-novello-awards-2021-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Celeste, Obongjayar, Dave and Fraser T Smith win at Ivor Novello awards 2021 |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/celeste-obongjayar-dave-fraser-t-smith-win-at-ivor-novello-awards-2021 |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=The Line of Best Fit |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Edmonds |first=Lizzie |date=2021-09-21 |title=Harry Styles among first-time winners at Ivor Novello Awards |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/ivor-novello-awards-harry-styles-firsttime-winners-b956576.html |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=www.standard.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ivors 2021: Full Winners List |url=https://headlinermagazine.net/blog/the-ivors-2021-full-winners-list.html |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=headlinermagazine.net}}</ref> == Sana'a == Smith ya fara aikinsa yana buga guitar a mashaya da kulab a matsayin mawaƙi mai zaman kansa da kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A shekarar 1992, Smith ya haɗu da Rick Wakeman wanda ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa da yin rikodi tare da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> Daga nan Smith ya ci gaba da aiki tare da Tony Hadley da ɗan Rick Adam Wakeman . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, sun kafa Jeronimo Road, ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai ci gaba . Daga nan Smith ya shiga cikin buga guitar a zaman studio, yana yin waƙoƙi sama da 200, ciki har da waƙar Rui da Silva mai lamba ɗaya " Touch Me " da waƙar Tim Deluxe mai lamba " It Just Won't Do ". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Celeste, Obongjayar, Dave and Fraser T Smith win at Ivor Novello awards 2021 |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/celeste-obongjayar-dave-fraser-t-smith-win-at-ivor-novello-awards-2021 |access-date=2021-10-26 |website=The Line of Best Fit |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1999, an gabatar da Smith ga Craig David wanda ba a san shi ba a lokacin kuma ya shafe shekaru biyar yana aiki a matsayin mai kida a talabijin da rediyo, da kuma a wasannin kade-kade da suka hada da John Lennon Tribute Concert a Radio City Hall da ke New York, Tsunami Relief Cardiff a filin wasa na Millennium da ke Cardiff, da kuma Live 8, London . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> Sun sake hada waƙoƙi tare a ƙarƙashin sunan Treats kuma sun rubuta waƙoƙin "World Filled With Love", "6 of 1 Thing", da "Hot Stuff". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, an zaɓi Smith don lambar yabo ta Ivor Novello saboda rubuce-rubucensa akan " Broken Strings ". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, an zaɓi Smith don lambar yabo ta Album of the Year a cikin lambar yabo ta Grammy ta 57 saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga kundin Sam Smith ''In the Lonely Hour'' . Tsakanin 2013 da 2016, Smith ya yi aiki tare da tsohon abokin aikinsa na Kano a kundin wakokinsa ''mai suna Made in the Manor'', wanda daga baya aka zaɓi shi don kyautar Mercury Prize ta 2016 kuma aka zaɓe shi don kundin wakokin shekara a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Brit Awards na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da lashe kyautar mafi kyawun kundin wakoki a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na MOBO . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-03-26 |title=— The Manifesto |url=http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123947/http://themanifesto.co/feature/2014/03/fraser-t-smith |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=2014-05-30 |publisher=Themanifesto.co}}</ref> Smith ya kuma yi aiki tare da 'yan wasan Mexico biyu [[Jesse & Joy]] a cikin kundin wakokinsu na ''[[Un Besito Más]]'', wanda aka fitar a watan Disamba na 2015. A [[17th Annual Latin Grammy Awards|bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Latin Grammy karo na 17]], kundin ya sami damar shiga [[Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year|kundin wakokin na shekarar]] kuma ya lashe kyautar mafi kyawun kundin wakokin Pop na zamani. A shekarar 2016, mawakin hip hop mai suna Stormzy ya tunkari Smith. Sun shafe watanni goma suna rubutu da kuma samar da kundin wakokinsa na farko, ''Gang Signs &amp;amp; Prayer'', wanda aka fitar da shi daban-daban ta hanyar #Merky Records a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 2017. An tallafa wa kundin ta hanyar wakar " Big for Your Boots ". A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]], Smith ya samar da sigar agaji ta Live Lounge Allstars ta Foo Fighters ' " Times Like These ", wacce ta ƙunshi mawaƙa ashirin da huɗu da aka yi rikodin su daga gidajensu. <ref name="Times Like These">{{Cite web |title=Fraser T Smith: How I brought 24 musicians together during lockdown for Radio 1's first Number One |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/35RvGLnlk74hX6YbhxhFDHs/fraser-t-smith-how-i-brought-24-musicians-together-during-lockdown-for-radio-1-s-first-number-one |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=BBC}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Smith da mawakin rap Dave sun lashe kyautar Ivor Novello Award saboda wakar "Question Time". A shekarar 2020, sun lashe kyautar Ivor Novello Award saboda wakar "Black". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e9vpkcfrohstreou0a1tv9mdoudybhi 0 128931 905484 763892 2026-08-21T08:16:21Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Nick_Xenophon.jpg with [[File:Nick_Xenophon_speaking_to_a_crowd_in_2008.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name)). 905484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Main-Building-2022.jpg|thumb|Babban Gini daga titin makarantar shiryawa, 2022.]] '''Kwalejin Prince Alfred''' makaranta ce mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta, kuma mai zaman [[Makarantar allo|kanta]] ga yara maza, wacce ke kan Dequetteville Terrace, Kent Town, kusa da tsakiyar [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Ostiraliya. Ɗaya daga cikin makarantu masu zaman kansu mafi tsada da tsufa a jihar, ta ilmantar da [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Rhodes Scholars]], firayim minista da 'yan siyasa, shugabannin masana'antu da kuɗi, manyan ma'aikatan gwamnati, masu bincike da 'yan wasa. Makarantar ta ci gaba da kula da cibiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta duniya, wacce ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai (PAOCA) ke gudanarwa, tun daga 1878. Tsoffin ɗaliban makarantar ana kiransu da Old Reds . A halin yanzu akwai kimanin ɗalibai 1,420 da suka yi rajista daga Makarantar Horarwa zuwa Aji na 12 (masu shekaru 5 zuwa 18), Kwalejin Prince Alfred ta ƙaddamar da Cibiyar Koyar da Farko a shekarar 1999 tare da ɗaliban da suka yi rajista a yanzu 260. A matsayinta na makaranta mai tushen Methodist, ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a tsawon tarihinta da manufofi biyu na " Kiristanci mai tsoka da kuma 'yan'uwa Kirista", suna neman tsara tsararraki na gaba na maza ta hanyar ilimin jiki da na hankali. Makarantar tana da al'adun wasanni masu ƙarfi kuma tana gudanar da shirye-shirye da yawa na waje. Akwai gasa ta tarihi tsakanin makarantar da Kwalejin St Peter's da ke kusa, wacce ke da asali na addini da na aji. Wasan Cricket na Intercollegiate, wanda ake yi kowace shekara tsakanin XI na Farko na makarantu biyu, ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin na biyu mafi tsufa da aka sani a gasar cricket da ake ci gaba da yi a duniya, wanda aka fara a 1878.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2025 |title=Origins of 'The Great Intercollegiate Match' |url=https://thesidelines.lk/origins-of-the-great-intercollegiate-match/}}</ref> == Tarihi == Makarantar ta kasance batun tarihi guda uku da JF Ward (1883–1954), Ronald Malcolm Gibbs (1938-2015) da Rob Linn suka rubuta, bi da bi. === 1854 zuwa 1945 === [[Fayil:Facade_and_grounds_of_Prince_Alfred_college,_Adelaide._Colou_Wellcome_V0012138.jpg|thumb|Lithograph na babban ginin da aka kammala tare da fikafikansa.]] An fara ƙirƙirar makarantar 'ya'yanmu maza' a shekarar 1854, a Cocin Methodist na Wesleyan (Birtaniya) da ke Kudancin Ostiraliya ta kaɗa ƙuri'a don ƙirƙirar makaranta 'don ilimin 'ya'yanmu maza' a shekarar 1867, a wurin da ake kira Old Methodist Conference Hall da ke kan titin Pirie.[1] An tabbatar da mallakar ƙasar da ke gefen garin Kent a baya kan kuɗi £2,750 tare da isasshen jari (£6,00) don gina ɓangaren farko na babban ginin. Ƙirƙirar makarantar Methodist ta biyo bayan wasu yunƙurin nasara a New South Wales, Victoria da Tasmania. Sabuwar makarantar an yi ta ne don ilmantar da 'ya'yan 'yan kasuwa masu arziki da manoma da nufin ƙirƙirar shugabannin gari na gaba waɗanda ke cike da 'al'adun gargajiya masu girma da sassaucin ra'ayi'.[2] A lokacin, Methodist ya kai kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan jama'ar yankin, wani ɓangare saboda kwararar ma'aikatan haƙar ma'adinai na Cornish.[3] TG Waterhouse da Rev. John Watsford sun shawo kan Gwamnan Kudancin Ostiraliya, Sir Dominick Daly, ya roƙi Yarima Alfred, Duke na Edinburgh a lokacin, da ya kafa harsashin ginin sabuwar makarantar a lokacin rangadin da yake yi a yankunan mulkin mallaka na Ostiraliya. A watan Satumba an sanar da cewa Alfred zai sanya dutsen kuma sabuwar makarantar za ta kasance 'Kwalejin Alfred'. An sanya dutsen a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 1867 da ƙarfe 2 na rana. Ɗaliba mace ɗaya tilo da ta halarci makarantar ita ce [[Lilian Staple Mead]], 'yar ministan Baptist Silas Mead, a tsakanin 1883 zuwa 1884, domin ta yi rajista ta shiga Jami'a a lokacin da makarantu kaɗan ne ke akwai ga 'yan mata su yi hakan.<ref>Leah Simons, "Princes Men Masculinity at Prince Alfred College", University of Adelaide, 2001, PhD thesis, https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/80fd4c3b-e1ad-4887-b69f-f1540a281f48</ref> <ref>The oldest ongoing contest is [[Eton v Harrow]]</ref> === 1945 zuwa 1999 === Makarantar ta jawo hankalin baƙi da yawa na sarauta tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ciki har da [[Elizabeth II|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu]] da [[Philip Mountbatten|Yarima Philip]] a shekarar 1954. A shekarun 1970, an ƙirƙiri Gidauniyar Kwalejin Prince Alfred a ƙarƙashin jagorancin ɗan kasuwa, [[Robert Gerard|W. Geoffrey Gerard]].<ref>Leah Simons, "Princes Men Masculinity at Prince Alfred College", University of Adelaide, 2001, PhD thesis, https://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/items/80fd4c3b-e1ad-4887-b69f-f1540a281f48</ref> Aikinta na farko shine harabar waje ta Scotts Creek da ke Mannum a ƙasar Kudancin Ostiraliya, kafin ci gaba a makarantar shirye-shirye, dakin motsa jiki da gidan kwana. Gidauniyar ta zama sashin kuɗi na makarantar da ke da alhakin manyan gyare-gyare da yawa. Cocin Methodist na Australasia ya haɗu da sauran majami'un Furotesta a shekarar 1977 don kafa cocin Uniting a Ostiraliya, wanda makarantar ke da alaƙa da shi yanzu. === 2000 zuwa yanzu === A shekara ta 2000, an ambaci makarantar a Majalisar Dokokin Ostiraliya lokacin da Shugaban 'Yan adawa na wancan lokacin, Kim Beazley, ya hana 'ya'yansa halartar makarantar. Wannan lamari ya taso ne saboda wata wasiƙa mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da shugaban makarantar, Stephen Codrington, ya aika wa 'yan majalisar game da shawarwarin sauye-sauyen dokoki. A wani lokaci, Princes ita ce kaɗai kwaleji a Adelaide da ta bayar da Difloma ta IB a dukkan matakai uku; PYP da MYP sassan aiki ne na tilas ga ɗaliban Shirye-shirye da na Tsakiya, wanda ke ba wa ɗalibanta damar ci gaba da kammala Difloma a aji na 11 da 12, ko kuma a amince da su a ƙasa baki ɗaya tare da SACE. [[Fayil:Year-6-production-of-William-Shakespeare's-The-Tempest,-2022.jpg|thumb|Fim ɗin William-Shakespeare mai suna 'The-Tempest', na shekara ta 2022, a shekara ta 6.]] [[Fayil:Returning-to-Shore,-Head-of-the-River,-2022.jpg|thumb|Komawa bakin teku a Head of the River, 2022.]] [[Fayil:PACRowing1891.jpg|right|thumb|237x237px|Ƙungiyar kwale-kwale ta kwaleji, 1891]] <gallery> Fayil:Crawford_Vaughan.jpeg|alt=Crawford Vaughan, 27th Premier of South Australia and 2nd Labor Premier| Crawford Vaughan, Firimiyan Kudancin Australia na 27 kuma Firimiyan Labour na 2 Fayil:Lionel_Logue_1937.jpg|alt=Lionel Logue, speech pathologist for King George VI, depicted in The King's Speech (2010) by Geoffrey Rush| Lionel Logue, masanin ilimin magana na Sarki George na VI, wanda aka nuna a cikin The King's Speech (2010) na Geoffrey Rush Fayil:Nick Xenophon speaking to a crowd in 2008.jpg|alt=Nick Xenophon, Senator for South Australia and Member of the Legislative Council| Nick Xenophon, Sanata mai wakiltar Kudancin Ostiraliya kuma memba na Majalisar Dokoki Fayil:Ian_Chappell_1971.jpg|alt=Ian Chappell, Australian Cricket Captain| Ian Chappell, Kyaftin ɗin Cricket na Australiya Fayil:Sir_Edward_Holden.jpeg|alt=Sir Edward Holden, founder of Holden car company| Sir Edward Holden, wanda ya kafa kamfanin kera motoci na Holden </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] avepu29tv7agj36wwlc77q9rhhrdimx 0 129304 905349 803533 2026-08-21T01:45:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gidan '''Tarihi na Kyauta na Mikawa na Macao''' ( Chinese ; Portuguese ) wani gidan tarihi ne da ke tunawa da mika Macau a Sé, [[Macau]], [[Sin|China]] . Yana nan a wurin da aka gina ginin wucin gadi don bikin mika mulki wanda daga baya aka rushe shi, dukkansu Vicente Bravo Ferreira ne ya tsara su. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handover Gifts Museum of Macao |url=https://macaostreets.iam.gov.mo/en/spotdetail/article/krd99ego.html |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=macaostreets.iam.gov.mo |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728083809/https://macaostreets.iam.gov.mo/en/spotdetail/article/krd99ego.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Handover Gifts Museum of Macao |url=https://www.icm.gov.mo/handovermuseum/en/detail/1 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=icm.gov.mo}}</ref> Gina gidan tarihi ya fara ne a watan Maris na 2003 kuma an kammala shi a watan Oktoba na 2004. Daga nan aka bude gidan tarihi a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Handover Gifts Museum |url=https://www.openhousemacau.com/plan/handover-gifts-museum/ |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=Open House Macau |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128004627/https://www.openhousemacau.com/plan/handover-gifts-museum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidan tarihi gini ne mai hawa uku. Bene na farko yana ɗauke da zauren gidan tarihi, ƙofar shiga da ofisoshin gudanarwa. Bene na biyu yana ɗauke da ɗakin nunin kyaututtuka na miƙa kayan tarihi da kuma ɗakin nunin kayan tarihi na musamman. Ɗakin yana hawa na uku. == Nunin Nunin == Gidan adana kayan tarihi yana nuna kyaututtuka masu kyau da ƙabilu 56 na ƙasar Sin suka bayar don murnar kafa yankin musamman na gudanarwa na Macau. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Handover Gifts Museum of Macao |url=https://macaostreets.iam.gov.mo/en/spotdetail/article/krd99ego.html |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=macaostreets.iam.gov.mo |archive-date=28 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728083809/https://macaostreets.iam.gov.mo/en/spotdetail/article/krd99ego.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi a Macau == Manazarta == cfnw6j6bwr13ha8e2t98bmwbc3gbb8y 0 130042 905377 766794 2026-08-21T03:59:24Z BnHamid 12586 905377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marcus Junius Brutus''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 77 KZ) ya kasance mai ba da izini na Jamhuriyar Roma a shekara ta 83 KZ kuma wanda ya kafa mulkin mallaka a Capua . Ya kasance abokin Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, wanda ya jagoranci tawaye a kan majalisar dattijai bayan mutuwar Sulla. Pompey ya kama shi kuma ya kashe shi da cin amana.{{Sfn|Badian|2012}} Shi ne mahaifin [[Marcus Junius Brutus|ɗa mai suna]], wanda ya kashe Julius Kaisar a cikin 44.&nbsp;&nbsp; == Tarihin rayuwa == Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da jama'a a cikin 83 BC.<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Susan Treggiari}}</ref> A lokacin shekarunsa, ya zartar da lissafin kafa mulkin mallaka a Capua . {{Sfn|Broughton|1952}} François Hinard, a cikin Les proscriptions de Rome républicaine, ya yi jayayya cewa an haramta wannan Brutus a cikin haramtacciyar Sullan amma ya tsira ta hanyar mulkin kama karya ta hanyar neman mafaka a Gaul . {{Sfn|Hinard|1985}}&nbsp; A cikin 77 BC, an kafa Brutus, mai yiwuwa a matsayin wakilin, a ƙarƙashin Lepidus a Cisalpine Gaul. {{Sfn|Broughton|1952}}{{Sfn|Tempest|2017}} Ya yi kawance da Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, wanda a matsayin mai ba da shawara yana tayar da hankali kan tsarin mulki na Sulla, yana ba da shawara ga wadanda aka haramta, kuma ya yi adawa da jana'izar Sulla.[7] Lepidus ya juya zuwa tashin hankali kuma ya tara sojoji a kan abokin aikinsa Quintus Lutatius Catulus lokacin da Catulus ya sami nasarar toshe shawararsa.{{Sfn|Flower|2010}} Babu wata shaida da ta nuna cewa ya rike mukamin sarki.{{Sfn|Broughton|1986}}&nbsp; Sojojin Catulus sun ci sojojin Lepidus a waje da Roma. Wasu kafofin sun tabbatar da cewa Pompey ko duka Catulus da Pompey ne ke da alhakin, amma mafi kyawun labaran sun ambaci Catulus kawai. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Susan Treggiari}}</ref> {{Sfn|Golden|2013}} An kafa Brutus a Mutina, inda ya kare sansanin a kan Pompey, wanda majalisar dattijai ta aiko shi don korar shi.{{Sfn|Plut. ''Pomp.''}} Ya tsayayya da hare-haren Pompey na ɗan lokaci, amma daga ƙarshe an mika shi - dakarunsa ko dai sun juya masa ko kuma ya mika wuya da kansa - bayan haka an ba shi izinin fita. Bayan wannan, ya tafi garin Regium Lepidi, inda abokin Pompey na kusa Geminius ya kashe shi. A cewar Plutarch, {{Blockquote|For Brutus, whether he himself betrayed his army, or whether his army changed sides and betrayed him, put himself in the hands of Pompey, and receiving an escort of horsemen, retired to a little town upon the Po. Here, after a single day had passed, he was slain by Geminius, who was sent by Pompey to do the deed.{{sfn|Plut. ''Pomp.''|loc=16.4}}}} Pompey ya aika wa Roma labarin mika wuya da kisa. Majalisar dattijai ta zargi Pompey da aikin cin amana. John Leach, a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa na Pompey, ya kare batun sa ta hanyar jayayya cewa Brutus "watakila ya fara kara goyon baya ga Lepidus (sunan garin ya nuna cewa akwai abokan cinikinsa na gado a can) " don haka Pompey ya "tilasta" ya aika Geminius zuwa Regium Lepidi don sake kama shi da kashe shi. Daga baya za a yi amfani da lamarin a matsayin farfaganda mai adawa da Pompeian don nuna janar din a matsayin "mai yankan matashi".<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Susan Treggiari}}</ref> [[Cicero]] ya nakalto Brutus, wanda ya ce yana da ƙwarewa sosai a cikin doka ta jama'a da ta sirri. == Iyali == Shi ne mijin farko na Servilia, 'yar uwar Cato the Younger. Ɗansa mai suna Servilia shine Marcus Junius Brutus wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu kisan Julius Kaisar . [1][1] Ɗaya daga cikin danginsa na mahaifiyarsa ne ya karɓi mai kisan, ya zama Quintus Servilius Caepio Brutus; idan an haramta wannan Brutus, tallafin zai sami tasirin ɗaga duk wani nakasa na jama'a - mutanen da aka haramta kuma an hana magada su neman mukamin siyasa a Roma - wanda aka watsa wa ɗansa.[1] == Dubi kuma == * Junia mutane * Servilia, matarsa * [[Marcus Junius Brutus]], ɗansa mai suna == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a0195aje4wsgnw09cqxjzievm3wrmat 0 130852 905338 768444 2026-08-20T23:28:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gary Schneider''' (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1954) ɗan asalin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ne mai ɗaukar hoto wanda aka sani da hotunan kansa. A cewar Gidauniyar Tunawa da John Simon Guggenheim, wacce ta ba shi Guggenheim Fellowship a cikin 2013, "aikinsa na farko a cikin zane, wasan kwaikwayo, da fim ya kasance yana da mahimmanci ga bincikensa na hoto. Yana ƙoƙari ya auri fasaha da kimiyya, ainihi da rashin fahimta, siffar da abstraction, jiki da ruhaniya". == Rayuwa da ilimi == An haifi Gary Schneider a Gabashin Landan, Afirka ta Kudu kuma ya girma a [[Cape Town]] . Digirinsa na farko a fannin zane-zane ya fito ne daga Makarantar Fasaha ta Michaelis, [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] kuma digirinsa na biyu ya fito ne daga Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Gary Schneider |url=https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/gary-schneider?all/all/all/all/0 |access-date=December 6, 2019 |publisher=International Center of Photography |archive-date=25 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125202248/https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/constituents/gary-schneider?all/all/all/all/0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokacin da Schneider ya shiga Jami'ar Cape Town a shekarar 1975, ayyukan fasaha na ra'ayi waɗanda suka yi amfani da jiki don bincika yanayin halittu da ɗabi'a sun ba shi hanyar ƙirƙirar da sarrafa sararin samaniyarsa. <ref name="harvard-art">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2017 |title=Schneider/Erdman Printer's Proof Collection of Iconic 1980s and '90s Photographs Acquired by Harvard Art Museums |url=https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/about/press-media/schneidererdman-printers-proof-collection-of-iconic-1980s-and-90s-photographs-acquired-by-harvard-art-museums |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325194256/https://www.harvardartmuseums.org/about/press-media/schneidererdman-printers-proof-collection-of-iconic-1980s-and-90s-photographs-acquired-by-harvard-art-museums |archive-date=March 25, 2020 |access-date=March 23, 2019 |publisher=Harvard Art Museums}}</ref> Schneider ya ƙaura daga Afirka ta Kudu zuwa birnin New York a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, inda ya yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Richard Foreman mai suna Ontological-Hysteric Theatre. A can ya haɗu da John Erdman, abokin aikinsa, wanda ya yi wasa a fina-finai, bidiyo, da wasan kwaikwayo. Sun kafa Schneider/Erdman Inc. a shekarar 1981 "wanda ta haka ne Schneider ya yi fice cikin sauri a matsayin ƙwararren mai buga hotunan wasu masu fasaha." <ref name="harvard-art"/> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1977, Schneider ya yi baje kolinsa na farko shi kaɗai a Artists Space, inda ya yi shigarwa da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan baje kolin, ya ci gaba da yin fina-finai; musamman ma an kammala ''Salters Cottages'' a shekarar 1981. Dashwood Books ta buga wani littafi na hotunan fina-finan ''Salters Cottages'' a shekarar 2019. A shekarar 1998, ya kammala "Genetic Self-Portrait," wani jerin hotuna hamsin da biyar da suka samar da hotuna goma sha huɗu na jikinsa. An nuna aikin a cikin Musée de l'Élysée da ke Lausanne, Switzerland da kuma Cibiyar Daukar Hoto ta Duniya da ke birnin New York da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na Massachusetts . Light Work, Syracuse ne ya buga littafin a shekarar 1999. An ɗora "Hotuna", wani bincike kan aikinsa, a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Harvard a shekarar 2004. Ya yi tafiya zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Zamani da ke Honolulu. Yale Press ta buga kundin zane mai cikakken zane. Aperture ya buga "Nudes" ɗinsa a shekarar 2005 kuma ya nuna hotunan da suka yi daidai a birnin New York. An yi baje kolin ne zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Reykjavik a shekarar 2010. Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Hotuna da ke San Diego ya gina wani baje kolin bincike mai suna "Flesh" a shekarar 2008. HandBook" littafi ne na Schneider na 2010 wanda Aperture ya wallafa kuma Schneider ya buga a wani gidan buga littattafai da ake bugawa akai-akai. "Handbook, South African Artists", aikin Schneider's [[Guggenheim Fellowship]], Fourthwall Books ne ya buga shi a Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 2015. [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==manazarta== 6q4a2a4o6bj2yfr26m6ql3tr6is503q 0 131453 905343 769874 2026-08-21T00:12:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:G_E_Morrison.jpg|thumb|Morrison, a cikin hoto na 1902]]{{Databox}} '''George Ernest Morrison''' (4 ga Fabrairu 1862 - 30 ga Mayu 1920) ɗan jaridar Australiya ne, mai ba da shawara kan siyasa kuma wakilin gwamnatin [[Taiwan|Jamhuriyar Sin]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]], kuma mai mallakar babban ɗakin karatu na Asiya da aka taɓa haɗuwa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Morrison a Geelong, Victoria, Australia . Mahaifinsa George Morrison, wanda ya yi hijira daga Edinkillie, Elgin, Scotland, zuwa Ostiraliya a 1858, shi ne shugaban [[Kwalejin Geelong]] inda Morrison ya yi karatu. George Sr ya auri Rebecca Greenwood, na Yorkshire, a 1859, kuma Morrison shine yaro na biyu na auren. Uku daga cikin kawuna bakwai na Morrison sun kasance rectors na Cocin Presbyterian, kuma biyu daga cikin sauran hudu sun kasance shugaban (Alexander) da kuma master (Robert) na Kwalejin Scotch, Melbourne, inda George Sr ya kuma koyar da lissafi na watanni shida. : 2-4 Wani kawun, Donald Morrison, ya kasance Rector na Kwalejin Glasgow tsakanin 1861 har zuwa 1899.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of The Glasgow Academy {{!}} Alumni |url=https://www.theglasgowacademy.org.uk/alumni/from-our-archives/the-history-of-the-glasgow-academy/ |access-date=2020-09-07 |website=The Glasgow Academy |language=en}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta zinare ta Tarihin Littattafai ta Kwalejin Geelong a 1876 <ref name="Pearl" /> kuma, ɗan wasa ne, Kofin Kwalejin Gielong don gudu a 1878. [1]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maker Unknown |first=State Library of New South Wales |title=Manuscripts, oral history & pictures - State Library of New South Wales |url=http://acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=1195421 |access-date=2016-12-20 |website=acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au |archive-date=2019-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216163143/http://acmssearch.sl.nsw.gov.au/search/itemDetailPaged.cgi?itemID=1195421 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : 5 {{Rp|5}} A shekara 16, Morrison ya yi wa mai binciken Henry Morton Stanley gumaka - sosai, a zahiri, ya rubuta littafi game da binciken Australiya don sha'awarsa. : 6 {{Rp|6}} A lokacin hutu a farkon 1880, kafin karatunsa na sakandare, ya yi tafiya daga shugabannin Queenscliff, Victoria, zuwa [[Adelaide]], yana bin bakin teku, nisan kusan kilomita 650 (960 km) a cikin kwanaki 46. Ya sayar da littafinsa na tafiyar ga ''Jagora'' don guineas bakwai. : 9-10 Duk da cewa ya riga ya yanke shawarar zama "Mai ba da labari na Musamman", <ref name="Pearl" />: 7 da farko ya yi karatun likita a Jami'ar Melbourne. Bayan ya wuce shekara ta farko, dan shekara 18 ya yi hutu a cikin Kogin Murray a cikin jirgin ruwa, ''Stanley'', daga Albury, New South Wales, zuwa bakinsa, nisan kusan kilomita 2,000 (1,243 . Mutumin farko da ya yi haka, <ref name="Pearl" />: 11 ya kammala nisan a cikin kwanaki 65. Ya fi jan hankalin kasada fiye da karatu, ya kasa jarrabawarsa shekaru biyu (wanda daga baya ya kira "ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwata").<ref name="Pearl" /> {{Rp|13}}&nbsp; == Jirgin bawa a ɓoye rahoto, 1882 == A ranar 1 ga Yuni 1882, ya yi tafiya zuwa New Hebrides, yayin da yake yin shigar burtu a matsayin ma'aikatan jirgin bayi na brigantine, Lavinia, na tsawon watanni uku, wanda ya nemi "daukar Kanakas ", a cikin wani shirin bayar da rahoto na ɓoye wanda Morrison ya ƙirƙira don The Age ; mamallakin mai suna David Syme ya yi alƙawarin £1 a kowane shafi ( equivalent to A$152 a shekarar 2022 ), don haka ya dace a yi imani da cewa Morrison yana yin wannan ne a matsayin wani muhimmin abu na ɗabi'a, ba don ƙarfafa gwiwa ta kuɗi ba. [1] :20–21Shiri nasa mai sassa takwas, "A Cruise in a Queensland Slaver. By a Medical Student", an kuma buga shi a cikin mujallar mako-mako, The Leader . An rubuta shi da wani irin mamaki, kuma yana bayyana "mafi sauƙi suka kawai"; watanni shida bayan haka, Morrison "ya sake duba kimantawarsa ta asali," yana bayyana cikakkun bayanai game da aikin baƙi na Lavinia, kuma ya yi Allah wadai da cinikin bayi a Queensland. Rubuce-rubucensa, wasiƙunsa ga editan, da editocin The Age, [2] sun haifar da muhawara mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da sa hannun gwamnati don kawar da abin da, a cewar Morrison, cinikin bayi ne . [1] :20–21[3] [[Fayil:George_Morrison_(1862-1920).jpg|right|thumb|George Morrison (1862-1920) ]] [[Fayil:ExlibrisGEMorrison.jpg|thumb|Tsohon mai ba da labari George Ernest Morrison]] == Manazarta == bfe8rqvr8zonmaar5rlnze0op1s0sxh 0 133945 905361 775128 2026-08-21T03:47:48Z BnHamid 12586 905361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Hastings Banda]], Shugaban Malawi na farko, ya mutu a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1997 a [[Johannesburg]], Afirka ta Kudu. Dubban mutanen Malawi sun taru a [[Lilongwe]] don binne shugaban.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=3 December 1997 |title=Malawians bury Banda |url=https://mg.co.za/article/1997-12-03-malawians-bury-banda/}}</ref> jana'izar ta dauki sama da sa'o'i hudu a Gidan Gwamnati sannan jawabin shugaban kasar, Bakili Muluzi ya biyo baya. Jawabin Muluzi ya kasance tare da bukukuwan addini waɗanda shugabannin kasashe na Afirka suka halarta, musamman Shugaban Zimbabwe, [[Robert Mugabe]], tare da mataimakin shugabansa, [[Joshua Nkomo]], da Shugaban Botswanan Quett Masire. A cikin jawabinsa, Muluzi ya ce baƙin ciki ya kewaye kasar saboda ta rasa daya daga cikin shugabannin da suka fi karfi a tarihinta. Tananga Cecilia Kadzamira, abokiyar Banda ta dogon lokaci, a tsakanin sauran dangi sune na farko da suka shimfiɗa kambi a kan kabarin shugaban.<ref name=":0" /> An ba Banda sunaye daban-daban na jarumi kamar Conqueror, da Almasihu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawi News Online - 12/01/97 |url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/Newsletters/mno_12197.html}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sevenzo |first=Farai |date=2000 |title=Bedtime for Banda |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 |journal=Transition |issue=85 |pages=4–29 |jstor=3137481}}</ref> == Tarihi == Banda ta sha wahala daga gazawar zuciya na shekaru da yawa. An kwantar da shi a asibitin Sarauniya Elizabeth a Blantyre kafin a tura shi Afirka ta Kudu. Banda ya mutu a Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba 1997. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sevenzo |first=Farai |date=2000 |title=Bedtime for Banda |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 |journal=Transition |issue=85 |pages=4–29 |jstor=3137481}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSevenzo2000">Sevenzo, Farai (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 "Bedtime for Banda"]. ''Transition'' (85): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>29. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 3137481].</cite></ref> An kwantar da shi a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1997. Shugabannin kasashe na Afirka sun halarci jana'izar. [[Nelson Mandela]], shugaban Afirka ta Kudu na lokacin, bai halarci jana'izar ba duk da gaskiyar cewa Banda ya aika da gudummawar kudi ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka bayan an saki Mandela daga kurkuku a 1990. Sauran shugabannin Afirka sun halarci jana'izar, ciki har da [[Robert Mugabe]], [[Kenneth Kaunda]], da Joaquim Chissano . <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sevenzo |first=Farai |date=2000 |title=Bedtime for Banda |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 |journal=Transition |issue=85 |pages=4–29 |jstor=3137481}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSevenzo2000">Sevenzo, Farai (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 "Bedtime for Banda"]. ''Transition'' (85): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>29. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 3137481].</cite></ref> == Ayyukan jana'iza da jana'iza == An yi jana'izar Banda a Lilongwe bayan jikinsa ya tashi daga Afirka ta Kudu. Dubban 'yan ƙasar Malawi sun fito ne don nuna girmamawa ta ƙarshe. An kwantar da Banda a ranar 3 ga Disamba 1997. Babban mai ba da kuɗi na MCP, Dokta Hetherwick Ntaba ya yi iƙirarin cewa akwatin da aka binne Banda zai ɗauki sama da ƙarni guda kafin ya fara tsatsa. An ce an sayi akwatin ne daga Amurka kuma an zaba shi don saduwa da embalming da masu jana'izar musamman suka yi a Afirka ta Kudu, inda shugaban ya mutu. Ntaba ya nace cewa an sayi akwatin tagulla don K717,000 (SAR 196,000) zai iya zama har zuwa ƙarni guda ba tare da nuna alamun tsatsa ba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Sevenzo |first=Farai |date=2000 |title=Bedtime for Banda |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/35075/summary |journal=Transition |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=4–29}}</ref> An watsar da akwatin ƙarfe na farko da ke tafiya a kusan K184,000 (SAR 54,000) saboda matsalolin dindindin. An kwantar da jikin kafin a binne shi a cikin kabari don kauce wa duk wani lalacewar gawar shugaban kasa da kuma akwatin gawa don dalilai na tarihi kamar yadda aka binne tsohon shugaban Kenya Jomo Kenyata.[1] A shekara ta 2006, an kafa Mausoleum na Kamuzu. == Masu halarta == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Masu daraja <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sevenzo |first=Farai |date=2000 |title=Bedtime for Banda |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 |journal=Transition |issue=85 |pages=4–29 |jstor=3137481}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSevenzo2000">Sevenzo, Farai (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 "Bedtime for Banda"]. ''Transition'' (85): <span class="nowrap">4–</span>29. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3137481 3137481].</cite></ref> !Kasar !Taken !Sunan |- |{{Flag|Malawi}} |Shugaban kasa |Bakili Muluzi |- |{{Flag|Botswana}} |Shugaban kasa |Quett Masire |- |{{Flag|Mozambique}} |Shugaban kasa |Joaquim Chissano |- | rowspan="2" |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} |Shugaban kasa |[[Robert Mugabe]] |- |Mataimakin Shugaban kasa |[[Joshua Nkomo]] |- |{{Flag|Angola}} |Mataimakin Shugaban kasa |An haife shi a Sousa |- |{{Flag|Zambia}} |Tsohon Shugaban kasa |[[Kenneth Kaunda]] |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l3lvnot8z8axrbiqfl6v66r4vgrxqzv 0 134477 905371 776117 2026-08-21T03:56:07Z BnHamid 12586 905371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Ishaq''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1935) masanin addinin Musulunci ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Bangladesh. Shi mai ba da shawara ne ga Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh kuma mai ba da shawarar tsakiya kuma tsohon Ameer na Khelafat Majlis . Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam kuma daga baya ya zama shugaban reshen gundumar Pabna na Jam'iyyar Nizam-e-Muslim . A lokacin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh a 1971, Ishaq ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren yada labarai na reshen gundumar Pabna na Kwamitin Zaman Lafiya na Gabashin Pakistan kuma ya kasance ministan dimokuradiyya da cin gashin kai na gida a Gwamnatin Gabashin Pakistan ta ƙarshe. Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Bangladesh, sabuwar gwamnati ta daure Muhammad Ishaq saboda hadin gwiwa da Pakistan, amma an sake shi a 1973 a karkashin afuwa. A cikin shekarun 1980s, ya zama memba na Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan da Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis . Bayan rabuwa a cikin Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis, wata ƙungiya da Ishaq ke jagoranta ta kafa wata jam'iyya ta siyasa mai irin wannan sunan a shekara ta 2005. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Muhammad Ishaq a 1935 a ƙauyen Madhupur a cikin Gundumar Pabna, wanda ke arewacin Bengal Presidency, Indiya ta Burtaniya (yanzu a Sujanagar Upazila, Bangladesh). Ya fara aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam . A lokacin rayuwarsa ta dalibi, ya yi aiki a matsayin sakataren talla na reshen gundumar Pabna na Jam'iyyar Nizam-e-Islam . <ref name="শ" /> A shekara ta 1956, ya zama mataimakin shugaban Gabashin Pakistan Jamiat-e-Talaba-e-Arabia, wani dandalin siyasa na daliban Islama, kuma a shekara mai zuwa, <ref name="স" /> ya wuce jarrabawar Kamil daga Sirajganj Haji Ahmad Ali Alia Madrasa .<ref name="শ" /> Daga baya, a 1962, ya kammala karatunsa na biyu a Nazarin Musulunci daga Jami'ar Dhaka kuma ya sami horo a aikin gona da tsaron farar hula.<ref name="স" /> Muhammad Ishaq ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Pabna Kamil Alia Madrasa . <ref name="শ" /> == Ayyuka == An nada shi mataimakin sakatare na reshen lardin Gabas na kungiyar Malaman Madrasa ta Pakistan . A lokacin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh a 1971, ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban reshen gundumar Pabna na Jam'iyyar Nizam-e-Islam kuma a matsayin sakataren talla na Kwamitin Zaman Lafiya na Gabashin Pakistan na gundumar. A watan Satumba a lokacin yakin, an sanya shi minista a Ma'aikatar Malik. A matsayinsa na minista, shi ne ke da alhakin sashen dimokuradiyya da ikon cin gashin kai na gida a Gabashin Pakistan. A cikin zaɓen 1971 na Gabashin Pakistan, an zabe shi ba tare da hamayya ba zuwa mazabar Pabna-12 a Majalisar lardin Gabashin Pakistan . Bayan samun 'yancin kai na Bangladesh, a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1971, Gwamnatin Bangladesh ta kama shi kan zargin hada kai da Pakistan a lokacin yakin. A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1973, an sake shi bayan babban afuwa da gwamnati ta bayar. Daga baya, ya zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan, wanda masanin addinin Musulunci Muhammadullah Hafezzi ya kafa a 1981. Shekaru biyu bayan mutuwar Hafezzi, a cikin 1989, wani bangare na jam'iyyar ya shiga sabuwar jam'iyyar [[Khelafat Majlis]]">Bangladesh Khelafat Majlis karkashin jagorancin Azizul Haque, inda Ishaq ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare da nayeeb-e-ameer.<ref name="ক">{{cite news |date=7 March 2017 |title=প্রার্থীদের জনপ্রিয়তা জরিপ করছে খেলাফত মজলিস |url=https://www.ourislam24.com/2017/03/07/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308142712/http://ourislam24.com/2017/03/07/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0/ |archive-date=8 March 2017 |access-date=22 April 2025 |work=OurIslam24.com |language=bn}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, jam'iyyar ta sami rabuwa, kuma wata ƙungiya da Ishaq ke jagoranta ta kafa wata jam'iyya ta siyasa a ƙarƙashin sunan Khelafat Majlis . Ya zama Ameer na sabuwar jam'iyyar. A cikin 2020, ya zama memba na kwamitin ba da shawara na kungiyar Islama Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shakil |first=Salman Tareq |date=16 November 2020 |title=ভাঙছে হেফাজতে ইসলাম, নতুন কমিটিও আসছে |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/politics/652821/... |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512192613/... |archive-date=12 May 2023 |access-date=23 April 2025 |website=[[Bangla Tribune]] |language=bn}}</ref> Ya kuma riƙe wannan mukamin a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2023 |title=হেফাজতের ২০২ সদস্যের কমিটি ঘোষণা, উপদেষ্টাই ৫৪ |url=https://www.dhakapost.com/politics/219505 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201184656/... |archive-date=1 December 2023 |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=[[Dhaka Post]] |language=bn}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin Ameer na Khelafat Majlish har zuwa 2023, Ishaq ya yi ritaya kuma ya zama babban mai ba da shawara na jam'iyyar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] ru7j4u91j8dzpnb6ci0je4ijh176rbd 0 135577 905376 778107 2026-08-21T03:58:57Z BnHamid 12586 905376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Robert Norman William Blake, Baron Blake''', FBA , FRSL (23 Disamba 1916 - 20 Satumba 2003), [[masanin tarihi]] ne kuma ɗan [[Ingila]] . Ya fi shahara da tarihin rayuwarsa ta 1966 na Benjamin Disraeli, da kuma ''Jam'iyyar Conservative daga Peel zuwa Churchill'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga laccocinsa na Ford na 1968. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Robert Blake a Brundall, Norwich, babban ɗan William Joseph Blake, malamin makaranta, da kuma Norah Lindley Blake, ( née Daynes), 'yar wani babban lauya a Norwich. [1] Kamfanin dangin shine Daynes, Hill & Perks, wanda Eversheds ya saya daga baya. An ce yana da alaƙa da Admiral Robert Blake, na rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Majalisar Dokoki Blake ya yi karatu a wata [[Makarantar Dame|makarantar 'yan mata]] da ke Brundall; Makarantar Norwich ta Sarki Edward VI, inda mahaifinsa ya koyar da Tarihi; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roberts |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Roberts, Baron Roberts of Belgravia |title=Lord Blake |url=http://rslit.org/lord-blake |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130705001839/http://rslit.org/lord-blake |archive-date=5 July 2013 |publisher=[[Royal Society of Literature]]}}</ref> da Kwalejin Magdalen, Oxford, inda ya kasance ƙwararren lauya a Eldon . Ya kammala karatunsa a Oxford da digiri na farko a fannin manyan mutane na zamani da kuma ɗan wasan hockey Blue . Ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka yi zamani da shi a Oxford shi ne Sir Keith Joseph . Blake ya yi shirin zuwa mashaya . Duk da haka, lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya ɓarke, an tura shi aikin soja a Royal Artillery, inda ya ƙi tayin da abokinsa ya yi masa na shiga MI5 . An kama shi a lokacin da [[Siege of Tobruk|aka kewaye Tobruk]] a shekarar 1942, ya tsere daga Italiya a shekarar 1944, kuma an ambace shi a cikin aika aika . Ya yi aiki a MI6 daga 1944 zuwa 1946, inda shi abokin aiki ne na Kim Philby . == Aikin ilimi == A shekarar 1947 ya zama ɗalibi (aboki) kuma malami a fannin Siyasa a Cocin Christ, Oxford, inda ya maye gurbin Lord Pakenham, wanda ya shiga gwamnatin Clement Attlee . Aikinsa na farko shi ne bugu na takardun Douglas Haig, wanda ya yi aiki sosai don dawo da martabar Haig. Bayan haka, sai aka rubuta tarihin Bonar Law, wanda aka rubuta bisa gayyatar Lord Beaverbrook, mai aiwatar da shari'a. Shahararrun ayyukan Blake sune littafinsa na ''Disraeli'' na shekarar 1966, wanda ya ƙunshi tarihin rayuwar Benjamin Disraeli, wanda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "mafi kyawun tarihin rayuwar kowane firayim ministan Birtaniya" da kuma "mafi kyawun tarihin rayuwar kowa a kowace harshe". An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Burtaniya a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan ya yi watsi da wani aiki don tarihin rayuwar Lord Derby, a shekarar 1970 ya buga ''The Conservative Party from Peel to Churchill'', wani tarihin jam'iyyar Conservative bisa laccocin Ford na 1968. Daga baya aka fadada aikin don rufe lokacin har zuwa lokacin da [[Margaret Thatcher]] ta hau karagar mulki, sannan daga baya ta [[John Major]] . A shekarar 1968 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Sarauniya, Oxford, inda ya riƙe muƙamin har zuwa lokacin ritaya a shekarar 1987. A ranar 17 ga Mayu 1971, bisa shawarar Firayim Minista Edward Heath, an naɗa Blake a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a matsayin '''Baron Blake''', na Braydeston a Gundumar Norfolk . A Majalisar Iyaye ya hau muƙamin shugaban masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. A shekarar 1972 ya mayar da jawabinsa a matsayin martani ga Jawabin Sarauniya . ''Tarihin Rhodesia'' (1977) a cewar Kenneth O. Morgan, "ainihin bincike ne kan mulkin fararen fata, wanda ya ƙare da maganganu masu kaifi kan gwamnatin Ian Smith ta ɓalle, inda ra'ayoyin Blake suka yi tasiri sosai kan abotarsa da Garfield Todd mai sassaucin ra'ayi da 'yarsa". Yana ba da karatu mai ban sha'awa tare da ''littafin Rainbow on the Zambezi'' (1953) na Don Taylor. A shekarar 1987, an zaɓi Lord Blake a zaɓen neman kujerar Kansila ta Oxford, amma Roy Jenkins ya sha kaye, duk da cewa ya kayar da Edward Heath a zaɓen da ya gabata. Blake ya ji haushin yadda Majalisar Ministocin ƙasar ta yanke shawarar amincewa da Heath, kuma ta janye daga Oxford. A shekarar 1990, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana tarihi da suka kafa Ƙungiyar Manhajar Tarihi. Ƙungiyar ta ba da shawarar a samar da manhajar tarihi mai tushen ilimi a makarantu. Ta bayyana "babban damuwa" game da yadda ake koyar da tarihi a cikin aji kuma ta lura cewa ana barazana ga amincin tarihi. A shekarar 1992 Blake ya gabatar da laccar Romanes ta shekaru 100 a kan "Gladstone, Disraeli da Sarauniya Victoria". Blake ya shafe shekaru da yawa yana da babban memba (Jami'ar tana da alhakin yanke hukunci kan rikice-rikicen cikin gida kamar zarge-zargen magudin zabe) na Ƙungiyar Masu Ra'ayin mazan jiya ta Jami'ar Oxford . == Siyasa == Tare da nazarin tarihin 'yan Conservative, Blake ɗan siyasa ne na Conservative, kuma ya hau kan kujerar shugabancin jam'iyyar Conservative a Majalisar Dattawa. Ya kare gwamnatin Birtaniya a lokacin rikicin Suez kuma a rayuwarsa ta baya ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya . Duk da haka, ya kasance mai goyon bayan wakilcin daidaito, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Gyaran Zaɓe . <ref name=":0" /> Ya kuma yi tawaye kan Dokar Laifukan Yaƙi . <ref name=":0" /> Lord Blake ya yi adawa da manufar Jam'iyyar Labour na kawar da takwarorinsu na gado a Majalisar Dattawa. A lokacin da yake rubuta shekara guda kafin babban zaɓen 1997, ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Rushe kuri'un gado ... ana zargin cewa mataki na farko ne na manufar maye gurbin Majalisar Dattawa ta zaɓe don majalisar da ke akwai. A halin yanzu za mu sami mafi girman rikici a kowane lokaci: Majalisar da membobinta za su ɗauki nauyin kujerunsu ne kawai don goyon bayan Firayim Minista na baya ko na yanzu. Ko da a matsayin matakin wucin gadi, wannan ba zai zama abin da ba a so ba, kuma tabbas babu wani ci gaba a cikin tsarin da ake da shi a yanzu. Tsarin gado, komai lahani na hankali, yana haifar da wasu mutane masu ra'ayoyi masu zaman kansu da kuma wasu waɗanda suka fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yadda ake yi a cikin 'yan majalisa na matsakaicin shekaru ... Ina tsammanin bayan cimma mataki na farko, wanda zai ƙunshi lokaci mai yawa na majalisa da jayayya mai yawa, Majalisar Labour za ta tsaya kan aikinta kuma ta dage duk wani shiri na majalisar zaɓe na tsawon shekaru da yawa. Akwai matsaloli masu yawa da suka shafi - ikonta, tsarin zaɓe, da kuma sama da duka alaƙa da Majalisar Wakilai, wanda tabbas zai yi fushi da ƙirƙirar wata ƙungiya mai ikirarin daidaiton dimokuraɗiyya. </blockquote> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Matattun 2003]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cvlhx5s3uut034qh13a4by55ux254d0 0 135885 905092 890152 2026-08-20T15:07:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elena Panaritis''' (Girkanci) masanin tattalin arziki ne, [[Kasuwancin zamantakewa|ɗan kasuwa na zamantakewa]], kuma tsohuwar 'yar siyasa da aka sani da aikinta a cikin tattalin arziki da sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka. Ta kasance memba na Majalisar Girka kuma ta rike mukamin ba da shawara a Bankin Duniya, inda ta haɓaka samfuran don haɗa tattalin arzikin da ba na al'ada ba a cikin kasuwar al'ada, musamman a Peru. A matsayinsa na wanda ya kafa Thought for Action (T4Action), Panaritis yana ba da shawara ga manufofi da ke inganta hada tattalin arziki da nuna gaskiya a cikin tattalin arziki mai tasowa da wahala. == Rayuwa ta farko da karatu == An haifi Elena Panaritis a Athens, Girka.<ref>Former MPs, [[Hellenic Parliament]] Archives</ref> Ta yi karatun Tattalin Arziki a Kwalejin Amurka ta Girka, ta kammala karatu tare da BA a shekarar 1989, kuma ta ci gaba zuwa Jami'ar Bologna [[Italiya]], don samun digiri na biyu a Tattalin Ruwa na Duniya, a shekarar 1990. A shekara ta 1992, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki na kasa da kasa da nazarin Turai daga Makarantar Nazarin Kasa da Kasa ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins kuma a shekara ta 2003 ta sami digiri ya biyu a fannonin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga INSEAD . A lokacin karatunta, Panaritis ta mayar da hankali kan ka'idar tattalin arziki, kudi na kasa da kasa, da tattalin arzikin ma'aikata, fannoni waɗanda daga baya za su zama tushen aikinta kan haƙƙin mallaka da sake fasalin tattalin arziki. Ilimi a Johns Hopkins ya fallasa ta ga ra'ayoyin duniya game da manufofin tattalin arziki, wanda ya haifar da sha'awar amfani da kayan aikin tattalin arziki don magance abubuwan da ke haifar da talauci da ci gaba. == Bankin Duniya == Panaritis ya fara aiki a Bankin Duniya, Washington, DC, a cikin 1991, a matsayin mai sharhi na yanki. A matsayinta na Mataimakin Jami'in Kasar na Peru, ta kula da shirye-shiryen mallakar jihar da sake fasalin bashin. Ta kuma taimaka wajen tsara yanayin da aka amince da shi tare da ƙasashen Latin Amurka, kamar Brazil, Peru, da Venezuela, don ba da rance na gyare-gyare, gyare- gyare-shiryen kasafin kuɗi da keɓancewa. A matsayinta na kwararren kwararren kula da bangarorin jama'a / masu zaman kansu a Bankin Duniya, Panaritis ya yi aiki, a tsakanin sauran shirye-shirye, a kan sake fasalin haƙƙin mallaka a [[Filipin|Philippines]], da kuma sake fasalin shari'a a [[Trinidad da Tobago]], kuma ya tsara yanayin rancen dala miliyan 100 ga [[Moroko|Maroko]]. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2023}} ==Ilimi== Tun daga shekarar 2001, Panaritis malama ce daga wata makaranta (visiting lecturer) da ke koyawa a Makarantar Wharton ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite book |last=Panaritis |first=Elena |title=Prosperity Unbound: Building Property Markets With Trust |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2007 |doi=10.1057/9780230596221 |isbn=978-1-4039-9346-5 |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1057/9780230596221 |access-date=2026-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=CV |url=https://www.elenapanaritis.com/cv/ |website=Elena Panaritis |access-date=2026-03-03 |archive-date=2025-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251017143437/https://www.elenapanaritis.com/cv/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] loqt2amy6bcw50j6mj0kirhsh2vqsdd 0 136269 905074 779384 2026-08-20T14:26:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Edward Oakley Thorp''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Agusta, 1932) farfesa ne na lissafi na Amurka, marubuci, manajan asusun hedge, kuma mai bincike kan blackjack . Ya fara amfani da ka'idar yiwuwa ta zamani, gami da amfani da ƙananan alaƙa don samun riba mai inganci. Thorp shine marubucin ''Beat the Dealer'', wanda ya tabbatar da cewa za a iya shawo kan fa'idar gida a blackjack ta hanyar ƙidayar kati . Ya kuma ƙirƙiro kuma ya yi amfani da dabarun asusun shinge masu inganci a kasuwannin kuɗi, kuma ya yi haɗin gwiwa da Claude Shannon wajen ƙirƙirar kwamfuta ta farko da za a iya sawa . <ref> name="wearcomp1">{{Cite web |last=Edward O. Thorp |title=The Invention of the First Wearable Computer |url=http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528182202/http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=April 26, 2010 |publisher=Edward O. Thorp & Associates}}</ref> Thorp ya sami digirin digirgir na uku a fannin lissafi daga Jami'ar California, Los Angeles a shekarar 1958, kuma ya yi aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) daga 1959 zuwa 1961. Farfesa ne a fannin lissafi daga 1961 zuwa 1965 a Jami'ar Jihar New Mexico . Daga nan ya shiga [[Jami'ar California, Irvine]] inda ya kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi daga 1965 zuwa 1977 kuma farfesa ne a fannin lissafi da kuɗi daga 1977 zuwa 1982. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2018 |title=Founding professor of math donates personal, professional papers to UCI Libraries |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/06/12/founding-professor-of-math-donates-personal-professional-papers-to-uci-libraries/ |website=UCI News |publisher=UC Irvine}}</ref> == Bayani ==   An haifi Thorp a Chicago, amma ya koma kudancin California tun yana ƙarami. Ya ƙware a fannin kimiyya tun yana ƙarami kuma sau da yawa yana yin gwaje-gwajen da ya ƙirƙira. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan masu aiki da rediyo na amateur lokacin da aka ba shi takardar shedar yana da shekaru 12. Thorp ya ci gaba da lashe guraben karatu ta hanyar yin fice a gasannin sinadarai da kimiyyar lissafi (wani lokaci ya kai shi ga ganawa da Shugaba Truman ), daga ƙarshe ya zaɓi halartar UC Berkeley don digirinsa na farko. Duk da haka, ya koma UCLA bayan shekara guda, yana da babban digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Daga ƙarshe ya biyo baya da digirin digirgir a fannin lissafi a UCLA. Ya haɗu da matarsa Vivian a shekararsa ta farko a UCLA. Sun yi aure a watan Janairun 1956. == Binciken da aka taimaka wa kwamfuta a blackjack == Thorp ya yi amfani da IBM 704 a matsayin kayan bincike domin ya binciki yiwuwar cin nasara yayin da yake haɓaka ka'idar wasansa ta blackjack, wadda ta dogara ne akan ka'idar Kelly, wadda ya koya game da ita daga takarda ta 1956 ta Kelly. Ya koyi Fortran ne domin ya tsara daidaiton da ake buƙata don samfurin bincikensa na ka'ida kan yuwuwar cin nasara a blackjack. Thorp ya yi nazari sosai kan wasan blackjack ta wannan hanyar, yayin da yake tsara tsare-tsaren ƙirga kati tare da taimakon IBM 704 don inganta damarsa, <ref> name="Elwyn article">{{Cite web |title=American Scientist online: Bettor Math, article and book review by Elwyn Berlekamp |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/47321%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa9har2OmrE7K |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423023948/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/47321%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa9har2OmrE7K#47646 |archive-date=April 23, 2007 |access-date=2006-03-18}}</ref> musamman kusa da ƙarshen katin da ba a sake yin wani abu ba bayan kowace yarjejeniya. === Binciken da aka yi amfani da shi a gidajen caca === Thorp ya yanke shawarar gwada ka'idarsa a aikace a Reno, Lake Tahoe, da [[Las Vegas]], [[Nevada]] . <ref> name="Elwyn article">{{Cite web |title=American Scientist online: Bettor Math, article and book review by Elwyn Berlekamp |url=http://www.americanscientist.org/template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/47321%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa9har2OmrE7K |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070423023948/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/47321%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa9har2OmrE7K#47646 |archive-date=April 23, 2007 |access-date=2006-03-18}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070423023948/http://www.americanscientist.org/template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/47321%3Bjsessionid%3Daaa9har2OmrE7K#47646 "American Scientist online: Bettor Math, article and book review by Elwyn Berlekamp"]. Archived from the original on April 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ([[:Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown]]</ref> Thorp ya fara bincikensa na amfani da dala 10,000, tare da Manny Kimmel, ƙwararren mai kuɗi kuma tsohon mai yin fare, wanda ke ba da jarin kasuwanci. Da farko sun ziyarci cibiyoyin Reno da Lake Tahoe inda suka gwada ka'idar Thorp a teburin blackjack na gida. Sakamakon gwaji ya yi nasara kuma an tabbatar da ka'idarsa tunda ya lashe dala 11,000 a ƙarshen mako guda. A matsayin wani mataki na rama hanyoyinsa, gidajen caca yanzu suna tarawa tun kafin ƙarshen benen ya kai. A lokacin ziyararsa ta gidan caca a Las Vegas, Thorp ya saba amfani da kayan ɓoye kamar gilashin wraparound da gemu na ƙarya. Baya ga ayyukan blackjack, Thorp ya haɗa ƙungiyar baccarat wacce ita ma ta yi nasara. Labarai sun bazu cikin sauri a cikin al'ummar caca, waɗanda ke sha'awar sabbin hanyoyin cin nasara, yayin da Thorp ya zama sananne nan take tsakanin masoyan blackjack. Saboda yawan buƙatar da ake da ita game da yaɗa sakamakon bincikensa ga masu sauraron caca da yawa, ya rubuta littafin ''Beat the Dealer'' a shekarar 1962 (an sabunta shi sosai a shekarar 1966), wanda aka yi la'akari da shi a matsayin jagorar asali don ƙidayar kati, <ref>name="Hero">{{Cite web |title=Blackjack Hero profile |url=http://www.blackjackhero.com/blackjack/players/edward-thorp/ |access-date=2010-04-26 |publisher=Blackjackhero.com}}</ref> wanda ya sayar da kwafi sama da 700,000, adadi mai yawa don taken musamman wanda ya ba shi matsayi a cikin jerin mafi kyawun siyarwa <nowiki><i id="mwfA">na New York Times</i></nowiki>, wanda ya ɓata wa Kimmel rai wanda aka ɓoye asalinsa a cikin littafin a matsayin Mr. X. Binciken blackjack na Thorp [1] yana ɗaya daga cikin misalai kaɗan inda sakamakon irin wannan binciken ya isa ga jama'a kai tsaye, wanda ya wuce tsarin bitar takwarorinsa na ilimi na yau da kullun. Ya kuma bayyana cewa ya ɗauki gwajin gaba ɗaya a matsayin aikin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, Thorp, yayin da yake farfesa a fannin lissafi a MIT, ya haɗu da Claude Shannon, kuma ya kai shi da matarsa Betty Shannon a matsayin abokan hulɗa a ƙarshen mako zuwa Las Vegas don yin wasan roulette da blackjack, inda Thorp ya yi nasara sosai. Wasan roulette na ƙungiyarsa shine misali na farko na amfani da kwamfuta mai ɗaukuwa a gidan caca - wani abu wanda yanzu haramun ne, tun daga ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1985, lokacin da dokar na'urorin Nevada ta fara aiki a matsayin matakin gaggawa da ke kai hari ga na'urorin blackjack da roulette. <ref> name="wearcomp1">{{Cite web |last=Edward O. Thorp |title=The Invention of the First Wearable Computer |url=http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528182202/http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf |archive-date=May 28, 2008 |access-date=April 26, 2010 |publisher=Edward O. Thorp & Associates}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEdward_O._Thorp">Edward O. Thorp. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080528182202/http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf "The Invention of the First Wearable Computer"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Edward O. Thorp & Associates. Archived from [http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/courses/mobwear/resources/thorp-iswc98.pdf the original] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on May 28, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> An haɓaka kwamfutar da ake sawa tare da Claude Shannon tsakanin 1960 da 1961. Ya dogara ne akan wasu masu aiki guda biyu, inda ɗaya zai kalli tayar kuma ya yi amfani da yatsansa don shigar da ƙarar ƙafafun, ɗayan kuma zai karɓi saƙo a cikin nau'in sautunan kiɗa ta hanyar belun kunne da aka ɓoye. Ta hanyar yin fare akan ƙungiyoyin lambobi maƙwabta akan tayar za su iya samun isasshen fa'ida don samun riba. An gwada sigar aiki ta ƙarshe ta na'urar a dakin gwaje-gwaje na gidan Shannon a ginshiƙin gininsa a watan Yunin 1961. <ref>name="wearcomp1" /> Dangane da nasarorin da ya samu, Thorp ya kasance memba na farko na Blackjack Hall of Fame . <ref name="Las Vegas Advisor">{{Cite web |last=Anthony Curtis |title=Las Vegas Advisor on Ed Thorp |url=http://www.lasvegasadvisor.com/QODcontributordetail.cfm?authorID=161 |access-date=2010-04-26 |publisher=Lasvegasadvisor.com |archive-date=2009-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090830142816/http://www.lasvegasadvisor.com/QODcontributordetail.cfm?authorID=161 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma ƙirƙiro "ƙidayar Thorp", wata hanya ta ƙididdige yiwuwar cin nasara a wasu matsayi na ƙarshe a [[Backgammon|wasan backgammon]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2018 |title=Founding professor of math donates personal, professional papers to UCI Libraries |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/06/12/founding-professor-of-math-donates-personal-professional-papers-to-uci-libraries/ |website=UCI News |publisher=UC Irvine}}</ref> Kamfanin Villa Crespo Software ne ya buga littafin ''Edward O. Thorp mai suna Real Blackjack'' a shekarar 1990. <ref> name="CGW82">{{Cite magazine|url-status=53–54}}</ref> == Kasuwar hannun jari == Tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1960, Thorp ya yi amfani da iliminsa na [[Yiwuwar abu (Lissafi)|yiwuwar]] da ƙididdiga a kasuwar hannun jari ta hanyar gano da kuma amfani da wasu kurakurai na farashi a kasuwannin tsaro kuma ya sami babban riba. Asusun farko na Thorp shine Princeton/Newport Partners daga 1969 zuwa 1989 bisa ga Kasuwar Neutral Derivatives Hedging. Asusunsa na biyu ana kiransa Ridgeline Partners kuma ya fara daga Agusta 1994 zuwa Satumba 2002 bisa ga sulhu na ƙididdiga . An rufe wannan asusun shinge galibi saboda dawowar dabarun sulhu na ƙididdiga ya yi ƙasa tun 2002. A halin yanzu shi ne Shugaban [[Edward O. Thorp & Associates]], wanda ke Newport Beach, California. A watan Mayu 1998, Thorp ya ba da rahoton cewa jarin da ya saka a kansa ya samar da matsakaicin kashi 20 cikin ɗari na ribar da aka samu a kowace shekara tsawon shekaru 28.5. <ref name="Market">{{Cite web |title=Thorp's market activities |url=http://webhome.idirect.com/~blakjack/edthorp.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031090504/http://webhome.idirect.com/~blakjack/edthorp.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2005 |access-date=2010-04-26 |publisher=Webhome.idirect.com}}</ref> Thorp ya rubuta labarai da yawa game da farashin zaɓi, ƙa'idar Kelly, dabarun sasantawa na ƙididdiga (jerin sassa 6), da kasuwannin da ba su da inganci. A shekarar 1991, Thorp ya kasance mai shakku game da ribar da Bernie Madoff ya samu a fannin saka hannun jari, wanda aka tabbatar da cewa ta hanyar zamba ne a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2018 |title=Founding professor of math donates personal, professional papers to UCI Libraries |url=https://news.uci.edu/2018/06/12/founding-professor-of-math-donates-personal-professional-papers-to-uci-libraries/ |website=UCI News |publisher=UC Irvine}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == * Edward Thorp, (1964) ''Kayar da Mai Cin Nasara: Dabaru Mai Nasara ga Wasan Ashirin da Ɗaya'', * Edward O. Thorp, Sheen T. Kassouf, (1967) ''Kayar da Kasuwa: Tsarin Kasuwar Hannun Jari ta Kimiyya'', ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20181005112201/http://accountingpdf.com/beat-the-market-by-edward-o-thorp/ pdf na kan layi], an dawo da shi a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2017) * Edward O. Thorp, ''Elementary Probability'', 1977, * Edward O. Thorp, ''Lissafi na Caca'', 1984, (sigar kan layi [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204836/http://edwardothorp.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/tog1.pdf kashi na 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121114174038/http://www.edwardothorp.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/tog2.pdf kashi na 2], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121114174045/http://www.edwardothorp.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/tog3.pdf kashi na 3], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121114174051/http://www.edwardothorp.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/tog4.pdf kashi na 4] ) * Ma'aunin Zuba Jari na Kelly Capital Growth: Ka'ida da Aiki (Littafin Jagorar Kimiyya na Duniya a Tsarin Tattalin Arzikin Kuɗi), , 10 ga Fabrairu, 2011 ta Leonard C. MacLean (Edita), Edward O. Thorp (Edita), William T. Ziemba (Edita) * (Tarihin Rayuwa) Edward O. Thorp, (2017) ''[http://edwardothorp.com/id32.html Mutum Mai Duk Kasuwa: Daga Las Vegas zuwa Wall Street, Yadda Na Kayar da Dillalin da Kasuwa]'' * Tsarin William Poundstone (2005) ''na Fortune: Labarin da ba a Faɗa ba game da Tsarin Fare na Kimiyya wanda ya doke Gidajen Caca da Wall Street'' == Duba kuma == * Baƙaƙe-Scholes * Dawaki Huɗu na Apocalypse - waɗanda suka samo asali dabarun blackjack * Lissafi na wasanni * Ma'aunin Kelly * Abin da ke da ban mamaki game da Proebsting * Richard A. Epstein == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jfdoxy30odn734623h1oghxuzwrn9ny 0 136366 905432 888044 2026-08-21T06:20:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sheikh Hadith Maulvi Habibullah Agha Sab''' (Pashto) Ministan Ilimi ne na [[Afghanistan|Masarautar Musulunci ta Afghanistan]] . Yana daga cikin ƙungiyar Taliban mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma mai aminci na [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Habibullah Agha a Vach Bakhto, Shah Wali Kot, Kandahar a cikin 1954 ko 1955. Ya sami ilimin Islama na asali a ƙauyensa. Agha ya ci gaba da karatun Islama mafi girma a Pakistan. == Ayyuka == A karkashin gwamnatin Taliban ta farko (1996-2001), Agha alƙali ce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kuma zama mai ba da shawara na musamman na [[Mullah Omar]] da kuma jagoran ruhaniya na Taliban. A ranar 21 ga Satumba 2022, [[Hibatullah Akhundzada]] ya nada Agha a matsayin ministan ilimi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> An dauki nadin sa a matsayin koma baya ga ci gaban ilimin mata. Ya fara aiki a matsayin ministan ilimi a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 22 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, ya ba da haramtacciyar doka ta wucin gadi ga makarantar mata da darussan ilimi sama da maki shida.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fakhri |first=Kreshma |title=Taliban also ban girls from private educational centres |url=https://zantimes.com/2022/12/22/taliban-also-ban-girls-from-private-educational-centres/ |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=zantimes |publisher=Zan Times}}</ref> == Ra'ayoyi == Agha tana adawa da zargi da aka yi wa jami'an gwamnatin Taliban. Ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a faɗi zargi a ofishin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Hukunce-hukunce na Duniya == A ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2023, [[Tarayyar Turai]] ta ba da izini ga Habibullah Agha a matsayin jami'in gwamnati da ke da alhakin cin zarafin 'yancin ɗan adam a Afghanistan ta hanyar gabatar da manufofin ƙin samun damar samun ilimin sakandare ga' yan mata, don haka hana su yin amfani da haƙƙinsu na ilimi da kuma kada a nuna musu wariya bisa ga jinsi da kuma kara ware mata daga cikin al'ummar Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: Taliban appoints hardline education minister in further blow to female education |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=newarab.com |publisher=AFP |agency=AFP |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212121516/https://www.newarab.com/news/afghanistan-taliban-appoints-hardline-education-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] emy3i0978v36voyrg5vmlw3aspx4qjt 0 136600 905365 779898 2026-08-21T03:50:54Z BnHamid 12586 905365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Mawlawi|Maulvi]] Qudratullah Panjshiri''' (Dari) yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar mayakan [[Taliban]] a Afghanistan kuma ya kasance Gwamna Lardin Panjshir daga Satumba 2021 zuwa Yuni 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resistance to the Taliban resumes in north-eastern Afghanistan |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/06/30/resistance-to-the-taliban-resumes-in-north-eastern-afghanistan |website=The Economist}}</ref> An kama shi a watan Fabrairun 2023 ta gwamnatin Taliban kan zargin zama memba na Daular Islama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2023 |title=Taliban commander in Panjshir arrested for ISKP membership |url=https://kabulnow.com/2023/02/taliban-commander-in-panjshir-arrested-for-iskp-membership/ |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=KabulNow}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bg6vg4cl1jp23nqfygqkhst3jbflrra 0 138930 905440 785049 2026-08-21T06:57:01Z Zahrah0 14848 905440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Zuzana Čaputová (Slovak pronunciation; née Strapáková; an haife ta a ranar 21 ga watan Yunin shekara ta alif 1973) 'yar siyasa ce ta Slovakia, lauya kuma mai fafutukar kare muhalli wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Slovakia na biyar daga 2019 zuwa 2024. Čaputová ita ce mace ta farko da ta rike shugabancin, da kuma ƙaramar shugaban kasa a tarihin Slovakia, an zabe ta tana da shekaru 45.[1]sksksk == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Čaputová a cikin iyalin ma'aikata a Bratislava . [1][2] Ta girma a garin Pezinok da ke kusa, a cikin abin da ke Czechoslovakia na shekaru ashirin na farko na rayuwarta.[2] Čaputová ta bayyana yadda ta girma a matsayin ta faru a cikin "gidan da ke da hankali".[1] Čaputová ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Comenius a Bratislava, ta kammala karatu a shekarar alif 1996. [2][3] Tsakanin 1998 da 1999 ta kammala tsarin horo "Janar - Gudanar da Canji" kuma a cikin 1999 ARK - Matsakaici, wanda Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Slovakia ta amince da shi.[4] == Farkon aiki == Bayan kammala karatunta, Čaputová ta yi aiki a karamar hukumar Pezinok, da farko a matsayin mataimaki a sashen shari'a, sannan daga baya a matsayin mataimakin magajin garin. Daga baya ta koma cikin bangaren da ba na riba ba a Open Society Foundations, inda ta kula da gudanarwar jama'a da batun cin zarafin yara. Daga baya, ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan aikin a kungiyar jama'a ta EQ Klub kan ci gaban al'umma. Tsakanin 2001 da 2017, Čaputová ta yi aiki tare da Via Iuris, ƙungiyar jama'a, a matsayin lauya (tun daga 2010), da kuma [[Greenpeace]] kan shirin kamfen. A Pezinok, sama da shekaru goma, ta kasance a kan gaba a kamfen ɗin jama'a game da izinin wani zubar da shara wanda zai kara gurɓata ƙasa, iska, da ruwa a cikin birni da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi. Yakin da aka yi da wurin zubar da shara ya ƙare a cikin 2013, lokacin da Kotun Koli ta Slovakia ta yanke hukuncin cewa sabon wurin zubar ba bisa ka'ida ba ne kuma ya keta ka'idojin muhalli. Čaputová ta gudanar da kamfaninta na lauya kuma ta rubuta da kuma hada hannu da wallafe-wallafe da yawa. Ita 'yar'uwa ce ta Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (ELAW), cibiyar sadarwa ta [[Dokar muhalli|Lauyoyin muhalli]] da lauyoyi. == Ayyukan siyasa == A matsayinta na mamba mai kafa jam'iyyar Progressive Slovakia, jam'iyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi wacce ba ta majalisa ba, Čaputová ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugabanta har zuwa watan Maris na 2019, bayan haka ta yi murabus saboda takarar shugaban kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Čaputová ita ce dan takarar jam'iyyar a Zaben shugaban kasa na Slovakia na 2019 kuma ta ci gaba da zama shugaban kasa a zagaye na biyu, bayan ta samu sama da kashi 58% na kuri'un kuma ta doke abokin hamayyarta Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Maroš Šefčovič, mai zaman kansa wanda jam'iyyar Smer-SD mai rinjaye ta goyi bayansa. == Shugabancin == [[Fayil:Rozhovor_Zuzana_Čaputová_po_odvolení.jpg|thumb|Čaputová tana magana da manema labarai a lokacin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa, 2019]] A wani taron manema labarai da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga Maris 2018, Čaputová ta sanar da takarar shugabancin Slovak a zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 a matsayin dan takarar Progressive Slovakia . Robert Mistrík, wani mai karfi, ya janye daga tseren kuma ya amince da ita a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Ta ce ta ji an tilasta ta tsaya takarar shugaban kasa bayan kisan Ján Kuciak, ɗan jarida mai bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> [[Fayil:Robert_Mistrík_odstupuje_z_prezidentskej_kampane-IMG_0804-SF.jpg|thumb|Čaputová da Robert Mistrík, da farko mai tsere wanda ya janye daga tseren kuma ya goyi bayanta]] Čaputová ta lashe zagaye na farko na zaben a ranar 16 ga Maris 2019, tare da kashi 40.57% na kuri'un. Daga nan sai ta doke abokin hamayyarta na biyu, Maroš Šefčovič, da kusan 58% zuwa 42% a zagaye na biyu a ranar 30 ga Maris 2019. Yawan masu jefa kuri'a a zagaye na biyu na kashi 41.79% kawai shine mafi ƙasƙanci ga kowane zagaye na jefa kuri'u a wannan nau'in zabe a Slovakia. Adadin kuri'un da aka zaba Čaputová a ofis kuma shine mafi ƙasƙanci ga duk wani shugaban Slovak da aka zaba kai tsaye har zuwa yau. An rantsar da ita a matsayin shugaban kasa a ranar 15 ga Yuni 2019 a lokacin wani zaman na musamman na Majalisar Kasa a [[Bratislava]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> An kiyasta ta a matsayin mafi amintacciyar 'yar siyasa a kasar a duka 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> da 2021, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> tare da kashi 83% da 58% na' yan ƙasa da aka bincika suna cewa sun gan ta a matsayin mai aminci, bi da bi. Wani zabe na Disamba 2019 a Jamhuriyar Czech makwabta ya nuna cewa tana da mafi girman amincewa a can (hanzarin 54%, rashin amincewa da 18%) fiye da Shugaba mai ci Miloš Zeman (hanzarina 46%, rashin amincewar 50%). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Wani zabe a ƙarshen Mayu 2022 ya ba da rahoton cewa kashi 15% na masu jefa kuri'a za su "tabbata" jefa mata kuri'a, tare da ƙarin kashi 34% suna la'akari da jefa mata kuriʼa a zaben shugaban kasar Slovak na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> A cikin 2023, an ambaci Čaputová a matsayin dan takara mai yuwuwa don maye gurbin Sakatare Janar na [[NATO]] Jens Stoltenberg bayan da ake sa ran ya yi ritaya a wannan shekarar. A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2023, Čaputová ta ba da sanarwar cewa ba za ta sake tsayawa takara ba, inda ta ambaci damuwa da manyan rikice-rikicen hudu suka haifar a lokacin mulkinta: annobar COVID-19, yakin Rasha a Ukraine, rikicin makamashi, da hauhawar farashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Shugaba na Czech Petr Pavel ya yi sharhi game da shawarar da ta yanke tare da nadama da wanda ya riga ta Andrej Kiska tare da baƙin ciki. Irin wannan matsayi ya bayyana ta hanyar jam'iyyun tsakiya da tsoffin jam'iyyu. 'Yan adawa da SMER-SSD, HLAS-SD, da SNS suka jagoranci sun yi maraba da shawarar da ta yanke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> == Matsayi na siyasa == [[Fayil:Slovak_President_Zuzana_Čaputová_called_for_a_defence_of_democracy_and_European_values_-_52439716705.jpg|thumb|Čaputová ta yi magana da Majalisar Tarayyar Turai a 2022]] [[Fayil:Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Slovakia,_September_2023_(KBG_GPO7600).jpg|thumb|Čaputová tare da Shugaban Isra'ila Isaac Herzog a Fadar Grassalkovich, 2023]] === Daidaitawa === A shafin yanar gizon kamfen dinta, Čaputová ta ce "adalci a Slovakia ba koyaushe ba ne ya shafi kowa daidai". Dangane da maganganunta a lokacin yakin neman zabe, tana shirin gabatar da canje-canje ga 'yan sanda da tsarin shari'a na Slovakia. Ta yi kamfen don rundunar 'yan sanda ta zama cibiyar mai zaman kanta ba tare da tasirin siyasa ba, karkashin jagorancin kwararren mai son kai tare da tabbatar da sabis. Ta ci gaba da da iƙirarin cewa ya zama dole a canza ofishin mai gabatar da kara zuwa cibiyar gudanar da jama'a.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Volebný program |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/program/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512004056/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/program/ |archive-date=12 May 2019 |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=zuzanacaputova.sk}}</ref> === Muhalli === Čaputová mai fafutukar [[Kare Muhalli|Kare muhalli]] ce wacce aka kwatanta da mai fafutuka na Amurka Erin Brockovich . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> [[Rage canjin yanayi]] yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ta fi fifiko, kuma saboda wannan dalili tana kawo karshen tallafi ga kwal da sauran burbushin burbushin. Čaputová ta yi alkawarin kawar da hakar kwal da samar da wutar lantarki nan da shekara ta 2023, kuma ta kawo al'ummarta cikin Powering Past Coal Alliance . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Čaputová ta yi ikirarin cewa kare muhalli ya kamata ya hada da dakatar da sare daji ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma cewa kashi 5% na yankin da ya fi dacewa da muhalli dole ne ya kasance a matsayin yanki mai kariya sosai.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Volebný program |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/program/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512004056/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/program/ |archive-date=12 May 2019 |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=zuzanacaputova.sk}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190512004056/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/program/ "Volebný program"]. </cite></ref> === Hakkin LGBT === Čaputová ta bayyana cewa tana tallafawa haɗin gwiwa don ma'aurata masu jinsi ɗaya, da kuma ilimantar da jama'a game da waɗannan dangantakar. A cikin tattaunawar da ''Sme'' ta shirya, ta ba da lacca game da yiwuwar tallafi ta ma'aurata masu luwadi: "Na fi son yaron ya sami mahaifiyar halitta da mahaifin halitta. Idan ya girma a cikin kulawa ta ma'aikata, ina tsammanin zai fi kyau tare da mutane biyu masu ƙauna, koda kuwa suna da jinsi ɗaya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> === Zubar da ciki da haƙƙin haihuwa === Čaputová ta goyi bayan kiyaye halin da ake ciki game da zubar da ciki da haƙƙin haihuwa, tana cewa: "Idan akwai matsanancin yanayi kuma matsalar tana tsakanin yanke shawara ko karɓar ƙa'idar doka da za ta shiga rayuwar 'yan ƙasa ko barin ta ga alhakin mata da zaɓin kansu, na zaɓi alhakin mace".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Čaputová ta sake aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. Tana yin Zen yoga.<ref name="fp-candidate">{{Cite web |last=Kalan |first=Dariusz |date=28 March 2019 |title=Can Zuzana Caputova Save Slovakia? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/28/can-zuzana-caputova-save-slovakia-smer-kocner-kuciak-sefcovic/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401044705/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/28/can-zuzana-caputova-save-slovakia-smer-kocner-kuciak-sefcovic/ |archive-date=1 April 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Foreign Policy}}</ref> Čaputová ta ci gaba da zama a Pezinok a lokacin shugabancinta. <ref name="nyt-won" /> == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == [[Fayil:Nancy_Pelosi_Goldman_prize_2016.jpg|thumb|Čaputová (na uku daga dama) tare da sauran masu lashe kyautar Goldman ta 2016, tare da 'yar siyasar Amurka [[Nancy polosi|Nancy Pelosi]] .]] Don jagorancinta mai ƙarfi da ƙuduri game da batun zubar da shara na Pezinok, an ba Čaputová kyautar Goldman Environmental a cikin 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Wadanda suka lashe wannan kyautar an zaba su ne ta hanyar juriya ta duniya da masana daga ko'ina cikin duniya waɗanda suka bambanta kansu don samun tasiri mai dorewa da mahimmanci akan kare muhalli. An ba da kyautar Goldman ga Čaputová a [[San Francisco]]. An kwatanta gwagwarmayarta mai tsawo da kuma nasarar da ta yi da na Amurka Erin Brockovich. Rubutun kyautar ya bayyana cewa an ba ta lambar yabo saboda "yaƙin neman zaɓe na rashin jinkiri game da buɗe wurin zubar da shara a garin Pezinok, wanda, idan aka buɗe shi, zai kara kara haɗarin lafiyar jiki kuma zai ba da gudummawa ga gurɓata birane".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Don nuna godiya ga kokarin da ta yi wa dimokuradiyya ta Turai, an ba Čaputová lambar yabo ta Turai don Al'adun Siyasa a watan Agustan 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> A shekara ta 2023, an ba ta Kyautar Kaiser Otto . <ref name="Sachsen-Anhalt">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2024 |title=Verleihung des Kaiser-Otto-Preises: Ministerpräsident Haseloff würdigt Zuzana Čaputová |url=https://europa.sachsen-anhalt.de/internationales/aktuelle-meldungen/aktuelle-meldungen/verleihung-des-kaiser-otto-preises-ministerpraesident-haseloff-wuerdigt-zuzana-caputova |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=Landesportal Sachsen-Anhalt |language=de}}</ref> A cikin 2023, an sanya ta a matsayi na 84 a cikin jerin ''Forbes'' na Mata 100 mafi iko a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref> Čaputová an kuma gane ta a matsayin daya daga cikin Mata 100 masu tasiri a cikin Oncology ta OncoDaily . == Daraja == === Darajar ƙasa === * : Dokar Andrej Hlinka {{Flag|Slovakia}} * : Dokar Ľudovít Štúr <ref name="honours" />{{Flag|Slovakia}} * : [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Slovakia#Milan Rastislav Štefánik Cross|Milan Rastislav Štefánik Cross]] <ref name="honours" />{{Flag|Slovakia}} * : Pribina Cross <ref name="honours" />{{Flag|Slovakia}} === Darajar kasashen waje === * : Babban Gicciye na Order of the Redeemer (6 Satumba 2022) {{Flag|Greece}} * : Babban Gicciye na Order of the Netherlands Lion (7 Maris 2023) {{Flag|Netherlands}} * : Dokar Yarima Yaroslav mai hikima (9 Maris 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref>{{Flag|Ukraine}} * : Mai karɓar Order of the White Eagle (16 Afrilu 2024) {{Flag|Poland}} * Austria: Babban Taurari na Kyautar Daraja don Ayyuka ga Jamhuriyar Austria (29 Mayu 2024) {{Flag|Austria}} * : Babban Gicciye tare da Collar na Order of the White Lion (12 Yuni 2024) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331204409/https://www.zuzanacaputova.sk/files/podklady/Zuzana_profil.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Zuzana Čaputová}}</ref>{{Flag|Czech Republic}} == Hoton hoto == <gallery> Fayil:Shinzo_Abe_and_Zuzana_Čaputová_at_the_Enthronement_of_Naruhito_(1).jpg|Čaputová with Japanese Prime Minister [[Shinzo Abe]] at the Akasaka Palace, [[Tokyo]], 2019 Fayil:Wizyta_Prezydent_Republiki_Słowacji_(48290026111).jpg|Čaputová with Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki, in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]] on 15 July 2019 Fayil:Зустріч_Президента_України_з_Президентом_Словацької_Республіки_у_Києві_34.jpg|Čaputová with Ukrainian President [[Volodymyr Zelensky|Volodymyr Zelenskyy]], in [[Kiev|Kyiv]] on 31 May 2022 Fayil:Jill_Biden_met_with_Zuzana_Čaputová_at_the_Grassalkovich_Palace_in_2022_(1).jpg|Čaputová with the first lady of the United States Jill Biden in the Grassalkovich Palace, 2022 Fayil:P20230222AS-0625_(52735381715).jpg|Čaputová with U.S. President [[Joe Biden]], Romanian President Klaus Iohannis and Polish President Andrzej Duda at the Bucharest Nine summit in [[Wosaa|Warsaw]], 2023 Fayil:Family_photo_of_the_2023_Vilnius_Summit.jpg|Family photo of the NATO Summit in [[Vilnius]] with Zuzana Čaputová, 2023 </gallery> == Dubi kuma ==   * Jerin zaɓaɓɓun shugabannin mata da gwamnatoci * Jerin tafiye-tafiye na kasa da kasa da Zuzana Čaputová ta yi == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Slovak) {{S-start}} {{S-off}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[President of Slovakia]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}}{{Zuzana Čaputová}}{{SlovakPresidents}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cceilzv07ovjdnot3y8kheqglwzk5f6 0 139323 905590 827427 2026-08-21T11:37:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hindi Olympiad Foundation''' (HOF) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a [[New Delhi]], [[Indiya]]. An kafa shi a cikin 2018, tushe yana aiki don inganta harshen Hindi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi da al'adu a matakin ƙasa da na duniya.<ref>https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/education/news/hindi-olympiad-foundation-has-brought-new-opportunities-for-students-heres-how-to-take-advantage-369549</ref> Ƙungiyar tana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa ilmantarwa na harshe, karatu da rubutu na dijital, da kuma shiga cikin ilimi tsakanin ɗaliban makaranta, tare da jaddadawa kan ilmantarwa mai gasa fiye da tsarin karatun makaranta.<ref>https://indianembassyusa.gov.in/News?id=249939</ref> == Tarihi da manufofi == Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi, Gidauniyar Olympiad ta Hindi ta yi niyyar tallafawa ci gaba da karɓar yaren Hindi. An kuma tsara ayyukanta don samar da ɗalibai da malamai da dandamali waɗanda suka haɗu da ƙwarewar harshe, kerawa, da ci gaban ilimi.<ref>https://www.patrika.com/bhilwara-news/there-will-be-competition-in-every-school-to-make-hindi-language-popular-19573039</ref> == Shirye-shirye da shirye-shirye == == Wasannin Olympics na Hindi na Duniya == I'''nternational Hindi Olympiad''' ("'IHO"') jarrabawar shekara-shekara ce da tushe ke gudanarwa ga ɗalibai daga aji 1 zuwa 12. Ana gudanar da gasar Olympics a matakai uku: * Matsayin makaranta * Matsayin yanki * Matsayin ƙasa da ƙasa<ref>https://www.hindiolympiad.com/about-us</ref> An yi niyyar gasar ne don tantance ƙwarewar harshen Hindi da fahimta yayin inganta shiga cikin ilimi a yankuna daban-daban.<ref>https://www.indembassybern.gov.in/section/news/international-hindi-olympiad-2024-and-amrit-kumbh-samman-2024-by-hindi-olympiad-foundation/</ref> == Amrit Kumbh Samman == '''Amrit Kumbh Samman''' ("'AKS"') gasa ce ta shekara-shekara da aka shirya don shugabannin makaranta da malamai. Shirin yana ba malamai dandamali don nuna aikin fasaha da kirkira.  <ref>https://eoilima.gov.in/news_detail.php?newsid=585</ref> Ana gudanar da AKS a karkashin tsarin Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav da Amrit Kaal.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cgibirmingham.gov.in/news/display/2483 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-01-30 |archive-date=2026-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260201185152/https://cgibirmingham.gov.in/news/display/2483 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sanarwa == Shirye-shiryen Gidauniyar Olympiad ta Hindi sun sami amincewa daga cibiyoyin kamar Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje, Ma'aikatu ta Tsaro, da hukumomin ilimi ciki har da Hukumar Kula da Ilimi ta Tsakiya (CBSE) da Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan.<ref>https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/meerut/story-students-shine-at-international-hindi-olympiad-2025-cab-inter-college-achievements-201767121762085.html</ref><ref>https://www.amarujala.com/shimla/shiv-shakti-school-promising-in-hindi-olympiad-bilaspur-hp-news-c-19-1-60460-2023-02-15</ref> == Wanda ya kafa == Gidauniyar Olympiad ta Hindi ta kafa ta '''Hemlata''' wanda ke aiki a matsayin wanda kuma ya kafa ta kuma mai shirya ta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jaipur-hindi-olympiad-exam-will-be-held-for-the-first-time-in-rajasthan-children-will-be-honored-at-national-level-8672711.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-01-30 |archive-date=2024-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208083303/https://hindi.news18.com/news/rajasthan/jaipur-hindi-olympiad-exam-will-be-held-for-the-first-time-in-rajasthan-children-will-be-honored-at-national-level-8672711.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category: Kungiyoyi]] [[Category: Kungiyoyi Masu Zaman Kansu]] l6tiev9g2pffamnvxg3hfcm3vjqipw2 0 139982 905561 897173 2026-08-21T10:56:13Z Zahrah0 14848 905561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Alexa Irene Canady''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta alif 1950) tsohuwar likitar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa ce ta Amurka, malamar likitanci, kuma mai fafutukar kare lafiyar jama'a. Ita ce mace 'yar [[Afirkawan Amurka|asalin Afirka]] ta farko a Amurka da ta sami takardar shaidar hukumar kula da cututtukan jijiyoyin kwakwalwa. <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}</ref> A shekarar 1987, an nada ta a matsayin shugabar tiyatar jijiyoyin kwakwalwa a Asibitin Yara na [[Michigan]], inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2001. <ref name="NIH" /> Baya ga aikin tiyatar da ta fara, Canady kuma farfesa ce a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar masu haɓaka tsarin hana siphon shunt don maganin hydrocephalus. <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Alexa Irene Canady a Lansing, Michigan a shekarar alif 1950 ga Clinton Canady Jr., likitan haƙori, tsohuwar tsohuwar soja [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], kuma ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Fisk da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Meharry . Mahaifiyarta, Elizabeth Hortense Canady, malami ce kuma shugabar kare haƙƙin jama'a wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙasa ta 18 ta Delta Sigma Theta Sorority kuma ta taimaka wajen kafa Gidauniyar Bincike da Ilimi ta Delta. <ref name="WatchTheYard">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2018 |title=The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta |url=https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Watch the Yard}}</ref> Iyaye biyu sun jaddada mahimmancin juriya, ladabi, da ilimi, dabi'un da suka dasa wa Alexa da ƙanenta, Clint Canady III. <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Duk da fuskantar wariyar launin fata a lokacin karatunta na farko, Canady ta yi fice a fannin ilimi kuma ta kammala karatunta da girmamawa daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Lansing Everett a shekarar 1967, inda aka karrama ta a matsayin dalibar Nasara ta Ƙasa. <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Michigan <ref>{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Alexa Irene Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_53.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> kuma da farko ta yi karatun digiri a fannin lissafi amma daga baya ta koma fannin ilmin dabbobi bayan wani lokaci na rashin tabbas game da alkiblar karatunta. <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1971, ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya kuma ta zama memba na Delta Sigma Theta . <ref name="WatchTheYard">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2018 |title=The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta |url=https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Watch the Yard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta"]. ''Watch the Yard''. February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> A lokacin kwaleji, shiga cikin shirin bazara na ɗaliban tsiraru a fannin likitanci ya taimaka wajen ƙarfafa shawararta ta neman aikin likita. <ref name="Canady2023" /> Canady ta kammala karatun digiri na farko tare da MD daga Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1975 kuma an shigar da ita cikin Alpha Omega Alpha, ƙungiyar girmamawa ta likitanci ta ƙasa. <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="WatchTheYard">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2018 |title=The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta |url=https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Watch the Yard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta"]. ''Watch the Yard''. February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> [[Fayil:University_of_Michigan_August_2013_081_(Medical_Science_Building_II_and_Buhl_Research_Center).jpg|alt=Medical Science Building II and Buhl Research Center, University of Michigan Medical Campus, Ann Arbor|thumb|Cibiyar Bincike ta Kimiyyar Lafiya ta II da Buhl, Jami'ar Michigan Medical Campus, Ann Arbor]] == Sana'u'i== [[Fayil:Childrens_Hospital_of_Michigan_-_Troy.jpg|alt=Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Troy campus|thumb|Asibitin Yara na Michigan, harabar Troy.]] Bayan ta sami digirin digirgir, Canady ta fara karatun digiri na biyu da aikin tiyata a Asibitin Yale-New Haven daga 1975 zuwa 1976. Da farko, Canady ta fuskanci wahala wajen samun damar yin aikin tiyata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Alexa Irene Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_53.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> Duk da fuskantar wariyar launin fata - gami da korar ta daga wasu a matsayin "kunshin damar daidai gwargwado" - ta sami girmamawa daga abokan aikinta kuma an zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu horon asibiti. <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady"]. ''National Library of Medicine''. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ta ci gaba da kammala karatunta na tiyatar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar [[Minnesota]] a shekarar 1981, inda ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta fara horo kuma ta cancanci shiga fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi. <ref name="CanadyPMID">{{Cite journal |last=McClelland |first=S 3rd |date=April 2008 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: the first African-American woman neurosurgeon |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-national-medical-association_2008-04_100_4/page/439 |journal=J Natl Med Assoc |volume=100 |issue=4 |pages=439–443 |doi=10.1016/s0027-9684(15)31279-7 |pmid=18481485}}</ref> Canady ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a Asibitin Henry Ford da ke Detroit kafin ta shiga Asibitin Yara na Michigan, inda ta kafa tarihi. A shekarar 1984, ta zama mace 'yar asalin Amurka ta farko da ta samu takardar shaidar aikin tiyatar jijiyoyi. A shekarar 1987, an naɗa ta shugabar tiyatar jijiyoyi a Asibitin Yara, mukamin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2001. <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady"]. ''National Library of Medicine''. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Bayan ta yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001 ta koma [[Florida]], Canady ta sami buƙatar likitan tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a Asibitin Sacred Heart na Pensacola, wanda babu ko ɗaya. Saboda haka, Canady ta fito daga ritaya ta taimaka wajen haɓaka sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a Asibitin Sacred Heart na Pensacola har sai da aka kammala shi a shekara ta 2012, lokacin da ta yi ritaya a hukumance. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Alexa Irene Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_53.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> Baya ga ayyukanta na asibiti, Canady ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi a Jami'ar Jihar Wayne, <ref name="BrownSpotlightCanady">{{Cite web |title=Black History Month Spotlight – Alexa Canady |url=https://sociology.brown.edu/sites/default/files/documents/Black_History_Month_Spotlight-Alexa_Canady.pdf |access-date=July 30, 2025 |publisher=Brown University Department of Sociology |format=PDF}}</ref> inda ta taimaka wajen horar da sabbin likitocin tiyatar jijiyoyi da kuma ba da gudummawa ga binciken tiyatar jijiyoyi na yara da ci gaban ilimi. [[Fayil:HenryFordHospitaldetroit.jpg|alt=Exterior view of Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit|thumb|Asibitin Henry Ford da ke Detroit, Michigan — ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya na ilimi a Midwest.]] == Bincike da kirkire-kirkire == Aikin binciken Canady ya mayar da hankali kan lahani na kashin baya da aka haifa, hydrocephalus, ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa, da raunin kai. <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady"]. ''National Library of Medicine''. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ita ce mai ƙirƙira tsarin hana siphon da za a iya tsarawa wanda aka tsara don magance hydrocephalus, yanayin da yawan ruwan cerebrospinal ke taruwa a cikin ventricles na kwakwalwa. Na'urar ta ba da damar daidaita matsin lamba ba tare da ƙarin tiyata ba kuma ta taimaka wajen rage matsalolin da ke tattare da yawan magudanar ruwa. Ya haɗa da hanyoyin hana siphon da fasalulluka na shirye-shirye waɗanda suka ba da damar kula da ruwan cerebrospinal mafi aminci da keɓaɓɓu ga marasa lafiya na yara. An ba da izinin mallakar na'urar a shekarar 2000 kuma aka ba ta ga Jami'ar Jihar Wayne, inda Canady ta yi aiki a matsayin farfesa kuma shugabar sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara. [[Fayil:Old_Main_WSU_-_Detroit_Michigan.jpg|alt=Old Main building at Wayne State University|thumb|''Tsohon Babban'' Gini a Jami'ar Wayne State da ke Detroit, Michigan.]] == Tunani == Waɗannan kalamai masu zuwa sun ƙunshi muhimman jigogi daga tunani da hirarrakin Dr. Canady, kamar yadda aka samu a cikin tarihin rayuwarta ta Cibiyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa : {{Blockquote|Dr. Canady’s interest in medicine began after a summer experience in Dr. Art Bloom’s genetics lab and clinic, where the hands-on exposure inspired her to pursue a medical career.<br />— ''Alexa Canady''<ref name="NIH" />}}{{Blockquote|One of her biggest hurdles was pushing past doubts—both from herself and others—that she could complete neurosurgical training. She focused on proving she was capable and deserving of the opportunity.<br />— ''Alexa Canady''<ref name="NIH" />}} == Gado da tasiri == Aikin Dr. Canady a matsayin mace 'yar [[Afirkawan Amurka|asalin Amurka]] ta farko da ta fara aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa ya taimaka wajen ƙara gani da wakilci a fannonin tiyatar jijiyoyi da [[Ilimin likita|ilimin likitanci]] . <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady"]. ''National Library of Medicine''. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Nasarorin da ta samu sun magance bambance-bambancen launin fata da jinsi na dogon lokaci, suna ƙarfafa ƙananan tsiraru da ba su da wakilci sosai su shiga aikin likitanci, musamman fannonin tiyata . <ref name="ChangeFace">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_52.html |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> A cikin aikinta a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi na yara, ta ba da fifiko ga kulawa mai mayar da hankali kan marasa lafiya kuma ta tallafa wa horar da ɗaliban likitanci da mazauna wurin. <ref name="NIH" /> <ref name="WatchTheYard">{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2018 |title=The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta |url=https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Watch the Yard}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.watchtheyard.com/deltas/first-black-woman-neurosurgeon-united-states-delta-sigma-theta/ "The First Black Woman Neurosurgeon in the U.S. Is a Member of Delta Sigma Theta"]. ''Watch the Yard''. February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> {{Blockquote|If you do good work, the rest doesn’t matter.<br />— ''Alexa Canady''<ref name="NIH" />}} == Ritaya da kuma shekarun baya == Bayan ta yi ritaya daga shugabancinta a Detroit a shekarar 2001, Canady ta koma Pensacola, Florida tare da mijinta, tsohon soja a rundunar sojojin ruwa. Duk da cewa da farko ta yi niyyar yin ritaya gaba daya, karancin likitocin jijiyoyin yara a yankin ya sa ta shiga cikin ma'aikatan Asibitin Sacred Heart (Pensacola) na ɗan lokaci. Ta ci gaba da ba da kulawa har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya gaba daya a shekarar 2012. Da take tunani game da aikinta, Canady ta lura cewa bayan ta janye daga aikin likitanci ne ta fara fahimtar tasirin nasarorin da ta samu ga mata da kuma 'yan Afirka da ke kallonta a matsayin wadda ta fi kowa iya jagoranci. [[Fayil:Pensacola_SacHt_Hosp01.jpg|alt=Historic Sacred Heart Hospital in Pensacola, Florida|thumb|An kammala ginin Asibitin Historic Sacred Heart da ke Pensacola, Florida a shekarar 1915 kuma an sanya shi a cikin Rijistar Wurare na Tarihi na Ƙasa.]] == A cikin al'adun jama'a == [[Fayil:Nih_national_library_of_medicine_(1).jpg|thumb|266x266px|Laburaren Magunguna na Ƙasa, harabar NIH, Bethesda, Maryland]] Alexa I. Canady ta shahara a cikin shirin buɗe ƙofofin karatu na ƙasa na Laburaren Magunguna '': Zamantakewa na ƙwararrun likitocin Afirka ta Amurka'' . <ref name="NLMOpeningDoors">{{Cite web |title=Alexa I. Canady, M.D.: Opening Doors Biography |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/opening-doors/bio_Alexa_Canady.html |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Opening Doors: Contemporary African American Academic Surgeons |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" |Kyauta ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Ƙungiya ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Shekara ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Bayani |- | Malamin Shekara | Asibitin Yara na Michigan | 1984 | ''Abokan aiki sun amince da shi saboda ilimin likitanci'' | <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> |- | Kyautar Candace don Kimiyya | Hadin Kan Ƙasa na Mata Baƙaƙe 100 | 1986 | ''Don nasarorin da suka samu a fannin tiyatar jijiyoyi'' | <ref name="CandaceAward1986">{{Cite web |date=1990 |title=Candace Award Recipients 1982–1990 |url=http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314021634/http://www.ncbw.org/programs/award1.html |archive-date=2003-03-14 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Coalition of 100 Black Women |publisher=NCBW}}</ref> |- | Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Michigan | Cibiyar Tarihi ta Mata ta Michigan da kuma Zauren Shahara | 1989 | ''Mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta fara aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa'' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Alexa Irene Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_53.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> |- | Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa | Ƙungiyar Matan Likitoci ta Amurka | 1993 | ''Amincewa da ƙwarewarta ta likitanci'' | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Kyautar Sabis Mai Kyau | Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Wayne | 1994 | ''Muhimmin gudummawa ga aikin tiyatar jijiyoyi'' | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Jinƙai | Jami'ar Detroit Mercy | 1997 | ''Don hidimar jama'a da jagorancin likita'' | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Digirin girmamawa na Kimiyya | Jami'ar Jihar Kudancin Connecticut | 1999 | ''Don gudunmawa ga likitancin ilimi'' | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Likitan girmamawa na Haruffan Jinƙai | Jami'ar Roosevelt | 2014 | ''Gado a fannin ilimi mai zurfi'' | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Wanda aka karrama a watan Tarihin Baƙar fata | Nickelodeon | 2015 | ''Jakar gajeriyar waka tana murnar gadonta'' | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine {{!}} Alexa Irene Canady |url=https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_53.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> |} == Jagoranci, membobinsu, da kuma sanin ƙwarewa == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" |Matsayi / Memba ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Ƙungiya ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Bayanan kula ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Shekara(s) ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Ambato |- | Shugaban tiyatar jijiyoyi | Asibitin Yara na Michigan | ''Jagoranci babban sashen tiyatar jijiyoyin yara a wani babban asibiti na ilimi'' | 1987–2001 | <ref name="Canady2023">{{Cite journal |last=Eliahu |first=Jake |last2=Popal |first2=Zubair |last3=Thibault |first3=Tristan |last4=Bragin |first4=Maxim |last5=Karsy |first5=Michael |year=2023 |title=Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 |journal=Journal of Clinical Neuroscience |volume=119 |pages=92–94 |doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=July 29, 2025 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEliahuPopalThibaultBragin2023">Eliahu, Jake; Popal, Zubair; Thibault, Tristan; Bragin, Maxim; Karsy, Michael (2023). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1878875023007490 "Alexa Irene Canady: First female African American neurosurgeon"]</span>. ''Journal of Clinical Neuroscience''. '''119''': <span class="nowrap">92–</span>94. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013|10.1016/j.jocn.2023.07.013]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> |- | Farfesa na tiyatar jijiyoyi | Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Jihar Wayne | ''Ya koyar da mazauna wurin tiyata da ɗaliban likitanci yayin da yake aiki a matsayin shugaban asibiti'' | 1987–2001 | <ref name="Canady2023" /> |- | Memba | Majalisar Likitocin Jijiyoyi | ''Ƙungiyar ƙwararru ta ƙasa don likitocin jijiyoyin jini'' | nd | <ref name="NIH">{{Cite web |title=Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html |archive-date=November 17, 2004 |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=National Library of Medicine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20041117184839/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html "Changing the Face of Medicine: Dr. Alexa I. Canady"]. ''National Library of Medicine''. Archived from [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_53.html the original] on November 17, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> |- | Memba | Ƙungiyar Kula da Jijiyoyin Jiki na Yara | ''Mai da hankali kan kula da jijiyoyin yara da tiyata'' | nd | <ref name="NIH" /> |- | Memba | Ƙungiyar Likitocin Jijiyoyi ta Amurka | ''Babbar ƙungiyar ƙwararrun likitocin jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ta Amurka'' | nd | <ref name="NIH" /> |- |} == Littattafai da aka zaɓa == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" |Shekara ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Lakabi ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Mujallar Jarida ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Marubutan haɗin gwiwa ! style="background:#d0e7ff;" | Bayanan kula |- | 2000 | Hydrocephalus da Kaolin ya haifar a cikin hamster: Jerin canje-canje na ɗan lokaci a cikin matsin lamba na intracranial, ventriculomegaly, da nauyi na musamman na kwakwalwa gaba ɗaya | ''Gwajin Jijiyoyin Jijiyoyi'' | Ding Y, Yao B, Canady AI, Wilber GP | ''Tsarin dabbobi na hydrocephalus da yanayin motsa jiki na intracranial'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12815932_Kaolin-induced_hydrocephalus_in_the_hamster_Temporal_sequence_of_changes_in_intracranial_pressure_ventriculomegaly_and_whole-brain_specific_gravity .] |- | 2001 | Lalacewar axonal da ke da alaƙa da faɗaɗa ventricles yayin hydrocephalus: Nazarin shigar azurfa | ''Binciken Jijiyoyi'' | Ding Y, McAllister JP, Yao B, Canady AI | ''Nazarin lalacewar jijiyoyi yayin hydrocephalus'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11799368_Axonal_damage_associated_with_enlargement_of_ventricles_during_hydrocephalus_A_silver_impregnation_study .] |- | 2001 | Ilmin Motsa Jiki Nakasa a Yara Masu Ciwon Hydrocephalus | ''Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara'' | Ding Y, Lai Q, McAllister JP, Canady AI | ''Binciken ƙarancin koyon motsa jiki a cikin yara masu fama da matsalar hydrocephalic'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11979191_Impaired_Motor_Learning_in_Children_with_Hydrocephalus .] |- | 2001 | Maganin Hydrocephalus na Yanzu | ''Kwata-kwata na tiyatar jijiyoyi'' | Sood S, Ham SD, Canady AI | ''Sharhin hanyoyin magani da sakamakon hydrocephalus'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232105139_Current_Treatment_of_Hydrocephalus .] |- | 2001 | Canje-canje a Matsayin Matsayi a Matsi a Cikin Kwanya a Marasa Lafiya da Aka Rufe Kullum | ''Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara'' | Barami K, Sood S, Ham SD, Canady AI | ''Bincike kan daidaita matsin lamba a cikin kwakwalwa ga marasa lafiya da ba su da ƙarfin gwiwa'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12258050_Postural_Changes_in_Intracranial_Pressure_in_Chronically_Shunted_Patients .] |- | 2001 | Kimanta Matsalar Shunt Ta Amfani da Ma'ajiyar Wurin Shunt | ''Tiyatar Jijiyoyin Yara'' | Barami K, Canady AI, Ham SD, Sood S | ''Kimanta aikin shunt ta amfani da dabarun tafki'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12379521_Evaluation_of_Shunt_Malfunction_Using_Shunt_Site_Reservoir .] |- | 2004 | Canje-canje a cikin cututtukan cututtukan cerebrovascular a cikin marasa lafiya da ke shan maganin shunt na yau da kullun | ''Mujallar tiyatar jijiyoyi'' | Sood S, Kumar CR, Jamous MA, Canady AI | ''Bincike kan bin ƙa'idodin cerebrovascular a cikin maganin shunt'' [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8423537_Pathophysiological_changes_in_cerebrovascular_distensibility_in_patients_undergoing_chronic_shunt_therapy .] |} == Tsarin lokaci == '''Tatsuniya'''     == Duba kuma == * Likitan jijiyoyin yara * Mata 'yan Afirka-Amurka a fannin likitanci * Delta Sigma Theta * ''Ƙofofin Buɗewa: Likitocin Likitan Baƙar fata na Zamani na Amurka'' ** LaSalle D. Leffall Jr. ** Charles R. Drew ** Rosalyn P. Scott ** [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/aframsurgeons/ Nunin hukuma - Laburaren Magunguna na Ƙasa na Amurka] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ilcl16jeoxkblrcjrkcgwxxchwo2o7j 0 140560 905543 855810 2026-08-21T10:05:50Z Zahrah0 14848 905543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Asa Akira''' (an haife ta a shekarar alif 1984 ko shekara ta alif 1985 ) ' yar wasan fina-finan batsa ce ta Amurka, marubuciya kuma daraktan fina-finai na manya. Akira ta fito a fina-finan manya 689 tun daga watan Yunin shekarar 2023. A shekarar 2013, ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta uku aAsiya (bayan Asia Carrera da Stephanie Swift) da ta lashe kyautar AVN Female Performer of the Year . Akira ta dauki nauyin bikin farko da na biyu na [[Pornhub|bikin Pornhub]] . An shigar da ita cikin AVN Hall of Fame, XRCO Hall of Fame, Urban X Hall of Fame, da Brazzers Hall of Fame. == Rayuwar farko == 'Yar asalin birnin New York ce, <ref> name="Rutter 2008">{{Cite web |last=Rutter |first=Jared |date=June 24, 2008 |title=Vouyer Media Ships Asa Akira Release |url=https://avn.com/news/video/vouyer-media-ships-asa-akira-release-91248 |access-date=October 2, 2025 |website=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]}}</ref> Akira ta girma a cikin dangin matsakaicin aji kuma ta halarci makarantu masu zaman kansu a New York da Japan. Ta zauna a Tokyo na tsawon shekaru huɗu kafin ta koma Amurka a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (October 2025)">ana buƙatar tabbatarwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Asa shine ainihin sunanta na farko, wanda ke nufin "safiya" a cikin Jafananci. An kuma ɗauko sunan mahaifiyarta na ƙwararru daga fim ɗin anime ''na Akira'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulie K. |date=October 3, 2013 |title=Catching the Fever of Asa Akira |url=http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2013/10/strip-club-feature-asa-akira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003131133/http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2013/10/strip-club-feature-asa-akira/ |archive-date=October 3, 2014 |website=Xtreme |type=interview}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Aikin batsa === Akira ta fara aiki a matsayin mai iko tun tana 'yar shekara 19. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilcox |first=Adam |date=May 9, 2012 |title=XXX Wasteland Exclusive Interview: Asa Akira |url=http://xxxwasteland.wordpress.com/2012/05/09/xxx-wasteland-exclusive-interview-asa-akira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713025826/http://xxxwasteland.wordpress.com/2012/05/09/xxx-wasteland-exclusive-interview-asa-akira/ |archive-date=July 13, 2012 |website=XXX Wasteland}}</ref> Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai rawa a Hustler Club da ke New York. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Dan |date=March 16, 2012 |title=XBIZ TV: 'Insatiable' Asa Akira Goes From Dominatrix to Performer of the Year |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/145736 |access-date=July 28, 2013 |website=XBIZ}}</ref> A tsakanin 2006–2007 ta kasance mai yawan shiga shirin rediyo ''na Bubba da Love Sponge'' kuma an san ta da "Show Whore". <ref name="Rutter 2008">{{Cite web |last=Rutter |first=Jared |date=June 24, 2008 |title=Vouyer Media Ships Asa Akira Release |url=https://avn.com/news/video/vouyer-media-ships-asa-akira-release-91248 |access-date=October 2, 2025 |website=[[AVN (magazine)|AVN]]}}</ref> Fim ɗinta na farko tsakanin maza da mata yana tare da Travis Knight don Gina Lynn Productions, bayan ta riga ta yi wasanni da dama tsakanin mata da maza, galibi tare da Lynn. <ref name="Rutter 2008" /> Daga nan ta sanya hannu kan kwangila da Vouyer Media kafin ta zama mai zaman kanta watanni shida bayan haka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paulie K. |date=July 14, 2010 |title=Asa Akira Strips Down |url=http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2010/07/asa-akira-strips-down-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009090008/http://www.xtrememagazine.com/2010/07/asa-akira-strips-down-2/ |archive-date=October 9, 2013 |website=Xtreme |type=interview}}</ref> Akira ta sami kyaututtuka da dama saboda rawar da ta taka a fim ɗin David Aaron Clark na 2009, ''Pure'', inda ta taka rawar mai yin magana ta waya a gidan yari wanda ke da alaƙa da mijinta shugabar mata. <ref name="Rutter 2009">{{Cite web |last=Rutter |first=Jared |date=September 29, 2009 |title=Prime Evil Unveils David Aaron Clark's Pure |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Prime-Evil-Unveils-David-Aaron-Clark-s-i-Pure-i-361378.html |access-date=June 8, 2010 |website=AVN}}</ref> Akira ta haɗu ta ɗauki nauyin bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na AVN karo na 30 tare da jarumar batsa Jesse Jane da kuma ɗan wasan barkwanci April Macie . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2013 |title=Asa Akira Proud To Be Nominated Porn Industry's 'Performer Of The Year' (NSFW) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/19/asa-akira_n_2471858.html |access-date=July 27, 2013 |website=[[The Huffington Post]]}}</ref> Ta lashe kyautar AVN Female Performer of the Year a wannan daren. Ita ce kuma mutum mafi kyau da aka ba kyautar a lokacin bikin. A shekarar 2013, ta fara bayar da umarni tare da ''fim ɗin Gangbanged 6'' na Elegant Angel . A ranar 9 ga Oktoba, 2013, Akira ta sanar da cewa ta sanya hannu kan kwangila ta musamman da Wicked Pictures . Fim ɗinta na farko a matsayin mai yin kwangila ga kamfanin shine ''Asa Is Wicked'' . === Bayyanar manyan kafofin watsa labarai === A watan Janairun 2014, an nuna Akira, Dana DeArmond, Chanel Preston, da Jessie Andrews a cikin wani labarin mujallar ''Cosmopolitan'' mai taken "Taurarin Batsa 4 akan Yadda Suke Kasancewa Cikin Koshin Lafiya." An yi wahayi zuwa ga labarin ne daga sharhin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Gabrielle Union game da shirin Conan O'Brien game da ƙoƙarin bin tsarin motsa jiki na taurarin batsa da ta gani a dakin motsa jikinta. A shekarar 2014, Akira ta fito a matsayin bako a kashi na 1 na kakar wasa ta 3 na shirin Eric Andre Show . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2017, Akira ta bayyana kanta a kashi na farko na kakar wasa ta sha shida ta Family Guy a wani fim mai suna Simintin kujera tare da Peter Griffin . Daga baya Akira ta lura cewa, abin mamaki, wannan shine karo na farko da ta fara fitowa a matsayin mai jefa ƙuri'a. Wannan shirin ya nuna barkwanci da mutane ke yi wa Peter "wacece yarinyar da ke kan kujera" kuma Peter ya ba da amsa mai gamsarwa cewa yana da tabbacin cewa kowane mai tambaya ya riga ya san ko wacece ita. A kashi na takwas na kakar wasa ta ashirin bayan an kori Peter daga aikinsa, ya yi ƙoƙarin share tarihin bincikensa, amma ya makara sosai yayin da mutumin IT na kamfanin ya lura cewa Peter yana "dukkan" game da Akira. === Sauran kafofin watsa labarai === A shekarar 2011, ''Complex'' ta sanya Akira a matsayi na huɗu a jerin "Manyan Taurarin Batsa 100 Mafi Zafi a Yanzu" kuma a matsayi na shida a jerin "Manyan Taurarin Batsa 50 Mafi Zafi a Asiya a Duk Lokaci". ''LA Weekly'' ta sanya ta uku a jerin "Manyan Taurarin Batsa 10 Masu Kirkirar Kirkirar da Za Su Iya Zama Sasha Grey Na Gaba" a shekarar 2013. An kuma sanya ta a jerin CNBC na shekara-shekara "The Dirty Dozen", inda shafin ya sanya tauraro mafi shahara da nasara a masana'antar manya a shekarar 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Chris |date=January 18, 2012 |title=The Dirty Dozen 2012: Porn's Most Popular Stars |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2012/01/18/The-Dirty-Dozen-2012:-Porns-Most-Popular-Stars.html |access-date=September 12, 2013 |publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> 2013, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Chris |date=January 14, 2013 |title=The Dirty Dozen 2013 – Porn's Most Popular Stars |url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/100352810/page/9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004214000/http://www.cnbc.com/id/100352810/page/9 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Chris |date=January 13, 2014 |title=The Dirty Dozen 2014 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/01/10/the-dirty-dozen-2013.html |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=[[CNBC]]}}</ref> da 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Chris |date=January 16, 2015 |title=The Dirty Dozen: Porn's biggest stars |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2015/01/13/the-dirty-dozen-porns-biggest-stars.html |website=CNBC}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, Akira da mai zane David Choe sun fara wani shiri mai dauke da shirye-shirye na mintuna 90 mai suna ''DVDASA'' . An yi shi ne ga matasa masu sauraro, tare da manufarsa ta taimaka wa matasa wajen magance matsalolinsu da suka shafi jima'i, aiki, dangantaka, da sauransu. A watan Yunin 2014, Akira ta fito a wani bidiyo na YouTube tare da mai shirya bidiyo Caspar Lee . <ref>{{Cite web |title=- YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mfFW-WlV8A |website=YouTube}}</ref> Akira ta rubuta wani littafi mai suna ''Insatiable: Porn — A Love Story'' wanda Grove Press ta fitar a watan Mayu na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Miller |first=Dan |date=January 17, 2014 |title=Asa Akira's Memoir 'Insatiable: Porn—A Love Story' Coming in May |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/173671 |access-date=February 12, 2014 |website=[[XBIZ]]}}</ref> A watan Yuli na 2015, ta sanya hannu kan kwangila da Cleis Press don buga littafinta na biyu, mai suna ''Dirty Thirty: A Memoir'', tarin kasidu, wanda aka fitar a kaka na 2016. A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2015, The Hundreds ta fara fitar da shirye-shirye don wani shiri mai suna ''Hobbies with Asa Akira'', wanda ke nuna Akira tana gwada ayyuka daban-daban kamar zane-zane, dambe, taxidermy, da sassaka kankara . Akira ita ce mai masaukin baki a shirin ''The Sex Factor'', {{Rp|137}}wani wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya ta yanar gizo na 2016 inda maza takwas da mata takwas suka fafata kan dala 1&nbsp;kyautar miliyan. == Rayuwa ta sirri == Akira ta bayyana cewa tana sha'awar maza da "'yan mata masu kama da maza". <ref name="Akira 2010" /> Ba ta son a kira ta da bisexual, tana mai cewa tana karkata ga rashin son mace, amma har yanzu ba ta da tabbas . <ref name="Akira 2010">{{Cite web |last=Akira |first=Asa |date=December 22, 2010 |title=Ashlynn Brooke {{!}} I Like Girls That Look Like Boys |url=http://www.xcritic.com/blogs/blog.php?blogID=2412 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224112831/https://xcritic.com/blogs/blog.php?blogID=2412 |archive-date=December 24, 2010 |website=XCritic.com}}</ref> Ta taɓa yin aure da tsohuwar jarumar batsa Rocco Reed . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayala |first=Nelson |date=September 20, 2012 |title=Asa Akira Has Got Rocco Reed Pegged in 'Strap On Desires' |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/154189 |access-date=July 19, 2015 |website=[[XBIZ]]}}</ref> Ta kuma auri jarumar batsa kuma darakta Toni Ribas, kuma ta bayyana cewa ban da aikin da suke yi a kan allo, dangantakarsu ta kasance mai aure ɗaya . <ref name="Clark-Flory 2014">{{Cite web |last=Clark-Flory |first=Tracy |date=May 3, 2014 |title="I'm in love with being on display": Adult film star Asa Akira on her insatiable love of porn |url=https://www.salon.com/2014/05/04/im_in_love_with_being_on_display_adult_film_star_asa_akira_on_her_insatiable_love_of_porn/ |access-date=September 8, 2014 |website=[[Salon (website)|Salon]] |type=interview}}</ref> Akira ta bayyana kanta a matsayin [[Feminism|mai ra'ayin mata]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akira |first=Asa |date=September 3, 2014 |title=Asa Akira: Just Because I Do Porn Doesn't Mean I'm Not A Feminist |url=http://www.playboy.com/articles/a-feminist-that-does-porn |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718005256/http://www.playboy.com/articles/a-feminist-that-does-porn |archive-date=July 18, 2015}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == {| class="infobox" style="width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;" |+<span style="font-size: 9pt">'''Jerin kyaututtukan da Asa Akira ya samu'''</span> | colspan="3" | {| class="collapsible collapsed" width="100%" ! colspan="3" style="background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align: center;" | Kyaututtuka |- |- style="background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;" | style="text-align:center;" | '''Kyauta''' | style="text-align:center; background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;" | '''Nasara''' |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Kyaututtukan AVN |{{Won|21}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Kyaututtukan NightMoves |{{Won|5}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; [[Pornhub|Kyaututtukan Pornhub]] |{{Won|3}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Kyaututtukan Urban X |{{Won|4}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Kyaututtukan XBIZ |{{Won|3}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Kyaututtukan XRCO |{{Won|5}} |- | style="text-align:center;" | ; Wasu |{{Won|7}} |} |- style="background:#d9e8ff;" | colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | ; '''Jimlar adadin nasarori''' |-|{{Won|'''Totals'''}}|{{Won|'''48'''}} |- style="background:#d9e8ff;" | colspan="3" style="font-size: smaller; text-align:center;" | [[List of awards received by Asa Akira#References|Nassoshi]] |} {| class="wikitable" !Year !Ceremony !Category !Work |- | rowspan="6" |'''2011''' | rowspan="4" |AVN Award |Best All-Girl Three-Way Sex Scene <small>(with Alexis Texas & Kristina Rose)</small> |''Buttwoman vs. Slutwoman'' |- |Best Anal Sex Scene <small>(with Manuel Ferrara)</small> | rowspan="3" |''Asa Akira Is Insatiable'' |- |Best Double Penetration Sex Scene <small>(with Toni Ribas & Erik Everhard)</small> |- |Best Three-Way Sex Scene (G/B/B) <small>(with Prince Yahshua & Jon Jon)</small> |- | rowspan="2" |Urban X Award |Best Couple Sex Scene <small>(with Mr. Pete)</small> |''Vajazzled'' |- |Porn Star of the Year | {{N/a}} |- | rowspan="13" |'''2012''' | rowspan="6" |AVN Award |Best Solo Sex Scene |''Superstar Showdown 2: Asa Akira vs. Kristina Rose'' |- |Best Anal Sex Scene <small>(with Nacho Vidal)</small> | rowspan="6" |''Asa Akira Is Insatiable 2'' |- |Best Double-Penetration Scene <small>(with Mick Blue & Toni Ribas)</small> |- |Best Group Sex Scene <small>(with Erik Everhard, Toni Ribas, Danny Mountain, Jon Jon, Broc Adams, Ramón Nomar, & John Strong)</small> |- |Best Tease Performance |- |Best Three-Way Sex Scene, Boy/Boy/Girl <small>(with Mick Blue & Toni Ribas)</small> |- | rowspan="2" |NightMoves Award |Best Gonzo/All Sex Release (Fan's Choice)<ref name="Mayer 2012">{{Cite web |last=Mayer |first=Chad |date=October 9, 2012 |title=Nightmoves Announces 2012 Award Winners |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/154968/nightmoves-announces-2012-award-winners |website=XBIZ}}</ref> |- |Best Ass (Editor's Choice)<ref name="Mayer 2012" /> |rowspan=5 {{N/a}} |- |XBIZ Award |Female Performer of the Year |- | rowspan="2" |XRCO Award |Female Performer of the Year |- |Superslut |- |AEBN VOD Award |Performer of The Year |- |Galaxy Award |Best Personal Website (North America) |AsaAkira.com |- | rowspan="12" |'''2013''' | rowspan="3" |Sex Award<ref>{{Cite web |last=Street |first=Sharan |date=October 10, 2013 |title=Winners Announced at Inaugural Sex Awards in Hollywood AVN |url=https://avn.com/news/video/winners-announced-at-inaugural-sex-awards-in-hollywood-134307 |website=AVN}}</ref> |Porn Star of the Year |rowspan=2 {{N/a}} |- |Porn's Perfect Girl/Girl Screen Couple <small>(with Jessica Drake)</small> |- |Adult Movie of the Year | rowspan="4" |''Asa Akira Is Insatiable 3'' |- | rowspan="6" |AVN Award |Best Double-Penetration Sex Scene <small>(with Ramón Nomar & Mick Blue)</small> |- |Best Group Sex Scene <small>(with Erik Everhard, Ramón Nomar, & Mick Blue)</small> |- |Best Three-Way Sex Scene (Girl/Girl/Boy) <small>(with Brooklyn Lee & James Deen)</small> |- |Best POV Sex Scene <small>(with Jules Jordan)</small> | rowspan="2" |''Asa Akira to the Limit'' |- |Best Star Showcase |- |Female Performer of the Year |rowspan=4 {{N/a}} |- |XRCO Award |Female Performer of the Year |- |NightMoves Award |Best Ethnic Performer (Fan's Choice) |- |Galaxy Award |Best Female Performer (America) |- | rowspan="3" |'''2014''' |AVN Award |Best Porn Star Website <small>(tied with [[Joanna Angel|JoannaAngel.com]])</small> |AsaAkira.com |- | rowspan="2" |NightMoves Award |Best Body (Editor's Choice)<ref name="Johnson 2014">{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Bob |date=October 13, 2014 |title=NightMoves Awards Winners Announced |url=https://www.xbiz.com/news/186246/nightmoves-awards-winners-announced |website=XBIZ}}</ref> |{{N/a}} |- |Best All-Girl Release (Editor's Choice)<ref name="Johnson 2014" /> |''Alexis & Asa'' |- |'''2015''' |XRCO Award |Mainstream Adult Media Favorite |{{N/a}} |- | rowspan="4" |'''2017''' |AVN Award |Best Solo/Tease Performance |''Asa Goes To Hell'' |- |XBIZ Award |Best Supporting Actress |''DNA'' |- | rowspan="2" |Urban X Award |Social Media Star of the Year |rowspan=3 {{N/a}} |- |Hall of Fame |- | rowspan="2" |'''2018''' |AVN Award |Mainstream Star of the Year |- |XBIZ Award |Best Actress – Couples-Themed Release |''The Blonde Dahlia'' |- | rowspan="3" |'''2019''' | rowspan="2" |AVN Award |Mainstream Venture of the Year |rowspan=7 {{N/a}} |- |Hall of Fame |- |[[Pornhub|Pornhub Award]] |Best Fan Club |- | rowspan="2" |'''2020''' |XRCO Award |Hall of Fame |- | rowspan="2" |Pornhub Award |Favorite MILF |- |'''2022''' |Favorite Social Media Personality |- |'''2023''' |Brazzers |Hall of Fame |} == Littattafai == *   *   * {{Cite book|last=Asa Akira}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r62omnit6stlyz7n3s2zmnlok13qqqs 0 140790 905545 808588 2026-08-21T10:09:52Z CommonsDelinker 75 Replacing Johansen_Viggo_-_Radosne_Boże_Narodzenie.jpg with [[File:Viggo_Johansen_-_Glade_jul_-_1891.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)). 905545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Viggo Johansen - Glade jul - 1891.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Al'adar Denmark ta rawa a kusa da bishiyar Kirsimeti har yanzu tana faruwa kowace shekara a Danebod, wurin zama na farko na Denmark a Minnesota. ]] Ana siffanta '''rawar gargajiya ta Denmark''' da sauƙin kai, laushi, da sauƙin koyo. Rawar gargajiya ta Denmark galibi rawa ce ta zamantakewa da ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi ko ƙungiyoyin ma'aurata na masu rawa, waɗanda galibi aka tsara don manyan taruka. An yi tsammanin rawar ta kasance mai sauƙi ga kowa ya shiga. <ref>Solway, Andrew (2008). ''Country and Folk Dance''. Heinemann-Raintree Library. Page 22. {{ISBN|9781432913809}}.</ref><ref>Minnesota Society (2005). ''Architecture Minnesota, Volume 31''. Bill Dorn Associates, Incorporated. Page 62.</ref> Rawar gargajiya ta Denmark an yi ta ne don dalilai na zamantakewa da ilimi, gabaɗaya ba don dalilai na baje koli ba. <ref>Bovbjerg, Viggo (1917). ''Music for Danish folk dances''. Recreation Department, Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. First page: “Foreword”.</ref> Tarihin rawar gargajiya ta Denmark da aka tsara ya nuna wani wasan kwaikwayo da Philochoros ya yi a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]] a shekarar 1899 tare da wasu ɗaliban Denmark a cikin masu sauraro a matsayin abin da ya jawo hankali. Nan da nan ɗaliban suka sami kwarin gwiwa sosai har suka kafa ƙungiyar rawa ta gargajiya. A shekarar 1901, wasu daga cikin ɗaliban da yanzu suka zama ɗaliban motsa jiki sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta musamman, wato Ƙungiyar Tallafawa Rawar Jama'a ta Denmark (Foreningen har zuwa Folkedansens Fremme). <ref>Hoppu, Petri and Karen Vedel (2014). ''Nordic Dance Spaces: Practicing and Imagining a Region''. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Page 147. {{ISBN|9781409470014}}.</ref> [[Fayil:Folkedans_Rømø.jpg|left|thumb|Rawar jama'a a tsibirin Rømø]] Adadin ƙungiyoyin rawa da al'ummomi na gargajiya ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa a duk faɗin Denmark tsawon shekaru ashirin da suka biyo baya. An kafa ƙungiyar rawa ta gargajiya ta Denmark a shekarar 1929, kuma ƙungiya ce da har yanzu take shirya darussa ga masu rawa ta gargajiya, kuma kowace shekara ana shirya bukukuwan rawa ta gargajiya. Tasirin duk wannan ya haifar da wani daidaito a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya na Denmark, wanda hakan ya rage bambance-bambancen yanki tsakanin raye-rayen gida da al'adu a cikin Denmark. Waɗannan al'ummomi da ƙungiyoyi sun kuma ba da gudummawa don taimakawa wajen kiyaye kayan gargajiya na Denmark da kuma rawar gargajiya . <ref>O’Brien, Joan (2002). ''Children's Folk Costumes''. Courier Corporation. Page 1. {{ISBN|9780486423869}}.</ref> Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna samar da mujallu, littattafai, hotuna, girke-girke, kayan ado, kayan ado, da sauran kayan tarihi na al'adu. Sun shirya zanga-zanga, nune-nunen wasan kwaikwayo, bukukuwa, gidajen buɗe ido don rawa, da sauran abubuwan zamantakewa. <ref>Nielsen, Erica M (2011). ''Folk Dancing''. ABC-CLIO. Page 45. {{ISBN|9780313376894}}.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> ee19lomvw9vt9ikn5e77up7zdcihel9 0 142075 905022 850732 2026-08-20T12:12:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Donna Lease Brazile''' / / brəˈzɪl / brə - ZIL brə- An haife ta a ranar 15 ga [[Disamba]], 1959) ƙwararriyar mai tsara dabarun siyasa ce ta [[Amurka]], manajan kamfen, kuma [[Kimiyyar siyasa|mai sharhi kan siyasa]] wacce ta yi aiki sau biyu a matsayin mukaddashin Shugabar Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat (DNC). A halin yanzu tana bayar da gudummawa a ABC News, kuma a da tana bayar da gudummawa a Fox News har zuwa lokacin da ta yi murabus a watan Mayu 2021. Brazile ita ma a da tana bayar da gudummawa [[CNN|a CNN]], amma ta yi murabus a watan [[Oktoba]] 2016, bayan da [[WikiLeaks]] ta bayyana cewa ta yi tambayoyi biyu na muhawara da yakin neman zaben [[Hillary Clinton]] a lokacin zaben shugaban Amurka na 2016. Brazile, wacce take memba a Jam'iyyar Democrat, ita ce mace ta farko [[Afirkawan Amurka|'yar asalin Afirka]] da ta jagoranci babban kamfen na shugaban ƙasa, inda ta riƙe muƙamin manajan kamfen na Al Gore a shekarar 2000. Ta kuma yi aiki a kamfen na shugaban ƙasa da dama ga 'yan takarar Democrat, ciki har da Jesse Jackson da [[Walter Mondale]] – Geraldine Ferraro a shekarar 1984, da kuma Dick Gephardt a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat a shekarar 1988. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar riƙo ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat a bazara ta 2011, sannan kuma daga Yuli 2016 zuwa Fabrairu 2017. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Brazile a [[New Orleans|New Orleans, Louisiana]], 'yar Jean Marie (Brown) da Lionel Joseph Brazile, <ref>{{Cite web |last=PBS Staff |date=January 7, 2016 |title=Donna Brazile's Interactive Family Tree |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/finding-your-roots/blog/donna-braziles-interactive-family-tree/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027135942/http://www.pbs.org/weta/finding-your-roots/blog/donna-braziles-interactive-family-tree/ |archive-date=October 27, 2016 |access-date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[PBS]] |publisher=[[United States|U.S. Government]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=KLFY News |date=July 24, 2016 |title=New Orleans native Donna Brazile assumes role of DNC interim chair |url=http://klfy.com/2016/07/24/new-orleans-native-donna-brazile-assumes-role-of-dnc-interim-chair/ |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=KLFY News |publisher=[[United States|U.S. Government]] |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220154011/http://klfy.com/2016/07/24/new-orleans-native-donna-brazile-assumes-role-of-dnc-interim-chair/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta uku cikin 'ya'ya tara. Sunan danginta shine "Braswell" tsararraki da yawa da suka gabata. <ref> name="fdnr1" </ref> Brazile ta fara sha'awar siyasa tun tana 'yar shekara tara lokacin da wani ɗan takara na gida ya yi alƙawarin gina filin wasa na unguwa. Ta shiga cikin shirin TRIO Upward Bound yayin da take makarantar sakandare. Brazile ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilimin halayyar masana'antu daga Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana (LSU) a 1981, kuma ta kasance ma'aikaci a Cibiyar Siyasa a Makarantar Gwamnati ta John F. Kennedy ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . Bayan kammala karatunta daga LSU, Brazile ta yi aiki a ƙungiyoyin fafutuka da dama a Washington, DC, kuma an ruwaito cewa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a yakin neman zaɓen da aka yi na sanya ranar haihuwar [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]] hutun tarayya. <ref> name="mediabistro2010">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Janelle |date=October 27, 2010 |title=So What Do You Do, Donna Brazile, Political Commentator and Strategist? |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921165239/http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2014 |website=[[Mediabistro (website)|Mediabistro]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> Brazil ta yi aikin sa kai don yakin neman zaben [[Jimmy Carter]] – Walter Mondale na 1976 a lokacin ƙuruciya da kuma yakin neman zaben shugaban ƙasa na 1980 a lokacin da take ɗalibi a LSU. <ref>name="mediabistro2010">{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Janelle |date=October 27, 2010 |title=So What Do You Do, Donna Brazile, Political Commentator and Strategist? |url=http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921165239/http://www.mediabistro.com/articles/details.asp?aID=11046& |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |access-date=October 20, 2014 |website=[[Mediabistro (website)|Mediabistro]] |publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]}}</ref> == Tsarin siyasa == Brazile ta yi aiki a kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa da dama ga 'yan takarar Democrat, ciki har da Jesse Jackson a 1984, Walter Mondale–Geraldine Ferraro a 1984, da kuma Dick Gephardt a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat a 1988. Bayan Gephardt ya sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani a shekarar 1988, Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar daraktan filin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Michael Dukakis . <ref>name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2001 |title=National Press Club — Donna Brazile |url=https://www.npr.org/programs/npc/2001/010502.dbrazile.html |access-date=November 10, 2016 |website=npr.org |quote=[A]s deputy field operator during Michael Dukakis’ presidential bid in 1988, her comments about rumored marital infidelity on the part of GOP candidate George Bush got her fired.}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1988, ta yi kanun labarai ta hanyar gaya wa gungun 'yan jarida cewa George HW Bush yana buƙatar "yin shiru" game da jita-jitar da ba a tabbatar ba game da wani aure bayan aure. Brazile ta ce, "Mutanen Amurka suna da cikakken 'yancin sanin ko [[Barbara Bush]] za ta raba wannan gadon tare da shi a Fadar White House." Kamfen ɗin Dukakis ya musanta kalamanta nan da nan kuma Dukakis ya kore ta daga ma'aikatan kamfen ɗinsa jim kaɗan bayan labarin ya bazu. Bayan shekaru huɗu, wannan batu, dangantakar George H.&nbsp;W. Bush da Jennifer Fitzgerald, za a sake yin wani bayani na ɗan lokaci a lokacin yakin neman zaɓen 1992 kan [[Bill Clinton]], wanda ke da jita-jitar soyayyarsa bayan aure . A shekarun 1990, Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ma'aikata da sakataren watsa labarai ga Wakilin Majalisar Dokoki Eleanor Holmes Norton na [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]], inda ta taimaka wajen jagorantar kasafin kudin Gundumar da kuma dokokin gida kan Capitol Hill. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga yakin neman zaben Bill Clinton na shugabancin kasa a 1992 da kuma sake tsayawa takara a 1996. A shekarar 1999, an naɗa Brazile mataimakiyar manajan kamfen kuma daga baya aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa manajan kamfen na kamfen ɗin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa Al Gore na 2000, inda ta zama mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta jagoranci babban kamfen ɗin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyya. Bayan bala'in guguwar Katrina, Kathleen Blanco ta naɗa Brazile a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Hukumar Farfado da Muhalli ta Louisiana daga 2005 zuwa 2009. Brazile ta ba da takardunta ga Tarin Louisiana da Lower Mississippi Valley a cikin Tarin Musamman na Laburare na Jami'ar Jihar Louisiana, wanda ke cikin Laburaren Tunawa da Hill Memorial. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Laver |first=Tara |date=September 26, 2014 |title=Political Strategist Donna Brazile donates her papers to LSU |url=http://news.blogs.lib.lsu.edu/2014/09/26/donna_brazile_papers/ |access-date=October 17, 2016 |website=[[Louisiana State University]] |publisher=[[Blogger (service)|Blogger]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat na Ƙasa == Bayan fafatawar bayan zaɓe kan ƙuri'u a zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na Amurka na 2000 a Florida, an naɗa Brazile a matsayin shugabar Cibiyar 'Yancin Zaɓe ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Ƙasa. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2008 === A zaɓen 2008, ta yi aiki a matsayin babbar wakiliya saboda aikinta na Bill Clinton da Al Gore. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 2008 |title=Comeback |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jSYEAAAAMBAJ&q=Donna+Brazile+superdelegate&pg=PA96 |journal=Vibe |publisher=Vibe Media Group |volume=16 |issue=5 |page=96 |issn=1070-4701 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> A matsayinta na wakiliya a taron jam'iyyar Democrat na ƙasa, Brazile ta ci gaba da kin ayyana ɗan takararta na shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat da ta fi so. A wata hira da Stephen Colbert, mai barkwanci a siyasa, Brazile ta ce, "Duba, ni mace ce, don haka ina son Hillary. Ni baƙar fata ce; ina son Obama. Amma kuma ina da fushi, don haka ina son John McCain." Fidda gwanin shugaban ƙasa na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2008 a Florida da Michigan ya fara sa wakilan waɗannan jihohi biyu aka hana su zama a taron jam'iyyar Democrat saboda jihohin sun gabatar da zaɓen fidda gwanin da suka yi da dokokin jam'iyyar DNC. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ambinder |first=Marc |date=December 1, 2007 |title=The DNC Strips Michigan of Delegates |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2007/12/the-dnc-strips-michigan-of-delegates/51150/ |access-date=September 5, 2008 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |publisher=[[Atlantic Media]]}}</ref> Brazile ta ce, "Muna buƙatar aika saƙon cewa ba za ku iya karya dokokin ba," ta ƙara da cewa, "Na yi fushi da kusan kowace jiha a aikina." <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 29, 2008 |title=Donna Brazile cuts loose on 2008 campaign |url=http://www.politicswest.com/2008_election/20993/donna_brazile_cuts_loose_2008_campaign |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906235807/http://www.politicswest.com/2008_election/20993/donna_brazile_cuts_loose_2008_campaign |archive-date=September 6, 2008 |access-date=September 5, 2008 |website=PoliticsWest}}</ref> A taron Kwamitin Dokoki don yanke shawara kan rabon da aka ware wa waɗannan jihohi, an ambato ta: "Mahaifiyata ta koya min yin wasa da ƙa'idodi da kuma girmama waɗannan ƙa'idodi. Mahaifiyata ta koya min, kuma na tabbata mahaifiyarki ta koya miki, cewa lokacin da kika yanke shawarar canza ƙa'idodi, tsakiyar wasan, ƙarshen wasan, ana kiransa da yaudara." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Quote of the day |url=http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/05/31/1090183.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204224709/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2008/05/31/1090183.aspx |archive-date=February 4, 2009 |access-date=July 24, 2016 |website=[[MSNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]}}</ref> Ta yi suka sosai ga Kwaskwarima ta Stupak-Pitts, wadda ta sanya iyaka kan zubar da ciki da masu biyan haraji ke bayarwa a cikin mahallin Dokar Kula da Lafiya Mai Sauƙi ta Amurka ta Nuwamba 2009. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2012 === Tsawon makonni da dama a bazarar 2011, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar riƙo ta Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Ƙasa. A matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugabar jam'iyyar DNC, ta jagoranci ƙungiyar a lokacin sauyi tsakanin shugaban da ke barin gado Tim Kaine, wanda ya yi murabus don tsayawa takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka, da wanda zai gaje shi, 'yar Majalisar Dokokin Florida [[Debbie Wasserman Schultz]], wacce ba a ba ta izinin hawa wannan matsayi ba sai aƙalla kwanaki goma sha biyar bayan an zaɓe ta a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2011. Bayan naɗa Wasserman Schultz a matsayin shugabar jam'iyyar DNC, Brazile ta koma matsayinta na mataimakiyar shugaba. === Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na 2016 === [[Fayil:Donna_Brazile_Nashua_Oct_2016_02.jpg|thumb|'Yan Brazil suna kamfen wa [[Hillary Clinton]] a Kwalejin Al'umma ta Nashua da ke New Hampshire, 7 ga Oktoba, 2016.]] Bayan da Debbie Wasserman Schultz ta yi murabus daga muƙaminta a matsayin shugabar Kwamitin Jam'iyyar Democrat a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 2016, a farkon Babban Taron Jam'iyyar Democrat na 2016, Brazile ta zama shugabar riƙon ƙwarya ta DNC. ^{[[Debbie Wasserman Schultz|[73]]]} Brazile ce ke da alhakin shirin kashe kuɗi don ƙara yawan masu jefa ƙuri'a a cikin gari a wurare kamar Chicago da New Orleans - duk da cewa Illinois ko Louisiana ba su da gasa - saboda tsoron cewa Clinton za ta lashe zaɓen Kwalejin Zaɓe amma ta rasa ƙuri'un jama'a. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dovere |first=Edward-Isaac |date=December 14, 2016 |title=How Clinton lost Michigan — and blew the election |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/michigan-hillary-clinton-trump-232547 |access-date=February 12, 2017 |website=Politico}}</ref> ==== Raba tambayoyi game da muhawara da yakin neman zaben Clinton ==== Wani bincike da [[WikiLeaks]] ta yi a kan imel ya nuna cewa Brazile ta aika saƙon imel a ranar 5 ga Maris, 2016, ga John Podesta da Jennifer Palmieri mai taken: "Ɗaya daga cikin tambayoyin da aka yi wa HRC gobe daga mace ce mai kurji." Saƙon ya ci gaba da cewa, "iyalinta suna da gubar gubar kuma za ta yi tambaya, ko akwai wani abu, menene Hillary za ta yi a matsayinta na shugaba don taimaka wa jama'ar Flint." A taron da aka yi a Flint, an gabatar da irin wannan tambayar daga memba na masu sauraro Mikki Wade, wanda danginsa suka ji rauni sakamakon ruwan gubar. A ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2016, wani shafin yanar gizo na WikiLeaks ya ƙunshi wani imel da Brazile ta aika a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2016 ga darektan sadarwa na Clinton Jennifer Palmieri tare da taken taken: "Lokaci zuwa lokaci ina samun tambayoyi a gaba." A cikin imel ɗin, Brazile ta tattauna damuwarta game da ikon Clinton na gabatar da tambaya game da hukuncin kisa, kuma a cikin muhawarar zauren CNN washegari, Clinton ta sami irin wannan tambaya game da hukuncin kisa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stelter |first=Brian |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Wikileaks mystery: How did town hall question get to Clinton campaign? |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/11/media/donna-brazile-wikileaks-question/ |access-date=October 22, 2016 |website=CNN |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012145052/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/11/media/donna-brazile-wikileaks-question/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar shafin yanar gizo na fasaha Errata Security, an tabbatar da imel ɗin da ake magana a kai ta amfani da shirin tabbatarwa na yau da kullun da tsarin DKIM . Da farko Brazile ta musanta karbar ko gabatar da wata tambaya game da kamfen din Clinton, kuma ta yi watsi da kungiyar WikiLeaks a matsayin "wadannan masu fallasa sirrin mutane suna kokarin rage min radadi". <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=@donnabrazile}}</ref> Ta zargi wakilin TYT Politics Jordan Chariton da "yin wa mace sharri." <ref>{{Cite web |last=TYT Politics |date=October 19, 2016 |title=Jordan's NOT HAVING Donna Brazile's Russia Dodge! |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-JChl8w6oQ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103055839/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-JChl8w6oQ |archive-date=November 3, 2017 |access-date=November 3, 2017 |via=YouTube }}</ref> Da aka yi wa mai gabatar da labarai na Fox News Megyn Kelly tambayoyi, Brazile ta ce, "A matsayina na mace Kirista, na fahimci zalunci. Ba zan zauna a nan in fuskanci zalunci ba saboda bayananka ba gaskiya ba ne." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Megyn Kelly vs. Donna Brazile: Did You Receive Debate Question Beforehand?; Brazile: I Will Not Be "Persecuted" |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/10/19/megyn_kelly_vs_donna_brazile_did_you_receive_debate_question_beforehand_brazile_i_will_not_be_persecuted.html |access-date=November 3, 2017 |website=www.realclearpolitics.com}}</ref> Jake Tapper, tsohon abokin aikin Brazile a CNN, ya bayar da ra'ayinsa game da fallasa wata tambaya ga wani ɗan takarar Shugaban ƙasa, inda ya kira ta da "abin takaici sosai" sannan ya ƙara da cewa "a fannin jarida, abin tsoro ne". Duk da haka, Brazile ta ce lamirinta "yana da kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wemple |first=Erik |date=November 7, 2016 |title=Donna Brazile: 'My conscience is very clear' |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/11/07/donna-brazile-my-conscience-is-very-clear/ |via=washingtonpost.com}}</ref> Daga baya ta yi tsokaci: "Idan dole ne in sake yin hakan, da na san abubuwa da yawa game da tsaron yanar gizo." A wani jawabi da aka yi a Kwalejin Aikin Jarida da Sadarwa ta Mass a harabar Jami'ar Nebraska-Lincoln a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2016, Brazile ta yi Allah wadai da bayanan da aka fallasa, wanda jami'an leken asiri suka ce sun fito ne daga Rasha, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanger |first=David |last2=Savage |first2=Charlie |date=October 7, 2016 |title=U.S. Says Russia Directed Hacks to Influence Elections |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/08/us/politics/us-formally-accuses-russia-of-stealing-dnc-emails.html?_r=0 |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> kuma ta ce an yi su ne don "gurguza wani zabe, wargaza ko ɓata sunan dimokuradiyyarmu" sannan a ƙarshe ta yi ƙoƙarin "samar da sakamako mafi dacewa ga su da muradunsu." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Walton |first=Don |date=October 13, 2016 |title=Brazile condemns cyberattack on U.S. election process |url=http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/federal-politics/brazile-condemns-cyberattack-on-u-s-election-process/article_e9a468f3-11da-534d-a164-40fccd4d5780.html |access-date=December 12, 2016 |website=Lincoln Journal Star}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2016, ''[[New York Times|jaridar New York Times]]'' ta ruwaito cewa: "CNN ta yanke alaƙa da mai tsara dabarun dimokuradiyya Donna Brazile, bayan da aka yi kutse a cikin imel daga WikiLeaks ya nuna cewa ta raba tambayoyi game da abubuwan da CNN ta dauki nauyin shiryawa a gaba tare da abokai kan yakin neman zaben Hillary Clinton." CNN ta ce ta amince da murabus dinta a hukumance a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, inda ta kara da cewa: "Ba mu ji daɗin abin da muka koya game da hulɗarta da yakin neman zaben Clinton ba yayin da take mai ba da gudummawa a CNN." A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2016, Shugaban CNN Jeff Zucker ya fara wani kira na cikin gida game da hadin gwiwar. Zucker ya sanar da ma'aikatansa cewa, duk da cewa an yi cikakken bincike kan lamarin kuma an magance wadanda suka aikata laifin, fahimtar cewa kamfen din ya sami tambayoyi a gaba "yana cutar da mu duka," ya kara da cewa, "Ba ni da juriya ga halayenta ko irin wannan halin," yana mai bayyana huldar da tsohuwar mai sharhi kan hanyar sadarwa Brazile da yakin neman zaben Clinton a matsayin "abin kyama" da kuma "abin kyama." A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2017, Brazile ta amince ta tura tambayoyin muhawara ga kamfen ɗin Clinton a lokacin zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat na 2016, yayin da take Mataimakin Shugabar DNC kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai sharhi a CNN. A cikin wata muƙala da ta rubuta wa mujallar ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'', ta ce, "Sannan a watan Oktoba, wani sakin imel da aka yi daga baya ya nuna cewa daga cikin abubuwa da yawa da na yi a matsayina na mai gudanar da jam'iyyar Democrat da Mataimakin Shugabar DNC kafin na ɗauki matsayin Shugaban DNC na wucin gadi shine raba batutuwan zauren gari da yakin neman zaben Clinton." Brazile ta ci gaba da bayani: "Aikina shine in sa duk 'yan takararmu na Democrat su yi kyau, kuma na yi aiki tare da kamfen ɗin biyu don ganin hakan ta faru. Amma aika waɗannan imel ɗin kuskure ne da zan yi nadama har abada." <ref name="time_brazile" /> A cikin littafin tarihinta na shekarar 2017 mai suna ''Hacks'', Brazile ta rubuta game da "zargin tambayoyin da ake yi mata." {{Rp|}} === Koyarwar jami'a da alaƙarta === Duk da wannan badakalar, Brazile ta ci gaba da aiki a kwamitoci daban-daban, ciki har da Cibiyar Dimokuradiyya ta Kasa (NDI), wacce manufarta ita ce tabbatar da zabe mai 'yanci da adalci. Ta kasance mai sa ido kan zabe a Kenya don zaben shugaban kasa na 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonzo |first=Paulina Chavez |last2=Mahoney |first2=Ryan |date=2022-08-11 |title=NDI-IRI Joint International Election Observer Mission Presents Initial Findings and Recommendations Following the August 9 General Elections in Kenya |url=https://www.iri.org/news/ndi-iri-joint-international-election-observer-mission-presents-initial-findings-and-recommendations-following-the-august-9-general-elections-in-kenya/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711210620/https://www.iri.org/news/ndi-iri-joint-international-election-observer-mission-presents-initial-findings-and-recommendations-following-the-august-9-general-elections-in-kenya/ |archive-date=2024-07-11 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=[[International Republican Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Brazile ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar jami'a a Jami'ar Maryland, College Park, wata abokiyar aiki a Cibiyar Siyasa ta [[Jami'ar Harvard]], kuma farfesa ce ta biyu a fannin Nazarin Mata da Jinsi a Jami'ar Georgetown . Ita memba ce a kwamitin ba da shawara na Taron Mock na Jami'ar Washington da Lee . <ref name=":1" /> === Mai Sharhi === Brazile ta kasance mai bayar da gudummawa da sharhi kan siyasa a ''shirin The Situation Room'' na CNN na mako-mako kuma ta bayyana a shirin ''American Morning'' da kuma wanda zai gaje ta, ''New Day'' . Ta kan bayyana a ''shirin CNN Tonight tare da Don Lemon'' akai-akai, kuma ta kasance memba a kwamitin bako na [[Anderson Cooper]] na masana siyasa a shirin CNN na Zaɓen Dare. Brazile kuma ita ce wadda ta kafa kuma darakta mai kula da Brazile and Associates kuma mai ba da gudummawa ga NPR 's Political Corner da ABC News . Brazile ta amince da juna da CNN da ABC don dakatar da kwangilolinta da hanyoyin sadarwar domin ta zama shugabar riƙon ƙwarya ta DNC. A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2016, CNN ta sanar da cewa Brazile ta yi murabus a hukumance kuma za ta yanke alaƙarta da Brazile a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ta CNN, saboda bayanan da ba su dace ba da suka fito daga yakin neman zaɓen Clinton yayin da take aiki a cibiyar sadarwar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byers |first=Dylan |date=2016-10-31 |title=Donna Brazile out at CNN amid leaks to Clinton campaign |url=https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/index.html |access-date=2017-03-18 |website=CNNMoney |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807132038/https://money.cnn.com/2016/10/31/media/donna-brazile-cnn-resignation/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 2019, Brazile ta zama mai ba da gudummawa ga Fox News . Ta bayyana cewa ta "yi farin ciki da shiga FOX News" yayin da ta amince cewa wasu 'yan Democrat na iya sukar shawararta. === Marubuci === Brazile marubuciya ce mai ba da gudummawa ga ''Ms. Magazine'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Donna Brazile Archives |url=http://msmagazine.com/blog/tag/donna-brazile/ |access-date=8 November 2017 |website=Ms. Magazine}}</ref> kuma marubuciya ce a cikin ''Roll Call'' . <ref name="naacpjournal">{{Cite journal |last=Samuel |first=Terence |date=Jul–Aug 2004 |editor-last=Valentine |editor-first=Victoria L. |title=Having Her Say |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-kIEAAAAMBAJ |journal=The Crisis |publisher=The Crisis Publishing Company |volume=111 |issue=4 |page=27 |issn=0011-1422 |access-date=19 December 2017 |quote=Donna Brazile speech is a leisurely tour of .the political life of one woman who defied the odds to become a political power broker in a world where being Black and female might ordinarily limit one's prospects. But it is also a funny, and oftentimes ... In April, Brazile penned a Roll Call column headlined: "Memo to Mary Beth Cahill," urging Kerry's campaign manager to get the candidate to sit down and work out his differences with Ralph Nader.}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Simon &amp;amp; Schuster ta buga littafin ''Cooking with Grease – Stirring the Pots in American Politics'', littafin tarihin rayuwarta da aikinta a siyasa. A cewar Elisabeth Rosenthal ta ''[[New York Times|jaridar The New York Times]] ,'' "Duk da cewa littafin ya ƙunshi tarihin rayuwarta mai ban sha'awa game da yadda wata yarinya baƙar fata 'yar talauci ta zo don gudanar da kamfen na shugaban ƙasa, buga littafin yana ba wa Ms. Brazile mai rashin kunya damar yin magana a rubuce da kuma a cikin tambayoyi kan manyan batutuwa, kamar abin da ya faru a 2000 da kuma abin da 'yan Democrat ke buƙatar yi don cin nasara a 2004." Brazile ita ce kuma marubuciyar littafin ''For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Politics'' (2018), tare da Yolanda Caraway, Leah Daughtry, da Minyon Moore . ==== ''Masu Kutse: Labarin Ciki'' ==== A watan Yulin 2017, Hachette Books ta sanar da cewa ta sami haƙƙin littafin Brazile mai zuwa, ''Hacks: The Inside Story of the Break-ins and Breakdowns That Put Donald Trump in the White House'', wanda aka buga a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Hachette ta ce littafin zai zama "abin sha'awa na kamfen, tarihin rayuwa, da taswirar hanya ta gaba." Matt Latimer da Keith Urbahn, abokan hulɗa a hukumar adabi da kirkire-kirkire ta Javelin, sun wakilci Brazile a tattaunawar da suka yi da Hachette. Aikin "wani mummunan tarihin abubuwan da ta fuskanta da kamfen ɗin Clinton, wanda ta bayyana a matsayin wanda ba a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata ba kuma ba shi da sha'awa." A cikin wani ɓangare na littafin da aka buga a mujallar ''Politico'', Brazile ta rubuta cewa ta sami "yarjejeniya mara kyau" tsakanin kamfen ɗin Clinton da DNC wanda ya ba Clinton damar yin iko da jam'iyyar tun kafin ta zama 'yar takararta. Daga baya, a cikin wata hira da aka yi da ita a shirin ABC na ''This Week'' a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 2017, Brazile ta ce ba ta sami wata shaida da ke nuna cewa an yi magudi a zaɓen fidda gwani na Democrat don goyon bayan Clinton ba. <ref name="Lima" /> Brazile ta rubuta cewa bayan Clinton ta suma a wani taron tunawa da harin 9/11 a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2016, ta yi la'akari sosai da maye gurbin Clinton a matsayin 'yar takarar Democrat, ta zabi Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Joe Biden a madadinta. A karkashin yarjejeniyar DNC, shugaban jam'iyyar zai iya ayyana wanda zai tsaya takarar shugaban kasa "nakasa," wanda hakan zai haifar da wani tsari mai rikitarwa wanda ya kunshi taron cikakken DNC. A cikin hirar da aka yi da ABC, ta bayyana cewa "tana da wasu hade-hade da yawa. Wannan wani abu ne da kuke nunawa a zuciyarku." A ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2017, sama da tsoffin ma'aikatan yakin neman zaben Clinton 100 sun buga wata wasika a bude tana cewa "ba su amince da yakin neman zaben da ta nuna a cikin littafin ba." Sun ce sun yi mamakin jin cewa Brazile ta yi la'akari da maye gurbin Clinton a kan tikitin kuma sun damu da cewa Brazile ta amince da "farfagandar karya da Rasha ta yi amfani da ita" game da lafiyar Clinton. ''Jaridar Washington Post ta kuma yi nazari kan sahihancin zarge-zargen Brazile.'' A watan Satumba na 2015, jaridar ta riga ta ba da rahoto game da yarjejeniyar tara kuɗi tsakanin Hillary da DNC wadda Brazile ta bayyana kuma ta lura cewa magoya bayan Sanders sun san da hakan. <ref name="truthfree" /> An kuma ruwaito cewa Brazile ta san game da yarjejeniyar kafin ta bayyana cikakkun bayanai a bainar jama'a. <ref name="truthfree" /> === Mai wasan kwaikwayo === Brazile memba ce a ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Screen Actors Guild' - American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) kuma ta fito a matsayin bakuwa a cikin shirye-shirye uku na wasan kwaikwayo na [[CBS]] ''The Good Wife'' da kuma wani shiri na wasan kwaikwayo na [[Netflix]] ''House of Cards'' . Ta kuma fito a matsayin wani sabon salo na kanta a cikin ''Army of the Dead'' tare da Sean Spicer . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2021 |title=Army of the Dead: Sean Spicer's Cameo & Donald Trump Jokes Explained |url=https://screenrant.com/army-dead-movie-sean-spicer-donald-trump-explained/ |website=[[Screen Rant]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 21, 2021 |title=The Controversial Former White House Staffer Who Cameos in Army of the Dead |url=https://www.looper.com/417708/the-controversial-former-white-house-staffer-who-cameos-in-army-of-the-dead/}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1999, ''Mujallar New York Times'' ta bayyana Brazile a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi wadda ta yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na Millennium March a Washington . Mujallar ta ce tana "kare sirrinta sosai" kuma ta kira ta "babu tabbas" game da yanayin jima'inta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Sullivan |date=December 12, 1999 |title=Not a Straight Story |url=https://partners.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/19991212mag-counterculture.html |access-date=November 2, 2016 |website=The New York Times Magazine}}</ref> Brazile ƴar [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce kuma ta ce tana son zama firist tun tana ƙarama amma ba ta ci gaba da yin hakan ba bayan mahaifiyarta ta gaya wa ' ya'yanta mata cewa ba za su iya zama firistoci ba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Donna Brazile & Ana Navarra |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4710535/donna-brazile-ana-navarra |access-date=2018-09-16 |website=C-SPAN.org |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuli, 2025, Brazile ta zama memba na girmamawa na ƙungiyar Delta Sigma Theta . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-10 |title=Delta Sigma Theta Inducts A Monumental 2025 Class Of Honorary Members Who Embody Black Excellence |url=https://www.essence.com/culture/delta-sigma-theta-2025-honorary-members/ |access-date=2026-02-17 |website=Essence |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lin5w98wj4j9p02podfn9wvegnbjvju 0 143009 905557 803039 2026-08-21T10:50:31Z Zahrah0 14848 905557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''María Bruguera Pérez''' (a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta alif 1913 zuwa ranar 26 ga Disamba shekara ta alif 1992) yar gwagwarmaya ce ta anarcho-syndicalist wacce ta mutu a Madrid a shekarar 1992. Bruguera ta fito ne daga dangin da ke da tsattsauran ra'ayin rashin da'a a cikin wani gari da PSOE ke mamaye a yankin Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT). Tana da shekaru tara, ta fara shiga siyasa ta hanyar shiga [[Juventudes Libertarias]] . Ta kuma shiga cikin ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta mata [[Ni Dios Ni Amo]] . Burguera tana da shekaru 21 a farkon Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a watan Yulin 1936. Tana da ciki da ɗanta tilo, da farko ta nufi kan iyakar Spain da Portugal . Da aka rufe kan iyakar, ta yi tafiya tare da iyalinta zuwa wani fili mallakar abokin zamanta. A can, za a kashe abokin zamanta da mahaifiyarta, ɗan'uwanta da mahaifinta sun tsere kaɗan, kuma an kama Burguera da ɗanta da aka haifa. Burguera ta guji hukuncin kisa, kuma an yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru 30 a gidan yari saboda aikinta na ɗaurin kurkuku. An raba ta da ɗanta, inda hukumomi suka canza sunansa zuwa na waliyyai saboda sauye-sauyen doka da suka yi inda suka nemi a sanya wa yara suna bayan waliyyai na Katolika . Bayan fiye da shekaru takwas a gidan yari, an saki Bruguera daga gidan yarin Madrid a shekarar 1946. Matukin jirgin CNT [[Aureliano Lobo]] da Bruguera sun zama ma'aurata jim kaɗan bayan an sake ta. A wannan lokacin, Bruguera ta sake komawa CNT, gami da tarurrukan sirri. Yayin da CNT ta rabu, Bruguera ta sami kanta a cikin ƙungiyar mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, ta kafa [[Comité de Mujeres Libres|Kwamitin Mata Masu 'Yanci]] ( Spanish ) tare da su. Daga wannan rukunin, Bruguera ta ci gaba da kafa mujallar mata ta biyu, ''[[Mujeres Libertarias]]'' . == Bayani == Bruguera mace ce mai fafutukar 'yan gurguzu masu ra'ayin gurguzu wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare addininta har zuwa mutuwarta a Madrid a shekarar 1992. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Acosta Bono |first=Gonzalo |date= |title=María Bruguera Pérez |url=http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/biografias/maria-bruguera-perez |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=todos (...) los nombres _ |publisher=Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A) |language=es}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MARIA BRUGUERA PEREZ – ANARQUISTA Y DEL GRUPO DE TEATRO "NI DIOS NI AMO" |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021150/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=CNT Puerto Real |language=es}}</ref> Tun da farko, ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. <ref name=":0" /> Daga baya, Bruguera ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT). <ref name=":0" /> Sau da yawa tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar 'yan gurguzu. == Matasa == An haifi Bruguera a Jerez de los Caballeros akan 6 Nuwamba 1915 zuwa Antonio Bruguera da Elisa Pérez. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Acosta Bono |first=Gonzalo |date= |title=María Bruguera Pérez |url=http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/biografias/maria-bruguera-perez |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=todos (...) los nombres _ |publisher=Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A) |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAcosta_Bono">Acosta Bono, Gonzalo. [http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/biografias/maria-bruguera-perez "María Bruguera Pérez"]. ''todos (...) los nombres _'' (in Spanish). Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MARIA BRUGUERA PEREZ – ANARQUISTA Y DEL GRUPO DE TEATRO "NI DIOS NI AMO" |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021150/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=CNT Puerto Real |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021150/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html "MARIA BRUGUERA PEREZ – ANARQUISTA Y DEL GRUPO DE TEATRO "NI DIOS NI AMO""]. ''CNT Puerto Real'' (in Spanish). Archived from [http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html the original] on 18 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014 |title=MARÍA BRUGUERA PEREZ |url=http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/personas/maria-bruguera-perez |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=Todos (..) los nombres_ |publisher=Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A) |language=es}}</ref> Iyayen <nowiki>mahaifinta</nowiki> sun fito ne daga Palafrugell, [[Katalunya|Catalonia]] ta hanyar da kansa aka haife shi a Extremadura . <ref name=":1" /> Iyalinta suna da zurfin imani da rashin da'a sakamakon mahaifinta ya yi hulɗa da kafofin watsa labarai na rashin da'a yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mai koyon aiki a Seville a masana'antar cork. A lokacin haihuwar Bruguera, garinsu ya fi zama na gurguzu tare da tsarin siyasa na kamfani . Yayin da mahaifinta ya raba tunaninsa na rashin da'a tsakanin da'irar siyasa, ya ɗauki lokaci kuma al'umma dole ne ta koyar da kanta game da koyarwar ƙungiyar. [1] Ƙungiyar Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) ta shirya yawancin manoma da ma'aikata a yankin Badajoz a ƙarshen shekarun 1920. [2] Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Casa del Pueblo de Jerez de los Caballeros . A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, babu CNT da ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwa a Jerez da mahaifinta zai yi alaƙa da shi a lokacin. [3] Tun tana ƙarama, Bruguera tana aiki a wani ƙaramin shagon kayan abinci da mahaifiyarta ke gudanarwa. Wannan yana nufin ba ta da lokacin yin karatu a makaranta. Madadin haka, shagon kayan abinci ya zama makarantar koyon karatu ta yau da kullun. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Acosta Bono |first=Gonzalo |date= |title=María Bruguera Pérez |url=http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/biografias/maria-bruguera-perez |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=todos (...) los nombres _ |publisher=Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A) |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAcosta_Bono">Acosta Bono, Gonzalo. [http://www.todoslosnombres.org/content/biografias/maria-bruguera-perez "María Bruguera Pérez"]. ''todos (...) los nombres _'' (in Spanish). Confederación General del Trabajo de Andalucía (CGT.A)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=MARIA BRUGUERA PEREZ – ANARQUISTA Y DEL GRUPO DE TEATRO "NI DIOS NI AMO" |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021150/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=CNT Puerto Real |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190218021150/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html "MARIA BRUGUERA PEREZ – ANARQUISTA Y DEL GRUPO DE TEATRO "NI DIOS NI AMO""]. ''CNT Puerto Real'' (in Spanish). Archived from [http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/6787-maria-bruguera-perez-anarquista-y-del-grupo-de-teatro-qni-dios-ni-amoq.html the original] on 18 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Yayin da take aiki a shagon, mahaifiyarta kuma ta koya mata aikin dinki. <ref name=":1" /> Sha'awarta ga koyo tun tana ƙarama ta sa ta shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na makaranta a wata makarantar sakandare ta jama'a ta gida ( Spanish Tana da shekaru tara, ta bar makaranta lokacin da [[Juventudes Libertarias]] ta zo garinsu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":0" /> Ɗan'uwanta Antonio da [[Francisco Torrado]] sun haɗu da ita wajen tallata Juventudes Libertarias. <ref name=":0" /> Ta fara shiga ƙungiyar fasaha ta mata da ta fara yabawa da ita. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=27 January 2019 |title=Las revistas de Mujeres Libres y Mujeres Libertias ya Están en Nuestra Web |url=http://www.solidaridadobrera.org/confederal/2019/01/27/las-revistas-de-mujeres-libres-y-mujeres-libertarias-ya-estan-en-nuestra-web/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=17 February 2019 |website=[[Confederación Sindical Solidaridad Obrera|Solidaridad Obrera]] |language=es}}</ref> Tana aiki tare da Ni [[Ni Dios Ni Amo|Dios]] Ni Amo, ta kawo ayyukan shirye-shiryensu zuwa ga comarcas na gida. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1913]] hfsr6l3wsnu2r86ud6ixjguc2xwoxnf 0 143022 905148 803144 2026-08-20T18:05:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eva Maria Granados Galiano''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1975) 'yar siyasa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Harkokin Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Duniya tun daga shekarar 2023 kuma sanata ce da ke wakiltar Majalisar Catalonia tun daga shekarar 2021. Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Catalonia, kafin ta shiga siyasar ƙasa a shekarar 2021, tana da rawar gani a siyasar yankin, kasancewarta 'yar Majalisar Catalonia daga 2010 zuwa 2023 kuma mai magana da yawun jam'iyyarta a majalisar yankin daga 2015 zuwa 2021. A watan Oktoban 2021, majalisar Catalonia ta naɗa ta sanata, kuma a Majalisar Dattawa, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana da yawun Jam'iyyar Ma'aikatan Gurguzu ta Spain daga 2021 zuwa 2023. A watan Disamba na 2023, Ministan Harkokin Waje José Manuel Albares ya naɗa ta a matsayin Sakataren Harkokin Ƙasashen Duniya . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ta yi karatun Kimiyyar Siyasa da Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Barcelona, digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a ESADE kuma ƙwararriya ce a fannin kasuwar aiki da tattaunawa ta zamantakewa a Jami'ar Complutense ta Madrid tare da haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Julián Besteiro ta UGT. An haɗa ta da Jami'ar Barcelona a fannin bincike da haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma bayanai da ƙarfafa gwiwa ga matasa a Cibiyar Ba da Bayani da Ayyukan Ɗalibai ta Catalonia (CISEC). Tana cikin waɗanda ke tallafawa Gidauniyar Rafael Campalans, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta ga yaɗa ra'ayin gurguzu na dimokuraɗiyya. <ref>[http://www.fcampalans.cat/qui_som.php Qui som]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{In lang|ca}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Ya kasance memba na Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Matasa na Catalonia (AJEC). Granados yana cikin Jam'iyyar Socialists ta Catalonia tun daga shekarar 1999 a cikin Ƙungiyar Pallejà a cikin Tarayyar Baix Llobregat . Tana da alaƙa da Babban Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Catalonia, ta kasance memba a Sakatariyar Ƙasa ta UGT daga 2002 zuwa 2010. Ta wakilci UGT a matsayin mai ba da shawara kuma mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Ayyukan Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Catalonia, a cikin Sabis na Aiki na Catalonia, Yarjejeniyar Masana'antu ta Yankin Metropolitan na Barcelona da Tsarin Dabaru na Metropolitan na Barcelona. Ya kuma kasance memba na Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Spain, Hukumar Aikin Jama'a ta Jiha da Majalisar Asusun Zamantakewa ta Turai. A watan Nuwamba na 2010, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mataimakiyar Majalisar Catalonia a matsayin kujerar Barcelona, wadda ta sake tabbatar da ita a watan Nuwamba na 2012. Ta kasance mataimakiyar mai magana da yawun ƙungiyar gurguzu a majalisar Catalonia kuma daga Janairun 2013 zuwa Agusta na 2015, ranar da aka rusa majalisar X kuma mai magana da yawun Hukumar Kula da Jin Daɗin Jama'a, Iyali da Shige da Fice ta ƙungiyar 'yan majalisar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] sm03nw2sq1q3u975ubyylcq5tl6rit7 0 143023 905556 803150 2026-08-21T10:49:08Z Zahrah0 14848 905556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Soledad Kasilda Hernáez Vargas''' (a shekarar 1914 zuwa shekara ta alif 1992) 'yar gwagwarmayar gurguzu ce ta Basque wadda ta yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . 'Yar gurguzu ce tun tana ƙarama, a lokacin Jamhuriyar Spain, ta kasance fitacciyar mai shiga cikin ƙungiyar gurguzu ta Basque, an daure ta saboda rawar da ta taka a juyin juya halin 1934. Da barkewar yakin basasa, ta yi yaƙi a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yan gurguzu, ta koma yankin Aragon bayan ' yan kishin ƙasa sun yi nasara a Yaƙin Arewa . Bayan shan kaye a Jamhuriyar, ta yi gudun hijira zuwa Faransa, inda ta goyi bayan ' yan adawar Faransa, 'yan Maquis na Spain da kuma daga ƙarshe ETA . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Hernáez ga uwa mara aure kuma uba ba a sani ba a gidan jarirai na Fraisoro de Zizurkil . Kakarta 'yar calé ce, kuma kawunta masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun yi tasiri ga farkon farawarta ta 'yanci. Ta girma a unguwar Donostia da ke {{Interlanguage link|Egia|eu|Egia (Donostia)}}, inda ta koyi karatu da rubutu a makarantar gwamnati ta Atocha. <ref name="RAH">{{Cite web |last=de Ure Eraul |first=Ana Díez |last2=Roda Hernández |first2=Paco |date=27 August 2014 |title=Soledad Casilda Hernáez Vargas |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/52132/soledad-casilda-hernaez-vargas |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia de la Historia]] |language=es}}</ref> Bayan ayyana Jamhuriyar Spain ta Biyu, ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta 'yan Libertarian kuma ta halarci makarantar 'yan libertarian athenaeums', wanda ya zama makaranta ta biyu a gare ta. <ref name="RAH">{{Cite web |last=de Ure Eraul |first=Ana Díez |last2=Roda Hernández |first2=Paco |date=27 August 2014 |title=Soledad Casilda Hernáez Vargas |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/52132/soledad-casilda-hernaez-vargas |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia de la Historia]] |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFde_Ure_EraulRoda_Hernández2014">de Ure Eraul, Ana Díez; Roda Hernández, Paco (27 August 2014). [https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/52132/soledad-casilda-hernaez-vargas "Soledad Casilda Hernáez Vargas"]. ''[[Real Academia de la Historia]]'' (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> An kama ta na ɗan lokaci saboda kiran yajin aiki a wani kamfani wanda ma'aikatansa mata ne. <ref name="Correo">{{Cite web |last=Álvarez |first=Itsaso |date=8 July 2014 |title=Casilda, la miliciana |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626143615/https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[El Correo]] |language=es}}</ref> <ref name="CNT">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2011 |title=Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-date=25 March 2018 |website=Biografias Anarquistas |publisher=[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]}}</ref> Aikinta na nuna tsiraici a {{Interlanguage link|Zurriola|eu}} beach shi ma ya haifar da rikici a lokacin. <ref name="CNT" /> Shigarta mai ƙarfi a juyin juya halin 1934 ya sa aka kama ta aka kuma yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru tara a gidan yari saboda yaɗa farfaganda da kuma wasu ashirin saboda mallakar abubuwan fashewa. <ref name="Correo" /> <ref name="CNT" /> An tsare ta a {{Interlanguage link|fort of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe|es|Fuerte de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe}} sannan daga baya aka mayar da su {{Interlanguage link|Ventas women's prison|es|Cárcel de mujeres de Ventas}} a [[Madrid]] . Amma bayan shekaru biyu na ɗaurin kurkuku, an sake ta saboda afuwar da ƙungiyar jama'a ta yi mata bayan zaɓen gama gari na Spain na 1936. <ref name="RAH" /> <ref name="Correo" /> <ref name="CNT" /> Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an sake ta daga kurkuku, ta haɗu da ɗan gwagwarmayar rashin imani Felix Likiniano, wanda zai zama abokin tafiyarta ta har abada, kuma ta fara tausaya wa ƙungiyar Mujeres Libres, wadda aka kafa a wannan shekarar, duk da cewa ba ta zama memba ba. <ref name="CNT">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2011 |title=Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-date=25 March 2018 |website=Biografias Anarquistas |publisher=[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html "Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon"]. ''Biografias Anarquistas''. [[Puerto Real]]: [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]. 12 May 2011. Archived from [http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html the original] on 25 March 2018.</cite></ref> Bayan barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a watan Yulin 1936, ta shiga ƙungiyar masu fafutukar kare haƙƙin mallaka ta Faransa, inda ta shiga cikin tsaron Donostia da yaƙin Irun . Bayan faɗuwar Euskadi, ta koma Levante ta yi yaƙi a cikin ginshiƙin Hilario-Zamora a kan gabacin Aragon da Ebro . [1] [2] Bayan faɗuwar Catalonia, ta tafi gudun hijira tare da Likiniano a Faransa, inda aka tsare su a sansanonin tsare mutane na Argelès da Gurs har zuwa lokacin bazara na 1940. Da zarar sun sami 'yanci, suka ƙaura zuwa Bordeaux . Gidansu ya kasance cibiyar adawa da Francoism da Nazism, kuma an san shi da "Ƙaramar Ofishin Jakadancin Basque". [1] [2] Shekaru bayan haka, bayan raunin ƙungiyar 'yan adawa, ma'auratan sun zo don tallafawa ƙungiyar 'Yantar da Ƙasa ta Basque da ƙungiyar masu dauke da makamai ta Euskadi ta Askatasuna (ETA). Duk da haka, dangantakar da ke tsakanin Kasilda da Felix ta yi sanyi kuma ta faɗa cikin mawuyacin hali wanda daga baya za ta murmure. <ref name="CNT">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2011 |title=Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-date=25 March 2018 |website=Biografias Anarquistas |publisher=[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html "Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon"]. ''Biografias Anarquistas''. [[Puerto Real]]: [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]. 12 May 2011. Archived from [http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html the original] on 25 March 2018.</cite></ref> Hernáez ta mutu sakamakon cutar kansa a Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Faransa, a ranar 31 ga Agusta 1992. An binne ta tare da Felix Likiniano a makabartar Biarritz . <ref name="RAH">{{Cite web |last=de Ure Eraul |first=Ana Díez |last2=Roda Hernández |first2=Paco |date=27 August 2014 |title=Soledad Casilda Hernáez Vargas |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/52132/soledad-casilda-hernaez-vargas |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[Real Academia de la Historia]] |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFde_Ure_EraulRoda_Hernández2014">de Ure Eraul, Ana Díez; Roda Hernández, Paco (27 August 2014). [https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/52132/soledad-casilda-hernaez-vargas "Soledad Casilda Hernáez Vargas"]. ''[[Real Academia de la Historia]]'' (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> A kan dutsen kabarinta, ƙawarta Begoña Gorospe ta rubuta kalmar "Mace, ke ce wutar da ba ta mutuwa!" ( Basque ). <ref name="Correo">{{Cite web |last=Álvarez |first=Itsaso |date=8 July 2014 |title=Casilda, la miliciana |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626143615/https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[El Correo]] |language=es}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFÁlvarez2014">Álvarez, Itsaso (8 July 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190626143615/https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html "Casilda, la miliciana"]. ''[[El Correo]]'' (in Spanish). Archived from [https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/sociedad/201407/08/casilda-miliciana-20140707163537.html the original] on 26 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> == Ganewa == A cikin 1985, Luis María Jiménez de Aberásturi ya buga tarihin rayuwar ''Casilda, miliciana: historia de un sentimiento'' . <ref name="CNT">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2011 |title=Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon |url=http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html |archive-date=25 March 2018 |website=Biografias Anarquistas |publisher=[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180325234142/http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html "Casilda Hernáez Vargas – miliciana en el frente de Aragon"]. ''Biografias Anarquistas''. [[Puerto Real]]: [[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]. 12 May 2011. Archived from [http://puertoreal.cnt.es/bilbiografias-anarquistas/5222-casilda-hernaez-vargas-miliciana-en-el-frente-de-aragon.html the original] on 25 March 2018.</cite></ref> A cikin 2021, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo Goitibera ta ƙaddamar da ''Kasilda, bukatzen ez den sua'', wasan kwaikwayo don girmama ta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perez |first=Agus |date=23 October 2021 |title=Saskiaren neska: 'Kasilda, bukatzen ez den sua' |url=https://www.berria.eus/paperekoa/1946/025/002/2021-10-23/saskiaren-neska.htm |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[Berria]] |language=eu}}</ref> A cikin 2022 daftarin aiki ''Casilda, el eco de otros pasos'', na darektan Juan Felipe, yayi hulɗa da adadi na Hernáez. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 November 2022 |title=26 de noviembre. Presentacion del documental 'Casilda, el eco de otros pasos // Beste pausuen oihartzuna' |url=https://www.cnt.es/noticias/26-de-noviembre-presentacion-del-documental-casilda-el-eco-de-otros-pasos-beste-pausuen-oihartzuna/ |access-date=30 May 2023 |website=[[Confederación Nacional del Trabajo]]}}</ref> A wannan shekara kuma an ga buga littafin labari mai hoto ''Casilda revolucionaria'' na Rubén Uceda Villanueva, wanda ya ba da labarin rayuwarta a cikin mutum na farko. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1914]] q1gvf3zgwbhtquwgfid3czp5n3427e8 0 143483 905410 840117 2026-08-21T05:56:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwen Mary Moffat''' ( ''an'' haife '''ta''' a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1924) ƙwararriyar mai hawa dutse ce kuma marubuciya 'yar Birtaniya. == Aikin hawan dutse == Moffat direban soja ce a rundunar sojojin agaji, wacce ke aiki a Arewacin Wales bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, lokacin da ta haɗu da wani mai hawan dutse wanda ya gabatar da ita ga hawan dutse da salon rayuwa na bohemian. [1] [2] A lokacin shekarun 1940 da 1950, ta rayu cikin mawuyacin hali, tana hawa dutse a Snowdonia, Tafkuna, Scotland da Alps, tana tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar yin aiki a wurare da dama, ciki har da aikin gida, manomi, mai kula da gandun daji, mai zane mai zane da kuma direban shagon tafiye-tafiye. [2] [1] A shekarar 1953, ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama jagorar tsaunuka a Burtaniya wacce ta sami takardar shedar zama jagora a tsaunuka, kuma tsawon shekaru goma tana da alaƙa da Hukumar Ceto Dutsen RAF, tana samun abin rayuwa daga hawan dutse. [3] An san Moffatt da yawan hawa babu takalmi, tana da'awar cewa ya fi kyau saboda akwai ƙarin hulɗa da dutsen kuma babu takurawa a yatsun kafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gwen Moffat // Interview |url=http://www.womenclimb.co.uk/gwen-moffat-interview/ |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=womenclimb.co.uk}}</ref> Ita memba ce ta girmamawa a Ƙungiyar Pinnacle ta mata kawai da Majalisar Kula da Dutsen Burtaniya . == Kafofin Watsa Labarai == Moffat ta fito a fim ɗin BBC mai suna ''Eye to Eye'', wanda aka watsa a shekarar 1958. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Rediscovered: TV film of climbing history |url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/rediscovered-tv-film-of-climbing-history |access-date=2018-07-28 |website=www.thebmc.co.uk |archive-date=2018-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729013056/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/rediscovered-tv-film-of-climbing-history |url-status=dead }}</ref> Joe Brown ya yi hawan dutse mai wahala, kuma Moffat, ƙwararriyar, ta ɗauki mijinta zuwa kan hanya a kan Idwal Slabs. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2015, Jen Randall da Claire Carter sun yi wani fim mai ''suna Operation Moffat,'' wanda ya dogara ne akan littafin tarihin rayuwar Moffat mai suna ''Space below my Feet'' ''.'' An fara nuna fim ɗin ne a lokacin rangadin bikin fina-finai na Banff Mountain a Burtaniya, kuma ya lashe kyaututtukan fina-finai sama da 20 na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BMC TV's Operation Moffat: swarming to a screen near you |url=https://www.thebmc.co.uk/bmc-tvs-operation-moffat-swarming-to-a-screen-near-you |access-date=2018-07-28 |website=www.thebmc.co.uk |archive-date=2018-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729013052/https://www.thebmc.co.uk/bmc-tvs-operation-moffat-swarming-to-a-screen-near-you |url-status=dead }}</ref> Moffat yana cikin aikin daukar hoto na Herrington mai suna ''The Climbers'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Natalie |date=28 June 2017 |title=INTERVIEW: Reading Between the Lines - Gwen Moffat |url=https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/reading_between_the_lines_-_gwen_moffat-9478 |access-date=25 January 2018 |publisher=UKC}}</ref> wanda ke nuna masu hawan dutse 60 waɗanda aka ɗauka a matsayin tatsuniyoyi na ƙarni na 20. A shekarar 2017 ta ba da gudummawa ga wani shirin fim mai suna ''Give Me Space Below My Feet'', na BBC Radio 3. A shekarar 2015, wani gajeren shirin fim mai suna Operation Moffat—wanda Jen Randall da Claire Carter suka jagoranta, kuma aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga tarihin rayuwar Moffat mai suna Space Below My Feet—ya lashe kyautar Fim mafi kyau da kuma kyautar People's Choice a bikin Kendal Mountain Festival . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 Film Competition Winners |url=https://www.kendalmountainfestival.com/2015-film-competition-winners |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=Kendal Mountain Festival }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin rubutu == Moffat ta fara aikinta na rubutu a shekarun 1950, tana aiki a rediyon BBC, kuma ta buga tarihin rayuwarta a shekarar 1961. A shekarun 1970, ta fara rubuta labaran laifuka, musamman jerin Miss Pink wanda ya ƙunshi Melinda Pink, wata mai hawa dutse mai matsakaicin shekaru kuma alkali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gwen Moffat |url=http://www.twbooks.co.uk/authors/gmoffat.html |access-date=25 January 2018 |website=twbooks.co.uk |publisher=Tangled Web}}</ref> Bayan wani umarni daga Victor Gollancz Ltd na bin hanyar California <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gwen Moffat |url=http://www.twbooks.co.uk/authors/gmoffat.html |access-date=2018-07-28 |website=twbooks.co.uk |publisher=Tangled Web}}</ref> da kuma samar da littafi, daga baya ta rubuta asirai 11 da aka saita a Yammacin Amurka . <ref name=":3" /> Ta rubuta littafinta na ƙarshe, ''Gone Feral'', lokacin da take cikin shekarunta na 80. A halin yanzu tana yin bita ga mujallar laifuka ''ta Shots'' . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Moffat ta auri Gordon Moffat wanda ta haifa masa 'ya mace, Sheena, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1949. A shekarar 1955, ta auri Sajan Jirgin Sama John Lees, GM, BEM. Sun rabu a shekarar 1970. <ref name=":1"/> Moffat ya cika shekaru 100 a ranar 3 ga Yuli, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2024 |title=Cumbria and Lakeland Walker July 2024 issue |url=https://shop.dalesman.co.uk/cumbria-and-lakeland-walker-july-2024-issue.html |access-date=3 July 2024 |publisher=Cumbria and Lakeland Walker}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Sarari a Ƙasa da Ƙafata'' (1961) * ''Taurari Biyu Ja'' (1964) * ''A Gidana'' (1968) * ''Adadin Rayuwa'' (1972) * ''Mutuwar Deviant'' (1973) * ''Uwargida Mai Ido Mai Sanyi'' (Melinda Pink) (1973) * ''Titin Gawa'' (1974). * ''Zaɓin Tauri'' (1975) * ''Miss Pink a gefen duniya'' (Melinda Pink) (1975) * ''Lokaci Mai Ƙanƙanta Don Rayuwa'' (Melinda Pink) (1976) * ''Over the Sea to Death'' (Melinda Pink) (1976) * ''Mutane Ba a San Su Ba'' (Melinda Pink) (1978) * ''Hanyar Hard West'' (1981) * ''Mutu Kamar Kare'' (Melinda Pink) (1982) * ''Yarinyar Buckskin'' (1982) * ''Ƙasar Chance ta Ƙarshe'' (Melinda Pink) (1983) * ''Hanyar Grizzly'' (Melinda Pink) (1984) * ''Tarko'' (Melinda Pink) (1987) * ''The Stone Hawk'' (Melinda Pink) (1989) * ''Masu Neman Guguwa'' (1989) * ''Rage'' (Melinda Pink) (1990) * ''Yankin Raptor'' (Melinda Pink) (1990) * ''Pit Bull'' (1991) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwan Veronica'' (Melinda Pink) (1992) * ''Gefen Waje'' (1993) * ''Matar da aka Yiwa Rauni'' (1994) * ''Wreath of Deaths'' (1998) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan Matan da Suka Rasa'' (Melinda Pink) (1998) * ''Zunubai Masu Zaman Kansu (Melinda Pink)'' (1999) * ''Kare Masu Gudun'' (1999) * ''Quicksand'' (2001) * Sakayya (Melinda Pink) (2002) * ''Tarkon Mutum (2003)'' * ''Mutuwa Don Soyayya'' (2005) * ''Gone Feral'' (2007) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1924]] f33hk9860yrnbeot9q5dwlj5zj8kjwb 0 145959 905098 811234 2026-08-20T15:50:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Ya Eli Harding''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 1956) ita ce Babbar Kwamishiniya ta Gambia, a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] daga shekarun 2007 zuwa 2013, sannan ta zama Jakadiyar Gambia ta farko a Burtaniya daga shekarun 2013 zuwa 2017, lokacin da aka maye gurbinta da [[Francis Blain]]. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Harding a ranar 23 ga watan Maris 1956, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=LE LETTERE CREDENZIALI DEGLI AMBASCIATORI DI: THAILANDIA, SEYCHELLES, NAMIBIA, GAMBIA, SURINAME, SINGAPORE, KUWAIT |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/12/13/0663/01787.html#DISCORSO+DEL+SANTO+PADRE+ALL%E2%80%99AMBASCIATORE+DI+GAMBIA+PRESSO+LA+SANTA+SEDE,+S.E.+LA+SIG.RA+ELIZABETH+YA+ELI+HARDING |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref> kuma ta yi karatu a makarantar sakandare a [[Banjul]], sannan ta sami tallafi daga Commonwealth don halartar wani shirin diflomasiyya a Faransa, sannan ta yi karatu a Scotland da Kanada. <ref name="diplomatmagazine.com">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Gambia - Diplomat Magazine |url=http://www.diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/africa/gambia/ |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=diplomatmagazine.com}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Glasgow Caledonian. <ref name="diplomatmagazine.com" /> == Aiki == Harding ta kasance Babbar Kwamishiniya Gambiya a Burtaniya daga ranar 20 ga watan Agusta 2007 zuwa 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=The Gambia High Commission |url=https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/contactsdirectory/az.aspx?searchletter=g&orgid=5163 |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=www.rbkc.gov.uk |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107011855/https://www.rbkc.gov.uk/contactsdirectory/az.aspx?searchletter=g&orgid=5163 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga shekarar 2013, Mrs. Harding ta kasance jakadiyar Burtaniya, har sai da aka sake kiranta a shekarar 2017. Tun daga lokacin aka maye gurbinta da [[Francis Blain]]. A watan Disamba a shekarar 2014, an sami "gungun jami'an diflomasiyyar Gambia" da laifin gudanar da "mai shan taba ba tare da haraji ba" daga harabar ofishin jakadancin da ke Landan na tsawon shekaru uku, da kuma guje wa haraji na fam miliyan 5. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Agency |date=8 December 2014 |title=Diplomats who ran tax-free tobacconist from the Gambian embassy found guilty |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/11280126/Diplomats-who-ran-tax-free-tobacconist-from-the-Gambian-embassy-face-jail.html |access-date=6 November 2017 |publisher= |via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}</ref> <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |last= |date=8 December 2014 |title=Gambian diplomats guilty of tobacco fraud |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/gambian-diplomats-found-guilty-of-using-london-embassy-for-tobacco-fraud-9911414.html |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=independent.co.uk}}</ref> An sami mutane bakwai ciki har da Mataimakin Shugaban Ofishin Jakadancin Gambia, Yusupha Bojang, da laifi. <ref name="auto" /> Sun yi odar tan 32 na taba sigari ba tare da haraji ba, kuma sun yi amfani da wata dabara da ta samar da keɓancewa ba tare da haraji ba ga kayayyaki don amfanin kansu, duk da cewa babu ɗayansu da ya sha taba. <ref name="auto" /> Harding ta bayyana a zaman sauraron ƙarar, amma ba wacce ake tuhuma ba ce, kuma ta ce ta yi amfani da wannan dabarar don siyan turare da shinkafa, amma ba ta taɓa yin magana game da hakan da ma'aikatanta ba, kuma ta san cin zarafin damar diflomasiyya ne kawai bayan da Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Tarayyar Turai na Burtaniya ya rubuta mata wasiƙa. <ref name="auto" /> <ref name="independent.co.uk" /> A watan Disamba a shekarar 2016, jakadu 11 ciki har da Harding sun rubuta wa Shugaban Gambia na wancan lokacin, [[Yahya Jammeh]], wanda ya sha kaye a zaben watan Disamba na 1, amma ya ki amincewa da shan kaye, ya amince da sakamakon ya kuma sauka daga mulki cikin lumana. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Gambia: Breaking News: Gambian Diplomats Call On Jammeh To Step Down – Freedom Newspaper |url=https://www.freedomnewspaper.com/gambia-breaking-news-gambian-diplomats-call-on-jammeh-to-step-down/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221012919/http://www.freedomnewspaper.com/gambia-breaking-news-gambian-diplomats-call-on-jammeh-to-step-down/ |archive-date=December 21, 2016 |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=www.freedomnewspaper.com}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2017, Jammeh ya kori jakadu 12, ciki har da Harding. <ref name="SMBC Gambia">{{Cite web |last=Phatey |first=Sam |title=Gambia's President Jammeh fires nine more ambassadors |url=https://gambia.smbcgo.com/2017/01/10/gambias-president-jammeh-fires-nine-more-ambassadors/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131194451/https://gambia.smbcgo.com/2017/01/10/gambias-president-jammeh-fires-nine-more-ambassadors/ |archive-date=31 January 2017 |access-date=7 November 2017 |website=SMBC Gambia}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2017, sabon Shugaban Gambia, [[Adama Barrow]], ya mayar da jakadun da aka kora. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2 February 2017 |title=Gambian Ambassadors fired by Jammeh reinstated - SMBC GAMBIA |url=https://smbcgo.com/2017/02/02/gambian-ambassadors-fired-jammeh-reinstated/ |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=smbcgo.com}}</ref> == Girmamawa == Harding memba ce ta ƙungiyar 'yan [[Order of the Republic of The Gambia|adawa ta Jamhuriyar Gambiya]]. <ref name="diplomatmagazine.com"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Harding tana da aure, tana da 'ya'ya huɗu. <ref name="diplomatmagazine.com"/> == Duba kuma == * Babban Kwamishinan Gambia a Burtaniya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8ras8sovgcl1nfyki1fvzxqm27711f5 0 146649 905356 827215 2026-08-21T03:40:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gisèle Bedan''' (an haife ta 5 Bangui, 1966) 'yar siyasa ce daga [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. Ta kasance Ministar Ilimi ta Ƙasa, Ilimi mafi girma da Binciken Kimiyya daga shekarun 2014 zuwa 2015, tana aiki a gwamnatoci biyu. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bedan a shekarar 1966 a Bangui. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2014-02-03 |title=Gisèle Bedan, d'un lycée de la région parisienne au ministère centrafricain de l'Éducation |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/165837/politique/gis-le-bedan-d-un-lyc-e-de-la-r-gion-parisienne-au-minist-re-centrafricain-de-l-ducation/ |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin jami'in diflomasiyya kuma mahaifiyarta malama ce.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1996, Bedan ta kafa makarantar 'low cost' ga matasa a Bangui, wacce ta gudanar har zuwa shekara ta 2012.<ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki a ilimi a Faransa a shekarar 2013 a makarantar sakandare ta Rostand, Paris. Ita ce mamba ta kafa kungiyar League for Education, Science and Culture in Africa (LESCA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Entretien de Vincent Peillon, ministre de l'éducation nationale avec Gisèle Bedan, ministre de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique de la République Centrafricaine |url=https://www.education.gouv.fr/cid77052/entretien-de-vincent-peillon-avec-gisele-bedan-ministre-en-republique-centrafricaine.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205172330/https://www.education.gouv.fr/cid77052/entretien-de-vincent-peillon-avec-gisele-bedan-ministre-en-republique-centrafricaine.html |archive-date=2020-02-05 |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == An naɗa Bedan a matsayin Ministar Ilimi a ranar 27 ga watan Janairun 2014, don aiki a gwamnati a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista Andre Nzapayeké. Shugaba Catherine Samba-Panza ne ya naɗa ta. A lokacin da take aiki ta yi aiki tare da [[UNESCO]] don gina sabon cibiyar al'adu ga matasa a Gundumar Bangui ta 4, inda ta kafa harsashin tushe tare da Darakta Janar Irina Bokova. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-16 |title=Central African Youth: a force for reconciliation and peace |url=https://en.unesco.org/news/central-african-youth-force-reconciliation-and-peace-0 |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> Ta nemi dala miliyan 15.5 na kuɗaɗen don tallafawa ilimi a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A New Education Strategy in the Central African Republic |url=https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/new-education-strategy-central-african-republic |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=www.globalpartnership.org |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205172331/https://www.globalpartnership.org/blog/new-education-strategy-central-african-republic |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2014 ta halarci taron koli na duniya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2014 Ministerial Roundtable – Global Summit of Women |url=https://globewomen.org/globalsummit/index.php/sample-page/ministerial-roundtable/ |access-date=2020-02-05 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar gwamnati wacce ta sami Yuro miliyan 5 don horar da sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5 Millions d'euros pour l'Education |url=https://cf.ambafrance.org/5-Millions-d-euros-pour-l |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926152915/https://cf.ambafrance.org/5-Millions-d-euros-pour-l |archive-date=2020-09-26 |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=La France en République centrafricaine |language=fr}}</ref> Ta yi magana game da buƙatar ilimi, musamman a cikin ƙasashe marasa kwanciyar hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-27 |title=7 milliards de voisins - Global partnership for education: éducation dans les pays fragiles: où en est-on ? |url=http://www.rfi.fr/fr/emission/20140627-global-partnership-for-education-education-pays-fragiles-est-on |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> Bedan ta kuma shiga cikin ayyukan diflomasiyya a matsayin minista, gami da jagorantar tattaunawa game da nuna bambanci ga sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya daga Chadi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-04-15 |title=La Centrafrique ne mènera pas une campagne contre le Tchad |url=https://cameroonvoice.com/news/2014/04/15/la-centrafrique-ne-menera-pas-une-campagne-contre-le-tchad/ |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=Cameroonvoice |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2020-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205172331/https://cameroonvoice.com/news/2014/04/15/la-centrafrique-ne-menera-pas-une-campagne-contre-le-tchad/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan ya shafi magance tashin hankali a kan ƙungiyoyi ba da agaji na ƙasashen waje.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamba/ACAP |first=Sébastien |title=La ministre Mme Gisèle Bédan, porte parole du gouvernement rassure les acteurs humanitaires que leur sécurité serait garantie |url=https://www.acap.cf/La-ministre-Mme-Gisele-Bedan-porte-parole-du-gouvernement-rassure-les-acteurs-humanitaires-que-leur-securite-serait_a5915.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200205172330/https://www.acap.cf/La-ministre-Mme-Gisele-Bedan-porte-parole-du-gouvernement-rassure-les-acteurs-humanitaires-que-leur-securite-serait_a5915.html |archive-date=2020-02-05 |access-date=2020-02-05 |website=AGENCE CENTRAFRICAINE DE PRESSE- République Centrafricaine, Bangui |language=fr}}</ref> Matsayin Bedan a matsayin Minista da farko Mahamat Kamoun ne ya sabunta shi, amma a ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2015, lokacin da Kamoun ya kafa gwamnatinsa ta biyu an yi watsi da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centrafrique : l'ancienne Ministre de l'Éducation Madame Gisèle Bedan en colère contre "les ténèbres" |url=http://www.corbeaunews.ca/centrafrique-lancienne-ministre-de-leducation-madame-gisele-bedan-en-colere-contre-les-tenebres/}}</ref> Bedan ta yi iƙirarin cewa an tilasta mata ta yi murabus saboda barazanar mutuwa.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Centrafrique : l'ancienne Ministre de l'Éducation Madame Gisèle Bedan en colère contre " les ténèbres " |url=http://dabealvi.over-blog.com/2019/01/centrafrique-l-ancienne-ministre-de-l-education-madame-gisele-bedan-en-colere-contre-les-tenebres.html}}</ref> Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yi iƙirarin cewa 'ba za a iya sarrafawa ba' saboda cin hanci da rashawa.<ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m4b0nj3p4vvw560b9ee0w8o07wvkg9o 0 148355 905363 823114 2026-08-21T03:49:06Z BnHamid 12586 905363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gordon in 2024.jpg|thumb]] '''Anthony Michael Gordon''' (an haife shi 24 Fabrairu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ''winger'' ga ƙungiyar [[Newcastle United]] a gasar Firimiya ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Gordon Profile|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/|publisher=Premier League}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Anthony Gordon a birnin Liverpool na ƙasar Ingila. Ya taso yana sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Everton F.C.]] yana da shekara 11.<ref>{{cite web|title=Everton Academy Profile|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/players|publisher=Everton FC}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Everton === Gordon ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Everton a shekarar 2017 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa. Ya buga wasanni da dama a gasar Firimiya tare da taimakawa ƙungiyar a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gordon makes Everton breakthrough|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> === Preston North End (aro) === A shekarar 2021, an bayar da shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar [[Preston North End F.C.]] domin samun ƙarin kwarewa. Ya buga wasanni 11 kafin ya koma Everton.<ref>{{cite web|title=Preston sign Gordon on loan|publisher=Sky Sports|url=https://www.skysports.com}}</ref> === Newcastle United === A watan Janairu 2023, Gordon ya koma [[Newcastle United F.C.]] kan kuɗi mai yawa. Tun bayan komawarsa, ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar inda ya riƙa zura ƙwallaye tare da bayar da taimako.<ref>{{cite news|title=Newcastle sign Anthony Gordon|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Gordon ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U16, U18 da U21. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar U21, inda ya taimaka wajen samun nasarori a gasannin Turai na matasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=England U21 Squad|publisher=The FA|url=https://www.thefa.com}}</ref> == Salon Wasansa == Anthony Gordon ana saninsa da sauri, iya sarrafa ƙwallo, da kuma iya kai hari daga gefen fili. Yakan taka leda a matsayin winger na hagu ko dama, kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen karya tsaro.<ref>{{cite web|title=Player Analysis: Anthony Gordon|publisher=Premier League|url=https://www.premierleague.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2001 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:English footballers]] [[Category:Newcastle United F.C. players]] [[Category:Everton F.C. players]] [[Category:People from Liverpool]] qazy0ewibht2apq386v71b1sdjcp6e4 905364 905363 2026-08-21T03:50:33Z BnHamid 12586 905364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Gordon in 2024.jpg|thumb]] '''Anthony Michael Gordon''' (an haife shi 24 Fabrairu 2001) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ''winger'' ga ƙungiyar [[Newcastle United]] a gasar Firimiya ta Ingila.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Gordon Profile|url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/|publisher=Premier League}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Anthony Gordon a birnin Liverpool na ƙasar Ingila. Ya taso yana sha’awar ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami, inda ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta [[Everton F.C.]] yana da shekara 11.<ref>{{cite web|title=Everton Academy Profile|url=https://www.evertonfc.com/players|publisher=Everton FC}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Everton === Gordon ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar Everton a shekarar 2017 bayan ya fito daga ajin matasa. Ya buga wasanni da dama a gasar Firimiya tare da taimakawa ƙungiyar a lokuta masu muhimmanci.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gordon makes Everton breakthrough|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> === Preston North End (aro) === A shekarar 2021, an bayar da shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar [[Preston North End F.C.]] domin samun ƙarin kwarewa. Ya buga wasanni 11 kafin ya koma Everton.<ref>{{cite web|title=Preston sign Gordon on loan|publisher=Sky Sports|url=https://www.skysports.com}}</ref> === Newcastle United === A watan Janairu 2023, Gordon ya koma [[Newcastle United F.C.]] kan kuɗi mai yawa. Tun bayan komawarsa, ya zama muhimmin ɓangare na ƙungiyar inda ya riƙa zura ƙwallaye tare da bayar da taimako.<ref>{{cite news|title=Newcastle sign Anthony Gordon|publisher=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Gordon ya wakilci Ingila a matakan U16, U18 da U21. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tawagar U21, inda ya taimaka wajen samun nasarori a gasannin Turai na matasa.<ref>{{cite web|title=England U21 Squad|publisher=The FA|url=https://www.thefa.com}}</ref> == Salon Wasansa == Anthony Gordon ana saninsa da sauri, iya sarrafa ƙwallo, da kuma iya kai hari daga gefen fili. Yakan taka leda a matsayin winger na hagu ko dama, kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen karya tsaro.<ref>{{cite web|title=Player Analysis: Anthony Gordon|publisher=Premier League|url=https://www.premierleague.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila]] [[Category:'Yan wasan Newcastle United F.C.] [[Category:'Yan wasan Everton F.C.] [[Category:Mutane daga Liverpool]] h9y1fhdg6q2a0spgvx7t54qt50jfbqa 0 148415 905375 824191 2026-08-21T03:58:29Z BnHamid 12586 905375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatimo Isaak Bihi''' tsohon jami'in diflomasiyyar [[Somaliya]] ne. Ita ce jakada ta farko da ta taɓa zama (Ambassador a [[Switzerland]]). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-21 |title=A Surprise Visit by Ambassador Extraordinaire Fatima Bihi |url=https://wardheernews.com/a-surprise-visit-by-ambassador-extraordinaire-fatima-bihi/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=WardheerNews |language=en}}</ref> Bihi kuma tsohon Darakta ne na [[African Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs|Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Afirka]], da kuma kasancewa tsohon Wakilin Dindindin na Somalia a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ebtvswiga5l0zwevg6cm8328vj3ey7s 0 150317 905055 858185 2026-08-20T13:32:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <ref>{{Soccerway|ebenezer-ackon/446866|accessdate=8 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24801713|title=Ebenezer Ackon|accessdate=8 February 2019|publisher=USL League Two|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124433/https://www.uslleaguetwo.com/roster_players/24801713|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}'''Ebenezer "Eby" Ackon''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1996) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ebenezer Ackon |url=https://www.midwestprocombine.com/ebenezer-ackon/ |access-date=8 February 2019 |publisher=Midwest Pro Soccer Combine |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124406/https://www.midwestprocombine.com/ebenezer-ackon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Ebusua Dwarfs |2016 |Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana |9 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |9 |0 |- |Lansing United |2018 |PDL |11 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |1 [ƙasa-alpha 1] |0 |12 |0 |- |San Antonio FC |2019 |Gasar USL |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |'''Cikakken aikinsa''' !20 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !21 !0 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] hqh0y84l1cpcnctypvshqomi9jlkneh 0 150354 905360 833618 2026-08-21T03:47:19Z BnHamid 12586 905360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:FC Salzburg gegen FC Porto (2025-09-25 UEFA Euro League ) 73.jpg|thumb]] '''Samuel Omorodion Aghehowa''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Samu Aghehowa''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Spain wanda aka haifa ranar 5 ga watan Mayun shekara ta 2004 a birnin Melilla na ƙasar Spain. Yana taka leda a matsayin ɗan gaba ga ƙungiyar [[FC Porto]] ta ƙasar Portugal da kuma tawagar ƙasar Spain. Samu yana daga cikin matasan ‘yan wasan gaba da suka yi fice sosai a Turai saboda ƙarfinsa, tsayinsa da kuma iya cin ƙwallaye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Samu Aghehowa a Melilla, wani yanki na Spain da ke Arewacin Afirka. Iyaye ne ‘yan asalin Najeriya suka haife shi, sannan daga baya iyalinsu suka koma birnin Sevilla inda ya taso yana sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Ya fara buga ƙwallo ne a makarantar matasa ta AD Nervión kafin daga baya ya shiga tsarin koyar da matasa na Granada CF.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia en Español}}</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == === Granada === Samu ya shiga makarantar matasa ta Granada a shekarar 2021. Bayan nuna bajinta a ƙungiyar matasa, an ɗaga shi zuwa Granada B inda ya zura ƙwallaye masu yawa a gasar Segunda RFEF. Kyakkyawan bajintarsa ta sa aka kira shi zuwa babbar ƙungiyar Granada a shekarar 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcporto.pt/es/futbol/fcporto/jugador/samu-aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa profile|website=FC Porto}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga watan Agustan shekarar 2023 ne Samu ya fara bugawa Granada wasa a gasar La Liga, inda ya ci ƙwallo a karon farko da ya buga wa ƙungiyar a wasan da suka yi da Atlético Madrid. Wannan nasara ta sa sunansa ya fara karɓuwa a ƙasashen Turai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia en Español}}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === A watan Agustan shekarar 2023, Atlético Madrid ta sayi Samu Aghehowa bayan ta biya kuɗin sakin kwantiraginsa daga Granada. Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya ta shekaru biyar da ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, nan take aka tura shi aro zuwa Deportivo Alavés domin samun damar buga wasa akai-akai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Alavés === Yayin da yake aro a Alavés, Samu ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan ‘yan wasan La Liga. Ya ci ƙwallaye takwas a kakar 2023–24 kuma ya kasance babban mai cin ƙwallaye na ƙungiyar. Salon wasansa mai amfani da ƙarfi da gudu ya ja hankalin manyan kulob din Turai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === FC Porto === A watan Agustan shekarar 2024, Samu Aghehowa ya koma ƙungiyar FC Porto ta Portugal kan kuɗi kusan Euro miliyan 15. Ya fara rayuwarsa a Porto cikin nasara inda ya ci ƙwallaye masu yawa a gasar Primeira Liga da kuma UEFA Europa League.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcporto.pt/es/futbol/fcporto/jugador/samu-aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa profile|website=FC Porto}}</ref> A kakarsa ta farko da Porto, Samu ya kafa tarihi da yawan ƙwallayen da ya ci, lamarin da ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan gaba a Turai. Haka kuma ya samu lambobin yabo na ɗan wasan wata a gasar Portugal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Tawagar ƙasa == Samu Aghehowa ya cancanci bugawa ƙasar Najeriya saboda asalin iyayensa, amma ya zaɓi wakiltar ƙasar Spain. Ya fara buga wa tawagar matasa ta Spain wasa tun daga U19 zuwa U21. A shekarar 2024 ya taimaka wa Spain U23 wajen lashe lambar zinariya a gasar Olympics ta Paris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> Daga baya kuma ya fara bugawa babbar tawagar ƙasar Spain wasa a shekarar 2024 bayan da mai horarwa Luis de la Fuente ya kira shi cikin tawaga saboda bajintarsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cadenaser.com/nacional/2024/11/13/mi-madre-se-puso-a-llorar-samu-aghehowa-relata-la-emocion-de-su-primera-convocatoria-con-espana-como-colofon-a-una-dura-historia-de-inmigracion-cadena-ser/|title=Samu Aghehowa first Spain call-up|publisher=Cadena SER}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Ana kallon Samu Aghehowa a matsayin ɗan gaba na zamani saboda haɗa ƙarfi, tsawo, gudu da iya kare ƙwallo. Yana iya amfani da ƙafafunsa biyu wajen zura ƙwallo sannan kuma yana da ƙwarewa wajen kai hari ta sama saboda tsayinsa mai yawa. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa sun bayyana shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai kama da Diego Costa saboda salon wasansa na ƙarfi da faɗa a gaba.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta kashin kai == A shekarar 2024, Samu ya bayyana cewa yana son a riƙa kiransa da sunan mahaifiyarsa “Aghehowa” domin girmama ta saboda irin wahalhalun da ta sha wajen rainonsa da tallafa masa zuwa matakin da ya kai.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://cadenaser.com/nacional/2024/11/13/mi-madre-se-puso-a-llorar-samu-aghehowa-relata-la-emocion-de-su-primera-convocatoria-con-espana-como-colofon-a-una-dura-historia-de-inmigracion-cadena-ser/|title=Samu Aghehowa honours his mother|publisher=Cadena SER}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Spain U23 === * Zinariyar gasar Olympics: 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> === Porto === * Primeira Liga: 2025–26<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samu_Aghehowa|title=Samu Aghehowa|website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Spain]] [[Category:Yan wasan FC Porto]] [[Category:Yan wasan Atlético Madrid]] [[Category:Yan wasan Granada CF]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka haifa a 2004]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] 7c4x385u5d27b06ix7f6660l4mfsjd4 0 150471 905552 840135 2026-08-21T10:42:49Z Zahrah0 14848 905552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hafiz Adams''' (an haife shi a ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta alif 1992) <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Ghana - H. Adams - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |url=https://gh.soccerway.com/players/hafiz-adams/436048/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=gh.soccerway.com}}</ref> ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida na Real Tamale United na Gasar Firimiya ta Ghana . Ya taba taka leda kuma ya zama kyaftin din Wa All Stars zuwa gasar zakarun farko a shekarar 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-12-05 |title=Wa All Stars captain Hafiz Adams joins Aduana Stars |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Wa-All-Stars-captain-Hafiz-Adams-joins-Aduana-Stars-606925 |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Malik |first=Fiifi Abdul |date=7 December 2017 |title=Hafiz Adams finally signs 3 years for Aduana |url=https://mobile.ghanaguardian.com/hafiz-adams-finally-signs-3-years-for-aduana |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001102722/https://mobile.ghanaguardian.com/hafiz-adams-finally-signs-3-years-for-aduana |archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Wa All Stars === Adams ya fara aikinsa a kulob din garinsu na [[Legon Cities FC|Wa All Stars]], yanzu Legon Cities FC, ya kammala karatu daga kungiyar matasa zuwa kyaftin din kulob din.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-28 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Wa All Stars captain Hafiz Adams to sign three-year deal with champions Aduana Stars |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/exclusive-wa-all-stars-captain-hafiz-adams-to-sign-three-year-deal-with-champions-aduana-stars |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> Ya shafe shekaru takwas tare da kulob din, daga shekarar 2009 zuwa shekara ta 2017. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> A lokacin kakar 2016, ya buga wasanni 28 daga cikin 30 na gasar da ya taimaka musu wajen samun lambar yabo ta farko, wanda ya zama karo na farko da kungiyar daga Arewacin Ghana ta lashe lambar yabo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Aduana Stars chase All Stars captain Hafiz Adams - Kickgh.com |url=https://www.kickgh.com/ghana-premier-league/3902-aduana-stars-chase-all-stars-captain-hafiz-adams |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001132221/https://www.kickgh.com/ghana-premier-league/3902-aduana-stars-chase-all-stars-captain-hafiz-adams |archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.kickgh.com |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Owusu |first=Benedict |date=19 September 2019 |title=Wa All Stars skipper Hafiz Adams happy with historic league title success - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/wa-all-stars-skipper-hafiz-adams-happy-with-historic-league-title-success/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Reuben Obodai |date=19 September 2019 |title=Hafiz Adams attributes Hasaacas loss to fatigue |url=https://www.happyghana.com/hafiz-adams-attributes-hasaacas-loss-to-fatigue/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=Happy Ghana |language=}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin din kulob din a wannan kakar har sai da ya bar a shekarar 2017.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Koranteng |first=Daniel |date=2 February 2017 |title=Wa All Stars captain Adams eyeing treble |url=https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/02/02/wa-all-stars-captain-adams-eyeing-treble/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=Citi Sport |language= |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430005327/https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/02/02/wa-all-stars-captain-adams-eyeing-treble/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":7" /> Ya ci gaba kuma ya buga wasanni 16 a kakar 2017.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Hafiz Adams - Soccer player profile & career statistics - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/hafiz-adams/115578/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2017, bayan wani yanayi mai ban sha'awa, an haɗa Adams da tafiya zuwa League Champions Aduana Stars na lokacin.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tahiru |first=Fentuo |date=16 November 2017 |title="Wa All Stars won't stop Hafiz Adams from joining Aduana Stars" – Oduro Nyarko |url=https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/11/16/wa-all-stars-wont-stop-hafiz-adams-from-joining-aduana-stars-oduro-nyarko/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=Citi Sport |language= |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430005328/https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/11/16/wa-all-stars-wont-stop-hafiz-adams-from-joining-aduana-stars-oduro-nyarko/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Taurari na Kwastam === A ranar 6 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2017, Adams ya shiga kungiyar Aduana Stars da ke Dormaa a gaban gasar GHALCA Top 8 yayin da kulob din ya shirya don karfafa tawagar su kafin fara Gasar Zakarun CAF ta 2018 . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Yeboah |first=Thomas Freeman |date=6 December 2017 |title=Wa All Stars skipper joins Ghana champions Aduana Stars |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/caf-champions-league-wa-all-stars-skipper-joins-ghana-champions-aduana-stars/5qrp5ly |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Quao |first=Nathan |date=6 December 2017 |title=Wa All Stars captain Hafiz Adams joins Aduana Stars |url=https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/12/06/wa-all-stars-captain-hafiz-adams-joins-aduana-stars/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=Citi Sport |language= |archive-date=30 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430003957/https://sport.citifmonline.com/2017/12/06/wa-all-stars-captain-hafiz-adams-joins-aduana-stars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da kulob din bayan nasarar tattaunawa da kuma wuce magungunan tilas. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":8" /> Ana sa ran zai maye gurbin Godfred Saka, wanda ya daɗe yana aiki a hannun dama na Aduana, wanda ya koma kulob din [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba FC]] na Najeriya.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> A lokacin kakar 2018 ta Ghana Premier League, ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya zira kwallaye daya.<ref name=":5"/> A cikin GFA Standardization Committee Special Competition na 2019, ya buga wasanni 11.<ref name=":5"/> A lokacin kakar 2019-20 ta Ghana Premier League, ya buga wasanni 5 kafin a dakatar da gasar sakamakon annobar COVID-19. Tare da ƙungiyar da aka shirya don sake farawa ya sanya jerin sunayen tawagar don kakar 2020-21 ta Ghana Premier League. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Benaiah Elorm and Al-Smith Gary |date=13 November 2020 |title=The ultimate 18-team Ghana Premier League season guide 2020/21 - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/the-ultimate-18-team-ghana-premier-league-season-guide-2020-21/ |access-date=17 April 2021 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2020, Adams ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar tsawaita shekara guda na ɗan gajeren lokaci tare da kulob din, wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kulob din har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2020-21.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osman |first=Abdul Wadudu |date=2020-12-15 |title=Hafiz Adams signs contract extension at Aduana Stars |url=https://footballmadeinghana.com/2020/12/15/hafiz-adams-signs-contract-extension-at-aduana-stars/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215122801/https://footballmadeinghana.com/2020/12/15/hafiz-adams-signs-contract-extension-at-aduana-stars/ |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=Football Made In Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 2021, an yanke masa hukunci a matsayin Mutumin wasan bayan wani nuni mai ban sha'awa wajen taimaka wa tawagarsa zuwa nasarar 2-1 bayan kwallaye daga [[Yahaya Mohammed]] da [[Fatawu Abdulrahman|Fatawu Abdulrahaman]] a kan tsohon kulob dinsa Legon Cities . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Aduana Stars defender Hafiz Adams bags MoTM in victory against Legon Cities FC |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/aduana-stars-defender-hafiz-adams-bags-motm-in-victory-against-legon-cities-fc |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] eq1y87ttbgq9fzx3s4fjw3vh5ua01iz 0 150617 905330 834279 2026-08-20T22:47:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gabriel Osei Misehouy''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Yuli 2005) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Holland wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya na gaba]] a ƙungiyar Aris ta ƙasar Girka ta Super League, a matsayin aro daga ƙungiyar La Liga ta [[Girona FC|Girona]] . == Sana'a == === Ajax === Misehouy, ɗan wasa daga ƙungiyar OSV da Ajax, ya yi aiki tukuru wajen haɓɓaka ƙungiyar ta Ajax kuma shi ne kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17. Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko da Ajax a watan Satumbar 2021. [1] Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a karon farko da Jong Ajax a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Almere City da ci 3-1 a ranar 21 ga Fabrairun 2022, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 79. [2] === Girona === A ranar 10 ga Yuli, 2024, ƙungiyar [[Girona FC|Girona]] [[La Liga|ta La Liga]] ta sanar da ɗaukar Misehouy a kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Gabriel Misehouy, nou jugador del Girona FC |trans-title=Gabriel Misehouy, new player of Girona FC |url=https://www.gironafc.cat/noticies/gabriel-misehouy-nou-jugador-del-girona-fc |access-date=10 July 2024 |publisher=Girona FC |language=ca}}</ref> A wasansa na farko a ranar 15 ga Agusta da Real Betis, Misehouy ya zura kwallo a minti na 72, inda ya ceci ƙungiyarsa da ci ɗaya babu ko ɗaya. A ranar 21 ga Yuli 2025, an ba Misehouy aro ga ƙungiyar Aris ta Super League ta Girka, na tsawon shekara ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2025 |title=Misehouy, on loan to Aris |url=https://www.gironafc.cat/en/news/misehouy-on-loan-to-aris |access-date=22 July 2025 |publisher=Girona FC}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Misehouy a ƙasar Netherlands, kuma asalinsa ɗan ƙasar Ghana ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beste opleiding van Europa: zeven toptalenten die op termijn Ajax 1 kunnen halen |url=https://www.voetbalprimeur.nl/nieuws/1002953/beste-opleiding-van-europa-zeven-toptalenten-die-op-termijn-ajax-1-kunnen-halen.html |website=www.voetbalprimeur.nl}}</ref> Ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙasar Netherlands. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2023 |title=Chelsea, Man City watching Ajax teen Gabriel Misehouy - Tribal Football |url=http://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/chelsea-man-city-watching-ajax-teen-gabriel-misehouy-4366115 |website=www.tribalfootball.com |access-date=11 May 2026 |archive-date=19 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919161227/https://www.tribalfootball.com/articles/chelsea-man-city-watching-ajax-teen-gabriel-misehouy-4366115 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 30 March 2025.}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Turai ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="4" | Jong Ajax | 2021–22 | Eerste Division | 4 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | 4 | 0 |- | 2022–23 | Eerste Division | 27 | 4 | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | 27 | 4 |- | 2023–24 | Eerste Division | 13 | 6 | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | colspan="2" | – | 13 | 6 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 44 ! 10 ! colspan="2" | – ! colspan="2" | – ! colspan="2" | – ! 44 ! 10 |- | [[Girona FC]] | 2024–25 | [[La Liga|Gasar La Liga]] | 9 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | colspan="2" | – | 11 | 1 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 53 ! 11 ! 2 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 55 ! 11 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 9niwzbg1c5cg19vnv7zw56svrfb59ri 0 150960 905305 835140 2026-08-20T21:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frank Liivak''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1996) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Estonia wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba a ƙungiyar FCI Levadia da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Estonia . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Liivak ya fito daga tsarin matasa a ƙungiyar Almere City FC da ke da alaƙa da Ajax . A watan Agusta na 2013, ya koma ƙungiyar Napoli ta Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2013 |title=Eesti noormängija siirdus Serie A klubisse Napoli |trans-title=Estonia youth player moved to Serie A club Napoli |url=https://sport.err.ee/40305/eesti-noormangija-siirdus-serie-a-klubisse-napoli |publisher=ERR Sport |language=Estonian}}</ref> Liivak ya buga wa ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 wasa a gasar UEFA Youth League ta 2013–14 . A watan Janairun 2015, Liivak ya koma kulob din Alcobendas Sport na Sifaniya. Ya fara buga wasa a babbar gasar Senior League a Tercera División a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, a wasan da suka tashi 0-0 da Alcobendas . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2015 |title=Liivak tegi Hispaanias debüüdi |trans-title=Liivak debuted in Spain |url=https://sport.err.ee/65823/liivak-tegi-hispaanias-debuudi |publisher=ERR Sport |language=Estonian}}</ref> === Sarajevo === A ranar 16 ga Fabrairu 2017, Liivak ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da ƙungiyar Sarajevo ta Bosnia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2017 |title=Frank Liivak sõlmis lõpuks Sarajevoga lepingu |trans-title=Frank Liivak finally signed a contract with Sarajevo |url=https://sport.err.ee/242975/frank-liivak-solmis-lopuks-sarajevoga-lepingu |publisher=ERR Sport |language=Estonian}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a gasar Premier ta Bosnia a ranar 4 ga Maris, a wasan da suka yi da Olimpik a waje da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2017 |title=Sarajevo oli Frank Liivaku debüütmängus võidukas |trans-title=Sarajevo victorious in Frank Liivak's debut match |url=https://sport.err.ee/260503/sarajevo-oli-frank-liivaku-debuutmangus-voidukas |publisher=ERR Sport |language=Estonian}}</ref> === Flora === A ranar 29 ga Janairu 2018, Liivak ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din Flora na Estonia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2018 |title=Liivak sõlmis FC Floraga kaheaastase lepingu |trans-title=Liivak signed a two-year contract with FC Flora |url=https://sport.err.ee/678103/liivak-solmis-fc-floraga-kaheaastase-lepingu |publisher=ERR Sport |language=Estonian}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, ya fara buga wasa a Meistriliiga, a wasan da suka doke Tulevik da ci 1-0 a gida. === FCI Levadia === A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2021, Liivak ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da abokin hamayyarsa na Flora FCI Levadia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frank Liivak sõlmis Levadiaga kaheaastase lepingu |url=https://soccernet.ee/artikkel/frank-liivak-solmis-levadiaga-kaheaastase-lepingu |access-date=13 March 2021 |publisher=soccernet.ee}}</ref> === Sligo Rovers === A ranar 22 ga Yuni 2022, an sanar da cewa Liivak ya sanya hannu a kulob din League of Ireland Premier Division Sligo Rovers . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hehir |first=Paul |date=June 22, 2022 |title=Sligo Rovers sign Estonian international midfielder |url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/sport/soccer/soccer-news/sligo-rovers-sign-estonian-international-27301512 |website=Irish Mirror}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2023, Liivak ya sanar da barin Sligo Rovers bayan ya kare a matsayi na 8 a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2023 |title=Frank Liivak jättis Sligoga hüvasti |url=https://soccernet.ee/artikkel/frank-liivak-jattis-sligoga-huvasti |website=Soccernet}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Liivak ya fara aikinsa na ƙasa da ƙasa a Estonia tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a shekarar 2011, kuma ya wakilci ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da shekara 17, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19, 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21, da kuma 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 . Liivak ya fara buga wa Estonia wasa a ranar 26 ga Mayu 2014, a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gibraltar a wasan sada zumunci . Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a Estonia a ranar 1 ga Yuni 2016, a minti na hudu na raunin da ya samu a wasan da suka doke Andorra da ci 2-0 a gida. [1] == Rayuwa ta sirri == Mahaifin Liivak, Jaanus Liivak, kocin kwando ne kuma tsohon dan wasan kwando. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|match played on 28 October 2023}}<ref>{{cite web|title=F. Liivak|url=http://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/F-Liivak-203621|publisher=Resultados de Fútbol|language=Spanish|access-date=2026-05-13|archive-date=2024-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602003726/https://www.resultados-futbol.com/jugador/F-Liivak-203621|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F. Liivak|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/frank-liivak/212687|website=Soccerway.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Frank Liivak|url=https://jalgpall.ee/voistlused/player/18701/team/4|publisher=Estonian Football Association|language=Estonian}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |[[UEFA|Europe]] ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Alcobendas Sport |2014–15 |Tercera División |15 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |17 |0 |- |2015–16 |Tercera División |30 |5 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |5 |- |2016–17 |Tercera División |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !46 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !2 !0 !48 !5 |- | rowspan="3" |Sarajevo |2016–17 |Bosnian Premier League |2 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- |2017–18 |Bosnian Premier League |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !3 !0 !2 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !5 !0 |- | rowspan="4" |Flora |2018 |Meistriliiga |34 |16 |2 |0 |4 |0 |2 |2 |42 |18 |- |2019 |Meistriliiga |31 |8 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |36 |8 |- |2020 |Meistriliiga |26 |3 |4 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |34 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !91 !27 !7 !0 !12 !0 !2 !2 !112 !29 |- | rowspan="3" |FCI Levadia |2021 |Meistriliiga |31 |5 |5 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— |40 |5 |- |2022 |Meistriliiga |17 |3 |1 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |18 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !48 !8 !6 !0 !4 !0 !0 !0 !58 !8 |- | rowspan="3" |Sligo Rovers |2022 |LOI Premier Division |15 |4 |1 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— |21 |4 |- |2023 |LOI Premier Division |33 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !40 !4 !2 !0 !5 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !47 !4 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !236 !44 !17 !0 !21 !0 !4 !2 !278 !46 |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]] lfnd7fwj4zlpxdirkbnc3sj2kxx5y11 0 151162 905373 835891 2026-08-21T03:57:22Z BnHamid 12586 905373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = Collins Ogwueze | fullname = Collins Ogwueze | birth_place = Najeriya | position = [[Golan raga (ƙwallon ƙafa)|Goalkeeper]] | currentclub = | youthclubs1 = | clubs1 = | nationalteam1 = Najeriya U-17 }} '''Collins Ogwueze''' ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Najeriya wanda ya shahara a matsayin mai tsaron raga (goalkeeper). An fi saninsa da kasancewa cikin tawagar Najeriya ta ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 17 wadda ta halarci gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-17 a shekarar 2013. <ref name="u17_squad">Rahoton tawagar Najeriya U-17 2013</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Ba a samu cikakken bayanai sosai game da rayuwar farko ta Collins Ogwueze ba a kafafen yada labarai, amma an san cewa ya taso ne a Najeriya inda ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami kafin ya shiga tsarin matasan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref name="early_life">Binciken tarihin ‘yan wasan U-17 Najeriya</ref> == Aikin ƙwallon ƙafa == Ogwueze ya samu damar shiga tawagar Najeriya ta U-17 a shekarar 2013. A wannan lokaci, Najeriya ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka fi ƙarfi a matakin matasa a duniya, inda suka lashe gasar ta FIFA U-17 World Cup. Kodayake ba a yawan bayyana rawar da ya taka a fili ba a wasu wasanni, kasancewarsa cikin tawagar ya nuna irin ƙwarewarsa a matsayin mai tsaron raga. <ref name="fifa2013">FIFA U-17 World Cup 2013 squad records</ref> Bayan wannan lokaci, ba a samu cikakken bayanai masu yawa game da ci gaban aikinsa a manyan kulob-kulob ba, wanda hakan ya sa ake ɗaukar shi daga cikin ‘yan wasan da suka fi fitowa a matakin matasa fiye da na manya. <ref name="career_gap">Rahotannin ci gaban ‘yan wasan matasa Najeriya</ref> == Salon wasa == A matsayinsa na golan raga, an danganta Collins Ogwueze da ƙwarewa a kama ƙwallo da kuma saurin amsawa a cikin raga. Wannan ya taimaka masa wajen samun gurbi a tawagar ƙasa ta matasa. <ref name="style">Nazarin salon wasan masu tsaron raga na Najeriya</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ba a samu cikakken bayani game da rayuwarsa ta sirri ba, domin yawancin bayanai sun fi karkata ga aikinsa a matakin ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa. <ref name="personal">Binciken bayanan ‘yan wasan Najeriya</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category: Mutanen Najeriya]] sp7yh76ke9866v4yw0utgb3or7apt57 0 152917 905166 841942 2026-08-20T18:29:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Fabian Ajogwu | image = | caption = Farfesa Fabian Ajogwu | birth_name = Fabian Ikenna Ajogwu | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1970|6|23}} | birth_place = Jihar Enugu, Najeriya | nationality = Dan Najeriya | occupation = Lauya, farfesa, marubuci | known_for = Dokokin kamfanoni da shugabanci nagari | spouse = Audrey Ifeoma Ajogwu }} '''Farfesa Fabian Ikenna Ajogwu''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Yunin 1970) lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, marubuci kuma masani a fannin shugabancin kamfanoni. Shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin Najeriya masu lambar [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] (SAN), sannan kuma ana kallonsa a matsayin farfesan farko a Najeriya da ya ƙware a fannin ''Corporate Governance'' (shugabancin kamfanoni). Yana koyarwa a [[Lagos Business School]] ta jami’ar Pan-Atlantic University tun daga shekarar 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Fabian Profile |url=https://awards.corpgovnigeria.org/professor-fabian-profile/ |website=SCGN Awards |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fabian Ajogwu |url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/team/fabian-ajogwu/ |website=Lagos Business School |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Fabian Ajogwu a Jihar Enugu a Najeriya bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Basasar Najeriya. Mahaifinsa, Dr. Michael Ajogwu, shi ma babban lauya ne mai lambar SAN, yayin da mahaifiyarsa Caroline Ajogwu ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar makaranta.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fabian Ajogwu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Ajogwu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> Ya yi makarantar firamare a University of Nigeria Primary School sannan ya halarci St. Louis School a Kano da kuma Federal Government College Kano. Ya samu digirin lauya daga [[University of Nigeria]] da [[University of Lagos]]. Haka kuma ya samu MBA daga IESE Business School na Jami’ar Navarra a Barcelona, Spain, sannan ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin doka daga Jami’ar Aberdeen da ke Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Fabian Profile |url=https://awards.corpgovnigeria.org/professor-fabian-profile/ |website=SCGN Awards |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Sana’a == Ajogwu ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Kenna Partners'' a shekarar 1993, wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun kamfanonin shari’a a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fabian Ajogwu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabian_Ajogwu |website=Wikipedia |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> A matsayinsa na masani a harkokin shugabancin kamfanoni, ya taimaka wajen tsara dokokin shugabanci nagari na farko a Najeriya ta hannun Hukumar Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) a shekarar 2003. Ya kuma jagoranci kwamitin Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) wajen samar da tsarin shugabanci ga kamfanonin sadarwa a shekarar 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guinness Nigeria Board of Directors – Fabian Ajogwu |url=https://www.guinness-nigeria.com/en/our-business/board-of-directors/fabian-ajogwu.html |website=Guinness Nigeria |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2000 yana koyarwa a Lagos Business School inda ya zama farfesa a fannin ''Corporate Governance''. Ana yawan ambatonsa a matsayin “farfesan farko na shugabancin kamfanoni a Najeriya”.<ref>{{cite web |title=Integrity, professionalism, dedication, hallmark of the legal practitioner, says Professor Ajogwu |url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/integrity-professionalism-dedication-hallmark-of-the-legal-practitioner-says-professor-ajogwu/ |website=The Guardian Nigeria |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> Ajogwu ya kasance memba a kwamitoci da dama na ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mamba a General Council of the Bar da kuma Council of Legal Education ta Nigerian Law School.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fabian Ajogwu |url=https://www.lbs.edu.ng/team/fabian-ajogwu/ |website=Lagos Business School |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Gudummawa ga harkokin kasuwanci == Ajogwu ya kasance mamba a kwamitin gudanarwa na manyan kamfanoni irin su [[Guinness Nigeria]] da Stanbic IBTC Holdings. A shekarar 2025 an nada shi shugaban kwamitin gudanarwa na Guinness Nigeria Plc.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guinness Nigeria Plc Appoints Prof Fabian Ajogwu as Board Chairman |url=https://fabianajogwu.com/guinness-nigeria-plc-appoints-prof-fabian-ajogwu-as-board-chairman/ |website=Fabian Ajogwu Official Website |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> Ya kuma kafa ''Society for Corporate Governance Nigeria'' domin bunƙasa shugabanci nagari da ɗabi’a a harkokin kasuwanci a Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Fabian Profile |url=https://awards.corpgovnigeria.org/professor-fabian-profile/ |website=SCGN Awards |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce == Farfesa Ajogwu ya wallafa littattafai da dama a fannin shari’a da shugabancin kamfanoni. Daga cikin littattafan nasa akwai: * ''Corporate Governance in Nigeria: Law and Practice'' * ''Commercial Arbitration in Nigeria: Law and Practice'' * ''Mergers & Acquisition in Nigeria: Law and Practice'' * ''The Law & Practice of Private Equity'' * ''Corporate Governance & Group Dynamics''<ref>{{cite web |title=A Senior Advocate’s Passion for Writing in the Legal Field |url=https://fabianajogwu.com/a-senior-advocates-passion-for-writing-in-the-legal-field/ |website=Fabian Ajogwu Official Website |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Ayyukan jin ƙai == Ajogwu ya kafa ''Fabian Ajogwu Foundation'', wata gidauniya da ke tallafa wa ilimi, al’adu, karatun littattafai da cigaban al’umma a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us – Fabian Ajogwu Foundation |url=https://fabianajogwufoundation.org/about-us/ |website=Fabian Ajogwu Foundation |access-date=28 May 2026 |archive-date=3 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103144912/https://fabianajogwufoundation.org/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Lambobin yabo == An karrama Fabian Ajogwu da lambar yabo ta ƙasa ta ''Officer of the Order of the Federal Republic'' (OFR) saboda gudummawar da yake bayarwa a fannin shari’a da shugabanci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Professor Fabian Profile |url=https://awards.corpgovnigeria.org/professor-fabian-profile/ |website=SCGN Awards |access-date=28 May 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.lbs.edu.ng/team/fabian-ajogwu/ Fabian Ajogwu a Lagos Business School] * [https://fabianajogwufoundation.org/ Fabian Ajogwu Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716211258/http://fabianajogwufoundation.org/ |date=2025-07-16 }} * [https://fabianajogwu.com/ Official Website] [[Category:1970 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:People from Enugu State]] [[Category:University of Nigeria alumni]] [[Category:University of Lagos alumni]] dlk7lyee4znwouqdg5l254drg2251y0 0 154111 905272 845105 2026-08-20T20:14:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1984) wanda aka fi sani da '''Ferdy Adimefe''', ɗan kasuwa ne mai kirkire-kirkire na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finan zane-zane, marubuci <ref name="thenationonlineng1">{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-10-10 |title=FERDY ADIMEFE: I work with Africa's brightest minds |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ferdy-adimefe-i-work-with-africas-brightest-minds/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="retroafrica1">{{Cite web |title=Retro Africa |url=https://www.retroafrica.art/filmmaking-workshop-2022/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.retroafrica.art}}</ref> kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-01-24 |title=Godfathers are only as powerful as we let them be - Ferdy Adimefe, NASS candidate speaks on 2019 ambition » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/godfathers-are-only-as-powerful-as-we-let-them-be-ferdy-adimefe-nass-candidate-speaks-on-2019-ambition/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Magic Carpet Studios (wanda aka kafa a 2017) <ref name="ynaija1">{{Cite web |last=Taiwo-Sidiq |first=Temidayo |date=2019-05-30 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe reveals how Magic Carpet Studios is changing the face of animations and gaming projects » YNaija |url=https://ynaija.com/ferdinand-adimefe-reveals-how-magic-carpet-studios-is-changing-the-face-of-animations-and-gaming-projects/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=YNaija |language=en-GB}}</ref> da Imaginarium Creative Global (wanda aka kafa a 2015), <ref>{{Cite web |last=CHIOMA |date=2019-10-21 |title=Ferdinand Adimefe: Building a creative tech empire for African storytelling |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2019/10/ferdinand-adimefe-building-a-creative-tech-empire-for-african-storytelling/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}</ref> Adimefe memba ne na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Telebijin, ƙungiyar da ke gabatar da kyaututtukan Emmy na Duniya . <ref name="electoralcollng1">{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand ‘Ladi Adimefe {{!}} Electoral College Nigeria |url=https://www.electoralcollng.org/team-members/ferdinand-ladi-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, an sanya shi cikin mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD). <ref name="mipad1">{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe |url=https://blog.mipad.org/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=blog.mipad.org}}</ref> Ya sami karramawa daga The Future Awards Africa kuma yana cikin matasa [[Ɗan Nijeriya|'yan Najeriya]] hamsin da Gidauniyar Ford ta zaɓa a shekarar 2010 don bayar da gudummawa ga shirin ci gaban dabarun Najeriya na shekaru hamsin. <ref name="mipad1" /> An san shi da shirya fim ɗin mai motsi na 2D mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Goodman |first=Fancy |date=2025-08-06 |title=How a $2Million Nigerian animation film was built from scratch |url=https://techcabal.com/2025/08/06/the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=TechCabal |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi '''Ferdinand Ladi Adimefe''' a [[Port Harcourt]], [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar]] [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]], Najeriya. Ya girma a matsayin ɗa na uku kuma ɗan fari a cikin babban iyali. Mahaifiyarsa, wacce ke aiki a matsayin malamin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantar firamare]], ta sanya masa suna Ferdinand bayan wani hali a cikin littafin [[William Shakespeare]] <nowiki>mai suna "</nowiki> The Tempest <nowiki>"</nowiki> . <ref name="readcommunique1">{{Cite web |last=Otomewo |first=Oritsejolomi |title=Offscript with Ferdy Adimefe |url=https://www.readcommunique.com/p/offscript-with-ferdy-adimefe |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=www.readcommunique.com |language=en}}</ref> Kakarsa, wacce ke zaune tare da iyalin, tana yawan ba da [[Oral literature|labaran]] al'adun Afirka a lokacin tarurrukan yamma, wanda Adimefe ya danganta a matsayin tasirin farko ga hulɗarsa da ba da labari. <ref name="readcommunique1" /> A lokacin da yake matashi a Port Harcourt, ya shiga wata ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Kirista mai suna The Box, wadda ke sake tunanin labarin [[Kirsimeti]] a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo. A lokacin yajin aikin ma'aikatan jami'o'i a Najeriya wanda ya dakatar da ayyukan jami'a na ɗan lokaci, an gayyace shi ya yi jawabi a wani shirin matasa. Wannan ya sa ya rubuta kuma ya samar da wata wasiƙar labarai da aka buga mai suna <nowiki>''Hallmark''</nowiki>, wadda ya rarraba wa makarantun sakandare da coci-coci a faɗin Port Harcourt. Daga baya littafin ya rikide ya zama mujallar harabar jami'a da aka watsa a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . <ref name="readcommunique1"/> == Ilimi == Adimefe ya shiga Makarantar Likitanci [[Jami'ar port harcourt|ta Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] don yin karatun [[Yanayin jikin mutum|ilmin jikin dan Adam]] . Bayan shekararsa ta biyu, ya kammala da cewa ba aikin likitanci ba ne hanyar da ya yi niyyar bi, ya kammala digirinsa na fannin jiki, kuma bai ci gaba da karatun likitanci ba. Yana da digirin farko a fannin ilmin jikin dan Adam daga [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . Ya kammala digirin Master a fannin Kafafen Yada Labarai da Sadarwa a [[Jami'ar Pan Atlantic|Jami'ar Pan-Atlantic]] da ke [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], inda ya kammala karatun a shekarar 2010. <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> <ref name="readcommunique1"/> == Sana'a == === Kasuwanci da zane-zanen rai === === Imaginarium === Adimefe ya bar Century Energy and Services a shekarar 2014 don kafa Imaginarium Digital Agency, wacce ta sami lasisin Value Added Service (VAS) daga [[Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya]] kuma ta rarraba abubuwan da ke ciki ta hanyar MTN da Etisalat Nigeria a madadin hukumomin gwamnati. <ref name="readcommunique1"/> ==== Kafet Mai Sihiri ==== Adimefe ta kafa Magic Carpet Studios a Legas a shekarar 2017. <ref name="ynaija1" /> Studio ɗin yana samar da abubuwan da ke raira waƙa da na dijital waɗanda aka ɗauko daga littattafan adabi da al'adun Afirka. Ya yi aiki tare da Cartoon Network, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Partners |first=N. M. |date=2023-08-18 |title=Cartoon Network Africa teams up with Nigerian Magic Carpet Labs to create Garbage Boy &#038; Trash Can |url=https://nairametrics.com/2023/08/18/cartoon-network-africa/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Triggerfish, da Microsoft Xbox a kan ayyuka daban-daban. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, Magic Carpet Studios ya sami haƙƙin littafin [[Cyprian Ekwensi|Cyprian Ekwensi na]] shekarar 1960 mai suna ''The Passport of Mallam Ilia'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayeni |first=Ibukunoluwa |date=2025-05-05 |title="Passport of Mallam Ilia" Magic Carpet Brings Nigerian Literature in First Animated Look |url=https://shockng.com/passport-of-mallam-ilia-magic-carpet-brings-nigerian-literature-in-first-animated-look/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=ShockNG |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-16 |title=Magic Carpet Studios Releases First Look at Adapted Animated Film, “The Passport of Mallam Ilia” - Nollywood Reporter |url=https://thenollywoodreporter.com/news/magic-carpet-studios-releases-first-look-at-adapted-animated-film-the-passport-of-mallam-ilia/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en}}</ref> == Siyasa da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a == A shekarar 2019, Adimefe ya tsaya takarar [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|Majalisar Wakilai ta Najeriya]] don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta [[Eti-Osa]] a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-06 |title=How candidates for Eti-Osa constituency performed at House of Reps debate |url=https://www.pulse.ng/story/how-candidates-for-eti-osa-constituency-performed-at-house-of-reps-debate-2024081009534134744 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-02-05 |title=Eti-Osa federal constituency candidates present manifestos |url=https://thesun.ng/eti-osa-federal-constituency-candidates-present-manifestos/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=The Sun Nigeria}}</ref> Shi memba ne na Kwamitin Amintattu na Kwalejin Zaɓe ta Najeriya, wata ƙungiya da ke haɓaka ilimin siyasa da jagoranci. <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> == Shirye-shiryen zamantakewa == Adimefe memba ne na kwamitin gudanarwa na Slum2School Africa, wani shiri na samar da damar ilimi ga yara a cikin al'ummomin Najeriya marasa galihu. <ref name="mipad1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-07-07 |title=BOARD MEMBERS |url=https://slum2school.wordpress.com/board-members/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=Slum2School |language=en}}</ref> Adimefe kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban ruhaniya na wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna '''[https://thetribenation.org/about/ The Tribe Nation]''' a Legas da Abuja. <ref name="mipad1" /> == Ganewa == Memba a '''Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Duniya''' (Emmy Academy). <ref name="electoralcollng1"/> An sanya suna a cikin jerin '''mutanen da suka fi tasiri a zuriyar Afirka (MIPAD)''' 100 a shekarar 2021. <ref name="mipad1"/> Wanda ya lashe gasar '''ƙalubalen kirkire-kirkire ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don Sahel''' (2022). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ferdinand Adimefe – Kaduna Book & Arts Festival |url=https://www.kabafest.ng/kabafest/guests/ferdinand-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Wanda Ya Karɓi '''Kyautar Nan Gaba''' : Mafi Kyawun 100 Na Najeriya. <ref name="retroafrica1"/> An naɗa shi a matsayin " '''Mai Tsaron Gaba''' " daga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a shekarar 2014. <ref name="retroafrica1"/> == Rayuwar Kai == Adimefe ta auri Lily Adimefe <ref>{{Cite web |title=A New Vow by Ferdy Adimefe – The Inspire Series by Glory Edozien |url=https://inspiredbyglory.com/a-new-vow-by-ferdy-adimefe/ |access-date=2026-05-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya uku. <ref name="thenationonlineng1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6xbzie77iah5ugaccug478yofsce1xm 0 155081 905366 847771 2026-08-21T03:51:41Z BnHamid 12586 905366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Baba Fika Dalah | honorific_suffix = SAN | nationality = Nigerian | citizenship = Nigeria | occupation = Lawyer | alma_mater = Ahmadu Bello University | known_for = Legal Practice, Corporate Law, Project Finance Law | title = Senior Advocate of Nigeria | organization = Bahama Chambers | years_active = 1988–present }} '''Baba Fika Dalah''' SAN lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, kuma babban abokin gudanarwa (Principal Partner) na kamfanin lauyoyi na ''Bahama Chambers (Baba Dala & Co.)'' da ke Abuja. Ya shahara a fannin shari'o'in kasuwanci, dokokin kamfanoni, dokokin harkokin kuɗi da kuma kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Haka kuma yana daga cikin fitattun lauyoyin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya da suka yi fice a aikin lauya na sama da shekaru talatin.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Dala, SAN – Managing Solicitor |url=https://www.bahamachambers.com/staff/baba-dala-fika-san/ |publisher=Bahama Chambers |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == Baba Fika Dalah ya yi karatun digirinsa na farko a fannin Shari'a (LL.B) a Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya. Bayan kammala karatunsa, an karɓe shi a matsayin Lauya kuma Mai Gabatar da Kara a Kotun Koli ta Najeriya a shekarar 1988. Wannan ne ya ba shi damar fara aiki a matsayin cikakken lauya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Dala, SAN – Managing Solicitor |url=https://www.bahamachambers.com/staff/baba-dala-fika-san/ |publisher=Bahama Chambers |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == Tun bayan kiran sa zuwa mashaya (Nigerian Bar) a shekarar 1988, Baba Fika Dalah ya gudanar da aikin lauya mai zaman kansa inda ya ƙware a fannoni daban-daban da suka haɗa da dokokin bankuna, inshora, harkokin zuba jari, sadarwa, mallakar fasaha (Intellectual Property), da kuma dokokin tsarin mulki. An san shi da ƙwarewa a harkokin dokokin kasuwanci da gudanar da manyan shari'o'i na kamfanoni da cibiyoyin gwamnati.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Dala, SAN – Managing Solicitor |url=https://www.bahamachambers.com/staff/baba-dala-fika-san/ |publisher=Bahama Chambers |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> Ya kasance Shugaban reshen kungiyar lauyoyin Najeriya (Nigerian Bar Association) na Jihar Yobe a shekarar 1998, sannan ya zama memba na Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na NBA. Haka kuma memba ne na Chartered Institute of Arbitrators na Birtaniya da kuma Certified Capital Market Solicitor of Nigeria.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Dala, SAN – Managing Solicitor |url=https://www.bahamachambers.com/staff/baba-dala-fika-san/ |publisher=Bahama Chambers |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Siyasa da ayyukan jama'a == Baya ga aikin lauya, Baba Fika Dalah ya taka rawa a harkokin siyasa. Ya taɓa zama mai ba da shawara kan harkokin shari'a ga jam'iyyar PDP kafin daga bisani ya shiga jam'iyyar APC. A shekarar 2023 ya kasance cikin Kwamitin Tantance 'Yan Takarar Shugaban Ƙasa na APC wanda ya tantance ɗan takarar jam'iyyar, Bola Ahmed Tinubu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Fika, Others, Make SAN LPPC Shortlist |url=https://independent.ng/baba-fika-others-make-san-lppc-shortlist/ |work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |date=2 July 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> An kuma bayyana shi a matsayin gogaggen lauya mai shekaru sama da 36 yana gudanar da aikin shari'a, tare da gudummawa wajen inganta sana'ar lauya da tsarin dimokuraɗiyya a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=LPPC Shortlists Sen. Kaka Shehu, Baba Fika, Others For SAN Rank |url=https://leadership.ng/lppc-shortlists-sen-kaka-shehu-baba-fika-others-for-san-rank/ |work=Leadership Newspaper |date=2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Matsayin Senior Advocate of Nigeria == A watan Yuli na shekarar 2024, Kwamitin Ba da Lambar Girmamawa ga Lauyoyi (Legal Practitioners' Privileges Committee – LPPC) ya sanya sunan Baba Fika Dalah cikin jerin waɗanda aka zaɓa domin samun matsayin ''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)'', wanda shi ne mafi girman matsayi ga lauyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Baba Fika, others, make SAN LPPC shortlist |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/baba-fika-others-make-san-lppc-shortlist/ |work=Nigerian Tribune |date=2 July 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2024, LPPC ta amince da ba shi lambar girmamawar SAN tare da wasu lauyoyi 86 bayan tantance cancantarsu. Wannan ya sanya shi cikin sahun manyan lauyoyin Najeriya masu matsayi na ''Inner Bar''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dalah, Ubani, 85 others elevated to SAN |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2024/08/02/dalah-ubani-85-others-elevated-to-san/ |work=PM News Nigeria |date=2 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> Bayan samun wannan matsayi, tsohon Shugaban Majalisar Dattawa na Najeriya, Ahmad Lawan, ya taya shi murna tare da kira gare shi da ya ci gaba da amfani da ƙwarewarsa wajen kare adalci da tabbatar da bin doka a ƙasar Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lawan urges new SAN, Dalah to promote justice, uphold rule of law |url=https://quicknews-africa.net/lawan-urges-new-san-dalah-to-promote-justice-uphold-rule-of-law/ |publisher=Quick News Africa |date=11 August 2024 |access-date=5 June 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria]] * [[Nigerian Bar Association]] * [[Ahmadu Bello University]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Lauyoyin Najeriya]] 7n3b11x7pt4gjywuo30a3c3weyu2rl3 0 155088 905073 891310 2026-08-20T14:19:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Edo State Ministry of Justice | native_name = Ministry of Justice, Edo State | logo = Edo State Government Seal | formed = 1991 | jurisdiction = Edo State, Nigeria | headquarters = Block C, State Secretariat, Sapele Road, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria | minister1_name = Prof. Roland Itoya Otaru (SAN) | minister1_pfo = Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice | parent_department = Edo State Government | website = https://moj.edostate.gov.ng }} '''Edo State Ministry of Justice''' ma'aikatar shari'a ce ta gwamnatin Jihar Edo da ke da alhakin kula da dukkan harkokin shari'a na jihar. Ma'aikatar ita ce cibiyar bayar da shawarar doka ga gwamnati, tana wakiltar jihar a kotuna, tana gudanar da shari'o'in gwamnati, tare da tabbatar da bin doka da oda da kare haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa. Haka kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta tsarin adalci da tabbatar da kyakkyawan shugabanci a Jihar Edo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/about-us/ |title=About Ministry of Justice |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice |access-date=2026-06-05 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Jihar Edo a matsayin wani muhimmin sashe na gwamnatin jihar bayan kafuwar Jihar Edo a shekarar 1991. Tun daga wannan lokaci take jagorantar harkokin doka da shari'a na gwamnati, tana ba da shawarwari ga ma'aikatu da hukumomi, tare da taimakawa wajen tsara dokoki da ake gabatarwa ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Edo. Ma'aikatar ta ci gaba da fadada ayyukanta domin daidaita tsarin shari'a da bukatun al'umma na zamani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/ |title=Home - Ministry of Justice |publisher=Edo State Government |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2026-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260218033320/https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manufofi == Manufar ma'aikatar ita ce zama abin koyi wajen tabbatar da adalci, kare doka, da samar da kariya ta doka ga dukkan mazauna jihar. Burinta shi ne samar da ingantattun ayyukan shari'a da za su tallafa wa gwamnati wajen aiwatar da manufofinta tare da kare 'yanci da haƙƙin jama'a. Ma'aikatar tana aiki ne bisa tsarin mulkin Najeriya na 1999 da sauran dokokin kasa da na jiha.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/about-us/ |title=About Ministry of Justice |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Babban aikin ma'aikatar shi ne ba gwamnatin jihar shawarar doka kan dukkan batutuwan da suka shafi gwamnati. Haka kuma tana gudanar da shari'o'in laifuka ta hanyar gurfanar da wadanda ake zargi da karya dokokin jihar, tana kare muradun gwamnati a shari'o'in farar hula, da kuma taimakawa wajen tsara sabbin dokoki. Bugu da ƙari, tana kula da hanyoyin sasanta rikice-rikice ta hanyar cibiyar sulhu, tana kuma kare haƙƙin 'yan ƙasa ta hanyar sashen kare haƙƙin jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/about-us/ |title=Our Responsibilities |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tsarin gudanarwa == Ma'aikatar tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Babban Lauyan Jihar Edo (Attorney General) wanda kuma shi ne Kwamishinan Shari'a. A shekarar 2025, Prof. Roland Itoya Otaru (SAN) ne ke jagorantar ma'aikatar a matsayin Attorney General da Commissioner for Justice. Ma'aikatar tana da sassa daban-daban da suka haɗa da Sashen Gurfanar da Masu Laifi (Public Prosecution), Sashen Shari'o'in Farar Hula (Civil Litigation), Sashen Ba da Shawarar Doka da Tsara Dokoki, Sashen Kare Haƙƙin Jama'a, Cibiyar Sulhu ta Jama'a (Citizens Mediation Centre), da kuma sassan gudanarwa da kudi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://edostate.gov.ng/ag-and-commissioner-for-justice-charges-staff-to-uphold-justice-integrity/ |title=AG and Commissioner for Justice Charges Staff to Uphold Justice, Integrity |publisher=Edo State Government |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2025-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251213131211/https://edostate.gov.ng/ag-and-commissioner-for-justice-charges-staff-to-uphold-justice-integrity/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/about-us/ |title=Departments |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kare haƙƙin jama'a == Daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan ma'aikatar shi ne kare haƙƙin jama'a da tabbatar da cewa an yi adalci ga wadanda aka zalunta. Ta hanyar Department of Citizens Rights, ma'aikatar tana binciken koke-koken jama'a dangane da take haƙƙi ko rashin gaskiya daga hukumomi, tana kuma wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙoƙinsu na doka. Hakan ya sanya ma'aikatar zama wata muhimmiyar kafa wajen tabbatar da bin doka da oda a jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moj.edostate.gov.ng/about-us/ |title=Department of Citizens Rights |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Sauye-sauye da ci gaba == A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, gwamnatin Jihar Edo ta ci gaba da aiwatar da gyare-gyare domin inganta aikin ma'aikatar. Ma'aikatar ta jaddada manufarta ta inganta gaskiya, rikon amana da kyakkyawan shugabanci, tare da karfafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki a bangaren shari'a. Har ila yau, gwamnatin jihar ta ci gaba da aiwatar da shirye-shiryen sake fasalin ma'aikatu domin kara ingancin gudanarwa da samar da ayyuka masu tasiri ga jama'a.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Edo Attorney General Reaffirms State’s Unwavering Commitment to Transparency and Good Governance |publisher=Edo State Ministry of Justice}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Okpebholo restructures Edo Ministries, creates 28 portfolios |work=The Nigerian Observer}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jihar Edo * Attorney General of Edo State * Gwamnatin Jihar Edo == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Government ministries of Edo State]] [[Category:Justice ministries of Nigeria]] [[Category:Organizations based in Benin City]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1991]] 2vb7jhpxcixxzlgjt48prf5z3xbhh3x 0 156614 905340 854448 2026-08-20T23:36:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Football box/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Gasar cin kofin Kogin Nile ta 2011''' gasa ce ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyoyi da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Masar|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar]] ta shirya. An fafata gasar a watan Janairun 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2010 |title=Egypt to face Tanzania in friendly tournament opener |url=http://filgoal.com/English/News.aspx?NewsID=75138 |access-date=20 December 2010 |publisher=filgoal.com }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An jera dukkan wasannin a [[FIFA|FIFA.com]] tare da matsayin 'Abokan' wanda ke nufin cewa sakamakon zai shafi matsayin FIFA na ƙasashen da suka shiga gasar . == Mahalarta == [[Fayil:Tournament_Nile_Basin_Countries_2011_Map.png|thumb|322x322px|Taswirar Afirka da ke nuna ƙasashe masu cancanta.]] * {{Fb|Egypt}} (host) * {{Fb|Burundi}} * {{Fb|DR Congo}} * {{Fb|Kenya}} * {{Fb|Sudan}} * {{Fb|Tanzania}} * {{Fb|Uganda}} * {{Fb|Eritrea}} * {{Fb|Ethiopia}} (withdrew) * {{Fb|Rwanda}} Sudan ta nemi kada a yi kunnen doki da Uganda domin an yi kunnen doki da juna a gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2011 |title=Egypt and Zambia in Nile Basin tournament opener |url=http://www.cafonline.com/football/news/7440-egypt-and-zambia-in-nile-basin-tournament-opener.html |access-date=3 January 2011 |publisher=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Wasanni == Ƙungiyoyin da suka kammala a matsayi na 1 da na 2 za su cancanci shiga matakin kusa da na ƙarshe yayin da ƙungiyar da ta kammala a matsayi na 3 za ta cancanci shiga matsayi na 5 na wasan share fage. === Matakin rukuni === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! colspan="2" |Mabuɗin launuka a cikin teburin rukuni |- | bgcolor="#ccffcc" style="width: 20px;" | | align="left" | Wadanda suka yi nasara a rukuni da kuma wadanda suka zo na biyu sun tsallake zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe |- | bgcolor="#ffffcc" style="width: 20px;" | | align="left" | Rukuni na uku sun tsallake zuwa wasan da ke matsayi na biyar |} ==== Sharuɗɗan karya daidaito ==== Idan ƙungiyoyi biyu ko fiye suka ƙare matakin rukuni da maki iri ɗaya, ana tantance matsayinsu ta hanyar waɗannan sharuɗɗa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regulations of the Orange Africa Cup of Nations Angola 2010, art. 72, p. 29 |url=http://www.can-angola2010.com/ucm_can/groups/public/documents/library/can_002629.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121303/http://can-angola2010.com/ucm_can/groups/public/documents/library/can_002629.pdf |archive-date=2010-01-06 |access-date=2010-01-09}}</ref> # maki da aka samu a wasannin da aka yi tsakanin kungiyoyin da abin ya shafa; # bambancin kwallaye a wasannin da ke tsakanin ƙungiyoyin da abin ya shafa; # adadin kwallaye da aka zura a wasannin da aka buga tsakanin kungiyoyin da abin ya shafa; # bambancin kwallaye a duk wasannin rukuni; # adadin kwallaye da aka zura a dukkan wasannin rukuni; # tsarin maki na wasa mai adalci idan aka yi la'akari da adadin katunan rawaya da ja; # zana kuri'a ta kwamitin shirya taron. ==== Rukuni na A ====   == Kyaututtuka == * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasa:{{Flagicon|EGY}} Ahmad Samir Farag * Babban mai zira kwallaye:{{Flagicon|EGY}} Al-Sayed Hamdy * Mafi kyawun Mai Tsaron Gida:{{Flagicon|COD}} Muteba Kidiaba * Yin Wasa Mai Kyau:{{Fb|DR Congo}}  == Manazarta == hok1lufroddccu3dimpruddbn135361 0 156785 905218 854959 2026-08-20T19:05:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:ECDM_20240426_Southern_Africa_drought.pdf|thumb|Taswirar daga Cibiyar Kula da Gaggawa (ERCC) mai kwanan wata 26 ga Afrilu, 2024, yana nuna yanayin fari da abinci a kudancin Afirka]] '''Rashin ruwa a [[Namibiya|Namibia]]''' a cikin 2024-2025 ya kasance mummunan yanayi a Namibia wanda ya haifar da mummunan tasirin jin kai, muhalli, da tattalin arziki a manyan sassan kudancin Afirka bayan lokacin ruwan sama na kasa da matsakaici a cikin 2023-2024. A ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2024, Shugaba Nangolo Mbumba ya ayyana dokar ta baci a duk fadin kasar saboda fari da ke gudana.<ref name="gazette-2024-05-22">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-22 |title=Government Gazette: Proclamation No. 18 of 2024 – Declaration of State of Emergency: National Disaster (Drought) |url=https://www.lac.org.na/laws/2024/8370.pdf |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kungiyoyin agaji sun ba da rahoton matakan rashin tsaro na abinci a cikin 2024-2025 sakamakon mummunan ruwan sama da zafi.<ref name="ifrc-portal">{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Drought |url=https://www.ifrc.org/emergency/namibia-drought |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=IFRC |publisher=[[Internationale Rotkreuz- und Rothalbmond-Bewegung]] |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin yanayi == Rashin ruwan sama ya biyo bayan raguwar ruwan sama a kudancin lokacin rani na 2023-2024. [[Bayyanawa mai tsanani|Masu bincike]] halayen sun iya nuna cewa [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation|El Niño]] kusan ya ninka yiwuwar irin wannan fari a lokacin rani na kudancin yanayi, watau, a watan Disamba, Janairu, da Fabrairu (DJF), kuma ba za a iya gano tasirin dumama mai mahimmanci ga hazo na DJF da aka yi la'akari da shi ba, yayin da yanayin zafi mafi girma zai iya ƙara evaporation da kuma kara sakamakon fari. A cikin yanayin rikicin yanayi na duniya, 2025 shine shekara ta uku mafi zafi tun lokacin da aka fara rikodin, bisa ga bayanan Copernicus, tare da matsakaicin shekaru uku na 2023-2025 wanda ya wuce 1.5 ° C sama da yanayin zafi na masana'antu a karo na farko, ya kara kara yawan damuwa daga zafi da fari.<ref name="copernicus-2026-01-08">{{Cite web |date=2026-01-08 |title=Copernicus: 2025 was the third hottest year on record |url=https://climate.copernicus.eu/copernicus-2025-was-third-hottest-year-record |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=[[Copernicus Climate Change Service]] |language=en}}</ref> == Hanyar da ake ciki == Daga ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2024, gwamnati ta ayyana dokar ta baci don samun damar amsawa da sauri ga karancin kayayyaki.<ref name="gazette-2024-05-22"/> A lokaci guda, gwamnati ta kaddamar da shirin agaji na fari a duk fadin kasar kuma ta kara matakan tallafi ga dukkan yankuna 14, gami da abinci da ruwa da taimako ga wadanda suka shafa musamman.<ref name="ifrc-ou4-2025-12-16">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-16 |title=Namibia – Drought (MDRNA014), Operations Update #4 |url=https://go-api.ifrc.org/api/downloadfile/94010/MDRNA014%20OU4 |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=IFRC GO |publisher=[[Internationale Rotkreuz- und Rothalbmond-Bewegung]] |language=en}}</ref> ACAPS ta kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen da ke cikin matakin IPC 3+ ya tashi daga kusan 390,000 (2022-2023) zuwa kusan 695,000 (2023-2024) kuma har zuwa miliyan 1.26 a cikin 2024-2025, yana nuna matsalar da ke kara muni.<ref name="acaps-2025-09-09">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-09 |title=Update on the impact of drought – Namibia (Thematic Report) |url=https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20250909_ACAPS_Namibia_-_Update_on_the_impact_of_drought.pdf |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=ACAPS |language=en}}</ref> IFRC ta daidaita taimakon ta bayan 2025 don nuna halin gaggawa da yanayin yanayi.<ref name="ifrc-ou4-2025-12-16" /> == Tasirin yawan jama'a, noma, da yanayin halittu == Rashin abinci ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona, karancin abinci da ruwa ga dabbobi, da kuma hauhawar farashin abinci, wanda ya kara rashin tsaro na abinci, musamman a yankunan karkara da gidaje matalauta.<ref name="acaps-2025-09-09"/> Don rufe gibin furotin, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar a cikin 2024 don ba da izinin sarrafa farautar dabbobin daji (ciki har da giwaye, hippos, buffalos, da zebras) don rarraba nama ga gidajen da ke cikin bukata, wanda aka tattauna da rikici a cikin gida da waje.<ref name="namibian-2024-09-03">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-03 |title=Environment chamber says desert elephants to be culled for drought relief have more value for tourism sector |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/activists-govt-butt-heads-over-animal-slaughter/ |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=[[The Namibian]] |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2025, gwamnati ta ba da rahoton rarraba kusan 142,000 kg na naman giwa ga gidaje a yankuna da yawa a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin taimakon fari.<ref name="namibian-2025-09-15">{{Cite web |date=2025-09-15 |title=Eight regions benefit from elephant meat drought relief |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/eight-regions-benefit-from-elephant-meat-drought-relief/ |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=[[The Namibian]] |language=en}}</ref> A fannin muhalli, an rubuta asarar tsire-tsire masu tsami a Namibia da Afirka ta Kudu, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ci gaba da hamada, raƙuman zafi masu yawa, da hanyoyin lalacewa.<ref name="mongabay-2025-04-18">{{Cite web |date=2025-04-18 |title=Succulents die off with expanding desert in South Africa and Namibia |url=https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/04/succulents-die-off-with-expanding-desert-in-south-africa-and-namibia/ |access-date=2026-02-01 |website=[[Mongabay]] |language=en}}</ref> == Halin da taimako == Gwamnati ta daidaita taimakon abinci, samar da ruwa, da tallafin zamantakewa, yayin da abokan hulɗa na duniya suka ba da taimako na kayan aiki, kudi, da fasaha.<ref name="ifrc-portal" /> IFRC ta kaddamar da roko na gaggawa a cikin 2024 kuma ta buga rahotanni da yawa na halin da ake ciki da aiwatarwa a cikin 2025, ta daidaita martani ga sauye-sauyen halin da ake samu da kuma yanayin yanayi.<ref name="ifrc-ou4-2025-12-16" /> Musamman rauni na iyalai da suka dogara da aikin gona mai amfani da ruwan sama da aikin gona, da kuma karuwar dabarun magance matsalar rashin abinci mai gina jiki, sune babban abin da aka mayar da hankali.<ref name="acaps-2025-09-09" /> == Yanayin kimiyya == Ga taron fari na yanki na 2023-2024, binciken da aka yi ya nuna cewa El Niño shine babban abin da ya haifar da karancin ruwan sama na DJF, yayin da tasirin dumama a kan yiwuwar hazo ba a gano shi ba. A lokaci guda, dumamar duniya tana kara tasirin rashi na hazo ta hanyar hawan iska da zafi. A kan wannan yanayin, [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaita yanayin yanayi]] yana ƙara zama da mahimmanci a cikin sanannun iyakokin daidaitawa a cikin duniya mai zafi. Bayanan Copernicus game da dumama duniya sun nuna yanayin zafi na dindindin wanda ke kara tasirin fari, koda kuwa yanayin hazo na yanki ya fi dacewa da bambancin yanayi kamar El Niño.<ref name="copernicus-2026-01-08"/> == Manazarta == l1yyxpj2jld9v1wejp9k13jg6lb14uz 0 157591 905359 903819 2026-08-21T03:45:50Z BnHamid 12586 905359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tahsin Mohammed Jamshid''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Qatar wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na kungiyar Qatar Stars League Al-Duhail da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙasa ta Qatar . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2024 |title=Indian-origin teenage footballer Tahsin included in Qatar squad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indian-origin-teenage-footballer-tahsin-included-in-qatar-squad/articleshow/110550578.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530172329/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/indian-origin-teenage-footballer-tahsin-included-in-qatar-squad/articleshow/110550578.cms |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=The Times of India |via=The Economic Times – The Times of India}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Tahsin a ranar 16 ga Yuni 2006 a Qatar ga iyayen Malayali na Indiya daga [[Kerala]] . Ya shiga kwallon kafa a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinsa, wanda tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na Jami'ar Calicut. Mahaifin Tahsin Jamshid ya fito ne daga Talassery kuma mahaifiyar Shyma ta fito ne daga Valapattanam . Mahaifinsa yana aiki a matsayin mai lissafi a Qatar. Tahsin ya horar da shi a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa ta Aspire a Qatar kuma ya zama dan wasan Indiya na farko a kasar Gulf. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannur lad makes it to Qatar squad for World Cup qualifiers |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2024/05/30/kannur-lad-makes-qatar-squad-world-cup-qualifiers.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530165507/https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/football/2024/05/30/kannur-lad-makes-qatar-squad-world-cup-qualifiers.html |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> Tahsin ya fara buga [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] a Qatar Stars League . Ya fara buga wa Al Duhail wasa a ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2024 a kan Al Rayyan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tahsin Mohammed Jamshid becomes first Indian-origin player to play in Qatar Stars League |url=https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-tahsin-mohammed-jamshid-qsl-202404 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402131319/https://khelnow.com/football/indian-football-tahsin-mohammed-jamshid-qsl-202404 |archive-date=2 April 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Khel Now}}</ref> yana taka leda a matsayin dan wasan hagu, ya horar da shi a Kwalejin Kwallon Kafa ta Aspire a Qatar kuma ya fito a kungiyoyin shekaru daban-daban a Qatar. Ya kasance daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na Qatar U-16, U-17 da Qatar U-17 . <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=9 October 2022 |title=Qatar qualify for U-17 Asian Cup 2023 |url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/725691/qatar-qualify-for-u-17-asian-cup-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026181757/https://www.gulf-times.com/story/725691/Qatar-qualify-for-U-17-Asian-Cup-2023 |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Gulf Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Qatar qualify to AFC U17 Asian Cup Finals |url=https://www.olympic.qa/media-center/team-qatar-qualify-afc-u17-asian-cup-finals#:~:text=Muscat%3A%20Qatar%20advanced%20to%20the,of%20the%20Qualifiers%20on%20Sunday}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Al Duhail wasa a Qatar Stars League, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta farko ta kasar, ya zama dan wasan kwallon kafa na farko na Indiya da ya taka leda a gasar. An ambaci Tahsin a cikin manyan 'yan wasan Qatar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://x.com/QFA_EN/status/1795529329226690632?t=RPXj2i8J9hnBIXXyQJpIeg&s=19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601141025/https://x.com/QFA_EN/status/1795529329226690632?t=RPXj2i8J9hnBIXXyQJpIeg&s=19 |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> don wasannin Qatar da Afghanistan da Indiya a cikin FIFA World Cup Qualifiers Group A a ranar 6 da 11 ga Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Players from Al Duhail in Qatar National Team… – Duhail Sports Club |url=https://www.duhailsc.qa/news/35870/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530190340/https://www.duhailsc.qa/news/35870/ |archive-date=30 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=www.duhailsc.qa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mustafa |first=Abualabass |date=29 May 2024 |title=Coach Marquez announces squad ahead of World Cup qualifiers |url=https://www.qfa.qa/coach-marquez-announces-squad-ahead-of-world-cup-qualifiers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601140722/https://www.qfa.qa/coach-marquez-announces-squad-ahead-of-world-cup-qualifiers/ |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Qatar Football Association}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar † ! colspan="3" |Kofin ‡ ! colspan="3" |Kasashen Duniya * ! colspan="3" |Jimillar |- !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Taimako !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Taimako !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Taimako !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Taimako |- | rowspan="1" |Al-Duhail SC (U-17) |Qatar Stars League 2022 |26 |1 |4 |0 |0 |0 | - | - | - |26 |1 |4 |- | rowspan="1" |Al-Duhail SC (U-19) |Qatar Stars League 2024 |4 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | - | - | - |4 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Cikakken aikinsa !30 !1 !4 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !30 !2 !4 |} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] aaudy10tgm4jd12dne1iyu7ryievbzb 0 157849 905337 858341 2026-08-20T23:27:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gary W. Dowsett''' masanin ilimin zamantakewa ne na Australiya wanda ya kware a fannin kiwon [[Jima'i da lafiyar haihuwa|lafiyar jima'i]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Photopoulos |first=Julianna |date=2022-09-14 |title=Let's talk about sex: tailoring prostate-cancer care for LGBT+ people |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-02864-9 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=609 |issue=7927 |pages=S48–S50 |doi=10.1038/d41586-022-02864-9 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Shi farfesa ne mai daraja a Jami'ar La Trobe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2019 |title=Celebrating the career of Professor Gary Dowsett |url=https://www.latrobe.edu.au/news/announcements/2019/celebrating-the-career-of-professor-gary-dowsett |access-date=8 September 2025 |publisher=[[La Trobe University]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == Dowsett ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha da difloma a fannin ilimi daga Jami'ar Queensland . Ya sami digiri na PhD daga Jami'ar Macquarie . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Gary Dowsett |url=https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/gwdowsett |access-date=8 September 2025 |publisher=[[La Trobe University]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dowsett ya yi bincike kan Cutar kanjamau ta hanyar ilimin zamantakewa sama da shekaru 40. Bayan an gano shi da Ciwon daji na prostate a shekara ta 2007, kuma daga baya aka yi masa magani, sai ya fara bincike kan tasirin ciwon daji a cikin jima'i da jinsi.[1] == Bayanan littattafai == * Dowsett, G. W. (1996). ''Yin sha'awa: jima'i na ɗan luwaɗi a zamanin cutar kanjamau''. Jami'ar Stanford Press . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tomsen |first=Stephen |date=1998 |title=Book reviews : PRACTICING DESIRE: HOMOSEXUAL SEX IN THE ERA OF AIDS Gary Dowsett Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1996, viii, 322 pp., $26.95 (paperback) |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/144078339803400213 |journal=Journal of Sociology |language=en |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=195–196 |doi=10.1177/144078339803400213 |issn=1440-7833 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onnudotir |first=Helena |date=1999-04-01 |title=Practicing Desire: Homosexual Sex in the Era of AIDS. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA55007530&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=10358811&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon~a909f411&aty=open-web-entry |journal=The Australian Journal of Anthropology |language=English |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=101–103 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Connell, Raewyn, da G. W. Dowsett (1993). ''Sake tunani game da Jima'i: Ka'idar Jama'a da Binciken Jima'a''. Jami'ar Haikali.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patton |first=Wendy |date=1993 |title=RW Connell and GW Dowsett, "Rethinking Sex: Social Theory and Sexuality Research" (Book Review) |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/2f40d128241e4242ca7be17b69c89bfb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816419 |journal=The Australian Journal of Social Issues |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=263}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=RW Connell and GW Dowsett, "Rethinking Sex: Social Theory and Sexuality Research" (Book Review) |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/2f40d128241e4242ca7be17b69c89bfb/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1816419 |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=ProQuest |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r1scbpy7o7zshm2rlqeub6fdtdlxj62 0 158424 905378 860310 2026-08-21T04:00:19Z BnHamid 12586 905378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Broxyquinoline''' wakili ne na antiprotozoal. An bayar da rahoton wata alaƙa da rashin haƙuri da motsa jiki.<ref name="pmid3081430">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Swain R, Bapna JS |date=January 1986 |title=Impairment of exercise tolerance due to broxyquinoline-brobenzoxaldine combination |journal=Human Toxicology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=63–4 |doi=10.1177/096032718600500115 |pmid=3081430 |s2cid=23922563}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2023}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jcabnw8mai64qfojsx456j06n16c25c 0 158446 905372 860382 2026-08-21T03:56:39Z BnHamid 12586 905372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rafoxanide''' salicylanilide ne da aka yi amfani da shi azaman maganin rigakafi.<ref name="Lanusse 2018">{{Cite book|edition=Mark G.}}</ref> Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa don magance cututtukan hanta na manya na nau'in ''Fasciola hepatica'' da ''[[Fasciola gigantica]]'' . <ref name="Lanusse 2018" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} sn7uuny44smep1zscuu90lp0fl8nfmd 0 158707 905369 861521 2026-08-21T03:53:44Z BnHamid 12586 905369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|Malaria]]''' ya yi tasiri sosai a tarihin '''Caribbean''', saboda tasirin da yake da shi a kan mulkin mallaka na tsibirin da kuma tasirin da ya dace da al'umma da tattalin arziki. Ba a samun zazzabin cizon sauro a Amurka kafin Turawa suka gano sabuwar Duniya. Don haka akwai karancin rigakafi a tsakanin al’ummar kasar fiye da na Turawa.[1] Saboda kwayoyin halittarsu, bayin Afirka sun fi samun kariya daga cutar malaria ta falciparum, kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka kawo bayi da yawa daga Afirka. Creoles sun ji cewa cututtuka irin su zazzabin cizon sauro kayan aiki ne da ke hana Turawa mamaye yankunansu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2020}} Kasashen Caribbean da zazzabin cizon sauro ya fi shafa sune tsibirin Greater Antilles da sauran tsibirai masu zafi kamar Martinique da [[Trinidad da Tobago]]. Sauro na Anopheles suna bunƙasa mafi yawa a yankunan zafi da ruwa mai kyau, don haka ba a sami cutar a tsibirai kamar [[Bahamas]] da Antigua ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2020}} Ya zuwa 2019, lokuta da yawa na zazzabin cizon sauro suna faruwa a kowace shekara a Trinidad da Tobago . == Dubi kuma == * [[Yaduwar cututtuka a cikin Caribbean|Rashin kamuwa da cuta a cikin Caribbean]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje==  * {{Cite web |date=May 14, 2019 |title=CARPHA urges region to deal seriously to eradicate mosquitoes |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/carpha-urges-region-to-deal-seriously-to-eradicate-mosquitoes_164690?profile=1373}} {{Americas topic|Malaria in}}{{Caribbean topics|state=collapsed}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] stw7nudp2lrwjxxjku4ck0r50vzwlit 905370 905369 2026-08-21T03:54:11Z BnHamid 12586 /* Manazarta */ 905370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|Malaria]]''' ya yi tasiri sosai a tarihin '''Caribbean''', saboda tasirin da yake da shi a kan mulkin mallaka na tsibirin da kuma tasirin da ya dace da al'umma da tattalin arziki. Ba a samun zazzabin cizon sauro a Amurka kafin Turawa suka gano sabuwar Duniya. Don haka akwai karancin rigakafi a tsakanin al’ummar kasar fiye da na Turawa.[1] Saboda kwayoyin halittarsu, bayin Afirka sun fi samun kariya daga cutar malaria ta falciparum, kuma wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aka kawo bayi da yawa daga Afirka. Creoles sun ji cewa cututtuka irin su zazzabin cizon sauro kayan aiki ne da ke hana Turawa mamaye yankunansu. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2020}} Kasashen Caribbean da zazzabin cizon sauro ya fi shafa sune tsibirin Greater Antilles da sauran tsibirai masu zafi kamar Martinique da [[Trinidad da Tobago]]. Sauro na Anopheles suna bunƙasa mafi yawa a yankunan zafi da ruwa mai kyau, don haka ba a sami cutar a tsibirai kamar [[Bahamas]] da Antigua ba. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2020}} Ya zuwa 2019, lokuta da yawa na zazzabin cizon sauro suna faruwa a kowace shekara a Trinidad da Tobago . == Dubi kuma == * [[Yaduwar cututtuka a cikin Caribbean|Rashin kamuwa da cuta a cikin Caribbean]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin Haɗi na Waje==  * {{Cite web |date=May 14, 2019 |title=CARPHA urges region to deal seriously to eradicate mosquitoes |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/carpha-urges-region-to-deal-seriously-to-eradicate-mosquitoes_164690?profile=1373}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9uxmspcyc2hfansidr27kotrpxpyhw8 0 159085 905374 862842 2026-08-21T03:57:51Z BnHamid 12586 905374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Rouina''' wani yanki ne a Lardin Aïn Defla, [[Aljeriya]] . == Manyan hukumomi == * '''Ruwan''' * Zeddine * Maine {{Aïn Defla Province}} 49ve22wastokway0yy1pnkpuvy775w6 0 160236 905082 904670 2026-08-20T14:45:56Z A09 23573 Reverted edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-45288-30|~2026-45288-30]] ([[User talk:~2026-45288-30|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] 892783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Olufolasade "Sade" Ayomide Danielle Adamolekun '''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olufolasade_Adamolekun</ref> An haife ta a ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 2001) ƙwararriyar 'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ce wacce ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan gaba ko ɗan tsakiya a Hearts. An haife ta a Amurka, tana wakiltar [[Jamaica]] a ƙasashen duniya.<ref>[[https://web.archive.org/web/20190708190751/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF]]</ref> Ta taɓa bugawa USC Trojans wasa a baya. == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a Austin, [[Texas]] ga mahaifinta ɗan Najeriya ɗan kabilar Yarbawa Lanre Adamolekun da mahaifiyarta ɗan Jamaica Michelle Adamolekun, Olufolasade an rene ta ne tare da babban ɗan'uwanta Nathaniel.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190708190751/https://tournament.fifadata.com/documents/FWWC/2019/pdf/FWWC_2019_SQUADLISTS.PDF (PDF) on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 27 May 2019.</ref> A shekarar 2016, Adamolekun ta sami kyautar UIL Girls Soccer All District 14-6A a matsayin ɗalibi na farko a Makarantar Sakandare ta Lake Travis da ke Austin, Texas. A matsayinta na ɗalibi na biyu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Fleming Island, ta sami kyautar All-First Coast 1st Team Award a shekarar 2017 bayan ta zira kwallaye 22. A shekarar 2017 da 2018, Adamolekun ta sami kyautar United Soccer Coaches Youth Girls All-South Region Award. An kuma karrama ta kuma sanya ta cikin jerin 'Yan Matan Gabashin U16/U17 na Cibiyar Ci Gaban Amurka a kakar farko ta shirin 'Yan Mata a shekarar 2018.<ref>http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/adamolekun-sticking-to-her-jamaican-roots_114256?profile=1513 Jamaica Observer. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2019.</ref> === Jami'ar Kudancin California (2019–2022) === Adamolekun ta karɓi tallafin karatu na ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ta fara aikinta na kwaleji tare da Jami'ar Kudancin California a watan Agusta na 2019. Duk da ci gaba da rashin zuwa saboda kiran ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica da kuma alƙawarin da ta ɗauka a duk shekararta ta farko, Adamolekun ta sami lambar yabo ta PAC-12 Conference na zama memba na "Dukan Sabbin Ƙungiyoyi" don kakar wasannin kwaleji ta 2019.<ref>http://www.theathleticsdepartment.com/orgs/UIL/honors/2015-2016-All-District-14-6A-Girls-Soccer-46702/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425142050/http://www.theathleticsdepartment.com/orgs/UIL/honors/2015-2016-All-District-14-6A-Girls-Soccer-46702/ |date=2025-04-25 }} www.theathleticsdepartment.com. Retrieved 19 March 2019.</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Santa Clara Blue Heat FC === Adamolekun ta kasance memba a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta United Women's Soccer ta 2021 a gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Santa Clarita Blue Heat, inda ta ba da gudummawa wajen cin ƙwallo da kuma taimakawa a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Connecticut Fusion FC da ci 5-0.<ref>https://www.jacksonville.com/sports/high-schools/2017-04-11/all-first-coast-girls-soccer-2017-spartans-newton-headlines-deep-area he Florida Times-Union. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</ref> === Hearts === A watan Agusta na 2023, Adamolekun ta koma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Scotland Heart of Midlothian a kan kwangilar shekara ɗaya, tare da zaɓin tsawaita shekara ɗaya. A shekarar 2024 ta sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwangila don ci gaba da zama a ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru biyu.<ref>http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/sports/20190119/girlz-integrating-well-camp jamaica-gleaner.com. Retrieved 9 March 2019.</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasashen waje == === Ƙungiyoyin Matasa na Ƙasa === A watan Maris na 2014, tana da shekaru 13, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin horar da 'yan wasan Amurka na ID2 da ke Portland, OR. An yi amfani da sansanin a matsayin kimantawa ga sansanin horar da 'yan wasan Amurka na gaba. Daga nan aka kira Adamolekun cikin tawagar 'yan wasan Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 14 a watan Yuni, Agusta da Oktoba na 2014. A watan Afrilu na 2014, ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 15 da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Horar da 'Yan wasan Soccer ta Amurka da ke Carson, California. Tana da shekaru 14, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan mata na Amurka na 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 17 daga ranar 15 ga Yuni, zuwa 22 ga Yuni, 2014 a Cibiyar Horar da 'Yan wasan Olympics ta Amurka da ke Chula Vista, California. A watan Maris, Satumba da Nuwamba na 2015, Adamolekun ta halarci sansanin 'yan wasan kasa da shekaru 15 na Amurka. Daga baya an kira Adamolekun zuwa sansanin 'yan wasan mata na ƙasa na Amurka 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 a Bradenton, [[Florida]] daga 6-13 ga Oktoba, 2018.<ref>https://guyanachronicle.com/2019/05/24/reggae-girlz-unbeaten-run-continues-ahead-of-world-cup-bow/</ref> Adamolekun ya karɓi kiran Jamaica 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 don shiga gasar CONCACAF ta mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2018 daga 16-22 ga Oktoba, 2017 a Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Adamolekun ya sami yabo mafi yawan masu zura kwallaye a gasar, inda ya zira kwallaye 4 a wasanni 3 a gasar neman cancantar shiga gasar.<ref>https://www.socceramerica.com/publications/article/76415/rosters-heavy-us-flavor-at-concacaf-under-20-wo.html</ref> Lokacin da yake da shekara 16, an sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan Jamaica 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 don neman cancantar shiga gasar CONCACAF ta mata 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta 2018 a Basseterre, St. Kitts. A wasan farko, Adamolekun ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo da ta bai wa Jamaica nasara 1-0 a kan Jamhuriyar Dominican. Jamaica ta samu gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2018, bayan ta kare a matsayi na farko a zagaye na karshe na neman gurbin shiga gasar Caribbean. Adamolekun ya kammala gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar da kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku.<ref>https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/sport/football/hearts/jamaican-international-becomes-hearts-latest-new-signing-4242331</ref> An sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar CONCACAF ta mata ta Jamaica ta 2018 a Couva, Trinidad & Tobago. Adamolekun ya zura kwallo a wasan Jamaica da [[Nicaragua]] da ci 2-2, kuma an yaba masa da bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da ya sanya Jamaica ta yi daidai da [[Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://britishlinkz.com/ent/interviews/untold-athletes-features-reggae-girl-olufolasade-sade-adamolekun/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-06-29 |archive-date=2022-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202095520/https://britishlinkz.com/ent/interviews/untold-athletes-features-reggae-girl-olufolasade-sade-adamolekun/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, Adamolekun ta fara fitowa a matsayin babbar 'yar wasan mata ta Jamaica a ranar 28 ga Oktoba, 2018, inda ta zura kwallaye biyu a wasan sada zumunta da Nottingham Forest Ladies da ci 3-0. Lura cewa wannan fitowar ba ta cancanta a matsayin 'yar wasan kasa da kasa ba, kuma kwallayen ba su da tasiri ga jimillar kwallayen da ta zura a gasar kasa da kasa tun lokacin da aka buga wasan da kungiyar kwallon kafa ba ta babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ba. Bayan samun gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA a tarihi daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica, an sanya Adamolekun cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 a watan Janairun 2019. Ta samu kiran da aka yi mata na gaba don shiga sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2019 a Jamaica, kuma ta fara buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan sada zumunta da suka doke Chile da ci 1-0 a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2019. Ta kuma buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica ta doke Chile da ci 3-2 a ranar 3 ga Maris, 2019. An gayyaci Adamolekun zuwa sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta uku da Jamaica ta fafata da Afirka ta Kudu a watan Afrilun 2019, inda ta buga wasa a matsayin 'yar wasa a wasan da Jamaica ta buga da ci 1-1 da Afirka ta Kudu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2019. An gayyaci Adamolekun zuwa sansanin shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta hudu da Jamaica ta fafata da Afirka ta Kudu a Kingston, Jamaica a watan Mayun 2019 kuma ta fito a cikin 'yan wasan farko kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa wajen taimakawa. Nasarar da Jamaica ta samu a wasan sada zumunci da Panama a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2019. A lokacin tana da shekaru 18 kuma kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare, an nada Adamolekun a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Jamaica ta zaba domin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019. A ranar 24 ga Mayu, 2019, kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Jamaica ta buga wasanta na karshe a Miramar, Florida a gasar Reggae Girlz Foundation World Cup Send Off Celebration, kafin ta tafi gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a Faransa. Adamolekun ya zura kwallo a wasan sada zumunci da Jamaica ta doke FC Surge ta kungiyar kwallon kafa ta FC Surge da ci 2-1. Lura cewa wannan bayyanar ba ta cancanta a matsayin kasa da kasa ba kuma ba a kirga kwallayen da ta zura a manyan kwallayen kasa da kasa ba tun lokacin da aka buga wasan da kungiyar kwallon kafa ba ta babbar kungiyar kwallon kafa ba. === Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 === Adamolekun ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica 'yan wasa 23 waɗanda suka kafa tarihi a matsayin ƙungiyar Caribbean ta farko da ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA. Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica kuma an san ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan matasa 10 da suka kalli gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a Faransa. Tana da shekaru 18, ta fara shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2019 a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica wadda ta fara wasa da Italiya a Reims, Faransa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2019. === Wasannin Pan American na 2019 === Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 18 da aka zaɓa don Gasar Wasannin Pan American ta 2019 a Lima, Peru, inda aka nuna ta a cikin 'yan wasa 11 da suka fara kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa a wasan da Jamaica ta doke Peru da ci 1-0 a ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2019. Gasar Cin Kofin Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2020 Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 20 da aka zaɓa don Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2020 a Edinberg, Texas, inda aka nuna ta a cikin 'yan wasa 11 da suka fara da Mexico da St. Kitts & Nevis kuma an yaba mata da taimakawa ɗaya a wasan da Jamaica ta yi da St. Kitts & Nevis da ci 7-0 a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2020. === Jerin Wasannin bazara na WNT na 2021 === Adamolekun tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) ta WNT Summer Series ta 2021 daga 10 ga Yuni zuwa 16, 2021 a Houston, Texas, inda Adamolekun An fito a wasannin da aka yi da Costa Rica da Amurka. === Ceton Gasar Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 === Adamolekun na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) a gasar cancantar shiga gasar CONCACAF W ta 2022 daga 16 ga Fabrairu - 12 ga Afrilu, 2022. Adamolekun ya fito a wasannin gasar da Grenada, Bermuda da Tsibirin Cayman. Adamolekun ya samu yabo da taimakon da ya bayar a nasarar da Reggae Girlz ta samu a kan Tsibirin Cayman da ci 9-0. === Gasar Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 === Adamolekun na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka zaɓa don gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 daga 4-18 ga Yuli, 2022 a Monterrey, Mexico, kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Jamaica wadda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Bronze ta biyu a gasar CONCACAF W Championships don cimma cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2023. An nuna Adamolekun a gasar cin kofin mata ta CONCACAF ta 2022 da Kanada da Haiti. === Wasannin Tsakiyar Amurka da Caribbean na 2023 === Adamolekun yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 20 da aka zaɓa don ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Jamaica (wanda aka fi sani da Senior Reggae Girlz) ta wasannin Tsakiyar [[Amurka]] da Caribbean na 2023 a San Salvador, El Salvador daga 23 ga Yuni - 8 ga Yuli, 2023. Adamolekun ya fito a dukkan wasanni uku na rukuni na B da El Salvador, Puerto Rico da Mexico, an danganta Adamolekun da zura ƙwallo a wasan Reggae Girlz da [[Mexico]]. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === ƙwallayen ƙasa da ƙasa === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !scope="col"|Lamba !scope="col"|Rana !scope="col"|Wuri !scope="col"|Abokin hamayya !scope="col"|Ci !scope="col"|Sakamako !scope="col"|Gasa |- | 1. || 3 July 2023 || [[Estadio Las Delicias]], [[Saint Tecla]], El Salvador || {{fbw|MEX}} || align=center|'''2'''–4 || align=center| 3–7 ||[[Football at the 2023 Central American and Caribbean Games – Women's tournament#Group B|CAC games group stage]] |- |} == Rayuwar Kai == An haifi Adamolekun a Amurka ga mahaifin wani Ba’amurke ɗan Najeriya kuma mahaifiyar ɗan Jamaica. Ɗan’uwanta Nathaniel Adamolekun shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Lake Travis da ke Austin, Texas a shekararta ta farko kafin ta koma Florida, inda ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Fleming Island da ke Florida. == Sauran Ayyuka == === Jagoranci === A shekarar 2020, a lokacin rikicin zamantakewa a faɗin Amurka, Adamolekun ta haɗu da kafa Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Baƙar fata ta Ƙasa (UBSAA) a Jami'ar Kudancin California (USC) tare da haɗin gwiwar Hukumar USC don ƙarfafa takwarorinta su yi amfani da dandamalinsu a matsayin 'yan wasa na ɗalibai don yin tasiri mai kyau da kuma taimakawa wajen cike gibin da ke akwai a Jami'ar Kudancin California da kuma cikin al'ummominsu. == Manazarta == b8wc7rkczligpvlhfsa0z86fcb71bvd 0 160270 905358 903816 2026-08-21T03:45:07Z BnHamid 12586 905358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Idan aka kwatanta da sauran lokutan kwanan nan, '''Lokacin [[Influenza|mura]] na 2012-2013''' ya kasance mai tsanani, tare da babban kashi na ziyarar waje don cutar mura (ILI), yawan kwantar da hankali a asibiti (musamman tsakanin mutanen da ke da shekaru 65 da haihuwa), da kuma ƙarin mutuwar da aka ruwaito da aka danganta da cutar huhu da mura idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da suka gabata. Wannan kakar tana da karuwa da wuri a cikin aikin mura ta hanyar Nuwamba da Disamba, tare da mafi girma a ƙarshen Disamba. Rashin lafiya mai kama da mura ya tashi da sauri zuwa sama da tushen aikin da ake tsammani kuma ya kasance mai girma na makonni 15 a jere, yana mai da wannan kakar dan kadan fiye da matsakaici.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.cdc.gov/www_cdc_gov/flu/pastseasons/1213season.htm|title=Summary of the 2012-2013 Influenza Season|website=Centers for Disease Control}} {{source attribution}}</ref> == Allurar rigakafi == Don Lokacin mura na 2012-2013, jimlar allurar rigakafi Amurka ta kasance kusan 45% na mutanen da suka kai watanni 6 da haihuwa, tare da mafi girma a cikin yara (kimanin 57%) fiye da manya (kimani 41.5%), yana nuna karuwar karuwa daga shekarar da ta gabata, kodayake ƙimar ta bambanta da jihar da yawan jama'a, tare da yara masu shekaru 6-23 suna da mafi girma.<ref> https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/influenza-vaccines/us-data-show-higher-flu-vaccine-uptake-kids-adults-health-workers</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kididdigar mura ta Amurka ta hanyar mura == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140223140808/http://www.cdc.gov/flu/pastseasons/1213season.htm tambayoyin da CDC ke yi akai-akai game da lokacin mura na 2012-2013] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mtgbm94wjmgibggggbyxl1jxqsioypi 0 160331 905445 872140 2026-08-21T07:09:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  {{Reflist}}'''Halal Bae''' ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne ɗan ƙasar Masar daga [[Toronto|Toronto, Ontario]] wanda ya fafata a kakar wasa ta 3 ta Canadian Drag Race . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Canada's Drag Race season 3 cast sash-ehs this way: Meet the queens! |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/canadas-drag-race-season-3-161500381.html |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Yahoo Entertainment |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Halal Bae a Misira kuma ta fito ne daga asalin Masar da [[Falasdinawa|Palasdinawa]]. Wata iyali musulma ce ta haife ta a Gabas ta Tsakiya, kafin ta yi ƙaura zuwa Kanada tana da shekaru 18.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ng |first=Tobin |date=2022-08-30 |title=Halal Bae wants to shift perceptions of what drag can be |url=https://broadview.org/halal-bae/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210013626/https://broadview.org/halal-bae/ |archive-date=2023-02-10 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=Broadview Magazine |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Halal Bae mai wasan kwaikwayo ne. Ta sami shahara a Toronto, kuma an kira ta mafi kyawun mai wasan kwaikwayo na birnin ta hanyar NOW Magazine a cikin 2020. Ta yi gasa a karo na uku na Canadian's Drag Race, ta zama 'yar wasan Arewacin Afirka ta farko a kan ikon mallakar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Halal Bae & Miss Moco On Their 'Canada's Drag Race' Journeys |url=https://instinctmagazine.com/halal-bae-miss-moco-on-their-canadas-drag-race-journeys/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Instinct Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Halal Bae ita ce kuma mai hamayya ta farko da ta sami [[Gashin baki|gemu]], wanda Screen Rant ya ce "[ya fadada] ra'ayin abin da yake nufi a zama mai wasan kwaikwayo da kuma yadda dole ne a dauki sarauniya a matsayin mai inganci".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Szelinski |first=Cailyn |date=2022-06-29 |title=Canada's Drag Race: Where To Find The Season 3 Queens on Social Media |url=https://screenrant.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-queens-social-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220717031703/https://screenrant.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-queens-social-media/ |archive-date=2022-07-17 |access-date=2023-10-15 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref> Tobin Ng na Broadview ya ce Halal Bae ya sami yabo a [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]] "don kawo wakilan Musulmi da Gabas ta gwagwalada Tsakiya zuwa wasan kwaikwayon", kuma Michel Cook na Mujallar Instinct ya rubuta, "Ba wai kawai sun taimaka wajen rushe ra'ayoyi game da abin da Musulmi mai kama da gaske yake ba, Bae shine mutum na farko na Arewacin Afirka da ya buga gasar Drag Race. "<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Halal Bae & Miss Moco On Their 'Canada's Drag Race' Journeys |url=https://instinctmagazine.com/halal-bae-miss-moco-on-their-canadas-drag-race-journeys/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324123642/https://instinctmagazine.com/halal-bae-miss-moco-on-their-canadas-drag-race-journeys/ |archive-date=2023-03-24 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Instinct Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Halal Bae ne mai kama da juna kuma yana zaune ne a Toronto . <ref name=":0"/> CBC News ta bayyana ta a matsayin "Sarauniyar Musulmi mai fafutuka". Halal Bae yana son mayar da hankali kan aikin zamantakewa, ginin al'umma, kuma ya ce: "A gare ni, ana amfani da jan a matsayin kayan aikin siyasa, a matsayin hanyar bayyana aikin fasaha na, na gina al'umma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-30 |title=Halal Bae: Queen of Outsiders |url=http://mojotoronto.ca/2021/02/23/halal-bae-queen-of-outsiders/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240730020228/http://mojotoronto.ca/2021/02/23/halal-bae-queen-of-outsiders/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ng |first=Tobin |date=2022-08-30 |title=Halal Bae wants to shift perceptions of what drag can be |url=https://broadview.org/halal-bae/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Broadview Magazine |language=en}}</ref> A cewar The New Arab, ita "mai goyon bayan Falasdinu ne mai 'yanci".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-07-15 |title=Halal Bae 'shockingly' eliminated from Canada's Drag Race |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/halal-bae-shockingly-eliminated-canadas-drag-race |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016005545/https://www.newarab.com/news/halal-bae-shockingly-eliminated-canadas-drag-race |archive-date=2023-10-16 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=[[The New Arab]] |language=en}}</ref> Halal Bae ''ta'' amfani da ''su'' sunaye ta / ''ita'' a cikin jan hankali kuma ''shi'' / su daga jan hankali.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-15 |title=Canada's Drag Race season 3 cast sash-ehs this way: Meet the queens! |url=https://news.yahoo.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-161500381.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628021332/https://news.yahoo.com/canadas-drag-race-season-3-161500381.html |archive-date=2022-06-28 |access-date=2023-10-16 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kdltw5y82edyoqg8cbuc1lhyus46vvl 0 160882 905279 877331 2026-08-20T20:42:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Filip Souček''' (an haife shi 18 Satumba 2000) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Czech wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] na ƙungiyar Slovak Tatran Prešov . Kafin zuwansa Tatran Prešov, an ba shi rance a MFK Ružomberok daga Sparta Prague . == Aikin kulob == Souček ya fara aikinsa ne yana buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa a ƙungiyar Hlučín, kafin ya koma Opava . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2020 |title=Den fotbalových nadějí ve čtvrtek 10. září |url=http://www.fchlucin.cz/aktuality/detail/965-den-fotbalovych-nadeji-ve-ctvrtek-10-zari |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=FC Hlučín |language=cs}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Mayu 2019, Souček ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Opava, inda ya buga wasa a minti na 84 a wasan da suka yi nasara da Dukla Prague da ci 3-2. <ref>{{Soccerway|610270|Filip Souček}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Fabrairu 2020, Sparta Prague ta sayi Souček kan kuɗin Kč miliyan 15, inda ta ba shi aro ga Opava har zuwa sauran kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Souček definitivně hráčem Sparty |url=https://opavsky.denik.cz/fotbal-prvni-liga/soucek-definitivne-hracem-sparty-20200211.html |access-date=3 September 2021 |website=[[Deník]] |publisher=[[Vltava Labe Media]] |language=cs}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Agusta 2022, Souček ya shiga Zbrojovka Brno akan lamunin shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lísal |first=Martin |date=5 August 2022 |title=Do Zbrojovky přichází Filip Souček! |trans-title=Filip Souček is coming to Zbrojovka! |url=http://fczbrno.cz/clanek.asp?id=Do-Zbrojovky-prichazi-Filip-Soucek-8421 |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=FC Zbrojovka Brno |language=cs |archive-date=5 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805133319/https://fczbrno.cz/clanek.asp?id=Do-Zbrojovky-prichazi-Filip-Soucek-8421 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Folk |first=Čestmír |date=5 August 2022 |title=Ze Sparty k nováčkovi. Záložník Souček vypomůže v lize fotbalistům Zbrojovky |url=https://www.sport.cz/clanek/fotbal-ceska-1-liga-ze-sparty-k-novackovi-zaloznik-soucek-vypomuze-v-lize-fotbalistum-zbrojovky-3529413 |access-date=5 August 2022 |website=Sport.cz |publisher=Borgis |language=cs}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Yuli 2023, Souček ya shiga Jablonec akan lamunin shekara guda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Matěj Polidar a Filip Souček mají smlouvy! |url=https://www.fkjablonec.cz/article/10090-Matej-Polidar-a-Filip-Soucek-maji-smlouvy |access-date=21 July 2023 |website=FK Jablonec |language=cs}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga Janairu 2025, Souček ya koma Ružomberok a matsayin aro na rabin shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Novák |first=Jiří |date=16 January 2025 |title=Souček končí ve Slovácku. Záložník Spartu odchází na Slovensko |url=https://infotbal.cz/soucek-konci-na-slovacku-zaloznik-spartu-odchazi-na-slovensko/ |access-date=16 January 2025 |website=inFotbal.cz |publisher=Sport News Invest |language=cs}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa kulob din wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 5-1 a hannun zakarun gasar Slovan Bratislava, inda ya buga dukkan mintuna 90. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MFK Ružomberok - ŠK Slovan Bratislava {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/2507-ruz-slo |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> Souček ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a wasan da suka doke FC Košice da ci 2-1, inda ya zura kwallo a minti na 81, wanda hakan ya tabbatar wa Ružomberok maki 3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MFK Ružomberok - FC Košice {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/2518-ruz-kos |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> A kan 9 Yuli 2025, Souček ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da Tatran Prešov . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Novák |first=Jiří |date=9 July 2025 |title=Souček definitivně opouští Spartu. 24letý záložník přestupuje na Slovensko |url=https://infotbal.cz/soucek-definitivne-opousti-spartu-24lety-zaloznik-prestupuje-na-slovensko/ |access-date=9 July 2025 |website=inFotbal.cz |publisher=Sport News Invest |language=cs}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|16 December 2021}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Kofi ! colspan="2" | Nahiyar Nahiyar ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | rowspan="3" | Opava | 2018–19 | rowspan="2" | Gasar Farko ta Czech | 2 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 2 | 0 |- | 2019–20 | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 15 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 15 ! 0 ! 2 ! 0 ! colspan="2" | — ! colspan="2" | — ! 17 ! 0 |- | Opava (rance) | 2019–20 | rowspan="3" | Gasar Farko ta Czech | 8 | 1 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 8 | 1 |- | rowspan="3" | Sparta Prague | 2020–21 | 18 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 23 | 1 |- | 2021–22 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | colspan="2" | — | 25 | 1 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 37 ! 1 ! 5 ! 1 ! 6 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 48 ! 2 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 60 ! 2 ! 7 ! 1 ! 6 ! 0 ! 0 ! 0 ! 73 ! 3 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] rpzgc3c3nizitas65rn7wlohxbb3xxh 0 161031 905274 878653 2026-08-20T20:23:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | honorific_prefix = [[Chieftain|Chief]] | name = Festus Okotie Eboh | honorific_suffix = | image = Aankomst Nigeriaanse minister van Financien Okili Ebon op Schiphol Okili Ebon, Bestanddeelnr 915-6387.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Okotie-Eboh in 1963 | office1 = [[Finance Minister of Nigeria|Minister of Finance]] | prime_minister1 = [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] | term_start1 = 1957 | term_end1 = 15 January 1966 | predecessor1 = ''Position established'' | successor1 = [[Obafemi Awolowo]] | office2 = Minister of Labour and Social Welfare | prime_minister2 = Abubakar Tafawa Balewa | term_start2 = 1955 | term_end2 = 1957 | predecessor2 = ''Position established'' | successor2 = ''Position abolished'' | birth_name = Festus Samuel Eboh | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1912|07|18}} | birth_place = [[Warri]], [[Southern Nigeria Protectorate]] | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1966|01|15|1912|07|18}} | death_place = | party = [[National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons]] | occupation = Politician | children = 9, including [[Ajoritsedere Awosika]] (daughter) | relatives = {{plainlist| * [[Oladipo Jadesimi]] (son-in-law) * [[Amy Jadesimi]] (granddaughter)}} }} '''Cif Festus Okotie-Eboh''' (18 ga Yulin 1912 – 15 ga Janairun 1966) ɗan siyasar [[Najeriya]] ne wanda ya riƙe muƙamin [[Ministan Kuɗi na Tarayyar Najeriya]] daga shekarar 1957 zuwa 1966 a gwamnatin Sir [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-13 |title=Chief Festus Sam Okotie-Eboh, the colossus lives on |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/01/chief-festus-sam-okotie-eboh-the-colossus-lives-on/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria |access-date=2022-03-03 |newspaper=Vanguard |language=en-US}}</ref> An haifi Okotie-Eboh ga wani basarake na kabilar [[Itsekiri]], Yarima Okotie Eboh, a garin Warri da ke bakin [[Kogin Benin]] a yankin [[Niger Delta]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Larson|first=Sylvia B.|title=Evans, George (1797-1867), lawyer, politician, and businessman|date=February 2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|series=American National Biography Online|doi=10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0400350}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Okotie- Eboh: In time and history|url=https://guardian.ng/art/okotie-eboh-in-time-and-history/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-04-10|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> Ya kasance Ma’aji na Jam'iyyar [[National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons]] (NCNC) a lokacin [[Jamhuriyar Farko ta Najeriya]]. Haka kuma ya shugabanci Ƙungiyar ’Yan Majalisar Tarayya ta NCNC bayan maye gurbin [[K.O. Mbadiwe]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation|last=Sklar |first=Richard |year=2004|publisher=Africa World Press Press|page=227 |isbn=9781592212095|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi0aVR4YkmUC&q=okotie+eboh+treasurer&pg=PA227}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da harkokin kasuwanci == An haifi Okotie-Eboh da suna '''Festus Samuel Edah''' a yankin Benin River da ke tsohuwar Warri Division.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ekeh|first=Peter |title=History of the Urhobo People of Niger Delta|year=2005 |publisher=Urhobo Historical Society |page=292}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1932 zuwa 1936 ya yi karatu a Makarantar Baptist ta Sapele.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Nigeria|year=2009|last=Falola |first=Toyin |publisher=Scarecrow Press|page=284 |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000falo}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Ofishin Gundumar Yanki kafin ya koma tsohuwar makarantar sa a matsayin malami.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> A shekarar 1937 ya samu aiki a kamfanin [[Bata (company)|Bata Shoe Company]] a matsayin magatakardan lissafi.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> Yayin da yake aiki a matsayin magatakarda, ya ci gaba da karatun kula da littattafan kuɗi da lissafi. A shekarar 1944 kamfanin Bata ya mayar da shi [[Legas]] inda ya zama Babban Magatakarda kuma Akanta na Yankin Yammacin Afirka. Bayan shekara guda ya koma [[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]] a matsayin Mataimakin Manajan reshen kamfanin. A shekarar 1947 an tura shi [[Prague]], a ƙasar Czechoslovakia, domin ƙarin horo inda ya samu difloma a fannin gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci da kula da ƙafafu (chiropody). Daga baya ya bar Bata ya kafa nasa kasuwancin katako da roba.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> Ya shiga harkar fitar da [[roba]] zuwa ƙasashen waje ta hanyar kamfaninsa mai suna ''Afro-Nigerian Export and Import Company'', wanda ke fitar da robar ''ribbed smoked sheet'' zuwa Turai da Arewacin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> A shekarar 1958 ya buɗe masana'antar sarrafa roba, sannan a shekarar 1963 ya kafa masana'antar takalma ta ''Omimi Rubber and Canvas Shoe Factory''. Har ila yau, tare da wasu abokan hulɗarsa na ƙasashen waje guda biyu, Dizengoff da Coutinho Caro, sun kafa kamfanoni da suka haɗa da ''Mid-West Cement Company'' a [[Koko, Delta|Koko]] da kuma ''Unameji Cabinet Works''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-10 |title=About Us – HistoryVille |url=https://www.thehistoryville.com/about-historyville/ |access-date=2026-06-13 |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1942 Okotie-Eboh ya yi aure, kuma tare da matarsa suka kafa jerin makarantu a [[Sapele, Delta|Sapele]]. Makarantar farko ita ce ''Sapele Boys Academy'', sannan suka kafa ''Zik's College of Commerce''. A shekarar 1953 ya kafa ''Sapele Academy Secondary School''. A shekarun 1940 da 1950 ya kasance memba a kwamitocin Warri Ports Advisory Committee, Sapele Township Advisory Board da kuma Sapele Town Planning Authority.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Eguoritse|first=O|title=Feathers for a great Nigerian statesman: being a short biographical portrait of Chief, the Hon. F.S. Okotie-Eboh|date=1959|publisher=Twentieth Century Press|location=Apapa|language=en|oclc=16667560}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == A shekarar 1951, bayan samun goyon baya daga [[Nnamdi Azikiwe|Azikiwe]], ya tsaya takarar kujerar majalisa kuma aka zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Yankin Yamma.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Accord Concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity (10)|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/accord-concondiale-the-continuous-search-for-nigerias-elusive-unity-10/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2017-08-16|newspaper=The Sun|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> A shekarar 1954 aka zaɓe shi a matsayin ma’aji na jam’iyyar NCNC, sannan ya samu nasarar wakiltar yankin Warri a Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-01-25|title=Immortalizing Okotie-Eboh|url=https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=16348|access-date=2020-06-05|website=The Pointer News Online|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605140431/https://thepointernewsonline.com/?p=16348|url-status=dead}}</ref> A watan Janairun 1955 aka naɗa shi Ministan Kwadago da Jin Daɗin Jama'a na Tarayya, sannan bayan shekaru biyu aka naɗa shi Ministan Kuɗi na Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Okotie- Eboh: In time and history|url=https://guardian.ng/art/okotie-eboh-in-time-and-history/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=2016-04-10|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref> == Rayuwar sirri == Okotie-Eboh ya auri wata mace 'yar kabilar Itsekiri mai suna Victoria a shekarar 1942. Daya daga cikin ’ya’yansa mata, Alero, ta auri [[Oladipo Jadesimi]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-09-21|title=Oil tycoon Oladipo Jadesimi's daughter, Emma, takes to dancing in London|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/oil-tycoon-oladipo-jadesimis-daughter-emma-takes-to-dancing-in-london/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-06-04|newspaper=The Sun|language=en-US}}</ref> Ƙaramar ’yarsa, [[Ajoritsedere Awosika]], tsohuwar ma’aikaciyar gwamnati ce. An kuma ce ya auri wata mace ’yar Itsekiri mai suna Irene Dorti. == Mutuwa == An kashe Okotie-Eboh tare da Firaministan Najeriya [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]] a lokacin [[Juyin mulkin Najeriya na 1966]] da ya faru a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1966, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen [[Jamhuriyar Farko ta Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/nigeria/70.htm|title=Nigeria - the 1966 Coups, Civil War, and Gowon's Government}}</ref> Kwana biyu kafin mutuwarsa, Okotie-Eboh ya gana da [[Lee Kuan Yew]]. A wani jawabi da Lee ya gabatar a shekarar 1993, ya bayyana cewa kafin rasuwarsa, Okotie-Eboh yana da shirin barin gwamnati domin mayar da hankali kan kafa masana'antar takalma.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Kuan Yew |title=SPEECH BY MR LEE KUAN YEW, SENIOR MINISTER, FOR AFRICA LEADERSHIP FORUM AT THE REGENT HOTEL ON MONDAY, 8 NOVEMBER 1993 |url=https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/speeches/record-details/7429141f-115d-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad |access-date=11 July 2024}}</ref> == Karin karatu == * Rosalynde Ainslie, Catherine Hoskyns, [[Ronald Segal]]; ''Political Africa: A Who's Who of Personalities and Parties''. Frederick A. Praeger, 1961. * [[Ryszard Kapuściński]], ''Anatomy of a Coup d'Etat'', babi a cikin ''[[The Shadow of the Sun]]'' (1998). == Manazarta == g9uv2m40flzmn2bxsxtv8rlv6zthbey 0 161033 905275 904010 2026-08-20T20:23:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Festus Bikepre Igbeyinadun Porbeni''', '''CFR''', tsohon jami’in '''Rundunar Sojin Ruwa ta Najeriya''' ne mai ritaya, kuma ɗan siyasa da kuma '''mai gudanar da harkokin wasanni'''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=PORBENI, Rear Admiral Festus Bikepre Igbeyinadun |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/porbeni-rear-admiral-festus-bikepre-igbeyinadun/ |access-date=26 December 2025 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=DailyTrend |date=2025-06-13 |title=Ex-Transport Minister, Porbeni Makes Case for Development of Diving Sector, Training Institutions |url=https://dailytrend.com.ng/2025/06/13/ex-transport-minister-porbeni-makes-case-for-divers-training-institutions/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=First with the news |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da rayuwar mutum == An haifi Porbeni a watan Mayu 1946 a Abari, [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], [[Najeriya]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=MARITIME LIVING LEGEND OF THE WEEK: Admiral Festus Porbeni (Rtd) |url=https://shippingworld-ng.com/index.php/2019/07/29/maritime-living-legend-of-the-week-admiral-festus-porbeni-rtd-mni-cfr/ |access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref> Ya auri Gladys Dubling-Green a shekara ta 1974; ma'auratan suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu da mata biyu. Gladys Dubling-Green yanzu ta mutu.<ref name=":0"/> == Ilimi == Festus ya yi karatu a '''Ereko Methodist Primary School''' daga shekarar '''1951 zuwa 1959'''. Daga baya ya halarci '''Hussy College, Warri''', daga '''1963 zuwa 1964''', sannan ya ci gaba da karatu a '''Government College, Ughelli''', daga '''1965 zuwa 1966'''. A shekara ta 1967, ya shiga cikin Sojojin Ruwa na Najeriya kuma ya kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Tsaron Najeriya|Kwalejin Tsaro ta Najeriya]], [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], inda aka kiyasta shi mafi kyau a cikin batutuwan sabis a cikin 3rd Regular Course. Ya ci gaba zuwa Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Mataimakin, Venderthy Cochia, [[Indiya]] a cikin 1970. Ya kammala Darasi na Deep Sea Diving a Port Harcourt a shekarar 1972, sannan ya biyo bayan Darasi na Seamanship a Royal Navy Seamansship School, [[Portsmouth]], [[Ingila]] a shekarar 1973. Fetus ya kammala karatun kwararren kewayawa a Indiya a shekarar 1975. A shekara ta 1979 ya halarci [[Kwalejin Rundunar Soji da Ma’aikata, Jaji|Kwalejin Ma'aikatan Kwamandan Jaji]] kuma ya kammala a shekara ta 1980. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria @ 60: What Biafra, Oduduwa, Niger Delta, Other Agitators Must Do – Porbeni |url=https://kristinareports.net/nigeria-60-what-biafra-oduduwa-niger-delta-other-agitators-must-do-porbeni/ |access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa === A shekara ta 1971, an nada shi a matsayin Babban Jami'in, NNS Enugu, da Kwamandan Jami'in NNS Argungu a shekara ta 1974, kuma an sake tura shi a matsayin Jami'in Pioneer mai kula da [[Naval Training School, Port Harcourt|Makarantar Horar da Sojan Ruwa, Port Harcourt]] a shekara ta 1976. Ya zama Jami'in Gudanarwa da Lieutenant na farko a shekarar 1977, kuma a shekarar 1978 NNS Obuma da Kwamandan Jami'in, NNS Ruwan Yaro, kuma an nada shi a matsayin Babban Jami'in NNS Akaso a wannan shekarar. A shekara ta 1979 ya zama Jami'in Ayyuka na Flotilla . <ref name=":0"/> Porbeni ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamandan Pioneer Base, Naval College Onne, Port Harcourt a cikin 1980 kuma a cikin wannan ci gaba zuwa hedkwatar Naval a matsayin Darakta na Ayyukan Naval. A shekara ta 1982 ya kasance Jami'in Ma'aikata 1, Darakta na Horarwa da Ma'aikata, Hedikwatar Tsaro, Legas. Ya kasance Kwamandan Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Najeriya, kuma Darakta na Bincike da Nazarin Bincike a Kwalejin Yakin Najeriya. <ref name=":0"/> === Ayyukan diflomasiyya da siyasa === Porbeni ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan tsaro ga Najeriya a [[Malabo]], [[Gini Ikwatoriya|Equatorial Guinea]], kuma daga baya a matsayin jakadan mazaunin Equatorial Guinea tare da izini ga [[Kamaru]], [[Gabon]], da [[Sao Tomé|São Tomé]] da Príncipe daga 1982 zuwa 1988. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutual 2018 Annual Report & Accounts |url=https://www.mutualng.com/assets/docs/plc-investors/2018/2018_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_MUTUAL_BENEFITS_ASSURANCE_PLC_JULY_19TH_2019.pdf |access-date=26 December 2025 |archive-date=20 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720130045/https://www.mutualng.com/assets/docs/plc-investors/2018/2018_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_MUTUAL_BENEFITS_ASSURANCE_PLC_JULY_19TH_2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> An nada shi Ministan Sufuri a lokacin gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta Janar [[Abdulsalami Abubakar]], yana aiki daga 1998 har zuwa dawowar mulkin farar hula a 1999. <ref name=":0"/> === Gudanar da wasanni === Porbeni ta kasance mai aiki a cikin mulkin wasanni. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban kungiyar Rowing, Canoe and Sailing Federation (NRCSF) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ochicha |first=Lovette |date=2025-04-29 |title=Making Waves: How Rear Admiral Festus Porbeni is Steering Nigeria's Rise in Global Rowing and Canoeing |url=https://www.sports247.ng/making-waves-how-rear-admiral-festus-porbeni-is-steering-nigerias-rise-in-global-rowing-and-canoeing/ |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=Sports247 Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban kungiyar African Canoeing (CAC). <ref name=":1"/> Ya goyi bayan karbar bakuncin manyan gasar zakarun tseren jirgin ruwa na nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Porbeni, former Transport Minister, advocates development of diving sector to boost massive employment |url=https://theeyewitnessnews.com/2025/06/13/porbeni-former-transport-minister-advocates-development-of-diving-sector-for-massive-employment/ |access-date=26 December 2025}}{{Cite web |title=Nigeria will host befitting African Canoe Sprint Championship — Porbeni |url=https://sportingtribune.com/nigeria-willhost-befitting-african-canoe-sprint-championship-porbeni/ |access-date=26 December 2025}}</ref> === Matsayi na baya === Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aiki mai aiki, Porbeni ya shiga kasuwanci kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin kamfanoni, gami da a matsayin darektan da ba babban jami'in Mutual Benefits Assurance Plc ba. Ya kuma rike mukamin wakilin girmamawa na [[Romainiya|Romania]] a yankin Neja Delta . <ref name=":1"/> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * memba na Cibiyar Nautical, London * Medal na Ma'aikatan Sojoji (Nijeriya) * Medal of Equatorial Guinea Military Merit, Class na biyu == Dubi kuma == * Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Najeriya * [[Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa da Dabaru ta ƙasa|Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Kasa da Dabarun]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 63ayjvbi47lc0ytq49g0n1znx27ce26 0 161742 905027 884262 2026-08-20T12:35:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dragan Apić''' ( Serbian Cyrillic ; an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Oktoba 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon]] kwando ne ɗan ƙasar Serbia a ƙungiyar Río Breogán ta Liga ACB . == Sana'ar ƙwararru == A watan Maris na 2015, Apić ya rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar Crvena zvezda Telekom kuma nan take aka ba shi aro ga FMP, jim kaɗan kafin fara kakar wasan Super League ta Serbia, bayan ya shafe shekarun farko na aikinsa a Vršac . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2015 |title=Apić i Davidovac novi igrači Crvene zvezde Telekom |url=http://www.kkvrsac.rs/index.php/vesti-klub/347-apic-i-davidovac-novi-igraci-crvene-zvezde-telekom |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150333/http://www.kkvrsac.rs/index.php/vesti-klub/347-apic-i-davidovac-novi-igraci-crvene-zvezde-telekom |archive-date=2 April 2015 |publisher=KK Vršac Swisslion |language=Serbian}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Satumba, 2017, Apić ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru huɗu ga Crvena zvezda . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Zvezda complete 3 more transfers - Lazarević, Apić & Davidovac join the red & white crew |url=http://www.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=38648 |access-date=5 August 2017 |publisher=aba-liga.com}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Disamba, 2017, an tura shi zuwa FMP don sauran kakar wasa ta 2017–18. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dragan Apić and Stefan Lazarević will play for FMP until the end of season |url=https://www.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=39382 |access-date=20 January 2019 |website=aba-liga.com}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2018–19, an nada Apić a matsayin ɗan wasan Adriatic League na watan Nuwamba da Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MVP of November: Dragan Apić (FMP) |url=https://www.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=41090 |access-date=20 January 2019 |website=aba-liga.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MVP of December: Dragan Apić (FMP) |url=https://www.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=41325 |access-date=2 January 2019 |website=aba-liga.com}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Janairun 2019, Apić ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru huɗu da ƙungiyar Lokomotiv Kuban ta Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apić stigao kod Jovanovića u Lokomotivu |url=http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/sport.295.html:772292-Apic-stigao-kod-Jovanovica-u-Lokomotivu |access-date=19 January 2019 |website=novosti.rs}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2020, an ba shi aro ga San Pablo Burgos na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Spain Liga ACB har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2019-20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2020 |title=Lokomotiv loans Dragan Apic to Burgos for the rest of the season |url=https://www.eurohoops.net/en/fiba-champions-league/997766/lokomotiv-loans-dragan-apic-to-burgos-for-the-rest-of-the-season/ |access-date=8 January 2020 |website=eurohoops.net}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Yuli, 2020, Apić ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da ƙungiyar Igokea ta Bosnia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dragan Apić pens a 2-year deal with Igokea |url=https://www.aba-liga.com/news.php?id=43629 |access-date=4 July 2020 |website=aba-liga.com}}</ref> Bayan kwana goma, duk da haka, ya rabu da Igokea kuma ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da ƙungiyar Montenegro Budućnost VOLI . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bivši košarkaš Zvezde iznenada napustio Igokeu |url=https://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/vesti.php?yyyy=2020&mm=07&dd=15&nav_id=1707235 |access-date=15 July 2020 |website=b92.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zvanično: Budućnost "ukrala" Apića! |url=https://www.b92.net/sport/kosarka/vesti.php?yyyy=2020&mm=07&dd=15&nav_id=1707275 |access-date=15 July 2020 |website=b92.net}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Yuli, 2021, ya sanya hannu da Stelmet Zielona Góra na PLK . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Još jedan Srbin u Zjelonoj Gori: Potpisao i Dragan Apić |url=https://www.mozzartsport.com/kosarka/vesti/jos-jedan-srbin-u-zjelonoj-gori-potpisao-i-dragan-apic/392868 |access-date=13 July 2021 |website=mozzartsport.com}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2022, ya sanya hannu da Nizhny Novgorod na VTB United League . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 7, 2022 |title=Dragan Apic joined Nizhny Novgorod for 2022-2023 season |url=https://nn-basket.ru/en/news/k-nizhnemu-novgorodu-prisoedinilsya-serbskij-bigmen-dragan-apich/ |access-date=December 29, 2022 |website=nn-basket.ru |publisher= |language=En}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2024, ya sanya hannu tare da Río Breogán na Liga ACB . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=June 10, 2024 |title=Dragan Apic súmase ao xogo interior do Río Breogán |url=https://www.cbbreogan.com/dragan-apic-sumase-ao-xogo-interior-del-rio-breogan |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=cbbreogan.com |publisher= |language=gl}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Euroleague player statistics legend}} === gasar Euroleague === {{Euroleague player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"| [[2017–18 EuroLeague|2017–18]] | style="text-align:left;"| [[2017-18 KK Crvena zvezda season|Crvena zvezda]] | 3 || 0 || 5.6 || 1.000 || .000 || .000 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 1.3 || -.7 |- class="sortbottom" | align="center" colspan="2"| Career | 3 || 0 || 5.6 || 1.000 || .000 || .000 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || 1.3 || -.7 {{S-end}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124207/http://www.aba-liga.com/League/Player.aspx?id=2506 Dragan Apić] a aba-liga.com * [http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Dragan-Apic-69685/ Dragan Apić] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927164718/http://www.draftexpress.com/profile/Dragan-Apic-69685/ |date=2022-09-27 }} a draftexpress.com * [http://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Dragan_Apic/258592 Dragan Apić] a eurobasket.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094145/http://www.fiba.com/pages/eng/fc/gamecent/p/pid/6077389/playerview.html Dragan Apić] a fiba.com [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} sk535nsw6ka3voqdnmbgsba2dt2ztlx 0 162084 905355 886008 2026-08-21T03:39:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905355 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Pepe Guilavogui''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni 1993) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Guinea wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . == Aikin kulob == Guilavogui ya buga wasansa na farko na Fortuna Liga don ViOn Zlaté Moravce da Spartak Myjava akan 16 Yuli 2016. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Guilavogui ya wakilci 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na Guinea a gasar Toulon ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinea fall foul of ruthless Three Lions in Toulon Tournament |url=https://www.thefa.com/news/2016/May/23/guinea-report-230516}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.spartak.sk/hrac.asp?id=Pepe-Guilavogui-485&sezona=2016&kategorie=JUN Bayanin kulob na FC Spartak Tranava] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919173106/http://www.spartak.sk/hrac.asp?id=Pepe-Guilavogui-485&sezona=2016&kategorie=JUN |date=2016-09-19 }} * Pépé Guilavogui * {{Soccerway|pepe-guilavogui/243070}} * [https://www.eurofotbal.cz/hraci/pepe-guilavogui-68491/ Bayanin Eurofotbal] * [https://futbalnet.sk/member/1371477/#player Bayanin Futbalnet] * {{NFT player|59419/Pepe_Guilavogui}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] 62jfclvefcumf4uuq7dnqhp8kgis9oj 0 162128 905043 886490 2026-08-20T12:50:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''2026 Duke's Mayo Bowl''' wasa ne na Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji da aka buga a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 2026, a filin wasa na Bank of America da ke Charlotte, [[North Carolina]] . Duke's Mayo Bowl na shekara-shekara na 24 ya fara ne da misalin ƙarfe 8:00 na yamma EST kuma an watsa shi a kan ESPN.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2025-26 College Football Playoff schedule, dates, TV channel, sites |url=https://www.ncaa.com/news/football/article/2025-05-07/2025-26-college-football-playoff-schedule-dates-tv-channel-sites |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=NCAA.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=College Football Bowl Schedule |url=https://fbschedules.com/college-football-bowl-schedule/ |access-date=27 June 2025 |website=FBSchedules.com}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin Wasannin kofin 2025-26 wanda ya kammala kakar kwallon kafa ta FBS ta 2025. Mai tallafawa wasan shine Duke's Mayonnaise . Wake Forest na Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC) ya ci Jihar Mississippi na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC), 43-29.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2026 |title=Robby Ashford Leads Wake Forest Past Mississippi State 43-29 in Duke's Mayo Bowl |url=https://www.cbssports.com/college-football/news/robby-ashford-leads-wake-forest-past-mississippi-state-43-29-in-dukes-mayo-bowl/ |access-date=January 3, 2026 |website=CBS Sports |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi == Wasan ya nuna Wake Forest na Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC) da Jihar Mississippi na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). Ƙungiyoyi sun yi taro ɗaya da ya gabata, nasarar da Jihar Mississippi ta samu a gasar Music City Bowl ta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wake Forest vs. Mississippi State football series history games list |url=https://www.winsipedia.com/games/wake-forest/vs/mississippi-state |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=winsipedia.com}}</ref> === Wake Forest Demon Deacons === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Wake Forest ta tara rikodin 8-4 a lokacin kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, ta rasa (a cikin karin lokaci) ga ƙungiyar da ta fi dacewa, Georgia Tech, kuma ta kayar da ƙungiyar da ta yi, Virginia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wake Forest Demon Deacons |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/team/_/id/154/wake-forest-demon-deacons |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna babban canji daga yakin neman zabe na 2024, inda Demon Deacons suka tafi 4-8. A cikin kakar wasa ta baya, Wake Forest ta hayar tsohon kocin Jihar Washington Jake Dickert a matsayin kocin su na gaba. === Bulldogs na Jihar Mississippi === Jihar Mississippi ta lashe wasanni hudu na farko, ciki har da nasarar maki hudu a kan Jihar Arizona, amma daga bisani ta rasa bakwai daga cikin wasanninsu takwas da suka rage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mississippi State Bulldogs |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/team/_/id/344/mississippi-state-bulldogs |access-date=December 31, 2025 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Rashin nasara biyar ya kasance ga ƙungiyoyi masu daraja - Tennessee, Texas A&M Aggies football team">Texas A&M, Texas, Georgia, da Ole Miss. Tare da rikodin 5-7, Bulldogs ba su cancanci cin kofin ba, amma sun sami gayyata saboda wasu ƙungiyoyin da suka cancanci yin fice. == Takaitaccen Bayani == {{Americanfootballbox|titlestyle=background:#000000; color:#FFFFFF; border: 2px solid #FFBF00; text-align:center;|state=autocollapse|bg=#fff|bg2=#eee|title=2026 Duke's Mayo Bowl|date=Friday, January 2, 2026|time=8:00 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]|road='''Wake Forest'''|R1=15|R2=0|R3=15|R4=13|home=Mississippi State|H1=6|H2=3|H3=11|H4=9|stadium=[[Bank of America Stadium]] • [[Charlotte, North Carolina]]|attendance=29,328|weather=Cloudy • '''Temperature''': {{convert|57|F|C}} • '''Wind''': {{convert|6|mph|kph|abbr=on}} northeast|referee=Gregory Blum|TV=[[ESPN College Football|ESPN]]|TVAnnouncers=[[Anish Shroff]] (play-by-play), [[Andre Ware]] (analyst), and Paul Carcaterra (sideline)|reference=[https://www.espn.com/college-football/game/_/gameId/401778334/tbd-mississippi-st Box score]}} === Kididdiga === {{AmFootballGameStatistics|Float=left|Visitor=Wake Forest Demon Deacons|VisitorDisplay=WF|VisitorAltColors=y|Home=Mississippi State Bulldogs|HomeDisplay=MSST|VisFirsts=23|VisPlaysYds=68/451|VisRushing=35/148|VisPassYds=303|VisPassing=20/33/1|VisTOP=31:35|HomeFirsts=20|HomePlaysYds=69/408|HomeRushing=42/114|HomePassYds=294|HomePassing=16/27/0|HomeTOP=28:25}}{{AmFootballGameTopPlayers|Float=right|Visitor=Wake Forest Demon Deacons|VisitorDisplay=Wake Forest|VisitorAltColors=y|Home=Mississippi State Bulldogs|HomeDisplay=Mississippi State|VisPasser=[[Robby Ashford]]|VisPassStats=20/33, 303 yards, 3 TD, 1 INT|VisRusher=Ty Clark III|VisRushStats=17 carries, 91 yards|VisReceiver=Carlos Hernandez|VisReceivingStats=6 receptions, 73 yards|HomePasser=[[Kamario Taylor]]|HomePassStats=13/22, 241 yards, 1 TD|HomeRusher=Kamario Taylor|HomeRushStats=18 carries, 63 yards, 1 TD|HomeReceiver=[[Brenen Thompson]]|HomeReceivingStats=4 receptions, 106 yards}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Kididdigar wasan a [https://stats.statbroadcast.com/broadcast/index.html?id=626257 statbroadcast.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260102205950/https://stats.statbroadcast.com/broadcast/index.html?id=626257 |date=2026-01-02 }} s0qvkred2prpxfwnuxnbqtpg8n60l86 0 162240 905346 887129 2026-08-21T00:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Georgios Bartzokas''' (madadin rubutun kalmomi: Giorgos, George, Mpartzokas) ( Greek An haife shi a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 1965) tsohon ɗan wasan [[Kwallon kwando|ƙwallon kwando]] ne na Girka, kuma a halin yanzu babban mai horar da ƙwallon kwando na Olympiacos na Gasar Kwando ta Girka (GBL) da EuroLeague . A lokacin aikinsa na babban koci, Bartzokas (wanda aka fi sani da " '''ɗan wasan Chess''' ") ya lashe kofuna da dama. Tare da ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, ya lashe gasar cin kofin zakarun duniya, yayin da ya lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA ta Intercontinental a shekarar 2013 . Ya kuma lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta farko, EuroLeague, a gasar karshe ta EuroLeague ta 2013, tare da Olympiacos, wata nasara da zai maimaita a 2026, tare da Olympiacos. An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na EuroLeague sau uku, yayin da ya lashe kyautar a shekarun 2013, 2022, da 2023 . == Sana'ar ƙuruciya da farkon rayuwa == An haifi Bartzokas a ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965, a [[Athens]], [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] . Tun yana ƙarami, ya fara buga wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] . A shekarar 1977, yana da shekaru 12, ya fara buga wasan ƙwallon kwando, tare da ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Girka Maroussi Athens . Ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar matasan Maroussi har zuwa 1981. == Sana'ar ƙwararru == Bayan ya shafe shekaru huɗu tare da ƙungiyoyin matasa na Maroussi Athens, Bartzokas ya shiga ƙungiyar manyan maza ta Maroussi a shekarar 1981, yana da shekaru 16. Bartzokas, {{Convert|2.00|m|ftin}} mai tsayi a gaba - tsakiya, ya fara buga wasansa na farko a matakin babban matsayi a gasar Girka ta 2nd Division (B), a lokacin kakar 1981-82. Bartzokas ya ci gaba da buga ƙwallon kwando a kulob tare da Maroussi Athens, a gasar rukuni na biyu na Girka (A2) da kuma gasar rukuni na uku na Girka (B), har zuwa 1992. A lokacin da yake aiki da ƙungiyar, shi ne babban ɗan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a ƙungiyar kuma kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar . Aikin Bartzokas ya ƙare yana da shekaru 27, bayan ya ji mummunan rauni a gwiwa a ƙafafunsa biyu. Da farko ya samu rauni a gwiwarsa ta dama sakamakon tsagewar ACL, sannan daga baya kuma ya samu rauni a gwiwarsa ta hagu sakamakon tsagewar ACL. Kafin raunin da ya samu a gwiwa, kungiyoyin Girka AEK Athens da Olympiacos Piraeus sun yi tunanin daukarsa. == Aikin koyarwa == === Aikin farko na horarwa === Bartzokas ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin kocin ƙwallon kwando a Girka a shekarar 1987, yana da shekaru 22, yayin da yake kuma taka leda a ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga aikinsa na wasa, Bartzokas ya fara aiki a matsayin babban koci a ƙungiyoyin Girka [[:el:Α.Ο. Πεύκης|kamar Pefki]], Vrilissia Basket, [[:el:Γ.Σ. Κηφισιάς|GS Kifissias]], da OFI Irakleio . Tare da Vrilissia Basket, ya sami matsayi biyu a gasar. Tare da Kifissias, ya sami ci gaba ɗaya a gasar. A shekara ta 2003, yayin da yake horar da Kifissias, Bartzokas ya kuma fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci a babban rukuni na Girka na farko, tare da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta wasa, Maroussi Athens . Bartzokas ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki tare da Maroussi, a ƙarƙashin kocin ƙungiyar a lokacin, Panagiotis Giannakis, daga kakar wasa ta 2002–03 zuwa kakar wasa ta 2005–06 . Tare da Maroussi, Bartzokas ya kasance wanda ya kai wasan ƙarshe a gasar FIBA ta Turai a kakar wasa ta 2003-04 . Ya kuma kasance wanda ya kai wasan karshe a kakar wasa ta Girka ta 2003–04, kuma ya kasance wanda ya kai wasan karshe a gasar Girka ta 2006 tare da Maroussi. === Olympia Larissa === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Bartzokas ya sanya hannu a matsayin babban kocin kulob din Olympia Larissa na Girka. A wannan kakar wasa da Olympia, ya sami damar kaiwa ga zagaye na gaba na gasar kwallon kwando ta Girka ta 2006–07 . Wannan shine karo na farko a tarihin ƙungiyar da ta shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar. Daga ƙarshe Olympia Larissa ta kare a matsayi na bakwai a gasar gabaɗaya. Sakamakon haka, an nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara ta 2007. Daga nan Bartzokas ya sake maimaita cancantar shiga gasar share fagen shiga gasar Girka tare da Olympia a shekara mai zuwa, a kakar wasa ta 2007-08 . === Maroussi Athens === A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Bartzokas ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Maroussi Athens ta Girka. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Bartzokas, Maroussi ya sami damar shiga cikin jerin manyan 'yan wasa 16 na kakar wasa ta 2009-10 ta EuroLeague . A gasar cikin gida ta Girka, Maroussi ya kare a matsayi na uku a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 ta gasar Girka . An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Gasar Girka mafi kyau a wannan kakar. === Panionios Athens === Bartzokas ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Panionios Athens ta Girka, kafin kakar wasa ta 2010-11. Panionios ya kammala kakar wasa ta 2010–11 a gasar Girka a matsayi na tara. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, karkashin jagorancin Bartzokas, Panionios ya kare a matsayi na uku a kakar wasa ta 2011–12 ta gasar Girka . Sakamakon haka, an nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara ta 2012. === Olympiacos Piraeus === Bartzokas ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar Olympiacos Piraeus ta Girka, a watan Yunin 2012, kafin kakar wasa ta 2012-13. Tare da Olympiacos, Bartzokas ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta kakar wasa ta 2012–13, a gasar karshe ta gasar EuroLeague ta London ta 2013, inda aka nada Vassilis Spanoulis na Olympiacos a matsayin zakaran gasar EuroLeague ta 2013. A cikin wannan tsari, Bartzokas ya zama kocin Girka na farko a tarihi da ya lashe gasar EuroLeague. Bayan lashe gasar EuroLeague, an nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na EuroLeague na 2013. Tare da Olympiacos, Bartzokas ya kuma sami nasarar lashe gasar cin kofin FIBA Intercontinental Cup, wanda shine gasar zakarun kungiyoyin duniya ta hukuma. Ya jagoranci Olympiacos zuwa ga lashe gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya a gasar cin kofin Intercontinental ta 2013, inda suka doke zakarun gasar FIBA Americas League ta 2013, ƙungiyar NBB ta Brazil Pinheiros, a cikin jimillar maki biyu, da maki 167-139. An nada Spanoulis na Olympiacos a matsayin gwarzon FIBA Intercontinental Cup na 2013. An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na Eurobasket News All-Europe a shekarar 2013. === Lokomotiv Kuban === A ranar 5 ga Yuli, 2015, Bartzokas ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru 2 da kulob din Rasha Lokomotiv Kuban na VTB United League da kuma EuroLeague . A gasar EuroLeague, ya horar da ƙungiyar zuwa wasanta na farko a gasar Final Four, yayin da suka cancanci shiga gasar EuroLeague Final Four ta 2016, bayan sun doke ƙungiyar FC Barcelona ta Spain, da ci 3-2, a gasar EuroLeague Playoffs ta 2016. An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na VTB United League, na kakar 2015-16 . === Barca === A ranar 8 ga Yuli, 2016, Bartzokas ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da ƙungiyar ACB ta Sipaniya FC Barcelona . Tare da Barça, Bartzokas ya lashe gasar Catalan League ta 2016. Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya da ƙungiyar, Barcelona ta rabu da shi. === Yankin Khimki na Moscow === A ranar 30 ga Yuni, 2017, Bartzokas ya koma gasar VTB United League, domin ya zama sabon kocin kulob din Khimki Moscow Region na Rasha. Ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu da kulob din. Tare da Khimki, Bartzokas ya lashe gasar Gomelsky Cup a shekarar 2017. A ranar 21 ga Janairun 2019, Bartzokas ya bar Khimki, bayan an soke kwangilarsa da kulob din. === Komawa zuwa Olympiacos === A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2020, Barzokas ya koma kulob din Girka na Olympiacos Piraeus, bayan ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekara daya da kungiyarsa ta farko. Kwantiragin da su. Bayan watanni biyu a matsayin babban kocin ƙungiyar, an soke kakar wasa ta 2019-20, saboda yanayin annobar COVID-19 . A kakar wasa ta 2020–21 da ta biyo baya, Bartzokas ya yi ƙoƙarin sake gina jerin 'yan wasan ƙungiyar, bayan da Kostas Sloukas ya koma ƙungiyar. Duk da haka, Olympiacos ba ta cancanci shiga zagayen neman gurbin shiga gasar EuroLeague ta kakar wasa ta 2020-21 ba. A kakar wasa ta 2021–22, Bartzokas ya lashe kofin Girka na 2022 tare da Olympiacos. Wannan ita ce gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta Girka ta farko da Bartzokas ya lashe. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Girka ta 2022 . A kakar wasa ta EuroLeague ta 2021–22, ya cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta Belgrade ta 2022, inda suka kare a matsayi na hudu. An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na EuroLeague na 2022. Bartzokas ya lashe gasar cin kofin Girka ta 2022 . Bayan haka, Bartzokas ya jagoranci Olympiacos zuwa lashe Kofin Girka na 2023, da kuma lashe Kofin Girka na 2023 . An nada shi a matsayin Kocin Gasar Girka ta Shekara ta 2023. Olympiacos ta kuma kai wasan karshe na gasar EuroLeague na 2023, inda daga karshe kungiyar Real Madrid ta Spain ta sha kashi da ci 79-78, a wasan karshe na gasar EuroLeague . An nada Bartzokas a matsayin Kocin Shekara na EuroLeague na 2023. Bartzokas ya kuma lashe gasar cin kofin Girka ta 2023 da kuma gasar cin kofin Girka ta 2024 . Daga ƙarshe ya lashe kofin EuroLeague na biyu tare da Olympiacos (kuma na 4 ga ƙungiyar gaba ɗaya) a 2026, inda ya doke Real Madrid kuma ya jagoranci Olympiacos zuwa gasar Girka ta 2026, gasar da ta kasance ta 16 a jimilla. == Bartzokas Ball == "Bartzokas Ball" kalma ce da aka amince da ita a duniya wadda EuroLeague Basketball da kanta ta kafa don bayyana falsafar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kocin Girka, Georgios Bartzokas. An aiwatar da wannan salon wasan da gagarumin nasara a Olympiacos kuma ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewar motsa ƙwallon da sauri, haɗin gwiwa mara son kai (ba da ƙwallon ba), da ƙirƙirar bugun buɗe ido ba tare da dogaro da ɗan wasa ɗaya ba. Ana haƙa 'yan wasa don kada su taɓa barin ƙwallon ta manne a hannunsu. Suna ci gaba da neman "ƙarin ƙwallo" - suna barin kyakkyawan bugun daga kai sai abokin wasa domin su sami cikakkiyar damar zura kwallo. Tsarin yana tilasta tsauraran tazara tsakanin bene. Ta hanyar mamaye kusurwoyi da fikafikai daidai, harin ya shimfiɗa tsaro zuwa iyakarsa. Wannan a lissafi yana haifar da babban kaso na bude ido mai maki uku da kuma hanyoyin tuki masu tsabta. Wannan harin na yau da kullun yana faruwa ne sakamakon wani kariyar da ke shakewa da kuma ta jiki da ke tsakanin rabin filin wasa. Bartzokas yana buƙatar matsin lamba daga manyan 'yan wasa da kuma juyawar 'yan wasan baya masu ladabi. Tilasta bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ko kuma bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida yana bawa ƙungiyar damar komawa hutun rabin lokaci nan take kafin 'yan wasan tsaron gida su fara wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-23 |title=Το αποθεωτικό βίντεο της Euroleague για το «Bartzokas ball» |url=https://www.skai.gr/news/sports/to-apotheotiko-vinteo-tis-euroleague-gia-to-bartzokas-ball |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=skai.gr}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Iyalan Bartzokas sun fito ne daga ƙauyen Girka na Kentriko, Arta . Mahaifinsa Andreas (1925–2015), memba ne na jam'iyyar siyasa ta KKE ta Girka, kuma fursuna ne na siyasa a shekarun 1950 da 1960. Bartzokas ya bayyana cewa yana alfahari da mahaifinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ΗΜΕΡΟΔΡΟΜΟΣ |date=2023-04-06 |title=Γ.Μπαρτζώκας: "Είμαι πολύ περήφανος για τον πατέρα μου, για το ότι πάλεψε για την ανθρωπότητα και τα πιστεύω του, για τον σοσιαλισμό" |url=https://www.imerodromos.gr/g-mpartzokas-eimai-polu-perhfanos-gia-ton-patera-mou-gia-to-oti-palepse-gia-thn-anthropothta-kai-ta-pisteuo-tou-gia-ton-sosialismo/ |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=Ημεροδρόμος |language=el}}</ref> Bartzokas ya auri mai zane Athena Triantafillou, wacce suke da 'ya mace ɗaya da ita. == Tarihin horarwa == {{Euroleague coach statistics legend}} === Gasar EuroLeague === {{Euroleague coach statistics start}} |- | align="left" |[[Maroussi B.C.|Maroussi]] | align="left" |[[2009–10 Euroleague|2009–10]] |16||6||10||{{Winning percentage|6|10}}|| align="center" |Eliminated in Top 16 stage |- | align="left" rowspan=3|[[Olympiacos B.C.|Olympiacos]] |- ! style="background:#FDE910;" | align="left" |[[2012–13 Euroleague|2012–13]] |31||22||9||{{Winning percentage|22|9}}|| align="center" |'''Won [[2013 Euroleague Final Four|EuroLeague Championship]]''' |- | align="left" |[[2013–14 Euroleague|2013–14]] |29||20||9||{{Winning percentage|20|9}}|| align="center" |Eliminated in quarterfinals |- | align="left" |[[PBC Lokomotiv Kuban|Lokomotiv Kuban]] | align="left" |[[2015–16 Euroleague|2015–16]] |31||21||10||{{Winning percentage|21|10}}|| align="center" |[[2016 Euroleague Final Four|Won in 3rd place game]] |- | align="left" |[[FC Barcelona Bàsquet|Barcelona]] | align="left" |[[2016–17 EuroLeague|2016–17]] |30||12||18||{{Winning percentage|12|18}}|| align="center" |Eliminated in the regular season |- | align="left" rowspan=2|[[BC Khimki|Khimki]] | align="left" |[[2017–18 EuroLeague|2017–18]] |34||17||17||{{Winning percentage|17|17}}|| align="center" |Eliminated in quarterfinals |- | align="left" |[[2018–19 EuroLeague|2018–19]] |19||7||12||{{Winning percentage|7|12}}|| align="center" |''Parted ways mid-season'' |- | align="left" rowspan=7|[[Olympiacos B.C.|Olympiacos]] | align="left" |[[2019–20 EuroLeague|2019–20]] |10||5||5||{{Winning percentage|5|5}}|| align="center" |''Season Cancelled'' |- | align="left" |[[2020–21 EuroLeague|2020–21]] |34||16||18||{{Winning percentage|16|18}}|| align="center" |Eliminated in Regular Season |- | align="left" |[[2021–22 EuroLeague|2021–22]] |35||22||13||{{Winning percentage|22|13}}|| align="center" |[[2022 EuroLeague Final Four|4th place]] |- | align="left" |[[2022–23 EuroLeague|2022–23]] |41||28||13||{{Winning percentage|28|13}}|| align="center" |[[2023 EuroLeague Final Four|2nd place]] |- | align="left" |[[2023–24 EuroLeague|2023–24]] |41||26||15||{{Winning percentage|26|15}}|| align="center" |[[2024 EuroLeague Final Four|Won in 3rd place game]] |- | align="left" |[[2024–25 EuroLeague|2024–25]] |40||28||12||{{Winning percentage|28|12}}|| align="center" |[[2025 EuroLeague Final Four|Won in 3rd place game]] |- ! style="background:#FDE910;" | align="left" | [[2025–26 EuroLeague|2025–26]] |43||31||12||{{Winning percentage|31|12}}|| align="center" |'''Won [[2026 EuroLeague Final Four|EuroLeague Championship]]''' |- class="sortbottom" | style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career||432||259||173||{{Winning percentage|259|173}}||&nbsp; |} == Lambobin yabo da nasarori == === A matsayin babban koci === === Lakabi da aka ci === * Zakaran EuroLeague 2×: 2013, 2026 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * Zakaran Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta FIBA : 2013 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * Zakaran Gasar Girka 4×: 2022, 2023, 2025, 2026 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * 3× Mai Lashe Kofin Girka : 2022, 2023, 2024 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * 4× Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * Gasar cin Kofin Gomelsky : 2017 (tare da yankin Khimki Moscow ) === Sauran girmamawa === * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta EuroLeague : 2023 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * 7× Shiga Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta EuroLeague : 2013, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) ; 2016 (tare da Lokomotiv Kuban ) * 2× VTB United League Final: 2018, 2019 (tare da yankin Khimki Moscow ) * 3× Gasar Cin Kofin Gasar Girka : 2013, 2014, 2024 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * 3× Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : 2013, 2025, 2026 (tare da Olympiacos Piraeus ) * Gasar Cin Kofin Super Cup ta Spain : 2016 (tare da FC Barcelona ) === Lambobin yabo da nasarorin da aka samu daga mutum ɗaya === * Kocin EuroLeague na Shekara 3: 2013, 2022, 2023 * Labaran Eurobasket Kocin Shekara na Duk Turai : 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=European Awards 2013 - Men Basketball |url=https://www.eurobasket.com/European-Awards/basketball_2013.aspx |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.eurobasket.com}}</ref> * Kocin Gasar Girka na Shekara 3×: 2010, 2023, 2026 === Bayanan tarihi === * Babban kocin da ya fi kowanne lashe kofuna a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus . * Babban kocin da ya fi samun nasara a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus, a gasar EuroLeague . * Babban kocin da ya fi kowanne dan wasa samun damar buga wasa a gasar EuroLeague Final Four a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus, a gasar EuroLeague . * Babban kocin da ya fi kowa fitowa a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus, a gasar EuroLeague . * Babban kocin da ya fi samun nasara a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus, a gasar Girka . * Babban kocin da ya fi kowa bugawa a tarihin Olympiacos Piraeus, a gasar Girka . === Sauran kyaututtuka a matsayin mataimakin koci === * Gasar Cin Kofin Zakarun Turai ta FIBA : 2004 (tare da Maroussi Athens ) * Gasar Cin Kofin Gasar Girka : 2004 (tare da Maroussi Athens ) * Gasar Cin Kofin Girka : 2006 (tare da Maroussi Athens ) == Duba kuma == * Jerin manyan masu horarwa da suka lashe gasar EuroLeague == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.acb.com/entrenador/temporada-a-temporada/id/20300915 Georgios Bartzokas] a acb.com {{In lang|es}} * [https://basketball.eurobasket.com/coach/Georgios-Bartzokas/16837 Georgios Bartzokas] a eurobasket.com * [https://www.euroleaguebasketball.net/en/euroleague/teams/olympiacos-piraeus/oly/bartzokas-georgios/?season=E2024 Georgios Bartzokas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260124051127/https://www.euroleaguebasketball.net/en/euroleague/teams/olympiacos-piraeus/oly/bartzokas-georgios/?season=E2024 |date=2026-01-24 }} a euroleague.net * [https://kapasports.agency/clients/giorgos-bartzokas/ Georgios Bartzokas] a kapasports [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 4mmntiv4sktjhwq0ev98vdo7h5uppjw 0 162680 905319 892451 2026-08-20T22:23:44Z Zahrah0 14848 905319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lindsey Caroline Vonn''' ( née Kildow / ˈkɪldaʊ / ; an haife shi a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba, na shaekara alif 1984) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athlete information: VONN Lindsey |url=http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331062034/http://www.fis-ski.com/uk/604/613.html?sector=AL&competitorid=30368&type=result |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=[[International Ski Federation|Fédération Internationale de Ski]]}}</ref> ɗan tseren kankara ne na Amurka. Ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau hudu(4) a jere, inda ta lashe kofuna a shekarar 2008 da 2009 da 2010, da kuma 2012. Vonn ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 2010, wacce ta fara lashe kyautar mace 'yar Amurka. Ta kuma lashe kofuna takwas na gasar cin kofin duniya a kakar wasa mai zuwa (daga 2008 da 2013 da 2015 harzuwa 2016), kofuna biyar a super-G (daga 2009 da 2012 harzuwa 2015), da kuma kofuna uku a jere a jimillar (daga 2010 harzuwa 2012). A shekarar 2016, ta lashe kambun gasar cin '''Lindsey Olin Graham''' {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|g|r|æ|m}} {{respell|GRAM}}}} (9 ga Yuli, 1955 harzuwa 11 ga Yuli, 2026) ɗan siyasa ne na Amurka, lauya, kuma jami'in soja wanda ya wakilci [[South Carolina]] a Majalisar Dattawan Amurka daga 2003 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 2026. A matsayinsa na memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], ya wakilci gundumar majalisa ta 3 ta South Carolina a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka daga 1995 zuwa 2003 kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta South Carolina daga 1993 zuwa 1995. An haife shi a Central, South Carolina, Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da makarantar lauya. Ya yi aiki a [[United States Air Force|rundunar sojin saman Amurka]] daga 1982 zuwa 1989 a matsayin memba na rundunar Alkali Advocate General, yana aiki a matsayin lauya mai kare kansa kuma babban mai gabatar da kara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai. Daga baya ya yi aiki a rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina da kuma rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka, inda ya yi ritaya a matsayin kanal a shekarar 2015. Ya sami lambar yabo ta Tauraron Tagulla a shekarar 2014 saboda aikinsa na shari'a da ya shafi ayyukan soji a Iraki da Afghanistan. An fara zaɓen Graham a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 1994, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin ƙasa baki ɗaya a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dokoki da kuma a matsayin manajan tsige shugaban Majalisar Dokoki a lokacin shari'ar tsige shugaban ƙasa Bill Clinton . An zaɓe shi zuwa Majalisar Dattawa a shekarar 2002 kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2008 da 2014 harzuwa 2020 . Ya lashe takarar Republican a karo na biyar a watan Yunin 2026 amma ya mutu kafin babban zaɓe. Gwamna Henry McMaster ya naɗa 'yar'uwar Graham, Darline Graham, don ta ci gaba da riƙe sauran wa'adin mulkin Graham na huɗu. A matsayinsa na jarumin yaƙi, Graham ya yi kira ga Amurka da ta shiga tsakani, kuma ya kasance fitaccen mai goyon bayan [[Isra'ila]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], da kuma [[NATO|Ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar Arewa ta Atlantika]] . Ya kan yi aiki tare da membobin jam'iyyun biyu, musamman kan harkokin shige da fice da kuma dokokin tsaron ƙasa, kuma yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da sanatoci [[John McCain]] da Joe Lieberman, waɗanda ya kafa wata ƙungiya da aka sani da "Amigos Uku". Graham ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shari'a na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2019 zuwa 2021 da kuma Kwamitin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisar Dattawa daga 2025 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ya kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da wadanda Shugaba [[Donald Trump]] ya zaba a matsayin alkalai. Graham ya nemi takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar Republican a shekarar 2016 amma ya janye kafin fara zaɓen fidda gwani. Da farko dai ya kasance mai suka ga Trump a lokacin yakin neman zaben Trump a shekarar 2016, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abokan Trump na majalisar dokoki kuma ya goyi bayansa a duk tsawon shugabancinsa. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lindsey Olin Graham a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1955, a Central, South Carolina, inda iyayensa, Florence James "FJ" Graham da Millie Graham (née Walters), suka gudanar da gidan cin abinci, mashaya, shagon sayar da giya, da kuma zauren wanka. Iyalin suna zaune a ɗakunan da ke bayan kasuwancin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAHAM, Lindsey O. |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712075334/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/G000359 |archive-date=July 12, 2026 |access-date=July 12, 2026 |website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Juana |date=June 28, 2015 |title=Presidential Aspiration Born From A Modest, And Tragic, Beginning |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214090633/https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/06/28/417837773/presidential-aspiration-born-from-a-modest-and-tragic-beginning |archive-date=February 14, 2022 |access-date=January 7, 2021 |publisher=[[NPR]] |language=en |quote=first lived in a room behind his family's business, the Sanitary Café ...}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hawes |first=Jennifer Berry |date=November 6, 2020 |title=An unlikely ascent Love, loss, loyalty, law shape his brand of retail politics Last in polls, last in debates. How long does he go on? |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/archives/an-unlikely-ascent-love-loss-loyalty-law-shape-his-brand-of-retail-politics-last-in/article_61319af6-babe-5a4a-a561-ac7b6795b021.html |url-access=limited |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[Post and Courier]] |language=en |quote=His dad, Florence James Graham...He and his wife Millie ran the bar...}}</ref> Iyalinsa 'yan asalin Scotland ne. Bayan kammala karatunsa a Makarantar Sakandare ta DW Daniel, Graham ya zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalansa da ya halarci kwaleji kuma ya shiga Rundunar Horar da Jami'an Reserve . Lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 20, mahaifiyarsa ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarar Hodgkin yana da shekara 50, kuma mahaifinsa ya mutu bayan watanni 15 sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] yana da shekara 68. Saboda 'yar uwarsa Darline, wacce a lokacin take da shekaru 13, ta zama marayu, hidimar ta ba Graham damar zuwa Jami'ar South Carolina da ke Columbia don ya ci gaba da zama kusa da gida a matsayin [[Mai kula da doka|mai kula da]] 'yar uwarsa. <ref name="Ball-2014">{{Cite web |last=Ball |first=Molly |author-link=Molly Ball |date=June 10, 2014 |title=How Lindsey Graham Stomped the Tea Party |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025415/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/how-lindsey-graham-stomped-the-tea-party/372521/?single_page=true |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=October 9, 2014 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> A lokacin karatunsa, ya zama memba na ƙungiyar zamantakewa ta Pi Kappa Phi . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Notable Pi Kapps |url=http://www.pikapp.org/content.aspx?id=484 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025420/https://pikapp.org/about/notable-pi-kappa-phis/ |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=pikapp.org}}</ref> Graham ya ce mutuwar iyayensa da wuri ta sa ya girma da sauri, kuma Darline, wacce ta gabatar da ɗan'uwanta a sanarwar da ya yi na takarar shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2016, ta ce tana fatan kasancewa tare da shi a lokacin yakin neman zaɓe akai-akai don nuna wa masu jefa ƙuri'a halinsa mai laushi. "Yana kama da ɗan'uwa, uba da uwa sun haɗu wuri ɗaya," in ji ta. "Ina yawan kallon Lindsey." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Self |first=Jamie |date=May 20, 2014 |title=Lindsey Graham's sister discusses childhood, losing parents in senator's new campaign ads |url=http://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025632/https://www.thestate.com/news/politics-government/politics-columns-blogs/the-buzz/article13855640.html |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=January 16, 2016 |website=[[The State (newspaper)|The State]]}}</ref> Graham ya kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar South Carolina da digirin farko a [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a shekarar 1977. Ya sami digirin Likitancin Juris ɗinsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina a shekarar 1981. == Aikin soja == [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|link=Fayil:Lt._Gen._Jack_Rives_pins_Col._Lindsey_Graham.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px|Laftanar Janar Jack L. Rives ya ba Kanar Lindsey Graham lambar yabo ta girmamawa, a watan Afrilun 2009]] Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar South Carolina, an nada Graham a matsayin jami'i a Rundunar Sojan [[United States Air Force|Sama ta Amurka]] (JAG Corps) a shekarar 1982 kuma ya fara aiki a wannan shekarar. Aikin soja ya fara ne a matsayin lauyan tsaron rundunar sojin sama. Ya kasance a sansanin sojojin sama na Shaw daga 1982 zuwa 1984. Daga baya aka mayar da shi sansanin sojin sama na Rhein-Main da ke [[Frankfurt]], [[Yammacin Jamus]], inda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai gabatar da ƙara na rundunar sojin sama a Turai daga 1984 zuwa 1988. A shekarar 1984, yayin da yake kare matukin jirgin saman rundunar sojin sama da ake zargi da amfani da wiwi, an nuna shi a wani shiri na ''60 Minutes'' wanda ya fallasa matsalolin da rundunar sojin saman ke fuskanta wajen gwajin miyagun kwayoyi. <ref name="BaltimoreSun-2004">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2004 |title=Plain talk from GOP senator |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/2004/05/11/plain-talk-from-gop-senator/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016190753/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2004-05-11/news/0405110360_1_lindsey-graham-graham-of-south-abuse |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=October 12, 2014 |website=[[The Baltimore Sun]]}}</ref> Bayan ya yi aiki a Turai, ya koma South Carolina, ya bar aiki a 1989 <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117025419/https://www.lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/biography |archive-date=November 17, 2020 |access-date=September 28, 2020 |website=lgraham.senate.gov |publisher=Office of Senator Lindsey Graham}}</ref> ya kuma shiga wani kamfanin lauyoyi na sirri a Walhalla tare da Larry Brandt. <ref name="Grove-1998" /> <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin lauyan gundumar Oconee daga 1988 zuwa 1992. A shekarar 1992, ya lashe shari'ar aikata laifuka ta hanyar lalata da lafiya ta dala miliyan 5, wanda ya ba shi {{US$|200000}} a matsayin rabon riba. Ya kasance lauyan birni na Central daga 1990 zuwa 1994. <ref name="Markoe-2002" /> Bayan ya bar rundunar sojin sama, Graham ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta South Carolina a shekarar 1989, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995, sannan ya shiga rundunar tsaron sama ta Amurka . <ref name="bio" /> A shekarar 1998, jaridar ''The'' Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". A shekarar 1998, jaridar The Hill ta yau da kullum ta Capitol Hill ta yi ikirarin cewa Graham yana bayyana kansa a shafin yanar gizon sa a matsayin tsohon soja na Operation Desert Shield da Desert Storm . Graham ya amsa: "Ban gaya wa kowa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. Ni ba jarumin yaƙi ba ne, kuma ban taɓa cewa ni mayaƙi ne ba. ... Idan na yi ƙarya game da tarihin aikin soja na, ban cancanci yin aiki a Majalisar Dokoki ba", ya ƙara da cewa "bai taɓa tura sojoji ba". === manazarta === <references /> duniya karo na 20, wanda shi ne babban tarihin da aka taba samu a tsakanin maza ko mata, inda ta zarce Ingemar Stenmark ' yar kasar Sweden, wacce ta lashe kambun duniya sau 19 daga shekarar 1975 zuwa 1984. Tana da matsayi na uku mafi girma a cikin dukkan masu wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara, maza ko mata. Vonn tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida da suka lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a dukkan fannoni biyar na wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan tsaunuka - ƙasa, super-G, babban tseren slalom, slalom, da super combined - kuma (ya zuwa ranar 22 ga Janairu, 2026) ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya sau 84 a cikin aikinta. Lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 2019, jimillar nasarorin da ta samu a gasar cin kofin duniya sau 82 sun kasance tarihin mata wanda ya tsaya har zuwa watan Janairun 2023, lokacin da Mikaela Shiffrin ta zarce ta. Shiffrin da Stenmark ne kawai suka fi Vonn samun nasara, inda Shiffrin ke riƙe da tarihin. Tare da lambobin zinare da tagulla da ta samu a gasar Olympics, lambobin zinare guda biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya a shekarar 2009 (da lambobin azurfa uku a shekarar 2007 da 2011 ), da kuma kofunan gasar cin kofin duniya guda hudu, Vonn tana daya daga cikin 'yan tseren kankara na Amurka mafi nasara, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan 'yan tseren kankara na tsaunuka masu tsayi a kowane lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodgetts |first=Rob |date=2019-02-19 |title=Lindsey Vonn: Mikaela Shiffrin 'in a league of her own' |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/sport/lindsey-vonn-mikaela-shiffrin-skiing-records-monaco-laureus-spt-inl |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=CNN |language=en |quote=She retired as the greatest female ski racer of all time, but Lindsey Vonn believes fellow American Mikaela Shiffrin is “in a league of her own” and will shatter all records as long as she stays healthy.}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Vonn ta sami kyautar Laureus World Sports Woman Year, <ref>{{Cite web |title=PAST WINNERS |url=https://www.laureus.com/world-sports-awards/past-winners |access-date= |website=Laureus Sport for Good Foundation}}</ref> kuma ita ce 'yar wasan da ta fi fice a gasar Olympics ta Amurka . Raunin da ya samu ya sa Vonn ya rasa wasu lokutan wasanni da dama, ciki har da kusan dukkan kakar wasa ta 2014 da kuma mafi yawan kakar wasa ta 2013 . Yayin da take murmurewa daga raunin da ta samu, ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a NBC News, inda ta yi rahoto kan wasannin Olympics na hunturu na 2014 a Sochi, Rasha. A shekarar 2019, ta sanar da yin ritaya, inda ta yi zargin raunin da ta samu. Vonn ya koma yin wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara a watan Nuwamba na 2024, kuma ya zama ɗan wasan tsere mafi tsufa da ya lashe gasar cin kofin duniya a lokacin da yake da shekaru 41. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lindsey Caroline Kildow a Saint Paul, Minnesota, kuma 'yar Linda Anne (ɗan Krohn) da Alan Lee Kildow ce. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn ancestry |url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214140007/http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/lindseyvonn.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2013 |access-date=March 18, 2013 |publisher=Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com}}</ref> Ta girma a yankin [[Minneapolis–Saint Paul|Twin Cities]] da ke Burnsville, Minnesota . Mahaifinta asalin ƙasar Ireland ne, mahaifiyarta kuma asalin Jamus da Norway ne. Kildow yana kan wasan tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara yana da shekaru biyu kafin ya koma cikin sanannen shirin ci gaban Erich Sailer a Buck Hill na Burnsville, wanda kuma ya samar da mai tseren tsere a kan dusar ƙanƙara Kristina Koznick . Mahaifinta, wanda ya lashe gasar matasa ta ƙasa kafin ya ji rauni a gwiwa yana da shekaru 18, ya "tura ta" da ƙarfi, a cewar Sailer. Lokacin da Kildow ke da shekaru 9, ta haɗu da mai tseren tsere na kankara mai lambar zinare ta Olympics Picabo Street, wanda take ɗaukarsa a matsayin gwarzonta kuma abin koyi. Taronsu ya burge mutane sosai a kan titin har ta tuna da taron kuma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kildow a fannin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Da take kallon Kildow a karon farko a wani taron 1999, Street ta yi mamakin yadda take bin layin faɗuwa, kuma an ambato ta tana cewa: "Da sauri ta yi, haka nan murmushin da take yi ya fi girma a fuskarta. Ba za ka iya koya wa wani ya so layin faɗuwa kamar yadda wannan ƙaramar yarinyar ta so layin faɗuwa ba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2018 |title=The bond between Lindsey Vonn and Picabo Street |url=https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615194501/https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/bond-between-lindsey-vonn-and-picabo-street |archive-date=June 15, 2018 |access-date=December 23, 2018 |website=nbcolympics.com}}</ref> Kildow ta yi tafiya zuwa Colorado don yin atisaye na tsawon shekaru da dama kafin iyalinta suka ƙaura zuwa Vail, Colorado a ƙarshen shekarun 1990. <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |title=Lindsey Vonn profile |url=http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100217204205/http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-alpine-skiing/athletes/lindsey-vonn_ath1024072PD.html |archive-date=February 17, 2010 |website=Vancouver2010.com |publisher=[[Vancouver Organizing Committee for the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games]]}}</ref> Kildow ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Missouri, wani shiri na yanar gizo ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nesa da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Silvey |first=Janese |date=February 18, 2010 |title=Vonn went to MU High School |url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404022333/http://www.columbiatribune.com/weblogs/campus-chatter/2010/feb/18/vonn-went-to-mu-high-school/ |archive-date=April 4, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2011 |publisher=Columbiatribune.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Last Run At Lindsey Vonn's MU Background |url=http://interact.stltoday.com/blogzone/winter-olympics/uncategorized/2010/02/a-last-run-at-lindsey-vonns-mu-background/ |access-date=February 8, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Tana jin Jamusanci sosai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lindsay Vonn Interview Deutsch im ZDF |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531125854/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gn_aLEP0oJo&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=May 31, 2020 |access-date=December 18, 2018 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Duk da cewa ba ta halarci [[jami'a]] ta gargajiya ta shekaru 4 ba, ta ci gaba da shiga cikin shirin "Kasuwancin Nishaɗi, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai, da Wasanni" na Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard na tsawon kwanaki huɗu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2021 |title=My rocky, muddy, super-competitive 24 hours with Olympic legend Lindsey Vonn |url=https://www.espn.com/olympics/story/_/id/32349702/my-rocky-muddy-super-competitive-24-hours-olympic-legend-lindsey-vonn |access-date=October 19, 2021 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref> == Aikin yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara == === Shekarun farko === Kakanta, Don Kildow, ta koya wa Lindsey Kildow yin wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara a Milton, Wisconsin . Ta fara wasan tsalle-tsalle a kan dusar ƙanƙara tun tana ƙarama a Burnsville, Minnesota, a Buck Hill, kuma ta hanyar hutun iyali wanda ya haɗa da tuƙi na awanni 16 daga Minnesota zuwa Vail, Colorado . A wata hira da ''jaridar The New York Times'', Vonn daga baya ya ce, "Zan kasance a baya a ƙarƙashin jakar barci, kuma ita (mahaifiyarta, Linda) za ta tuƙi ta rera waƙa tare da wani [[Kaset din redio|faifan]] Eric Clapton ." <ref name="nyt">{{Cite web |last=Pennington |first=Bill |date=February 3, 2010 |title=Lindsey Vonn at the Summit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/magazine/07Vonn-t.html |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarun 1990, Kildow da 'yan'uwanta da mahaifiyarta sun daina tafiya daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado, maimakon haka suka ƙaura zuwa Colorado don yin wasan tsalle-tsalle a Ski Club Vail kawai. A shekararta ta farko a SCV a Vail, Kildow da ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sun yi tsalle-tsalle tare a cikin ƙungiyar SCV ta "navity corps". A wannan kakar wasa ta farko ne ita da iyalinta suka fara tunanin ko ya kamata dukkan iyalai su ƙaura daga Minnesota zuwa Colorado. Daga baya ta ce, "Vail abin birgewa ne a gare ni, amma na rasa duk abubuwan gargajiya na yarinta - barci, rawa a makaranta, yin abokai ta hanyar gargajiya." A tsakiyar kakar wasa ta biyu, 'yan uwanta suma sun ƙaura zuwa Vail. "Yanzu duk 'yan'uwana maza da mata sun bar min abokansu. Wannan abin damuwa ne a gare su. Na ji laifi sosai." [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] ==Manazarta== 0gzjceh60e3rv0l43rjf1johc05ob18 0 162824 905036 891932 2026-08-20T12:43:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Druine D.60 Condor''' jirgin sama ne mai sauƙi wanda Roger Druine ya tsara a Faransa a cikin shekarun 1950. Babban burin Druine shine tsara jirgin sama mai horarwa don aikin mai son.<ref name="History">{{Cite web |title=Rollason&#124;condor |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm |access-date=2026-08-06 |archive-date=2013-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518110722/http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/history.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi Condor da yawa a Burtaniya ta hanyar Rollason Aircraft & Engines . == Tarihi == Jirgin Condor F-WBIX na farko ya fara tashi a shekarar 1956. Condor wani juyin halitta ne na Druine Turbi, amma ya ƙunshi fasalin jirgin da aka gyara sosai wanda ya ba matukin jirgin da malamin damar zama tare a ƙarƙashin rufin da aka rufe. Norman Jones, wanda ya kafa Tiger Club kuma mai mallakar Rollason Aircraft & Engines, ya riga ya sami wasu Druine Turbulents da kamfaninsa suka gina kuma ya kai ga ra'ayin bunkasa Condor don bukatun jirgin kulob din.<ref name="History"/> Tare da gyare-gyare da yawa ga ƙirar, Rollason Aircraft da Engines sun gudanar da jerin samarwa a Filin jirgin saman Croydon daga 1961 a matsayin '''Rollason Condor''' . Kamar yadda Croydon ya rufe don tashi a 1959, an kai dukkan jiragen sama zuwa Redhill, inda aka sake tara su kuma aka gwada su.<ref name="History" /> Norman Jones yana da sha'awar ci gaban Flying Clubs don haka ya sanya Condors a kan sharuddan rance masu kyau. Don jaddada gaskiyar cewa kamfaninsa gaba ɗaya ne mai zaman kansa kuma ba a ba da tallafi ba, Norman Jones ya zana a kan jirgin sama ɗaya labarin "British Made - Private Enterprise and No Taxpayers Money".<ref name="History"/> A shekarar 1973, Rollasons ta dakatar da duk wani aikin jiragen sama a Croydon sannan ta koma Shoreham inda aka kammala Condor guda ɗaya. An sayar da wasu jiragen sama marasa kammalawa don a iya kammala su a matsayin jiragen da aka gina da son rai; ɗaya daga cikinsu shine G-BADM, wanda aka yi wa rijista da Rollasons a shekarar 1972 sannan wani mai son ya kammala a shekarar 1994..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Untitled Document |url=http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/histories/badm.htm |access-date=2026-08-06 |archive-date=2008-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518054632/http://www.rollason-condor.co.uk/histories/badm.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Borea a Faransa kuma ta samar da D.61 Condor. == Bambance-bambance == ; D.60 : Misalin Druine tare da 65 hp CNA D.4&nbsp; ; D.61 : Bambancin samar da Druine tare da 65 hp Continental A65&nbsp;Yankin A65 ; D.62 : Druine ko Rollason bambancin tare da 75 hp Continental A75 - 1 wanda Rollason ya gina, daga baya an inganta shi zuwa 90 hp Continental C90 <ref name="History"/>&nbsp;&nbsp; ; D.62A : Bambancin Rollason tare da 100 hp Continental O-200-A - 2 da aka gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; ; D.62B : Bambancin Rollason daga 1964 tare da gajeren fuselage da flaps 4 - 41 an kammala; wasu daga baya sun canza zuwa ma'auni na D.62C <ref name="Jackson548" /> ; D.62C. : Bambancin Rollason tare da 130 hp Continental O-240-A don jan jirgin sama - 4 an gina <ref name="Jackson548" />&nbsp; == Bayani na musamman (D.62B) == [[Fayil:Condor_Cockpit_small.jpg|right|thumb|Condor Cockpit]] {{Aircraft specs|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1966–67<ref name="jawa66 p167">{{harvnb|Taylor|1966|p=167}}</ref>|prime units?=met <!-- General characteristics -->|genhide=|crew=1|capacity=1 passenger|length m=6.86|length ft=|length in=|span m=8.38|span ft=|span in=|height m=|height ft=2.36|height in=|wing area sqm=11.13|wing area sqft=|airfoil=|aspect ratio=6.3:1|empty weight kg=417|empty weight lb=|max takeoff weight kg=670|gross weight lb=|fuel capacity={{convert|73|L|USgal impgal|abbr=on}} <!-- Powerplant -->|eng1 number=1|eng1 name=[[Continental O-200|Rolls-Royce Continental 0-200A]]|eng1 type=air-cooled [[flat-four]] engine|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->|eng1 hp=100<!-- prop engines -->|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop name=Airscrew-Weyroc fixed-pitch propeller|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft --> <!-- Performance -->|perfhide=|max speed kmh=204|max speed mph=|max speed kts=|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->|cruise speed kmh=172|cruise speed mph=|cruise speed note=(econ cruise)|stall speed kmh=74|never exceed speed kmh=272|range km=560|range miles=|range nmi=|ceiling m=3650|ceiling ft=|climb rate ms=|climb rate ftmin=610|more performance=*'''Takeoff distance to 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|177|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass) *'''Landing distance from 15 m (50 ft):''' {{convert|137|m|ft|abbr=on}} (on grass)|avionics=}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} === Bayanan littattafai ===   a1p9liexiomeehdz2kv57blstw0p6iy 0 162827 905304 895729 2026-08-20T21:46:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Franco Parisi''' (an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Mayu 1983) manajan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar Ostiraliya kuma tsohon ɗan wasa. <ref name="soccerway">{{Soccerway|493481}}</ref> A yanzu haka shi ne Babban Kocin kulob din NPL NSW APIA Leichhardt . An dauke shi a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasa a kulob, Parisi ya buga wasanni sama da 300 a lokacin da yake ɗan wasa a APIA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stavroulakis |first=Mark |date=6 April 2020 |title=Maestro Parisi challenged by COVID-19 heartbreak |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2020/04/06/maestro-parisi-challenged-by-covid-19-heartbreak/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Aikin ƙuruciya === Tun tana ƙarama, Parisi ta yi wasa da APIA Leichhardt tun daga shekarar 1994 kuma ta fara sha'awar ƙungiyar tun tana ƙarama. A shekara ta 2000, Parisi ta buga wasa da AIS kafin Sydney Olympics ta sanya hannu. === Gasar Olympics ta Sydney === Parisi ya fara buga wa manyan 'yan wasa wasa a gasar Olympics ta Sydney, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Canberra Cosmos . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2000 |title=2000 National Soccer League results |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/NSL/20002001/Round10.html |publisher=OzFootball}}</ref> Bayan ya shafe shekara guda tare da SC Telstar, Parisi ta koma gasar Olympics a kakar wasa ta 2002-03. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2002 |title=Clubs want to go it alone, with a little help |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/clubs-want-to-go-it-alone-with-a-little-help-20020912-gdfmjr.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2002 |title=Angry D'Avray feels pain as window closes |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/angry-davray-feels-pain-as-window-closes-20020914-gdfmsy.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Duk da wasu matsaloli na rashin kyau da rauni, Parisi ya sami salon wasansa kuma ya kammala kakar wasa da kyau, wanda ya taimaka wa gasar Olympics ta lashe gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2003 |title=Bullish Sharks prove they're too good to fall in a heap |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/bullish-sharks-prove-theyre-too-good-to-fall-in-a-heap-20030203-gdg7lc.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2003 |title=Hungry Sharks show appetite for goal and title |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/hungry-sharks-show-appetite-for-goal-and-title-20030301-gdgcqh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya bar ƙungiyar ya koma ƙungiyar abokan hamayyarsa ta gida Sydney United. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2003 |title=Short-handed United conjure up enough tricks to trump distracted Kingz |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/short-handed-united-conjure-up-enough-tricks-to-trump-distracted-kingz-20030929-gdhhc9.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Sydney United === Parisi ta buga wa Sydney United wasa a kakar wasan ƙarshe ta gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa . United ta sha wahala wajen samun kwallon duk da cewa Parisi ta yi wa kungiyarsa damammaki da dama na zura kwallo a raga, kuma ta kasa karya matsalar rashin zura kwallo a raga a farkon kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 October 2003 |title=Sydney United scoreless again |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/sydney-united-scoreless-again-20031026-gdhnwh.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya zura kwallo daya tilo da ya ci a gasar a wasan da suka doke Brisbane Strikers da ci 3-0, wanda hakan ya sa ya lashe bugun fenariti ga kungiyarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2003 |title=United rediscover lost art of putting the ball in the net |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/united-rediscover-lost-art-of-putting-the-ball-in-the-net-20031110-gdhr2o.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> === Jirgin saman Newcastle === Parisi ta shiga Newcastle Jets don buga wasa a sabuwar ƙungiyar A-League . Parisi ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Perth Glory da ci 4-1, <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2005 |title=Mori-bund Jets can't handle dean of NSL |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/mori-bund-jets-cant-handle-dean-of-nsl-20051009-gdm7wv.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> kuma ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan F3 Derby inda ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa kungiyar nasara a minti na 88, inda ya taimaka wa kungiyarsa ta lashe 1-0 a cikakken lokaci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Jets' most memorable F3 Derby victories |url=https://www.newcastlejetsfc.com.au/news/jets-most-memorable-f3-derby-victories |website=KEEPUP |publisher=Newcastle Jets}}</ref> === Mawakan New Zealand === Parisi ta buga wasa na ɗan lokaci ga [[New Zealand Knights FC|ƙungiyar New Zealand Knights]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2006 |title=Soccer: Knights sign Parisi – Sport News |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/soccer-knights-sign-parisi/XDZFEJJRSSUZQFSD2LPYPFCKEY/ |publisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |language=en-NZ |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311025819/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/soccer-knights-sign-parisi/XDZFEJJRSSUZQFSD2LPYPFCKEY/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wasansa kawai da zai buga wa ƙungiyar zai kasance ne da tsohuwar ƙungiyarsa ta Newcastle inda ya buga mintuna 14 kacal a wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle Jets vs New Zealand Knights. Round 4, 2005–06 |url=https://www.ultimatealeague.com/match/?match_id=31 |publisher=Ultimate A-League |language=en}}</ref> === APIA Leichhardt === A shekara ta 2007, Parisi ta koma APIA Leichhardt bayan ta sha wahala wajen samun lokacin wasa. Bayan shekaru uku inda ƙungiyar ta kammala a rabin ƙasa na gasar, ƙungiyar Parisi ta samu ci gaba a kakar wasa ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2010 |title=Franco Parisi strike keeps Tigers roaring |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/07/18/franco-parisi-strike-keeps-tigers-roaring/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311045126/https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/07/18/franco-parisi-strike-keeps-tigers-roaring/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yana taimaka wa APIA ta kai ga zagayen ƙarshe, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta yi nasara a kan Marconi a matakin farko kafin Sydney United ta fitar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2010 |title=Parisi magic separates both sides in a thriller |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/08/parisi-magic-separates-both-sides-in-a-thriller/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311051131/https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/08/parisi-magic-separates-both-sides-in-a-thriller/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2010 |title=Sydney United ends APIA's dream run |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/15/sydney-united-ends-a-p-i-as-dream-run/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311111425/https://footballnsw.com.au/2010/08/15/sydney-united-ends-a-p-i-as-dream-run/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Yuli, 2013, Franco Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da APIA ta samu a gasar Waratah Cup, wadda ta kasance nasarar farko a gasar cin kofin cikin gida cikin shekaru 21. An zaɓe shi gwarzon ɗan wasa saboda rawar da ya taka, wanda ya haɗa da zura kwallo a raga da kuma taimakawa wasu biyu wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai su ga nasara. [1] [2] Wannan kuma ya sa suka zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyar NSW ta farko da ta buga sabon Kofin FFA . A lokacin kakar wasa ta 2015, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa tawagarsa ta yi kunnen doki 4-4 da Blacktown Spartans a zagaye na karshe, inda ta ba da gudummawa ga kwallaye biyu da aka ci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2015 |title=Eight goal thriller at Lambert Park in final round |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/08/16/eight-goal-thriller-at-lambert-park-in-final-round/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=11 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311053409/https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/08/16/eight-goal-thriller-at-lambert-park-in-final-round/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sakamakon rawar da ya taka a duk tsawon kakar wasa, an karrama Parisi da kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasa na shekara a ranar 10 ga Satumba, 2015, inda ya samu ƙuri'u 13 a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2015 |title=Winners galore at NPL Gala Dinner |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/09/11/winners-galore-at-npl-gala-dinner/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=12 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212053921/https://footballnsw.com.au/2015/09/11/winners-galore-at-npl-gala-dinner/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Agusta 2017, Parisi ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da lashe gasar Premier, yayin da kungiyarsa ta samu nasara a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Manly United . Wannan nasarar ta kawo ƙarshen rashin nasarar lashe gasar zakarun Turai na tsawon shekaru 30, kuma gudunmawar Parisi tana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga nasarar ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned 2017 Premiers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/08/16/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-2017-premiers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2017 |title=APIA Leichhardt end 30-year wait! |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/apia-leichhardt-end-30-year-wait-470757 |publisher=FTBL |access-date=6 August 2026 |archive-date=10 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250410083747/https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/apia-leichhardt-end-30-year-wait-470757 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwarewar da APIA ta samu a gasar ta sa ta samu gurbi a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda Parisi ta buga wasa mai kyau da ci 5-0 a kan Rockdale City . Duk da haka, sun rasa kofin zakarun Turai, domin Manly United ta sha kashi a wasan karshe bayan da ta sha kashi da ci 4-3 a bugun fenariti a gaban taron jama'a 3500. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2017 |title=Grand Final awaits red-hot APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/13/grand-final-awaits-red-hot-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=Manly United crowned Champions |url=https://footballnsw.com.au/2017/09/14/manly-united-crowned-champions/ |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Agusta 2018, an yaba wa Parisi saboda rawar da ya taka a wasan inda ya fara a cikin tawagar da ta yi nasara a kan Melbourne Victory da ci 3-2 a gasar cin kofin FFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2018 |title=Tigers stalwart Parisi hails FFA Cup heroes after stunning Victory |url=https://www.myfootball.com.au/news/tigers-stalwart-parisi-hails-ffa-cup-heroes-after-stunning-victory |publisher=MyFootball}}</ref> A lokacin wata hira da aka yi da shi bayan wasan, Parisi ta yi magana da kwarin gwiwa game da ingancin tawagar, inda ta ambaci zurfin ƙungiyar da kuma baiwar da take da ita a matsayin dalilan da suka sa ta samu nasara a wani mataki mafi girma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2022 |title=Parisi: Our whole team could play A-League |url=https://www.ftbl.com.au/news/parisi-our-whole-team-could-play-a-league-500664 |publisher=FTBL }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2018, Parisi ta sake fitowa a gasar Grand Final, inda ta fafata da tsohuwar kungiyarsa, Sydney Olympic . APIA na Parisi ya ƙare da rashin nasara da ci 3-1, wanda hakan ya sa suka zama na biyu a jere a shekara ta biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2018 |title=APIA Legend Franco Parisi ready for battle on Sunday |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/09/03/apia-legend-francos-parisi-ready-for-battle-on-sunday/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> Duk da haka, Parisi ya sami damar ɗaga kofin Waratah na biyu ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa ga nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 July 2018 |title=APIA Leichhardt Tigers crowned TAFE NSW Waratah Cup Champions |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2018/07/14/apia-leichhardt-tigers-crowned-tafe-nsw-waratah-cup-champions/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2019, Parisi ya nuna inganci da gogewarsa ta hanyar jagorantar ƙungiyarsa zuwa nasara 5-1 akan Rockdale da kuma nasara 3-0 akan Hakoah. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2019 |title=Parisi brilliance shines once again as Tigers defeat Hakoah |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/30/parisi-brilliance-shines-once-again-as-tigers-defeat-hakoah/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2019 |title=Parisi magic eclipses hapless Suns |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/23/parisi-magic-eclipses-hapless-suns/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2019 |title="Too easy" Parisi keeping up his legendary status at APIA |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/06/26/too-easy-parisi-keeping-up-his-legendary-status-at-apia/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2019, Parisi, a wasansa na uku na Grand Final, ta lashe gasar APIA ta hanyar doke Sydney United da ci 2-1 bayan karin lokaci, wanda ya kawo karshen rashin nasarar da kungiyar ta samu a gasar tsawon shekaru 16. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2019 |title=Championship finally comes home to APIA Leichhardt Tigers |url=https://mens.nplnsw.com.au/2019/09/01/championship-finally-comes-home-to-apia-leichhardt-tigers/ |website=NPL NSW Men's |publisher=Football NSW |language=en-AU}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba 2021, Parisi tana cikin tawagar da ta doke Wanderers 2-1 a gasar cin kofin FFA ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2021 |title=APIA Leichhardt FC vs Western Sydney Wanderers, Australia Cup, Round of 16, 7th Dec 2021 |url=https://www.australiacup.com.au/match/apia-leichhardt-fc-v-western-sydney-wanderers-australia-cup-08-12-2021/2259165#!/match-report |publisher=Australia Cup |language=en}}</ref> A kakar wasansa ta ƙarshe a matsayin ɗan wasa, Parisi ya buga wasanni 25 a ƙungiyarsa, waɗanda suka kare a matsayi na biyar a gasar kuma suka kai ga zagayen ƙarshe. Bayan sun doke Marconi a matakin farko, Blacktown City ta kawar da ƙungiyar Parisi. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara kiran Parisi cikin tawagar ' yan kasa da shekara 20 ta Australia a shekarar 2001. Ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 20 wasa a wasan da suka fafata da Japan a minti na 46. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Young Socceroos 2001 Matches |url=http://www.ozfootball.net/ark/U20/2001.html |publisher=Ozfootball}}</ref> An zaɓi Parisi don ta buga wasa a gasar cin kofin matasa ta OFC ta 2002, amma ta ji rauni kafin a fara gasar rukuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2002 |title=McDonald leads Young Socceroos |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/mcdonald-leads-young-socceroos-20021207-gdfxeg.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> Bayan ya murmure, ya buga wasanni biyu na wasan ƙarshe da Fiji, inda ya zura kwallaye a kowanne wasa kuma ya taimaka wa Australia ta sami gurbi a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2002 |title=Young Socceroos thump Fiji |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/young-socceroos-thump-fiji-20021224-gdg0f2.html |publisher=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2003, an ƙara shi cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ta Australiya don gasar FIFA World Youth Championship ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2003 |title=Young Socceroos named for World Youth Champs |url=https://www.oceaniafootball.com/archives-9717/ |publisher=Oceania Football Confederation}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == An naɗa Parisi a matsayin Babban Kocin APIA bayan kakar wasa ta 2022, tare da abokin wasansa kuma fitaccen ɗan wasan ƙungiyar David D'Apuzzo wanda zai zama Mataimakin Koci. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2022 |title=CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT, 1ST GRADE MEN'S HEAD COACH. APIA is delighted to announce Franco Parisi will be our Men's 1st Grade coach this season. |url=https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=5619587488109174 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== fr90qzx6k4f0kgsn6otp3ypb36g18ko 0 162919 905144 893161 2026-08-20T17:12:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Enzo Vito Gabriel Crivelli''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1995) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Faransa wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . Crivelli ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Bordeaux a shekarar 2014, kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 50 a ƙungiyar tsawon shekaru biyu da rabi masu zuwa. A watan Agustan 2016, ya koma Bastia a matsayin aro na tsawon kakar wasa, kafin ya sanya hannu na dindindin a Angers a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan ya yi wasa a Caen, Crivelli ya koma ƙungiyar İstanbul Başakşehir ta Turkiyya, inda aka kuma tura shi aro zuwa [[Antalyaspor]] da Saint-Étienne . A shekarar 2022, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zuwa Servette a Switzerland. Shi ma tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma shi ne ɗan wasan da ya fi zura ƙwallo a Gasar Toulon ta 2015 inda Faransa ta lashe gasar zakarun Turai. == Aikin kulob == === Bordeaux === ==== Farkon aikina ==== An haife shi a [[Rouen]], Crivelli ya ci gaba ta hanyar makarantar koyon aikin likitanci ta Cannes, kafin ya koma Bordeaux a shekarar 2012. A kakar wasansa ta farko a kulob din, ya taimaka wa kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 19 ta yi nasara a gasar Coupe Gambardella ta 2013. <ref name="FFW" /> Daga nan ya fara buga gasar [[Ligue 1]] a ranar 26 ga Janairun 2014 da Saint-Étienne, inda ya maye gurbin [[Abdou Traoré (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, an haife shi a shekara ta 1988)|Abdou Traoré]] bayan mintuna 83 a wasan da suka ci gida 2-0. Bayan watanni biyu, ya sake bayyana a wasan gida da Nice . Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Bordeaux a watan Mayun 2015. Kwanaki kaɗan bayan sanya hannu kan kwantiragin, ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a gasar ga ''Les Girondins'' a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Lyon . ==== kakar 2015–16 ==== Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar. Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba. Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1. A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1. Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. Crivelli ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Europa League ga Bordeaux a ranar 27 ga Agusta 2015, a wasan da suka sha kashi 2-1 a hannun Kairat . Yajin aiki ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci, domin ya bai wa Bordeaux damar zura kwallo a raga, wanda hakan ya taimaka musu su kai matakin rukuni na gasar. Ya bi sahun jarumtarsa ta gasar Europa League ta hanyar zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2015-16 ta Ligue 1 a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Toulouse a ranar 20 ga Satumba. Kwana uku bayan haka, a fafatawar da suka yi da Nice, ya sanya Jaroslav Plašil ya zura kwallon farko, kafin a kore shi a minti na 50. Bordeaux ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 6-1. A watan Nuwamba, Crivelli ya ƙara kwallaye biyu a ragarsa, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da Rennes, kafin ya ci kwallo ta ƙarshe a wasan da Caen ta sha kashi da ci 4-1. Kwallo da Crivelli ya ci wa Caen ita ce kwallon ƙarshe da ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana, domin bai samu damar zura kwallo a rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ba, wanda daga ƙarshe ya ƙare da dawowar kwallaye 3 a wasanni 29 da ya buga a gasar. ==== Lokacin 2016-17: Lamuni ga Bastia ==== A ranar 3 ga Agusta 2016, Bordeaux ta sanar a lokaci guda cewa Crivelli ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da kulob din na tsawon shekara guda kuma zai yi kakar wasa mai zuwa a matsayin aro a kungiyar Bastia ta Ligue 1. Ya fara buga wasa a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta 2016, a wasan da suka sha kashi da ci 1-0 a hannun zakarun Ligue 1 [[Paris Saint-Germain]] . Crivelli ya zura kwallayensa na farko a kungiyar a mako mai zuwa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Lorient da ci 3-0. Ya kuma rasa bugun fenariti a lokacin wasan. A ranar 24 ga Satumba, Crivelli ya zura kwallo daya tilo a wasan da suka doke Guingamp da ci 1-0. Bayan mintuna uku, an kore shi daga fili saboda laifin da aka yi masa na biyu, kuma sakamakon haka, Kwamitin Ladabtarwa na LFP ya dakatar da shi na wasanni hudu. Ya ƙare kakar wasa da kwallaye 10 a wasanni 24, duk da cewa dawowarsa bai isa ya hana Bastia komawa gasar Ligue 2 ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scott |first=Andrew |date=20 May 2017 |title=Marseille in Europe, Bastia Down |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/marseille-in-europe-bastia-down.htm |access-date=20 May 2017 |website=Ligue 1}}</ref> === Fushi === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2017, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru huɗu tare da ƙungiyar [[Ligue 1]] ta Angers . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2017 |title=Le SCO d'Angers recrute Enzo Crivelli pour quatre ans |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Le-sco-d-angers-recrute-enzo-crivelli-pour-quatre-ans/813984 |access-date=5 July 2017 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> Ya ci kwallo a wasansa na farko a kulob din a ranar 12 ga Agusta, inda ya ci kwallo a wasan da suka doke Amiens da ci 2-0 a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2017 |title=Les Verts enchaînent, Bordeaux se lance |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Les-verts-enchainent-bordeaux-se-lance/825303 |access-date=12 August 2017 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}</ref> === Caen === A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2018, an ba da aro ga Crivelli ga Caen har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa tare da zaɓin siye bisa ga rayuwar Caen a Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2018 |title=Transferts : Enzo Crivelli (Angers) prêté à Caen |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-enzo-crivelli-angers-prete-a-caen/871721 |access-date=31 January 2018 |website=[[L'Equipe]]}}{{In lang|fr}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2018, Caen ta kunna zaɓin siyan kan kusan Yuro miliyan 3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2018 |title=Crivelli définitivement transféré à Caen |url=http://sport24.lefigaro.fr/football/transferts/fil-info/crivelli-definitivement-transfere-a-caen-officiel-912605 |access-date=9 June 2018 |website=sport24.lefigaro.fr}}{{In lang|fr}}</ref> === İstanbul Başakşehir === A ranar 27 ga Yulin 2019, Crivelli ya koma kulob din Turkiyya na İstanbul Başakşehir . A ranar 31 ga Janairun 2022, Crivelli ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar aro da Saint-Étienne, ƙungiyar Ligue 1, har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa. An haɗa da zaɓin siyayya a cikin yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2022 |title=Enzo Crivelli s'engage avec l'ASSE ! |trans-title=Enzo Crivelli signs for ASSE! |url=https://www.asse.fr/fr/actualites/enzo-crivelli-s-engage-avec-l-asse--ac31697 |publisher=[[AS Saint-Étienne]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A watan Yunin 2015, Crivelli ya shiga gasar, kuma ya yi nasara a gasar Toulon tare da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa da shekaru 20 ta Faransa . Ya zira kwallaye huɗu a lokacin gasar kuma an zaɓe shi a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye, tare da ɗan wasan Morocco [[Asharaf Bencharki|Achraf Bencharki]] . == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Crivelli a Faransa, ga mahaifin Pied-Noir ɗan ƙasar Aljeriya, kuma asalinsa ɗan asalin Italiya ne da Aljeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=rabah |first=Farid Kada |title=Enzo Crivelli parle de ses origines Algériennes &#124; DZBallon L'actu du football Algérien |url=http://dzballon.com/2020/03/15/enzo-crivelli-parle-de-ses-origines-algeriennes/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Enzo Crivelli, chi è l'attaccante dal nome italiano del Başakşehir |url=https://www.direttanews.it/2019/11/28/enzo-crivelli-chi-e/}}</ref> == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Updated|match played 29 March 2025}}<ref name="SW">{{Soccerway|enzo-crivelli/309689}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[Turkish Cup]], [[Swiss Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Bordeaux B |2013–14 | rowspan="3" |CFA |17 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |3 |- |2014–15 |12 |3 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |3 |- |2015–16 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !30 !6 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !30 !6 |- | rowspan="4" |Bordeaux |2013–14 | rowspan="3" |[[Ligue 1]] |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |2014–15 |11 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |1 |- |2015–16 |29 |3 |2 |2 |2 |0 |8{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]|name=UEL}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |41 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !42 !4 !4 !2 !2 !0 !8 !1 ! colspan="2" |— !56 !7 |- |Bastia (loan) |2016–17 |Ligue 1 |24 |10 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |24 |10 |- |Angers |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |15 |1 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |1 |- |Caen (loan) |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |11 |2 |3 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |14 |2 |- |Caen |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |33 |6 |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |35 |6 |- | rowspan="4" |İstanbul Başakşehir |2019–20 | rowspan="3" |[[Süper Lig]] |30 |11 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |11{{Efn|Two appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], nine appearances and three goals in UEFA Europa League}} |3 | colspan="2" |— |44 |14 |- |2020–21 |36 |2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League|name=UCL}} |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Turkish Super Cup]]|name=TSC}} |0 |44 |2 |- |2022–23 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !67 !13 !6 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !18 !3 !1 !0 !92 !16 |- |[[Antalyaspor]] (loan) |2021–22 |Süper Lig |12 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|name=TSC}} |0 |14 |0 |- |Saint-Étienne (loan) |2021–22 |Ligue 1 |4 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[Ligue 1 relegation/promotion play-offs]]}} |0 |6 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |Servette |2022–23 | rowspan="3" |Swiss Super League |19 |4 |3 |3 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |22 |7 |- |2023–24 |28 |8 |3 |2 | colspan="2" |— |11{{Efn|Three appearances in UEFA Champions League, four appearances and one goal in UEFA Europa League, four appearances in UEFA Europa Conference League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |42 |11 |- |2024–25 |26 |8 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |4{{Efn|Two appearances in UEFA Europa League, two appearances and one goal in UEFA Conference League}} |1 | colspan="2" |— |30 |9 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !74 !20 !6 !5 ! colspan="2" |— !15 !2 ! colspan="2" |— !94 !27 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !311 !62 !21 !7 !5 !0 !41 !6 !4 !0 !382 !75 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''İstanbul Başakşehir''' * [[Süper Lig|Gasar Super League]] : 2019–20 <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2020 |title=Istanbul's Medipol Başakşehir wins first ever Turkish Süper Lig title |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/football/istanbuls-medipol-basaksehir-wins-first-ever-turkish-super-lig-title |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=Daily Sabah}}</ref> '''Servet''' * Kofin Switzerland : 2023–24 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Schweizer Cup Final |url=https://www.schweizercup.ch/schweizer-cup/Spiele-und-Statistik/Spiele-und-Resultate.aspx/oid-1/s-2024/cp-4647/cr-109/tg-3984720/ |access-date=26 September 2024 |website=Schweizer Cup |language=German }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> '''<nowiki/>'Yan ƙasa da shekara 20 na Faransa''' * Gasar Toulon : 2015 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Wanda Ya Fi Kowa Cin Kwallaye a Gasar Toulon : 2015 == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (in French) * Enzo Crivelli at the French Football Federation (archived) (in French) * Enzo Crivelli – French league stats at LFP – also available in French (archived) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] lspz7w5fwk8se9wbh8pf0vw7u3v898r 0 162957 905112 893523 2026-08-20T16:24:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elvira Bach''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951) wata mai zane ce 'yar Jamus [[Postmodernism|mai ra'ayin zamani]] wadda aka san ta da kyawawan hotunan mata. <ref name="LLC1987">{{Cite journal |last=New York Media, LLC |date=23 March 1987 |title=New York Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-QCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA72 |journal=New York |publisher=New York Media, LLC |page=72 |issn=0028-7369 |access-date=18 October 2011}}</ref> Mamba ce a ƙungiyar fasaha ta Junge Wilde, tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Berlin. <ref name="Giessen" /> Ita ce uwar 'ya'ya biyu, ciki har da ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando Maodo Lô . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hermsmeier |first=Lukas |date=2015-03-16 |title=Berliner Basketballer in den USA: Maodo Lo, der gefragte Kleptomane |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/sport/berliner-basketballer-in-den-usa-maodo-lo-der-gefragte-kleptomane/11470890.html |access-date=2015-04-08 |website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Elvira Bach a ranar 22 ga Yuni 1951 a Neuenhain a Hesse, [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Ta girma tare da tagwayen 'yar uwarta Ingrid a wani yanki na karkara. === Rayuwa da ilimi === Daga shekarar 1967 zuwa 1970, Bach ya yi karatu a makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta Erwin-Stein-Schule (makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta jiha) da ke Hadamar . Bayan haka, ta koma Berlin ta kuma yi karatun zane-zane daga 1972 zuwa 1979 a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin tare da "Junge Wilde" ko "Neue Wilde" masu taken Rainer Fetting da Salomé . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach Kunst online kaufen – art box berlin |url=https://www.artboxberlin.com/kuenstler/elvira-bach.html#page=1 |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=artboxberlin.com |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205519/https://www.artboxberlin.com/kuenstler/elvira-bach.html#page=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin karatunta, ta yi aiki a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Schaubühne da ke Berlin. <ref name="Elvira Bach – Biography">{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach – Biography |url=https://rogallery.com/Bach_Elvira/bach-biography.htm |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=rogallery.com}}</ref> A shekarar 1981, wani tallafin karatu ya jagoranci Elvira Bach zuwa Jamhuriyar Dominican don yin karatu a matsayin "mai zane a wurin zama", kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta a can sun ba ta kwarin gwiwa sosai. A wannan shekarar, an gayyace ta ta shiga cikin " Documenta VII ". Wannan shine nasarar da ta samu wanda ya kai ga nune-nunen zane-zane na ƙasa da ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje. <ref name="Elvira Bach – Biography" /> == Tarin abubuwa da nune-nunen == * 1978: Metzgerei <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ELVIRA BACH |url=https://www.karlundfaber.de/en/product-category/artist/elvira-bach-en/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Karl&Faber |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330190803/https://www.karlundfaber.de/en/product-category/artist/elvira-bach-en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 1979: zane-zanen baho, SO 36, Berlin <ref name=":0" /> * 1982: takardun tarihi 7, Kassel <ref name=":0" /> * 1988: Zane Mai Gyaran Gado - Hoton Jamusanci 1969–1988, Gidan Tarihi na Guggenheim, New York * 1990/1991: Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim da Kunsthalle Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven da Neue Galerie Graz * 1999: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz Berlin * 2001: Gidan Tarihi na Jihar Bavarian a Asbach Abbey * 2002: Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche, Osnabrück * 2004: Kunstverein Salzgitter * 2006: Kronacher Kunstverein e. V., a kan kagara Rosenberg * 2006: Gidan a kan Lützowplatz, Berlin * 2007: Hotunan Nuha, Augsburg * 2009: Stadtgalerie Bad Soden im Taunus; ''Tasirin 'yan Afirka'', Frauenmuseum Bonn * 2010: Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Turai (NRW), Gidan Tarihi na Nörvenich, kusa da Cologne * 2011: Galerie Jaeschke, Brunswick * 2012: Gallery Anne Moerchen, Hamburg * 2013: Hotunan Art350, Istanbul * 2013: Gidan Tarihi na Tarihi, Limburg an der Lahn * 2015: Gidan kayan tarihi na Art na zamani - Diether Kunerth, Ottobeuren * Yanzu haka: MoMA a New York, Vancouver Art Gallery, da kuma Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha a Augsburg <ref name=":0" /> == Salo == Hotunan mata na Bach masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun yi kama da jigogin rayuwarta, kuma da yawa daga cikin ayyukanta sun yi kama da mai zane. Sau da yawa tana nuna hotunan mata masu launuka iri-iri waɗanda ke wakiltar fannoni da yawa na rayuwar mace, daga rauni zuwa sha'awa zuwa ga son kai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elvira Bach |url=https://www.artcadia-gallery.com/artist/artist-a-e/elvira-bach/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Artcadia Gallery Store |language=de-DE |archive-date=2019-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181427/https://www.artcadia-gallery.com/artist/artist-a-e/elvira-bach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukan Bach na farkon shekarun 1980 galibi suna nuna ra'ayin kansu ne kuma suna mai da hankali kan kansu ( ''Dare Owl'', ''Sophisticated Lady'', ''Always Me'' ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-19 |title=Exhibition: Elvira Bach – Frühe Werke 1979-1990 – 68projects {{!}} ART@Berlin |url=https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-elvira-bach-fruehe-werke-1979-1990-68projects-artberlin/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=ART at Berlin {{!}} Contemporary Art {{!}} Ausstellungen {{!}} Galerien {{!}} Museen {{!}} Galerieführer {{!}} Kunst {{!}} Map |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da haka, bayan aurenta da haihuwar 'ya'yanta maza biyu, fasaharta ta zama mafi wakilcin sabon yanayin gidanta na sirri da kuma rayuwar gida. Duk da cewa Elvira Bach ta fi mayar da hankali kan zane-zane, tana kuma aiki a kan sassaka na tagulla, yumbu da kuma sassaka gilashin Murano . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] ldiz7i8klzxhms6nvkarx43zokkuvvs 0 163053 905354 894317 2026-08-21T03:36:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gisela Weimann''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1943) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta Jamus wacce ke zaune kuma tana aiki a [[Berlin]] . Dabaru na aikinta sun haɗa da [[Painting|zane]], yin bugu, [[Photography|ɗaukar hoto]], sassaka da [[fim]] zuwa zane-zane da fasaha a wuraren jama'a . Ta kuma rubuta kuma ta buga littattafai da kasidu da dama game da ayyukanta, haɗin gwiwar fasaha da kuma batutuwan tarihin fasaha. Ayyukanta galibi suna mai da hankali kan jigogi na siyasa - musamman [[Feminism|na mata]] - da kuma alaƙar fasaha da batutuwan [[siyasa]] da zamantakewa. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Weimann a shekarar 1943 a Bad Blankenburg, Gabashin Jamus a tsakiyar [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . A shekarar 1946-47, iyalin sun gudu zuwa yankin [[Osnabrück]], [[Yammacin Jamus]] . Ta girma ne a lokacin tarihin Jamus da ta bayyana a matsayin "mai halin halaka, korar mutane da kuma rasa asalinsu." <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2011 |title=Gisela Weimann |url=https://2visual4arts.wordpress.com/the-performances/outsider-9/ |access-date=2016-03-23}}</ref> A shekarar 1965 bayan kammala karatun firamare a makarantun fasaha da ke Münster da [[Bremen]], da kuma horon sana'a a matsayin wakilin harsunan waje, Weimann ta yi karatun [[Painting|zane-zane]] ta hannun Alexander Camaro a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1971 a matsayin ɗalibi na babban aji . Tare da taimakon [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|tallafin karatu na DAAD]], ta ci gaba da karatunta a fannin zane-zane kyauta da daukar hoto na gwaji a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke [[Landan]] (Takardar Shaidar Karatu ta Gajere). Daga 1972 zuwa 1976 ta kasance [[Malamin Jami'a|malamar koyar]] da zane-zane kyauta a tsohuwar Kwalejin Zane ta Medway Rochester, Kent, da Kwalejin Zane da Zane ta Gloucestershire, Cheltenham . A shekarar 1978-79 ta sami wani tallafin karatu ( Airlift da Fulbright Program ) don yin karatun [[fim]] da [[Photography|daukar hoto]] a Cibiyar Fasaha ta San Francisco, [[San Francisco]] / Amurka ( Bachelor of Arts ). Weimann ya zauna a Amurka kuma ya zauna kuma ya yi aiki a Tepoztlán, [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]] na tsawon shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=biography on giselaweimann.de |url=http://www.giselaweimann.de/2020/Illustrated-English-biography_2020.pdf |access-date=2021-02-11 |website= |language=en-EN}}</ref> == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Gisela_Weimann,_"Fall",_London_1972.jpg|thumb| Gisela Weimann, "Fall", London 1972.]] [[Fayil:Gisela_Weimann,_"Porträt",_London_1971.jpg|thumb| Gisela Weimann, "Porträt", London 1971.]] Daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 1993 ta jagoranci Gidan Tarihi na Galerie Lebendiges (Gidan Tarihi na Rayuwa) da ke Berlin-Wedding tare da haɗin gwiwar Schering Art Society. A shekarar 1991 Majalisar Dattawan Al'adu ta Berlin ta ba ta tallafin karatu na zama a [[Istanbul]] (Turkiyya). A shekara mai zuwa, ta sami tallafin shirya fina-finai daga Shirin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Berlin, sannan a shekarar 1994 ta sami tallafin bugawa daga Gidauniyar Käthe Dorsch da ke Berlin. Tsakanin 1996 da 2004, Weimann ya kasance malami mai baƙo [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|na DAAD]] a cikin Sashen Fine Arts na Jami'o'in Salamanca da [[Madrid]] (Spain), Cluj-Napoca (Romania) da Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico City]] . A shekarar 1997 ta sami tallafi daga Villa Aurora da ke [[Los Angeles]] da kuma a shekarar 2000 ta sami tallafin ayyuka na "Opera for 4 Buses" daga Kulturfonds da Berlin Capital Culture Fund. A shekara ta 2002 an ba ta kyautar girmamawa ta Masu Sukar Fasahar Kayayyaki, kuma a shekara ta 2011, 2012 da 2013 ta sami tallafin samarwa daga Centre d'Art Contemporain d'Essaouira da ke Ifitry ( [[Moroko|Morocco]] ). Sauran tallafin karatu na zama na baya-bayan nan sun fito ne daga Kunstverein Frankfurt-Oder ( [[Jamus]] ) a shekarar 2009 da kuma Gidauniyar Emily Harvey da ke [[Venezia|Venice]] ( [[Italiya]] ) a shekarar 2009 da 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Grant Recipient Details - Villa Aurora (en) |url=http://www.villa-aurora.org/en/grant-recipient-details/grant/263-gisela-weimann.html |access-date=2016-03-23 |website=www.villa-aurora.org |language=German |archive-date=2016-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325170355/http://www.villa-aurora.org/en/grant-recipient-details/grant/263-gisela-weimann.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga lokacin, tana zaune da aiki a [[Berlin]] . An nuna ayyukan Weimann a duk faɗin duniya; nunin da ta yi sun haɗa da shigar da sauti da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na multimedia. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: "Une mer, deux rivages" MAC. A, [[Asilah]] ( [[Moroko|Maroko]] ) (2014–15); "Inuwa ta tsaya", nunin solo, gidan fasaha na Brno (Jamhuriyar Czech) (2014); "Fara Kwanan Ƙarshen Nan Yanzu", nunin solo, Kunsthalle Brennabor, Brandenburg an der Havel (2013); "Duniya a cikin Harshe", Casablanca Biennale (Morocco) (2012); "Memorias", Palacio de la Mosquera, Arenas de San Pedro (Spain) (2011); "La Notte Blu", Teatro Fondamenta Nuove, Venice (Italiya) da galerie futura, Berlin (2010); "Winds Ballet I / Aurora", Bikin Kewayawa Jiki, St. Petersburg (Rasha) da "Espacios Mediterraneos" Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca (Spain) (2008); "Matsalolin Transatlantic", Gidan kayan tarihi na Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin (2005); da kuma "Opera don Motocin Bas 4" Gidan Tarihi na Berlin (2001). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Werke und Performances |url=http://www.giselaweimann.de/ausstellungen14.html |access-date=2016-03-23 |website=www.giselaweimann.de |language=German}}</ref> == Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe == * ''Werkwechsel I'', GEDOK, 1989,{{ISBN|3-927551-10-4}} * ''Von Asien nach Europa'', 1995 * ''Reflexionen / Tunani'' dt. /Ingilishi. , VDG Weimar, 2002,{{ISBN|3-897393-02-6}} * ''Makarantar Shanu: Jagororin Azuzuwa'' a cikin '':'' n.paradoxa international feminist art journal, juzu'i na 15, Janairu 2005, shafi na 1.&nbsp;13–17 * ''Geteilte Zeit: Fragen und Antworten'', VDG Weimar, 2007,{{ISBN|3-897395-66-5}} * ''La Notte Blu'' a cikin: n.paradoxa mujallar fasahar mata ta duniya, jul 24, jul 2009, shafi.&nbsp;45–48 == Karɓar girmamawa mai mahimmanci == Lokacin da aka ba Weimann kyautar Masu Sukar Zane-zane, wadda aka ba kyautar Dr. Stefanie Endlich ta ce game da mai zane: "Akwai manyan zare guda biyu a cikin ayyukan rayuwar Gisela Weimann: littattafan tarihin rayuwarta, waɗanda aka tsara su ta hanyar gani da kuma ta hanyar labarai kuma waɗanda ke bayyana ci gaba da tunani game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin siyasa, al'umma da gogewar kai. Duk zaren suna ƙayyade takamaiman nau'in nassoshin fasaha. Dukansu sun haɗa da gwagwarmayarta ta tunani mai maimaitawa tare da rashin ƙarfin fasaha a kan yaƙi da tashin hankali. A lokacin bayar da wannan kyautar, alkalan suna son jaddada cewa gwagwarmayar Gisela Weimann ba ta tsufa ba amma tana da mahimmanci kamar koyaushe a duniyar yau." <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Gisela Weimann, Critics' Prize 2002 for Visual Art, Text of the Laudatio by Professor Dr. Stefanie Endlich |url=http://www.giselaweimann.de/pdf/GiselaWeimann_Laudatio_CriticsPrize.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] 8oxbr4dkie0zqbg9e6kxso7hwezb9w6 0 163070 905094 894507 2026-08-20T15:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Elisabeth Easther (an haife ta a shekara ta 1970) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta New Zealand, mai watsa shirye-shirye, 'yar jarida, marubuciya, kuma marubuciya. Ta buga Carla Crozier a wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na New Zealand Shortland Street daga Mayu 1995 zuwa Yuli 1996, kuma tun daga lokacin tana da aiki daban-daban a talabijin, rediyo, aikin jarida da rubuce-rubuce. Wasanta Seed ya lashe Kyautar Adam NZ Play Award for Best Play a shekarar 2014. A cikin 2026 ta wallafa wani labari mai suna iri ɗaya wanda aka daidaita daga wasan. == Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi da iyali == An haifi Easther a Hamilton a shekara ta 1970. Ita ce 'yar Shirley Maddock, mace ta farko da ta fara gabatar da talabijin a New Zealand kuma mai watsa shirye-shirye, da mijinta Michael Easther, babban likita.<ref name="NZOS Shirley">{{Cite web |title=Shirley Maddock – Biography |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/profile/shirley-maddock/biography |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=NZ On Screen – Iwi Whitiāhua}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Diocesan ta Waikato don 'yan mata.<ref name="Mather" /> Easther da farko ya shirya yin karatun shari'a a jami'a, amma ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Victoria ta Wellington tare da digiri na farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da fim. Daga baya ta halarci makarantar wasan kwaikwayo Kai Whakaari kuma ta kammala a 1992 tare da difloma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo.<ref name="NZOS">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Easther |url=https://www.nzonscreen.com/profile/elisabeth-easther |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=NZ On Screen – Iwi Whitiāhua}}</ref><ref name="GCM">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Easther |url=https://gcm.co.nz/artists/elisabeth-easther |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=Gail Cowan Management Ltd}}</ref> Tana da ɗa guda. == Ayyukan talabijin da rediyo == Matsayin farko na Easther ya kasance a cikin 1994 a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na dinosaur da ake kira Victoria a cikin shirin talabijin na yara na Australia ''Johnson da Abokai'' . <ref name="NZOS"/><ref name="GCM"/> Easther ta taka rawar Carla Crozier a wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na New Zealand Shortland Street, daga Mayu 1995 zuwa Yuli 1996. <ref name="NZOS"/> Halin ya kasance sananne ne saboda kasancewa mai kisan kai na farko, kuma an nuna shi a daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a kowane lokaci, wanda aka watsa a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1995 kuma kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan mutanen New Zealand ne ke kallon shi. <ref name="murders">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Carla murders Bernie during the quake |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/tv2_minisite_story_skin/429367?format=html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014095705/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/tv2_minisite_story_skin/429367?format=html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |website=[[Shortland Street]] |publisher=[[Television New Zealand]]}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, Easther ya koma Shortland Street don buga Crozier (yanzu Dr Carla Summerfield) a kan kwangila na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ta ci gaba da yin aiki a talabijin da kuma tallace-tallace, gami da taka rawar goyon bayan Fran a cikin wasan kwaikwayon Outrageous Fortune a cikin jerin 3 da 4, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Outrageous Fortune: cast |url=http://australiantelevision.net/newzealand/outrageous_fortune/cast.html |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=Australian Television Information Archive}}</ref> kuma ta bayyana a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Funny Girls a cikin 2016. Tun daga watan Maris na shekara ta 2008 ta kasance mai karɓar bakuncin yau da kullun a cikin shirin rediyo na mako-mako The Week That Was tare da ɗan'uwan rediyo Te Radar don Rediyon New Zealand . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tags: Elisabeth Easther |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/tags/Elisabeth%20Easther |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=[[Radio New Zealand]]}}</ref> Easther ya kuma yi aiki na murya don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Power Rangers Jungle Fury da tallace-tallace don cakulan Whittaker da Sky TV. <ref name="NZOS"/> Ita ce mai zane-zane na murya don halin The Maven a cikin sabuntawa ga wasan bidiyo Path of Exile da aka saki a watan Janairun 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2021 |title=Echoes of the Atlas Lore: Creating The Maven |url=https://www.pathofexile.com/forum/view-thread/3031121/page/1#p23823241 |access-date=1 February 2021 |website=Path of Exile |publisher=Grinding Gear Games}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Easther ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin sakewa na Islands in the Gulf, jerin shirye-shiryen farko na New Zealand, wanda mahaifiyarta ta samar kuma ta shirya a 1964. Easther ta ziyarci tsibirai a cikin Hauraki Gulf wanda mahaifiyarta ta ziyarta kuma ta sake yin hira da wadanda suka tsira. Mai bita Greg Bruce, a rubuce a cikin The New Zealand Herald, ya bayyana shi a matsayin "godiya mai ƙauna ga asali", da kuma "tafiyar talabijin ta Kiwi da aka saita a cikin wani yanki mai tsada na yanayin ruwa na Auckland". == Ayyukan rubuce-rubuce == Easther ya rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo da yawa, ciki har da ''Raw'' da Salt . <ref name="Playmarket">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Easther |url=https://www.playmarket.org.nz/playwrights/elisabeth-easther/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=Playmarket}}</ref> Wasanta Famous Flora, game da mai tsara tufafi da mai gidan karuwai Flora MacKenzie, an shirya shi ne a wurin nishaɗin manya na Auckland White House a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014. Binciken New Zealand Herald ya yaba da kirkirar Easther na "jikin Flora guda biyu", duka a matsayin tsohuwar "mace mai zaman kanta mai cikakken fahimta game da yanayin ɗan adam", da kuma ƙaramar kanta "a matsayin matashiyar ɗan kasuwa wacce ta rungumi 'yancin matsayin jinsi kuma an shafe ta cikin ruhun rayuwa-don-lokacin yaƙi na shekaru". Wasan Easther mai suna Seed, game da abubuwan da mata huɗu suka samu na ciki, sun lashe Kyautar Adam NZ Play don Mafi Kyawun Wasanni a cikin 2014, da kuma Mafi Kyawun Mawallafin Wasanni na Mata. Alƙalai sun bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa sosai, mai ban dariya da ƙwarewa". An fara shi ne a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Basement a Auckland a watan Yunin 2014, kuma daga baya aka yi shi a gidan wasan Circa a [[Wellington]] daga 17 ga Janairu zuwa 14 ga Fabrairu 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seed |url=https://www.circa.co.nz/package/seed/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=Circa Theatre }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ''Jaridar New Zealand Herald'' ta bayyana Seed a matsayin "mai zurfi, mai basira da kuma tunani na zamani game da hanyoyin haifuwa marasa lokaci". A watan Yulin 2018, wani shiri ya zagaya New Zealand a matsayin wani ɓangare na taron Arts On Tour NZ, ciki har da wasan kwaikwayo a Auckland, a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na BATS a Wellington, a gidan gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Isaac Royal a Christchurch da kuma a wasu gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na yanki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Production Information: Seed |url=https://www.theatreview.org.nz/reviews/production.php?id=6360 |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=Theatreview}}</ref> A cikin 2026, Easther ta buga littafinta na farko, Seed, bisa ga wasan. Ya bayyana a kan labaran littattafan New Zealand mafi kyawun kaya a cikin makon farko na bugawa. Wani bita a cikin The ''Spinoff'' ya yi sharhi cewa Easther "yana da kyakkyawar fahimta game da duniyar da ke kewaye da ita, kuma ya fahimci abubuwan ban dariya na rayuwa a cikin al'umma inda ake hukunta mata ba tare da la'akari da irin zaɓin da suke yi game da jikinsu ba"; ya kammala cewa littafin "ya cika da jin daɗi da zuciya".<ref name="Ripe" /> Easther ta rubuta da yawa a matsayin ɗan jarida ga The New Zealand Herald tun daga shekara ta 2012, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Easther |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/author/elisabeth-easther/ |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=[[The New Zealand Herald]]}}</ref> da kuma mai sukar littafi a rediyo da bugawa tun daga shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bird Words by Elisabeth Easth |url=https://www.womensbookshop.co.nz/p/anthologies-essays-bird-words |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101020513/https://www.womensbookshop.co.nz/p/anthologies-essays-bird-words |archive-date=1 November 2020 |website=The Women's Bookshop}}</ref> Ta shirya wani tarihin almara, wanda ba almara ba da kuma shayari game da tsuntsayen New Zealand da ake kira Bird Words, wanda aka buga a shekarar 2017. Littafin ya ƙunshi marubutan NZ kamar Denis Glover, Hone Tuwhare, Janet Frame da mahaifiyar Easther, Shirley Maddock . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2017 |title=Bird Words - from Standing Room Only |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/standing-room-only/audio/201861610/bird-words |access-date=12 November 2020 |website=[[Radio New Zealand]]}}</ref> == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [[IMDb]].com/name/nm0247606/" id="mwAnE" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Elisabeth Easther a kan IMDb * Sake ziyartar Tsibirin Gulf, hira da Easther, ranar 23 ga Fabrairu 2018 * Michelle Hewitson hira: Elisabeth Easther, hira da Easther game da wasan kwaikwayonta Famous Flora, kwanan wata 8 Nuwamba 2014 {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hv5v5cc2lw267h9z2yo7ngp9j899eng 0 163207 905150 895452 2026-08-20T18:07:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eva Janina Wieczorek''' (an haifi 23 Mayu 1951) a Katowice a [[Poland]]. Ita [[Zane-zane na gani|mai zane ce ta gani]]. Ita mai zane ce daga ƙasar Poland zuwa Jamus, mai zane-zane kuma mai sassaka. Ita mai zane ce wadda aka nuna ayyukanta a farashi, wallafe-wallafe, tarin abubuwa da kuma nune-nunen a Jamus, Burtaniya, Croatia, Poland da Belgium. Aikinku yana da alaƙa da aiwatar da haske da inuwa mai ƙarfi da kuma magance batutuwan da ke faruwa a duniyarmu. Yawancin ayyukansu an danganta su da ainihin gaskiya da kuma surrealism. Tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Brühl, [[Jamus]]. == Tarihin Rayuwa == A ƙasar Poland ta kammala aikin koyon aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin fasaha. Lokacin da take ƙarama, tana sha'awar [[Painting|zane]], kuma kawunta, wanda mai zane ne, ya haɗa ta da zane-zane masu kyau. Mai zane ya yi karatun fasaha kyauta a fannin zane tare da Farfesa Roman Kalarus a Kwalejin Fasaha ta ASP da ke Katowice [[Poland]] . Tana fara amfani da fenti mai launin ruwa da fenti mai acrylic yanzu tana aiki da fenti mai a kan zane da zane-zanen dijital. == Zane-zanen dijital == Tun daga shekarar 2010, mawakin ya koma ga zane-zanen dijital, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga ayyukan dijital na David Hockney. Ko da a baya, ta yi sha'awar yiwuwar ƙirƙirar hotuna ta amfani da manhajar zane-zane. Wannan littafin ya ba da haske na musamman game da iyawar Eva Janina Wieczorek a matsayin mai zane da zane a fannin fasahar zamani. Aikinta ya ƙunshi neman sabbin hanyoyin bayyana abubuwa akai-akai, da kuma gwaji kan yadda ake nuna mata da yara. Ana iya ganin irin sha'awar da take da ita game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane da kuma sha'awar salon zamani a cikin hotuna da dama, ciki har da na shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa kamar Michael Jackson, Marilyn Monroe, da Whitney Houston. Bugu da ƙari, ta ƙirƙiri shimfidar wurare da hotunan ƙarƙashin ruwa, gami da ayyukan da aka yi wa lakabi da "Abgetaucht 1 da 2", "Botschaft" da "Schwimmbad". Da farko, ta ƙirƙiri ayyukanta ne ta hanyar amfani da samfura ko zane-zane a kan allo. A zamanin yau, ayyukanta suna fitowa ne kawai daga hotunan tunani, waɗanda aka tsara su zuwa jerin jigogi masu launuka, wanda ya haifar da ayyuka sama da ɗari. == Nune - Nune == * 2005 Brühl [[Jamus]], "Wintertraum", Rathausgalerie, Nunin Single * 2007 Brühl Jamus, "Architektonische Aussichten", Orangerie Schloss Augustusburg, Nunin Single * 2008 Katowice Poland, "Woda, podróż i sen", Silesian Museum Katowice Poland, Single Nunin * 2009 Meisterschwanden [[Switzerland|Swiss]], Kunst Portal International * 2010 Brussels [[Beljik|Belgium]], Hotunan Zamani na Fasaha Croissant, Studio dvo * 2010 Punat [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], Gallery Tos, Nunin Guda ɗaya * 2011 [[Landan|London]], Burtaniya, Taron Fasaha na Parallax, La Galleria Pall Mall, Royal Opera Arcade, * 2011 Marl, [[Jamus]], Marler Kunststern 2011, * 2014 Marl, Jamus, Marler Kunststern 2014, * 2015 Brühl Jamus, "Schattenimpressionen", Rathausgalerie, Nunin Single * 2015 Brühl Jamus, "Saboda Ni yarinya ce", Rathausgalerie * 2016: Aikin fasaha na zamani, PAN Museum Niederrhein, Emmerich * 2017: Brühl Jamus, "Mafarki da Gaskiya", Rathausgalerie, Emmerich * 2017: Fitaccen Mawakin Shekara ta 2017, [https://www.airleben.de/de/galairie-2017.html Internetgalerie], Airleben.de * 2019: Buɗe ɗakin studio daga ranar Eva Janina Wieczorek a Brühl * 2021: Buɗe ɗakin studio daga ranar Eva Janina Wieczorek a Brühl * 2023: Buɗe Studio daga ranar Eva Janina Wieczorek a Brühl == Shahararrun Ayyuka == * Aleppo, 2016, acrylic a kan zane, 40x60 cm * Wurin Hutu, 2006, mai a kan zane, 50x60 cm, a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Silesian da ke Katowice * Shiru, 2006, acrylic a kan zane, 100x80 cm, a cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Silesian da ke Katowice * Itacen Zaitun, 2009, mai a kan zane, 50x60 cm, a cikin Tarin Birnin Brühl == Zane-zane a hannun jama'a == * [http://www.scenografia-polska.pl/index.php?zbior=&autor=217&czy_3d=&w_zbiorze=&zbiory=1&zatwierdz=Szukaj Gidan Tarihi na Silesian, Katowice (Poland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308231532/http://www.scenografia-polska.pl/index.php?zbior=&autor=217&czy_3d=&w_zbiorze=&zbiory=1&zatwierdz=Szukaj |date=2018-03-08 }} ) * Brühl ( Rhineland ], Jamus == Adabi == * [http://kvk.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-last&lang=de&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-head-de-2010-11-08.html&header=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-header-de-2010-11-08.html&spacer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-spacer-de-2010-11-08.html&footer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-footer-de-2010-11-08.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&kvk-session=8V3UT27M&ALL=&Timeout=120&TI=&PY=&AU=&SB=9788360353646&CI=&SS=&ST=&PU=&kataloge=NB_POLEN&kataloge=LOC_DIREKT Kasidar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611080411/http://kvk.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/hylib-bin/kvk/nph-kvk2.cgi?maske=kvk-last&lang=de&title=KIT-Bibliothek%3A+Karlsruher+Virtueller+Katalog+KVK+%3A+Ergebnisanzeige&head=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-head-de-2010-11-08.html&header=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-header-de-2010-11-08.html&spacer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-spacer-de-2010-11-08.html&footer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fkvk%2Fkvk%2Fkvk-kit-footer-de-2010-11-08.html&css=none&input-charset=utf-8&kvk-session=8V3UT27M&ALL=&Timeout=120&TI=&PY=&AU=&SB=9788360353646&CI=&SS=&ST=&PU=&kataloge=NB_POLEN&kataloge=LOC_DIREKT |date=2020-06-11 }} baje kolin a [[Dakin Karatun Poland|Laburaren Ƙasa na Poland]]{{ISBN|978-83-60353-64-6}} (mai gogewa; Jamusanci) * * Maria Fiderkiewicz: Wasser, Reise und Traum. Malerei von Eva Wieczorek / Woda, podróż i sen - Malarswo Evy Wieczorek. Muzeum Slaskie, Katowice [[Poland]] 2008,{{ISBN|978-83-60353-64-6}} . * Łukasz Kałębasiak, Eva Wieczorek: Artystka z licencją na malowanie." Magazine: " Gazeta Wyborcza ", Katowice Poland, 7 Afrilu 2007 * Britta Havlicek, "Zwischen Mensch da Natur". Mujallar: "Kölner Stadt Anzeiger" "Rhein Erft", [[Köln|Cologne]] [[Jamus]] . Nr.38, 24 Afrilu 2007 * Harald Zeyen, "Bilder mit Realismus und Elementen des Surrealismus. Mujallar "Brühler Schlossbote", Brühl Jamus 25. Afrilu 2007 * Tobias Gonszerowski: Brühler Fragebogen... tare da Eva Wieczorek. Jarida: "Brühler Fragenbogen", Brühl Jamus Nr. Afrilu 250, 2008 * Harald Zeyen, "Lichtblicke in der Orangerie". Mujallar: "Brühler Schlossbote", Brühl Jamus 22. Afrilu 2009 * Claudia Grosse: Ein Spiel mit Licht da Schatten. Jarida: "Kölner Stadt Anzeiger" . Mulkin mallaka Jamus. Lamba ta 91, 20. Afrilu 2009 * Hanna Styrie: Das Spiel von Licht da Schatten. Jarida: Kölnische Rundschau, Colonia Jamus. Lamba ta 91, 20. Afrilu 2009 * Farfesa Jasna Rodin: Samostalna izložba Eve Wieczorek. Catalog daga Gallery Toš, Verlag: Corngraf doo Umag, Punat [[Kroatiya|Croatia]] . 18. Yuni 2010 * Harald Zeyen, "Spiel mit dem Schatten". Mujallar "Brühler Schlossbote". 17. Fabrairu 2015 * Gabi Ignor, "Eva Wieczorek Schattenimpressionen" Mujallar "InBrühl" Der Veranstaltungs- und Tourismus Kalender, Nr. 64 ga Janairu-Maris 2015 * Colleen Boyett, H. Micheal Tarver, Mildred Diane Gleason: „Rayuwar Mata ta Yau da Kullum“, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, <nowiki>ISBN 1440846936</nowiki>, <nowiki>ISBN 9781440846939</nowiki>, 7. Disamba 2020 == Tallafi == * 2008: Gidan kayan tarihi na Silesian, ( Nunin Solo: Woda, podróż i sen), Curator: Maria Fiderkiewicz * 2011: Kyautar Art Marler Kunststern 2011 * 2014: Kyautar Art Marler Kunststern 2014 * 2017: Fitaccen Mawakin Shekara ta 2017, wanda aka zaɓa, Internetgalerie, Airleben.de [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 363ba0xaxyprt9qksw20ib0vkxynv7o 0 163359 905587 895875 2026-08-21T11:30:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hildegard Ochse''' (Disamba 7, 1935 - Yuni 28, 1997) mai ɗaukar hoto ce ta Jamus. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Hildegard Maria Helene Ochse (sunan budurwa Römer) a gida a Bad Salzuflen, Westphalia a ranar 7 ga Disamba, 1935, 'yar Dr. Phil. Emma Maria Römer-Krusemeyer <ref>{{Cite web |title=Authors index: Maria Römer-Krusemeyer |url=http://www.literaturportal-westfalen.de/main.php?id=00000172&article_id=00000388&author_id=00000826&p=1 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=Literatur Portal Westfalen |archive-date=December 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217192931/http://www.literaturportal-westfalen.de/main.php?id=00000172&article_id=00000388&author_id=00000826&p=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> (1894-1964) da Arthur Peter Maria Römer (1893-1957). A lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha shida a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1952, Hildegard ta bar yankin Bad Salzuflen a lokacin bazara. Ta yi tafiya a matsayin ɗaliba ta musayar ilimi zuwa Rochester . Da zarar ta isa Rochester, ta zauna tare da wani iyali mai masaukin baki kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Katolika ta Nazareth. Mahaifinta mai masaukin baki ya ɗauki aiki a ƙarƙashin Eastman Kodak a matsayin babban masanin sinadarai a sashen ci gaba kuma iliminsa na daukar hoto ya zama babban tasiri ga Hildegard. A Amurka, ta yi hotunanta na farko da kuma hotunan tituna da gine-gine masu ban mamaki. Bayan shekara guda a shekarar 1953, Hildegard ta koma Bad Salzuflen da takardar shaidar kammala karatun sakandare. A shekarar 1955 ta ci jarrabawarta ta manyan makarantu a Jamus da girmamawa, sannan ta fara nazarin harsunan soyayya da tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Freiburg da ke Breisgau tare da Dr. [[Hugo Friedrich]] (1904-1978) da Dr. Kurt Bauch (1897-1975), waɗanda fannoni na bincike suka haɗa da zane-zanen Dutch da Rembrandt. A lokacin karatunta, ta haɗu da mijinta na gaba Horst Ochse (1927–2014) <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2007 |title=University Staff directory |url=https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/we05/institut/vorstellung/geschichte/professuren/index.html |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=University FU Berlin}}</ref> a jami'a da ke Freiburg. A shekarar 1957 ta sami tallafin karatu zuwa Aix-en-Provence da ke kudancin Faransa kuma ta zauna tare da mai ɗaukar hoto a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi. Ta yi mamakin yanayin ƙasa da launukan Provence kuma ta rubuta » ''... idan ni mai zane ne, ina tsammanin ba zan iya fenti wannan ƙasar ba saboda KYAU sosai. Kuma ido ba zai iya ɗaukar waɗannan launuka da waɗannan siffofi a lokaci guda ba. Idan ana fentin wani wuri mai faɗi, to arewacin Jamus, dausayi, da gonaki...'' «. A wannan shekarar, ta yi ciki a lokacin kaka, kuma mahaifinta ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani a ranar haihuwarta. A watan Maris aurenta da Dr. Phil na baya. Horst Ochse ya biyo baya. A lokacin bazara, ta haifi ɗanta na fari kuma dole ta daina karatu. A cikin shekaru bakwai da suka biyo baya, Hildegard ta haifi wasu 'ya'ya uku waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawarta gaba ɗaya. A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1973, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Yammacin Berlin saboda dalilai na ƙwararru. Bayan dogon zaman da suka yi a Faransa tare da iyalan a shekarar 1975, aurensu ya fara lalacewa daga baya wanda ya kai ga rabuwa ta ƙarshe. Kusan a lokaci guda a farkon shekarar 1975, Hildegard ta sake gano sha'awarta ga daukar hoto. Da farko ta koya wa kanta. Daga baya, ta koya ta hanyar Werkstatt für Photographie (Bita don Daukar Hoto), a cikin darussan daukar hoto na cibiyar ilimi mai ci gaba da ke Zehlendorf a 1976, kuma daga baya a cikin shahararren bitar daukar hoto na Michael Schmidt (1945–2014) a Berlin-Kreuzberg. A farkon taron bitar, an yi wani fim mai suna "fictional" wanda aka tsara shi bisa ga kyawun Michael Schmidt kuma ya mayar da hankali kan gabatar da rayuwar yau da kullun. Daga baya, wurin daukar hoto ya gwada sabbin nau'ikan takardu waɗanda suka jaddada ra'ayin marubucin game da kansa. Hildegard Ochse ta hanzarta ƙirƙirar marubuci mai zaman kansa, mai fasaha tare da ra'ayin kansa. Yawancin ɗalibai da waɗanda suka halarci taron sun koyar da kansu, don haka suna da fahimtar sassaucin ra'ayi game da hanyoyin sadarwa idan aka kwatanta da ƙwararrun masu ɗaukar hoto. Da farko hotunan da abubuwan da ke ciki sun fi muhimmanci fiye da ingancin fasaha. Ta halarci darussa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Ulrich Goerlich|Ulrich Görlich]] (1952–), [[Wilmar Koenig]] (1952–2018), da kuma bitar bita ta masu ɗaukar hoto na Amurka kamar Lewis Baltz (1945–2014), John Gossage (1946–), Ralph Gibson (1939–) da Larry Fink (1952–) da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto na Jamus [[André Gelpke]] (1947–). Hotunanta sun samo asali ne jim kaɗan bayan yunƙurin farko—mai zurfi, mai faɗi da falsafa, mai yawa, mai matuƙar mayar da hankali, mai ra'ayi da kuma mai rubuce-rubuce. Ta ƙirƙiri hotuna musamman don kanta da kuma bisa ga buƙatunta. Daga shekarar 1978, Hildegard ta koyar da daukar hoto a cibiyar yada labarai ta jihar, da kuma a Jami'ar Pedagogical da ke Berlin, kuma za ta iya gabatar da hotunanta a gidajen tarihi a karon farko. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan sabon farawarta, an sayi jerin hotuna na farko ta gidan adana kayan tarihi na Berlin. Bayan rabuwar ƙarshe da mijinta da kuma fara sabuwar rayuwa ta sirri, ta kafa kanta a matsayin marubuciya mai ɗaukar hoto mai zaman kanta tun daga shekarar 1981. Ta sami kwamitoci masu yawa, tallafi da kuma baje kolin kayan tarihi a gida da waje. Wani ɓangare na aikin da ta shirya yana cikin tarin [[Gidan baje kolin Berlin|Berlinische Galerie]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Online Artis Index: Hildegard Ochse |url=http://sammlung-online.berlinischegalerie.de/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t2.artist_list.$TspTitleLink$0.link&sp=10&sp=Sartist&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=1&sp=SsimpleList&sp=0&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=2 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=Berlinische Gallery |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230095940/http://sammlung-online.berlinischegalerie.de/eMuseumPlus?service=direct/1/ResultListView/result.t2.artist_list.$TspTitleLink$0.link&sp=10&sp=Sartist&sp=SfilterDefinition&sp=0&sp=1&sp=1&sp=SsimpleList&sp=0&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F&sp=T&sp=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> da ke Berlin, Tarin Fasaha na Jamusanci Bundestag, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutscher Bundestag – Hildegard Ochse |url=https://www.bundestag.de/besuche/kunst/artothek/ankaeufe2018/ochse/591784 |access-date=13 February 2019 |website=Deutscher Bundestag |language=de}}</ref> da kuma a Jami'ar Universitá di Parma, Centro studi, dip. Fotografia da tarin masu zaman kansu. Ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa da kyamararta, don haka ta rubuta tarihin rayuwarta ba tare da gangan ba. Italiya ta zama wurin da ta fi so. A shekarar 1995 an gano tana da cutar sankarar jini, ta mutu a lokacin bazara na shekarar 1997 tana da shekaru 61 a Berlin. Ita da mijinta suna da 'ya'ya huɗu: Adrian, Katharina, Caroline, da Benjamin. Haƙƙoƙin bugawa na yawancin hotunan Hildegard Ochse yanzu ɗanta Benjamin Ochse ne ke kula da su da kuma Taskar Hotunan Prussian Heritage . == Nune - Nune == * 1978: Gallery Franz Mehring, Berlin, Germany. * 1979: Gallery Mutter Fourage, Berlin, Germany. * 1983: Gallery Fioretta, ''Rispecchio'' (Reflextions), group exhibition, Padua, Italy. * 1983: Gallery II Diaframma-Canon, ''Gastland Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' (English ''Host Country Federal Republic of Germany'') group exhibition, Milan, Italy. * 1984: Berlin University of the Arts, ''Bilder einer Ausstellung'' (English ''Photos of an exhibition''), solo exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 1985: Gallery fotografica comunale, Centro Culturale Pubblico Polivalente, ''Aspetti di Berlino'', group exhibition, Ronchi dei Legionari near Trieste, Italy. * 1987: [[Martin-Gropius-Bau]], ''Berlin - Stadtfotografie / Topographische Sequenzen der Stadt und ihre wechselnden Landschaften'' (English ''Berlin - Street Photography / Topographic Sequenzen of a City and Changing Landscapes''), Berlin Festival Gallery, 750 Years Berlin, group exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 1991: Gallery "Inselstraße *13", Metamorphose, group exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 1992: Museum of local history Wedding, ''Frauenzimmer – Frauenräume'' (English ''Female Sphere – Women's Spaces''), group exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 2004: Taranaki Art Gallery, ''Metamorphose'', solo exhibition, New Plymouth, New Zealand. * 2009: The House of Brandenburg-Prussian History, ''Wanderung durch die Mark-Brandenburg'' (English ''Peregrination though Mark-Brandenburg''), Potsdam, Germany. * 2009: European Commission in Germany, ''Mauerfall 1989 (''English ''Fall of the Berlin Wall *1989),'' group exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 2009: Gallery at the culture centre Karlshorst, ''20 Jahre Fall der Mauer'' (English ''*20 Years of the Fall of the Berlin Wall)'', group exhibition, Berlin, Germany. * 2010: Cafe Club International, Ulysses period of Facebook and Twitter, group exhibition, Vienna, Austria. * 2012: House on Kleistpark (German ''Haus am Kleistpark''), ''Hildegard Ochse (1935–1997) – Das Vermächtnis einer Autorenfotografin'' (English ''Hildegard Ochse (*1935 – *1997) – The Legacy of Photographer)'', solo exhibition, Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hildegard Ochse (1935–1997) {{!}} Das Vermächtnis einer Autorenfotografin – Haus am Kleistpark |url=https://www.hausamkleistpark.de/exhibitions/hildegard-ochse-1935-1997-das-vermaechtnis-einer-autorenfotografin/ |access-date=2021-03-13 |language=de-DE}}</ref> * 2013: German State Parliament Brandenburg Landtag Brandenburg, TRANSITION (German ''WENDEZEIT'') *1989 – *1991, solo exhibition, Potsdam, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WENDEZEIT 1989 – 1991 |url=https://www.landtag.brandenburg.de/de/meldungenausstellung_%E2%80%9Ewendezeit_1989_-_1991%E2%80%9C_zeigt_zum_tag_des_mauerbaus_arbeiten_der_fotografin_hildegard_ochse/617699?_referer=633109 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207010335/https://www.landtag.brandenburg.de/de/meldungenausstellung_%E2%80%9Ewendezeit_1989_-_1991%E2%80%9C_zeigt_zum_tag_des_mauerbaus_arbeiten_der_fotografin_hildegard_ochse/617699?_referer=633109 |archive-date=February 7, 2018 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=German State Parliament Brandenburg}}</ref> * 2014: 18m Salon, BÜROZEIT u.a. Ansichten einer Autorenfotografin (English ''Office hours and other views of an Auteur Photographer''), Berlin, Germany. * 2015: Communal Gallery Berlin, ''Zwischen eigener Sicht und authentischer Realität''. ''Das Lebenswerk der Berliner Autorenfotografin Hildegard Ochse'' (English ''Hildegard Ochse: Between Her Own Viewpoint and Authentic Reality''. ''The Photographic Oeuvre of Hildegard Ochse''), Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Between Her Own Viewpoint and Authentic Reality The Photographic Oeuvre of Hildegard Ochse |url=http://www.kommunalegalerie-berlin.de/ausstellungen/archiv/2015/zwischen-eigener-sicht-und-authentischer-realitaet/ |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=Kommunale Gallerie}}</ref> * 2016: [[C/O Berlin]] at the Amerika Haus, Kreuzberg – Amerika : Werkstatt für Photographie 1976 – 1986, group exhibition, Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kreuzberg – Amerika Werkstatt für Photographie 1976–1986 |url=http://www.co-berlin.org/en/kreuzberg-amerika-exhibition-berlin |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230092202/http://www.co-berlin.org/en/kreuzberg-amerika-exhibition-berlin |archive-date=December 30, 2016 |access-date=December 29, 2016 |website=C/O Berlin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2017 |title=A Different Kind of Protest |url=https://aperture.org/blog/different-kind-protest-schmidt |access-date=December 28, 2017 |website=Aperture}}</ref> * 2018: Gallery Schwalenberg, ''Starke Frauen in der Kunst – Künstlerinnen im Aufbruch zur Moderne'' (English ''Strong women in the arts – Female artist at dawn of Modernism'', group exhibition, Schwalenberg, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Künstlerinnen im Aufbruch zur Moderne. Von Ida Gerhardi bis Ilse Häfner-Mode. / Schieder-Schwalenberg |url=https://www.schieder-schwalenberg.de/Startseite/K%C3%BCnstlerinnen-im-Aufbruch-zur-Moderne-Von-Ida-Gerhardi-bis-Ilse-H%C3%A4fner-Mode-.php?object=tx,2808.14&ModID=7&FID=2808.1765.1 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=www.schieder-schwalenberg.de}}</ref> * 2018: Forum for Fine Art, ''Begegnung mit der Wirklichkeit'' (English ''Encounters with reality),'' group exhibition, Heidelberg, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archiv des Heidelberger FORUM für KUNST |url=http://www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de/archiv18.html#wirklichkeit |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207140641/http://heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de/archiv18.html#wirklichkeit |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=www.heidelberger-forum-fuer-kunst.de}}</ref> * 2018: Reinbeckhallen, ''Geld – Wahn – Sinn'' (English ''Money – Madness – Mind''), group exhibition, Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} GELD – WAHN – SINN: Die Sammlung Haupt in den Reinbeckhallen Berlin |url=https://www.sammlung-haupt.de/exhibitions/13995/geld-wahn-sinn-die-sammlung-haupt-in-den-reinbeckhallen-berlin/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011154/https://www.sammlung-haupt.de/exhibitions/13995/geld-wahn-sinn-die-sammlung-haupt-in-den-reinbeckhallen-berlin/about/ |archive-date=April 14, 2021 |access-date=2020-12-29 |website=Sammlung Haupt »Dreißig Silberlinge – Kunst und Geld« |language=en}}</ref> * 2019: Wall Memorial at the German Bundestag, Was vergeth - was bleibt (English ''Whats gone - what stays''), group exhibition, Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deutscher Bundestag - Kunst im Bundestag |url=https://www.bundestag.de/kunst#url=L2Jlc3VjaGUvYXVzc3RlbGx1bmdlbi9rdW5zdF9hdXNzdC93YXMtdmVyZ2VodC02NjYxNjg=&mod=mod441922}}</ref> * 2020: [[Kunstmuseum Dieselkraftwerk Cottbus]]: 1990. Fotografische Positionen aus einem Jahr, über ein Jahr (English ''Photographic position of one year, over one year''), group exhibition, Cottbus, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1990. Fotografische Positionen aus einem Jahr, über ein Jahr |url=https://www.blmk.de/programm/1990-fotografie-ausstellung/}}</ref> * 2020: Gallery Beate Brinkmann : EMOP Berlin 2020 - ''Filicudi - Seestücke und Felsen'' (English ''Filicudi - Seascapes and Rocks''), solo exhibition, Berlin, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EMOP Berlin - European Month of Photography |url=https://www.emop-berlin.eu/en/exhibitions/exhibition/hildegard-ochse/}}</ref> * 2025: German State Parliament Brandenburg: ZeitSprung – 35 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung (Englisch ''Time Leap – 35 Years After Reunification''), group exhibition, Potsdam, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brandenburg |first=Redaktion des Landtages |title=Ausstellung „ZeitSprung – 35 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung“ (22.01.2025) - Landtag Brandenburg |url=https://www.landtag.brandenburg.de/de/aktuelles/neuigkeiten/ausstellungen/kunst_im_suedfluegel/zeitsprung__35_jahre_nach_der_wiedervereinigung/41498 |access-date=2025-11-17 |website=www.landtag.brandenburg.de |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] 9la60nvxjnz56890l7q72s1w3hmngpy 0 163372 905548 895932 2026-08-21T10:34:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 6 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hedwig Marie''' " '''Hedda''' " '''Morrison''' ( née Hammer ; 13 Disamba 1908 - 3 Disamba 1991) ɗan jarida ne ɗan ƙasar Jamus wanda ya ƙirƙiri hotuna masu muhimmanci na tarihi na [[Beijing]], [[Hong Kong]] da [[Sarawak]] daga shekarun 1930 zuwa 1960. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Maxwell |first=Anne |last2=Grondas |first2=Morfia |last3=Van |first3=Lucy |date=4 July 2017 |title=Morrison, Hedda - Woman - The Australian Women's Register |url=https://www.womenaustralia.info/biogs/AWE5976b.htm |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=National Foundation for Australian Women and The University of Melbourne |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Hedda Hammer a [[Stuttgart]], 13 ga Disamba, 1908, shi kaɗai ne ɗan'uwan ƙani Siegfried a cikin wani iyali mai arziki wanda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a wani kamfanin buga littattafai. Annobar cutar shan inna a shekarar 1911-12 ta shafi tsayinta da tafiyarta, kuma wani babban tiyata da aka yi mata don gyara tasirinta, <ref name=":3" /> ya kawo wasu matsalolin lafiya da za su shafe ta har abada. Tana da shekaru 11 an ba ta kyamarar Box Brownie wanda hakan ya ba ta kwarin gwiwar zama mai ɗaukar hoto. == Horar da daukar hoto == Bayan karatun sakandare a Königin Katherina Stift Gymnasium für Mädchen, Stuttgart, <ref>{{Cite web |title=School report |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131802 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029162400/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta fara karatu a fannin likitanci a [[Jami'ar Innsbruck]], Austria, amma ta rinjaye iyayenta don shigar da ita (1929-31) a Cibiyar Nazarin Hoto na Jiha ( Bayerische füsenlehchtrand ) [[München|a]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report from Bavarian State Institute for Photography |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131816 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Makarantar daukar hoto mafi tsufa ta Bavaria, wacce ta kammala kwas ɗin satifiket kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta uku a gasar ɗalibai a 1931. A lokacin da take ɗaliba, an buga hotunanta marasa inganci a cikin littafin Walter de Sager's ''Making Pottery,'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=de Sager |first=Walter |date=1934 |title='Making pottery' book |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131804 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029134638/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131804 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wanda ke nuna sha'awarta a cikin, da kuma takardun aikin hannu a Kudancin Asiya. An horar da Hammer a lokacin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin Halin Kunci]] a cikin ɗakunan kasuwanci na Adolf Lazi mai ƙwarewa a fasaha a Stuttgart 1931–2, <ref>{{Cite web |title='Portrait of Hedda' by Adolf Lazi |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131778 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031219/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131778 |url-status=dead }}</ref> duk da cewa bai iya ɗaukar ta aiki ba saboda rikicin tattalin arziki, <ref>"Fraulein Hedda Hammer Stuttagrt worked as a volunteer in my studio from September 1, 1931 to August 30, 1932. There was no employment relationship. Fraulein Hammer wanted to have a practical year in my atelier following her studies at the State Institute for Photography in Munich. Her professional skills have strengthened extremely well in this practical year of work and, with suitable professional use, can be expected to perform well. Unfortunately, economic conditions do not allow her to continue to be used as a paid worker. I wish Fraulein Hammer the very best of future." {{Cite web |title=Work reference, Lazi Studio, Stuttgart |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/131811 |access-date=2020-10-27 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019221535/https://collection.maas.museum/object/131811 |url-status=dead }}</ref> don haka ta nemi ƙarin ƙwarewa a Olga Linckelmann Photographische Werkstätte, Hamburg a 1932. Duk da cewa an horar da ita kan kyawun Sabon Tsarin Zamani na wannan lokacin wanda ya haɓaka tsarin tsarin mulki, sha'awarta ta kasance ga tarihin al'adun mutane; tana yin rikodin kayan gargajiya na Jamusanci ''na Volk'' a cikin yanayin muhallin karkararsu a cikin hotuna arba'in da huɗu marasa kyau da ta adana kuma ta tsara "Trachtenfest, Stuttgart 1931". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hedda Morrison, b. 1908 |url=http://www.portrait.gov.au/people/hedda-morrison-1908/ |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=National Portrait Gallery people}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammer (Morrison) |first=Hedda |title=Woman in sheer bonnet at the Stuttgart Folk Festival |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/121712 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029144600/https://collection.maas.museum/object/121712 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kayan kwalliyarta, wadda aka yi ta yi a tsawon aikinta, haɗa waɗannan fannoni ne, zane-zane, da aka tsara da kuma takardar. <ref name=":1" /> Ba ta ga yanayin siyasa ko tattalin arziki a Jamus ya yi mata daɗi ba, kuma wani labarin taurari ya ƙarfafa ta ta yi doguwar tafiya, a shekarar 1933, Hammer ta ɗauki matsayi a China don kula da Hartung's Photo Shop, wani ɗakin daukar hoto na kasuwanci mallakar Jamus da ke 3 Legation Street, a tsohon yankin diflomasiyya na birnin da aka sani da Beiping a lokacin. Tana da alhakin ɗaukar hotuna na gida goma sha bakwai kuma ba da daɗewa ba ta koyi yin magana da yaren [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin na kasar Sin]] da kuma ɗan Cantonese, kuma a lokacin hutunta ta yi balaguro ita kaɗai zuwa sassan arewacin China. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1938, saboda mamayar da Japan ta yi wa birnin, Hartung's ya kasa ci gaba da ɗaukarta aiki. A matsayinsa na Bajamushe (ƙasar ƙawance ce ta Japan), kuma ba kamar sauran Turawa da aka kora ba, Morrison ya ji daɗin 'yanci kuma ya yi aiki daga gida a Titin Nanchang a matsayin mai zaman kansa yana sayar da kundin waƙoƙi da kwafi ɗaya na ra'ayoyi da na sana'o'in hannu ga masu yawon buɗe ido masu wadata. Duk da cewa rayuwa tana cikin mawuyacin hali, ta hanyar 'yan uwanta 'yan ƙasashen waje, ta sami aiki daga 1938 zuwa 40 tana samo kayayyakin tarihi ga wata attajiri 'yar Burtaniya a fannin fasaha da sana'o'in hannu ta ƙasar Sin, Caroline Frances Bieber a Beiheyan, wacce ta tattara don Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn da ke New York, don haka Morrison ta sami damar ci gaba da tafiye-tafiyenta a cikin ƙasar har zuwa shekarun 1940. Game da tafiye-tafiyenta shi kaɗai, Morrison ta lura cewa; "Halin da 'yan China ke nunawa mata mai tafiya ita kaɗai ba zai fi dacewa ko taimako ba, kuma ina haɗuwa da ladabi duk inda na je." Tare da Bieber da marubuciya Beatrice Kates, ta tattara takardun kayan gida nata na shekarun 1937-8 don wani aiki da aka buga a 1948. Hotunanta na gine-gine da rayuwar yau da kullum ta kasar Sin da aka yi tsakanin 1933 da 1946, an nuna su a cikin jerin littattafai, waɗanda suka fara da littafin Alfred Hoffman mai ''suna Nanking'' (1945) da kuma nata ''Hua Shan'' (1974). Suna kiyaye bayyanar Peking kafin rushewar da lalatawar da ta fara da lalata ganuwar birnin a ƙarƙashin mulkin Maoist . == Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya == A shekarar 1941, Hammer ya haɗu da Alastair Morrison a Peking, inda aka haife shi, ɗan wakilin London ''Times'' a Peking, ɗan Australiya [[George Ernest Morrison]] wanda ya ba da rahoto game da Tawayen 'Yan Dambe . Yayin da yake hidima a lokacin [[Yakin Pacific|yaƙin Pacific,]] ta zauna a gidan wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Faransa. Ta auri Morrison a shekarar 1946 kuma sun bar rikicin da ya barke a China jim kaɗan bayan haka, da farko sun tafi Hong Kong na tsawon watanni shida sannan suka tafi [[Sarawak]], inda Alastair ya zama jami'in gundumar gwamnati a lokacin da aka yi rikici a ƙarƙashin [[Mulkin sarauta|ikon mallakar Burtaniya]] (1946-61). A tsawon shekaru 20 da ta shafe tana Sarawak, da kuma yin balaguron daukar hoto mai zaman kanta wanda ya haifar da littattafanta ''Sarawak'' (1957) da ''Life in a Longhouse'' (1962), daga 1960 zuwa 66 ta ɗauki hotuna a madadin Ofishin Yaɗa Labarai na Gwamnati, Kuching, kuma ta horar da masu ɗaukar hoto na sashen. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to the Hedda Morrison photographs, [ca. 1950-1985] 2007-2015. |url=https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/RMM04516.html |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=rmc.library.cornell.edu}}</ref> == Ostiraliya == A shekarar 1967, iyalan Morrisons suka ƙaura zuwa Ostiraliya kuma inda suka zauna a [[Kanberra|Canberra]], inda ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa ga Hukumar Ba da Bayani ta Ostiraliya . A shekarar 1990, ƙungiyar masu daukar hoto ta Canberra ta sanya ta zama memba ta rayuwa. == Daukar hoto == A lokacin da take a Beijing, Morrison ta ɗauki hotuna da yawa na tsohon birnin da mutanensa, haikali da kasuwanni kuma ta ci gaba da yin rikodin muhalli da al'adun ƙasashen da take zaune a ciki. Da yawa daga cikin waɗanda take ɗaukar hotunansu suna ɓacewa yayin da take ɗaukar hotunansu; wayewar ƙasar Sin a ƙarƙashin mamayar Japan da kuma kafin Kwaminisanci; Hong Kong ta sauya daga tasirin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu wanda ba za a iya jurewa ba a kan al'adun gargajiya; da kuma Ibans da suka ɓace da dogayen gidajensu a Sarawak. A lokacin da take ɗalibi kuma ga wasu daga cikin ayyukanta na Sinanci, ta yi amfani da Linhof Satzplasmat 9 x 12.&nbsp;Kyamarar fim ɗin cm. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linhof Satzplasmat camera and accessories |url=https://collection.maas.museum/object/121767 |access-date=2020-10-26 |website=collection.maas.museum |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029092754/https://collection.maas.museum/object/121767 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Har sai da ta fara amfani da launuka a shekarun 1950, ta yi hotuna baƙi da fari kawai tare da Rolleiflex da Rollecord ɗinta na matsakaicin tsari, tare da ruwan tabarau na yau da kullun, kuma tana ɗauke da kayan aiki kawai da kuma matattarar ruwan tabarau. Ba kasafai take amfani da walƙiya ko ƙarin haske ba, sannan sai ta yi amfani da walƙiya kawai. Ta buga nata aikin, kuma a Hong Kong ta sayar da katunan gaisuwa na ra'ayoyinta game da birni, waɗanda aka buga da yawa a cikin ɗakinta mai duhu. A Sarawak, inda ma'auratan ba su da wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da batirin mota, dole ta kunna fitilar ƙara girmanta daga batirin mota, kuma tana da hanyoyin da za ta kare ƙwayoyinta daga lalacewa a yanayin zafi. <ref name=":3"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ow12140l436p0xcefsu2bg7m36jnck6 0 163415 905163 896192 2026-08-20T18:25:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox biography | suna = Fa'al Dr. Mohammed | ƙasa = Najeriya | sana'a = Malamin jami'a | mukami = Senior Lecturer | jami'a = [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] | fanni = [[Kimiyyar siyasa]] }} '''Fa'al Dr. Mohammed''' malamin jami'a ne ɗan Najeriya. Yana aiki a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] da ke Zariya, Jihar Kaduna, a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa da Nazarin Hulɗar Ƙasa da Ƙasa. Jami'ar ta lissafa shi a matsayin ''Senior Lecturer''.<ref name="ABU">{{cite web |title=Academic Staff |url=https://socialsciences.abu.edu.ng/departments/politicalscience-and-internationalstudies/academic-staff/ |website=Ahmadu Bello University |access-date=12 August 2026 |archive-date=30 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260730062635/https://socialsciences.abu.edu.ng/departments/politicalscience-and-internationalstudies/academic-staff/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aiki == Fa'al Dr. Mohammed malami ne a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa da Nazarin Hulɗar Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello. Matsayinsa a cikin ma'aikatan ilimi na sashen shi ne ''Senior Lecturer''.<ref name="ABU"/> == Bincike == Bayanan da shafin jami'ar ya wallafa sun tabbatar da alaƙarsa da Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa da Nazarin Hulɗar Ƙasa da Ƙasa, amma ba a samu isasshen bayani a majiyar hukuma da aka duba game da takamaiman fannonin bincikensa ko jerin wallafe-wallafensa ba.<ref name="ABU"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Duba kuma == * [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] * [[Kimiyyar siyasa]] * [[Hulɗar ƙasa da ƙasa]] [[Rukuni:Malaman jami'a 'yan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Malaman Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] [[Rukuni:Masu bincike 'yan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Mutanen Najeriya]] 7hsm9yh2ls47ejrlo8kuxgl78n7mnpn 0 163461 905147 896288 2026-08-20T17:44:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Esther_Kinsky_Leipziger_Buchmesse_2018.jpg|thumb| Kinsky tana jawabi a bikin baje kolin littattafai na Leipzig a shekarar 2018]] '''Esther Kinsky''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956 a Engelskirchen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Jamus) ma'aikaciyar fassara ce ta adabi ta Jamus kuma marubuciyar littattafai da waƙoƙi. == Rayuwa da ayyuka == Esther Kinsky ta girma a Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia kuma ta karanta karatun Slavonic a Bonn . Tana aiki a matsayin mai fassara adabi daga harsunan Poland, Ingilishi da Rashanci zuwa Jamusanci da kuma marubucin wakoki da waƙoƙi. Bayan ta shafe shekaru a [[Landan]], sai ta sauka a [[Berlin]] . Daga cikin ayyukanta da aka fi sani akwai littafin ''Am Fluss'', wanda Matthes & Seitz suka buga, Berlin 2014 <ref>''Am Fluss'', Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2014 {{ISBN|978-3-95757-056-7}}</ref> kuma ya fito a Turanci a watan Janairun 2018 a matsayin ''River'', wanda Iain Galbraith ya fassara kuma Fitzcarraldo Editions ya buga. <ref>''River'', translated by Iain Galbraith, published by Fitzcarraldo Editions. {{ISBN|978-1-91069-529-6}}</ref> Kinsky ta sami lambobin yabo da yawa duka biyu don aikin adabin ta da fassarorin ta, gami da a cikin 2015 lambar yabo ta [[Babban Kyautar Asusun Littattafan Jamus|Kranichsteiner Literature Prize]] da, don ''Am Fluss'', Preis der SWR-Bestenliste na Baden-Baden. A shekarar 2024, ta sami kyautar Droste . <ref name="g977">{{Cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Autorin Esther Kinsky erhält den Droste-Preis der Stadt Meersburg |url=https://www.swr.de/swrkultur/literatur/esther-kinsky-erhaelt-droste-preis-100.html |access-date=4 April 2025 |website=SWR Kultur |language=de |archive-date=14 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514060120/https://www.swr.de/swrkultur/literatur/esther-kinsky-erhaelt-droste-preis-100.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tun daga zangon karatu na bazara na 2016 ta gudanar da lakca ta shekara-shekara ta Thomas Kling a fannin Waƙoƙi a Jami'ar Bonn . A lokacin zangon karatu na kaka/hunturu na 2017/2018, ita ce Farfesan ziyara na August Wilhelm von Schlegel na Poetics of Translation a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin . A cikin 2018 littafinta, ''Hain: Geländeroman'' ya buga Suhrkamp Verlag, Berlin, kuma ya lashe lambar yabo ta Belletristik (Belles Lettres) na Leipzig Book Fair Prize, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Preisträger – Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse - |url=http://www.preis-der-leipziger-buchmesse.de/de/Preistraeger/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127114348/http://www.preis-der-leipziger-buchmesse.de/de/Preistraeger/ |archive-date=27 January 2020 |access-date=9 May 2018 |website=www.preis-der-leipziger-buchmesse.de}}</ref> An buga wannan aikin a cikin fassarar Turanci ta Caroline Schmidt a matsayin Grove: A Field Novel (Fitzcarraldo Editions, 2020). A shekarar 2023 ta rubuta littafin Seeing Further, wani labari da ba na almara ba game da siyanta da kuma gyara wani ƙaramin gidan sinima a Hungary. An buga shi cikin Turanci ta Fitzcarraldo Editions, trans. Caroline Schmidt (2024). Kinsky ta auri mai fassara adabi na Jamusanci-Scottish Martin Chalmers (1948–2014). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] b9jxhuwikpsvpofu9jqzzwz0n1zettw 0 163552 905331 896612 2026-08-20T22:47:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Gabriele_Kuby_(2018).jpg|thumb| Gabriele Kuby a shekarar 2014]] '''Gabriele Kuby''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1944) marubuciya ce kuma masaniyar zamantakewa ta Jamus. Ta musulunta daga [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] zuwa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika ta Roman]], kuma an san ta da ra'ayoyinta na Katolika na Gargajiya da kuma matsayinta na gargajiya game da jima'i da jinsi, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin ayyukan kamar ''The Global Sexual Revolution: The Destruction of Freedom in the Name of Freedom'' . Ta kuma shahara da sukar ɗabi'un shirin Harry Potter . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greydanus |first=Steven D. |title=Harry Potter vs. the Pope? &#124; Decent Films - SDG Reviews |url=http://decentfilms.com/articles/harrypotterandthepope |website=Decent Films |access-date=2026-08-13 |archive-date=2017-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825111854/http://decentfilms.com/articles/harrypotterandthepope |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Kuby a Konstanz, Jamus. Ita 'yar Erich Kuby ce, 'yar'uwar Clemens Kuby, kuma 'yar'uwa ce ga Werner Heisenberg da [[E. F. Schumacher|EF Schumacher]] . Kuby uwa ce ga 'ya'ya uku, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender Mainstreaming |url=http://www.michaeljournal.org/gender.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620185902/http://michaeljournal.org/gender.htm |archive-date=2010-06-20 |website=www.michaeljournal.org}}</ref> tana da digiri a fannin ilimin zamantakewa wanda ta samu a [[Berlin]], kuma ta kammala digirinta na biyu a Konstanz. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rončáková |first=Terézia |title=Gabriele Kuby: What's Next After Fascism and Communism? Gender |url=https://blog.postoj.sk/7427/gabriele-kuby-whats-next-after-fascism-and-communism-gender |website=blog.postoj.sk}}</ref> 'Yarta, Sophia Kuby, wacce ta musulunta a matsayin mai bin addinin Katolika, mai fafutukar yaki da zubar da ciki ce kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata tun bayan da ta musulunta a shekarar 2000. == Matsayi == === Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Iyalai (WCF) === Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Iyalai (WCF) tana shirya tarurruka akai-akai. Hadin gwiwa ne na Amurka da ke tallata kyawawan dabi'un Kirista, yana adawa da auren jinsi ɗaya, batsa, da zubar da ciki. Cibiyar Shari'a ta Kudancin Talauci ta haɗa WCF cikin jerin ƙungiyoyin da take ɗauka a matsayin ƙungiyoyin ƙiyayya masu adawa da LGBT . <ref name="Truth Wins Out">{{Cite web |title=SPLC Adds Seven New Organizations To Anti-Gay Hate Group List22 |url=http://www.truthwinsout.org/news/2014/02/39681/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210061345/http://www.truthwinsout.org/news/2014/02/39681/ |archive-date=10 December 2014 |access-date=29 August 2014 |publisher=Truth Wins Out}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, an dakatar da taron WCF da aka shirya yi a Moscow bayan yakin Rasha da Ukraine . An gudanar da wani taro ba tare da halartar WCF a hukumance ba. Shugabar ɗaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da abin ya shafa, Concerned Women for America, ta ce: "Mun yanke shawarar kada mu je Rasha. Ba na son in nuna kamar ina ba Vladimir Putin ta'aziyya da taimako." Duk da haka Kuby ya halarci taron, yana mai cewa "ƙasashe na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai" musamman sun "fara fahimtar cewa zama memba a Tarayyar Turai yana da nasa sakamakon (...) tilasta lalata tsarin ƙimar su". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die antiliberale Versuchung: Wo es um Familie geht, scheuen manche Christen nicht die Nähe zu autoritären Mächten |url=https://www.herder.de/hk/hefte/archiv/2015/1-2015/die-antiliberale-versuchung-wo-es-um-familie-geht-scheuen-manche-christen-nicht-die-naehe-zu-autoritaeren-maechten/}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] 5bg2duf97civcj6a7u8p67djbire3ou 0 163646 905542 897988 2026-08-21T10:03:12Z Zahrah0 14848 905542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amira Gad''' (Arabic) mai kula da fasaha ne, marubuci,kuma edita a cikin fasahar zamani da zamani da kuma gine-gine. A halin yanzu ita ce mai kula da fasahar zamani da zamani a Gidan kayan gargajiya na Boijmans van Beuningen . A baya, ta kasance mai kula da manyan (Fasahar Fasaha) a KANAL - Cibiyar Pompidou a Brussels, Shugaban Shirye-shiryen a LAS Art Foundation a Berlin (2020-2023), mai kula da Serpentine Galleries a London (2014-2020), da kuma Kunstinstituut Melly a Rotterdam (2009-2014). Ita 'yar Masar ce, an haife ta ne a [[Faransa]] kuma ta girma a [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] == Ayyuka == A LAS, ta shirya nune-nunen da Ian Cheng, Libby Heaney, aikace-aikacen Judy Chicago da kuma shirin ta ya hada da jerin wasan kwaikwayo na [https://www.las-art.foundation/programme/this-is-not-a-love-show Sharon Eyal & Gai Behar] (wanda Claude Adjil ya shirya), nune-nun da Jakob Kudsk Steensen (wanda Emma Enderby ya shirya), ya fara lambun Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg's Pollinator Pathmaker a Gidan Tarihin Halitta na Berlin da LAS Online, jerin kwamitocin dijital. Gad ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula a Serpentine Galleries a London daga 2014 zuwa 2019. Ta shirya nune-nunen aiki (kuma ta shirya wallafe-wallafen da ke tare) ta masu zane-zane Arthur Jafa (2017), [[Lynette Yiadom-Boakye]] (2016), [[Jimmie Durham]] (2015), <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2019 |title=May You Live in Interesting Times by Arthur Jafa. 2019 Golden Lion {{!}} The Strength of Architecture {{!}} From 1998 |url=https://www.metalocus.es/en/news/may-you-live-interesting-times-arthur-jafa-2019-golden-lion |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=metalocus.es}}</ref> da [[Hito Steyerl]] (2019) da sauransu. Nunin aikin Arthur Jafa 'A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions' (wanda aka tsara tare da Hans Ulrich Obrist) ya zagaya zuwa Julia Stoschek Collection (Berlin, 2018), Galerie Rudolfinum a Prague <ref>{{Cite web |last=Šálek |first=Petr |date=January 22, 2019 |title=Arthur Jafa a mimořádná setkání s jeho tvorbou v Galerii Rudolfinum |url=https://artmagazin.eu/arthur-jafa-a-mimoradna-setkani-s-jeho-tvorbou-v-galerii-rudolfinum-2/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=ARTmagazin.eu |language=cs-CZ}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Jafa |url=https://www.galerierudolfinum.cz/en/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/arthur-jafa-series-utterly-improbable-yet-extraordinary-renditions-featuring-ming-smith-frida-orupabo-missylanyus/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Galerie Rudolfinum}}</ref> da kuma Moderna Museet a Stockholm (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Jafa |url=https://www.modernamuseet.se/stockholm/en/exhibitions/arthur-jafa/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Moderna Museet i Stockholm}}</ref> Nunin Sondra Perry na 2018 Serpentine Galleries 'Typhoon Coming On' <ref>{{Cite web |title=sondra perry |url=https://sondraperry.com/Projects-1 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=sondraperry.com}}</ref> ya yi tafiya zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta zamani <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sondra Perry |url=https://icamiami.org/exhibition/sondra-perry/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Institute of Contemporary Art, Miami}}</ref> a Miami yayin da baje kolin Torbjørn Rødland 'The Touch That Made You' da ta tsara a cikin 2017 ya yi tafiya a Fondazione Prada Osservatorio a Milan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TORBJØRN RØDLAND: THE TOUCH THAT MADE YOU – Fondazione Prada |url=http://www.fondazioneprada.org/project/torbjorn-rodland-the-touch-that-made-you/?lang=en |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=fondazioneprada.}}</ref> Tare da aiki a kan nune-nunen fasahar zamani da ta zamani, Gad ya kasance mai kula da aikin jama'a da Lee Ufan ya sanya a cikin lambunan Kensington a cikin 2018, da kuma wani ɓangare na kwamitin zaɓe wanda ya nada masanin gine-ginen Japan Junya Ishigami don 2019 Serpentine Pavilion <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2019 |title=Japanese Architect Junya Ishigami Will Design 2019 Serpentine Pavilion |url=https://www.artforum.com/news/japanese-architect-junya-ishigami-will-design-2019-serpentine-pavilion-78642 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=Artforum}}</ref> da kuma mai kula da shirin gine-ginin Serpentin 2016 wanda ya gabatar da Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), Asif Khan, [[Kunlé Adeyemi]] (NLE), Yona Friedman, da Barkow Leibinger.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2016 |title=What We're Seeing: Amira Gad on the Serpentine Pavilion 2016 {{!}} Journal {{!}} The Modern House |url=https://www.themodernhouse.com/journal/what-were-seeing-the-serpentine-architecture-programme/ |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=themodernhouse.}}</ref> Daga 2009 zuwa 2014, Gad ya kasance Manajan Curator da Littattafai a Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art a [[Rotterdam]] . <ref name="wdw.nl">{{Cite web |title=Amira Gad – Participants – Witte de With |url=http://www.wdw.nl/en/participants/amira_gad |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=wdw.nl}}</ref> A lokacin da take a ma'aikatar, ta shirya nune-nunen da shirye-shiryen jama'a ciki har da wasan kwaikwayon 'Short Big Drama' tare da mai zane Angela Bulloch (wanda aka tsara tare da Nicolaus Schafhausen a cikin 2012), 'The Temptation of AA Bronson' (2014) da kuma taron kwana 2 I AM FOR AN ART CRITICISM THAT... wanda aka gudanar a Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art <ref name="wdw.nl" /> da Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam wanda aka tsara tare le darektan fasaha na zamani Defne Ayas. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3mpctzxh2aun3mc3dny9shbjrpbvlw8 0 163712 905307 897785 2026-08-20T21:56:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Franziska Baruch''' {{Efn|Also spelled '''Franziska''' or '''Francesca'''}} ( Hebrew ; 21 Nuwamba 1901 - 3 Satumba 1989) ƙwararren mai zane ne na Jamus da Isra'ila. An san ta da tsara rubutun Ibrananci, murfin fasfo na farko na Isra'ila, tambarin [[Jerusalem|Urushalima]], da kuma tambarin jaridar ''Ha'aretz'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwa da aiki a Jamus a farkon rayuwa === [[Fayil:Page_(Had_Gadya)_from_Passover_Haggadah_(8606526066).jpg|thumb| Shafi ( Had Gadya ) daga ''Idin Ƙetarewa Haggadah'', 1923]] An haifi Franziska Baruch a Hamburg, Jamus a shekara ta 1901. Mahaifinta ya mutu yana ɗan shekara huɗu; ita da 'yar uwarta Anna suka zauna tare da kakarsu; mahaifiyarsu ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Jiha da ke Berlin a wancan lokacin. Tana da shekaru 17 an shigar da ita a {{Interlanguage link|Staatliche Kunstgewerbeschule Berlin|de|Kunstgewerbeschule Berlin}} (Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Jiha). Baruch ya yi nazarin kayan ado, zane-zane, zane-zane, da kuma haruffa . <ref name="wardi" /> Ta halarci ajin zane-zane da littattafai wanda Ernst Böhm ke jagoranta; <ref name="goethe">{{Cite web |title=Franzisca Baruch (1901–1989) |url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/il/de/m/kul/sup/nwt/20844488.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002115651/https://www.goethe.de/ins/il/de/m/kul/sup/nwt/20844488.html |archive-date=2 October 2017 |publisher=Goethe Institute |language=German}}</ref> ta kuma yi kwasa-kwasan rubutun hannu na sirri tare da Else Marcks-Penzig. A shekarar 1920 ta lashe kyautar farko ta tsara faranti na Kirsimeti ga kamfanin kera faranti na gidan sarauta na Prussian. <ref name="wardi" /> Shekara guda bayan haka, a shekarar 1921, ta zana wasiƙun bikin ''Haggadah na Passover'', wanda Jacob Steinhardt ya yi wa ado da sassaka na katako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Passover Haggadah |url=http://museum.cjh.org/web/pages/cjh/Display.php?irn=6222&QueryPage=%2F |access-date=13 November 2021 |publisher=Center for Jewish History |archive-date=13 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113205833/http://museum.cjh.org/web/pages/cjh/Display.php?irn=6222&QueryPage=/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Domin ta shirya wa wannan aikin, ta yi nazarin rubuce-rubucen Yahudawa na zamanin da da kuma {{Interlanguage link|Prague Haggadah|he|הגדת פראג}} a cikin ɗakin karatu na al'ummar Yahudawa a Berlin. <ref name="interview">{{Cite journal |last=Stern |first=Gideon |last2=Friedlaender |first2=Henri |author-link2=Henri Friedlaender |date=1984 |title=People of the Book – Franzisca Baruch |journal=Israel Bibliophiles Newsletter |issue=4 |pages=1–4}}</ref> An buga Littafin Yunusa a shekarar 1953, sannan aka buga Littafin Ruth a shekarar 1957, duka da rubutun Baruch da Steinhardt suka yi, kuma Steinhardt ya zana su. <ref name="interview" /> Tare da malamarta Ernst Böhm, Baruch ta yi aiki a gidan buga littattafai na Berlin "Rimon", wanda Rachel da Mark Wischnitzer suka kafa, wanda ya buga mujallar ''Rimon-Milgroim'' kan fasahar Yahudawa. Ishai Mishory ta Jami'ar Columbia ta rubuta cewa Rachel Wischnitzer ta ɗauki mujallar a matsayin "haɗakar kayan tarihi da na zamani", kuma ta umarci Baruch da ya tsara tambarin a matsayin gauraya tsakanin "na zamani da na zamanin da a cikin wani abu na gani ɗaya". Baruch ya tsara tambarin a cikin salon Prague ''Haggaddah'' daga 1523; "Ta riƙe mafi kyawun fasalin rubutun a tarihi [...] wato siffofi masu zagaye na ado waɗanda ke ƙawata sandar kowace harafi da kuma "ƙaramin sautin haruffa", kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin alaƙar da ke tsakanin bugun kwance da tsaye amma kuma ta hanyar da aka sanya sarari tsakanin haruffa [...]. Haruffan saman masthead sun fi zagaye fiye da haruffan da ke cikin tushen Prague ''Haggadah'', kuma ƙawata da'irar da'irar ta fi fure, duk da haka, yadda aka yi ta yana sa tushen tsakiyar zamani ya zama sananne nan da nan." Baruch ya zaɓi wasiƙun daga rubuce-rubucen zamanin da ba don muhimmancin ibadarsu ba, sai dai kawai saboda abubuwan gani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Molded Inexorably by the Times: Rachel Wischnitzer's and Franzisca Baruch's Collaboration on the Headlines of Rimon/Milgroym |url=https://ingeveb.org/articles/rachel-wischnitzers-and-franzisca-baruchs-collaboration |access-date=13 November 2021 |website=In geveb |language=en}}</ref> Baruch ya kuma ƙirƙiri murfin littattafai na shahararrun marubuta da masu fasaha na Yahudawa, waɗanda suka haɗa da Hayim Nahman Bialik, Shmuel Yosef Agnon, da Shaul Tchernichovsky . Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ayyukan shine ƙirar murfin littafin Bialik daga 1923, ''Ketina Kol-Bo'', <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ketina Kol-Bo |url=http://museum.cjh.org/web/pages/cjh/Display.php?irn=13610&QueryPage=%2F |access-date=13 November 2021 |publisher=Center for Jewish History}}</ref> wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga rubutun Littafi Mai Tsarki da aka kwafi a Spain a ƙarni na 15 wanda [[Moshe Ibn Zabara]] da [[Yosef Ibn Chaim]] suka yi. === Shige da fice da aiki a Isra'ila === Baruch ya bar Jamus a shekarar 1933, ya yi ƙaura zuwa Falasɗinu ta Dole shi kaɗai. Ta isa Tel Aviv "kusan babu kuɗi", kamar yadda ta faɗa, kuma an ajiye kayanta da kayan aikinta kaɗan, banda ƙaramin akwati, a tashar jiragen ruwa ta Jaffa saboda harin da Larabawa suka kai wa Yahudawa a shekarar 1933 (ƙaura daga ƙasashen waje). <ref name="interview"/> Ta ci kwas ɗin ƙawata taga domin samun takardar shaidar "takardar shaidar mai sana'a", domin hukumomin Birtaniya ba su amince da aikinta ba, wato ƙirar zane. <ref name="interview" /> Ta zauna a Tel Aviv bayan ta yi aliyyah. Aikinta na farko shi ne baje kolin girmamawa ga ranar haihuwar Bialik. Mai tsara wannan baje kolin, [[Arie Elhanani]], ta ji labarinta daga wata abokiyar tata - mai tsara ginin [[Heinz Rau]] . Lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Urushalima, Rau ta taimaka mata ta saba da sauran masu zane-zane. A shekarar 1934 ta tsara alamar Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Hadassah da ke Mount Scopus . <ref name="interview"/> A shekarar 1936, iyalan Schocken masu tasiri sun ɗauki Baruch aiki don sake tsara jaridar ''Ha'aretz'', wadda suka saya daga wani ɗan kasuwa David Cohen a shekarar 1935. Baruch ya rage tsawon harafin " tzadik " a cikin tambarin, ya haɗa haruffa, ya kuma zagaye gefunansu; ƙirarta tana aiki har zuwa 1990 lokacin da [[Eran Volkowski]] ya ɗan canza ta. Gershom Schocken, wanda ya karɓi jaridar a matsayin kyauta daga mahaifinsa Zalman, shi ma ya ɗauki Baruch aiki; a shekarar 1940 ya nemi ta ƙirƙiri masa sabon rubutun Ibrananci. An yi aiki a kai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma bayan shekaru tara aka buga harafin "Schocken-Baruch" (ko kawai "Schocken"). An yi amfani da wannan rubutun ne don tarihin rayuwar shugaban farko na Isra'ila, Haim Weizmann, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1949. Littafin yana da rubutu kamar haka: "An buga wannan littafin da sabuwar wasiƙa, wadda aka sanya bisa ga haruffan Ibrananci tun daga farkon lokacin bugawa a Italiya ta hannun Francesca Baruch". Duk da haka, rubutun bai yi nasara ba a kasuwanci. A shekarun 1940, Baruch ta yi ayyuka da dama: ta zana taswirar ƙasa don ''Palestine Post'' (wanda yanzu ake kira ''The Jerusalem Post'' ), ta gasa biskit ɗin marzipan, kamar yadda ta san su tun tana ƙarama a Jamus (ta kira su: "Tufinei Baruch"), sannan ta saka su a cikin akwatunan kwali masu kyau. Ta tsara fakitin da zane-zane na Hanukkah, Kirsimeti ko Adam da Hauwa'u. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] 2mqku60hjl4v01o8fytmdwmycvs4a2m 0 163717 905096 897884 2026-08-20T15:30:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elisabeth Charlotte Pauli''' (daga [[Köln|Cologne]], na shekara ta 1906 har zuwa [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]], na shekara ta 1984) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce kuma mai nazarin al'adu da ke aiki a Cibiyar Frobenius da ke Frankfurt am Main. Ta halarci tafiye-tafiye da dama na cibiyar a matsayinta na mai halarta kuma mai shiryawa, kuma ta samar da adadi mai yawa na zane-zanen dutsen [[Prehistory|da suka gabata]] a Turai da Afirka. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu,]] ita da wasu mata uku sun yi aiki a matsayin shugabannin wucin gadi na cibiyar. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Pauli ga mai filaye kuma jami'in soja Heinrich Pauli (daga shekara ta 1867 har zuwa shekara ta 1924) da matarsa Maria Johanna Pauli ( ''wanda aka haifa a'' Bürgers; a shekara ta 1889 har zuwa shekara ta 1950). Ta yi karatu a makarantar 'yan mata na manyan makarantu a Cologne, sannan ta yi kwas na watanni shida a ''Großherzogin Luise-Haushaltungsschule'' da ke Baden-Baden . Daga nan ta yi rajista a Kölner Werkschulen, Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Cologne. A wannan lokacin ta yi watanni uku a [[Institut du Panthéon]] da ke Paris don yin karatun Faransanci. Bugu da ƙari, ta ɗauki darussa na sirri tare da masu zane-zane Fritz August Breuhaus da Johannes Itten . Daga shekarar 1928 zuwa 1930 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai tsara kayan saka na cikin gida a wurin aikin [[Hans Heinz Lüttgen]] da ke Cologne. Daga nan aka nada ta shugabar zane-zane na nune-nunen Cologne Fair ( ''Messeamt'' ), inda ta lura da nunin "Das Kind" da "Schutz von Eigentum und Leben". A ranar 1 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 1933, Pauli ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Frobenius da ke Frankfurt am Main a matsayin mai zane da mai zane. Ta shiga cikin balaguron cibiyar karkashin jagorancin Leo Frobenius da daga baya Adolf Ellegard Jensen, inda ta kwafi zane-zanen dutse, ta zana hotuna da taswirorin al'adun duniya da balaguron ya yi nazari a kansu, sannan ta ɗauki hotuna da fina-finai na membobin balaguron da kuma mutanen da suka yi karatu. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu,]] an tura maza da yawa daga cikin membobin Cibiyar Frobenius, ciki har da shugabannin gudanarwa, zuwa aikin soja. A cikin rashin su Karin Hahn-Hissink ne ya jagoranci cibiyar, tare da taimakon Pauli, [[Hildegard Klein]] da [[Hertha von Dechend]] . Sun tabbatar da dorewar cibiyar da kuma tarin kayanta masu mahimmanci. Pauli yana da abota ta kud da kud da Hissink. Bayan yaƙin ta sake shiga cikin balaguron cibiyar, ba kawai a matsayin mai zane da mai ɗaukar hoto ba, har ma a matsayin masanin ilimin ɗan adam, mai shiryawa da kuma mai gudanarwa.<ref name=":0">Forschungsreisen (bis 1974) Archived 2021-06-24 at the Wayback Machine on website Frobenius-Institut (in German; accessed 20 June 2021).</ref> Pauli memba ne na waɗannan balaguron Cibiyar Frobenius:<ref name=":0" /> * 1933: [[Hamadar Libya]] ("Libyen II") * 1934-1935: [[Jodan|Transjordan]] da Hamadar Libya * 1934: kudancin [[Faransa]] da gabashin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] * 1936: arewa da arewa maso yammacin Spain * 1936: Val Camonica, [[Italiya]] ("Italian II") * 1937: Val Camonica da Istria ("Italian III") * 1950-1952: Kudancin [[Itofiya|Habasha]] ("Äthiopian II") * 1954-1955: Kudancin Habasha ("Äthiopian III") Taskar bayanai ta Cibiyar Frobenius tana ɗauke da zane-zane da yawa, zane-zane, bincike kafin a yi, rahotanni, bayanai da hotuna na Pauli. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka daɗe suna aiki a cibiyar tsawon shekaru da yawa, inda ta ƙirƙiri yanayi mai daɗi na aiki tare da kuma ci gaba da hulɗa da sauran membobin cibiyar. A shekarar 1952, Pauli ta auri Adolf Ellegard Jensen (1899-1965), wanda a lokacin darakta ne, wanda ta daɗe tana aiki tare da shi a cibiyar da kuma wasu muhimman abubuwa. == Tambayoyi Masu Muhimmanci == A shekarar 1933, Pauli ya kwafi zane-zanen dutse a cikin " Kogon Masu iyo " a cikin tsaunukan Gilf Kebir a cikin Hamadar Yammacin [[Misra|Masar]], wanda aka yi masa suna ta hanyar littafin Michael Ondaatje na 1992 da fim ɗin ''The English Patient na'' shekara ta 1996. Ɗan ƙasar Hungary kuma mai binciken hamada László E. Almásy ya gayyaci Frobenius, [[Hans Rhotert]] da Pauli su duba zane-zanen duwatsu da ya gano a nan. A tsawon lokacin aikinta a Cibiyar Frobenius, an ambaci Pauli da sunan farko da aka ba ta, Elisabeth, yayin da iyalinta kuma suka kira ta Lotte (bayan sunan ta na biyu da aka ba ta, Charlotte). Bayan ta yi aure, ta ci gaba da amfani da sunan haihuwarta; wani lokacin ana kiranta da Elisabeth Jensen. A makarantar, ana mata lakabi da "Paulus" (kamar yadda abokin aikinta Helmut Petri, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Petrus").<ref>Bibliography: Beer, Frauen, 110.</ref> == Littattafai (zaɓi) == An buga nazarin nazarin ɗan adam na Pauli na Habasha a ''Altvölker Süd-Äthiopiens'' (ya sadu da E. Haberland, Ad. E. Jensen da W. Schulz-Weidner). W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1959. Sau da yawa tana yin aiki tare (wani lokacin ba a ba ta suna ba) a kan wallafe-wallafen wasu membobin cibiyoyi, da kuma (rijistar) ''Afirka.'' ''Handbuch der angewandten Völkerkunde'' na Hugo Bernatzik . An kuma nuna kwafi na zane-zanen dutsen ta a cikin nune-nunen da kasidu na Cibiyar Frobenius, misali: kasida ta baje kolin [https://www.berlinerfestspiele.de/en/berliner-festspiele/programm/bfs-gesamtprogramm/programmdetail_137493.html "Kunst der Vorzeit. Felsbilder aus der Sammlung Frobenius"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428005425/https://www.berlinerfestspiele.de/en/berliner-festspiele/programm/bfs-gesamtprogramm/programmdetail_137493.html |date=2021-04-28 }} Archived , Gropius Bau 2016. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] p8zmusyvrgo94pt9u6n08v9sx8w44g3 0 163885 905152 899481 2026-08-20T18:12:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eva Widermann''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni, na shekar 1978) <ref> name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Eva Widermann |url=http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719002348/http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio |archive-date=19 July 2011}}</ref> ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai zane wacce aikinta ya bayyana a wasannin kwaikwayo . <ref>(January 27, 2010). "Student wizards and goblins prepare for battle", ''[[Irish Examiner]]''. "... an internationally renowned gaming artist who now lives in Cork ..."</ref> == Ilimi == Ta je Scholastic of Graphic & Design, Munich. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Eva Widermann |url=http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719002348/http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio |archive-date=19 July 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719002348/http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio "Eva Widermann"]. Archived from [http://www.eva-widermann.de/?bio the original] on 19 July 2011.</cite></ref> == Sana'a == Widermann ta fara aikinta na zane-zane a shekarar 1998 kuma ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru da dama a masana'antar talla. A shekara ta 2003 ta zama mai zane mai zaman kansa da kuma mai zane-zane, kuma an buga ayyukanta a cikin littattafai, mujallu da wasanni ga abokan ciniki kamar Wizards of the Coast, Disney, da Paizo . <ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.eva-widermann.de/about/ |publisher= |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2018-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519041621/http://www.eva-widermann.de/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aikinta na ''Dungeons &amp;amp; Dragons'' ya haɗa da ''Player's Handbook II'' (2006), ''Monster Manual IV'' (2006), ''Complete Mage'' (2006), ''Cityscape'' (2006), ''Complete Scoundrel'' (2007), ''Magic Item Compendium'' (2007), ''Drow of the Underdark'' (2007), ''Monster Manual V'' (2007), ''Elder Evils'' (2007), da kuma bugu na 4 ''na Monster Manual'' (2008). Ta kuma yi zane-zanen littattafan yara, kuma ta sami sharhi mai kyau ga ''Arctic Giants'' (2011), da ''The Orphan and the Polar bear'' (2011). Widermann ta zauna tare da mijinta a Cork, Ireland tsawon shekaru da yawa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] 6mtwt4e5mo9dd16vqe4it7lrzpxdzut 0 163912 905352 899453 2026-08-21T03:07:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gina-Lisa Lohfink''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1986) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Promipool |title=Trash-Star Gina-Lisa Lohfink feiert ihren 27. Geburtstag |url=http://www.promipool.de/artikel/trash-star-gina-lisa-lohfink-feiert-ihren-27-geburtstag-84066/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209012752/http://www.promipool.de/artikel/trash-star-gina-lisa-lohfink-feiert-ihren-27-geburtstag-84066/ |archive-date=9 February 2017 |access-date=11 March 2016 |website=www.promipool.de}}</ref> ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan talabijin ce a Jamus kuma mai watsa labarai. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Lohfink a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1986 a Seligenstadt, Hesse . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2013 |title=Star Datenbank – Gina-Lisa Lohfink |url=http://www.prosieben.de/stars/star-datenbank/gina-lisa-lohfink |access-date=15 August 2016 |language=de}}</ref> Bayan kammala makaranta, ta yi horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da motsa jiki. <ref name=":1" /> Tana da heterochromia ; idonta na dama kore ne, idonta na hagu kuma shuɗi ne. A shekarar 2015, Lohfink ta bayyana cewa tana fama da matsalar zuciya da aka haifa a lokacin haihuwa . == Sana'a == === Shagali === Lohfink ta lashe gasar Miss Frankfurt a shekarar 2005, Miss Darmstadt a shekarar 2006 da kuma Sarauniyar Duniya/Intanet a shekarar 2007. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> Ta kasance Miss Supermodel a gasar Miss Hawaiian Tropic International ta 2007. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Gina-Lisa Lohfink |url=http://www.fashion-future.com/gina-lisa-lohfink/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111005303/http://www.fashion-future.com/gina-lisa-lohfink/ |archive-date=11 November 2013 |access-date=15 August 2016 |website=fashion-future.com |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Gina-Lisa Lohfink Biografie |url=http://www.heute.at/personen/person46694,711 |access-date=12 March 2016 |website=Heute |publisher=AHVV Verlags GmbH |archive-date=14 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314064513/http://www.heute.at/personen/person46694,711 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Yin tallan kayan kawa === A shekara ta 2006, Lohfink ya yi wa kamfanin Southpole kwalliya. <ref name=":2"/> A shekarar 2008, ta shiga zagaye na uku na gasar ''Next Topmodel ta Jamus'', inda aka zaɓe ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa goma sha tara da suka yi nasara a zagaye na ƙarshe. Duk da cewa ita ce wacce magoya baya suka fi so, ta kare a matsayi na goma sha biyu. <ref name=":1"/> Ta yi fim a mujallun maza da dama kamar ''Playboy'', ''Penthouse'' da ''FHM'' . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gina-Lisa Lohfink |url=http://www.bunte.de/gina-lisa-lohfink |access-date=11 March 2016 |website=[[Bunte]]}}</ref> Daga baya a shekarar 2008, ta fito a wani kamfen na talla na Sixt tare da jarumi Johannes Heessters wanda ya cika shekaru 100. A watan Fabrairun 2010, ta yi tattaki a Makon Kayan Zamani na New York don mai tsara Heatherette Richie Rich don tarin kayansa na A*MUSE. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2012, ta taka rawa a wani kamfen na Redcoon tare da abokiyar takarar ''Next Topmodel ta Jamus'' kuma mai tallata kayayyaki Micaela Schäfer . <ref name=":2" /> === Talabijin da wasan kwaikwayo === Ta fara fitowa a matsayin jaruma a shekarar 2008 a shirin barkwanci na talabijin mai suna ''Putzfrau Undercover'' . Tun daga lokacin ta fito a shirin barkwanci ''na Marienhof'' da kuma ''The Vampire Club'', wani gajeren fim na Marc Terenzi . Ta fito a cikin shirin ''Grease'' na 2011 a [[Frankfurt]], kuma ta fito a cikin bidiyon waƙar Loona mai suna "El Tiburón". <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> === Sauran aiki === [[Fayil:Aische-Pervers-Venus-Award-Gala-Gina-Lisa.jpg|thumb| Lohfink (dama) a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Venus tare da 'yar wasan batsa Aische Pervers, Oktoba 2012]] A shekarar 2009, Lohfink ya kafa Ginalisa Eyewear, wani nau'in tabarau na rana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Themenarchiv Person |url=http://www.vip.de/vips/gina-lisa-lohfink-t2761.html |access-date=15 August 2016 |language=de-DE}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, ta fitar da wakar ta farko, "Alles Klar". <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> A shekarar 2012, ta kasance fuskar Venus, wata baje koli ta batsa, wacce ke tallata jima'i mai aminci. == Matsalolin shari'a == A watan Janairun 2016, an umarci Lohfink da ta biya tarar Yuro 24,000, lokacin da kotun Amtsgericht Tiergarten da ke Berlin ta yanke hukuncin cewa ta yi wa wasu maza biyu zargin yi mata fyade, bayan da wani bidiyo na jima'i ya bayyana a intanet. Lohfink ya ɗaukaka ƙara, amma bai yi nasara ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2016 |title=Gina-Lisa Lohfink: Geldstrafe wegen Falschverdächtigung – sie soll Vergewaltigung erfunden haben – Leute |url=http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/leute/gina-lisa-lohfink--geldstrafe-wegen-falschverdaechtigung---sie-soll-vergewaltigung-erfunden-haben-6628320.html |access-date=13 March 2016 |website=[[Stern (magazine)|Stern]] |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=veronika.mahler |date=5 January 2016 |title=Gina-Lisa Lohfink: Nach Strafbefehl: Endlich spricht sie |url=http://www.bunte.de/stars/star-news/tv-show/gina-lisa-lohfink-nach-strafbefehl-endlich-spricht-sie-222361.html |access-date=13 March 2016 |website=Bunte |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2016 |title=Gina-Lisa schlägt zurück: Die Sex-Nacht, die jetzt vor Gericht landet |url=http://www.bild.de/unterhaltung/leute/gina-lisa-lohfink/fall-um-sex-nacht-landet-vor-gericht-44070758.bild.html |access-date=13 March 2016 |website=BILD.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2016 |title=Strafbefehl gegen Gina-Lisa Lohfink {{!}} GALA.DE |url=http://www.gala.de/stars/news/gina-lisa-lohfink-strafbefehl-wegen-falschverdaechtigung_1364713.html |access-date=13 March 2016 |website=gala.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nachrichtenfernsehen |first=n-tv |title=Strafbefehl gegen Ex-"Topmodel": Lohfink soll Vergewaltigung erfunden haben |url=http://www.n-tv.de/leute/Lohfink-soll-Vergewaltigung-erfunden-haben-article16677661.html |access-date=13 March 2016 |website=n-tv.de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dyqq6dmhcp3081pfvxjviqp9w4ct0oz 0 163994 905384 900181 2026-08-21T05:14:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905384 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:Ice_Storm_by_NOAA.jpg|right|thumb|Rushewar da guguwar kankara ta haifar]]   Wata '''guguwar ƙanƙara''', wadda kuma ake kira '''glaze event''' ko '''silver storm''', wani nau’in guguwar hunturu ce da ake bambanta ta da ruwan sama mai daskarewa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221013000340/https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/atmosphere/weather-events/ice-storms</ref>Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (U.S. National Weather Service) tana bayyana '''guguwar ƙanƙara''' a matsayin guguwa wadda ke haifar da taruwar aƙalla inci 0.25 (milimita 6.4) na ƙanƙara a saman abubuwan da suke a fili. Ba kasafai suke kasancewa guguwa mai tsanani ba, a maimakon haka, galibi ana kallonsu a matsayin ruwan sama mai sauƙi da ke faruwa a yanayin zafi da bai kai matsayin daskarewa ba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070221184153/http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/forestry/publications/pdf/urban_co</ref><ref>https://forecast.weather.gov/glossary.php?word=ice+storm</ref> == Kafawa == [[Fayil:Precipitation_by_type.png|left|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna samar da nau'ikan hazo daban-daban.]] Samuwar ƙanƙara tana farawa ne lokacin da akwai wani rukuni na iska mai zafi fiye da matakin daskarewa a sama da wani rukuni na iska mai zafin da bai kai matakin daskarewa ba kusa da saman ƙasa. Ruwan da ya daskare yana narkewa ya koma ruwan sama yayin da yake faɗowa cikin rukuni na iska mai ɗumi, sannan ya fara sake daskarewa a cikin rukuni na iska mai sanyi da ke ƙasa. Idan ruwan ya sake daskarewa tun yana cikin iska, zai sauka a ƙasa a matsayin ƙanƙarar ruwa. A wani yanayin kuma, ɗigon ruwan na iya ci gaba da faɗowa ba tare da daskarewa ba, yana ratsa siririn iska mai sanyi da ke kusa da saman ƙasa. Wannan siririn rukuni na iska yana sanyaya ruwan sama har zafinsa ya koma ƙasa da matakin daskarewa (0 °C ko 32 °F). Duk da haka, ɗigon ruwan da kansa ba ya daskarewa, kuma ana kiran wannan yanayi da supercooling (ko samuwar “supercooled drops”). Lokacin da waɗannan ɗigon ruwan da suka yi sanyi fiye da matakin daskarewa suka bugi ƙasa ko wani abu da zafinsa bai kai 0 °C (32 °F) ba (misali, wayoyin lantarki, rassan bishiyoyi ko jiragen sama), wani rukuni na ƙanƙara yana taruwa yayin da ruwan sanyi ke zubewa, yana samar da wani siririn ƙanƙara da ke ƙara kauri a hankali; wannan shi ne ruwan sama mai daskarewa.<ref>https://doi.org/10.3354%2Fcr003209</ref><ref>http://www.ci.savannah.ga.us/cityweb/disasterinfo.nsf/e972665c5d19aa0085256b990060d571/973ecbe69ed086d585256c2400535911?OpenDocument{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duk da yake masu binciken yanayi na iya hango lokacin da kuma inda guguwar kankara za ta faru, wasu guguwa har yanzu suna faruwa ba tare da gargadi ba ko babu.<ref>http://www.ci.savannah.ga.us/cityweb/disasterinfo.nsf/e972665c5d19aa0085256b990060d571/973ecbe69ed086d585256c2400535911?OpenDocument{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A Amurka, yawancin guguwar kankara suna faruwa a yankin arewa maso gabashin, amma guguwar da ta lalace ta faru a kudu; guguwar ƙanƙara a watan Fabrairun 1994 ta haifar da tarin kankara mai yawa har zuwa kudu kamar Mississippi, kuma ta haifar da lalacewar da aka ruwaito a jihohi tara.<ref>https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ScTEn.262..231I</ref> == Tasirin == [[Fayil:A_street_in_Elora,_Ontario,_after_an_ice_storm,_early_1900s.jpg|thumb|Lines na wutar lantarki da kungiyoyi sun sauka bayan guguwar kankara. Baya ga rushe sufuri, guguwar kankara na iya rushe kayan aiki ta hanyar fashewa da layi da sanduna.]] Ruwan sanyi daga guguwar kankara ya rufe komai da kankara mai nauyi, mai santsi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221007213334/https://www.fastfactsforkids.com/weather-facts/ice-storm-facts-for-kids</ref> Baya ga haifar da yanayin tuki ko tafiya mai haɗari, rassan bishiyoyi ko ma bishiyoyi gaba ɗaya na iya karyewa saboda nauyin ƙanƙara. Rassan da suka faɗo na iya toshe hanyoyi, yaga wayoyin lantarki da na tarho, tare da haifar da wasu lalacewa. Ko ba tare da faɗuwar bishiyoyi da rassansu ba, nauyin ƙanƙarar da kansa na iya karya wayoyin lantarki cikin sauƙi, sannan ya karya da kuma rushe sandunan wutar lantarki; har ma da ginshiƙan wutar lantarki waɗanda aka yi da ƙarfe. Wannan na iya barin mutane ba tare da wutar lantarki ba na tsawon kwanaki da dama zuwa wata guda. A cewar mafi yawan masana yanayi, taruwar ƙanƙara mai kaurin inci 0.25 (milimita 6.4) kawai na iya ƙara nauyin kusan fam 500 (kilogiram 230) ga kowane tsawon igiyar lantarki. Lalacewar da guguwar ƙanƙara ke haifarwa na iya kasancewa mai tsanani har ta kai ga katse ayyukan birane gaba ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, asarar wutar lantarki a lokacin guguwar kankara ta haifar da cututtuka da mutuwar da yawa saboda guba ta carbon monoxide (CO) ba da gangan ba. A ƙananan matakan, guba ta CO tana haifar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kamar ƙishirwa, dizziness, [[Rashin karfi|Gajiya]], da [[ciwon kai]], amma matakan da suka fi girma na iya haifar da rashin sani, [[gazawar zuciya]], da mutuwa.<ref name="Hartling">{{Cite journal |last=Hartling |first=L. |last2=Brison |first2=R.J. |last3=Pickett |first3=W. |date=November 1998 |title=Cluster of Unintentional Carbon Monoxide Poisonings Presenting to the Emergency Departments of Kingston, Ontario during 'Ice Storm 98' |url=http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/viewPDFInterstitial/1139/1139 |url-status=dead |journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=388–390 |doi=10.1007/BF03404080 |pmc=6990320 |pmid=9926497 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706174444/http://journal.cpha.ca/index.php/cjph/article/viewPDFInterstitial/1139/1139 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |access-date=2009-11-28}}</ref> Babban abin da ya faru na guba na CO a lokacin guguwar kankara yana faruwa ne saboda amfani da wasu hanyoyin dumama da dafa abinci a lokacin doguwar wutar lantarki, wanda ya zama ruwan dare bayan guguwar dusar ƙanƙara.<ref name="Wrenn2">{{Cite book|last1=Wrenn|first1=K.|last2=Conners|first2=G.P.|title=Carbon monoxide poisoning during ice storms: A tale of two cities|publisher=Journal of Emergency Medicine|year=1997|edition=4}}</ref> Janareto na gas, gawayi da barbecues na propane, da Masu dumama kerosene suna ba da gudummawa ga guba ta CO lokacin da suke aiki a wurare masu kulle.<ref name="Hartling" /> Ana samar da CO lokacin da kayan aiki ke ƙone man fetur ba tare da isasshen iskar oxygen ba, kamar ginshiki da sauran wuraren cikin gida.<ref name="Griefe2">{{Cite book|last1=Griefe|first1=A.L.|last2=Goldenhar|first2=L.M.|last3=Freund|first3=E.|title=Carbon monoxide poisoning from gasoline-powered engines: Risk perception among midwest flood victims|publisher=American Journal of Public Health|year=1997|edition=3}}</ref> Rashin wutar lantarki a lokacin guguwar kankara na iya haifar da hypothermia kuma ya haifar da mutuwa. Hakanan yana iya haifar da fashewar bututu saboda ruwan daskarewa a cikin bututu. == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="packed" heights="120px"> Fayil:Trees_with_Ice.JPG|A tree covered in ice Fayil:Frozen_pinecone.JPG|Detail of a pinecone covered in ice Fayil:Tree_branch_after_ice_storm.JPG|A buildup of ice on a branch after an ice storm Fayil:Car_Ice_Storm.jpg|Car after an ice storm Fayil:Freezing_Willow.JPG|A weeping willow tree damaged by an ice storm </gallery> == Manazarta == 4ajxwotf8fy2be82bb2p31h86ncclvb 0 164028 905550 900362 2026-08-21T10:41:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen Dukas''' (17 ga Oktoba 1896 - 10 ga Fabrairu 1982) ita ce sakataren [[Albert Einstein]]. Ta kuma hada hannu da Albert Einstein: Mahalicci da Rebel kuma ta hada hannu da Albarta Einstein: The Human Side <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="38" href="./Banesh_Hoffmann" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Banesh Hoffmann">Banesh Hoffmann<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;journal<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;March 1980<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;volume<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;36<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;issue<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;3<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;pages<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;53<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAoAAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA53&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}</nowiki>]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwdw\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt11\" class=\"citation journal cs1\" id=\"mweA\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=ZAoAAAAAMBAJ&amp;amp;pg=PA53\" id=\"mweQ\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Review of <i id=\"mweg\">Einstein, the Human Side</i></nowiki> edited by Helen Dukas and Banesh Hoffmann\"<nowiki></a></nowiki>. <nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-4" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Helen_Dukas#cite_note-4 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> tare da Banesh Hoffmann . Dukas na ɗaya daga cikin amintattu biyu da Einstein ya zaɓa, bisa ga Ƙaunarsa da Alkawari, don riƙe haƙƙin wallafe-wallafen duk rubuce-rubucensa, haƙƙin mallaka, haƙƙin bugawa, sarauta, da yarjejeniyar sarauta.<ref name="Bernstein">Bernstein, Jeremy (6 July 1987) "Einstein when young." </ref> Sauran amintacce shine masanin tattalin arziki Otto Nathan . A takaice dai, Dukas da Nathan sun kasance "masu aiwatar da al'adun wallafe-wallafensa".<ref name="short">{{Cite web |title=Short life history: Helen Dukas. |url=http://www.einstein-website.de/biographies/dukas_content.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901183715/http://www.einstein-website.de/biographies/dukas_content.html |archive-date=2017-09-01 |access-date=2007-01-02}}</ref>Sun hada kai wajen tattara The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, ta amfani da takardun da aka ba da gudummawa ga [[Jami'ar Ibraniyawa ta Kudus|Jami'ar Ibrananci]] ta Einstein da Dukas sun kasance ƙarƙashin sa ido mai zurfi ta [[Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya (FBI)|Ofishin Bincike na Tarayya]] a ƙarƙashin J. Edgar Hoover . == Rayuwa ta farko == Sunan ta a zahiri ''Helene'' ne kuma ita 'yar wani ɗan kasuwa ne na Jamus-Yahudawa mai suna Leopold Dukas . <ref name="short"/> An haife ta, ta girma kuma ta yi karatu da farko a Freiburg im Breisgau, tana da 'yan uwa shida, kuma mahaifiyarta tana da suna Hannchen (née Liebmann). <ref name="short" /> Hannchen Dukas ya fito ne daga wannan garin, Hechingen, wanda Elsa Einstein, matar Albert Einstein ta biyu, ta fito.<ref name="short" /> Ta hanyar wannan haɗin Helen Dukas za ta sami matsayi a matsayin sakataren Albert Einstein a shekara ta 1928. <ref name="short" /> Bayan mutuwar Elsa Einstein a shekarar 1936, Dukas za ta ɗauki yawancin ayyukan gida ga Iyalin Einstein, a wannan lokacin tana zaune a Princeton, New Jersey, inda Dukas za su kasance har zuwa mutuwarta.<ref name="short" /> Ta mutu ba tare da aure ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris, Lulu |date=10 April 2017 |title=Who were the most important people in Einstein's life |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/science/who-were-the-most-important-people-in-einsteins-life.aspx |website=National Geographic }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]] 7y8zdvi160hhatjw6q0s4o2n9z9v853 0 164129 905149 901512 2026-08-20T18:07:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eva Bischoff''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2016 |title=Strafbefehl gegen Eva Herman wegen Steuerhinterziehung |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/panorama/ehemalige-tagesschau-moderatorin-strafbefehl-gegen-eva-herman-wegen-steuerhinterziehung/13467704.html |access-date=2021-08-18 |website=[[Tagesspiegel]] |language=de}}</ref> ( née '''Feldker''' ; a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 1958), wacce aka fi sani da '''Eva Herman''', marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus kuma tsohuwar mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen talabijin. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gabatar da labarai a shirin labarai ''na Tagesschau'' na ƙasa baki ɗaya daga shekara ta 1989 zuwa shekara ta 2006, sannan ta gabatar da wasu shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban ga Norddeutscher Rundfunk har zuwa shekara ta 2007. A shekara ta 2003, wani bincike da TNS Emnid ta gudanar ya bayyana Herman a matsayin "mai gabatarwa da Jamus ta fi so". Tun daga shekarar 2006, Herman ta rubuta littattafai da dama da suka yi suka ga [[Feminism|ra'ayin mata]] kuma ta yi kira ga mata su yi taka-tsantsan a harkokin jinsi . Littattafan ta sun fuskanci suka mai yawa da kuma nazarin kafofin watsa labarai. A shekara ta 2007, an kori Herman daga mukaminta na mai gabatar da labarai a gidan rediyon Jamus na ARD, bayan ta yi nazari mai kyau kan manufofin iyali da kuma rawar da Jamus ta Nazi ke takawa a fannin jinsi . Tun daga lokacin, ita da abokin aikinta Andreas Popp suna tallata ka'idoji daban-daban na makirci. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eva Herman and the Great American Smartphone Conspiracy |url=https://www.dialoginternational.com/dialog_international/2015/09/eva-herman-and-the-great-american-smartphone-conspiracy.html |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=Dialog International |archive-date=2022-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221201739/https://www.dialoginternational.com/dialog_international/2015/09/eva-herman-and-the-great-american-smartphone-conspiracy.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Takaddama == A shekarar 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2007, Herman ta buga littattafai biyu da ta samu <ref>Désirée Nick: ''Eva go home. Eine Streitschrift''. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007. {{ISBN|978-3-596-17669-4}}.</ref> waɗanda suka yi jayayya game da imaninta kan rawar da jinsi ke takawa da manufofin iyali. <ref name="Eva-Prinzip">Eva Herman: ''Das Eva-Prinzip. Für eine neue Weiblichkeit.'' Pendo Verlag, Starnberg 2006, {{ISBN|3-86612-105-9}}</ref> <ref name="Arche Noah">Eva Herman: ''Das Prinzip Arche Noah. Warum wir die Familie retten müssen.'' Pendo Verlag, Zürich, München 2007, {{ISBN|3-86612-133-4}}</ref> Herman ya yi imani sosai da rawar da mata ke takawa a al'ada. Labarinta "Die Emanzipation - ein Irrtum?" ('Yanci - kuskure ne?) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Emanzipation ? Ein Irrtum? &#124; Cicero Online |url=http://www.cicero.de/salon/die-emanzipation-%3F-ein-irrtum/22223 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216184715/http://www.cicero.de/salon/die-emanzipation-?-ein-irrtum%2F22223 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |access-date=16 December 2013}}</ref> ta bayyana ra'ayoyinta kan dalilin da yasa yawan haihuwa ke raguwa a Jamus: Herman ta yi imanin cewa ƙungiyar mata ta tilasta wa mata fita daga matsayinsu na asali a cikin iyalai na gargajiya. Fahimtarta game da 'yancin mata ita ce tana kira ga mata su zama kamar maza. Ta ambaci aiki a matsayin siffa ta 'namiji', kuma ta yi gargaɗin cewa duk da cewa mata za su iya neman baiwa a wajen gida cikin matsakaici, yin aiki a wajen gida na tsawon lokaci yana sanya mata cikin haɗarin zama 'maza', don haka ba sa sha'awar fara iyali A shekarar 2007, a wani taron da aka yi niyya don tallata littafinta na biyu ''mai suna Das Prinzip Arche Noah.'' A cikin littafinsa, Herman ya soki ƙungiyar ɗaliban Jamus ta 1968, ''inda'' ya ce "Dokar Jirgin Nuhu ce ta sa muke ceton iyali." Ta yi zargin cewa ƙungiyar ta rage darajar matsayin mata na gargajiya kuma ta yi magana mai kyau game da hoton uwa, ɗabi'un iyali da haɗin kan al'umma a Jamus ta Nazi. <ref>Axel Klingenberg: ''Das wird man ja wohl noch sagen dürfen! Wie Deutschland verblödet.'' A. Reiffer, Meine 2015. {{ISBN|978-3-945715-30-7}}.</ref> A ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2007, an kori Herman daga mukaminta a gidan talabijin na gwamnati Norddeutscher Rundfunk nan take, bayan ta kare kalamanta ga daraktan shirye-shiryenta Volker Herres. A watan Agusta na shekara ta 2015, Herman ya buga wata ka'ida ta makirci wadda ta yi iƙirarin cewa "mutane masu ƙarfi a ɓangaren kuɗi" ne suka shirya rikicin 'yan ci-rani na Turai don kawar da fararen fata da Kiristoci na Turai kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa [[September 11 attacks|hare-haren 11 ga Satumba]] ƙarya ne . A ranar 20 ga watan Afrilu a shekara ta 2016, an same Herman da laifin kauce wa biyan harajin shiga na Yuro dubu 40,000 a shekarar 2010. An umarce ta da ta biya tarar da aka rage mata na Yuro dubu 5,400, domin ta riga ta biya bashin da ke kanta. ==Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] kukoycf110xiqljqu6y5mysvrh9z13b 0 164329 905151 902402 2026-08-20T18:08:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eva Maria Mudrich''' (13 Yuli 1927 - 6 Disamba 2006) 'yar jarida ce kuma marubuciya 'yar ƙasar Jamus, asalinta daga [[Berlin]] . Bayan ta ƙaura zuwa yammacin ƙasar a shekarar 1959, ta shahara sosai a matsayin marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na rediyo, inda ta mayar da hankali kan almarar kimiyya, daga baya kuma ta faɗaɗa iyawarta ta haɗa da wasan kwaikwayo na laifuka. <ref name="EMMlautRJ"/> <ref name="EMMlautKK"/> <ref name="EMMlautMM">{{Cite web |last=Michael Matzer |date=14 March 2020 |title=Eva Maria Mudrich – Das Glück von Ferida (book review) .... Die Autorin |url=http://buchwurm.org/mudrich-eva-maria-glueck-von-ferida-das-18768/ |access-date=22 August 2020 |publisher=Andreas Jur, Porta Westfalica i.A. "Buchwurm Info"}}</ref> Majiyoyi na iya kuma gane ta, ta amfani da sunan barkwancinta da aka daɗe ana amfani da shi, a matsayin "Maren Offenburg". <ref name="EMMlautRJ"/> == Rayuwa da ayyuka == Eva Maria Ehrhard an haife shi a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="EMMlautKK"/> Ba ta cika shekara 18 ba lokacin da Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya ƙare, kuma ta fara aikinta na farko, inda da farko ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aikin ɗalibi a jaridar Berlin da ke wallafa labarai a kullum. A nan ne ta haɗu da Heinz Mudrich (1925–2016) wanda daga baya ta auri. A cewar Mudrich, "haɗuwar walƙiya ce da ta ɗauki shekaru sittin". <ref name="EMMlautKK" /> A shekarar 1950 ta ci gaba da yin aikin sa kai a gidajen rediyo daban-daban, tana mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye ga makarantu, yara da matasa da kuma "batutuwan mata". <ref name="EMMlautWDR">{{Cite web |date=5 July 1986 |title=Eva Maria Mudrich .... Probelauf |url=http://hoerspiele.dra.de/vollinfo.php?dukey=1372650&vi=135&SID |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=Originalhörspiel, Kriminalhörspiel |publisher=Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv in Frankfurt am Main (Westdeutscher Rundfunk)}}</ref> A shekarar 1959, Heinz da Eva Maria Mudrich sun yi aure. An haifi ɗansu, mai buga piano na jazz [[:de:Christoph Mudrich|Christoph Mudrich]] (1960–2019), a shekara mai zuwa. A halin yanzu, Heinz Mudrich ya karɓi sabon aiki a matsayin Editan Fasaha tare da Saarbrücker Zeitung wanda ke nufin barin Berlin ya zauna a Saarbrücken, inda bayanan kafofin watsa labarai da Eva ta gina ta hanyar aikin rediyonta mai nisan kilomita 700, a yankin Berlin, ba su da yawa. <ref name="EMMlautKK">{{Cite web |last=Kerstin Krämer |date=28 May 2014 |title=Eine große (hierzulande) Unbekannte |url=https://www.saarbruecker-zeitung.de/eine-grosse-hierzulande-unbekannte_aid-1183639 |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=Saarbrücken Sie war bundesweit eine der wichtigsten Hörspiel-Autorinnen, auch wenn das in ihrer Wahlheimat Saarland viele nicht wussten. Am Montag haben der Mann und der Sohn von Eva Maria Mudrich (1927-2006) ihr eine Hommage in Saarbrücken gewidmet. |publisher=Saarbrücker Zeitung, Verlag und Druckerei GmbH}}</ref> A lokacin da take a Berlin, a shekarun 1950, tana amfani da sunan "Maren Offenburg", ta rubuta wasu labaran soyayya masu sauƙi waɗanda [[:de:Boje Verlag|Boje Verlag]] ya buga. Masu sauraron da aka yi niyya sune 'yan mata matasa da 'yan mata, kuma sun zo da lakabi kamar "Eine Mücke im Eden" (1955 - ''"A midget in Eden"'' ), " ''Du bis nicht allein" (1956 - "Ba ku kadai ba"'' ) da "Susanne über ''den Wolken (1955 - "Susanne bisa ga girgije)"'' <ref name="EMMlautRJ">{{Cite web |title=Mudrich, Eva Maria |url=http://www.krimilexikon.de/mudrich.htm |access-date=22 August 2020 |website=Lexikon der deutschen Krimi-Autoren - seit 1986 im Dienste des Verbrechens.... |publisher=Reinhard Jahn, [[Essen]]}}</ref> . A shekarar 1970, wato shekarar da ɗanta ya yi bikin cika shekaru goma da haihuwa, Mudrich ya fara rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo na rediyo. Farkon ayyukanta da aka shirya, "Das Experiment", ya zama tushen shirye-shiryen rediyo guda huɗu tsakanin 1970 da 1972 (uku kawai aka watsa): wani gyara da aka buga ya bayyana shekaru kaɗan bayan haka. <ref name="Experiment">{{Cite web |date=21 June 1972 |title=Eva Maria Mudrich: Das Experiment |url=http://hoerspiele.dra.de/vollinfo.php?tipp=1&dukey=4932504 |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=Technische Realisierung: Erich Streck |publisher=Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv in Frankfurt am Main (ARD Hörspieldatenbank)}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, Westdeutscher Rundfunk (mai watsa shirye-shirye na ƙasa) da ke [[Köln|Cologne]] ta shirya gasa don wasannin kwaikwayo na rediyo na almara na kimiyya, an bayyana cewa, don ƙarfafa sabon ƙarni na marubutan Jamus. <ref name="EMMlautRJ"/> Mudrich yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka lashe kyaututtuka huɗu tare da "Das Glück von Ferida" ( ''wanda aka fi sani da "The Good Fortune of Ferida"'' ) wanda ya fara fitowa a ranar 21 ga Mayu 1973. Wannan ya kai ga kwamiti kai tsaye don samar da ƙarin wasannin rediyo guda 20. <ref name="WettbwerblautHB">{{Cite web |last=Helmut Barthel (compiler) |date=5 January 2007 |title=Science Fiction-Hörspiele - Geschichte, Wissenswertes über die Herstellung ... |url=http://www.schattenblick.de/infopool/bildkult/litera/sfakz04.html |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=Ein Blick auf die Geschichte des Science Fiction-Hörspiels (dem hoffentlich nur eine Wende und nicht das Ende droht) hat das Schattenblick SF-Journal dazu veranlaßt, ein lautes Wort für diese kleine Sonderabteilung des Genres einzulegen. |publisher=Elektronische Zeitung Schattenblick, Stelle-Wittenwurth |issn=2190-6963 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan haka, an sake samun ƙarin wasannin kwaikwayo na rediyo na almara na kimiyya, galibi don [[:de:Horst Krautkrämer|Horst Krautkrämer]] a ɗakin rediyon [[:de:Süddeutscher Rundfunk|SDR]] da ke Heidelberg, tare da jerin wasannin kwaikwayo na laifuka, waɗanda aka shirya galibi don WDR . <ref name="WettbwerblautHB" /> Akwai kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na rediyo sama da 100, waɗanda yawancinsu an rubuta su ne don Deutsche Welle, kuma da yawa daga cikinsu an yi su ne da sassauƙa na ayyukanta na baya. <ref name="EMMlautKK"/> A shekarar 1993 ta lashe [[:de:Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis#Bestes_Hörspiel|kyautar Kurd Laßwitz Best Radio Play ta]] kimiyya tare da "Sommernachtstraum" ( ''a takaice, "Midsummer Night's Dream"'' ). <ref name="Preistraegerin">{{Cite web |title=Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis |url=http://www.kurd-lasswitz-preis.de/1993/KLP_1993_Hoerspiel.htm |access-date=23 August 2020 |website=Bestes deutschspragiges Hörspiel zur SF mit Erstsendung von 1992 |publisher=Udo Klotz als Treuhändler}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1927]] t4aq8g51qk4xgpq8gs96izskhjoj2uo 0 164544 905281 904108 2026-08-20T20:47:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:View_of_Tillamook_Fire,_Oregon_from_airplane_-_NARA_-_299308.jpg|right|thumb|Ra'ayi na daya daga cikin gobarar Tillamook Burn a watan Agustan 1933]] '''Firestorm''' wata babbar gobarar da ta bazu sosai ce wadda ta kai wani mataki na ƙarfi har ta samar da kuma ci gaba da riƙe nata tsarin iska. Yawanci al’amari ne na halitta, wanda ke faruwa a lokacin wasu daga cikin manyan gobarar daji da gobarar daji. Ko da yake an yi amfani da kalmar wajen bayyana wasu manyan gobara,<ref>{{Cite book|title=Fire following earthquake|date=2005|publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers|isbn=978-0-7844-0739-4|editor-last=Scawthorn|editor-first=Charles|series=Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering monograph|location=Reston, VA|page=68}}</ref>abin da ya fi bayyana wannan al’amari shi ne gobarar da ke da nata iskar mai ƙarfi irin ta guguwar iska, wadda ke kadawa daga kowane ɓangare na alkibla zuwa tsakiyar guguwar, inda iska ke ɗumama sannan ta haura sama.<ref>Alexander Mckee's ''Dresden 1945: The Devil's Tinderbox''</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Problems of Fire in Nuclear Warfare (1961) |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD673703&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218040912/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD673703&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2013 |access-date=11 May 2016 |website=Dtic.mil |quotation=A fire storm is characterized by strong to gale force winds blowing toward the fire everywhere around the fire perimeter and results from the rising column of hot gases over an intense, mass fire drawing in the cool air from the periphery. These winds blow the fire brands into the burning area and tend to cool the unignited fuel outside so that ignition by radiated heat is more difficult, thus limiting fire spread.}}</ref> Gobarar daji ta Black Saturday, gobarar daji ta British Columbia ta shekarar 2021, da babbar gobarar Peshtigo suna daga cikin misalan da za a iya danganta su da gobarar daji inda wani ɓangare na ƙonewar ya faru sakamakon '''firestorm''', haka ma babbar gobarar Hinckley. Haka kuma, '''firestorm''' ta taɓa faruwa a birane, yawanci sakamakon amfani da abubuwan fashewa da aka nufa kai tsaye, kamar hare-haren jefa bama-bamai masu haddasa gobara a Hamburg, Dresden, da Tokyo, da kuma jefa bam ɗin atomic a Hiroshima. == Hanyar aiki == [[Fayil:Firestorm_thermal_column.svg|right|thumb|Tsarin guguwar wuta: (1) wuta, (2) updraft, (3) iska mai ƙarfi, (A) girgije na pyrocumulonimbus]] [[Fayil:Pyrocumulonimbus_cloud_over_Hiroshima,_near_local_noon._Aug_6_1945.jpg|right|thumb|Guguwar wuta bayan fashewar bam a Hiroshima]] Ana samar da '''firestorm''' ne sakamakon stack effect, inda zafin gobarar farko ke jawo ƙarin iska daga kewayen wurin. Wannan shigar iska na iya ƙaruwa cikin sauri idan akwai jet stream mai ƙarancin tsayi a saman gobarar ko kusa da ita. Yayin da iska mai ɗagawa sama ke ƙara ƙarfi kuma ta bazu kamar naman kaza, iska mai ƙarfi da ke kadawa zuwa cikin gobarar tana tasowa a kewayenta, tana samar mata da ƙarin iska. Wannan yanayin zai iya hana '''firestorm''' ya bazu tare da iska, amma gagarumar rikicewar iska da ke samuwa na iya kuma sa iskar da ke shigowa daga saman ƙasa mai ƙarfi ta sauya alkibla ba tare da tsari ba. '''Firestorm''' da suka samo asali sakamakon jefa bama-bamai a yankunan birane a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, galibi sun kasance a cikin wuraren da aka fara jefawa abubuwan da ke haddasa gobara, kuma gobarar ba ta bazu sosai zuwa wajen waɗannan wuraren ba.<ref name="AD673703 1961, pg 8 & 9">{{Cite web |title=Problems of fire in Nuclear Warfare 1961 |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD673703&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130218040912/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD673703&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |archive-date=18 February 2013 |access-date=2016-05-11 |website=Dtic.mil |pages=8 & 9}}</ref> Guguwar wuta na iya zama mesocyclone kuma ya haifar da guguwa ta gaskiya / wuta. Wannan ya faru ne tare da gobarar Durango ta 2002, <ref name="Denise Gess">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gess|Lutz|2003}}</ref> kuma mai yiwuwa tare da gobara mafi girma na Peshtigo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hemphill |first=Stephanie |date=27 November 2002 |title=Peshtigo: A Tornado of Fire Revisited |url=http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200211/27_hemphills_peshtigofire/ |access-date=22 July 2015 |website=Minnesota Public Radio |quote=The town was at the center of a tornado of flame. The fire was coming from all directions at once, and the winds were roaring at 100 mph.}}</ref>{{Sfn|Weaver|Biko|2002}} Babban tsari na guguwar wuta yana jawo yawan iskar oxygen, wanda ke kara yawan konewa, don haka kuma yana kara yawan samar da zafi. Rashin zafi mai tsanani na guguwar wuta yana bayyana a matsayin zafi mai haske (infrared radiation), wanda zai iya ƙone kayan wuta a nesa a gaban wuta kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=James Killus |date=16 August 2007 |title=Unintentional Irony: Firestorms |url=http://unintentional-irony.blogspot.no/2007/08/firestorms.html |access-date=11 May 2016 |website=Unintentional-irony.blogspot.no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chris Cavanagh |title=Thermal Radiation Damage |url=http://holbert.faculty.asu.edu/eee460/cjc/Thermal_Radiation_Damage.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180316085432/http://holbert.faculty.asu.edu/eee460/cjc/Thermal_Radiation_Damage.html |archive-date=16 March 2018 |access-date=11 May 2016 |website=Holbert.faculty.asu.edu}}</ref>   [daidaitaccen tabbatarwa] Wannan kuma yana aiki don fadada yankin da tsananin guguwar wuta.   [daidaitaccen tabbaci] Rashin ƙarfi, iska mai saurin iska yana shan kayan motsawa cikin wuta kuma kamar yadda aka lura da duk wani mummunan wuta, zafi mai zafi daga wuta na iya narke wasu karafa, gilashi, da kuma juya titin titin zuwa ruwan zafi mai cin wuta. Babban yanayin zafi yana ƙone duk abin da zai iya ƙonewa, har sai guguwar wuta ta ƙare da man fetur. '''Firestorm''' ba ya kunna abubuwan da ke nesa da shi a gaba ta hanya mai muhimmanci; a zahiri, zafin da yake samarwa yana busar da waɗannan abubuwa, yana sa su fi saurin kama da wuta ta hanyar '''tartsatsin wuta''' ko '''ƙananan garwashin wuta da iska ke ɗauka''', wanda hakan ke ƙara saurin bazuwar wuraren da gobara ke kama. A lokacin da '''firestorm''' ke samuwa, gobarori da yawa suna haɗuwa su zama ginshiƙi guda na iska mai zafi da ke ɗagawa daga yankin da ake ci da wuta. Ana kuma samun iska mai ƙarfi da gobarar ta haifar, wadda ke kadawa daga kowane gefe zuwa cikin wannan ginshiƙin iska mai ɗagawa. Saboda haka, '''gaban gobarar''' yakan kasance a kusan wuri guda, yayin da iskar da ke kwarara zuwa cikin gobarar ke hana ta bazuwa zuwa waje.{{sfn|Glasstone|Dolan|1977|pp=299, 300, ¶ 7.58}} == Bayyana guguwar wuta == Guguwar wuta tana da karfi da iska mai karfi da ke busawa zuwa wuta, a ko'ina kusa da iyakar wuta, tasirin da ke haifar da tashiwar ginshiƙi mai zafi a kan wuta mai tsanani, yana jawo iska mai sanyi daga gefen. Wadannan iskõki daga kewayon suna busa alamun wuta a cikin yankin konewa kuma suna sanyaya man fetur da ba a kunna ba a waje da yankin wuta don ƙone kayan da ke waje da kewayon ta hanyar zafi mai zafi da wuta ya fi wuya, don haka iyakance yaduwar wuta.<ref name="AD673703 1961, pg 8 & 9"/> A Hiroshima, an ce wannan gaggawar ciyar da wuta ta hana yankin guguwar wuta daga fadadawa, kuma ta haka ne guguwar ta kasance a yankin birnin da fashewar ta lalata.<ref>{{Cite web |author-link9=Firestorm |date=11 May 2016 |title=Direct Effects of Nuclear Detonations |url=http://dge.stanford.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_28_1/SCOPE_28-1_1.1_Chapter1_1-23.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403192855/http://dge.stanford.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_28_1/SCOPE_28-1_1.1_Chapter1_1-23.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2015 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Dge.stanford.edu}}</ref> [[Fayil:Picture_of_a_pyro-cumulonimbus_taken_from_a_commercial_airliner.jpg|thumb|Hoton pyro-cumulonimbus da aka dauka daga jirgin sama na kasuwanci da ke tafiya a kusan kilomita 10. A shekara ta 2002 kayan aiki daban-daban sun gano abubuwan girgije na pyrocumulonimbus 17 a Arewacin Amurka kadai.<ref name="NASA Fire-Breathing">{{Cite web |last=Michael Finneran |date=October 19, 2010 |title=Fire-Breathing Storm Systems |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824082109/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html |archive-date=24 August 2014 |access-date=2016-05-11 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>]] Manyan gobarar daji da suka bazu sosai (conflagrations) sun bambanta da '''firestorm''' idan suna da gaban gobara mai motsi wanda iskar da ke kewaye ke tura shi, kuma ba sa samar da nasu tsarin iska kamar yadda ainihin '''firestorm''' ke yi. (Wannan ba yana nufin cewa '''firestorm''' dole ne ya kasance a wuri guda ba; kamar kowace irin guguwa mai ɗagawa, zagayawar iskar na iya bin bambancin matsin iska da iskoki na kewayen wurin, idan hakan ya kai ta zuwa sabbin abubuwan da za su iya kama da wuta.) Bugu da ƙari, babbar gobara da ba '''firestorm''' ba na iya samo asali daga wuri guda da wuta ta fara, yayin da '''firestorm''' aka taɓa lura da samuwarta ne kawai a wuraren da gobarori masu yawa ke ci lokaci guda a wani yanki mai faɗi sosai.[13] Amma akwai wani muhimmin sharadi: yawan gobarorin da ke ci lokaci guda dole ne ya kai wani mataki na musamman kafin '''firestorm''' ta samu. Misali mai bayyana hakan shi ne gobarar man fetur ta Kuwait ta shekarar 1991, inda gobarori masu yawa suka ci lokaci guda a wani babban yanki, amma '''firestorm''' ba ta samu ba saboda tazarar da ke tsakanin gobarar ɗaya da ɗaya ta yi yawa.{{Sfn|Glasstone|Dolan|1977}} Babban yanayin zafi a cikin yankin hadari yana ƙone mafi yawan duk abin da zai iya ƙonewa, har sai an kai wani wuri, wato, a kan raguwa a kan man fetur, wanda ke faruwa bayan hadari ya cinye yawancin man fetur da ke cikin yankin hadarin wuta cewa yawan man fetur wanda ake buƙata don tsarin iskar hadari ya sauka ƙasa da matakin ƙofar, a wannan lokacin da hadari ya fashe cikin ƙarancin wuta. A Ostiraliya, yaduwar itatuwan eucalyptus waɗanda ke da mai a cikin ganye suna haifar da gobarar daji waɗanda aka lura da tsayinsu mai tsayi da wuta mai ƙarfi. Saboda haka gobarar daji ta bayyana a matsayin guguwar wuta fiye da gobarar daji mai sauƙi. Wani lokaci, fitar da iskar gas mai cin wuta daga maras kyau (misali, [[methane]]) yana da irin wannan sakamako. &nbsp;Misali, fashewar methane ta tilasta Wutar Peshtigo.<ref name="Denise Gess">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Gess|Lutz|2003}}</ref>{{Sfn|Kartman|Brown|1971}} === Yanayi da tasirin yanayi === Firestorms zai samar da girgije mai zafi mai zafi na tururi na ruwa wanda zai samar da hadari yayin da ya shiga yanayin sanyi, yana samar da abin da aka sani da girgije na pyrocumulus ("girgije na wuta") ko, idan ya isa, girgije na pyrocumulonimbus ("hadari na wuta"). Misali, ruwan sama mai baƙar fata wanda ya fara faɗuwa kusan minti 20 bayan fashewar Bamai na nukiliya na Hiroshima ya samar da jimlar 5-10 cm na ruwan sama mai cike da baƙar fata a cikin sa'o'i 1-3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atmospheric Processes: Chapter=4 |url=http://globalecology.stanford.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_28_1/SCOPE_28-1_1.4_Chapter4_105-147.pdf |access-date=2016-05-11 |website=Globalecology.stanford.edu |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305112627/http://globalecology.stanford.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_28_1/SCOPE_28-1_1.4_Chapter4_105-147.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> &nbsp;Bugu da ƙari, idan yanayin ya yi daidai, babban pyrocumulus na iya girma cikin pyrocumulonimbus kuma ya samar da walƙiya, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarin wuta. Baya ga gobarar birni da gandun daji, ana iya samar da girgije na pyrocumulus ta hanyar [[Dutsen Volcano|fashewar dutsen wuta]] saboda yawan kayan zafi da aka kafa. A cikin nahiyoyi da duniya, nesa da kusanci kai tsaye na wuta, an gano hadari na gobarar daji wanda ke haifar da abubuwan girgije na pyrocumulonimbus "da mamaki akai-akai" suna haifar da ƙananan tasirin "kayan [[Lokacin hunturu na nukiliya|hunturu na nukiliya]]".<ref name="agu.org">{{Cite journal |last=Fromm |first=M. |last2=Stocks |first2=B. |last3=Servranckx |first3=R. |last4=Lindsey |first4=D. |display-authors=3 |year=2006 |title=Smoke in the Stratosphere: What Wildfires have Taught Us About Nuclear Winter |url=http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm06/fm06-sessions/fm06_U14A.html |journal=[[Eos (journal)|Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union]] |volume=87 |issue=52 Fall Meet. Suppl |pages=Abstract U14A–04 |bibcode=2006AGUFM.U14A..04F |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085234/http://www.agu.org/meetings/fm06/fm06-sessions/fm06_U14A.html |archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="NASA Fire-Breathing">{{Cite web |last=Michael Finneran |date=October 19, 2010 |title=Fire-Breathing Storm Systems |url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140824082109/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html |archive-date=24 August 2014 |access-date=2016-05-11 |publisher=NASA}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMichael_Finneran2010">Michael Finneran (19 October 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140824082109/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html "Fire-Breathing Storm Systems"]. NASA. Archived from [https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pyrocb.html the original] on 24 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fromm |first=M. |last2=Tupper |first2=A. |last3=Rosenfeld |first3=D. |last4=Servranckx |first4=R. |last5=McRae |first5=R. |year=2006 |title=Violent pyro-convective storm devastates Australia's capital and pollutes the stratosphere |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=L05815 |bibcode=2006GeoRL..33.5815F |doi=10.1029/2005GL025161 |s2cid=128709657 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riebeek |first=Holli |date=31 August 2010 |title=Russian Firestorm: Finding a Fire Cloud from Space: Feature Articles |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/PyroClouds/ |access-date=11 May 2016 |website=Earthobservatory.nasa.gov}}</ref> Wadannan suna kama da ƙananan [[Lokacin hunturu na dutsen wuta|hunturu na dutsen wuta]], tare da kowane ƙarin iskar gas ta dutse mai wuta a kara zurfin sanyaya "winter", daga kusan-imperceptible zuwa "[[Shekara Ba tare da bazara ba|shekara ba tare da bazara ba]]". ==== Pyro-cumulonimbus da tasirin yanayi (a cikin gobarar daji) ==== Wani muhimmin bangare amma wanda ba a fahimta sosai game da halayyar gobarar daji shine pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) yanayin guguwar wuta da tasirin su na yanayi. Wadannan an kwatanta su da kyau a cikin binciken Black Asabar da ke ƙasa. "PyroCb" wuta ce da aka fara ko kuma wuta da aka kara tsawa wanda a cikin mafi girman bayyanarsa yana ba da hayaki mai yawa da sauran hayaki masu ƙonewa a cikin ƙananan stratosphere. Yaduwar hayaki da sauran hayaki da aka lura da shi ya san muhimman tasirin yanayi. Bayyanawa kai tsaye na stratospheric aerosols zuwa pyroCbs ya faru ne kawai a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fromm |first=Michael |last2=Lindsey |first2=Daniel T. |last3=Servranckx |first3=René |last4=Yue |first4=Glenn |last5=Trickl |first5=Thomas |last6=Sica |first6=Robert |last7=Doucet |first7=Paul |last8=Godin-Beekmann |first8=Sophie |year=2010 |title=The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=91 |issue=9 |pages=1193–1210 |bibcode=2010BAMS...91.1193F |doi=10.1175/2010bams3004.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Irin wannan matsanancin allurar da tsawa ta yi a baya an yanke hukunci da shi ba zai yiwu ba saboda ana ɗaukar extratropical tropopause a matsayin shingen da ke da ƙarfi ga convection. Jigogi biyu masu maimaitawa sun bunkasa yayin da bincike na pyroCb ya bayyana. Na farko, abubuwan lura da ke tattare da stratospheric aerosol - da sauran yadudduka da aka ruwaito a matsayin aerosol na dutsen wuta yanzu ana iya bayyana su dangane da pyroconvection. Na biyu, abubuwan pyroCb suna faruwa da mamaki akai-akai, kuma suna iya zama wani bangare mai dacewa na gobarar daji da yawa.<ref name=":0"/> A matakin intraseasonal an tabbatar da cewa pyroCbs yana faruwa da mamaki. A shekara ta 2002, akalla 17 pyroCbs sun fashe a Arewacin Amurka kadai. Har yanzu ba a tantance shi ba ne sau da yawa wannan tsari ya faru a cikin gandun daji na Asiya a cikin 2002. Koyaya, yanzu an tabbatar da cewa wannan mafi girman nau'in pyroconvection, tare da mafi yawan pyrocumulus convection, ya bazu kuma ya ci gaba da akalla watanni biyu. Matsayin allurar rigakafi na hayaki na pyroCb shine saman troposphere, kuma wasu daga cikin wadannan guguwa suna gurɓata ƙananan stratosphere. Don haka, sabon godiya ga rawar da matsanancin halayyar gobarar daji da tasirin yanayi yanzu suna zuwa cikin mayar da hankali.<ref name=":0"/> === Black Asabar firestorm (Binciken yanayin Wildfire) === ==== Tarihi ==== Wutar daji ta Black Asabar wasu daga cikin gobarar da ta fi lalacewa a Ostiraliya da ke fadawa ƙarƙashin rukunin "guguwa" saboda mummunan halayyar wuta da alaƙa da martani na yanayi wanda ya faru a lokacin gobarar. Wannan babban taron gobarar daji ya haifar da wasu nau'ikan pyrocumulonimbus masu amfani da wutar lantarki da suka kai kusan kilomita 15. &nbsp;Wadannan fuka-fukan an tabbatar da su da saukin kamuwa da sabon wuta a gaban babban wuta. Sabon gobarar da aka kunna ta wannan walƙiya ta pyrogenic ta kara nuna ra'ayoyin ra'ayi na tasiri tsakanin yanayi da halayyar wuta a ranar Asabar Black da ke da alaƙa da waɗannan matakai na pyroconvective.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dowdy |first=Andrew J. |last2=Fromm |first2=Michael D. |last3=McCarthy |first3=Nicholas |date=2017-07-27 |title=Pyrocumulonimbus lightning and fire ignition on Black Saturday in southeast Australia |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=122 |issue=14 |bibcode=2017JGRD..122.7342D |doi=10.1002/2017jd026577 |issn=2169-8996 |s2cid=134053333}}</ref> == Guguwar wuta ta birni == [[Fayil:Liberty-shall-not-perish-Pennell.jpeg|thumb|Hoton annabci na Liberty na 1918 na Joseph Pennell ya kira hoton hoto na [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] da aka lalata, wanda ya cika da guguwar wuta. A lokacin, makamai da ke akwai ga rundunonin sojan sama daban-daban na duniya ba su da isasshen ƙarfi don samar da irin wannan sakamako.]] Hakanan kimiyyar ƙonewa na iya amfani da tsarin da mutum ya yi kamar birane a lokacin yaƙi ko bala'i. Ana zaton guguwar wuta ta kasance wani ɓangare na tsarin manyan gobarar birane, kamar yadda ya kasance tare da girgizar ƙasa ta Lisbon ta 1755, girgizar ƙasar San Francisco ta 1906 da girgijin ƙasa mai girma na Kantō ta 1923. Guguwar gobara ta gaske tana faruwa akai-akai a cikin gobarar daji ta California, kamar Bala'in gobarar daji na 1991 a Oakland, California, da kuma gobarar Tubbs wuta Oktoba 2017 a Santa Rosa, California. A lokacin Yulin-Agusta 2018 Carr Fire, wani mummunan wuta mai kama da girman da ƙarfi ga guguwar EF-3 ya haifar a lokacin guguwar wuta a Redding, California kuma ya haifar da lalacewar iska kamar guguwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-19 |title=How a weird fire vortex sparked a meteorological mystery |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/12/how-weird-fire-vortex-sparked-meteorological-mystery/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414002209/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/12/how-weird-fire-vortex-sparked-meteorological-mystery/ |archive-date=14 April 2019 |website=www.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref> Wani gobarar daji wanda za'a iya kwatanta shi da guguwar wuta shine Wutar Gidan, wanda a wani lokaci ya yi tafiya a saurin har zuwa kadada 76 a minti daya, ya lalata garin Aljanna, California gaba ɗaya a cikin awanni 24 a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2018.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2018 |title=The California Report: Report Details Injuries to 5 Firefighters in Camp Fire, Compares Blaze's Ferocity to WWII Attack. |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11712473/cal-fire-report-reviews-injuries-to-five-firefighters-in-camp-fire-and-compares-blazes-ferocity-to-ww-ii-attack |access-date=December 17, 2018 |publisher=KQED News}}</ref> Har ila yau, an halicci Firestorm ta hanyar hare-haren bam na yakin duniya na biyu a biranen kamar Hamburg da Dresden . <ref name="Harris-83">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Harris|2005}}</ref> &nbsp;Daga cikin makaman nukiliya guda biyu da aka yi amfani da su a yaƙi, Hiroshima ce kawai ta haifar da guguwar wuta.{{Sfn|American National Fire Protection Association|2005}}Masana gwamnatin Amurka sun yi iƙirarin cewa guguwar wuta ba za ta yiwu ba bayan fashewar nukiliya a cikin birni na zamani, amma ƙungiyar manyan masana 10 kan ilimin yanayi, samar da abinci da tattalin arziki ba su yarda ba. {| class="wikitable" !City / event !Date of the firestorm !Notes |- |Bombing of Hamburg in World War II (Germany)<ref name="Harris-83">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Harris|2005}}</ref> |27 July 1943 |46,000 dead.{{Sfn|Frankland|Webster|1961}} A firestorm area of approximately {{Convert|4.5|sqmi|km2}} was reported at Hamburg.<ref name="dtic.mil">{{Cite web |title=Exploratory Analysis of Fire storms |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0616638 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907203430/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0616638 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |access-date=2016-05-11 |website=Dtic.mil}}</ref> |- |Bombing of Kassel in World War II (Germany) |22 October 1943 |9,000 dead. 24,000 dwellings destroyed. Area burned {{Convert|23|sqmi|km2}}; the percentage of this area which was destroyed by conventional conflagration and that destroyed by firestorm is unspecified. Although a much larger area was destroyed by fire in Kassel than even Tokyo and Hamburg, the city fire caused a smaller less extensive firestorm than that at Hamburg.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Campaign Diary October 1943 |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/oct43.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303235000/http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/oct43.html |archive-date=3 March 2009 |access-date=23 April 2009 |website=Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary}}</ref> |- |Bombing of Darmstadt in World War II (Germany) |11 September 1944 |8,000 dead. Area destroyed by fire {{Convert|4|sqmi|km2}}. Again the percentage of this which was done by firestorm remains unspecified. 20,000 dwellings and one chemical works destroyed and industrial production reduced.<ref name="scribd.com" /> |- |Bombing of Dresden in World War II (Germany)<ref name="Harris-83" /> |13–15 February 1945 |From 22,700 to 25,000 people<ref name="Rolf">{{Citation|journal=Nicole|url-status=Widera}}</ref> were killed. A firestorm area of approximately {{Convert|8|sqmi|km2}} was reported at Dresden.<ref name="dtic.mil" /> The attack was centered on the readily identifiable Ostragehege sports stadium. |- |Bombing of Tokyo in World War II (Japan) |{{Nowrap|9–10 March 1945}} |The firebombing of Tokyo started many fires which converged into a devastating [[Gobara|conflagration]] covering {{Convert|16|sqmi|km2}}. Although often described as a firestorm event,{{Sfn|American National Fire Protection Association|2005}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=David McNeill |date=10 March 2005 |title=The night hell fell from the sky (Korean translation available) |url=http://japanfocus.org/products/details/1581 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205060418/http://japanfocus.org/products/details/1581 |archive-date=5 December 2008 |access-date=7 December 2010 |website=Japan Focus}}</ref> the conflagration did not generate a firestorm as the high prevailing surface winds gusting at {{Convert|17|to|28|mph}} at the time of the fire overrode the fire's ability to form its own wind system. These high winds increased by about 50% the damage done by the incendiary bombs. There were 267,171 buildings destroyed, and between 83,793 and 100,000 killed,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Technical Sergeant Steven Wilson |date=25 February 2010 |title=This month in history: The firebombing of Dresden |url=https://www.ellsworth.af.mil/News/story/id/123192125/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013643/http://www.ellsworth.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123192125 |archive-date=29 September 2011 |access-date=8 August 2011 |website=[[Ellsworth Air Force Base]] |publisher=[[United States Air Force]]}}</ref> making this the most lethal air raid in history, with destruction to life and property greater than that caused by the use of [[Makaman nukiliya|nuclear weapons]] on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Prior to the attack, the city had the highest population density of any industrial city in the world. |- |Bombing of Ube, Yamaguchi in World War II (Japan) |{{Nowrap|1 July 1945}} |A momentary firestorm of about {{Convert|0.5|sqmi|km2}} was reported at Ube, Japan.<ref name="dtic.mil" /> The reports that the Ube bombing produced a firestorm, along with computer modelling,{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2014}} have set one of the four physical conditions which a city fire must meet to have the potential of developing true firestorm effects, as the size of the Ube firestorm is the smallest ever confirmed. Glasstone and Dolan: {{Blockquote|The minimum requirements for a firestorm to develop: no.4 ''A minimum burning area of about {{convert|0.5|sqmi|km2}}''.|Glasstone and Dolan (1977).{{sfn|Glasstone|Dolan|1977|pp=299, 200, ¶ 7.58}}}} |- |Atomic bombing of Hiroshima in World War II (Japan) |6 August 1945 |Firestorm covering {{Convert|4.4|sqmi|km2}}.{{Sfn|McRaney|McGahan|1980}} No estimate can be given of the number of fire deaths, for the fire area was largely within the blast damage region.<ref name="Firestorms. pg 53">{{Cite web |title=Exploratory Analysis of Fire Storms |url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0616638 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120907203430/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=AD0616638 |archive-date=7 September 2012 |access-date=11 May 2016 |website=Dtic.mil}}</ref> |} === Bomba na wuta === [[Fayil:Braunschweig15101944.jpg|thumb|[[Braunschweig]] yana ƙonewa bayan harin bam na sama a 1944. Lura cewa har yanzu ba a samu wani hadari a cikin wannan hoton ba, kamar yadda ake ganin gobara guda daya da ke ƙonewa, kuma ba babbar wuta guda ɗaya ba wacce ke nuna alamar hadari.]] Firebombing wata dabara ce da aka tsara don lalata manufa, gabaɗaya birni, ta hanyar amfani da wuta, wanda na'urorin ƙonewa suka haifar, maimakon daga tasirin fashewar manyan bama-bamai. Irin waɗannan hare-haren galibi suna amfani da na'urorin konewa da manyan fashewa. Babban fashewar yana lalata rufin, yana sauƙaƙa ga na'urorin ƙonewa su shiga cikin gine-gine kuma su haifar da wuta. Babban fashewar kuma tana rushe ikon masu kashe gobara don kashe gobarar.<ref name="Harris-83">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Harris|2005}}</ref> Kodayake an yi amfani da bama-bamai masu cin wuta don lalata gine-gine tun farkon yakin gunpowder, Yaƙin Duniya na II ya ga amfani na farko na dabarun bama-bomb daga iska don lalata ikon abokan gaba na yin yaƙi. &nbsp;[[The Blitz|Blitz]]" id="mwAd4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="London Blitz">Landan, Coventry, da sauran biranen Burtaniya da yawa sun kone a lokacin Blitz. Yawancin manyan biranen Jamus sun kasance da wuta sosai tun daga 1942, kuma kusan dukkanin manyan biranen Japan sun kasance da gobara a cikin watanni shida da suka gabata na yakin duniya na biyu. &nbsp;Kamar yadda Sir Arthur Harris, jami'in da ke jagorantar RAF Bomber Command daga 1942 har zuwa karshen yakin a Turai, ya nuna a cikin bincikensa na bayan yakin, kodayake an yi ƙoƙari da yawa don ƙirƙirar ƙonewar da aka yi da gangan a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, 'yan ƙoƙari kaɗan ne suka yi nasara:&nbsp; {{Blockquote|"The Germans again and again missed their chance, ...of setting our cities ablaze by a concentrated attack. Coventry was adequately concentrated in point of space, but all the same there was little concentration in point of time, and nothing like the fire tornadoes of Hamburg or Dresden ever occurred in this country. But they did do us enough damage to teach us the principle of concentration, the principle of starting so many fires at the same time that no fire fighting services, however efficiently and quickly they were reinforced by the fire brigades of other towns could get them under control."|Arthur Harris|<ref name="Harris-83" />}} === Biranen ƙarni na 21 idan aka kwatanta da biranen Yaƙin Duniya na II === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0 1em 1em 2em; float:right;" |+ align="bottom" style="caption-side:bottom; text-align:left; font-weight:normal;" |Tebur na Sojojin Sama na Amurka wanda ke nuna jimlar adadin bama-bamai da Allies suka jefa a manyan birane bakwai na Jamus a duk lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. !Birni !Yawan jama'a a cikin 1939 !Girman Amurka !Girman Burtaniya !Jimlar tonnage |- |[[Berlin]] |4,339,000 |22,090 |45,517 |67,607 |- |[[Hamburg]] |1,129,000 |17,104 |22,583 |39,687 |- |[[München|Munich]] |841,000 |11,471 |7,858 |19,329 |- |[[Köln|Cologne]] |772,000 |10,211 |34,712 |44,923 |- |[[Leipzig]] |707,000 |5,410 |6,206 |11,616 |- |[[Essen]] |667,000 |1,518 |36,420 |37,938 |- |[[Dresden]] |642,000 |4,441 |2,659 |7,100 |} == Makaman nukiliya idan aka kwatanta da makamai na al'ada == Sakamakon fashewar nukiliya ba ya gabatar da wani fasalin musamman. A ka'idar, ana iya samun sakamako iri ɗaya game da lalacewar rayuwa da dukiya ta hanyar amfani da bama-bamai masu fashewa da fashewa.{{Sfn|Glasstone|Dolan|1977}}An kiyasta, alal misali, cewa irin wannan gobarar da aka samu a Hiroshima ta hanyar bam din nukiliya guda 16 daga B-29 guda ɗaya na iya samar da kimanin tan 1,200 / 1.2 kilotons na bama-bamai masu cin wuta daga 220 B-29s da aka rarraba a kan birnin; ga Nagasaki, bam din nukliya guda 21 kiloton da aka jefa a kan birnin na iya kimantawa da tan 1,200 na bama-mamai masu cin abinci daga 125 B-29s.{{Sfn|Glasstone|Dolan|1977}}<ref name="here">{{Cite book|last=Franklin D'Olier}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2005 |title=United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report |url=http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/WWII/USSBS_Summary.html |access-date=2016-05-11 |website=Marshall.csu.edu.au}}</ref> Yana iya zama kamar ba daidai ba ne cewa adadin lalacewar wuta da makamin nukiliya ya haifar zai iya haifar da ƙaramin jimlar dubban bama-bamai masu cin wuta; duk da haka, kwarewar yakin duniya na biyu ta goyi bayan wannan ikirarin. Misali, kodayake ba cikakkiyar kwayar birnin Hiroshima ba ce a cikin 1945, a cikin fashewar bam na al'ada na Dresden, hadin gwiwar Royal Air Force (RAF) da Sojojin Sama na Amurka (USAAF) sun sauke jimlar tan 3441.3 (kimanin 3.4 ) na (kimani rabin su bama-bamai ne masu cin wuta) a daren 13-14 Fabrairu 1945, kuma wannan ya haifar da "fiye da murabba'in mil 2.5 (6.5 ) na birnin da wuta da wuta da hadari mai iko kamar yadda aka lalata bisa ga wani tushe na iko (21 km2).<ref name="dtic.mil"/><gallery mode="packed" heights="200px"> Fayil:AtomicEffects-Hiroshima.jpg|Hiroshima after the bombing and firestorm. Fayil:Firebombing_of_Tokyo.jpg|Wind blowing the smoke plume inland during the 26 May 1945 firebombing raid on Tokyo Fayil:Hiroshima_aftermath.jpg|Hiroshima aftermath. Despite a true firestorm developing, reinforced concrete buildings, as in Tokyo, similarly remained standing. Signed by the Enola Gay pilot, Paul W. Tibbets. Fayil:Tokyo_1945-3-10-1.jpg|This Tokyo residential section was virtually destroyed. All that remained standing were concrete buildings in this photograph. </gallery> == Dubi kuma == * Rashin aiki (lokacin yaƙi) * Rashin farar hula na fashewar bama-bamai * Wutar wuta * Wutar daji * Tsarin gobarar daji === Hadarin da zai yiwu === Sau da yawa ana bayyana wasu sassan gobarar da ke biyowa a matsayin firestorms, amma ba a tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar amintaccen nassoshi ba: * Babban Wutar Roma (64 AD) * Babban Wutar Landan (1666) * Babban Wutar Chicago (1871) * Girgizar kasa ta San Francisco (1906) * Babban girgizar kasa ta Kantō (1923) * Ƙonewar Tillamook (1933-1951) * Babban Wutar Landan ta Biyu (1940) * Wutar daji ta Laraba (1983) * [[Wutar Yellowstone ta 1988|Wutar Yellowstone]] (1988) * Wutar daji ta Canberra (2003) * Wutar Gidan shakatawa na Okanagan (2003) * Wutar daji ta Fort McMurray (2016) * Predrógâo Babban gobarar daji (2017) * Carr Fire (2018) * 2023 Wutar daji ta Maui (2023) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fpyknq62fpyw3em7nrd7r55h1sxqzx1 0 164612 905026 903636 2026-08-20T12:21:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dorothea Maetzel-Johannsen''' (6 ga Fabrairu 1886 - 8 ga Fabrairu 1930) ƙwararren mai zane ne na Jamus. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Dorothea Johannsen a Lensahn . Ta je makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta 'yan mata [[Hamburg|ta Hamburg]]. Ta kasance malamar makaranta a Schleswig har zuwa shekarar 1910 lokacin da ta auri mai zane-zane na Hamburg kuma mai zane-zane [[:de:Emil Maetzel|na Emil Maetzel]]. A matsayinta na matar aure, ba a sake ba ta izinin yin aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta a Daular Wilhelminian ba, kuma dole ta bar aikin. Ta haifi 'ya'ya huɗu: Ruth 1911, Bogumil 1913, Peter 1915, da kuma Monika 1917. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dorothea Maetzel-Johannsen |url=http://www.kuenstlerhaus-maetzel.de/pages/dorothea01.html |access-date=21 September 2015 |publisher=Kuenstlerhaus Maetzel |archive-date=9 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209025441/http://kuenstlerhaus-maetzel.de/pages/dorothea01.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Maetzel-Johannsen ta mutu a Hamburg a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1930, tana da shekaru 44 bayan an yi mata tiyata don raunin zuciya. Dutsen kabari na Dorothea Maetzel-Johannsen da mijinta yana cikin makabartar Ohlsdorf, Planquadrat S 12 (kusa da Chapel 1). == Sana'a == Tsakanin 1911 da 1918 Maetzel-Johannsen ta yi tafiya akai-akai zuwa [[Berlin]] . A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ta ɗauki darasi daga Lovis Corinth . Bayan yaƙin, tare da mijinta, Maetzel-Johannsen tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar 'yantar da birnin Hamburg. A shekarar 1921, Maetzel-Johannsen ta koma ɗakinta da ke Hamburg. A nan an yi ayyuka, inda ta ƙara jaddada tasirin saman zane-zanen. A lokaci guda kuma tana damuwa da Sabuwar Ma'anar, wadda ta fara yaɗuwa a ko'ina cikin Jamus a tsakiyar shekarun 1920. A shekarar 1923 ta ba da umarnin yin zane-zanen bango a Kunsthalle Hamburg . A shekarar 1925 ta zauna a [[Faris|Paris]] da Chartres na tsawon watanni shida. A Faransa, ta ɗauki sabbin dabaru daban-daban don aikinta a Jamus, waɗanda ya kamata a yi amfani da su a cikin shekaru biyar na ƙarshe na aikinta. A shekarar 1930, Maetzel-Johannsen ta yi aiki a kan wani tsari da aka tsara don zanen rufi a cikin Hamburg Planetarium, amma ta mutu kafin a aiwatar da zane. == Nune - Nune == * Nunin haɗin gwiwa na 1926 tare da mai sassaka Friedrich Wield, Hamburger Kunsthalle * 1958 "Emil Maetzel - Dorothea Maetzel-Johannsen", Kunstverein Hamburg * Nunin al'umma na 2016. Tausayi da kuma rashin fahimta. Zamanin Mata a Jamus; Bielefeld Arts Hall == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:DMJ_BILDER_1B.jpg| ''Sitzender weiblicher Akt'', 1913 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1918.1.jpg| ''Drei Mädchen am Wasser'', 1918 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1919.1.jpg| ''Zwei Weibliche Akte'', 1919 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1919.2.jpg| ''Das kranke Mädchen'', 1919 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1919.3.jpg|alt=Knabe mit rotem Ball, 1919| ''Kwallon Knabe mai kama da rotem'', 1919 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1919.4.jpg| ''Schwertlilien und Kultgefäß'', 1919 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1920.2.jpg| ''Annemarie'', 1920 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1921.2.jpg| ''Zwei Mädchen mit Tulpe'', 1921 Fayil:DMaetzelJ_WV_58.jpg| ''Dachfenster'', 1922 Fayil:Maetzeljohannsen-1922.jpg| ''Maetzeljohannsen'', 1922 Fayil:DMaetzelJ_WV_62.jpg| ''Näherin'', 1923 Fayil:Maetzel-Johannsen_1925.1.jpg|alt=Interieur mit weiblichen Akten, 1925| ''Interieur mit Weiblichen Akten'', 1925 Fayil:DMaetzelJ_PARIS.jpg| ''Paris, Pont Neuf'', 1925 Fayil:DMaetzelJ_WV_163.jpg| ''Sommerstrauß'', 1927 Fayil:DMaetzelJ_WV_219.jpg| ''Visby – Gelbe Bäume'', 1929 </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] jnivurappc3n3dvhq88e2e7jak8frtm 0 164701 905569 904113 2026-08-21T11:08:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Hermine_Overbeck-Rohte.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Hermine Overbeck-Rohte<br /><br /><br /><br /> (ba a san ranar ba)]] '''Hermine Overbeck-Rohte''' (a ranar 24 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1869, Walsrode zuwa 29 ga watan Yulin shekara 1937, [[Bremen]]) ta kasance mai zane-zane ta Jamus. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin masana'antun fata. Ta bayyana sha'awarta ta zama mai zane tun farko kuma ta sami wasu darussa, amma bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1881, an tura ta wurin wata babbar 'yar'uwa a Itzehoe don koyon aikin gida. Daga baya, ta yi karatun aikin jinya a [[Hanover|Hannover]], amma ta ci gaba da ɗaukar darussan fasaha. Mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri, {{Interlanguage link|Paul Koken|de}}, ta ba ta shawara ta yi karatu a Munich, amma ta bi sha'awar iyalinta ta zama malamar gidan wani farfesa a [[Göttingen]].<ref>Brief biography Archived 2016-03-09 at the Wayback Machine @ Bremer Frauenmuseum.</ref> A shekarar 1892, ta yanke shawarar yin karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Mata da ke Munich, inda ta halarci baje kolin shekara-shekara. Bayan ganin ayyukan Fritz Overbeck a wani baje koli a Munich Glaspalast, ita da wata kawarta sun je yankin da masu fasaha ke zaune a Worpswede don ɗaukar darussa daga gare shi. A watan Oktoba, 1896, ita da Overbeck suka yi aure. An yi musu aure a shekara mai zuwa. A shekara ta 1904, an gano tana da [[tarin fuka]] kuma ta ga yana da wahalar fenti, don haka Fritz ya ƙera wani easel na musamman wanda ya ba ta damar yin aiki a kwance. A shekarar 1905 suka ƙaura zuwa Vegesack (wanda yanzu ɓangare ne na [[Bremen]] ). Daga shekarar 1908 zuwa 1909, yanayinta ya tsananta kuma dole ta zauna a wani wurin kula da marasa lafiya da ke Davos . Jim kaɗan bayan an sake ta, Fritz ta mutu ba zato ba tsammani sakamakon bugun jini, tana da shekaru 39 kacal. Bayan haka, ta sadaukar da lokacinta wajen kiyaye gadonsa, kuma ba ta yi masa fenti sosai ba. Hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da ta biyo bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ya bar ta cikin mawuyacin hali na kuɗi, wanda ya tilasta mata yin hayar ɗakuna a gidan iyayenta. Daga baya, ta sami kuɗi tana yin zane-zane. Ta mutu a shekarar 1937 sakamakon hatsarin mota.<ref>Brief biography {{Cite web |url=http://www.bremer-frauenmuseum.de/frauenhandbuch/Overbeck.html |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2026-08-19 |archive-date=2016-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309165305/http://www.bremer-frauenmuseum.de/frauenhandbuch/Overbeck.html |url-status=dead }} @ Bremer Frauenmuseum.</ref> [[Fayil:Trocknende_Wäsche_by_Hermine_Overbeck-Rohte.jpg|thumb|325x325px| Busar da Wanki]] A shekarar 1990, jikarta, Gertrud, ta kafa gidauniyar "Fritz und Hermine Overbeck Foundation". A shekara mai zuwa, an ba wa ayyukanta nunin farko na su kaɗai a lokacin da suke so su yi ta kansu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1869]] f38m0ixn8zrecqi8ehb72t4k597otxj 0 164732 905571 904275 2026-08-21T11:13:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hermione von Preuschen''' ( daga shekara ta 1854 zuwa shekara ta 1918) wani mai zane ne kuma marubuciya 'yar ƙasar Jamus. Ana kuma kiran ta da sunayen '''Erminia Preuschen''', '''Hermine von Preuschen''', da '''Hermine Preuschen''' . Ta yi aiki tsawon shekaru da yawa a Italiya, amma kuma ta yi tafiye-tafiye masu tsawo da yawa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Preuschen a ranar 7 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta 1854 a Darmstadt. <ref name="Gutenberg">{{Cite web |title=Hermione von Preuschen Leben und Werk |url=http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autor/hermione-von-preuschen-467 |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Projekt Gutenberg |language=de-DE}}</ref> Daga shekara ta 1869 zuwa shekara ta 1871 ta yi karatun zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Karlsruhe tare da Hans Gude da Ferdinand Keller . <ref name="Berlin-Woman">{{Cite web |date=29 October 2013 |title=Hermione von Preuschen |url=http://berlin-woman.de/index.php/2013/10/29/berlin-women-hermione-von-preuschen/ |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Berlin-Woman |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ta kasance mazaunin [[Rum|Roma]] tsawon shekaru da yawa, tana zana rayuwar 'ya'yan itatuwa da furanni. A shekarar 1883 a Roma, ta nuna ''Risposta'', wanda ke nuna ƙaya; ''A cikin autunno'', wanda ke nuna 'ya'yan itace; da kuma ''Dimanda'', wani nazarin carnations. A shekarar 1884 a Turin, ta nuna ''Evoè, Barche!'' A cikin a shekara ta 1887 hotonta na ''Mors Imperator'' ya ki amincewa da Kunstausstellung na Berliner (Bainikin fasaha na Berlin). <ref name="Gutenberg"/> Daga baya ta nuna hoton da kanta, bayan ta yi hayar gidan cin abinci don wannan dalili. <ref name="Mathilde Frauenzeitung">{{Cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Agnes |title=Eine mutige Darmstädterin |url=https://www.mathilde-frauenzeitung.de/archiv(1)/072-10hermione.html |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Mathilde Frauenzeitung |language=de |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201051336/https://www.mathilde-frauenzeitung.de/archiv(1)/072-10hermione.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hoton ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce saboda ana tsammanin yana nuni ne ga Kaiser Wilhelm I, wanda ya tsufa sosai a wancan lokacin. <ref name="Lichtenrade-Berlin">{{Cite web |last=Moser |first=Thomas |title=Hermione von Preuschen |url=https://www.lichtenrade-berlin.de/persoenlichkeiten/kuenstler/persoenlichkeiten-hermione-von-preuschen |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Lichtenrade-Berlin |language=de-de}}</ref> [[Fayil:Hermione_von_Preuschen_-_Mors_imperator,_1887.jpg|thumb| ''Mors imperator'' na Hermione von Preuschen, 1887]] Ta baje kolin ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#preuschen |access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> Littattafan Preuschen sun haɗa da ''Via passionis: Lebenslieder'', ''Yoshiwara, vom Freudenhaus des Lebens'' <ref name="Internet Archive">{{Cite web |title=Preuschen, Hermione von |url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20von%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20v%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20H%2E%20v%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hermione%20von%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hermione%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22H%2E%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Hermione%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hermione%20von%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hermione%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22H%2E%20von%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20von%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20v%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20H%2E%20v%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20H%2E%20von%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Hermione%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hermione%20von%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hermione%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20title%3A%22H%2E%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Hermione%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hermione%20von%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hermione%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20description%3A%22H%2E%20v%2E%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20von%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%20v%2E%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Hermione%20Preuschen%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Preuschen%2C%20Hermione%22%29%20OR%20%28%221854-1918%22%20AND%20Preuschen%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29 |access-date=30 November 2018 |website=Internet Archive |language=en}}</ref> da ''Durch Glut und Geheimnis'' . <ref name="Mathilde Frauenzeitung"/> An yi wa Preuschen aure sau biyu. A shekarar 1882 ta auri likita, Oswald Schmidt, wanda daga baya ta sake shi. Aurenta na biyu a shekarar 1891 ya kasance ga marubuciya {{Interlanguage link|Konrad Telmann|de}} wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 1897. Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu, Ingeborg da Helga Telmann. <ref name="Gutenberg"/> Preuschen ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1918 a Lichtenrade.<ref name="Gutenberg"/> == Manazarta == ik0u1ciperq68h4du3r1wy5fhh6cw98 0 164767 905564 904419 2026-08-21T10:59:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 905564 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Henriette_hahn-brinckman.jpg|thumb| Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann]] [[Fayil:Henriette_Hahn-Brinckmann_Dansk_Ingefær_1899.jpg|thumb| Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann: ''Dansk Ingefær'' (Ginger Danish) a cikin salon katako na Japan (1933)]] '''Henriette Christine Hahn-Brinckmann''' (1862–1934) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai rubuta lithographer daga ƙasar Denmark. Daga cikin ayyukanta mafi ban sha'awa akwai waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da kayan aikin yanka katako na Japan waɗanda mijinta, mai kula da gidan kayan tarihi Justus Brinckmann, ya kawo [[Hamburg]].<ref name="weilbach">{{Cite web |title=Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann |url=https://www.kulturarv.dk/kid/VisWeilbach.do?kunstnerId=4625&wsektion=alle |access-date=29 May 2017 |publisher=Kunstindeks Danmark & Weilbachs Kunstnerleksikon |language=Danish}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Christine Hahn a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 1862 a [[Kwapanhagan|Copenhagen]], 'yar Heinrich Carl Hahn ce, kyaftin ɗin jirgin ruwa, da Caroline Vilhelmine Nielsen. Ta karanci zane-zane a Makarantar Zartmann, ta ci gaba da karatunta a [[Dresden]] sannan daga baya ta yi karatu a wata makaranta mai zaman kanta a [[Faris|Paris]] (1892–94). A shekarar 1887, ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar fasaha a wata makarantar 'yan mata da ke [[Hamburg]], karkashin jagorancin daraktan gidan kayan tarihi na Jamus kuma masanin tarihin fasaha Justus Brinkmann. Sun yi aure a shekarar 1901. <ref name="weilbach" /> <ref name="af">{{Cite web |title=Biography Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann |url=http://www.artfinding.com/39438/Biography/Hahn-Brinckmann-Henriette |access-date=30 May 2017 |publisher=Art Finding}}</ref> Ayyukan Hahn-Brinckmann sun ƙunshi galibin hotuna a cikin salon Realistic da ta koya a lokacin karatunta. Tun daga shekarar 1894, ta ƙirƙiri adadi mai yawa na sassaka na katako na Art Nouveau . Ta kuma yi aiki a kan zane-zanen yadi da kuma zane-zanen ƙananan zane-zane a kan hauren giwa. Ba ta da himma a matsayin mai fasaha a lokacin da take da aure amma bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekarar 1914, ta ci gaba da aikinta. <ref name="weilbach"/> Daga cikin fitattun ayyukanta akwai zane-zanen katako da aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su daga Japan waɗanda suka haɗa da launuka shida waɗanda ta zana a ƙarshen shekarun 1890. Hahn-Brinckmann ya ƙirƙiro su ta amfani da kayan aikin yanke itace daga Japan, musamman waɗanda Justus Brinkmann ya shigo da su. <ref name="vkm">{{Cite web |title=En præsentation af et udvalg af kvindelige kunstnere fra Vejen Kunstmuseums samling |url=http://www.vejenkunstmuseum.dk/Dansk/kalender/2017/kvindelige_kunstnere |access-date=29 May 2017 |publisher=Vejen Kunstmuseum |language=Danish }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.vejenkunstmuseum.dk/Dansk/kalender/2017/kvindelige_kunstnere "En præsentation af et udvalg af kvindelige kunstnere fra Vejen Kunstmuseums samling"]{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Danish). Vejen Kunstmuseum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)]] {{Dead link|date=November 2025}} [[Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2025]] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore=""><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[Wikipedia:Link rot|<span title=" Dead link tagged November 2025">dead link</span>]]''&#x5D;</span></sup></ref> An baje kolin ayyukan sosai a Hamburg, Dresden, Copenhagen da kuma a bikin baje kolin duniya na Paris na 1900, inda aka ba ta lambar azurfa. <ref name="af"/> Ana iya ganin misalai huɗu na sassaka-yanka na salon Jafananci a Gidan Tarihi na Vejen da ke kudancin Jutland. <ref name="vkm" /> Henriette Hahn-Brinckmann ya mutu a Hamburg-Bergedorf a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1934. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Henriette Christine Hahn |url=https://www.woydt.be/genealogie/g18/g186/1862hahe01.htm |access-date=30 May 2017 |publisher=Woydt.be}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5ljz7xunc8gileezrqnvrffpe1nokfl 0 164918 905023 2026-08-20T12:17:43Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345227693|Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann]]" 905023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann''' (15 ga Janairu 1711 - 11 ga Disamba 1740), wanda aka fi sani da Zäunemännin, mawaki ne na Jamus. Zäunemann ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar misalin Christiana Mariana von Ziegler . Ta zama Poet Laureate na [[Göttingen]] tana da shekara ashirin da hudu. == Manazarta == bo2uhpyn93ml5ans943010wdsersxu6 905024 905023 2026-08-20T12:18:18Z Usman saadu 46863 905024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann''' (15 ga Janairu 1711 - 11 ga Disamba 1740), wanda aka fi sani da Zäunemännin, mawaki ne na Jamus. Zäunemann ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar misalin Christiana Mariana von Ziegler . Ta zama Poet Laureate na [[Göttingen]] tana da shekara ashirin da hudu. == Manazarta == kdf13l2u47d54dfps4sdz0r6l8f51ay 905025 905024 2026-08-20T12:19:23Z Usman saadu 46863 905025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann''' (15 ga Janairu 1711 - 11 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1740), wanda aka fi sani da Zäunemännin, mawaki ne na Jamus. Zäunemann ya yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar misalin Christiana Mariana von Ziegler . Ta zama Poet Laureate na [[Göttingen]] tana da shekara ashirin da hudu. == Manazarta == 4euwm246dm11olnilw62pdcwk9u7n9v 0 164919 905028 2026-08-20T12:37:11Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352711973|Renata Thiele]]" 905028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renata Anna Thiele''' (an haife ta a Zielona Góra) marubuciya ce ta Jamus. An fi saninta da abin da ya fi dacewa game da aikin hajji na Aachen da kayan Salvator a Kornelimünster da ɗaliban da ta fi so a makarantar sakandare, Khang . == Rayuwa == Thiele ta yi karatun Jamusanci a garinsu na Zielona Góra a Poland kuma daga 1988 a cikin binciken bincike a cikin karatun Jamusancin da wallafe-wallafen kwatanta a RWTH Aachen . A yau tana aiki a wurin zama na Aachen a matsayin jagora na yawon shakatawa, mai fassara da malamin harshe.<ref>''Berlin, Waldweg. Wedding Connections.'' Karo Krimi, Berlin 2004, {{ISBN|3-937-881-02-6}} page 153</ref> Tsakanin 1980 da 1987 ta kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Abokan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SSP ONZ) ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya tarurrukan kimiyya kan batutuwan tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa - shekaru biyu a matsayin sakatariyar Hukumar Audit ta kungiyar kuma shekaru biyu a matsayinta na memba na kwamitin. A shekara ta 1988 Kotun Gundumar da ke Zielona Góra ta nada ta a matsayin mai fassara, wanda ya dace da mai fassara. Ta rubuta litattafan bincike, gajerun labaru, labaran tafiye-tafiye da labarai don mujallu da tashoshin intanet a cikin Jamusanci da Yaren mutanen Poland. Yawancin labaranta sun bayyana a cikin mujallar al'adu ta Euregional ''Polregio'' wanda ke samuwa a yankin da ke kusa da Aachen a Belgium, Jamus da Netherlands kuma inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban edita tsakanin 2005 da 2010. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3b68wmbin040im7xfrhulsojyfb67pc 905029 905028 2026-08-20T12:37:31Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Renata Anna Thiele''' (an haife ta a Zielona Góra) marubuciya ce ta Jamus. An fi saninta da abin da ya fi dacewa game da aikin hajji na Aachen da kayan Salvator a Kornelimünster da ɗaliban da ta fi so a makarantar sakandare, Khang . == Rayuwa == Thiele ta yi karatun Jamusanci a garinsu na Zielona Góra a Poland kuma daga 1988 a cikin binciken bincike a cikin karatun Jamusancin da wallafe-wallafen kwatanta a RWTH Aachen . A yau tana aiki a wurin zama na Aachen a matsayin jagora na yawon shakatawa, mai fassara da malamin harshe.<ref>''Berlin, Waldweg. Wedding Connections.'' Karo Krimi, Berlin 2004, {{ISBN|3-937-881-02-6}} page 153</ref> Tsakanin 1980 da 1987 ta kasance a cikin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta Abokan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (SSP ONZ) ta yi aiki a matsayin mai shirya tarurrukan kimiyya kan batutuwan tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa - shekaru biyu a matsayin sakatariyar Hukumar Audit ta kungiyar kuma shekaru biyu a matsayinta na memba na kwamitin. A shekara ta 1988 Kotun Gundumar da ke Zielona Góra ta nada ta a matsayin mai fassara, wanda ya dace da mai fassara. Ta rubuta litattafan bincike, gajerun labaru, labaran tafiye-tafiye da labarai don mujallu da tashoshin intanet a cikin Jamusanci da Yaren mutanen Poland. Yawancin labaranta sun bayyana a cikin mujallar al'adu ta Euregional ''Polregio'' wanda ke samuwa a yankin da ke kusa da Aachen a Belgium, Jamus da Netherlands kuma inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban edita tsakanin 2005 da 2010. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qvedzavcg63ijr2dblfa1xnh4iqsdyv 0 164920 905030 2026-08-20T12:38:42Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1301005734|Annette Thoma]]" 905030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annette Schenk Thoma''' (23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1886 - 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1974) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci, mawaƙa, kuma masanin al'adun gargajiya wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda abubuwan da ta kirkiro '''''Deutsche Bauernmesse''''' (Turanci: Jamusanci Manoma" Mass), taro a cikin Bavarian da ke daidaita waƙoƙin gargajiya. [4]''.'' == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Thoma a Neu-Ulm . Mahaifinta shi ne Lieutenant (daga baya Major General) Albert Schenk . Thoma ta yi karatun Turanci da Faransanci a kasashen waje, sannan ta auri mai zane Emil Thoma Ruwa ta koma Riedering. A can ta sadu kuma ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin gargajiya na Bavaria Paul Kiem a cikin 1930 don yin rikodin kiɗa na gargajiya na gida. Ta rubuta littafi da labarai da yawa game da kiɗa na gargajiya. Thoma ya kirkiro ''Deutsche Bauernmesse'' a 1933, kuma ya rubuta kalmomin Salzburg Advent Singing na farko a 1946. Thoma ta sami lambar yabo ta Bavarian Order of Merit a shekarar 1964, da kuma lambar yabo ta Bayerischer Poetentaler a shekarar 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annette Thoma – Salzburgwiki |url=https://www.sn.at/wiki/Annette_Thoma |access-date=2021-07-25 |website=www.sn.at}}</ref> An rubuta waƙarta Die Kleine Messe (The Little Mass) a kan: * TELEF 6 22 149 AG * EMI 066 32 042 <ref name=":0" /> * DAU PLPS 30 159 <ref name=":0" /> * AVES INT 160 807 <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2020, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Thoma ta Deutsche ''Bauernmesse'' a St. Martin, Moosach . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Legner |first=Katrin |title=Oster_Pfarrbrief_2020 |url=https://st-martin-moosach.de/downloads |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=st-martin-moosach.de |page=14 |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] 14wrpvp0ifqk6hba52mxj2t6z0qgixr 905031 905030 2026-08-20T12:39:08Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Annette Schenk Thoma''' (23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1886 - 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1974) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci, mawaƙa, kuma masanin al'adun gargajiya wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda abubuwan da ta kirkiro '''''Deutsche Bauernmesse''''' (Turanci: Jamusanci Manoma" Mass), taro a cikin Bavarian da ke daidaita waƙoƙin gargajiya. [4]''.'' == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Thoma a Neu-Ulm . Mahaifinta shi ne Lieutenant (daga baya Major General) Albert Schenk . Thoma ta yi karatun Turanci da Faransanci a kasashen waje, sannan ta auri mai zane Emil Thoma Ruwa ta koma Riedering. A can ta sadu kuma ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin gargajiya na Bavaria Paul Kiem a cikin 1930 don yin rikodin kiɗa na gargajiya na gida. Ta rubuta littafi da labarai da yawa game da kiɗa na gargajiya. Thoma ya kirkiro ''Deutsche Bauernmesse'' a 1933, kuma ya rubuta kalmomin Salzburg Advent Singing na farko a 1946. Thoma ta sami lambar yabo ta Bavarian Order of Merit a shekarar 1964, da kuma lambar yabo ta Bayerischer Poetentaler a shekarar 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annette Thoma – Salzburgwiki |url=https://www.sn.at/wiki/Annette_Thoma |access-date=2021-07-25 |website=www.sn.at}}</ref> An rubuta waƙarta Die Kleine Messe (The Little Mass) a kan: * TELEF 6 22 149 AG * EMI 066 32 042 <ref name=":0" /> * DAU PLPS 30 159 <ref name=":0" /> * AVES INT 160 807 <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2020, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Thoma ta Deutsche ''Bauernmesse'' a St. Martin, Moosach . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Legner |first=Katrin |title=Oster_Pfarrbrief_2020 |url=https://st-martin-moosach.de/downloads |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=st-martin-moosach.de |page=14 |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] dx24ss4u19sckeju1pi0arafwgln253 0 164921 905032 2026-08-20T12:41:07Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628031|Elisabeth Augustin]]" 905032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabeth Augustin''' (13 Yuni 1903 - 14 Disamba 2001) marubuciya ce ta [[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-Dutch . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Augustin |url=http://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=augu002 |publisher=Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren |language=nl}}</ref> Yar Eduard Joseph Glaser, Roman Katolika, da Ella Cohn, Bayahude, an haife ta '''Elisabeth Theresia Glaser''' a Friedenau, wani yanki na [[Berlin]], kuma ta girma a [[Leipzig]] da Berlin. Lokacin da take da shekaru 20, tana rubuta waka da gajerun labaru waɗanda aka buga a cikin jaridu na gida. A 1933, ta kammala littafinta na farko ''Der Ausgestoßene'' (The outcast); an yarda da shi don bugawa amma ba a sake shi ba saboda yanayin siyasa a Jamus a lokacin. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta tafi Netherlands. Mijinta, Paul Felix Augustin, ya girma a can kuma ta riga ta yi magana da yaren Dutch.<ref name="amann" /> An buga fassarar littafinta na farko a ƙasar Holland a matsayin ''De uitgestootene'' a shekarar 1935. Ta wallafa wasu littattafai guda uku a cikin harshen Holland kafin shekarar 1938. A shekarar 1938, iyayenta suka bar Jamus don su haɗu da ita a Netherlands. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1942, an tura mahaifiyarta zuwa sansanin kisan gillar Sobibór inda aka kashe ta a cikin ɗakunan mai. Rubutun da ta yi daga baya ya sami rinjaye sosai daga [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]] da Holocaust, duk da cewa Augustin kanta ba ta bi al'adun Yahudawa ko addinin Yahaya ba. Ta wallafa littafin ''Labyrint'' (Dutch) a shekarar 1955. Wani Jamusanci ''Auswege'' ya bayyana a cikin 1988; zai zama littafinta na ƙarshe, kodayake ta ci gaba da samar da shayari, gajerun labaru da wasan rediyo. A shekara ta 1992, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Jacobson saboda aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Augustin |url=http://www.letterkundigmuseum.nl/Literair-centrum/Literaire-prijzen/WriterId/1866/WriterName/Elisabeth%20Augustin/Mode/DetailsWriter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305212059/http://www.letterkundigmuseum.nl/Literair-centrum/Literaire-prijzen/WriterId/1866/WriterName/Elisabeth%20Augustin/Mode/DetailsWriter |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-08-31 |publisher=Nederlands Letterkundig Museum |language=nl}}</ref> Ta mutu a [[Amsterdam]] a shekara ta 2001. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]] ctmspkjx6qa8w3wo77fm97u03l3ests 905033 905032 2026-08-20T12:41:28Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elisabeth Augustin''' (13 Yuni 1903 - 14 Disamba 2001) marubuciya ce ta [[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-Dutch . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Augustin |url=http://www.dbnl.org/auteurs/auteur.php?id=augu002 |publisher=Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren |language=nl}}</ref> Yar Eduard Joseph Glaser, Roman Katolika, da Ella Cohn, Bayahude, an haife ta '''Elisabeth Theresia Glaser''' a Friedenau, wani yanki na [[Berlin]], kuma ta girma a [[Leipzig]] da Berlin. Lokacin da take da shekaru 20, tana rubuta waka da gajerun labaru waɗanda aka buga a cikin jaridu na gida. A 1933, ta kammala littafinta na farko ''Der Ausgestoßene'' (The outcast); an yarda da shi don bugawa amma ba a sake shi ba saboda yanayin siyasa a Jamus a lokacin. Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta tafi Netherlands. Mijinta, Paul Felix Augustin, ya girma a can kuma ta riga ta yi magana da yaren Dutch.<ref name="amann" /> An buga fassarar littafinta na farko a ƙasar Holland a matsayin ''De uitgestootene'' a shekarar 1935. Ta wallafa wasu littattafai guda uku a cikin harshen Holland kafin shekarar 1938. A shekarar 1938, iyayenta suka bar Jamus don su haɗu da ita a Netherlands. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1942, an tura mahaifiyarta zuwa sansanin kisan gillar Sobibór inda aka kashe ta a cikin ɗakunan mai. Rubutun da ta yi daga baya ya sami rinjaye sosai daga [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]] da Holocaust, duk da cewa Augustin kanta ba ta bi al'adun Yahudawa ko addinin Yahaya ba. Ta wallafa littafin ''Labyrint'' (Dutch) a shekarar 1955. Wani Jamusanci ''Auswege'' ya bayyana a cikin 1988; zai zama littafinta na ƙarshe, kodayake ta ci gaba da samar da shayari, gajerun labaru da wasan rediyo. A shekara ta 1992, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Jacobson saboda aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Augustin |url=http://www.letterkundigmuseum.nl/Literair-centrum/Literaire-prijzen/WriterId/1866/WriterName/Elisabeth%20Augustin/Mode/DetailsWriter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305212059/http://www.letterkundigmuseum.nl/Literair-centrum/Literaire-prijzen/WriterId/1866/WriterName/Elisabeth%20Augustin/Mode/DetailsWriter |archive-date=2016-03-05 |access-date=2015-08-31 |publisher=Nederlands Letterkundig Museum |language=nl}}</ref> Ta mutu a [[Amsterdam]] a shekara ta 2001. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]] pn9dl71xekv8adi2cf1lsuzhk06fh5k 0 164922 905034 2026-08-20T12:42:43Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369785305|Katrin Askan]]" 905034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katrin Askar''' (1966) [[Marubuci|marubuciya]] ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. An haife ta a Gabashin Jamus, amma a shekarar 1986, shekaru uku kafin canje-canjen da suka yi kama da kawo ƙarshen mulkin kama-karya na jam'iyya ɗaya, ta sami damar tserewa zuwa yamma . Wani sigar (ɗan ƙagagge) ta almara ta dogon tarihin da aka gina ga taron da kuma gudun da kanta, tare da ƙarfin sautin sahihanci, ita ce ginshiƙin littafinta na 2000 mai suna "Aus dem Schneider". <ref name="KAlautMA">{{Cite web |last=Michael Adrian |date=8 September 2000 |title="Aus dem Schneider": Vor der Flucht - Katrin Askan lässt Fragen offen |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/aus-dem-schneider-vor-der-flucht-katrin-askan-laesst-fragen-offen/164846.html |access-date=29 December 2019 |publisher=Verlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH, Berlin}}</ref> <ref name="KAlautHS">{{Cite web |last=Hajo Steinert |date=25 May 2000 |title=Katrin Askan: Aus dem Schneider Roman Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2000 298 S. (review) |url=https://www.zeit.de/2000/22/40367 |access-date=29 December 2019 |publisher=[[Die Zeit]] (online)}}</ref> <ref name="KAlautPerlentaucher">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan Aus dem Schneider |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/katrin-askan/aus-dem-schneider.html#reviews |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=reviews from Frankfurter Rundschau, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung & Süddeutsche Zeitung |publisher=Perlentaucher Medien GmbH, Berlin}}</ref> == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Katrin Askan a Gabashin Berlin . Bayan ta wuce Abitur (jarabawar barin makaranta) , wanda a mafi yawan yanayi zai share hanyar zuwa ilimin jami'a, an shigar da ita a horo a [[asibiti]]. Daga baya ta sami aiki a shagon littattafai.<ref name="KAlautGlanz">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan, Autorin, Lesung "Mutterstadt" |url=http://www.glanz-der-provinz.de/24-august-2019/ |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=Regionale Künstler*innen |publisher=Glanz der Provinz, Groß Kreutz}}</ref> A shekara ta 1986 ta yi nasarar shigo da kanta zuwa Berlin ta [[Yammacin Jamus|yamma]], a bayyane yake ta hanyar kai tsaye wacce ta haɗa da, a lokacin mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin motsa jiki, sa'o'i uku a cikin takalmin mota daga yamma.<ref name="KAlautMA" /><ref name="KAlautHS" /> Wannan ya biyo bayan doguwar zama a [[Sweden]] inda daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ta tallafa wa kanta ita ce ta hanyar yin aikin fassara a kan shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyo.<ref name="KAlautBorgrummet">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan |url=http://bogrummetwp.dk/boganmeldelser-forfatter/katrin-askan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229162422/http://bogrummetwp.dk/boganmeldelser-forfatter/katrin-askan/ |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=Tysk forfatter, født i Østberlin. |publisher=Borgrummet}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatun Jamusanci da [[Falsafa]] a Jami'ar Free a wani bangare na birnin da aka sani kafin 1990 da West Berlin . Sa'an nan, a cikin 1998, Askan ta koma babban birnin kafofin watsa labarai na yammacin Jamus, [[Köln|Cologne]], inda ta goyi bayan kanta a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta kuma mai fassara yaren Sweden.<ref name="KAlautWB" /> Littafin farko na Askan, "A-Dur", ya bayyana a cikin 1996.{{Efn|[[:de:A-Dur|"A-Dur"]] translates into [[English language|English]] as "[[A major]]"}} An kafa shi a Berlin, yana magana ne game da rayuwar Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus ta haruffa daban-daban guda uku da kuma lalata mafarkai guda uku. Har ila yau, yana kula da halayen rikice-rikice na al'ummomin zamani. Masu sukar sun sake dubawa sosai. "Aus dem Schneider",{{Efn|"Aus dem Schneider" translates into [[English language|English]] literally as "from the tailor" or "tailor-made". However, in colloquial usage it also sometimes refers to what in [[English language|English]] approximates to "getting out of the soup".<ref name= KAlautBorgrummet/> In both languages, this colloquial usage is becoming old fashioned, however.}} wanda ya bayyana shekaru hudu bayan haka, ya ninka sau uku kuma ya kafa masu sauraro da yawa. Ya taɓa wasu jigogi iri ɗaya.<ref name="KAlautHS" /> Tun daga shekara ta 1988, Askan ya kuma buga waƙoƙi da rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallu da litattafai daban-daban. Misali shine taƙaitaccen labarinta "Der Skorpion" wanda ya bayyana a Muschelhaufen . Ta kuma rubuta wasu shirye-shiryen rediyo ga Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg's [[Ohrenbär]], mai gabatar da shirye-shirye na rediyo ga yara masu shekaru tsakanin hudu zuwa takwas. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] 3uo2q3wbh3sxl3nnulwsfz69g5ebvo4 905035 905034 2026-08-20T12:43:04Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katrin Askar''' (1966) [[Marubuci|marubuciya]] ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. An haife ta a Gabashin Jamus, amma a shekarar 1986, shekaru uku kafin canje-canjen da suka yi kama da kawo ƙarshen mulkin kama-karya na jam'iyya ɗaya, ta sami damar tserewa zuwa yamma . Wani sigar (ɗan ƙagagge) ta almara ta dogon tarihin da aka gina ga taron da kuma gudun da kanta, tare da ƙarfin sautin sahihanci, ita ce ginshiƙin littafinta na 2000 mai suna "Aus dem Schneider". <ref name="KAlautMA">{{Cite web |last=Michael Adrian |date=8 September 2000 |title="Aus dem Schneider": Vor der Flucht - Katrin Askan lässt Fragen offen |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/kultur/aus-dem-schneider-vor-der-flucht-katrin-askan-laesst-fragen-offen/164846.html |access-date=29 December 2019 |publisher=Verlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH, Berlin}}</ref> <ref name="KAlautHS">{{Cite web |last=Hajo Steinert |date=25 May 2000 |title=Katrin Askan: Aus dem Schneider Roman Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2000 298 S. (review) |url=https://www.zeit.de/2000/22/40367 |access-date=29 December 2019 |publisher=[[Die Zeit]] (online)}}</ref> <ref name="KAlautPerlentaucher">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan Aus dem Schneider |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/buch/katrin-askan/aus-dem-schneider.html#reviews |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=reviews from Frankfurter Rundschau, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung & Süddeutsche Zeitung |publisher=Perlentaucher Medien GmbH, Berlin}}</ref> == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Katrin Askan a Gabashin Berlin . Bayan ta wuce Abitur (jarabawar barin makaranta) , wanda a mafi yawan yanayi zai share hanyar zuwa ilimin jami'a, an shigar da ita a horo a [[asibiti]]. Daga baya ta sami aiki a shagon littattafai.<ref name="KAlautGlanz">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan, Autorin, Lesung "Mutterstadt" |url=http://www.glanz-der-provinz.de/24-august-2019/ |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=Regionale Künstler*innen |publisher=Glanz der Provinz, Groß Kreutz}}</ref> A shekara ta 1986 ta yi nasarar shigo da kanta zuwa Berlin ta [[Yammacin Jamus|yamma]], a bayyane yake ta hanyar kai tsaye wacce ta haɗa da, a lokacin mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin motsa jiki, sa'o'i uku a cikin takalmin mota daga yamma.<ref name="KAlautMA" /><ref name="KAlautHS" /> Wannan ya biyo bayan doguwar zama a [[Sweden]] inda daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ta tallafa wa kanta ita ce ta hanyar yin aikin fassara a kan shirye-shiryen tashoshin rediyo.<ref name="KAlautBorgrummet">{{Cite web |title=Katrin Askan |url=http://bogrummetwp.dk/boganmeldelser-forfatter/katrin-askan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229162422/http://bogrummetwp.dk/boganmeldelser-forfatter/katrin-askan/ |archive-date=29 December 2019 |access-date=29 December 2019 |website=Tysk forfatter, født i Østberlin. |publisher=Borgrummet}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatun Jamusanci da [[Falsafa]] a Jami'ar Free a wani bangare na birnin da aka sani kafin 1990 da West Berlin . Sa'an nan, a cikin 1998, Askan ta koma babban birnin kafofin watsa labarai na yammacin Jamus, [[Köln|Cologne]], inda ta goyi bayan kanta a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta kuma mai fassara yaren Sweden.<ref name="KAlautWB" /> Littafin farko na Askan, "A-Dur", ya bayyana a cikin 1996.{{Efn|[[:de:A-Dur|"A-Dur"]] translates into [[English language|English]] as "[[A major]]"}} An kafa shi a Berlin, yana magana ne game da rayuwar Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus ta haruffa daban-daban guda uku da kuma lalata mafarkai guda uku. Har ila yau, yana kula da halayen rikice-rikice na al'ummomin zamani. Masu sukar sun sake dubawa sosai. "Aus dem Schneider",{{Efn|"Aus dem Schneider" translates into [[English language|English]] literally as "from the tailor" or "tailor-made". However, in colloquial usage it also sometimes refers to what in [[English language|English]] approximates to "getting out of the soup".<ref name= KAlautBorgrummet/> In both languages, this colloquial usage is becoming old fashioned, however.}} wanda ya bayyana shekaru hudu bayan haka, ya ninka sau uku kuma ya kafa masu sauraro da yawa. Ya taɓa wasu jigogi iri ɗaya.<ref name="KAlautHS" /> Tun daga shekara ta 1988, Askan ya kuma buga waƙoƙi da rubuce-rubuce a cikin mujallu da litattafai daban-daban. Misali shine taƙaitaccen labarinta "Der Skorpion" wanda ya bayyana a Muschelhaufen . Ta kuma rubuta wasu shirye-shiryen rediyo ga Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg's [[Ohrenbär]], mai gabatar da shirye-shirye na rediyo ga yara masu shekaru tsakanin hudu zuwa takwas. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] 1ul6pfmj5slusi0ione9n0komtsvara 0 164923 905037 2026-08-20T12:44:52Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362562991|Sybille Bedford]]" 905037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sybille Bedford''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (16 Maris 1911 - 17 Fabrairu 2006) marubuciya ce ta Ingilishi da aka haifa a Jamus ta littattafan da ba na almara ba da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Golden PEN . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a matsayin '''Sybille Aleid Elsa von [[:de:Schoenebeck (Adelsgeschlecht)|Schoenebeck]]''' a garin Charlottenburg (wanda aka kafa shi a matsayin wani yanki na yammacin [[Berlin]] a 1920) a cikin Masarautar Prussia, ga Maximilian Josef von Schoenebec (1853-1925), wani aristocrat na Jamus, mai ritaya Lieutenant Colonel da mai tara fasaha, da matarsa Bayahude ta Jamus, Elisabeth Bernhardt (1888-1937). Sybille ta girma ne a cikin bangaskiyar [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] ta mahaifinta a Castle Feldkirch a Baden . Ta hanyar auren farko na mahaifinta ga Melanie Herz, Bedford tana da 'yar'uwar [[Maximiliane Henriette von Schoenebeck]] (wanda ake kira 'Jacko' a Quicksands amma a rayuwa ta ainihi da aka sani da 'Catsy') wanda ya zama Baroness von Dincklage a aurenta da Hans Günther von Dincklage, mai ba da labari a Ofishin Jakadancin Jamus a Paris. Iyayen Bedford sun sake aure a 1918, kuma ta kasance tare da mahaifinta, a cikin wani yanayi na talauci a tsakiyar fasaharsa da tarin ruwan inabi. Ya mutu a 1925, lokacin da take 'yar shekara 14, kuma Sybille ta tafi zama a Italiya tare da mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta, Norberto Marchesani, dalibi ne na gine-ginen Italiya. A cikin waɗannan shekarun ta yi karatu a Ingila, tana zama a Hampstead . A farkon shekarun 1920, Sybille sau da yawa yakan yi tafiya tsakanin Ingila da Italiya. Bayan tashiwar fascism a Italiya, mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta sun zauna a Sanary-sur-Mer, wani karamin ƙauyen kamun kifi a Provence a kudancin Faransa, kusa da [[Toulon]] da [[Marseille]]. Sybille kanta ta zauna a can tun tana matashiya, tana zaune kusa da Aldous Huxley, tare da shi ta zama abokai. Bedford ya yi hulɗa da kuma yawancin marubutan Jamusanci waɗanda suka zauna a yankin a wannan lokacin, gami da Thomas Mann da Bertolt Brecht sun rinjaye shi. A halin yanzu, mahaifiyarta ta zama jaraba ga morphine, wanda likitan yankin ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zama mai saurin aiki. A cikin 1933, Sybille ta wallafa wani labarin da ke sukar mulkin Nazi a cikin Die Sammlung, mujallar wallafe-wallafen Klaus Mann, ɗan Thomas Mann. Lokacin da Nazis suka gano kakanninta na Yahudawa, asusun bankin Jamus sun daskare. A wannan lokacin yana da wahala a gare ta sabunta fasfo dinta na Jamus, kuma zama a Italiya ba tare da fasfo mai inganci ko tushen samun kudin shiga ba yana da haɗarin fitar da shi zuwa Jamus. Matar Aldous Huxley Maria ta zo da mafita a 1935. An san Maria da cewa, a kan tambayar wanda ya kamata ya auri Sybille, "Muna buƙatar samun ɗaya daga cikin abokanmu".Sybille ta shiga aure mai sauƙi tare da jami'in Sojojin Ingila, Walter "Terry" Bedford (tsohon saurayi na tsohon ma'aikacin [[W. H. Auden]]), wanda ta bayyana a matsayin abokiyar "bugger butler", kuma ta sami fasfo na Burtaniya. Aure ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba, amma Sybille ta ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar mijinta, ta buga duk ayyukanta na baya a matsayin Sybille Bedford . Tare da taimakon Aldous da Maria Huxley, Bedford ya bar Faransa zuwa Amurka kafin mamayar Jamus ta 1940. Ta bi Huxleys zuwa [[California]] kuma ta kwashe sauran yakin duniya na biyu a Amurka. == Ayyukansa a matsayin marubuci == Bayan yakin, Bedford ya shafe shekara guda yana tafiya a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]. Kwarewarta a wannan tafiya za ta zama tushen littafinta na farko da aka buga, labarin tafiya mai taken The Sudden View: a Mexican Journey, wanda aka buga a 1953. Bedford ya shafe ragowar shekarun 1940 yana zaune a Faransa da Italiya. A wannan lokacin tana da soyayya da wata mace ta Amurka, Evelyn W. Gendel, wacce ta bar mijinta zuwa Bedford kuma ta zama marubuciya da edita kanta. A cikin shekarun 1950 Bedford ya zama aminin [[Martha Gellhorn]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] dg83j4nmz8pfiqujaucl5nint01ddwk 905038 905037 2026-08-20T12:45:12Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905038 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sybille Bedford''', [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (16 Maris 1911 - 17 Fabrairu 2006) marubuciya ce ta Ingilishi da aka haifa a Jamus ta littattafan da ba na almara ba da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Ta kasance mai karɓar lambar yabo ta Golden PEN . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a matsayin '''Sybille Aleid Elsa von [[:de:Schoenebeck (Adelsgeschlecht)|Schoenebeck]]''' a garin Charlottenburg (wanda aka kafa shi a matsayin wani yanki na yammacin [[Berlin]] a 1920) a cikin Masarautar Prussia, ga Maximilian Josef von Schoenebec (1853-1925), wani aristocrat na Jamus, mai ritaya Lieutenant Colonel da mai tara fasaha, da matarsa Bayahude ta Jamus, Elisabeth Bernhardt (1888-1937). Sybille ta girma ne a cikin bangaskiyar [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] ta mahaifinta a Castle Feldkirch a Baden . Ta hanyar auren farko na mahaifinta ga Melanie Herz, Bedford tana da 'yar'uwar [[Maximiliane Henriette von Schoenebeck]] (wanda ake kira 'Jacko' a Quicksands amma a rayuwa ta ainihi da aka sani da 'Catsy') wanda ya zama Baroness von Dincklage a aurenta da Hans Günther von Dincklage, mai ba da labari a Ofishin Jakadancin Jamus a Paris. Iyayen Bedford sun sake aure a 1918, kuma ta kasance tare da mahaifinta, a cikin wani yanayi na talauci a tsakiyar fasaharsa da tarin ruwan inabi. Ya mutu a 1925, lokacin da take 'yar shekara 14, kuma Sybille ta tafi zama a Italiya tare da mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta, Norberto Marchesani, dalibi ne na gine-ginen Italiya. A cikin waɗannan shekarun ta yi karatu a Ingila, tana zama a Hampstead . A farkon shekarun 1920, Sybille sau da yawa yakan yi tafiya tsakanin Ingila da Italiya. Bayan tashiwar fascism a Italiya, mahaifiyarta da mahaifinta sun zauna a Sanary-sur-Mer, wani karamin ƙauyen kamun kifi a Provence a kudancin Faransa, kusa da [[Toulon]] da [[Marseille]]. Sybille kanta ta zauna a can tun tana matashiya, tana zaune kusa da Aldous Huxley, tare da shi ta zama abokai. Bedford ya yi hulɗa da kuma yawancin marubutan Jamusanci waɗanda suka zauna a yankin a wannan lokacin, gami da Thomas Mann da Bertolt Brecht sun rinjaye shi. A halin yanzu, mahaifiyarta ta zama jaraba ga morphine, wanda likitan yankin ya ba da umarni, kuma ya zama mai saurin aiki. A cikin 1933, Sybille ta wallafa wani labarin da ke sukar mulkin Nazi a cikin Die Sammlung, mujallar wallafe-wallafen Klaus Mann, ɗan Thomas Mann. Lokacin da Nazis suka gano kakanninta na Yahudawa, asusun bankin Jamus sun daskare. A wannan lokacin yana da wahala a gare ta sabunta fasfo dinta na Jamus, kuma zama a Italiya ba tare da fasfo mai inganci ko tushen samun kudin shiga ba yana da haɗarin fitar da shi zuwa Jamus. Matar Aldous Huxley Maria ta zo da mafita a 1935. An san Maria da cewa, a kan tambayar wanda ya kamata ya auri Sybille, "Muna buƙatar samun ɗaya daga cikin abokanmu".Sybille ta shiga aure mai sauƙi tare da jami'in Sojojin Ingila, Walter "Terry" Bedford (tsohon saurayi na tsohon ma'aikacin [[W. H. Auden]]), wanda ta bayyana a matsayin abokiyar "bugger butler", kuma ta sami fasfo na Burtaniya. Aure ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba, amma Sybille ta ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar mijinta, ta buga duk ayyukanta na baya a matsayin Sybille Bedford . Tare da taimakon Aldous da Maria Huxley, Bedford ya bar Faransa zuwa Amurka kafin mamayar Jamus ta 1940. Ta bi Huxleys zuwa [[California]] kuma ta kwashe sauran yakin duniya na biyu a Amurka. == Ayyukansa a matsayin marubuci == Bayan yakin, Bedford ya shafe shekara guda yana tafiya a [[Mexico (ƙasa)|Mexico]]. Kwarewarta a wannan tafiya za ta zama tushen littafinta na farko da aka buga, labarin tafiya mai taken The Sudden View: a Mexican Journey, wanda aka buga a 1953. Bedford ya shafe ragowar shekarun 1940 yana zaune a Faransa da Italiya. A wannan lokacin tana da soyayya da wata mace ta Amurka, Evelyn W. Gendel, wacce ta bar mijinta zuwa Bedford kuma ta zama marubuciya da edita kanta. A cikin shekarun 1950 Bedford ya zama aminin [[Martha Gellhorn]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1911]] cfnxh1htfq6mkx7xd8m2zw68wowlgqe 0 164924 905039 2026-08-20T12:46:20Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628476|Maria Beig]]" 905039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Beig''' (8 ga Oktoba 1920 - 3 ga Satumba 2018) malamar makarantar Jamusanci ce kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Beig a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1920 <ref name="Kopitzki">{{Cite web |last=Kopitzki |first=Siegmund |date=7 September 2018 |title=Konstanz: Die Stimme Oberschwabens: Zum Tod der Autorin Maria Beig |url=https://www.suedkurier.de/ueberregional/kultur/Die-Stimme-Oberschwabens-Zum-Tod-der-Autorin-Maria-Beig;art10399,9882521 |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=[[Südkurier]] |language=de}}</ref> kusa da Tafkin Constance a yankin Swabia na Jamus. <ref name="Null">{{Cite web |last=Null |first=Matthew Neill |date=16 October 2015 |title=No Judgment, No Message, No Mercy |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/10/16/no-judgment-no-message-no-mercy/ |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=The Paris Review |language=en}}</ref> Beig ta buga littafinta na farko, ''Rabenkrächzen'' (Raven's Croak) a shekarar 1982. Ya biyo bayan rayuwar almara ta iyalai huɗu daga Meckenbeuren . <ref name="Kopitzki" /> Duk da yake ba a yarda da ita ba a yankin gidanta na Swabia, ta lashe Alemannischer Literaturpreis a 1983. <ref name="Null" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literaturpreis Gewinner |url=https://www.literaturpreisgewinner.de/belletristik/alemannischer-literaturpreis |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=Alemannischer Literaturpreis |language=de-DE}}</ref> Littafinta [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Na biyu]] ''Hochzeitlose'' (''Aure da ya ɓace'') an buga shi a 1983 <ref name="Kopitzki" /> kuma ya bi mata huɗu daga Swabia a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] da na II . An tsara shi a matsayin litattafai huɗu, kowannensu yana mai da hankali kan mace daban-daban; Babette, Helene, Klara da Martha, da kuma kin aurensu. Jaimy Gordon da [[Peter Blickle]] ne suka fassara shi zuwa Turanci.<ref name="Null" /> Littafinta, Hermine: Rayuwar dabba, yana kewaye da wata mace mai ban mamaki da kuma hulɗarta da nau'ikan dabbobi 64 a gonar iyalinta. Gordon da Blickle ne suka fassara shi.<ref name="Null" /> A shekara ta 1996, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Johann-Friedrich-von-Cotta-Literatur- und Übersetzerpreis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart kuma an ba ta lambar yabo taJohann-Peter-Hebel-Preis a shekara ta 2004. Nasararta a matsayin marubuciya ta taimaka wa wani bangare ta hanyar ƙarfafawa da ta samu daga marubucin littafin Jamus Martin Walser wanda ya umarce ta da ta bugawa tare da Suhrkamp, babban mai bugawa a Jamus. A shekara ta 2009 ta wallafa tarihin rayuwarta mai suna Ein Lebensweg . <ref name="Kopitzki" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] slnhfoagv30lc44hwrz8qqkkuxv2l12 905040 905039 2026-08-20T12:46:36Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maria Beig''' (8 ga Oktoba 1920 - 3 ga Satumba 2018) malamar makarantar Jamusanci ce kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Beig a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1920 <ref name="Kopitzki">{{Cite web |last=Kopitzki |first=Siegmund |date=7 September 2018 |title=Konstanz: Die Stimme Oberschwabens: Zum Tod der Autorin Maria Beig |url=https://www.suedkurier.de/ueberregional/kultur/Die-Stimme-Oberschwabens-Zum-Tod-der-Autorin-Maria-Beig;art10399,9882521 |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=[[Südkurier]] |language=de}}</ref> kusa da Tafkin Constance a yankin Swabia na Jamus. <ref name="Null">{{Cite web |last=Null |first=Matthew Neill |date=16 October 2015 |title=No Judgment, No Message, No Mercy |url=https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/10/16/no-judgment-no-message-no-mercy/ |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=The Paris Review |language=en}}</ref> Beig ta buga littafinta na farko, ''Rabenkrächzen'' (Raven's Croak) a shekarar 1982. Ya biyo bayan rayuwar almara ta iyalai huɗu daga Meckenbeuren . <ref name="Kopitzki" /> Duk da yake ba a yarda da ita ba a yankin gidanta na Swabia, ta lashe Alemannischer Literaturpreis a 1983. <ref name="Null" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literaturpreis Gewinner |url=https://www.literaturpreisgewinner.de/belletristik/alemannischer-literaturpreis |access-date=6 June 2019 |website=Alemannischer Literaturpreis |language=de-DE}}</ref> Littafinta [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Na biyu]] ''Hochzeitlose'' (''Aure da ya ɓace'') an buga shi a 1983 <ref name="Kopitzki" /> kuma ya bi mata huɗu daga Swabia a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] da na II . An tsara shi a matsayin litattafai huɗu, kowannensu yana mai da hankali kan mace daban-daban; Babette, Helene, Klara da Martha, da kuma kin aurensu. Jaimy Gordon da [[Peter Blickle]] ne suka fassara shi zuwa Turanci.<ref name="Null" /> Littafinta, Hermine: Rayuwar dabba, yana kewaye da wata mace mai ban mamaki da kuma hulɗarta da nau'ikan dabbobi 64 a gonar iyalinta. Gordon da Blickle ne suka fassara shi.<ref name="Null" /> A shekara ta 1996, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Johann-Friedrich-von-Cotta-Literatur- und Übersetzerpreis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart kuma an ba ta lambar yabo taJohann-Peter-Hebel-Preis a shekara ta 2004. Nasararta a matsayin marubuciya ta taimaka wa wani bangare ta hanyar ƙarfafawa da ta samu daga marubucin littafin Jamus Martin Walser wanda ya umarce ta da ta bugawa tare da Suhrkamp, babban mai bugawa a Jamus. A shekara ta 2009 ta wallafa tarihin rayuwarta mai suna Ein Lebensweg . <ref name="Kopitzki" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] 942zv0ejl8kbv3kuozbso0pj6lpdxd0 0 164925 905041 2026-08-20T12:48:22Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628477|Sophie Behr]]" 905041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophie Behr''' née Sophie Elisabeth von Behr-Negendanck; (1935-01-07) , a Neubrandenburg - (2015-02-21) ) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title=Todesanzeige |url=http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415130650/http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=2024-07-22 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sophie Behr - Deutsche Literatur Archiv |url=https://www.dla-marbach.de/find/opac/id/PE00070777/?tx_find_find%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_find_find%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=a0b8e288a5d4c255e2c7d1d8f57ea12d#tx_find |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.dla-marbach.de}}</ref> ta kasance 'yar jaridar Jamus<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaby präsentiert: Interview mit Sophie Behr |url=http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223002930/http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |archive-date=2004-12-23 |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> kuma marubuciyar littattafan rayuwa da litattafai waɗanda suka haɗu da mahaifiyar da fiction kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hangel |first=Magdalena |date=2013 |title=Weibliche Geschlechterrollen in der Science-Fiction-Literatur deutschsprachiger Autorinnen |url=https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/open/o:1297880 |page=41 |language=de |format=pdf}}.</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Friedhof_Hader_(Ruhstorf_an_der_Rott)_Kinder_von_Barhof.jpg|thumb|Friedhof Hader (Ruhstorf an der Rott) Abin tunawa da Kinder von Barhof.]] Sophie Behr 'yar Gertrude née von Rumohr (1908-1994) da Hans Jasper von Behr-Negendanck (1901-1944), mai mallakar Mecklenburg kuma mai ritaya. Ta girma a gidan mahaifinta a Neverin, kusa da Neubrandenburg . An kwace iyalinta a 1945 kuma suka gudu zuwa Schleswig-Holstein . Bayan kammala karatunta daga Ostsee-Gymnasium Timmendorfer Strand, ta yi karatun Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Behr, Sophie (1935-2015) |url=https://kalliope-verbund.info/de/eac?eac.id=110107322 |website=Kalliope Verbund |language=de}}.</ref> Ta kasance 'yar jarida ga Der Spiegel na tsawon shekaru 16 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Suche - Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/suche/?suchbegriff=sophie%2Bvon%2Bbehr |website=Der Spiegel |language=de}}</ref> kuma babban wakilin Munich sannan Berlin, kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jaridar mai zaman kanta ga Emma, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1978 |title=Wenn Frauen gegen Frauen schreiben |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45151#pages/pageId-0042847cee7fee571f54bca8cc34cf89e58f4d8 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=von Behr |first=Sophie |date=July 1978 |title=Die betrogenen Witwen |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45150 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> rediyo da jaridar mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin goes feminist |url=https://feministberlin1968ff.de/womens-center/media-group-1973-75/ |website=feministberlin1968ff.de |language=en}}.</ref> Behr ta kuma kasance co-kafa kungiyar uwaye da iyaye mata marasa aure (wanda ake kira Association of Single Mothers (Verbandes alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter)), wanda ta kasance shugabarta daga 1977 zuwa 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte - Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |url=https://www.vamv-berlin.de/ueber-uns/geschichte/ |website=Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |language=de}}</ref> Daga 1984 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta zauna a Ruhstorf an der Rott a Lower Bavaria, a Barhof kusa da Hader, wanda kuma ta canza shi zuwa abin tunawa ga 'ya'ya 90 na ma'aikatan tilasta da aka kashe a can a 1944-1945. Björn Engholm ya haɗa shi a cikin tawagar gwamnatinsa don zaben yanki na 1983 a Schleswig-Holstein [de; es; fr] . A shekara ta 1997 ta rubuta Ida & Laura . ''Ida da Laura. ''Har ila yau tare da jin, wani labari na fiction na kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Markus |date=26 March 2019 |title=Wiki und die "starken" Männer: Von der Löschung der Liste deutschsprachiger Science-Fiction-Autorinnen |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/wiki-und-die-starken-maenner-von-der-loeschung-der-liste-deutschsprachiger |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Marcus |date=11 June 2020 |title=Die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen Science-Fiction-Autorinnen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ein Überblick |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/die-wichtigsten-deutschsprachigen-science-fiction-autorinnen-des-20 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] f6y5avyum298tnqyylvv5l68fepyhyk 905042 905041 2026-08-20T12:48:57Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sophie Behr''' née Sophie Elisabeth von Behr-Negendanck; (1935-01-07) , a Neubrandenburg - (2015-02-21) ) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title=Todesanzeige |url=http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415130650/http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=2024-07-22 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sophie Behr - Deutsche Literatur Archiv |url=https://www.dla-marbach.de/find/opac/id/PE00070777/?tx_find_find%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_find_find%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=a0b8e288a5d4c255e2c7d1d8f57ea12d#tx_find |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.dla-marbach.de}}</ref> ta kasance 'yar jaridar Jamus<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaby präsentiert: Interview mit Sophie Behr |url=http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223002930/http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |archive-date=2004-12-23 |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> kuma marubuciyar littattafan rayuwa da litattafai waɗanda suka haɗu da mahaifiyar da fiction kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hangel |first=Magdalena |date=2013 |title=Weibliche Geschlechterrollen in der Science-Fiction-Literatur deutschsprachiger Autorinnen |url=https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/open/o:1297880 |page=41 |language=de |format=pdf}}.</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Friedhof_Hader_(Ruhstorf_an_der_Rott)_Kinder_von_Barhof.jpg|thumb|Friedhof Hader (Ruhstorf an der Rott) Abin tunawa da Kinder von Barhof.]] Sophie Behr 'yar Gertrude née von Rumohr (1908-1994) da Hans Jasper von Behr-Negendanck (1901-1944), mai mallakar Mecklenburg kuma mai ritaya. Ta girma a gidan mahaifinta a Neverin, kusa da Neubrandenburg . An kwace iyalinta a 1945 kuma suka gudu zuwa Schleswig-Holstein . Bayan kammala karatunta daga Ostsee-Gymnasium Timmendorfer Strand, ta yi karatun Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Behr, Sophie (1935-2015) |url=https://kalliope-verbund.info/de/eac?eac.id=110107322 |website=Kalliope Verbund |language=de}}.</ref> Ta kasance 'yar jarida ga Der Spiegel na tsawon shekaru 16 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Suche - Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/suche/?suchbegriff=sophie%2Bvon%2Bbehr |website=Der Spiegel |language=de}}</ref> kuma babban wakilin Munich sannan Berlin, kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jaridar mai zaman kanta ga Emma, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1978 |title=Wenn Frauen gegen Frauen schreiben |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45151#pages/pageId-0042847cee7fee571f54bca8cc34cf89e58f4d8 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=von Behr |first=Sophie |date=July 1978 |title=Die betrogenen Witwen |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45150 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> rediyo da jaridar mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin goes feminist |url=https://feministberlin1968ff.de/womens-center/media-group-1973-75/ |website=feministberlin1968ff.de |language=en}}.</ref> Behr ta kuma kasance co-kafa kungiyar uwaye da iyaye mata marasa aure (wanda ake kira Association of Single Mothers (Verbandes alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter)), wanda ta kasance shugabarta daga 1977 zuwa 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte - Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |url=https://www.vamv-berlin.de/ueber-uns/geschichte/ |website=Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |language=de}}</ref> Daga 1984 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta zauna a Ruhstorf an der Rott a Lower Bavaria, a Barhof kusa da Hader, wanda kuma ta canza shi zuwa abin tunawa ga 'ya'ya 90 na ma'aikatan tilasta da aka kashe a can a 1944-1945. Björn Engholm ya haɗa shi a cikin tawagar gwamnatinsa don zaben yanki na 1983 a Schleswig-Holstein [de; es; fr] . A shekara ta 1997 ta rubuta Ida & Laura . ''Ida da Laura. ''Har ila yau tare da jin, wani labari na fiction na kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Markus |date=26 March 2019 |title=Wiki und die "starken" Männer: Von der Löschung der Liste deutschsprachiger Science-Fiction-Autorinnen |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/wiki-und-die-starken-maenner-von-der-loeschung-der-liste-deutschsprachiger |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Marcus |date=11 June 2020 |title=Die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen Science-Fiction-Autorinnen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ein Überblick |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/die-wichtigsten-deutschsprachigen-science-fiction-autorinnen-des-20 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] bd7wgymrl41rcduik54vetehgk85i06 905101 905042 2026-08-20T16:14:29Z Baffa ali 47435 905101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sophie Behr''' née Sophie Elisabeth von Behr-Negendanck; ( daga shekarar 1935- zuwa ga watan 01- ranar 07) , a Neubrandenburg - ( daga shekarar 2015- zuwa ga watan 02- ranar 21) ) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-15 |title=Todesanzeige |url=http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415130650/http://trauer.tagesspiegel.de/files/preview/20150315__22680784_1_500.png |archive-date=2015-04-15 |access-date=2024-07-22 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sophie Behr - Deutsche Literatur Archiv |url=https://www.dla-marbach.de/find/opac/id/PE00070777/?tx_find_find%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_find_find%5Bcontroller%5D=Search&cHash=a0b8e288a5d4c255e2c7d1d8f57ea12d#tx_find |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.dla-marbach.de}}</ref> ta kasance 'yar jaridar Jamus<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gaby präsentiert: Interview mit Sophie Behr |url=http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041223002930/http://stadt.gay-web.de/buchtip/texte/ida_interview.html |archive-date=2004-12-23 |access-date=20 July 2024}}</ref> kuma marubuciyar littattafan rayuwa da litattafai waɗanda suka haɗu da mahaifiyar da fiction kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hangel |first=Magdalena |date=2013 |title=Weibliche Geschlechterrollen in der Science-Fiction-Literatur deutschsprachiger Autorinnen |url=https://phaidra.univie.ac.at/open/o:1297880 |page=41 |language=de |format=pdf}}.</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == [[Fayil:Friedhof_Hader_(Ruhstorf_an_der_Rott)_Kinder_von_Barhof.jpg|thumb|Friedhof Hader (Ruhstorf an der Rott) Abin tunawa da Kinder von Barhof.]] Sophie Behr 'yar Gertrude née von Rumohr ( daga shekarar 1908 zuwa shekara ta 1994) da Hans Jasper von Behr-Negendanck ( daga shekarar 1901 zuwa shekara ta 1944), mai mallakar Mecklenburg kuma mai ritaya. Ta girma a gidan mahaifinta a Neverin, kusa da Neubrandenburg . An kwace iyalinta a shekarar 1945 kuma suka gudu zuwa Schleswig-Holstein . Bayan kammala karatunta daga Ostsee-Gymnasium Timmendorfer Strand, ta yi karatun Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, ilimin halayyar dan adam da ilimin zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Behr, Sophie (1935-2015) |url=https://kalliope-verbund.info/de/eac?eac.id=110107322 |website=Kalliope Verbund |language=de}}.</ref> Ta kasance 'yar jarida ga Der Spiegel na tsawon shekaru 16 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Suche - Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/suche/?suchbegriff=sophie%2Bvon%2Bbehr |website=Der Spiegel |language=de}}</ref> kuma babban wakilin Munich sannan Berlin, kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jaridar mai zaman kanta ga Emma, <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1978 |title=Wenn Frauen gegen Frauen schreiben |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45151#pages/pageId-0042847cee7fee571f54bca8cc34cf89e58f4d8 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=von Behr |first=Sophie |date=July 1978 |title=Die betrogenen Witwen |url=https://www.emma.de/lesesaal/45150 |website=EMMA |language=de}}.</ref> rediyo da jaridar mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin goes feminist |url=https://feministberlin1968ff.de/womens-center/media-group-1973-75/ |website=feministberlin1968ff.de |language=en}}.</ref> Behr ta kuma kasance co-kafa kungiyar uwaye da iyaye mata marasa aure (wanda ake kira Association of Single Mothers (Verbandes alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter)), wanda ta kasance shugabarta daga shekarar 1977 zuwa shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte - Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |url=https://www.vamv-berlin.de/ueber-uns/geschichte/ |website=Verband alleinerziehender Mütter und Väter (VAMV) |language=de}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1984 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta zauna a Ruhstorf an der Rott a Lower Bavaria, a Barhof kusa da Hader, wanda kuma ta canza shi zuwa abin tunawa ga 'ya'ya 90 na ma'aikatan tilasta da aka kashe a can a shekara ta 1944- zuwa shekarar 1945. Björn Engholm ya haɗa shi a cikin tawagar gwamnatinsa don zaben yanki na a shekarar 1983 a Schleswig-Holstein [de; es; fr] . A shekara ta 1997 ta rubuta Ida & Laura . ''Ida da Laura. ''Har ila yau tare da jin, wani labari na fiction na kimiyya na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Markus |date=26 March 2019 |title=Wiki und die "starken" Männer: Von der Löschung der Liste deutschsprachiger Science-Fiction-Autorinnen |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/wiki-und-die-starken-maenner-von-der-loeschung-der-liste-deutschsprachiger |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mäurer |first=Marcus |date=11 June 2020 |title=Die wichtigsten deutschsprachigen Science-Fiction-Autorinnen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Ein Überblick |url=https://www.tor-online.de/magazin/science-fiction/die-wichtigsten-deutschsprachigen-science-fiction-autorinnen-des-20 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=TOR Online |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] 9ju51ebis7ga99lpxe6gq1v2k5h1q6h 0 164926 905044 2026-08-20T12:50:55Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358673903|Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe]]" 905044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 - 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] axlymnk2f20rby9i4fczgz5q32d2c7r 905045 905044 2026-08-20T12:51:18Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 - 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] 37afhwa7ctlb6f97xwmtzbs4l3t5app 905053 905045 2026-08-20T13:24:18Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Iyali */ 905053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 - 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] jt553fozjri5hkm1a4kq655ixqqd5v9 905054 905053 2026-08-20T13:24:41Z Kamal JB 24987 905054 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 - 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] 6kvedt16i1mzn2f1vobn201gtwdoyn7 905060 905054 2026-08-20T13:38:32Z Kamal JB 24987 905060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 - 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] 0m5k6zbmc1komx8lqrvuy3lxf3pdhr8 905063 905060 2026-08-20T13:41:05Z Kamal JB 24987 905063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] k17d1qes81ejynltlvxwa1wlkb1khgi 905064 905063 2026-08-20T13:41:22Z Kamal JB 24987 905064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi. == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] ausakhhuz2jdju3gg09y5j3ugsfher9 905065 905064 2026-08-20T13:42:39Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Iyali */ 905065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".<ref name="huberty" /> Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi.<ref name=gotha>[[Almanach de Gotha]]. [[Justus Perthes (publishing company)|Justus Perthes]], 1942, [[Gotha]]), pp. 76-79. (French).</ref> == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] kuvik6fvd69n463j5h25vfl7l4b37cn 905066 905065 2026-08-20T13:43:32Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Iyali */ 905066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1856-1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld (1812-1884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld (1911-2004) wanda, a cikin 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi.<ref name=gotha>[[Almanach de Gotha]]. [[Justus Perthes (publishing company)|Justus Perthes]], 1942, [[Gotha]]), pp. 76-79. (French).</ref> == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] 37vdspvid7nfk0o9cgwccay6jo1uwss 905105 905066 2026-08-20T16:17:10Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Iyali */ 905105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (daga shekarar 1856 zuwa shekara ta 1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld ( daga shekarar 1812 zuwa shekara ta 884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell (1818-1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld ( daga shekarar 1911 har zuwa shekara ta 2004) wanda, a cikin shekarar 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin shekarar 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi.<ref name="gotha">[[Almanach de Gotha]]. [[Justus Perthes (publishing company)|Justus Perthes]], 1942, [[Gotha]]), pp. 76-79. (French).</ref> == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. (1825-1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 ga Mayu 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. (1887-1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg (1888-1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] otalenzuqmc6ktf3rihqccca5khygju 905110 905105 2026-08-20T16:22:33Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Aure */ 905110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gimbiya Marie Adelheid ta Lippe''' (an haife ta a rana 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1895 ta mutu a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1993) ta kasance marubuciya kuma marubuciya wacce ke aiki a Nazi Jamus. A matsayinta na matar Friedrich Kurt "Hanno" Konopacki-Konopath (1882-1962), sanannen DNVP, daga baya jami'in NSDAP (Mai ba da shawara na ma'aikatar da kuma Mai ba da shawara kan kudi na Jiha a cikin Gudanar da Biyanci na Reich), Marie Adelheid sananniya ce kuma mai goyon bayan mulkin Nazi. Ta kasance kayan aiki a cikin Nordic Ring, wani dandalin tattaunawa game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilanci da [[eugenics]]. Marie Adelheid ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki ga Ministan Abinci da Aikin Gona Richard Walther Darré, kuma ta samar da ayyuka da yawa na fiction, shayari, fassarori, da sauran littattafai. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, ta wallafa fassarorin shahararrun ayyukan da ke musanta Holocaust, kamar su Paul Rassinier's Le Drame des Juifs européens (The Drama of European Jews) zuwa [[Jamusanci]] a shekarar 1964. == Iyali == An haifi Countess Marie Adelheid ƙarami kuma 'yar Count Rudolf na Lippe-Biesterfeld (daga shekarar 1856 zuwa shekara ta 1931), daga baya Yarima Rudolf na Lipbe da matarsa, Princess Caroline Luise na Ardeck (ɗan jikokin Frederick William, Elector na Hesse). <ref name="huberty">{{cite book | title=''L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome II'' | publisher=Laballery |author1=Huberty, Michel |author2=Giraud, Alain |author3=Magdelaine, F. and B. | year=1979 | location=France | pages=312, 339–340, 349| isbn=2-901138-02-0}}</ref> Mahaifinta, ɗan Count Julius Peter na Lippe-Biesterfeld ( daga shekarar 1812 zuwa shekara ta 884) da Countess Adelheid zu Castell-Castell ( daga shekarar 1818. Zuwa shekara ta 1900), kawun Yarima Leopold IV ne, wanda ya mallaki ƙaramin masarautar Lippe daga 1905 har zuwa rushewar Daular Jamus a 1918 a Yaƙin Duniya na I. Marie Adelheid ita ma dan uwan farko ne da aka cire Yarima Bernhard na Lippe -Biesterfeld ( daga shekarar 1911 har zuwa shekara ta 2004) wanda, a cikin shekarar 1937 ya zama yarima marigayi na Juliana, Sarauniya ta Netherlands ta gaba. <ref name="huberty" /> Ana iya gano dangin Marie Adelheid zuwa karni na goma sha biyu kuma suna mulki har sai da ta kai shekaru 23.<ref name="huberty" /> A cikin shekarar 1905, reshen ta na Gidan Lippe ya gaji ɗaya daga cikin kursiyai biyu da dangin ke riƙe da su (sauran shine Principality na Schaumburg-Lippe, kuma a cikin Daular Jamus) kuma Marie Adelheid ta zama gimbiya ta Lippe, ta bar ma'anar "Biesterfeld".Lokacin da aka soke masarautu da manyan hukumomi daban-daban na Jamus, daular ta rasa kursiyinta da matsayi a matsayin sarauta, amma jamhuriya ta ba su damar riƙe yawancin dukiyarsu, da kuma taken sarauta a cikin sunan mahaifi.<ref name="gotha">[[Almanach de Gotha]]. [[Justus Perthes (publishing company)|Justus Perthes]], 1942, [[Gotha]]), pp. 76-79. (French).</ref> == Aure == A lokacin da take da shekaru 24, Marie Adelheid ta yi aure, a cikin gidan sarauta inda aka haife ta a Drogelwitz, Yarima Heinrich XXXII Reuss, J (babban) L (ine), wani mutum mai shekaru goma sha bakwai da haihuwa, wanda dan uwanta ne a mataki na huɗu (kakan su shine Sarki Frederick William II na Prussia) kuma a mataki na shida (duka biyu zuriyar George II na Burtaniya). Ya kasance daga daular da ta yi mulki a kan manyan ƙasashe biyu na Jamus (Reuss) har zuwa lokacin da aka yi watsi da shi a 1918 na Yarima mai mulki a kan duka manyan ƙasashe. T''a'' hanyar al'ada, saraku''na'' gidansa sun yi amfani da "Reuss" a matsayin sunan mahaifi ba tare da wani abu mai daraja ba kamar "von" (na) ko "zu" (a), kuma duk maza sun ɗauki sunan da aka ba su na Henry (''Heinrich''), wanda ya bambanta kowannensu daga ɗayan ta lambobi na Roman. <ref name="gotha" /> Heinrich XXXII ɗan Yarima Heinrich VII Reuss J.L. ( daga shekarar 1825 zuwa shekara ta 1906) ne da matarsa, Princess Marie na Saxe-Weimar, ta hanyar wanda ya kasance, tsakanin 1894 da 1909, kusa da shi a cikin tsari na maye gurbin kursiyin Dutch wanda Sarauniya Wilhelmina ta mamaye tun shekarar 1890. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bikin a ranar 19 gawatan a shekarar 1920 auren ya fara lalacewa: Marie Adelheid za ta haifi ɗa, Yarima Heinrich V, a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1921 kuma, don ta auri mahaifin kafin ta haifi yaron, ta saki Heinrich XXXII a Guben a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu kuma a ranar 12 ga Afrilu ta auri ɗan'uwansa, Heinrich XXXV Reuss J.L. ( daga shekarar 1887- zuwa shekara ta 1936) wanda, don ya cancanci tserewa zuwa [[Bremen]], ya saki matarsa ta shekaru 10, Princess Maria na Saxe-Altenburg ( daga shekara ta 1888- zuwa shekarar 1947), a ranar 4 ga Maris. Lokacin da Heinrich V ke da shekaru biyu, a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni a shekarar 1923, iyayensa sun saki a [[Berlin]]. Bayan haka, Marie Adelheid ta yi amfani da taken Princess Reuss zur Lippe . <ref name="gotha" /> Marie Adelheid ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma na karshe ga talakawa Hanno Konopath (an haife shi mai suna "Konopacki"), wani jami'in gwamnatin Nazi, a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 1927. Wannan auren ya ƙare a cikin saki shekaru tara bayan haka a shekarar 1936, amma ba kafin ya haifar da muhimman lambobin sadarwa a gare ta a cikin mulkin Jamus ba. <ref name="G65" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] moy7a0f1jrawg0qnkv71b0xqcg5snwi 0 164927 905046 2026-08-20T12:52:14Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628481|Josefa Berens-Totenohl]]" 905046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josefa Berens-Totenohl''' (30 Maris 1891, a Grevenstein, Sauerland - 6 Yuni 1969) marubuciya ce kuma mai zane ta Jamus. Ita 'yar wani ma'aikaci ce. Da farko ta zama malama, amma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya da mai zane kuma ta yi zane-zane masu kyau. Littattafan soyayya na manoma sun shahara sosai a Nazi Jamus; kodayake ba ta taɓa shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba, kuma litattafan ba su da ma'anar akida, yabo ga kyawawan halaye na manoma, tushe, da ƙarfi sun dace da jam'iyyar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1969]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] 1wi428b5oy117ofkq1idgw23eqz0jhm 905047 905046 2026-08-20T12:52:36Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Josefa Berens-Totenohl''' (30 Maris 1891, a Grevenstein, Sauerland - 6 Yuni 1969) marubuciya ce kuma mai zane ta Jamus. Ita 'yar wani ma'aikaci ce. Da farko ta zama malama, amma daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya da mai zane kuma ta yi zane-zane masu kyau. Littattafan soyayya na manoma sun shahara sosai a Nazi Jamus; kodayake ba ta taɓa shiga Jam'iyyar Nazi ba, kuma litattafan ba su da ma'anar akida, yabo ga kyawawan halaye na manoma, tushe, da ƙarfi sun dace da jam'iyyar. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1969]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] l63pl7wdcv8ub3bjz7zs34u3edpbu5o 0 164928 905048 2026-08-20T12:55:55Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365126751|Pieke Biermann]]" 905048 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Pieke_Biermann_(14582531796)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Pieke Biermann a cikin 2014]] '''Pieke Biermann''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Maris 1950, a Stolzenau a matsayin '''Lieselotte Hanna Eva Biermann''') marubuciya ce ta aikata laifuka ta Jamus, mai fassara kuma ɗan jarida. Ita ce ta lashe kyautar mai fassara ta littafin Leipzig na 2020. A cikin shekarun 1970s da '80s, ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Berlin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Pieke' Biermann shine sunan da aka yi rajista. Ta zauna a [[Hanover]] daga 1955, inda ta kammala karatu daga Helene-Lange-Schule . Ta fara karatun adabin Jamusanci da [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]] tare da [[Hans Mayer (literary scholar)|Hans Mayer]] da kuma karatun Ingilishi da [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Jami'ar Hanover a shekarar 1968. A cikin 1973/'74 ta yi shekara guda tana karatu a Jami'ar Padua kuma ta fara aikin fassarar ta farko. Ta kammala karatunta a 1976 a TU Hannover tare da rubutun digiri a kan batun aikin gida da ba a biya ba. Daga nan sai ta sami tallafin karatu na digiri don rubutun, wanda ba ta gama ba. Ta zauna a Berlin tun 1976 kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai fassara mai zaman kanta na wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, Amurka da Italiyanci zuwa Jamusanci. Ta fassara Dacia Maraini, Dorothy Parker, Tom Rachman da sauransu. Ta samar da sabbin fassarori na litattafan [[Agatha Christie]] da yawa, kamar Mutuwa a kan Nilu da ''[[Das Eulenhaus (Roman)|Das Eulenhaus]]'' . An girmama Biermann tare da Kyautar Kyautar Kyautattun Littattafai ta Leipzig ta 2020 don fassarar ''Oreo'', littafin da marubucin Afirka na Amurka Fran Ross ya rubuta don ɗaukar sautin sa daga Yiddish. Mai sukar adabi [[Antje Rávik Strubel]] ya yaba da shi a matsayin "babban nasara" ta mai fassara, "cewa ana canja wasannin harshe masu yawa, onomatopoeias da wadatar ƙirar kalmomi zuwa Jamusanci kuma ana isar da jin daɗin harshe da babban jin dadi na rubutun". Daga 1976 zuwa gaba, Pieke Biermann ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Berlin kuma an dauke ta "mace ta gaba" na ƙungiyar karuwanci ta Yammacin Jamus a cikin shekarun 1980. Tare da [[Gisela Bock]] da Barbara Duden, da sauransu, ta kafa kungiyar "Lohn für Hausarbeit" a [[Frauenzentrum Westberlin]], wanda ya dogara ne akan ƙungiyar mata ta duniya da ta fito a Amurka a farkon shekarun 1970. Kungiyar ta yi jayayya cewa ba kawai aikin gida ba, har ma da karuwanci aiki ne na albashi kamar kowane kuma aikin jima'i hanya ce ga mata a cikin shugabanci don samun 'yancin kai. Tare da wannan hanyar, Biermann, wacce kanta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jima'i na ɗan lokaci, ta fara kamfen ɗin karuwanci. Littafinta "Wir sind Frauen wie andere auch!"''"Wir sind Frauen wie other auch!"Karuwanci da gwagwarmayarsu'' sun raba ƙungiyar mata. An sake buga shi a cikin 2014, tare da jawabai biyar da rubutun Pieke Biermann daga 1980 zuwa 2007. Biermann ya kasance co-kafa kuma memba na kwamitin kungiyar karuwanci ta Berlin ''[[Hydra (Verein)|Hydra]]'' kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da "Prostitutes' Ball" na farko na Jamus, wanda ya faru a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1988 a Cibiyar Taron Duniya ta Berlin . Ta zama sananniya a matsayin marubuciya tare da fiction na aikata laifuka. An buga littafinta na farko a shekarar 1987 kuma ta lashe Deutscher Krimi Preis sau uku. Biermann ta haɓaka labaran aikata laifuka a matsayin labaran sirri a kan yanayin Berlin kuma ta kirkiro yanayin hanyoyin rayuwa. An tsara shi a kan littafin Expressionist metropolitan. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] dwy5tiebo7j5w6ozes97nwx710yu921 905049 905048 2026-08-20T12:56:22Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Pieke_Biermann_(14582531796)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Pieke Biermann a cikin 2014]] '''Pieke Biermann''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga watan Maris 1950, a Stolzenau a matsayin '''Lieselotte Hanna Eva Biermann''') marubuciya ce ta aikata laifuka ta Jamus, mai fassara kuma ɗan jarida. Ita ce ta lashe kyautar mai fassara ta littafin Leipzig na 2020. A cikin shekarun 1970s da '80s, ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Berlin. == Rayuwa da aiki == Pieke' Biermann shine sunan da aka yi rajista. Ta zauna a [[Hanover]] daga 1955, inda ta kammala karatu daga Helene-Lange-Schule . Ta fara karatun adabin Jamusanci da [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]] tare da [[Hans Mayer (literary scholar)|Hans Mayer]] da kuma karatun Ingilishi da [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a Jami'ar Hanover a shekarar 1968. A cikin 1973/'74 ta yi shekara guda tana karatu a Jami'ar Padua kuma ta fara aikin fassarar ta farko. Ta kammala karatunta a 1976 a TU Hannover tare da rubutun digiri a kan batun aikin gida da ba a biya ba. Daga nan sai ta sami tallafin karatu na digiri don rubutun, wanda ba ta gama ba. Ta zauna a Berlin tun 1976 kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai fassara mai zaman kanta na wallafe-wallafen Ingilishi, Amurka da Italiyanci zuwa Jamusanci. Ta fassara Dacia Maraini, Dorothy Parker, Tom Rachman da sauransu. Ta samar da sabbin fassarori na litattafan [[Agatha Christie]] da yawa, kamar Mutuwa a kan Nilu da ''[[Das Eulenhaus (Roman)|Das Eulenhaus]]'' . An girmama Biermann tare da Kyautar Kyautar Kyautattun Littattafai ta Leipzig ta 2020 don fassarar ''Oreo'', littafin da marubucin Afirka na Amurka Fran Ross ya rubuta don ɗaukar sautin sa daga Yiddish. Mai sukar adabi [[Antje Rávik Strubel]] ya yaba da shi a matsayin "babban nasara" ta mai fassara, "cewa ana canja wasannin harshe masu yawa, onomatopoeias da wadatar ƙirar kalmomi zuwa Jamusanci kuma ana isar da jin daɗin harshe da babban jin dadi na rubutun". Daga 1976 zuwa gaba, Pieke Biermann ta kasance mai fafutuka a cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Berlin kuma an dauke ta "mace ta gaba" na ƙungiyar karuwanci ta Yammacin Jamus a cikin shekarun 1980. Tare da [[Gisela Bock]] da Barbara Duden, da sauransu, ta kafa kungiyar "Lohn für Hausarbeit" a [[Frauenzentrum Westberlin]], wanda ya dogara ne akan ƙungiyar mata ta duniya da ta fito a Amurka a farkon shekarun 1970. Kungiyar ta yi jayayya cewa ba kawai aikin gida ba, har ma da karuwanci aiki ne na albashi kamar kowane kuma aikin jima'i hanya ce ga mata a cikin shugabanci don samun 'yancin kai. Tare da wannan hanyar, Biermann, wacce kanta ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jima'i na ɗan lokaci, ta fara kamfen ɗin karuwanci. Littafinta "Wir sind Frauen wie andere auch!"''"Wir sind Frauen wie other auch!"Karuwanci da gwagwarmayarsu'' sun raba ƙungiyar mata. An sake buga shi a cikin 2014, tare da jawabai biyar da rubutun Pieke Biermann daga 1980 zuwa 2007. Biermann ya kasance co-kafa kuma memba na kwamitin kungiyar karuwanci ta Berlin ''[[Hydra (Verein)|Hydra]]'' kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatar da "Prostitutes' Ball" na farko na Jamus, wanda ya faru a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1988 a Cibiyar Taron Duniya ta Berlin . Ta zama sananniya a matsayin marubuciya tare da fiction na aikata laifuka. An buga littafinta na farko a shekarar 1987 kuma ta lashe Deutscher Krimi Preis sau uku. Biermann ta haɓaka labaran aikata laifuka a matsayin labaran sirri a kan yanayin Berlin kuma ta kirkiro yanayin hanyoyin rayuwa. An tsara shi a kan littafin Expressionist metropolitan. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] at3aqh55gb7jrfd1zfz40ywojl7qdxo 0 164929 905051 2026-08-20T13:18:31Z Jidda3711 14843 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363775218|2026 Nigeria Women's Federation Cup]]" 905051 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gasar cin kofin Federation na mata a Najeriya ta 2026,''' wacce aka fi sani da '''gasar cin kofin shugaban ƙasa na mata ta 2026,''' ita ce gasar cin kofin mata na Najeriya karo na 30 wanda tayi nasarar rashin fita da aka gudanar a babban gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta mata a Najeriya, wato [[Gasar cin Kofi ta Matan Najeriya|gasar cin kofin Federation na mata a Najeriya]].{{Infobox football tournament season|title=Women's Federation Cup|year=2026|other_titles=Women's President Federation Cup|logo=|country=Nigeria|dates=6 May — 11 July 2026|num_teams=|winners=[[Nasarawa Amazons]]|count=3|second=[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]|matches=28|goals=109|top goal scorer=|prev_season=[[2025 Nigeria Women's Cup|2025]]|next_season=[[2027 Nigeria Women's Federation Cup|2027]]|updated=}} Rivers Angels sun lashe kambun gasar sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2025 |title=2025 President Federation Cup: Kwara United, Rivers Angels emerge champions |url=https://thenff.com/2025-president-federation-cup-kwara-united-rivers-angels-emerge-champions/ |access-date=1 May 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Football Federation|TheNFF]]}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, Nasarawa Amazons ta lashe gasar ta uku, inda ta doke [[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]] da ci 5-4 a bugun fenariti bayan lokacin da aka tsara ya kare da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2026 |title=Nasarawa Amazons beat Heartland Queens to win 2026 President Federation Cup |url=https://dailytrust.com/nasarawa-amazons-beat-heartland-queens-to-win-2026-president-federation-cup/ |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> == Tsarin == Kungiyoyi 36 daga [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jihohi]] 21 tare da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]] sun shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2026 |title=President Federation Cup: States submit representative teams in men and women competitions |url=https://thenff.com/president-federation-cup-states-submit-representative-teams-in-men-and-women-competitions/ |publisher=[[Nigeria Football Federation|THE NFF]]}}</ref> Gasar ta fara ne da wasannin share fage na ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 8 mafi rauni, waɗanda suka yi nasara sun haɗu da sauran ƙungiyoyi 28 a zagaye na 32 sannan aka ci gaba da fafatawa a zagaye na ƙarshe. An buga wasanni na mintuna 90, kuma an yi kunnen doki kai tsaye zuwa bugun fenariti. An buga dukkan wasannin a wurare daban-daban. == Ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !State !Team(s) |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Abia}} |{{Center|{{nowrap|Ahudiyannem Queens}}}} |- |{{Center|[[Abia Angels F.C.|Abia Angels]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|{{nowrap|Akwa-Ibom}}}} |{{Center|[[Ibom Angels F.C.|Ibom Angels]]}} |- |{{Center|Solo Wonders}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Bayelsa}} |{{Center|[[Bayelsa Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Bayelsa Princesses}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Delta}} |{{Center|[[Delta Queens F.C.|Delta Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|[[Royal Queens F.C.|Royal Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ebonyi}} |{{Center|Esthington}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Edo}} |{{Center|[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Fortress Ladies}} |- |{{Center|Ekiti}} |{{Center|[[Federal University Oye Ekiti|FUOYE]] Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Enugu}} |{{Center|[[Enugu Rangers]] Women}} |- |{{Center|Zorha Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Imo}} |{{Center|[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ikukuoma Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Kaduna}} |{{Center|Gallant Queens}} |- |{{Center|Kada Queens}} |- |{{Center|Kogi}} |{{Center|[[Confluence Queens F.C.|Confluence Queens]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Kwara}} |{{Center|Model Queens}} |- |{{Center|Moje Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Lagos}} |{{Center|[[Robo Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ghetto Tiger Ladies}} |- |{{Center|Nasarawa}} |{{Center|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}} |- |{{Center|Ogun}} |{{Center|[[Remo Stars Ladies F.C.|Remo Stars Ladies]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Ondo}} |{{Center|[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Onimarg FC}} |- |{{Center|Osun}} |{{Center|[[Osun Babes F.C.|Osun Babes]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Oyo}} |{{Center|Pacesetter Queens}} |- |{{Center|Dragon Fury Ladies}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Plateau}} |{{Center|Mighty Jets Mata}} |- |{{Center|[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Rivers}} |{{Center|[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]}} |- |{{Center|Osklean Ladies}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|FCT}} |{{Center|[[Naija Ratels]]}} |- |{{Center|NAF Queens}} |} == Gasar cin kofin ƙasa == An buga wasanni a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2026 |title=NFF confirms President Federation Cup playoff fixtures |url=https://www.aclsports.com/nff-confirms-president-federation-cup-playoff-fixtures/ |website=aclsports}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''NAF Queens'''||3–1|Model Queens}} {{OneLegResult|Kada Queens||1–3|'''Mighty Jets Mata'''}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|Bayelsa Princesses}}||1–2|{{nowrap|'''Ikukuoma Queens'''}}}} {{OneLegResult|Zorha Queens||1–2|'''Esthington'''}} |} == Zagaye na 32 == An buga wasanni a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2026 |title=NFF unveils President Federation Cuo Round of 64 fixtures |url=https://thenff.com/nff-unveils-president-federation-cup-round-of-64-fixtures-asaba-to-host-grand-finale/ |website=TheNFF}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]'''||12–0|NAF Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Abia Angels F.C.|Abia Angels]]'''||2–0|Ikukuoma Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''||3–2|{{nowrap|[[Enugu Rangers]] Women}}}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Remo Stars Ladies]]'''||3–0|Onimarg FC}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|'''Ahudiyannem Queens'''}}||5–0|Moje Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''||6–0|Dragon Fury Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Ibom Angels F.C.|Ibom Angels]]'''||2–0|Fortress Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|Pacesetter Queens||0–1|'''[[Bayelsa Queens F.C.|Bayelsa Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Osun Babes]]||[[Walkover|w/o]]|'''[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''||5–0|Solo Wonders}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Confluence Queens F.C.|Confluence Queens]]'''||[[Walkover|w/o]]|Gallant Queens}} {{OneLegResult|[[Federal University Oye Ekiti|FUOYE]] Queens||[[Walkover|w/o]]|'''Esthington'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Delta Queens F.C.|Delta Queens]]'''||5–0|[[Royal Queens F.C.|Royal Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]'''||3–1|Ghetto Tiger Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Naija Ratels]]'''||5–2|Mighty Jets Mata}} {{OneLegResult|Osklean FC Queens||0–4|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |} == Zagaye na 16 == An buga wasanni a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]'''||3–1|[[Abia Angels]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''||5–3|[[Remo Stars Ladies F.C.|Remo Stars Ladies]]}} {{OneLegResult|Ahudiyannem Queens||0–4|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Ibom Angels]]'''||1–1 {{pso|5–4}}|[[Bayelsa Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens}}||0–2|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Confluence Queens]]'''||8–0|Esthington}} {{OneLegResult|[[Delta Queens]]||0–4|'''[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Naija Ratels]]||1–1 {{pso|3–4}}|'''{{nowrap|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}}'''}} |} == Kwata na ƙarshe == An buga wasanni a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]||0–1|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''{{nowrap|[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]}}'''||2–2 {{pso|4–2}}|[[Ibom Angels]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''||1–0|[[Confluence Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]||0–0 {{pso|3–5}}|'''{{nowrap|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}}'''}} |} == Wasan kusa da na ƙarshe == An buga wasanni a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Robo Queens F.C.|Robo Queens]]||1–2|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]||1–2|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |}{{Football box collapsible}}{{Football box collapsible}} == Na Ƙarshe == An buga wasan ƙarshe a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli a [[Filin Wasar Stephen Keshi na Asaba|filin wasa na Stephen Keshi]] da ke [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]]. [[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]] suna fafatawa a wasan karshe na farko da Nasarawa Amazons, wacce ta lashe gasar sau biyu, waɗanda ke buga wasan su na karshe na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2026 |title=Nasarawa Amazons, Heartland Queens to face off in Federation Cup final |url=https://gazettengr.com/nasarawa-amazons-heartland-queens-to-face-off-in-federation-cup-final/ |website=People's Gazette Nigeria}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Heartland Queens Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]||1–1 {{pso|4–5}}|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |}{{Football box collapsible}} == Manazarta == o7uwizv8yiokoywzgyrewiceuwn1ewb 905052 905051 2026-08-20T13:22:31Z Jidda3711 14843 905052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Gasar cin kofin Federation na mata a Najeriya ta 2026,''' wacce aka fi sani da '''gasar cin kofin shugaban ƙasa na mata ta 2026,''' ita ce gasar cin kofin mata na Najeriya karo na 30 wanda tayi nasarar rashin fita da aka gudanar a babban gasar cin kofin kwallon kafa ta mata a Najeriya, wato [[Gasar cin Kofi ta Matan Najeriya|gasar cin kofin Federation na mata a Najeriya]].{{Infobox football tournament season|title=Women's Federation Cup|year=2026|other_titles=Women's President Federation Cup|logo=|country=Nigeria|dates=6 May — 11 July 2026|num_teams=|winners=[[Nasarawa Amazons]]|count=3|second=[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]|matches=28|goals=109|top goal scorer=|prev_season=[[2025 Nigeria Women's Cup|2025]]|next_season=[[2027 Nigeria Women's Federation Cup|2027]]|updated=}} Rivers Angels sun lashe kambun gasar sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 June 2025 |title=2025 President Federation Cup: Kwara United, Rivers Angels emerge champions |url=https://thenff.com/2025-president-federation-cup-kwara-united-rivers-angels-emerge-champions/ |access-date=1 May 2026 |website=[[Nigeria Football Federation|TheNFF]]}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga watan Yuli, Nasarawa Amazons ta lashe gasar ta uku, inda ta doke [[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]] da ci 5-4 a bugun fenariti bayan lokacin da aka tsara ya kare da ci 1-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 2026 |title=Nasarawa Amazons beat Heartland Queens to win 2026 President Federation Cup |url=https://dailytrust.com/nasarawa-amazons-beat-heartland-queens-to-win-2026-president-federation-cup/ |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> == Tsarin == Kungiyoyi 36 daga [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jihohi]] 21 tare da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|FCT]] sun shiga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2026 |title=President Federation Cup: States submit representative teams in men and women competitions |url=https://thenff.com/president-federation-cup-states-submit-representative-teams-in-men-and-women-competitions/ |publisher=[[Nigeria Football Federation|THE NFF]]}}</ref> Gasar ta fara ne da wasannin share fage na ƙasa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi 8 mafi rauni, waɗanda suka yi nasara sun haɗu da sauran ƙungiyoyi 28 a zagaye na 32 sannan aka ci gaba da fafatawa a zagaye na ƙarshe. An buga wasanni na mintuna 90, kuma an yi kunnen doki kai tsaye zuwa bugun fenariti. An buga dukkan wasannin a wurare daban-daban. == Ƙungiyoyin da suka shiga == {| class="sortable wikitable plainrowheaders" !State !Team(s) |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Abia}} |{{Center|{{nowrap|Ahudiyannem Queens}}}} |- |{{Center|[[Abia Angels F.C.|Abia Angels]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|{{nowrap|Akwa-Ibom}}}} |{{Center|[[Ibom Angels F.C.|Ibom Angels]]}} |- |{{Center|Solo Wonders}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Bayelsa}} |{{Center|[[Bayelsa Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Bayelsa Princesses}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Delta}} |{{Center|[[Delta Queens F.C.|Delta Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|[[Royal Queens F.C.|Royal Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ebonyi}} |{{Center|Esthington}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Edo}} |{{Center|[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Fortress Ladies}} |- |{{Center|Ekiti}} |{{Center|[[Federal University Oye Ekiti|FUOYE]] Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Enugu}} |{{Center|[[Enugu Rangers]] Women}} |- |{{Center|Zorha Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Imo}} |{{Center|[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ikukuoma Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Kaduna}} |{{Center|Gallant Queens}} |- |{{Center|Kada Queens}} |- |{{Center|Kogi}} |{{Center|[[Confluence Queens F.C.|Confluence Queens]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Kwara}} |{{Center|Model Queens}} |- |{{Center|Moje Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Lagos}} |{{Center|[[Robo Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Ghetto Tiger Ladies}} |- |{{Center|Nasarawa}} |{{Center|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}} |- |{{Center|Ogun}} |{{Center|[[Remo Stars Ladies F.C.|Remo Stars Ladies]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Ondo}} |{{Center|[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]}} |- |{{Center|Onimarg FC}} |- |{{Center|Osun}} |{{Center|[[Osun Babes F.C.|Osun Babes]]}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Oyo}} |{{Center|Pacesetter Queens}} |- |{{Center|Dragon Fury Ladies}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Plateau}} |{{Center|Mighty Jets Mata}} |- |{{Center|[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|Rivers}} |{{Center|[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]}} |- |{{Center|Osklean Ladies}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|FCT}} |{{Center|[[Naija Ratels]]}} |- |{{Center|NAF Queens}} |} == Gasar cin kofin ƙasa == An buga wasanni a ranar 6 ga watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2026 |title=NFF confirms President Federation Cup playoff fixtures |url=https://www.aclsports.com/nff-confirms-president-federation-cup-playoff-fixtures/ |website=aclsports}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''NAF Queens'''||3–1|Model Queens}} {{OneLegResult|Kada Queens||1–3|'''Mighty Jets Mata'''}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|Bayelsa Princesses}}||1–2|{{nowrap|'''Ikukuoma Queens'''}}}} {{OneLegResult|Zorha Queens||1–2|'''Esthington'''}} |} == Zagaye na 32 == An buga wasanni a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2026 |title=NFF unveils President Federation Cuo Round of 64 fixtures |url=https://thenff.com/nff-unveils-president-federation-cup-round-of-64-fixtures-asaba-to-host-grand-finale/ |website=TheNFF}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]'''||12–0|NAF Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Abia Angels F.C.|Abia Angels]]'''||2–0|Ikukuoma Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''||3–2|{{nowrap|[[Enugu Rangers]] Women}}}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Remo Stars Ladies]]'''||3–0|Onimarg FC}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|'''Ahudiyannem Queens'''}}||5–0|Moje Queens}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''||6–0|Dragon Fury Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Ibom Angels F.C.|Ibom Angels]]'''||2–0|Fortress Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|Pacesetter Queens||0–1|'''[[Bayelsa Queens F.C.|Bayelsa Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Osun Babes]]||[[Walkover|w/o]]|'''[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''||5–0|Solo Wonders}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Confluence Queens F.C.|Confluence Queens]]'''||[[Walkover|w/o]]|Gallant Queens}} {{OneLegResult|[[Federal University Oye Ekiti|FUOYE]] Queens||[[Walkover|w/o]]|'''Esthington'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Delta Queens F.C.|Delta Queens]]'''||5–0|[[Royal Queens F.C.|Royal Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]'''||3–1|Ghetto Tiger Ladies}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Naija Ratels]]'''||5–2|Mighty Jets Mata}} {{OneLegResult|Osklean FC Queens||0–4|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |} == Zagaye na 16 == An buga wasanni a ranar 2 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]'''||3–1|[[Abia Angels]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''||5–3|[[Remo Stars Ladies F.C.|Remo Stars Ladies]]}} {{OneLegResult|Ahudiyannem Queens||0–4|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Ibom Angels]]'''||1–1 {{pso|5–4}}|[[Bayelsa Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|{{nowrap|[[Plateau United F.C.|Plateau United]] Queens}}||0–2|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Confluence Queens]]'''||8–0|Esthington}} {{OneLegResult|[[Delta Queens]]||0–4|'''[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Naija Ratels]]||1–1 {{pso|3–4}}|'''{{nowrap|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}}'''}} |} == Kwata na ƙarshe == An buga wasanni a ranar 17 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Rivers Angels F.C.|Rivers Angels]]||0–1|'''[[Robo Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|'''{{nowrap|[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]}}'''||2–2 {{pso|4–2}}|[[Ibom Angels]]}} {{OneLegResult|'''[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]'''||1–0|[[Confluence Queens]]}} {{OneLegResult|[[Edo Queens F.C.|Edo Queens]]||0–0 {{pso|3–5}}|'''{{nowrap|[[Nasarawa Amazons]]}}'''}} |} == Wasan kusa da na ƙarshe == An buga wasanni a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni.{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Robo Queens F.C.|Robo Queens]]||1–2|'''[[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]'''}} {{OneLegResult|[[Sunshine Queens F.C.|Sunshine Queens]]||1–2|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |}{{Football box collapsible}}{{Football box collapsible}} == Na Ƙarshe == An buga wasan ƙarshe a ranar 11 ga watan Yuli a [[Filin Wasar Stephen Keshi na Asaba|filin wasa na Stephen Keshi]] da ke [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]]. [[Heartland Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]] suna fafatawa a wasan karshe na farko da Nasarawa Amazons, wacce ta lashe gasar sau biyu, waɗanda ke buga wasan su na karshe na biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2026 |title=Nasarawa Amazons, Heartland Queens to face off in Federation Cup final |url=https://gazettengr.com/nasarawa-amazons-heartland-queens-to-face-off-in-federation-cup-final/ |website=People's Gazette Nigeria}}</ref>{{OneLegStart}} {{OneLegResult|[[Heartland Queens Queens F.C.|Heartland Queens]]||1–1 {{pso|4–5}}|'''[[Nasarawa Amazons]]'''}} |}{{Football box collapsible}} == Manazarta == lh4l1prahh3ct7xrzk0wq46y88h9tu4 0 164930 905057 2026-08-20T13:37:27Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1158942280|Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler]]" 905057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler''' (1657 - c. 1706) mawaki ce ta Jamus. A cikin 1686 Zeidler ya buga ''Jungferlicher Zeitvertreiber'' (Pastime for Virgins), tarin waƙoƙi. Tare da sauran marubuta mata na [[Baroque]] kamar [[Anna Ovena Hoyer]] da [[Sibylla Schwarz]], Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler ta goyi bayan haƙƙin mata, musamman haƙƙin mata don shiga cikin jama'a da na wallafe-wallafen. Ayyukanta Beglau-bigung der Jungfer Poeterey, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1686, an dauke shi rubutu ne na gargajiya game da kare hakkin mata na marubuci.<ref name="Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> == Manazarta == izdcst0o0c08zyb0wfu8spjcyl2b1fn 905059 905057 2026-08-20T13:37:51Z Usman saadu 46863 905059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler''' (1657 - c. 1706) mawaki ce ta Jamus. A cikin 1686 Zeidler ya buga ''Jungferlicher Zeitvertreiber'' (Pastime for Virgins), tarin waƙoƙi. Tare da sauran marubuta mata na [[Baroque]] kamar [[Anna Ovena Hoyer]] da [[Sibylla Schwarz]], Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler ta goyi bayan haƙƙin mata, musamman haƙƙin mata don shiga cikin jama'a da na wallafe-wallafen. Ayyukanta Beglau-bigung der Jungfer Poeterey, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1686, an dauke shi rubutu ne na gargajiya game da kare hakkin mata na marubuci.<ref name="Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6hu6r4e0y5q4ifujofx7y6hz5n6114c 905061 905059 2026-08-20T13:38:47Z Usman saadu 46863 905061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler''' (1657 - c. 1706) mawaki ce ta Jamus. A cikin A shekara ta 1686 Zeidler ya buga ''Jungferlicher Zeitvertreiber'' (Pastime for Virgins), tarin waƙoƙi. Tare da sauran marubuta mata na [[Baroque]] kamar [[Anna Ovena Hoyer]] da [[Sibylla Schwarz]], Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler ta goyi bayan haƙƙin mata, musamman haƙƙin mata don shiga cikin jama'a da na wallafe-wallafen. Ayyukanta Beglau-bigung der Jungfer Poeterey, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 1686, an dauke shi rubutu ne na gargajiya game da kare hakkin mata na marubuci.<ref name="Susanna Elizabeth Zeidler">{{Cite book|ref=etal}}</ref> == Manazarta == b6y2imx6x0okhdy34r9armkyfcgnw7e 0 164931 905058 2026-08-20T13:37:51Z Jidda3711 14843 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367911844|81st Division (Nigeria)]]" 905058 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sashe na 81 (Sojojin Ruwa)''' tana ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin sojoji guda biyu da aka haɗa a [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|rundunar sojojin Najeriya]] (NA), waɗanda suka ƙware a yaƙin ruwa, makamai masu linzami, tsaron bakin teku, yaƙin hamada da daji, yaƙin da aka shirya, samar da tsaro a tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma leƙen asiri. Wannan rukunin yana aiki tun daga 2002. Tana da wani yanki na alhakin da ya shafi jihohin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Jihar Ogun|Ogun]] na Najeriya. == Tarihi == An yi masa lamba domin girmama Sashen 81 (Yammacin Afirka). An kafa Sashen wanda ya maye gurbin Rundunar Garrison ta Legas (LGC) a shekarar 2000. An kafa Sashen da ya fi ƙaranta a Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-org.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == Sashen da aka riga aka haɗa ya haɗa da: <ref name="Nigerian Army Order of Battle">{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army Order of Battle |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-orbat.htm |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>   == Kwamandoji == * Manjo Janar Enobong Udoh (5 Fabrairu 2018 - 7 Agusta 2018) * Manjo Janar Musa Sani Yusuf (7 ga Agusta 2018 – 23 ga Yuli 2019) * Manjo Janar Johnson Olubunmi Irefin (23 Yuli 2019 – 22 Yuli 2020) * Manjo Janar Godwin Umelo (22 Yuli 2020 - 13 Maris 2021) * Manjo Janar Lawrence Fejokwu (13 Maris 2021 - 15 Fabrairu 2022) * Manjo Janar Umar Thama Musa (15 ga Fabrairu 2022 - 29 ga Yuli 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Orientalnews |date=2022-02-15 |title=Major General Umar Musa Takes Over At Army 81 Division |url=https://orientalnewsng.com/major-general-umar-musa-takes-over-at-army-81-division/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Oriental News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Manjo Janar Obinna Ajunwa (29 ga Yuli 2022 - 27 ga Yuli 2023) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Nigeria Army: Chief of Army Staff reshuffle top officers as security threat worse |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/crgexxvv7n8o |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> * Manjo Janar [[Mohammed Usman (General)|Mohammed Takuti Usman]] (27 Yuli 2023 - 24 Yuli 2024) * Major General Farouk Umar Mijinyawa (24 July 2024 - present) == Manazarta == 1z63o470s6hp46nw9xs671zsaepygyi 905062 905058 2026-08-20T13:39:05Z Jidda3711 14843 Saka databox 905062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Sashe na 81 (Sojojin Ruwa)''' tana ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin sojoji guda biyu da aka haɗa a [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|rundunar sojojin Najeriya]] (NA), waɗanda suka ƙware a yaƙin ruwa, makamai masu linzami, tsaron bakin teku, yaƙin hamada da daji, yaƙin da aka shirya, samar da tsaro a tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma leƙen asiri. Wannan rukunin yana aiki tun daga 2002. Tana da wani yanki na alhakin da ya shafi jihohin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Jihar Ogun|Ogun]] na Najeriya. == Tarihi == An yi masa lamba domin girmama Sashen 81 (Yammacin Afirka). An kafa Sashen wanda ya maye gurbin Rundunar Garrison ta Legas (LGC) a shekarar 2000. An kafa Sashen da ya fi ƙaranta a Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-org.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == Sashen da aka riga aka haɗa ya haɗa da: <ref name="Nigerian Army Order of Battle">{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army Order of Battle |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-orbat.htm |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>   == Kwamandoji == * Manjo Janar Enobong Udoh (5 Fabrairu 2018 - 7 Agusta 2018) * Manjo Janar Musa Sani Yusuf (7 ga Agusta 2018 – 23 ga Yuli 2019) * Manjo Janar Johnson Olubunmi Irefin (23 Yuli 2019 – 22 Yuli 2020) * Manjo Janar Godwin Umelo (22 Yuli 2020 - 13 Maris 2021) * Manjo Janar Lawrence Fejokwu (13 Maris 2021 - 15 Fabrairu 2022) * Manjo Janar Umar Thama Musa (15 ga Fabrairu 2022 - 29 ga Yuli 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Orientalnews |date=2022-02-15 |title=Major General Umar Musa Takes Over At Army 81 Division |url=https://orientalnewsng.com/major-general-umar-musa-takes-over-at-army-81-division/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Oriental News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Manjo Janar Obinna Ajunwa (29 ga Yuli 2022 - 27 ga Yuli 2023) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Nigeria Army: Chief of Army Staff reshuffle top officers as security threat worse |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/crgexxvv7n8o |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> * Manjo Janar [[Mohammed Usman (General)|Mohammed Takuti Usman]] (27 Yuli 2023 - 24 Yuli 2024) * Major General Farouk Umar Mijinyawa (24 July 2024 - present) == Manazarta == r6u1qiqm3ncx8u3mny4yovigx86xpzu 905111 905062 2026-08-20T16:24:36Z Baffa ali 47435 905111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Sashe na 81 (Sojojin Ruwa)''' tana ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin sojoji guda biyu da aka haɗa a [[Sojojin Ƙasa na Najeriya|rundunar sojojin Najeriya]] (NA), waɗanda suka ƙware a yaƙin ruwa, makamai masu linzami, tsaron bakin teku, yaƙin hamada da daji, yaƙin da aka shirya, samar da tsaro a tashoshin jiragen ruwa ko tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da kuma leƙen asiri. Wannan rukunin yana aiki tun daga shekara ta 2002. Tana da wani yanki na alhakin da ya shafi jihohin [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]] da [[Jihar Ogun|Ogun]] na Najeriya. == Tarihi == An yi masa lamba domin girmama Sashen 81 (Yammacin Afirka). An kafa Sashen wanda ya maye gurbin Rundunar Garrison ta Legas (LGC) a shekarar 2000. An kafa Sashen da ya fi ƙaranta a Rundunar Sojojin Najeriya a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-org.htm |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=www.globalsecurity.org}}</ref> == Tsarin gini == Sashen da aka riga aka haɗa ya haɗa da: <ref name="Nigerian Army Order of Battle">{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Army Order of Battle |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/nigeria/army-orbat.htm |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>   == Kwamandoji == * Manjo Janar Enobong Udoh (5 Fabrairu 2018 - 7 Agusta 2018) * Manjo Janar Musa Sani Yusuf (7 ga Agusta 2018 – 23 ga Yuli 2019) * Manjo Janar Johnson Olubunmi Irefin (23 Yuli 2019 – 22 Yuli 2020) * Manjo Janar Godwin Umelo (22 Yuli 2020 - 13 Maris 2021) * Manjo Janar Lawrence Fejokwu (13 Maris 2021 - 15 Fabrairu 2022) * Manjo Janar Umar Thama Musa (15 ga Fabrairu 2022 - 29 ga Yuli 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Orientalnews |date=2022-02-15 |title=Major General Umar Musa Takes Over At Army 81 Division |url=https://orientalnewsng.com/major-general-umar-musa-takes-over-at-army-81-division/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Oriental News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> * Manjo Janar Obinna Ajunwa (29 ga Yuli 2022 - 27 ga Yuli 2023) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Nigeria Army: Chief of Army Staff reshuffle top officers as security threat worse |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/crgexxvv7n8o |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> * Manjo Janar [[Mohammed Usman (General)|Mohammed Takuti Usman]] (27 Yuli 2023 - 24 Yuli 2024) * Major General Farouk Umar Mijinyawa (24 July 2024 - present) == Manazarta == m9339c5vgv6zyx4h2uwiax8lmnaxgyf 0 164932 905067 2026-08-20T13:58:17Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348824608|Christiana Mariana von Ziegler]]" 905067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christiana Mariana von Ziegler''' (28 Yuni 1695 - 1 Mayu 1760) mawaki ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. An fi saninta da matani na [[Easter|Ista]]-linkid="8" href="./Bach_cantata" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bach cantata">Cantatas tara, wanda [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] ya rubuta bayan Easter a cikin 1725. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi '''Christiana Mariana Romanus''' a [[Leipzig]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a 1701. Ta fara aikinta na wallafe-wallafen bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Kyaftin von Ziegler a cikin 1722. Ta koma Leipzig, inda ta zauna a gidan dangi, Romanushaus, tare da mahaifiyarta. Mahaifinta Franz Conrad Romanus (1671-1746) ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci saboda rashin bin doka. Duk da mawuyacin yanayin iyali, gidan ya zama gidan wallafe-wallafen da kiɗa. Johann Christoph Gottsched ya karfafa aikin waka. Ta zama mace ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen Gottsched, ''Deutsche Gesellschaft'' . A shekara ta 1741 ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma aikinta na wallafe-wallafen ya ƙare. Ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1760 a Frankfurt an der Oder, Jamus . == Manazarta == shaurz923nga0bxzowzfmfm7nw6q76h 905068 905067 2026-08-20T13:58:52Z Usman saadu 46863 905068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christiana Mariana von Ziegler''' (28 Yuni 1695 - 1 Mayu 1760) mawaki ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. An fi saninta da matani na [[Easter|Ista]]-linkid="8" href="./Bach_cantata" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bach cantata">Cantatas tara, wanda [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] ya rubuta bayan Easter a cikin 1725. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi '''Christiana Mariana Romanus''' a [[Leipzig]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a 1701. Ta fara aikinta na wallafe-wallafen bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Kyaftin von Ziegler a cikin 1722. Ta koma Leipzig, inda ta zauna a gidan dangi, Romanushaus, tare da mahaifiyarta. Mahaifinta Franz Conrad Romanus (1671-1746) ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci saboda rashin bin doka. Duk da mawuyacin yanayin iyali, gidan ya zama gidan wallafe-wallafen da kiɗa. Johann Christoph Gottsched ya karfafa aikin waka. Ta zama mace ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen Gottsched, ''Deutsche Gesellschaft'' . A shekara ta 1741 ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma aikinta na wallafe-wallafen ya ƙare. Ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1760 a Frankfurt an der Oder, Jamus . == Manazarta == czha69bj29wi7uiiqa4dr8qpokc0duy 905069 905068 2026-08-20T13:59:32Z Usman saadu 46863 905069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christiana Mariana von Ziegler''' (28 ga watan Yuni A shekara ta 1695 - 1 Mayu 1760) mawaki ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. An fi saninta da matani na [[Easter|Ista]]-linkid="8" href="./Bach_cantata" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bach cantata">Cantatas tara, wanda [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] ya rubuta bayan Easter a cikin 1725. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi '''Christiana Mariana Romanus''' a [[Leipzig]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a 1701. Ta fara aikinta na wallafe-wallafen bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Kyaftin von Ziegler a cikin 1722. Ta koma Leipzig, inda ta zauna a gidan dangi, Romanushaus, tare da mahaifiyarta. Mahaifinta Franz Conrad Romanus (1671-1746) ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci saboda rashin bin doka. Duk da mawuyacin yanayin iyali, gidan ya zama gidan wallafe-wallafen da kiɗa. Johann Christoph Gottsched ya karfafa aikin waka. Ta zama mace ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen Gottsched, ''Deutsche Gesellschaft'' . A shekara ta 1741 ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma aikinta na wallafe-wallafen ya ƙare. Ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1760 a Frankfurt an der Oder, Jamus . == Manazarta == clcfv3u9fdcqu6w19fotfbfibz1l79b 905116 905069 2026-08-20T16:27:05Z Baffa ali 47435 905116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christiana Mariana von Ziegler''' ( a ranar 28 ga watan Yuni A shekara ta 1695 zuwa ranar 1 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1760) mawaki ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. An fi saninta da matani na [[Easter|Ista]]-linkid="8" href="./Bach_cantata" id="mwCQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bach cantata">Cantatas tara, wanda [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] ya rubuta bayan Easter a cikin a shekarar 1725. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi '''Christiana Mariana Romanus''' a [[Leipzig]], inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari a 1701. Ta fara aikinta na wallafe-wallafen bayan mutuwar mijinta na biyu, Kyaftin von Ziegler a cikin shekarar 1722. Ta koma Leipzig, inda ta zauna a gidan dangi, Romanushaus, tare da mahaifiyarta. Mahaifinta Franz Conrad Romanus ( daga shekarar 1671 zuwa shekara ta 1746) ya sami hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na dogon lokaci saboda rashin bin doka. Duk da mawuyacin yanayin iyali, gidan ya zama gidan wallafe-wallafen da kiɗa. Johann Christoph Gottsched ya karfafa aikin waka. Ta zama mace ta farko a cikin ƙungiyar wallafe-wallafen Gottsched, ''Deutsche Gesellschaft'' . A shekara ta 1741 ta yi aure a karo na uku kuma aikinta na wallafe-wallafen ya ƙare. Ta mutu a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1760 a Frankfurt an der Oder, Jamus . == Manazarta == ad1fsi8mzv103axds1w5ukbh8jdokw1 0 164933 905071 2026-08-20T14:11:14Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617389|Johanna Ambrosius]]" 905071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanna Ambrosius''' (kuma '''Johanna Voigt'''; 1854-1939) mawaki ce ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin manoma matalauta a Gabashin Prussia, ba ta sami ilimi sosai ba kuma ba ta fara rubuta waka ba sai a kusa da 1884. An buga ayyukanta a cikin mujallu daban-daban kuma ta zo ga hankalin marubucin Austrian Karl Weiß wanda ya buga tarin waƙoƙinta. Shahararta ta kai kololuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 kuma yawancin waƙoƙinta an saita su zuwa kiɗa. == Rayuwa da iyali == An haifi Johanna Ambrosius a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1854 a Lengwethen, wani kauye a Gabashin Prussia, ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya goma sha huɗu na mai sana'a. Ta girma cikin talauci kuma ta halarci makarantar ƙauyen a Lengwethen har sai da ta kai shekara 11. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta taimaka wa iyayenta a cikin filayen da kuma a cikin gidan kuma an hayar ta a matsayin baiwa da mai gidaje a cikin gidaje a yankin.<ref name="Ostpreussen">{{Cite web |title=Belkino – Groß Wersmeningken/Langenfelde und Johanna Ambrosius |url=https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002132/https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |website=ostpreussen.net |publisher=Ostpreußen}}</ref> A shekara ta 1875, ta auri Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, ɗan manomi, kuma ta koma tare da shi zuwa Dirwonuppen a Kreis Tilsit . <ref name="Ostpreussen" /> Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Marie (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Erich (an haifee ta a shekara de 1878). A shekara ta 1883, sun sami ƙaramin gida tare da ƙasa a Groß Wersmeningken kusa da Lasdehnen a Kreis Pillkallen . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wille |first=Bruno |date=March 1895 |title=Zwei Dorfpoeten. (Johanna Ambrosius und Christian Wagner). |journal=Das Magazin für Literatur |volume=64 |issue=10 |pages=295–303}}</ref> Friedrich Voigt ya mutu a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1900. Shekaru takwas bayan haka, ɗanta na farko Marie ya mutu yana da shekara 32. Ambrosius ta bi ɗanta Erich zuwa Königsberg a 1908, inda ta zauna har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1939. Kabarin ta yana cikin Neuen Luisenfriedhof (Sabon Kabari na Luisen) a Königsberg (yanzu [[Kaliningrad]]). == Manazarta == 3iup7f5c87j3egxzvlpzm7nobl5eu3g 905072 905071 2026-08-20T14:11:57Z Usman saadu 46863 905072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Johanna Ambrosius''' (kuma '''Johanna Voigt'''; 1854-1939) mawaki ce ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin manoma matalauta a Gabashin Prussia, ba ta sami ilimi sosai ba kuma ba ta fara rubuta waka ba sai a kusa da 1884. An buga ayyukanta a cikin mujallu daban-daban kuma ta zo ga hankalin marubucin Austrian Karl Weiß wanda ya buga tarin waƙoƙinta. Shahararta ta kai kololuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 kuma yawancin waƙoƙinta an saita su zuwa kiɗa. == Rayuwa da iyali == An haifi Johanna Ambrosius a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1854 a Lengwethen, wani kauye a Gabashin Prussia, ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya goma sha huɗu na mai sana'a. Ta girma cikin talauci kuma ta halarci makarantar ƙauyen a Lengwethen har sai da ta kai shekara 11. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta taimaka wa iyayenta a cikin filayen da kuma a cikin gidan kuma an hayar ta a matsayin baiwa da mai gidaje a cikin gidaje a yankin.<ref name="Ostpreussen">{{Cite web |title=Belkino – Groß Wersmeningken/Langenfelde und Johanna Ambrosius |url=https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002132/https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |website=ostpreussen.net |publisher=Ostpreußen}}</ref> A shekara ta 1875, ta auri Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, ɗan manomi, kuma ta koma tare da shi zuwa Dirwonuppen a Kreis Tilsit . <ref name="Ostpreussen" /> Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Marie (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Erich (an haifee ta a shekara de 1878). A shekara ta 1883, sun sami ƙaramin gida tare da ƙasa a Groß Wersmeningken kusa da Lasdehnen a Kreis Pillkallen . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wille |first=Bruno |date=March 1895 |title=Zwei Dorfpoeten. (Johanna Ambrosius und Christian Wagner). |journal=Das Magazin für Literatur |volume=64 |issue=10 |pages=295–303}}</ref> Friedrich Voigt ya mutu a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1900. Shekaru takwas bayan haka, ɗanta na farko Marie ya mutu yana da shekara 32. Ambrosius ta bi ɗanta Erich zuwa Königsberg a 1908, inda ta zauna har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1939. Kabarin ta yana cikin Neuen Luisenfriedhof (Sabon Kabari na Luisen) a Königsberg (yanzu [[Kaliningrad]]). == Manazarta == dha7jaull2n0p3sgenpj5c77fkdlkpr 905124 905072 2026-08-20T16:32:37Z Baffa ali 47435 905124 wikitext text/x-wiki ^{Superscript text}{{Databox}} '''Johanna Ambrosius''' (kuma '''Johanna Voigt'''; daga shekarar 1854 zuwa shekarar 1939) mawaki ce ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin manoma matalauta a Gabashin Prussia, ba ta sami ilimi sosai ba kuma ba ta fara rubuta waka ba sai a kusa da shekarar 1884. An buga ayyukanta a cikin mujallu daban-daban kuma ta zo ga hankalin marubucin Austrian Karl Weiß wanda ya buga tarin waƙoƙinta. Shahararta ta kai kololuwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1890 kuma yawancin waƙoƙinta an saita su zuwa kiɗa. == Rayuwa da iyali == An haifi Johanna Ambrosius a ranar 3 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1854 a Lengwethen, wani kauye a Gabashin Prussia, ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya goma sha huɗu na mai sana'a. Ta girma cikin talauci kuma ta halarci makarantar ƙauyen a Lengwethen har sai da ta kai shekara 11. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta taimaka wa iyayenta a cikin filayen da kuma a cikin gidan kuma an hayar ta a matsayin baiwa da mai gidaje a cikin gidaje a yankin.<ref name="Ostpreussen">{{Cite web |title=Belkino – Groß Wersmeningken/Langenfelde und Johanna Ambrosius |url=https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002132/https://ostpreussen.net/ostpreussen/orte.php?bericht=1201 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |website=ostpreussen.net |publisher=Ostpreußen}}</ref> A shekara ta 1875, ta auri Friedrich Wilhelm Voigt, ɗan manomi, kuma ta koma tare da shi zuwa Dirwonuppen a Kreis Tilsit . <ref name="Ostpreussen" /> Suna da 'ya'ya biyu, Marie (an haife ta a shekara ta 1875) da Erich (an haifee ta a shekara de 1878). A shekara ta 1883, sun sami ƙaramin gida tare da ƙasa a Groß Wersmeningken kusa da Lasdehnen a Kreis Pillkallen . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wille |first=Bruno |date=March 1895 |title=Zwei Dorfpoeten. (Johanna Ambrosius und Christian Wagner). |journal=Das Magazin für Literatur |volume=64 |issue=10 |pages=295–303}}</ref> Friedrich Voigt ya mutu a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1900. Shekaru takwas bayan haka, ɗanta na farko Marie ya mutu yana da shekara 32. Ambrosius ta bi ɗanta Erich zuwa Königsberg a 1908, inda ta zauna har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu 1939. Kabarin ta yana cikin Neuen Luisenfriedhof (Sabon Kabari na Luisen) a Königsberg (yanzu [[Kaliningrad]]). == Manazarta == p6gacil11u8r584l1le3lt2o1dhpk8u 0 164934 905075 2026-08-20T14:33:54Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905075 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] hnmwrrxj02h4l97wsjnidfzzumjmu7k 905076 905075 2026-08-20T14:34:55Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905076 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] abfpivq5byq9ud4cd7c1j2naxg1udx6 905077 905076 2026-08-20T14:36:00Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905077 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 1f0uwfbvgffm5yl7u7zi0fay6o6mtli 905078 905077 2026-08-20T14:37:00Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905078 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] rn1e31rjrdihkdfo5kohcmdiq1hb5qz 905079 905078 2026-08-20T14:38:41Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905079 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dnt0895df60iov2gomwgew0lxhafd50 905083 905079 2026-08-20T14:47:08Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905083 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> === Blackpool === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tm3dx6ku87tx3fatt3t81ktkezhyc03 905084 905083 2026-08-20T14:47:45Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905084 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> === Blackpool === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] imrww9c5xu8xhpt85uu542f7n7l9deo 905085 905084 2026-08-20T14:50:30Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905085 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. === Blackpool === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . === Rotherham United === A ranar 18 ga Maris 2026, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Rotherham United har zuwa karshen kakar 2025-26. Rotherham sun koma League Two tare da Clark ya lashe daya daga cikin wasansa tara. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026, bayan da aka ci Wycombe Wanderers, Clark ya sanar da cewa ya kasa amincewa da sabon yarjejeniya tare da kulob din kuma ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title="I thought it would have been cleared up." |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/lee-clark-a-man-who-doesnt-know-if-hes-staying-or-going-at-rotherham-united-8482134 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Rotherham Advertiser |language=en}}</ref> === Hartlepool United === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . Da yake magana bayan nadin sa, Clark ya ce "Dukanmu za mu yi kokari don dawo da wannan kulob din cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, ba tare da sanya wani lokaci a ciki ba, wannan shine burin... Na ji wannan dama ce, duk da cewa ina zuwa matakin, wanda ba zan iya juya ba saboda abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan muka samu daidai ba".<ref name="POOLS" />Sun lashe wasan buɗewa na kakar 2026-27, inda suka doke Barrow 2-0 a Victoria Park. * Football League First Division: 2000–01{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Ingila'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Paul |last2=Lacey |first2=David |name-list-style=amp |date=25 Jun 2013 |title=From the Vault: Recalling How England Won Le Tournoi de France in 1997 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jun/25/vault-england-le-tournoi-france-1997 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Gasar Faransa: 1997 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * PFA Team of the Year: 1992-93 Division na farko, 1997-98 Division na farko. 1998-99 Division na farko * [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] Player of the Year: 1992-93 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rory Mitchinson |date=16 May 2022 |title=Joelinton scoops Newcastle United Player of the Year award |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/joelinton-scoops-newcastle-united-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> === Manajan === '''Kilmarnock''' * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2016{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kocin Wasanni na Watan: Nuwamba 2009, Fabrairu 2010, <ref name="Manager of the Month" /> Afrilu 2010, Oktoba 2011 == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Lee Clarka filin wasan kwallon kafa * Lee Clark management career statisticsaGidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aqhzi0uc4zl5m0m9fwfbweuzej89gi6 905086 905085 2026-08-20T14:52:12Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905086 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. === Blackpool === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . === Rotherham United === A ranar 18 ga Maris 2026, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Rotherham United har zuwa karshen kakar 2025-26. Rotherham sun koma League Two tare da Clark ya lashe daya daga cikin wasansa tara. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026, bayan da aka ci Wycombe Wanderers, Clark ya sanar da cewa ya kasa amincewa da sabon yarjejeniya tare da kulob din kuma ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title="I thought it would have been cleared up." |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/lee-clark-a-man-who-doesnt-know-if-hes-staying-or-going-at-rotherham-united-8482134 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Rotherham Advertiser |language=en}}</ref> === Hartlepool United === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . Da yake magana bayan nadin sa, Clark ya ce "Dukanmu za mu yi kokari don dawo da wannan kulob din cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, ba tare da sanya wani lokaci a ciki ba, wannan shine burin... Na ji wannan dama ce, duk da cewa ina zuwa matakin, wanda ba zan iya juya ba saboda abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan muka samu daidai ba".<ref name="POOLS" />Sun lashe wasan buɗewa na kakar 2026-27, inda suka doke Barrow 2-0 a Victoria Park. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Dan Clark, Bobby, yana taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Derby County . Surukinsa shine [[Paul Baker]], tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa. Clark mai goyon bayan Newcastle United ne.<ref name="POOLS" /> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="8" |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] |1990–91<ref name="Toon1892Stats">{{Cite web |title=Season details: 1990–91 |url=http://www.toon1892.com/detail_season.php?sid=90 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=Toon1892 |publisher=Kenneth H Scott}}</ref> |Sashe na Biyu |19 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |19 |2 |- |1991–92<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Biyu |29 |5 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Full Members' Cup]]}} |1 |35 |6 |- |1992–93<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Farko |46 |9 |4 |1 |5 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Italian Cup]]}} |0 |58 |10 |- |1993–94<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |29 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |2 |- |1994–95<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |19 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |1995–96<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |28 |2 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- |1996–97<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |3 |1 |1 |0 |5[c] |0 |34 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !195 !23 !16 !3 !17 !0 !12 !1 !240 !27 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |1997–98 |Sashe na Farko |46 |13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Football League play-offs]]}} |0 |52 |13 |- |1998–99 |Sashe na Farko |27 |3 |2 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !73 !16 !4 !0 !5 !0 !3 !0 !85 !16 |- | rowspan="7" |Fulham |1999–2000 |Sashe na Farko |42 |8 |4 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |52 |9 |- |2000–01 |Sashe na Farko |45 |7 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |50 |7 |- |2001–02 |Gasar Firimiya |9 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2002–03 |Gasar Firimiya |11 |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |2[c] |0 |15 |3 |- |2003–04 |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |27 |2 |- |2004–05 |Gasar Firimiya |17 |1 |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !149 !20 !12 !0 !15 !2 !2 !0 !178 !22 |- |Newcastle United |2005–06<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |22 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !439 !60 !34 !3 !38 !2 !17 !1 !528 !66 |} {{Notelist}} == Kididdigar gudanarwa == ''Ya zuwa 15 ga Agusta 2026'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="5" |Rubuce-rubuce ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Abbr|P|Matches played}} !{{Abbr|W|Matches won}} !{{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}} !{{Abbr|L|Matches lost}} !{{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |- | align="left" |Garin Huddersfield | align="left" |15 ga Disamba 2008 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2012{{WDL|177|86|51|40|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huddersfield: Results/matches: 2008/09 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1309&teamTabs=results&season_id=138 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Birnin Birmingham | align="left" |26 Yuni 2012 | align="left" |20 ga Oktoba 2014{{WDL|116|33|35|48|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Blackpool | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2014 | align="left" |9 ga Mayu 2015 {{WDL|33|3|11|19|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Kilmarnock | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2016 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017{{WDL|44|10|14|20|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Bury F.C.|Kabari]] | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017 | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2017{{WDL|33|9|7|17|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager">{{Cite web |title=Managers: Lee Clark |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id=2137 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Blyth Spartans | align="left" |1 Yuni 2019 | align="left" |4 Maris 2020 <ref name="BlythOut" />{{WDL|35|7|6|22|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |8 Maris 2021 | align="left" |19 Yuni 2021{{WDL|8|4|2|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Lee Clark is out of Africa (Again) after only 51 days in the job |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/lee-clark-is-out-of-africa-again-after-only-51-days-in-the-job-34774473}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad | align="left" |14 Nuwamba 2021 | align="left" |28 Janairu 2022{{WDL|7|1|2|4}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Oman Professional League Results |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/football/competitions/oman/professional-league/results/2021-2022}}</ref> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |29 Janairu 2022 | align="left" |21 Maris 2022{{WDL|6|3|1|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com" /> |- | align="left" |Rotherham United | align="left" |18 Maris 2026 | align="left" |2 ga Mayu 2026{{WDL|9|1|2|6}} | |- | align="left" |Hartlepool United | align="left" |14 ga Mayu 2026 | align="left" |Yanzu |2 |2 |0 |0 |100.00 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|471|159|131|181|decimals=1}} ! |} == Daraja == === Mai kunnawa === '''Newcastle United''' * Football League First Division: 1992–93{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Sunderland''' * Football League First Division: 1998–99{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Fulham''' * Football League First Division: 2000–01{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Ingila'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Paul |last2=Lacey |first2=David |name-list-style=amp |date=25 Jun 2013 |title=From the Vault: Recalling How England Won Le Tournoi de France in 1997 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jun/25/vault-england-le-tournoi-france-1997 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Gasar Faransa: 1997 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * PFA Team of the Year: 1992-93 Division na farko, 1997-98 Division na farko. 1998-99 Division na farko * [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] Player of the Year: 1992-93 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rory Mitchinson |date=16 May 2022 |title=Joelinton scoops Newcastle United Player of the Year award |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/joelinton-scoops-newcastle-united-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> === Manajan === '''Kilmarnock''' * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2016{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kocin Wasanni na Watan: Nuwamba 2009, Fabrairu 2010, <ref name="Manager of the Month" /> Afrilu 2010, Oktoba 2011 == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Lee Clarka filin wasan kwallon kafa * Lee Clark management career statisticsaGidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k24juh421857r9ypi7u88icuh88jbyg 905087 905086 2026-08-20T14:52:46Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369541269|Lee Clark (footballer)]]" 905087 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> === Blackpool === A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2014, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Blackpool a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda. Da yake sun kasance a kasa a gasar zakarun Turai tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014 kuma sun lashe wasanni hudu kawai a duk kakar, Blackpool sun koma League One a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2015 tare da wasanni shida da suka rage don yin wasa. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2015, Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Blackpool bayan da aka sauke su daga gasar zakarun Turai. Blackpool ta lashe wasanni uku kawai daga 33 da aka buga a karkashin mulkin Clark.<ref name="sbasemanager" /> === Kilmarnock === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . === Rotherham United === A ranar 18 ga Maris 2026, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Rotherham United har zuwa karshen kakar 2025-26. Rotherham sun koma League Two tare da Clark ya lashe daya daga cikin wasansa tara. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026, bayan da aka ci Wycombe Wanderers, Clark ya sanar da cewa ya kasa amincewa da sabon yarjejeniya tare da kulob din kuma ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title="I thought it would have been cleared up." |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/lee-clark-a-man-who-doesnt-know-if-hes-staying-or-going-at-rotherham-united-8482134 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Rotherham Advertiser |language=en}}</ref> === Hartlepool United === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . Da yake magana bayan nadin sa, Clark ya ce "Dukanmu za mu yi kokari don dawo da wannan kulob din cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, ba tare da sanya wani lokaci a ciki ba, wannan shine burin... Na ji wannan dama ce, duk da cewa ina zuwa matakin, wanda ba zan iya juya ba saboda abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan muka samu daidai ba".<ref name="POOLS" />Sun lashe wasan buɗewa na kakar 2026-27, inda suka doke Barrow 2-0 a Victoria Park. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Dan Clark, Bobby, yana taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Derby County . Surukinsa shine [[Paul Baker]], tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa. Clark mai goyon bayan Newcastle United ne.<ref name="POOLS" /> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="8" |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] |1990–91<ref name="Toon1892Stats">{{Cite web |title=Season details: 1990–91 |url=http://www.toon1892.com/detail_season.php?sid=90 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=Toon1892 |publisher=Kenneth H Scott}}</ref> |Sashe na Biyu |19 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |19 |2 |- |1991–92<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Biyu |29 |5 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Full Members' Cup]]}} |1 |35 |6 |- |1992–93<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Farko |46 |9 |4 |1 |5 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Italian Cup]]}} |0 |58 |10 |- |1993–94<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |29 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |2 |- |1994–95<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |19 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |1995–96<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |28 |2 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- |1996–97<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |3 |1 |1 |0 |5[c] |0 |34 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !195 !23 !16 !3 !17 !0 !12 !1 !240 !27 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |1997–98 |Sashe na Farko |46 |13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Football League play-offs]]}} |0 |52 |13 |- |1998–99 |Sashe na Farko |27 |3 |2 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !73 !16 !4 !0 !5 !0 !3 !0 !85 !16 |- | rowspan="7" |Fulham |1999–2000 |Sashe na Farko |42 |8 |4 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |52 |9 |- |2000–01 |Sashe na Farko |45 |7 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |50 |7 |- |2001–02 |Gasar Firimiya |9 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2002–03 |Gasar Firimiya |11 |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |2[c] |0 |15 |3 |- |2003–04 |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |27 |2 |- |2004–05 |Gasar Firimiya |17 |1 |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !149 !20 !12 !0 !15 !2 !2 !0 !178 !22 |- |Newcastle United |2005–06<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |22 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !439 !60 !34 !3 !38 !2 !17 !1 !528 !66 |} {{Notelist}} == Kididdigar gudanarwa == ''Ya zuwa 15 ga Agusta 2026'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="5" |Rubuce-rubuce ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Abbr|P|Matches played}} !{{Abbr|W|Matches won}} !{{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}} !{{Abbr|L|Matches lost}} !{{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |- | align="left" |Garin Huddersfield | align="left" |15 ga Disamba 2008 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2012{{WDL|177|86|51|40|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huddersfield: Results/matches: 2008/09 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1309&teamTabs=results&season_id=138 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Birnin Birmingham | align="left" |26 Yuni 2012 | align="left" |20 ga Oktoba 2014{{WDL|116|33|35|48|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Blackpool | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2014 | align="left" |9 ga Mayu 2015 {{WDL|33|3|11|19|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Kilmarnock | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2016 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017{{WDL|44|10|14|20|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Bury F.C.|Kabari]] | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017 | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2017{{WDL|33|9|7|17|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager">{{Cite web |title=Managers: Lee Clark |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id=2137 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Blyth Spartans | align="left" |1 Yuni 2019 | align="left" |4 Maris 2020 <ref name="BlythOut" />{{WDL|35|7|6|22|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |8 Maris 2021 | align="left" |19 Yuni 2021{{WDL|8|4|2|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Lee Clark is out of Africa (Again) after only 51 days in the job |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/lee-clark-is-out-of-africa-again-after-only-51-days-in-the-job-34774473}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad | align="left" |14 Nuwamba 2021 | align="left" |28 Janairu 2022{{WDL|7|1|2|4}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Oman Professional League Results |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/football/competitions/oman/professional-league/results/2021-2022}}</ref> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |29 Janairu 2022 | align="left" |21 Maris 2022{{WDL|6|3|1|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com" /> |- | align="left" |Rotherham United | align="left" |18 Maris 2026 | align="left" |2 ga Mayu 2026{{WDL|9|1|2|6}} | |- | align="left" |Hartlepool United | align="left" |14 ga Mayu 2026 | align="left" |Yanzu |2 |2 |0 |0 |100.00 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|471|159|131|181|decimals=1}} ! |} == Daraja == === Mai kunnawa === '''Newcastle United''' * Football League First Division: 1992–93{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Sunderland''' * Football League First Division: 1998–99{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Fulham''' * Football League First Division: 2000–01{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Ingila'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Paul |last2=Lacey |first2=David |name-list-style=amp |date=25 Jun 2013 |title=From the Vault: Recalling How England Won Le Tournoi de France in 1997 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jun/25/vault-england-le-tournoi-france-1997 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Gasar Faransa: 1997 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * PFA Team of the Year: 1992-93 Division na farko, 1997-98 Division na farko. 1998-99 Division na farko * [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] Player of the Year: 1992-93 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rory Mitchinson |date=16 May 2022 |title=Joelinton scoops Newcastle United Player of the Year award |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/joelinton-scoops-newcastle-united-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> === Manajan === '''Kilmarnock''' * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2016{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kocin Wasanni na Watan: Nuwamba 2009, Fabrairu 2010, <ref name="Manager of the Month" /> Afrilu 2010, Oktoba 2011 == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Lee Clarka filin wasan kwallon kafa * Lee Clark management career statisticsaGidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3i3ypqlcxxpaghokuerru00xic41qsx 905088 905087 2026-08-20T14:57:20Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 905088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga Oktoba 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a 1993, 1999 da 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka 1995-96 da 1996-97. A cikin 1995-96, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga Janairun 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> === Blackpool === A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2014, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Blackpool a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda. Da yake sun kasance a kasa a gasar zakarun Turai tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014 kuma sun lashe wasanni hudu kawai a duk kakar, Blackpool sun koma League One a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2015 tare da wasanni shida da suka rage don yin wasa. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2015, Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Blackpool bayan da aka sauke su daga gasar zakarun Turai. Blackpool ta lashe wasanni uku kawai daga 33 da aka buga a karkashin mulkin Clark.<ref name="sbasemanager" /> === Kilmarnock === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . === Rotherham United === A ranar 18 ga Maris 2026, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Rotherham United har zuwa karshen kakar 2025-26. Rotherham sun koma League Two tare da Clark ya lashe daya daga cikin wasansa tara. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026, bayan da aka ci Wycombe Wanderers, Clark ya sanar da cewa ya kasa amincewa da sabon yarjejeniya tare da kulob din kuma ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title="I thought it would have been cleared up." |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/lee-clark-a-man-who-doesnt-know-if-hes-staying-or-going-at-rotherham-united-8482134 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Rotherham Advertiser |language=en}}</ref> === Hartlepool United === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . Da yake magana bayan nadin sa, Clark ya ce "Dukanmu za mu yi kokari don dawo da wannan kulob din cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, ba tare da sanya wani lokaci a ciki ba, wannan shine burin... Na ji wannan dama ce, duk da cewa ina zuwa matakin, wanda ba zan iya juya ba saboda abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan muka samu daidai ba".<ref name="POOLS" />Sun lashe wasan buɗewa na kakar 2026-27, inda suka doke Barrow 2-0 a Victoria Park. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Dan Clark, Bobby, yana taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Derby County . Surukinsa shine [[Paul Baker]], tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa. Clark mai goyon bayan Newcastle United ne.<ref name="POOLS" /> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="8" |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] |1990–91<ref name="Toon1892Stats">{{Cite web |title=Season details: 1990–91 |url=http://www.toon1892.com/detail_season.php?sid=90 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=Toon1892 |publisher=Kenneth H Scott}}</ref> |Sashe na Biyu |19 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |19 |2 |- |1991–92<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Biyu |29 |5 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Full Members' Cup]]}} |1 |35 |6 |- |1992–93<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Farko |46 |9 |4 |1 |5 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Italian Cup]]}} |0 |58 |10 |- |1993–94<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |29 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |2 |- |1994–95<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |19 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |1995–96<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |28 |2 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- |1996–97<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |3 |1 |1 |0 |5[c] |0 |34 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !195 !23 !16 !3 !17 !0 !12 !1 !240 !27 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |1997–98 |Sashe na Farko |46 |13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Football League play-offs]]}} |0 |52 |13 |- |1998–99 |Sashe na Farko |27 |3 |2 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !73 !16 !4 !0 !5 !0 !3 !0 !85 !16 |- | rowspan="7" |Fulham |1999–2000 |Sashe na Farko |42 |8 |4 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |52 |9 |- |2000–01 |Sashe na Farko |45 |7 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |50 |7 |- |2001–02 |Gasar Firimiya |9 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2002–03 |Gasar Firimiya |11 |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |2[c] |0 |15 |3 |- |2003–04 |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |27 |2 |- |2004–05 |Gasar Firimiya |17 |1 |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !149 !20 !12 !0 !15 !2 !2 !0 !178 !22 |- |Newcastle United |2005–06<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |22 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !439 !60 !34 !3 !38 !2 !17 !1 !528 !66 |} {{Notelist}} == Kididdigar gudanarwa == ''Ya zuwa 15 ga Agusta 2026'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="5" |Rubuce-rubuce ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Abbr|P|Matches played}} !{{Abbr|W|Matches won}} !{{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}} !{{Abbr|L|Matches lost}} !{{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |- | align="left" |Garin Huddersfield | align="left" |15 ga Disamba 2008 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2012{{WDL|177|86|51|40|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huddersfield: Results/matches: 2008/09 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1309&teamTabs=results&season_id=138 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Birnin Birmingham | align="left" |26 Yuni 2012 | align="left" |20 ga Oktoba 2014{{WDL|116|33|35|48|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Blackpool | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2014 | align="left" |9 ga Mayu 2015 {{WDL|33|3|11|19|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Kilmarnock | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2016 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017{{WDL|44|10|14|20|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Bury F.C.|Kabari]] | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017 | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2017{{WDL|33|9|7|17|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager">{{Cite web |title=Managers: Lee Clark |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id=2137 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Blyth Spartans | align="left" |1 Yuni 2019 | align="left" |4 Maris 2020 <ref name="BlythOut" />{{WDL|35|7|6|22|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |8 Maris 2021 | align="left" |19 Yuni 2021{{WDL|8|4|2|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Lee Clark is out of Africa (Again) after only 51 days in the job |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/lee-clark-is-out-of-africa-again-after-only-51-days-in-the-job-34774473}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad | align="left" |14 Nuwamba 2021 | align="left" |28 Janairu 2022{{WDL|7|1|2|4}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Oman Professional League Results |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/football/competitions/oman/professional-league/results/2021-2022}}</ref> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |29 Janairu 2022 | align="left" |21 Maris 2022{{WDL|6|3|1|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com" /> |- | align="left" |Rotherham United | align="left" |18 Maris 2026 | align="left" |2 ga Mayu 2026{{WDL|9|1|2|6}} | |- | align="left" |Hartlepool United | align="left" |14 ga Mayu 2026 | align="left" |Yanzu |2 |2 |0 |0 |100.00 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|471|159|131|181|decimals=1}} ! |} == Daraja == === Mai kunnawa === '''Newcastle United''' * Football League First Division: 1992–93{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Sunderland''' * Football League First Division: 1998–99{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Fulham''' * Football League First Division: 2000–01{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Ingila'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Paul |last2=Lacey |first2=David |name-list-style=amp |date=25 Jun 2013 |title=From the Vault: Recalling How England Won Le Tournoi de France in 1997 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jun/25/vault-england-le-tournoi-france-1997 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Gasar Faransa: 1997 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * PFA Team of the Year: 1992-93 Division na farko, 1997-98 Division na farko. 1998-99 Division na farko * [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] Player of the Year: 1992-93 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rory Mitchinson |date=16 May 2022 |title=Joelinton scoops Newcastle United Player of the Year award |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/joelinton-scoops-newcastle-united-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> === Manajan === '''Kilmarnock''' * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2016{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kocin Wasanni na Watan: Nuwamba 2009, Fabrairu 2010, <ref name="Manager of the Month" /> Afrilu 2010, Oktoba 2011 == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Lee Clarka filin wasan kwallon kafa * Lee Clark management career statisticsaGidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == ds5f4vxzwxngnbz2zllt9783cy4bvr5 905122 905088 2026-08-20T16:31:02Z Baffa ali 47435 905122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lee Robert Clark''' (an haife shi 27 ga watan Oktoba a shekarar 1972) shi ne kocin kwallon kafa na Ingila kuma tsohon dan wasan kwararru wanda a halin yanzu shi ne koci na kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . A matsayinsa na dan wasa, ya kasance [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] kuma ya taka leda a Premier League na [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] da Fulham, tare da su ya sami ci gaba zuwa saman jirgin, ya lashe gasar kwallon kafa ta farko a shekarar 1993, zuwa shekara 1999 da ta shekarar 2001. Ya kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar Magpies a karkashin Kevin Keegan wanda ya kammala matsayi na biyu a saman jirgin a cikin lokutan da suka biyo baya. Kungiyar Ingila ta kasa da shekaru 21 ce ta rufe shi sau 11 kuma an kira shi zuwa cikakken tawagar Ingila don gasar cin kofin duniya ta a shekarar 1997 Tournoi de France, amma an kira shi kawai a matsayin mai maye gurbin kuma bai taba ci gaba da samun cikakken kwallo na kasa da kasa ba. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasa a shekara ta 2006, daga baya ya koma Newcastle a matsayin kocin tawagar ajiya, kafin ya zama kocin tawalar farko a Norwich City. Daga baya ya zama kocin tawagar farko a Huddersfield Town kuma yana da irin wannan sihiri a matsayin mai kula da Birmingham City, Blackpool, Kilmarnock, Bury da Blyth Spartans. A shekarar 2020 ya shiga kungiyar Newcastle Blue Star a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa, kafin ya koma [[Sudan]] don gudanar da [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] . A shekara ta 2026 ya koma Rotherham United na ɗan lokaci kafin ya koma Hartlepool United . == Ayyukan kulob din == === Newcastle United === An haife shi a Wallsend, Northumberland, Clark ya fara aikinsa a kulob din da ya goyi bayan tun yana yaro, [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] yana zuwa ta hanyar tsarin matasa a kulob ɗin. A shekara ta 1993, ya kasance daga cikin kungiyar Newcastle da aka inganta zuwa Premier League a matsayin zakara sannan ya taimaka musu su gama a matsayin masu cin gaba a duka a shekarar 1995 zuwa shekarar 1996 da shekara ta 1996 zuwa shekara ta 1997. A cikin shekara ta 1995 zuwa shekara ta 1996, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] ta kori Newcastle United zuwa taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn">{{Cite web |last=Ryder |first=Lee |date=24 October 2016 |title=Why Kevin Keegan was wrong to drop me in 1996 title run-in |url=https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-book-launch-kevin-12066658 |access-date=22 March 2018 |website=chroniclelive.co.uk |publisher=chroniclelive}}</ref> Bayan wasan da Newcastle United ta yi 3-3 a Manchester City, Newcastle United ta sayi dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida David Batty don inganta tawagar ta hanyar karewa kuma Clark, wanda ya fi zama dan wasan tsaron gida, ya rasa matsayinsa a gefe. <ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya yi la'akari da cewa wannan kuskure ne wanda ya cutar da ƙungiyar da ke aiki, kuma wannan shawarar na iya rasa Newcastle United taken.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Don tallafawa da'awarsa, Clark ya ambaci kuma ya kwatanta nau'in Newcastle United daga watan Janairun a shekarar 1996 har sai an sauke shi ga dan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron gida Batty; a kan nau'incastle United a cikin sauran wasanni 11 lokacin da Clark bai kasance ba.<ref name="nufc1996RunIn" /> Clark ya buga kusan wasanni a shekarar 200 inda ya zira kwallaye 23 a Newcastle a karon farko a kulob din.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Sunderland === Clark ya koma abokan hamayyar Newcastle na gida, kungiyar [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] ta farko, a shekarar 1997, kuma ya kasance daga cikin wadanda aka inganta zuwa Premier League a shekarar 1999 a matsayin zakara tare da (sa'an nan) rikodin kwararru na maki 105. Shekara guda da ta gabata, ya kasance babban dan wasa a gefen da ya kai wasan karshe na Division na farko, sai kawai ya sha wahala a wasan da aka yi wa Charlton Athletic bayan 4-4 draw a Wembley. Koyaya, a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 1999 an gan shi tare da magoya bayan Newcastle suna sanye da T-shirt tare da taken "Sad Mackem Bastards". Nan da nan aka sauke shi daga tawagar, kuma bai sake buga wa Sunderland wasa ba. === Fulham === Clark ya koma Fulham a shekarar 1999. Ya tattara wani lambar yabo ta Division One tare da a shekara ta 2001, wanda ya ba shi damar fuskantar wasan kwallon kafa na Premier a karo na farko tun Lokacin 1996-97. A shekara ta 2004, ya taimaka wa Fulham ta sami abin da ya kasance, a lokacin, matsayi mafi girma na karshe - na tara a saman jirgin. A wannan kakar ya bude kwallaye yayin da Fulham ta doke [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] 3-1 a Old Trafford a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2003. Clark ya bar Fulham a shekara ta 2005 don komawa tsohon kulob din Newcastle United, bayan ya buga wasanni 149 kuma ya zira kwallaye 20 ga kulob din West London. === Komawa zuwa Newcastle === An ba Clark damar barin Fulham bayan kwangilarsa ta kare a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005 duk da kasancewarsa kyaftin din kulob din a lokacin kakar 2004-05. A lokacin da ya tashi, shi ne dan wasan da ya fi dadewa a Fulham. Daga baya ya koma Newcastle, yana horar da kuma wasa a kwangilar wata-wata. Clark ya zira kwallaye daya ga Newcastle a kakar 2005-06, wanda ya yi nasara a wasan 2-2 tare da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] . Ya buga wasan sa na karshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2006, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a gida. Ya buga wa Newcastle wasa sau 265, inda ya zira kwallaye 28.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Clark ya zira kwallaye ga 'yan makaranta na Ingila a Filin wasa na Wembley a shekarar 1988 a cikin nasara 4-1 ga Ingila.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ya wakilci Ingila a matakin kasa da kasa yana wasa ga Ingila 'yan kasa da shekara 21, inda ya buga wasanni 11 tsakanin 1992 da 1993 a lokacin da yake wasa a Newcastle.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A shekara ta 1997, ya kasance memba na tawagar Ingila don Le Tournoi de France amma bai yi wasa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory Lane |url=http://www.fulhamfc.com/news/2013/may/26/memory-lane |access-date=20 October 2014 |publisher=fulhamfc.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == On 1 June 2006, the newly appointed Newcastle manager Glenn Roeder installed Clark as a first team coach and reserve team manager following Tommy Craig's departure while Clark was still playing for Newcastle.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> He remained as first team coach and as reserve team manager after retiring in 2007 until Roeder parted company with the club and Clark followed shortly afterwards in November.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2007, Clark ya bar mukaminsa a Newcastle don ya zama mataimakin kocin Roeder a kungiyar Norwich City. Clark ya shiga Newcastle Blue Star a watan Yulin 2020 a matsayin darektan kwallon kafa don kula da sashin matasa na kulob din kwallon kafa na ɗan lokaci. == Ayyukan gudanarwa == === Garin Huddersfield === Bayan kungiyar League One ta Huddersfield Town ta kori kocin Stan Ternent a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba 2008, an ruwaito cewa Terriers suna da sha'awar mataimakin kocin Norwich Clark. A ranar 12 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008, an bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan Huddersfield, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku da rabi. Clark ya maye gurbin Gerry Murphy, wanda ya kasance mai kula da kungiyar League One bayan tashiwar Ternent. Mataki na farko da Clark ya yi shi ne ya nada Terry McDermott a matsayin mataimakinsa tare da kawo Derek Fazackerley a matsayin kocin tawagar farko da Steve Black a matsayin koci, dukansu sun yi aiki tare da Newcastle United a baya. Clark ya karbi ragamar a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba; wasan farko da ya yi a kulob din ya ci nasara 2-0 a kan Hereford United a ranar 20 ga watan Disambar. A kakar wasa ta farko a kulob din ya taimaka musu zuwa matsayi na tara a League One . Sun kuma rasa wasanni biyu na gida a karkashin Clark a kakar 2008-09. A kakar wasa ta biyu a matsayin mai kula, Clark ya taimaka wa Huddersfield don samun damar wasa kuma ya zama kocin farko da ya lashe kyaututtuka uku na Manajan Watan a kakar wasa daya tun lokacin da Roberto Martínez a 2007-08. Millwall ta doke Huddersfield a wasan kusa da na karshe na 2009-10.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A cikin kakar 2010-11, Clark ya jagoranci Huddersfield zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar, wanda ya ba su matsayi a cikin wasannin wasa bayan rikodin kulob din 25 da ba a ci nasara ba a gasar. Sun kai wasan karshe bayan sun doke AFC Bournemouth 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa, amma sun rasa 3-0 ga Peterborough United a wasan karshe na Old Trafford. A watan Yulin 2011, ya amince da sabon kwangila tare da kulob din. Clark ya ci gaba da karya rikodin a farkon kakar 2011-12, ya kara tseren da ba a ci nasara ba a wasannin wasanni na yau da kullun na gida zuwa rikodin wasanni 43. <ref name="43games">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2011 |title=Npower commemorate unbeaten run |url=http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0,,10312~2523759,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625044219/http://www.htafc.com/page/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10312~2523759%2C00.html |archive-date=25 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Huddersfield Town F.C}}</ref> An kori Clark a matsayin kocin Huddersfield a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2012 bayan da aka ci Sheffield United 1-0 a gida. === Birnin Birmingham === A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2012, an tabbatar da Clark a matsayin manajan Birmingham City, tare da Terry McDermott a matsayin Mataimakin Manajansa da Derek Fazackerley da Steve Watson a matsayin Kocin tawagarsa ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2012 |title=Clark confirmed as Blues boss |url=http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0,,10412~2823589,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629104944/http://www.bcfc.com/page/News/NewsDetail/0%2C%2C10412~2823589%2C00.html |archive-date=29 June 2012 |access-date=26 June 2012 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C}}</ref> An kawo John Vaughan a matsayin Kocin Goalkeeping kuma an nada Malcolm Crosby a matsayin Babban Scout.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Staff Profiles |url=http://www.bcfc.com/team/Staff-Profiles/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Clark ya sanya hannu kan Peter Løvenkrands, David Lucas, Hayden Mullins da [[Darren Ambrose]] a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2012, da kuma Ravel Morrison, Ben Gordon, James Hurst, Leroy Lita, Paul Caddis, Paul Robinson, Rob Hall, Shane Ferguson da Wes Thomas daga baya a cikin kakar 2012-13. Clark ya jimre da mawuyacin farawa ga mulkinsa na manajan, tare da zane da asarar biyu a wasanni uku na farko a gasar zakarun Turai. Nasararsa ta farko ta zo ne a kan Peterborough amma Birmingham ta sha kashi 5-0 a gida a kan Barnsley a watan Satumba.<ref name="bcfc.com">{{Cite web |title=Birmingham City FC Fixture List |url=http://www.bcfc.com/fixtures-results/fixtures-list/ |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> A lokacin canjin canjin Janairu 2013, Clark ya sayar da Jake Jervis, David Lucas da Jack Butland, waɗanda suka dawo kan aro don sauran kakar. Clark ya yi ƙoƙari ya fitar da Birmingham daga rabin rabin league har sai da ya ci Derby County kuma Middlesbrough ya kai su matsayi na 12 a watan Maris. Duk da karbar zargi daga magoya baya saboda zargin rashin ƙwarewar gudanarwa game da rikice-rikicen jama'a tare da Nikola Žigić, Clark an yaba da shi don gabatar da 'yan wasan makarantar kimiyya a cikin tawagar farko, 'yan wasan da suka hada da Jack Butland, Will Packwood, Mitch Hancox, Callum Reilly, Koby Arthur da Reece Hales. Clark ya ci gaba da fara shekarar 2013 tare da tawagarsa ta samar da kyakkyawan tsari, gami da nasarar 4-0 a Crystal Palace da kuma dawowa 1-0 nasara a kan Bristol City da Leeds.<ref name="bcfc.com" /> Bayan kammala kakar a matsayi na 12, maki 7 daga wasan kwaikwayo, Clark ya sanya hannu na farko don kakar 2013-14 tare da Darren Randolph, Andrew Shinnie da Lee Novak duk sun sanya hannu a kan canja wurin kyauta, yayin da aka sanya rancen Olly Lee na dindindin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colin Tattum |date=8 May 2013 |title=Birmingham City sign Olly Lee on a free transfer from Barnet - Birmingham Mail |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/birmingham-city-sign-olly-lee-3474800 |access-date=20 October 2014 |website=birminghammail}}</ref> Shekarar 2013-14 ta sake farawa da kyau ga Clark, tare da Birmingham ta lashe wasa daya a gasar a kan Yeovil Town yayin da Blues suka fara mafi munin farawa a kakar wasanni na shekaru 25. Duk da mummunan sakamako a gasar (ciki har da wasan gida 18 da aka yi ba tare da nasarar gasar ba) da kuma cirewa daga ma'aikatan kocin ma'aikatan hannun dama na Clark Derek Fazackerley da Terry McDermott, Clark ya sami nasarar ci gaba da Birmingham City a gasar zakarun Turai tare da raunin lokaci daga Paul Caddis a wasan karshe na kakar 2013-14 da Bolton, sakamakon 2-2 ya isa ya ci gaba da kasancewa da ƙungiyar a kan bambancin burin. A ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2014, tare da Birmingham 21st a cikin tebur kuma bayan sun ci nasara a gida a gasar sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekara guda, an kori Clark da mataimakinsa Steve Watson. A lokacin da aka kore shi, Clark ya lashe 33 daga cikin wasansa 116 - mafi ƙasƙanci na cin nasara na kwata na karni daga kocin Birmingham - kuma ya bar kulob din daya a sama da yankin sakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Gregg |date=20 October 2014 |title=Lee Clark had the lowest Birmingham City win ratio for a quarter of a century |url=http://www.birminghammail.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/lee-clark-lowest-birmingham-city-7966828}}</ref> === Blackpool === A ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2014, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Blackpool a kan yarjejeniyar shekara guda. Da yake sun kasance a kasa a gasar zakarun Turai tun watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014 kuma sun lashe wasanni hudu kawai a duk kakar, Blackpool sun koma League One a ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2015 tare da wasanni shida da suka rage don yin wasa. A ranar 9 ga Mayu 2015, Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan Blackpool bayan da aka sauke su daga gasar zakarun Turai. Blackpool ta lashe wasanni uku kawai daga 33 da aka buga a karkashin mulkin Clark.<ref name="sbasemanager" /> === Kilmarnock === Clark was appointed manager of Scottish Premiership club Kilmarnock on 15 February 2016 while they were in the relegation zone. He went on to help Kilmarnock keep their 23-year long Scottish Premiership status by defeating Falkirk 4–1 in the play off final with the latter of the two legs being a 4–0 thrashing with goals from Greg Kiltie (2), [[Miles Addison]] and Kris Boyd. He left the club in February 2017, exactly a year after joining and with the club in the top six. === Kabari === An nada Clark a matsayin kocin kungiyar League One ta Bury a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu 2017. Tare da kulob din a cikin yankin sakewa, an ba shi aikin kiyaye su a gasar kuma ya yi nasara wajen yin hakan. Bayan watanni takwas a matsayin mai kula da Bury, an kori Clark a ranar 30 ga Oktoba 2017. Rashin hudu a jere kafin korarsa ya ga Bury na biyu daga kasa a League One, a ƙarshen Oktoba 2017. === Blyth Spartans === A ranar 1 ga watan Yunin 2019, kungiyar Blyth Spartans ta Arewa ta National League ta bayyana Clark a matsayin sabon manajan su. Ya bar ta hanyar yardar juna a ranar 4 ga Maris 2020. <ref name="BlythOut">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2020 |title=Club Statement: Lee Clark and Paul Stephenson |url=http://www.blythspartans.com/club-statement-lee-clark-and-paul-stephenson/ |access-date=10 April 2020 |publisher=Blyth Spartans A.F.C.}}</ref> === Al-Merrikh === A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin sabon kocin kulob din [[Sudan|Sudanese]] [[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] kuma ya bayyana damar a matsayin 'mai ban sha'awa' da 'banbanci'. Ya dauki nauyin wasan sa na farko - nasarar 2-1 a kan Hilal Al-Fasher a [[Gasar Firimiya ta Sudan]] a ranar 9 ga Maris 2021. Kwarewar farko ta Clark a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF ita ce cin nasara 3-0 a gaban Simba na [[Gasar Firimiya ta ƙasar Tanzania|Tanzania]] a ranar 16 ga Maris 2021 bayan haka ya zargi asarar a kan 'sabotage'. A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2021, Al-Merrikh ya sanar da cewa Clark ya yi murabus a matsayin manajan.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|date=19 June 2021}}</ref> === Al-Ittihad === A watan Nuwamba 2021, an nada Clark a matsayin kocin Al-Ittihad na Oman Professional League kuma ya zira kwallaye 0-0 tare da Al-Nahda a lokacin wasan farko da ya yi. === Komawa Al-Merrikh === A ranar 29 ga watan Janairun 2022, Al-Merrikh ta sanar da dawowar Clark a matsayin manajan su.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=ElMerreikhSDN|title=TEAM NEWS Al Merreikh SC have officially sacked Leonardo Neiva after only 51 days & reappointed @NUFC's legend Lee Clark as a new manager. The Brazilian coach has never led Al Merreikh in any official game. Welcome back, Lee}}</ref> Koyaya, an kori Clark bayan kwanaki 51 kawai bayan da aka ci Al Ahly 3-1 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF . === Rotherham United === A ranar 18 ga Maris 2026, an nada Clark a matsayin manajan Rotherham United har zuwa karshen kakar 2025-26. Rotherham sun koma League Two tare da Clark ya lashe daya daga cikin wasansa tara. A ranar 2 ga Mayu 2026, bayan da aka ci Wycombe Wanderers, Clark ya sanar da cewa ya kasa amincewa da sabon yarjejeniya tare da kulob din kuma ya bar kulob din.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-02 |title="I thought it would have been cleared up." |url=https://www.rotherhamadvertiser.co.uk/sport/football/rotherham-united/lee-clark-a-man-who-doesnt-know-if-hes-staying-or-going-at-rotherham-united-8482134 |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=Rotherham Advertiser |language=en}}</ref> === Hartlepool United === A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2026, an nada shi a matsayin kocin kungiyar Hartlepool United ta National League . Da yake magana bayan nadin sa, Clark ya ce "Dukanmu za mu yi kokari don dawo da wannan kulob din cikin Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa, ba tare da sanya wani lokaci a ciki ba, wannan shine burin... Na ji wannan dama ce, duk da cewa ina zuwa matakin, wanda ba zan iya juya ba saboda abin da sakamakon zai iya zama idan muka samu daidai ba".<ref name="POOLS" />Sun lashe wasan buɗewa na kakar 2026-27, inda suka doke Barrow 2-0 a Victoria Park. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Dan Clark, Bobby, yana taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na Derby County . Surukinsa shine [[Paul Baker]], tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa. Clark mai goyon bayan Newcastle United ne.<ref name="POOLS" /> == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin FA ! colspan="2" |Kofin League ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="8" |[[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] |1990–91<ref name="Toon1892Stats">{{Cite web |title=Season details: 1990–91 |url=http://www.toon1892.com/detail_season.php?sid=90 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=Toon1892 |publisher=Kenneth H Scott}}</ref> |Sashe na Biyu |19 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |19 |2 |- |1991–92<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Biyu |29 |5 |2 |0 |3 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Full Members' Cup]]}} |1 |35 |6 |- |1992–93<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Sashe na Farko |46 |9 |4 |1 |5 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Anglo-Italian Cup]]}} |0 |58 |10 |- |1993–94<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |[[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] |29 |2 |3 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |34 |2 |- |1994–95<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |19 |1 |2 |1 |3 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Cup]]}} |0 |27 |2 |- |1995–96<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |28 |2 |2 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |2 |- |1996–97<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |3 |1 |1 |0 |5[c] |0 |34 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !195 !23 !16 !3 !17 !0 !12 !1 !240 !27 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |1997–98 |Sashe na Farko |46 |13 |2 |0 |1 |0 |3{{Efn|Appearances in [[Football League play-offs]]}} |0 |52 |13 |- |1998–99 |Sashe na Farko |27 |3 |2 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !73 !16 !4 !0 !5 !0 !3 !0 !85 !16 |- | rowspan="7" |Fulham |1999–2000 |Sashe na Farko |42 |8 |4 |0 |6 |1 | colspan="2" | - |52 |9 |- |2000–01 |Sashe na Farko |45 |7 |1 |0 |4 |0 | colspan="2" | - |50 |7 |- |2001–02 |Gasar Firimiya |9 |0 |0 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - |12 |0 |- |2002–03 |Gasar Firimiya |11 |2 |0 |0 |2 |1 |2[c] |0 |15 |3 |- |2003–04 |Gasar Firimiya |25 |2 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |27 |2 |- |2004–05 |Gasar Firimiya |17 |1 |5 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !149 !20 !12 !0 !15 !2 !2 !0 !178 !22 |- |Newcastle United |2005–06<ref name="Toon1892Stats" /> |Gasar Firimiya |22 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |25 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !439 !60 !34 !3 !38 !2 !17 !1 !528 !66 |} {{Notelist}} == Kididdigar gudanarwa == ''Ya zuwa 15 ga Agusta 2026'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Rubuce-rubucen manajan ta hanyar ƙungiya da kuma zama ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Daga ! rowspan="2" |Zuwa ! colspan="5" |Rubuce-rubuce ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Ref|Reference}} |- !{{Abbr|P|Matches played}} !{{Abbr|W|Matches won}} !{{Abbr|D|Matches drawn}} !{{Abbr|L|Matches lost}} !{{Abbr|Win %|Win percentage}} |- | align="left" |Garin Huddersfield | align="left" |15 ga Disamba 2008 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2012{{WDL|177|86|51|40|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huddersfield: Results/matches: 2008/09 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/teams/team.sd?team_id=1309&teamTabs=results&season_id=138 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Birnin Birmingham | align="left" |26 Yuni 2012 | align="left" |20 ga Oktoba 2014{{WDL|116|33|35|48|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Blackpool | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2014 | align="left" |9 ga Mayu 2015 {{WDL|33|3|11|19|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |Kilmarnock | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2016 | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017{{WDL|44|10|14|20|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Bury F.C.|Kabari]] | align="left" |15 Fabrairu 2017 | align="left" |30 ga Oktoba 2017{{WDL|33|9|7|17|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager">{{Cite web |title=Managers: Lee Clark |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/managers/manager.sd?manager_id=2137 |access-date=13 February 2021 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Centurycomm}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Blyth Spartans | align="left" |1 Yuni 2019 | align="left" |4 Maris 2020 <ref name="BlythOut" />{{WDL|35|7|6|22|decimals=1}} |<ref name="sbasemanager" /> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |8 Maris 2021 | align="left" |19 Yuni 2021{{WDL|8|4|2|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2024 |title=Lee Clark is out of Africa (Again) after only 51 days in the job |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/lee-clark-is-out-of-africa-again-after-only-51-days-in-the-job-34774473}}</ref> |- | align="left" |Al-Ittihad | align="left" |14 Nuwamba 2021 | align="left" |28 Janairu 2022{{WDL|7|1|2|4}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Oman Professional League Results |url=https://www.thesportsman.com/football/competitions/oman/professional-league/results/2021-2022}}</ref> |- | align="left" |[[Al-Merrikh SC|Al-Merrikh]] | align="left" |29 Janairu 2022 | align="left" |21 Maris 2022{{WDL|6|3|1|2}} |<ref name="onefootball.com" /> |- | align="left" |Rotherham United | align="left" |18 Maris 2026 | align="left" |2 ga Mayu 2026{{WDL|9|1|2|6}} | |- | align="left" |Hartlepool United | align="left" |14 ga Mayu 2026 | align="left" |Yanzu |2 |2 |0 |0 |100.00 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimillar {{WDLtot|471|159|131|181|decimals=1}} ! |} == Daraja == === Mai kunnawa === '''Newcastle United''' * Football League First Division: 1992–93{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Sunderland''' * Football League First Division: 1998–99{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Fulham''' * Football League First Division: 2000–01{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Ingila'''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Paul |last2=Lacey |first2=David |name-list-style=amp |date=25 Jun 2013 |title=From the Vault: Recalling How England Won Le Tournoi de France in 1997 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/jun/25/vault-england-le-tournoi-france-1997 |access-date=3 December 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Gasar Faransa: 1997 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * PFA Team of the Year: 1992-93 Division na farko, 1997-98 Division na farko. 1998-99 Division na farko * [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] Player of the Year: 1992-93 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rory Mitchinson |date=16 May 2022 |title=Joelinton scoops Newcastle United Player of the Year award |url=https://www.nufc.co.uk/news/latest-news/joelinton-scoops-newcastle-united-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=19 October 2023 |website=Newcastle United F.C.}}</ref> === Manajan === '''Kilmarnock''' * Scottish Premiership play-offs: 2016{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2017}} '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Kocin Wasanni na Watan: Nuwamba 2009, Fabrairu 2010, <ref name="Manager of the Month" /> Afrilu 2010, Oktoba 2011 == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Lee Clarka filin wasan kwallon kafa * Lee Clark management career statisticsaGidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == pudsusi067iss9ne7tazkid9a1zg2aq 0 164935 905089 2026-08-20T15:06:30Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346448910|Stine Andresen]]" 905089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stine Andresen''' (née '''Jürgens''') (1849-1927) mawaki ne na Jamus daga tsibirin Föhr na Arewacin Frisia . Kalmomin ta galibi suna nufin tsibirin ta asali. Baya ga waƙoƙi a [[Jamusanci]], ta rubuta wasu waƙoƙa a Fering North Frisian . == Rayuwa da rubuce-rubuce == An haifi Stine Andresen ga manomi Jürgen Erich Jürgens a Boldixum (yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Wyk auf Föhr]]) kuma ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a can. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu da wuri. Andresen ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Boldixum kuma ta inganta iliminta ta hanyar karatu. Tun da wuri ta kasance tana rubuta waƙoƙi na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda aka karanta a kan bukukuwan. Ta kasance abokantaka da dangin mawaki Friedrich Hebbel, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar gwauruwar Hebbel Christine na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1875 ta auri mai niƙa Emil Andresen wanda ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1890. A cikin 1893 an buga waƙoƙin Stine Andresen kuma an buga su. Lokacin da yanayinta na kudi ya kara muni saboda mutuwar mijinta, marubucin Karl Schrattenthal ya goyi bayanta ta hanyar sake buga ayyukanta. == Manazarta == dts8pta0kgp4txqohxxkdt2nyo5nsv9 905090 905089 2026-08-20T15:06:57Z Usman saadu 46863 905090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stine Andresen''' (née '''Jürgens''') (1849-1927) mawaki ne na Jamus daga tsibirin Föhr na Arewacin Frisia . Kalmomin ta galibi suna nufin tsibirin ta asali. Baya ga waƙoƙi a [[Jamusanci]], ta rubuta wasu waƙoƙa a Fering North Frisian . == Rayuwa da rubuce-rubuce == An haifi Stine Andresen ga manomi Jürgen Erich Jürgens a Boldixum (yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Wyk auf Föhr]]) kuma ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a can. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu da wuri. Andresen ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Boldixum kuma ta inganta iliminta ta hanyar karatu. Tun da wuri ta kasance tana rubuta waƙoƙi na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda aka karanta a kan bukukuwan. Ta kasance abokantaka da dangin mawaki Friedrich Hebbel, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar gwauruwar Hebbel Christine na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1875 ta auri mai niƙa Emil Andresen wanda ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1890. A cikin 1893 an buga waƙoƙin Stine Andresen kuma an buga su. Lokacin da yanayinta na kudi ya kara muni saboda mutuwar mijinta, marubucin Karl Schrattenthal ya goyi bayanta ta hanyar sake buga ayyukanta. == Manazarta == l10e3304ktlbv13rqp8qu4vyqr7vebl 905091 905090 2026-08-20T15:07:27Z Usman saadu 46863 905091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stine Andresen''' (née '''Jürgens''') (1849-1927) mawaki ne na Jamus daga tsibirin Föhr na Arewacin Frisia . Kalmomin ta galibi suna nufin tsibirin ta asali. Baya ga waƙoƙi a [[Jamusanci]], ta rubuta wasu waƙoƙa a Fering North Frisian . == Rayuwa da rubuce-rubuce == An haifi Stine Andresen ga manomi Jürgen Erich Jürgens a Boldixum (yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Wyk auf Föhr]]) kuma ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a can. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu da wuri. Andresen ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Boldixum kuma ta inganta iliminta ta hanyar karatu. Tun da wuri ta kasance tana rubuta waƙoƙi na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda aka karanta a kan bukukuwan. Ta kasance abokantaka da dangin mawaki Friedrich Hebbel, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar gwauruwar Hebbel Christine na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1875 ta auri mai niƙa Emil Andresen wanda ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1890. A cikin shekara ta 1893 an buga waƙoƙin Stine Andresen kuma an buga su. Lokacin da yanayinta na kudi ya kara muni saboda mutuwar mijinta, marubucin Karl Schrattenthal ya goyi bayanta ta hanyar sake buga ayyukanta. == Manazarta == 3hwcehj0vse349f8ynz5574mvfg9d7o 905126 905091 2026-08-20T16:34:29Z Baffa ali 47435 905126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stine Andresen''' (née '''Jürgens''') ( daga shekarar 1849 zuwa shekara ta 1927) mawaki ne na Jamus daga tsibirin Föhr na Arewacin Frisia . Kalmomin ta galibi suna nufin tsibirin ta asali. Baya ga waƙoƙi a [[Jamusanci]], ta rubuta wasu waƙoƙa a Fering North Frisian . == Rayuwa da rubuce-rubuce == An haifi Stine Andresen ga manomi Jürgen Erich Jürgens a Boldixum (yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Wyk auf Föhr]]) kuma ta shafe mafi yawan rayuwarta a can. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu da wuri. Andresen ta halarci makarantar sakandare a Boldixum kuma ta inganta iliminta ta hanyar karatu. Tun da wuri ta kasance tana rubuta waƙoƙi na lokaci-lokaci waɗanda aka karanta a kan bukukuwan. Ta kasance abokantaka da dangin mawaki Friedrich Hebbel, kuma bayan mutuwarsa ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariyar gwauruwar Hebbel Christine na ɗan lokaci. A shekara ta 1875 ta auri mai niƙa Emil Andresen wanda ya mutu a cikin shekarun 1890. A cikin shekara ta 1893 an buga waƙoƙin Stine Andresen kuma an buga su. Lokacin da yanayinta na kudi ya kara muni saboda mutuwar mijinta, marubucin Karl Schrattenthal ya goyi bayanta ta hanyar sake buga ayyukanta. == Manazarta == gkd7b76spn5jvga8bazx6wxciae57vj 0 164936 905093 2026-08-20T15:23:51Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344429922|Constantin Zamfir]]" 905093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantin Zamfir''' (15 ga Mayu 1951 - 3 ga Nuwamba 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Romania wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] . <ref name="prosport">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2011 |title=Vedeta uitată! ProSport prezintă povestea celui supranumit "Papucul zburător"! Spanioli i-au zis 'noul Gento |trans-title=Forgotten star! ProSport presents the story of the one nicknamed "The flying shoe"! The Spaniards called him the new Gento |url=https://www.prosport.ro/sport-life/special/vedeta-uitata-prosport-prezinta-povestea-celui-supranumit-papucul-zburator-spanioli-i-au-zis-noul-gento-9004603 |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Prosport.ro |language=Romanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Zamfir, wanda ake kira ''Papucul Zburător'' (The Flying Shoe), an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1951 a Bucșani, Romania . <ref name="prosport" /> A shekara ta 1969, ya fara buga kwallon kafa a kungiyar Divizia C ta Petrolul Videle . <ref name="prosport" /> Bayan haka ya tafi ya buga wa Voința Ilia da Dacia Orăștie, kafin ya koma Videle a shekarar 1972.<ref name="prosport" /> Daga baya, a cikin 1973, ya shiga Petrolul Ploiești inda ya fara Divizia A a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1973 a karkashin kocin Gheorghe Dumitrescu a cikin asarar 2-1 ga CFR Cluj . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CFR Cluj vs Petrolul Ploiești 2-1 |url=https://www.labtof.ro/romania/1973-1974/divizia-a/1/cfr-cluj-163-vs-petrolul-ploiesti-19-7106/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=Labtof}}</ref> An sake komawa kungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko, amma Zamfir ya zauna tare da kulob din har shekara guda. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] mfyc4w4m5v2joc0qp1fjyfgua04teo9 905095 905093 2026-08-20T15:29:04Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344429922|Constantin Zamfir]]" 905095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantin Zamfir''' (15 ga Mayu 1951 - 3 ga Nuwamba 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Romania wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] . <ref name="prosport">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2011 |title=Vedeta uitată! ProSport prezintă povestea celui supranumit "Papucul zburător"! Spanioli i-au zis 'noul Gento |trans-title=Forgotten star! ProSport presents the story of the one nicknamed "The flying shoe"! The Spaniards called him the new Gento |url=https://www.prosport.ro/sport-life/special/vedeta-uitata-prosport-prezinta-povestea-celui-supranumit-papucul-zburator-spanioli-i-au-zis-noul-gento-9004603 |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Prosport.ro |language=Romanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Zamfir, wanda ake kira ''Papucul Zburător'' (The Flying Shoe), an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1951 a Bucșani, Romania . <ref name="prosport" /> A shekara ta 1969, ya fara buga kwallon kafa a kungiyar Divizia C ta Petrolul Videle . <ref name="prosport" /> Bayan haka ya tafi ya buga wa Voința Ilia da Dacia Orăștie, kafin ya koma Videle a shekarar 1972.<ref name="prosport" /> Daga baya, a cikin 1973, ya shiga Petrolul Ploiești inda ya fara Divizia A a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1973 a karkashin kocin Gheorghe Dumitrescu a cikin asarar 2-1 ga CFR Cluj . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CFR Cluj vs Petrolul Ploiești 2-1 |url=https://www.labtof.ro/romania/1973-1974/divizia-a/1/cfr-cluj-163-vs-petrolul-ploiesti-19-7106/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=Labtof}}</ref> An sake komawa kungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko, amma Zamfir ya zauna tare da kulob din har shekara guda. A shekara ta 1975, ya shiga Steaua București wanda ya aika da 'yan wasa takwas zuwa Petrolul don musayar canjinsa, ciki har da Florian Dumitrescu da Nicolae Pantea . <ref name="prosport" /> A lokacin rani na wannan shekarar, kulob din ya shiga gasar a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] inda suka buga wa [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], Espanyol Barcelona, Cádiz da Granada.<ref name="prosport" /> Zamfir ya yi tasiri sosai kuma 'yan jaridar Mutane Espanya sun ba shi lakabi da "The New Gento".<ref name="prosport" /> Sevilla kuma ta ba shi kyautar pesetas miliyan 2, amma an hana shi canja wurin.<ref name="prosport" /> A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1975, ya zira kwallaye a wasan 3-3 da ya yi da abokan hamayya Dinamo București . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dinamo Bucuresti in 1975–76 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/stiri/68352/dinamo-bucuresti-in-1975-76.htm |access-date=4 December 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko a Steaua ta hanyar lashe The Double, wanda kocin Emerich Jenei ya yi amfani da shi a wasanni 32 na gasar inda ya zira kwallaye takwas, kuma ya buga dukkan wasan a nasarar 2-1 a kan CSU Galați a wasan karshe na Cupa României.<ref name="prosport" /><ref name="RSC">{{Cite web |title=Romania National Champions |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/menu_items/champions.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1975 - 1976 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1975_1976.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Ya kai wani wasan karshe na Cupa României a shekarar 1977, inda Jenei ya yi amfani da shi cikakken minti 90 a cikin asarar 2-1 ga Universitatea Craiova . <ref name="RSCR">{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1976 - 1977 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1976_1977.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> A cikin kakar 1977-78, Zamfir ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 24 da Jenei ya yi amfani da shi, ya taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe wani lakabi.<ref name="prosport" /><ref name="RSC" /> Kungiyar ta kai wasan karshe na Cupa României na 1979 a karkashin kocin Gheorghe Constantine, Zamfir yana buga dukkan wasan a nasarar 3-0 a kan Sportul Studențesc București . <ref name="prosport" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1979 - 1980 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1979_1980.shtml |access-date=2 September 2024 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa biyar da ya yi tare da The Military Men ya kuma buga wasanni takwas a gasar Turai, mafi mahimmanci ya wuce Young Boys tare da nasarar 8-2 a zagaye na farko na Kofin Turai na 1979-80. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2014 |title=Steaua și-a egalat cea mai categorică victorie în Cupele Europene, după 35 de ani! |trans-title=Steaua equaled its most decisive victory in the European Cups, after 35 years! |url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/europa-league/video-steaua-si-a-egalat-cea-mai-categorica-victorie-in-cupele-europene-dupa-35-de-ani-130440 |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=Digisport.ro |language=Romanian}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |title=Constantin Zamfir. European Cup Winners' Cup 1979/1980 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe123118/constantin-zamfir/co1385/uefa-cup-winners-cup/se3914/1979-1980/club-matches/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=WorldFootball}}</ref> A tsakiyar kakar 1979-80, Zamfir ya bar Steaua don shiga kungiyar Divizia B Progresul București, ya taimaka musu samun ci gaba zuwa Divizia A a ƙarshen kakar.<ref name="prosport" /> A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya tafi taka leda a gasar farko ta FCM Galați wanda aka sake shi a ƙarshen kakar. <ref name="prosport" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Divizia A - Season 1980 - 1981 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/competitii/fotbal/national/romania/liga-1/1980-1981/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Daga baya, ya koma Progresul don kakar 1981-82 Divizia A, amma ya sake sha wahala a ƙarshen ta.<ref name="prosport" /> Ya buga wasan karshe na Divizia A a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1982 a wasan da Progresul ta yi da Olt Scornicești 3-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasanni 157 tare da kwallaye 30 a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Divizia A - Season 1981 - 1982 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/competitii/fotbal/national/romania/liga-1/1981-1982/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Zamfir ya ƙare aikinsa bayan ya buga shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙananan rukunin Romania don ƙungiyoyi kamar Metalurgistul Cugir, Dacia Pitești, Chimia Turnu Măgurele, Urbis București, Laromet București (Inter Vaslui da Petrolul Roata de Jos). <ref name="prosport" /> A ƙarshen, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa.<ref name="prosport" /> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Tsakanin 1975 da 1979, Zamfir ya buga wasanni da yawa ga kungiyoyin Romania na kasa da shekaru 21, kasa da shekaru 23, B da Olympic. Musamman, ya zira kwallaye ga kungiyar Olympics a cikin nasara 5-1 a kan Netherlands a lokacin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1976. <ref name="v" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] oibzg6zdsnogwltqf8z8uoq2xslsijq 905129 905095 2026-08-20T16:36:13Z Baffa ali 47435 905129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantin Zamfir''' ( daga ranar 15 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1951 zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 2025) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Romania wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] . <ref name="prosport">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2011 |title=Vedeta uitată! ProSport prezintă povestea celui supranumit "Papucul zburător"! Spanioli i-au zis 'noul Gento |trans-title=Forgotten star! ProSport presents the story of the one nicknamed "The flying shoe"! The Spaniards called him the new Gento |url=https://www.prosport.ro/sport-life/special/vedeta-uitata-prosport-prezinta-povestea-celui-supranumit-papucul-zburator-spanioli-i-au-zis-noul-gento-9004603 |access-date=20 February 2020 |publisher=Prosport.ro |language=Romanian}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == Zamfir, wanda ake kira ''Papucul Zburător'' (The Flying Shoe), an haife shi a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1951 a Bucșani, Romania . <ref name="prosport" /> A shekara ta 1969, ya fara buga kwallon kafa a kungiyar Divizia C ta Petrolul Videle . <ref name="prosport" /> Bayan haka ya tafi ya buga wa Voința Ilia da Dacia Orăștie, kafin ya koma Videle a shekarar 1972.<ref name="prosport" /> Daga baya, a cikin 1973, ya shiga Petrolul Ploiești inda ya fara Divizia A a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta 1973 a karkashin kocin Gheorghe Dumitrescu a cikin asarar 2-1 ga CFR Cluj . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CFR Cluj vs Petrolul Ploiești 2-1 |url=https://www.labtof.ro/romania/1973-1974/divizia-a/1/cfr-cluj-163-vs-petrolul-ploiesti-19-7106/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=Labtof}}</ref> An sake komawa kungiyar a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta farko, amma Zamfir ya zauna tare da kulob din har shekara guda. A shekara ta 1975, ya shiga Steaua București wanda ya aika da 'yan wasa takwas zuwa Petrolul don musayar canjinsa, ciki har da Florian Dumitrescu da Nicolae Pantea . <ref name="prosport" /> A lokacin rani na wannan shekarar, kulob din ya shiga gasar a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] inda suka buga wa [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], Espanyol Barcelona, Cádiz da Granada.<ref name="prosport" /> Zamfir ya yi tasiri sosai kuma 'yan jaridar Mutane Espanya sun ba shi lakabi da "The New Gento".<ref name="prosport" /> Sevilla kuma ta ba shi kyautar pesetas miliyan 2, amma an hana shi canja wurin.<ref name="prosport" /> A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba 1975, ya zira kwallaye a wasan 3-3 da ya yi da abokan hamayya Dinamo București . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dinamo Bucuresti in 1975–76 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/stiri/68352/dinamo-bucuresti-in-1975-76.htm |access-date=4 December 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Ya gama kakar wasa ta farko a Steaua ta hanyar lashe The Double, wanda kocin Emerich Jenei ya yi amfani da shi a wasanni 32 na gasar inda ya zira kwallaye takwas, kuma ya buga dukkan wasan a nasarar 2-1 a kan CSU Galați a wasan karshe na Cupa României.<ref name="prosport" /><ref name="RSC">{{Cite web |title=Romania National Champions |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/menu_items/champions.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1975 - 1976 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1975_1976.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Ya kai wani wasan karshe na Cupa României a shekarar 1977, inda Jenei ya yi amfani da shi cikakken minti 90 a cikin asarar 2-1 ga Universitatea Craiova . <ref name="RSCR">{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1976 - 1977 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1976_1977.shtml |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> A cikin kakar 1977-78, Zamfir ya zira kwallaye uku a wasanni 24 da Jenei ya yi amfani da shi, ya taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe wani lakabi.<ref name="prosport" /><ref name="RSC" /> Kungiyar ta kai wasan karshe na Cupa României na 1979 a karkashin kocin Gheorghe Constantine, Zamfir yana buga dukkan wasan a nasarar 3-0 a kan Sportul Studențesc București . <ref name="prosport" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Romanian Cup - Season 1979 - 1980 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/romanian_cup/1979_1980.shtml |access-date=2 September 2024 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> A cikin kakar wasa biyar da ya yi tare da The Military Men ya kuma buga wasanni takwas a gasar Turai, mafi mahimmanci ya wuce Young Boys tare da nasarar 8-2 a zagaye na farko na Kofin Turai na 1979-80. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2014 |title=Steaua și-a egalat cea mai categorică victorie în Cupele Europene, după 35 de ani! |trans-title=Steaua equaled its most decisive victory in the European Cups, after 35 years! |url=https://www.digisport.ro/fotbal/europa-league/video-steaua-si-a-egalat-cea-mai-categorica-victorie-in-cupele-europene-dupa-35-de-ani-130440 |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=Digisport.ro |language=Romanian}}<br /><br />{{Cite web |title=Constantin Zamfir. European Cup Winners' Cup 1979/1980 |url=https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe123118/constantin-zamfir/co1385/uefa-cup-winners-cup/se3914/1979-1980/club-matches/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=WorldFootball}}</ref> A tsakiyar kakar 1979-80, Zamfir ya bar Steaua don shiga kungiyar Divizia B Progresul București, ya taimaka musu samun ci gaba zuwa Divizia A a ƙarshen kakar.<ref name="prosport" /> A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya tafi taka leda a gasar farko ta FCM Galați wanda aka sake shi a ƙarshen kakar. <ref name="prosport" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Divizia A - Season 1980 - 1981 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/competitii/fotbal/national/romania/liga-1/1980-1981/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Daga baya, ya koma Progresul don kakar 1981-82 Divizia A, amma ya sake sha wahala a ƙarshen ta.<ref name="prosport" /> Ya buga wasan karshe na Divizia A a ranar 9 ga Yuni 1982 a wasan da Progresul ta yi da Olt Scornicești 3-1 a gida, inda ya buga wasanni 157 tare da kwallaye 30 a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Divizia A - Season 1981 - 1982 |url=https://www.romaniansoccer.ro/competitii/fotbal/national/romania/liga-1/1981-1982/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |publisher=RomanianSoccer}}</ref> Zamfir ya ƙare aikinsa bayan ya buga shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙananan rukunin Romania don ƙungiyoyi kamar Metalurgistul Cugir, Dacia Pitești, Chimia Turnu Măgurele, Urbis București, Laromet București (Inter Vaslui da Petrolul Roata de Jos). <ref name="prosport" /> A ƙarshen, ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa.<ref name="prosport" /> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Tsakanin 1975 da 1979, Zamfir ya buga wasanni da yawa ga kungiyoyin Romania na kasa da shekaru 21, kasa da shekaru 23, B da Olympic. Musamman, ya zira kwallaye ga kungiyar Olympics a cikin nasara 5-1 a kan Netherlands a lokacin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1976. <ref name="v" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 1vo8z6w4lrscflpyju2xg5kjzmm58e7 0 164937 905100 2026-08-20T16:14:13Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628697|Libuše Moníková]]" 905100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Libuše Moníková''' (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 a [[Prag|Prague]] - 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1998 a [[Berlin]]) marubuciya ce ta Czech, mai bugawa a cikin [[Jamusanci|Harshen Jamusanci]]. A shekara ta 1968, bayan mamayewar Warsaw Pact na Czechoslovakia, ta tafi Jamus ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faltýnek |first=Vilém |date=2008-03-16 |title=Libuše Moníková: Mé knihy jsou drahé |url=http://www.radio.cz/cz/clanek/101923 |access-date=31 January 2010 |publisher=Czech Radio |language=Czech}}</ref> [[Fayil:Grabstätte_Libuše_Moníková.JPG|thumb|Kabarin Libuše Moníková a Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof, Berlin]] == Kyaututtuka == * 1987: Kyautar Alfred Döblin don Die Fassade . * 1989: Kyautar Franz Kafka (Klosterneuberg) * 1991, Kyautar Adelbert von Chamisso. * 1993: Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Vilenica * 1994: Mainzer Stadtschreiber * 1995: Kyautar Roswitha * 1997: Medal of Merit (Jamhuriyar Czech) * 1997: Cross of Merit (Jamus) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 7ndq9etyflpoa1k9lp8o6yti09wdn9j 905102 905100 2026-08-20T16:14:39Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Libuše Moníková''' (30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 a [[Prag|Prague]] - 12 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1998 a [[Berlin]]) marubuciya ce ta Czech, mai bugawa a cikin [[Jamusanci|Harshen Jamusanci]]. A shekara ta 1968, bayan mamayewar Warsaw Pact na Czechoslovakia, ta tafi Jamus ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faltýnek |first=Vilém |date=2008-03-16 |title=Libuše Moníková: Mé knihy jsou drahé |url=http://www.radio.cz/cz/clanek/101923 |access-date=31 January 2010 |publisher=Czech Radio |language=Czech}}</ref> [[Fayil:Grabstätte_Libuše_Moníková.JPG|thumb|Kabarin Libuše Moníková a Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof, Berlin]] == Kyaututtuka == * 1987: Kyautar Alfred Döblin don Die Fassade . * 1989: Kyautar Franz Kafka (Klosterneuberg) * 1991, Kyautar Adelbert von Chamisso. * 1993: Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Vilenica * 1994: Mainzer Stadtschreiber * 1995: Kyautar Roswitha * 1997: Medal of Merit (Jamhuriyar Czech) * 1997: Cross of Merit (Jamus) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] f66dc364fmus23mv1fcf3l75h6jumwv 905130 905102 2026-08-20T16:38:39Z Baffa ali 47435 905130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Libuše Moníková''' ( daga ranar 30 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 a [[Prag|Prague]] - zuwa ranar ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1998 a [[Berlin]]) marubuciya ce ta Czech, mai bugawa a cikin [[Jamusanci|Harshen Jamusanci]]. A shekara ta 1968, bayan mamayewar Warsaw Pact na Czechoslovakia, ta tafi Jamus ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faltýnek |first=Vilém |date=2008-03-16 |title=Libuše Moníková: Mé knihy jsou drahé |url=http://www.radio.cz/cz/clanek/101923 |access-date=31 January 2010 |publisher=Czech Radio |language=Czech}}</ref> [[Fayil:Grabstätte_Libuše_Moníková.JPG|thumb|Kabarin Libuše Moníková a Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof, Berlin]] == Kyaututtuka == * 1987: Kyautar Alfred Döblin don Die Fassade . * 1989: Kyautar Franz Kafka (Klosterneuberg) * 1991, Kyautar Adelbert von Chamisso. * 1993: Kyautar wallafe-wallafen Vilenica * 1994: Mainzer Stadtschreiber * 1995: Kyautar Roswitha * 1997: Medal of Merit (Jamhuriyar Czech) * 1997: Cross of Merit (Jamus) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 0g9w9q7hn5flsffvqostkjjzx0s2lt2 0 164938 905103 2026-08-20T16:16:13Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628719|Ulrike Henschke]]" 905103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulrike Henschke''' (24 Nuwamba 1830 - 1 Nuwamba 1897, Baden-Baden) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ta Jamus, mai ba da shawara kan ilimin sakandare da sana'a ga mata kuma wanda ya kafa Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha ga mata. Ta kuma kasance marubuciya mai ƙwarewa, ciki har da rubuta littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici. == Bayanan littattafai == An haifi Ulrike Henschke a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1830 a garin Krotoszyn a Prussia . {{Sfn|von Rosling|1931}}Ta kasance memba na Lette-Verein, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya faɗaɗa ilimi a duk faɗin ƙasar, musamman ga waɗanda a baya ba su da damar samun ilimi mafi girma.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Ta hanyar aikinta tare da al'umma, Henschke ta kafa "Dienstmädchenfortbildung", ko tsarin horo ga ma'aikatan gida.{{Sfn|Zahn-Harnack|1928}}Daga baya, ta kafa Viktoria-Fortbildungsschule, ko Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha a [[Berlin]].{{Sfn|Albisetti|2014}}Da yake buɗe ƙofofinta a cikin 1878, Gimbiya Victoria ce ta tallafa wa Makarantar. An nada Henschke a matsayin darektan farko kuma ya haɓaka sabon shirin da ya dace ga ɗaliban da suka haɗu da ilimi na sana'a da na gaba ɗaya.{{Sfn|Linton|2002}} Henschke ta auri Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin, Wilhelm Henschke, kuma tana da 'yar, Margarete, tare da ita ta rubuta littafi kan Ilimi mai zurfi.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Kazalika da kasancewa marubuciya mai daraja na matani game da ilimi, ta kuma buga littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici, a cikin 1870. Henschke ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1897 a Baden-Baden . {{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}} == Manazarta == mzdov1gzf5v0m8r1n3v32hyayyrsk83 905104 905103 2026-08-20T16:16:38Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ulrike Henschke''' (24 Nuwamba 1830 - 1 Nuwamba 1897, Baden-Baden) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ta Jamus, mai ba da shawara kan ilimin sakandare da sana'a ga mata kuma wanda ya kafa Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha ga mata. Ta kuma kasance marubuciya mai ƙwarewa, ciki har da rubuta littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici. == Bayanan littattafai == An haifi Ulrike Henschke a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba 1830 a garin Krotoszyn a Prussia . {{Sfn|von Rosling|1931}}Ta kasance memba na Lette-Verein, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya faɗaɗa ilimi a duk faɗin ƙasar, musamman ga waɗanda a baya ba su da damar samun ilimi mafi girma.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Ta hanyar aikinta tare da al'umma, Henschke ta kafa "Dienstmädchenfortbildung", ko tsarin horo ga ma'aikatan gida.{{Sfn|Zahn-Harnack|1928}}Daga baya, ta kafa Viktoria-Fortbildungsschule, ko Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha a [[Berlin]].{{Sfn|Albisetti|2014}}Da yake buɗe ƙofofinta a cikin 1878, Gimbiya Victoria ce ta tallafa wa Makarantar. An nada Henschke a matsayin darektan farko kuma ya haɓaka sabon shirin da ya dace ga ɗaliban da suka haɗu da ilimi na sana'a da na gaba ɗaya.{{Sfn|Linton|2002}} Henschke ta auri Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin, Wilhelm Henschke, kuma tana da 'yar, Margarete, tare da ita ta rubuta littafi kan Ilimi mai zurfi.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Kazalika da kasancewa marubuciya mai daraja na matani game da ilimi, ta kuma buga littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici, a cikin 1870. Henschke ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1897 a Baden-Baden . {{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}} == Manazarta == cincszrwv5gw71uo2sy831i8bz88pxc 905132 905104 2026-08-20T16:40:33Z Baffa ali 47435 905132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ulrike Henschke''' ( daga ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1830 zuwa ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1897, Baden-Baden) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ta Jamus, mai ba da shawara kan ilimin sakandare da sana'a ga mata kuma wanda ya kafa Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha ga mata. Ta kuma kasance marubuciya mai ƙwarewa, ciki har da rubuta littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici. == Bayanan littattafai == An haifi Ulrike Henschke a ranar 24 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1830 a garin Krotoszyn a Prussia . {{Sfn|von Rosling|1931}}Ta kasance memba na Lette-Verein, wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya faɗaɗa ilimi a duk faɗin ƙasar, musamman ga waɗanda a baya ba su da damar samun ilimi mafi girma.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Ta hanyar aikinta tare da al'umma, Henschke ta kafa "Dienstmädchenfortbildung", ko tsarin horo ga ma'aikatan gida.{{Sfn|Zahn-Harnack|1928}}Daga baya, ta kafa Viktoria-Fortbildungsschule, ko Victoria Continuation School, Kwalejin fasaha a [[Berlin]].{{Sfn|Albisetti|2014}}Da yake buɗe ƙofofinta a cikin 1878, Gimbiya Victoria ce ta tallafa wa Makarantar. An nada Henschke a matsayin darektan farko kuma ya haɓaka sabon shirin da ya dace ga ɗaliban da suka haɗu da ilimi na sana'a da na gaba ɗaya.{{Sfn|Linton|2002}} Henschke ta auri Shugaban Majalisar Dattijai ta Berlin, Wilhelm Henschke, kuma tana da 'yar, Margarete, tare da ita ta rubuta littafi kan Ilimi mai zurfi.{{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}}Kazalika da kasancewa marubuciya mai daraja na matani game da ilimi, ta kuma buga littafin ''Gertrud von Stein'' a ƙarƙashin sunan Clara Ulrici, a cikin 1870. Henschke ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 1897 a Baden-Baden . {{Sfn|Obschemitzki|1987}} == Manazarta == dpm9lbgxbf32v72zswxqc59jodlq3sy 0 164939 905107 2026-08-20T16:18:24Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628685|Hermine Villinger]]" 905107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hermine Villinger''' (9 ga Fabrairu, 1849 - 3 ga Maris, 1917) marubuciya ce ta Jamus kuma marubuciya ce mai gajeren labari, wacce ta kuma rubuta ta amfani da sunan '''H. Willfried''' . An san ta da labarun rayuwar ƙauyen, a cikin nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen Jamusanci da aka sani da {{Interlanguage link|Dorfgeschichte|de}}.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Susanne}}</ref>[de] == Rayuwa == An haifi Hermine Villinger a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1849, a Freiburg . Ta kasance abokiyar marubuciyar Austriya Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach . Ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1917, a Karlsruhe.<ref name="DWW">{{Cite book|last=Anne Commire|edition=Deborah}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0np5qqtdg61kieq6kctdj8ueyuhehlp 905108 905107 2026-08-20T16:18:44Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hermine Villinger''' (9 ga Fabrairu, 1849 - 3 ga Maris, 1917) marubuciya ce ta Jamus kuma marubuciya ce mai gajeren labari, wacce ta kuma rubuta ta amfani da sunan '''H. Willfried''' . An san ta da labarun rayuwar ƙauyen, a cikin nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen Jamusanci da aka sani da {{Interlanguage link|Dorfgeschichte|de}}.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Susanne}}</ref>[de] == Rayuwa == An haifi Hermine Villinger a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1849, a Freiburg . Ta kasance abokiyar marubuciyar Austriya Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach . Ta mutu a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1917, a Karlsruhe.<ref name="DWW">{{Cite book|last=Anne Commire|edition=Deborah}}</ref> == Manazarta == 6jhnzao05521idthyg86ketaml8bof6 905134 905108 2026-08-20T16:42:49Z Baffa ali 47435 905134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hermine Villinger''' ( daga ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 1849 zuwa ranar 3 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 1917) marubuciya ce ta Jamus kuma marubuciya ce mai gajeren labari, wacce ta kuma rubuta ta amfani da sunan '''H. Willfried''' . An san ta da labarun rayuwar ƙauyen, a cikin nau'ikan wallafe-wallafen Jamusanci da aka sani da {{Interlanguage link|Dorfgeschichte|de}}.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Susanne}}</ref>[de] == Rayuwa == An haifi Hermine Villinger a ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar1849, a Freiburg . Ta kasance abokiyar marubuciyar Austriya Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach . Ta mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Maris ashekarar, 1917, a Karlsruhe.<ref name="DWW">{{Cite book|last=Anne Commire|edition=Deborah}}</ref> == Manazarta == kwm02aadny1lgr6bfjwnltm8ukjxymo 0 164940 905113 2026-08-20T16:25:24Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365260250|Charlotte von Lengefeld]]" 905113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|Hoton Ludovike Simanowiz a cikin 1794]] '''Charlotte Luise Antoinette von Schiller''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; 22 Nuwamba 1766 - 9 Yuli 1826) ita ce matar mawakiyar Jamus Friedrich Schiller kuma ita kanta marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lengefeld a Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, cikin iyali mai arziki, kuma an ba shi ilimin da ya dace da rayuwa a kotun ducal ta Weimar . Mahaifinta {{Interlanguage link|Carl Christoph von Lengefeld|de}} (1715–1775), wadda ta mutu lokacin da take ƙarama, ta kasance mai kula da gandun daji (Oberlandjägermeister, Jagorar farauta) na Louis Günther II, Yariman Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, yayin da mahaifiyarta ita ce {{Interlanguage link|Louise von Lengefeld|de}}, nee Wurmb (1743-1823). A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, an gabatar da ita ga da'irorin adabi na Weimar. Ta fara abokantaka da Charlotte von Stein, wacce take tsakiyar da'irar Weimar Classicism a matsayin abokiyar Schiller kuma wani lokacin uwargidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Stein ta bayyana mata sirri a duk tsawon dangantakarta mai sarkakiya da Goethe. Ƙaunarta ta farko soja ce, amma bayan adawar iyalinta an bar alkawarin. == Aure ga Schiller == [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_Fleischmann.jpg|thumb|Rubutun hoto na Charlotte von Lengefeld, mai yiwuwa daga Auguste Christian Fleischman.]] Lengefeld ta fara saduwa da Schiller, sannan kuma sanannen mawaki ne kuma matalauta, a cikin shekara ta 1785, ta hanyar 'yar'uwarta Caroline da dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda daga baya ya zama mijin Caroline na biyu. Sun fara rubutu a shekara ta 1788, kuma, tare da taimakon Lengefelds, Schiller ya zauna kusa da Rudolstadt jim kadan bayan haka. Da alama ya bayyana ƙaunarsa a kanta a wannan shekarar, kodayake Caroline ta tabbatar da su a kowane lokacin rani mai zuwa; Schiller ya rubuta wa Charlotte a watan Agusta, 1789: "Shin ina fatan Caroline ta karanta a cikin ranka kuma ta amsa daga zuciyarka abin da ba ta yi ƙarfin hali ta furta ba? Ya yaya ya kasance a gare ni in kiyaye wannan sirrin wanda aka tilasta mini yi tun daga farkon haduwarmu". An yi jayayya game da ainihin dangantakar Schiller da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. A cikin littafin Caroline na baya ''Agnes von Lilien'', mata biyu dukansu suna bin dangantaka da wani saurayi baron, kuma masu sukar sun yi muhawara ko fahimtar triangle na soyayya na littafin a matsayin nuna Caroline, Charlotte, da Schiller (masu sukar kwanan nan ba su da sha'awar yin hakan). Wasikun da aka buga daga wasikar Schiller tare da Charlotte suna da zurfin ƙauna da karatu; a cewar Edward Bulwer-Lytton, sha'awar Lengefeld ga aikin farko na Schiller, musamman "The Artists," yana da mahimmanci ga soyayyarsu. Sun yi aure a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1790 a cikin ƙaramin coci na Wenigen[[Jena]] (yanzu ana kiransa ''Schillerkirche'') a Jena. [[Fayil:Schillers_Kinder.jpg|thumb|Yaran Schiller guda huɗu]] Schillers suna da 'ya'ya hudu: * Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1793-1857), * Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1841), * Karoline Luise Friederike Schiller (1799-1850), da kuma * Emilie Henriette Luise (1804-1872). == Ayyuka == Kodayake ba a taɓa buga marubuciya ba a lokacin rayuwarta, Lengefeld marubuciya ce duk rayuwarta. An buga wasikun da ta aika wa mijinta, 'yar'uwarta, Stein, Goethe, da sauransu a cikin bugu da yawa. An kuma gano ta a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da yawa da aka samu a cikin takardun mijinta kuma an haɗa su a cikin bugu da aka tattara tare da aikinsa, musamman littafin Die heimliche Heirat (The Secret Marriage). Ta kasance mai fassara mai basira kuma ta fara (watakila a cikin 1802) a kan fassarar Racine ta "Britannicus" (a takaice Pailer da Nebrig za su gyara). Tare da wasu mata a cikin ƙungiyar Goethe-Schiller, Lengefeld tana karɓar ƙarin kulawa mai mahimmanci; mai sukar Gaby Pailer ya rubuta littafi na farko mai cikakken lokaci game da rayuwarta da aikinta, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2009. == Manazarta == fkgzi4o6spv85akgiwwxbe8mcsdx8e1 905114 905113 2026-08-20T16:25:47Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|Hoton Ludovike Simanowiz a cikin 1794]] '''Charlotte Luise Antoinette von Schiller''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; 22 Nuwamba 1766 - 9 Yuli 1826) ita ce matar mawakiyar Jamus Friedrich Schiller kuma ita kanta marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lengefeld a Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, cikin iyali mai arziki, kuma an ba shi ilimin da ya dace da rayuwa a kotun ducal ta Weimar. Mahaifinta {{Interlanguage link|Carl Christoph von Lengefeld|de}} (1715–1775), wadda ta mutu lokacin da take ƙarama, ta kasance mai kula da gandun daji (Oberlandjägermeister, Jagorar farauta) na Louis Günther II, Yariman Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, yayin da mahaifiyarta ita ce {{Interlanguage link|Louise von Lengefeld|de}}, nee Wurmb (1743-1823). A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, an gabatar da ita ga da'irorin adabi na Weimar. Ta fara abokantaka da Charlotte von Stein, wacce take tsakiyar da'irar Weimar Classicism a matsayin abokiyar Schiller kuma wani lokacin uwargidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Stein ta bayyana mata sirri a duk tsawon dangantakarta mai sarkakiya da Goethe. Ƙaunarta ta farko soja ce, amma bayan adawar iyalinta an bar alkawarin. == Aure ga Schiller == [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_Fleischmann.jpg|thumb|Rubutun hoto na Charlotte von Lengefeld, mai yiwuwa daga Auguste Christian Fleischman.]] Lengefeld ta fara saduwa da Schiller, sannan kuma sanannen mawaki ne kuma matalauta, a cikin shekara ta 1785, ta hanyar 'yar'uwarta Caroline da dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda daga baya ya zama mijin Caroline na biyu. Sun fara rubutu a shekara ta 1788, kuma, tare da taimakon Lengefelds, Schiller ya zauna kusa da Rudolstadt jim kadan bayan haka. Da alama ya bayyana ƙaunarsa a kanta a wannan shekarar, kodayake Caroline ta tabbatar da su a kowane lokacin rani mai zuwa; Schiller ya rubuta wa Charlotte a watan Agusta, 1789: "Shin ina fatan Caroline ta karanta a cikin ranka kuma ta amsa daga zuciyarka abin da ba ta yi ƙarfin hali ta furta ba? Ya yaya ya kasance a gare ni in kiyaye wannan sirrin wanda aka tilasta mini yi tun daga farkon haduwarmu". An yi jayayya game da ainihin dangantakar Schiller da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. A cikin littafin Caroline na baya ''Agnes von Lilien'', mata biyu dukansu suna bin dangantaka da wani saurayi baron, kuma masu sukar sun yi muhawara ko fahimtar triangle na soyayya na littafin a matsayin nuna Caroline, Charlotte, da Schiller (masu sukar kwanan nan ba su da sha'awar yin hakan). Wasikun da aka buga daga wasikar Schiller tare da Charlotte suna da zurfin ƙauna da karatu; a cewar Edward Bulwer-Lytton, sha'awar Lengefeld ga aikin farko na Schiller, musamman "The Artists," yana da mahimmanci ga soyayyarsu. Sun yi aure a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1790 a cikin ƙaramin coci na Wenigen[[Jena]] (yanzu ana kiransa ''Schillerkirche'') a Jena. [[Fayil:Schillers_Kinder.jpg|thumb|Yaran Schiller guda huɗu]] Schillers suna da 'ya'ya hudu: * Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1793-1857), * Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1841), * Karoline Luise Friederike Schiller (1799-1850), da kuma * Emilie Henriette Luise (1804-1872). == Ayyuka == Kodayake ba a taɓa buga marubuciya ba a lokacin rayuwarta, Lengefeld marubuciya ce duk rayuwarta. An buga wasikun da ta aika wa mijinta, 'yar'uwarta, Stein, Goethe, da sauransu a cikin bugu da yawa. An kuma gano ta a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da yawa da aka samu a cikin takardun mijinta kuma an haɗa su a cikin bugu da aka tattara tare da aikinsa, musamman littafin Die heimliche Heirat (The Secret Marriage). Ta kasance mai fassara mai basira kuma ta fara (watakila a cikin 1802) a kan fassarar Racine ta "Britannicus" (a takaice Pailer da Nebrig za su gyara). Tare da wasu mata a cikin ƙungiyar Goethe-Schiller, Lengefeld tana karɓar ƙarin kulawa mai mahimmanci; mai sukar Gaby Pailer ya rubuta littafi na farko mai cikakken lokaci game da rayuwarta da aikinta, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2009. == Manazarta == doquswgu3u3nyojg29grz11ji7y3xjk 905135 905114 2026-08-20T16:47:36Z Baffa ali 47435 905135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|Hoton Ludovike Simanowiz a cikin 1794]] '''Charlotte Luise Antoinette von Schiller''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba ashekarar ranar 9 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1826) ita ce matar mawakiyar Jamus Friedrich Schiller kuma ita kanta marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lengefeld a Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, cikin iyali mai arziki, kuma an ba shi ilimin da ya dace da rayuwa a kotun ducal ta Weimar. Mahaifinta {{Interlanguage link|Carl Christoph von Lengefeld|de}} (daga shekarar 1715 zuwa shekara ta 1775), wadda ta mutu lokacin da take ƙarama, ta kasance mai kula da gandun daji (Oberlandjägermeister, Jagorar farauta) na Louis Günther II, Yariman Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, yayin da mahaifiyarta ita ce {{Interlanguage link|Louise von Lengefeld|de}}, nee Wurmb ( daga shekarar 1743 zuwa shekara ta 1823). A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, an gabatar da ita ga da'irorin adabi na Weimar. Ta fara abokantaka da Charlotte von Stein, wacce take tsakiyar da'irar Weimar Classicism a matsayin abokiyar Schiller kuma wani lokacin uwargidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Stein ta bayyana mata sirri a duk tsawon dangantakarta mai sarkakiya da Goethe. Ƙaunarta ta farko soja ce, amma bayan adawar iyalinta an bar alkawarin. == Aure ga Schiller == [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_Fleischmann.jpg|thumb|Rubutun hoto na Charlotte von Lengefeld, mai yiwuwa daga Auguste Christian Fleischman.]] Lengefeld ta fara saduwa da Schiller, sannan kuma sanannen mawaki ne kuma matalauta, a cikin shekara ta 1785, ta hanyar 'yar'uwarta Caroline da dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda daga baya ya zama mijin Caroline na biyu. Sun fara rubutu a shekara ta 1788, kuma, tare da taimakon Lengefelds, Schiller ya zauna kusa da Rudolstadt jim kadan bayan haka. Da alama ya bayyana ƙaunarsa a kanta a wannan shekarar, kodayake Caroline ta tabbatar da su a kowane lokacin rani mai zuwa; Schiller ya rubuta wa Charlotte a watan Agusta, a shekarar 1789: "Shin ina fatan Caroline ta karanta a cikin ranka kuma ta amsa daga zuciyarka abin da ba ta yi ƙarfin hali ta furta ba? Ya yaya ya kasance a gare ni in kiyaye wannan sirrin wanda aka tilasta mini yi tun daga farkon haduwarmu". An yi jayayya game da ainihin dangantakar Schiller da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. A cikin littafin Caroline na baya ''Agnes von Lilien'', mata biyu dukansu suna bin dangantaka da wani saurayi baron, kuma masu sukar sun yi muhawara ko fahimtar triangle na soyayya na littafin a matsayin nuna Caroline, Charlotte, da Schiller (masu sukar kwanan nan ba su da sha'awar yin hakan). Wasikun da aka buga daga wasikar Schiller tare da Charlotte suna da zurfin ƙauna da karatu; a cewar Edward Bulwer-Lytton, sha'awar Lengefeld ga aikin farko na Schiller, musamman "The Artists," yana da mahimmanci ga soyayyarsu. Sun yi aure a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu a shekarar 1790 a cikin ƙaramin coci na Wenigen[[Jena]] (yanzu ana kiransa ''Schillerkirche'') a Jena. [[Fayil:Schillers_Kinder.jpg|thumb|Yaran Schiller guda huɗu]] Schillers suna da 'ya'ya hudu: * Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1793-1857), * Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1841), * Karoline Luise Friederike Schiller (1799-1850), da kuma * Emilie Henriette Luise (1804-1872). == Ayyuka == Kodayake ba a taɓa buga marubuciya ba a lokacin rayuwarta, Lengefeld marubuciya ce duk rayuwarta. An buga wasikun da ta aika wa mijinta, 'yar'uwarta, Stein, Goethe, da sauransu a cikin bugu da yawa. An kuma gano ta a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da yawa da aka samu a cikin takardun mijinta kuma an haɗa su a cikin bugu da aka tattara tare da aikinsa, musamman littafin Die heimliche Heirat (The Secret Marriage). Ta kasance mai fassara mai basira kuma ta fara (watakila a cikin 1802) a kan fassarar Racine ta "Britannicus" (a takaice Pailer da Nebrig za su gyara). Tare da wasu mata a cikin ƙungiyar Goethe-Schiller, Lengefeld tana karɓar ƙarin kulawa mai mahimmanci; mai sukar Gaby Pailer ya rubuta littafi na farko mai cikakken lokaci game da rayuwarta da aikinta, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2009. == Manazarta == kthnt5n83gmqlfb2z4cehll37oky00e 905136 905135 2026-08-20T16:48:22Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ayyuka */ 905136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|Hoton Ludovike Simanowiz a cikin 1794]] '''Charlotte Luise Antoinette von Schiller''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; a ranar 2 ga watan Nuwamba ashekarar ranar 9 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1826) ita ce matar mawakiyar Jamus Friedrich Schiller kuma ita kanta marubuciya ce kuma mai fassara. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lengefeld a Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, cikin iyali mai arziki, kuma an ba shi ilimin da ya dace da rayuwa a kotun ducal ta Weimar. Mahaifinta {{Interlanguage link|Carl Christoph von Lengefeld|de}} (daga shekarar 1715 zuwa shekara ta 1775), wadda ta mutu lokacin da take ƙarama, ta kasance mai kula da gandun daji (Oberlandjägermeister, Jagorar farauta) na Louis Günther II, Yariman Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, yayin da mahaifiyarta ita ce {{Interlanguage link|Louise von Lengefeld|de}}, nee Wurmb ( daga shekarar 1743 zuwa shekara ta 1823). A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, an gabatar da ita ga da'irorin adabi na Weimar. Ta fara abokantaka da Charlotte von Stein, wacce take tsakiyar da'irar Weimar Classicism a matsayin abokiyar Schiller kuma wani lokacin uwargidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Stein ta bayyana mata sirri a duk tsawon dangantakarta mai sarkakiya da Goethe. Ƙaunarta ta farko soja ce, amma bayan adawar iyalinta an bar alkawarin. == Aure ga Schiller == [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_Fleischmann.jpg|thumb|Rubutun hoto na Charlotte von Lengefeld, mai yiwuwa daga Auguste Christian Fleischman.]] Lengefeld ta fara saduwa da Schiller, sannan kuma sanannen mawaki ne kuma matalauta, a cikin shekara ta 1785, ta hanyar 'yar'uwarta Caroline da dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda daga baya ya zama mijin Caroline na biyu. Sun fara rubutu a shekara ta 1788, kuma, tare da taimakon Lengefelds, Schiller ya zauna kusa da Rudolstadt jim kadan bayan haka. Da alama ya bayyana ƙaunarsa a kanta a wannan shekarar, kodayake Caroline ta tabbatar da su a kowane lokacin rani mai zuwa; Schiller ya rubuta wa Charlotte a watan Agusta, a shekarar 1789: "Shin ina fatan Caroline ta karanta a cikin ranka kuma ta amsa daga zuciyarka abin da ba ta yi ƙarfin hali ta furta ba? Ya yaya ya kasance a gare ni in kiyaye wannan sirrin wanda aka tilasta mini yi tun daga farkon haduwarmu". An yi jayayya game da ainihin dangantakar Schiller da 'yan'uwa mata biyu. A cikin littafin Caroline na baya ''Agnes von Lilien'', mata biyu dukansu suna bin dangantaka da wani saurayi baron, kuma masu sukar sun yi muhawara ko fahimtar triangle na soyayya na littafin a matsayin nuna Caroline, Charlotte, da Schiller (masu sukar kwanan nan ba su da sha'awar yin hakan). Wasikun da aka buga daga wasikar Schiller tare da Charlotte suna da zurfin ƙauna da karatu; a cewar Edward Bulwer-Lytton, sha'awar Lengefeld ga aikin farko na Schiller, musamman "The Artists," yana da mahimmanci ga soyayyarsu. Sun yi aure a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu a shekarar 1790 a cikin ƙaramin coci na Wenigen[[Jena]] (yanzu ana kiransa ''Schillerkirche'') a Jena. [[Fayil:Schillers_Kinder.jpg|thumb|Yaran Schiller guda huɗu]] Schillers suna da 'ya'ya hudu: * Karl Ludwig Friedrich (1793-1857), * Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm (1796-1841), * Karoline Luise Friederike Schiller (1799-1850), da kuma * Emilie Henriette Luise (1804-1872). == Ayyuka == Kodayake ba a taɓa buga marubuciya ba a lokacin rayuwarta, Lengefeld marubuciya ce duk rayuwarta. An buga wasikun da ta aika wa mijinta, 'yar'uwarta, Stein, Goethe, da sauransu a cikin bugu da yawa. An kuma gano ta a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da yawa da aka samu a cikin takardun mijinta kuma an haɗa su a cikin bugu da aka tattara tare da aikinsa, musamman littafin Die heimliche Heirat (The Secret Marriage). Ta kasance mai fassara mai basira kuma ta fara (watakila a cikin shekarar 1802) a kan fassarar Racine ta "Britannicus" (a takaice Pailer da Nebrig za su gyara). Tare da wasu mata a cikin ƙungiyar Goethe-Schiller, Lengefeld tana karɓar ƙarin kulawa mai mahimmanci; mai sukar Gaby Pailer ya rubuta littafi na farko mai cikakken lokaci game da rayuwarta da aikinta, wanda aka buga a shekara ta 2009. == Manazarta == rqfdnb5nmjgymetwvnysblcmmwjmep9 0 164941 905117 2026-08-20T16:27:30Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628683|Caroline von Wolzogen]]" 905117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline von Wolzogen''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; 3 Fabrairu 1763 - 11 Janairu 1847) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci a cikin ƙungiyar Weimar Classicism . Ayyukan da aka fi sani da ita sune littafi, ''Agnes von Lilien'', da tarihin Friedrich Schiller, surukinta. == Rayuwa ta farko == Caroline von Lengefeld ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin dangin aristocratic a Rudolstadt; an haife ta kuma ta yi karatu tare da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa, Charlotte . Kodayake iyalinta sun kasance daga cikin ƙananan masu daraja, bayan mahaifinta ya mutu yanayin kudi ya ɗan damuwa.<ref name="Sharpe">{{Cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Lesley |date=April 1999 |title=Female Illness and Male Heroism: The Works of Caroline von Wolzogen |journal=German Life and Letters |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=184–196 |doi=10.1111/1468-0483.00129 |pmid=20677404}}</ref> A shekara ta 16, Caroline ta yi alkawari da Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Beulwitz (1755-1829), wani fitaccen ma'aikacin gida, ta hanyar shirya iyalai biyu. Yawancin lokaci na dogon alkawarinta an yi amfani da ita tare da iyalinta a Switzerland, tafiya da von Beulwitz ya biya; sun yi aure jim kadan bayan dawowar Caroline a shekara ta 1784. <ref name="Holmgren" /> Ba tare da abubuwan da suka dace ba, auren bai yi farin ciki ba tun daga farko.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Abokin Caroline mafi kusa a farkon shekarun aurenta shine dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda, a cikin 1785, ya gabatar da ita da 'yar'uwarta ga abokinsa Schiller, sa'an nan saurayi kuma matalauta ne na Weimar. A shekara ta 1788, Schiller ya koma wani gari da ke kusa da shi don ya kasance kusa da Lengefelds, kuma Caroline da 'yar'uwarta sun kasance kusa da shi. Caroline ta ji sha'awarsa sosai, kodayake masana sun yi jayayya game da ɗaukar shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Schiller ya yi alkawari da Charlotte a watan Agustan shekara ta 1789, kuma ya yaba wa Caroline don kawo su tare. A farkon shekarun 1790, wanda abokantaka da Schiller da sauran masu wallafe-wallafen a Weimar suka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, Caroline ta fara rubuta kanta; aikinta na farko mai mahimmanci ya kasance raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin tsari na gargajiya, Der leukadische Fels, a cikin 1792. <ref name="Sharpe" /> == ''Agnes von Lilien'' == [[Fayil:De_Agnes_von_Lilien_(Wolzogen)_V1_001.jpg|thumb|Shafin taken na fitowar 1798 na ''Agnes von Lilien'']] Caroline von Beulwitz ta fara rubuta littafinta na farko, ''Agnes von Lilien'', a cikin shekara ta 1793. Littafin ya bayyana wata budurwa da mahaifinsa ya haifa kuma ya girma a ware a cikin ƙauyuka, matalauta amma ta sami ilimi a cikin ilmantarwa na gargajiya da na zamani. Ganawa da wani mutum mai tsufa da wadata, wanda ta ƙaunace shi, ya fara aiwatar da gano duniya gabaɗaya, gami da siyasa da abin kunya na rayuwar kotu. Agnes daga ƙarshe ta gano cewa asalinta, wanda ba a san ta ba a baya, ya haɗa ta da wannan duniyar, wanda daga ƙarshe ta rungumi. Kamar yadda wani mai sukar ya ce, duk da sha'awarsa ga batun mata, "''Agnes von Lilien'' ba shi da mahimmanci game da kafa sabuwar al'umma fiye da yadda yake game da maido da tsohuwar zuwa sabon halatta".<ref name="Kontje" /> A cikin shekara ta 1795, Schiller ya fara sabon jarida mai suna Die Horen, wanda zai ƙunshi labarai game da falsafar da tarihi da kuma fiction, wanda aka shirya a kusa da ka'idojin tsakiya na Weimar classicism. Sanin surukinsa tana rubutu, Schiller ya nemi a gabatar da shi, kuma an buga ''Agnes von Lilien'' ba tare da an san shi ba a cikin Die Horen a cikin kashi, daga 1796 zuwa 1797. Wannan bugawa, da kuma bugawa a matsayin littafi mai nau'i biyu (har yanzu ba a san shi ba) a cikin shekara ta 1798, ya haifar da kulawa mai yawa ga littafin, da hasashe game da asalin marubucin. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa aikin Schiller ne, <ref name="Kontje" /> wasu kuma aikin Goethe ne, kodayake Friedrich Schlegel ya yi saurin watsar da da'awar ta ƙarshe. Rikicin ya haifar da wahayi na marubucinsa na gaskiya, wanda aka bi da shi zuwa bikin da yawa, duk da cewa ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan wannan ɗan gajeren fashewar aiki da shahara, fitowar wallafe-wallafen Caroline ta ragu sosai, kuma an rubuta sauran manyan ayyukanta a kwanan wata, zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ita da sauran mata marubuta da aka haɗa a cikin Die Horen sun nuna sabon damar da mata ke da nasara a rubuce-rubuce, amma babban rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin Weimar, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ayyukan kamar ''Agnes von Lilien'', an yi muhawara. Mai sukar Peter McIsaac ya lura cewa, kodayake sun haɗa da mata marubuta a cikin Die Horen, Schiller da Goethe sun rubuta game da share halayensu na "mata", kuma sun ci gaba da ɗaukar ayyukan mata a matsayin "masu sha'awa" kuma suna cikin ƙananan nau'i fiye da nasu aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McIsaac |first=Peter A. |year=2007 |title=Rethinking Tableaux Vivants and Triviality in the Writings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johanna Schopenhauer, and Fanny Lewald |journal=Monatshefte |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=154 |doi=10.1353/mon.2007.0038 |s2cid=125440752}}</ref> An sake buga littafin a cikin shekara ta 1988, kuma ya sami karuwa da jinƙai tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> == Manazarta == r5jb5otado98trm32brb462c77top8k 905118 905117 2026-08-20T16:27:49Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Caroline von Wolzogen''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; 3 Fabrairu 1763 - 11 Janairu 1847) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci a cikin ƙungiyar Weimar Classicism . Ayyukan da aka fi sani da ita sune littafi, ''Agnes von Lilien'', da tarihin Friedrich Schiller, surukinta. == Rayuwa ta farko == Caroline von Lengefeld ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin dangin aristocratic a Rudolstadt; an haife ta kuma ta yi karatu tare da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa, Charlotte . Kodayake iyalinta sun kasance daga cikin ƙananan masu daraja, bayan mahaifinta ya mutu yanayin kudi ya ɗan damuwa.<ref name="Sharpe">{{Cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Lesley |date=April 1999 |title=Female Illness and Male Heroism: The Works of Caroline von Wolzogen |journal=German Life and Letters |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=184–196 |doi=10.1111/1468-0483.00129 |pmid=20677404}}</ref> A shekara ta 16, Caroline ta yi alkawari da Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Beulwitz (1755-1829), wani fitaccen ma'aikacin gida, ta hanyar shirya iyalai biyu. Yawancin lokaci na dogon alkawarinta an yi amfani da ita tare da iyalinta a Switzerland, tafiya da von Beulwitz ya biya; sun yi aure jim kadan bayan dawowar Caroline a shekara ta 1784. <ref name="Holmgren" /> Ba tare da abubuwan da suka dace ba, auren bai yi farin ciki ba tun daga farko.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Abokin Caroline mafi kusa a farkon shekarun aurenta shine dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda, a cikin 1785, ya gabatar da ita da 'yar'uwarta ga abokinsa Schiller, sa'an nan saurayi kuma matalauta ne na Weimar. A shekara ta 1788, Schiller ya koma wani gari da ke kusa da shi don ya kasance kusa da Lengefelds, kuma Caroline da 'yar'uwarta sun kasance kusa da shi. Caroline ta ji sha'awarsa sosai, kodayake masana sun yi jayayya game da ɗaukar shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Schiller ya yi alkawari da Charlotte a watan Agustan shekara ta 1789, kuma ya yaba wa Caroline don kawo su tare. A farkon shekarun 1790, wanda abokantaka da Schiller da sauran masu wallafe-wallafen a Weimar suka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, Caroline ta fara rubuta kanta; aikinta na farko mai mahimmanci ya kasance raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin tsari na gargajiya, Der leukadische Fels, a cikin 1792. <ref name="Sharpe" /> == ''Agnes von Lilien'' == [[Fayil:De_Agnes_von_Lilien_(Wolzogen)_V1_001.jpg|thumb|Shafin taken na fitowar 1798 na ''Agnes von Lilien'']] Caroline von Beulwitz ta fara rubuta littafinta na farko, ''Agnes von Lilien'', a cikin shekara ta 1793. Littafin ya bayyana wata budurwa da mahaifinsa ya haifa kuma ya girma a ware a cikin ƙauyuka, matalauta amma ta sami ilimi a cikin ilmantarwa na gargajiya da na zamani. Ganawa da wani mutum mai tsufa da wadata, wanda ta ƙaunace shi, ya fara aiwatar da gano duniya gabaɗaya, gami da siyasa da abin kunya na rayuwar kotu. Agnes daga ƙarshe ta gano cewa asalinta, wanda ba a san ta ba a baya, ya haɗa ta da wannan duniyar, wanda daga ƙarshe ta rungumi. Kamar yadda wani mai sukar ya ce, duk da sha'awarsa ga batun mata, "''Agnes von Lilien'' ba shi da mahimmanci game da kafa sabuwar al'umma fiye da yadda yake game da maido da tsohuwar zuwa sabon halatta".<ref name="Kontje" /> A cikin shekara ta 1795, Schiller ya fara sabon jarida mai suna Die Horen, wanda zai ƙunshi labarai game da falsafar da tarihi da kuma fiction, wanda aka shirya a kusa da ka'idojin tsakiya na Weimar classicism. Sanin surukinsa tana rubutu, Schiller ya nemi a gabatar da shi, kuma an buga ''Agnes von Lilien'' ba tare da an san shi ba a cikin Die Horen a cikin kashi, daga 1796 zuwa 1797. Wannan bugawa, da kuma bugawa a matsayin littafi mai nau'i biyu (har yanzu ba a san shi ba) a cikin shekara ta 1798, ya haifar da kulawa mai yawa ga littafin, da hasashe game da asalin marubucin. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa aikin Schiller ne, <ref name="Kontje" /> wasu kuma aikin Goethe ne, kodayake Friedrich Schlegel ya yi saurin watsar da da'awar ta ƙarshe. Rikicin ya haifar da wahayi na marubucinsa na gaskiya, wanda aka bi da shi zuwa bikin da yawa, duk da cewa ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan wannan ɗan gajeren fashewar aiki da shahara, fitowar wallafe-wallafen Caroline ta ragu sosai, kuma an rubuta sauran manyan ayyukanta a kwanan wata, zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ita da sauran mata marubuta da aka haɗa a cikin Die Horen sun nuna sabon damar da mata ke da nasara a rubuce-rubuce, amma babban rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin Weimar, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ayyukan kamar ''Agnes von Lilien'', an yi muhawara. Mai sukar Peter McIsaac ya lura cewa, kodayake sun haɗa da mata marubuta a cikin Die Horen, Schiller da Goethe sun rubuta game da share halayensu na "mata", kuma sun ci gaba da ɗaukar ayyukan mata a matsayin "masu sha'awa" kuma suna cikin ƙananan nau'i fiye da nasu aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McIsaac |first=Peter A. |year=2007 |title=Rethinking Tableaux Vivants and Triviality in the Writings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johanna Schopenhauer, and Fanny Lewald |journal=Monatshefte |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=154 |doi=10.1353/mon.2007.0038 |s2cid=125440752}}</ref> An sake buga littafin a cikin shekara ta 1988, kuma ya sami karuwa da jinƙai tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> == Manazarta == 7fe7qh1l16b9jz5ocodrsdw1scqoljo 905137 905118 2026-08-20T16:51:10Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Agnes von Lilien */ 905137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Caroline von Wolzogen''' (née '''von Lengefeld'''; 3 Fabrairu 1763 - 11 Janairu 1847) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci a cikin ƙungiyar Weimar Classicism . Ayyukan da aka fi sani da ita sune littafi, ''Agnes von Lilien'', da tarihin Friedrich Schiller, surukinta. == Rayuwa ta farko == Caroline von Lengefeld ita ce mafi tsufa a cikin dangin aristocratic a Rudolstadt; an haife ta kuma ta yi karatu tare da ƙaramar 'yar'uwa, Charlotte . Kodayake iyalinta sun kasance daga cikin ƙananan masu daraja, bayan mahaifinta ya mutu yanayin kudi ya ɗan damuwa.<ref name="Sharpe">{{Cite journal |last=Sharpe |first=Lesley |date=April 1999 |title=Female Illness and Male Heroism: The Works of Caroline von Wolzogen |journal=German Life and Letters |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=184–196 |doi=10.1111/1468-0483.00129 |pmid=20677404}}</ref> A shekara ta 16, Caroline ta yi alkawari da Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Beulwitz (1755-1829), wani fitaccen ma'aikacin gida, ta hanyar shirya iyalai biyu. Yawancin lokaci na dogon alkawarinta an yi amfani da ita tare da iyalinta a Switzerland, tafiya da von Beulwitz ya biya; sun yi aure jim kadan bayan dawowar Caroline a shekara ta 1784. <ref name="Holmgren" /> Ba tare da abubuwan da suka dace ba, auren bai yi farin ciki ba tun daga farko.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Abokin Caroline mafi kusa a farkon shekarun aurenta shine dan uwanta Wilhelm von Wolzogen, wanda, a cikin shekarar 1785, ya gabatar da ita da 'yar'uwarta ga abokinsa Schiller, sa'an nan saurayi kuma matalauta ne na Weimar. A shekara ta 1788, Schiller ya koma wani gari da ke kusa da shi don ya kasance kusa da Lengefelds, kuma Caroline da 'yar'uwarta sun kasance kusa da shi. Caroline ta ji sha'awarsa sosai, kodayake masana sun yi jayayya game da ɗaukar shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> Schiller ya yi alkawari da Charlotte a watan Agustan shekara ta 1789, kuma ya yaba wa Caroline don kawo su tare. A farkon shekarun 1790, wanda abokantaka da Schiller da sauran masu wallafe-wallafen a Weimar suka yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, Caroline ta fara rubuta kanta; aikinta na farko mai mahimmanci ya kasance raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin tsari na gargajiya, Der leukadische Fels, a cikin shekarar 1792. <ref name="Sharpe" /> == ''Agnes von Lilien'' == [[Fayil:De_Agnes_von_Lilien_(Wolzogen)_V1_001.jpg|thumb|Shafin taken na fitowar 1798 na ''Agnes von Lilien'']] Caroline von Beulwitz ta fara rubuta littafinta na farko, ''Agnes von Lilien'', a cikin shekara ta 1793. Littafin ya bayyana wata budurwa da mahaifinsa ya haifa kuma ya girma a ware a cikin ƙauyuka, matalauta amma ta sami ilimi a cikin ilmantarwa na gargajiya da na zamani. Ganawa da wani mutum mai tsufa da wadata, wanda ta ƙaunace shi, ya fara aiwatar da gano duniya gabaɗaya, gami da siyasa da abin kunya na rayuwar kotu. Agnes daga ƙarshe ta gano cewa asalinta, wanda ba a san ta ba a baya, ya haɗa ta da wannan duniyar, wanda daga ƙarshe ta rungumi. Kamar yadda wani mai sukar ya ce, duk da sha'awarsa ga batun mata, "''Agnes von Lilien'' ba shi da mahimmanci game da kafa sabuwar al'umma fiye da yadda yake game da maido da tsohuwar zuwa sabon halatta".<ref name="Kontje" /> A cikin shekara ta 1795, Schiller ya fara sabon jarida mai suna Die Horen, wanda zai ƙunshi labarai game da falsafar da tarihi da kuma fiction, wanda aka shirya a kusa da ka'idojin tsakiya na Weimar classicism. Sanin surukinsa tana rubutu, Schiller ya nemi a gabatar da shi, kuma an buga ''Agnes von Lilien'' ba tare da an san shi ba a cikin Die Horen a cikin kashi, daga shekarar 1796 zuwa shekara ta 1797. Wannan bugawa, da kuma bugawa a matsayin littafi mai nau'i biyu (har yanzu ba a san shi ba) a cikin shekara ta 1798, ya haifar da kulawa mai yawa ga littafin, da hasashe game da asalin marubucin. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa aikin Schiller ne, <ref name="Kontje" /> wasu kuma aikin Goethe ne, kodayake Friedrich Schlegel ya yi saurin watsar da da'awar ta ƙarshe. Rikicin ya haifar da wahayi na marubucinsa na gaskiya, wanda aka bi da shi zuwa bikin da yawa, duk da cewa ɗan gajeren lokaci. Bayan wannan ɗan gajeren fashewar aiki da shahara, fitowar wallafe-wallafen Caroline ta ragu sosai, kuma an rubuta sauran manyan ayyukanta a kwanan wata, zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarta. Ita da sauran mata marubuta da aka haɗa a cikin Die Horen sun nuna sabon damar da mata ke da nasara a rubuce-rubuce, amma babban rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin Weimar, da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na ayyukan kamar ''Agnes von Lilien'', an yi muhawara. Mai sukar Peter McIsaac ya lura cewa, kodayake sun haɗa da mata marubuta a cikin Die Horen, Schiller da Goethe sun rubuta game da share halayensu na "mata", kuma sun ci gaba da ɗaukar ayyukan mata a matsayin "masu sha'awa" kuma suna cikin ƙananan nau'i fiye da nasu aikin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=McIsaac |first=Peter A. |year=2007 |title=Rethinking Tableaux Vivants and Triviality in the Writings of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johanna Schopenhauer, and Fanny Lewald |journal=Monatshefte |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=154 |doi=10.1353/mon.2007.0038 |s2cid=125440752}}</ref> An sake buga littafin a cikin shekara ta 1988, kuma ya sami karuwa da jinƙai tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.<ref name="Sharpe" /> == Manazarta == sf8op01x8rbg9ap9cpjyzc8anhnlyif 0 164942 905120 2026-08-20T16:30:04Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628534|Ellen Lenneck]]" 905120 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Weichardt_H_Signature.jpg|right|thumb|Sa hannun Helene Weichardt daga takardar shaidar aurenta a 1879. An sake shi ta hanyar girmamawa daga [[Stadtarchiv Eisenach]], Jamus.]] '''Ellen Lenneck''' ita ce sunan rubuce-rubuce na '''Martha Julie Antoinette Helene Weichardt''' (1851-1880), marubuciyar litattafai da litattafan Jamus. Ita ce kawai sanannen 'yar marubuciya da editan adabi Friederike Henkel, kuma zuriya ce daga dangin masana'antu da masu zane-zane daga Kassel da yankin Hesse na Jamus. == Rayuwa da nasarorin == [[File:Arnold_CJ_Bildnis_Fr_Arnold_Schwester_des_Malers_Klein.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton mahaifiyar Helene Weichardt, Friederike Henkel. Carl Johann Arnold ne ya zana shi, shekarun 1850.]] [[Fayil:Reuter_Antonie_Menzel_Adolph_1841.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton kakar Helene Weichardt, Antonie Arnold. Hoton fensir na Adolph Menzel, c 1841.]] === Tarihin iyali === An haifi Weichardt a Kassel Jamus a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1851 a cikin iyali waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a cikin al'ummar Jamus masu tasowa a masana'antu a farkon ƙarni na 19. Sun wakilci haɗakar halaye masu kyau na masana'antu, zamantakewa da kuma kirkire-kirkire. Wannan tsarin ƙwarewar masana'antu, tare da ƙwarewar fasaha an nuna shi a cikin wasu iyalan Weichardt, ciki har da mijinta Carl Weichardt [[:de:Karl Weichardt]] (mai zane-zane kuma mai zane wanda ya shiga ginin The Reichstag a [[Berlin]] kuma ya tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eisenach [[:de:Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach|(Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach)]], mahaifiyarta Friederike Henkel, wacce aka haifa Friederike Arnold (marubucin littattafai da dama, gajerun labarai kuma daga baya editan adabi, wanda ya rayu a birni ɗaya da The Brothers Grimm ), kawunta Carl Johann Arnold (mai zane-zanen sarauta wanda Adolph Menzel ya koyar), kakanta Carl Heinrich Arnold (mai zane-zanen bango kuma mai zane wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗan'uwansa mai ƙwarewa a kasuwanci), kakarta Antonie Arnold, wacce aka haifa Antonie Reuter (mawaƙiya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kassel), da kuma abokin danginsu na kud da kud, mai zane-zanen Jamus Adolph Menzel, wanda ''zanensa Hoton Friederike Arnold'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bildindex.de/ |website=bildindex.de}}</ref> a 1845 ya kasance a bainar jama'a a National Gallery Berlin sama da ƙarni ɗaya. == Manazarta == 83m7h6zu36y4juiswl7qyugzcbj4nbj 905121 905120 2026-08-20T16:30:31Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Weichardt_H_Signature.jpg|right|thumb|Sa hannun Helene Weichardt daga takardar shaidar aurenta a 1879. An sake shi ta hanyar girmamawa daga [[Stadtarchiv Eisenach]], Jamus.]] '''Ellen Lenneck''' ita ce sunan rubuce-rubuce na '''Martha Julie Antoinette Helene Weichardt''' (1851-1880), marubuciyar litattafai da litattafan Jamus. Ita ce kawai sanannen 'yar marubuciya da editan adabi Friederike Henkel, kuma zuriya ce daga dangin masana'antu da masu zane-zane daga Kassel da yankin Hesse na Jamus. == Rayuwa da nasarorin == [[File:Arnold_CJ_Bildnis_Fr_Arnold_Schwester_des_Malers_Klein.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton mahaifiyar Helene Weichardt, Friederike Henkel. Carl Johann Arnold ne ya zana shi, shekarun 1850.]] [[Fayil:Reuter_Antonie_Menzel_Adolph_1841.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton kakar Helene Weichardt, Antonie Arnold. Hoton fensir na Adolph Menzel, c 1841.]] === Tarihin iyali === An haifi Weichardt a Kassel Jamus a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 1851 a cikin iyali waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a cikin al'ummar Jamus masu tasowa a masana'antu a farkon ƙarni na 19. Sun wakilci haɗakar halaye masu kyau na masana'antu, zamantakewa da kuma kirkire-kirkire. Wannan tsarin ƙwarewar masana'antu, tare da ƙwarewar fasaha an nuna shi a cikin wasu iyalan Weichardt, ciki har da mijinta Carl Weichardt [[:de:Karl Weichardt]] (mai zane-zane kuma mai zane wanda ya shiga ginin The Reichstag a [[Berlin]] kuma ya tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eisenach [[:de:Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach|(Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach)]], mahaifiyarta Friederike Henkel, wacce aka haifa Friederike Arnold (marubucin littattafai da dama, gajerun labarai kuma daga baya editan adabi, wanda ya rayu a birni ɗaya da The Brothers Grimm ), kawunta Carl Johann Arnold (mai zane-zanen sarauta wanda Adolph Menzel ya koyar), kakanta Carl Heinrich Arnold (mai zane-zanen bango kuma mai zane wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗan'uwansa mai ƙwarewa a kasuwanci), kakarta Antonie Arnold, wacce aka haifa Antonie Reuter (mawaƙiya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kassel), da kuma abokin danginsu na kud da kud, mai zane-zanen Jamus Adolph Menzel, wanda ''zanensa Hoton Friederike Arnold'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bildindex.de/ |website=bildindex.de}}</ref> a 1845 ya kasance a bainar jama'a a National Gallery Berlin sama da ƙarni ɗaya. == Manazarta == 2kodlwvdsvgxpy036i6ry4ouy7cvxca 905138 905121 2026-08-20T16:56:19Z Baffa ali 47435 905138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Weichardt_H_Signature.jpg|right|thumb|Sa hannun Helene Weichardt daga takardar shaidar aurenta a 1879. An sake shi ta hanyar girmamawa daga [[Stadtarchiv Eisenach]], Jamus.]] '''Ellen Lenneck''' ita ce sunan rubuce-rubuce na '''Martha Julie Antoinette Helene Weichardt''' (daga shekarar 1851 zuwa shekara ta 1880), marubuciyar litattafai da litattafan Jamus. Ita ce kawai sanannen 'yar marubuciya da editan adabi Friederike Henkel, kuma zuriya ce daga dangin masana'antu da masu zane-zane daga Kassel da yankin Hesse na Jamus. == Rayuwa da nasarorin == [[File:Arnold_CJ_Bildnis_Fr_Arnold_Schwester_des_Malers_Klein.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton mahaifiyar Helene Weichardt, Friederike Henkel. Carl Johann Arnold ne ya zana shi, shekarun 1850.]] [[Fayil:Reuter_Antonie_Menzel_Adolph_1841.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton kakar Helene Weichardt, Antonie Arnold. Hoton fensir na Adolph Menzel, c 1841.]] === Tarihin iyali === An haifi Weichardt a Kassel Jamus a ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 1851 a cikin iyali waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a cikin al'ummar Jamus masu tasowa a masana'antu a farkon ƙarni na 19. Sun wakilci haɗakar halaye masu kyau na masana'antu, zamantakewa da kuma kirkire-kirkire. Wannan tsarin ƙwarewar masana'antu, tare da ƙwarewar fasaha an nuna shi a cikin wasu iyalan Weichardt, ciki har da mijinta Carl Weichardt [[:de:Karl Weichardt]] (mai zane-zane kuma mai zane wanda ya shiga ginin The Reichstag a [[Berlin]] kuma ya tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eisenach [[:de:Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach|(Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach)]], mahaifiyarta Friederike Henkel, wacce aka haifa Friederike Arnold (marubucin littattafai da dama, gajerun labarai kuma daga baya editan adabi, wanda ya rayu a birni ɗaya da The Brothers Grimm ), kawunta Carl Johann Arnold (mai zane-zanen sarauta wanda Adolph Menzel ya koyar), kakanta Carl Heinrich Arnold (mai zane-zanen bango kuma mai zane wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗan'uwansa mai ƙwarewa a kasuwanci), kakarta Antonie Arnold, wacce aka haifa Antonie Reuter (mawaƙiya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kassel), da kuma abokin danginsu na kud da kud, mai zane-zanen Jamus Adolph Menzel, wanda ''zanensa Hoton Friederike Arnold'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bildindex.de/ |website=bildindex.de}}</ref> a 1845 ya kasance a bainar jama'a a National Gallery Berlin sama da ƙarni ɗaya. == Manazarta == nk1h9n26stwwjhr7xhzzj1p2fpdwgs8 905139 905138 2026-08-20T16:56:53Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Manazarta */ 905139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Weichardt_H_Signature.jpg|right|thumb|Sa hannun Helene Weichardt daga takardar shaidar aurenta a 1879. An sake shi ta hanyar girmamawa daga [[Stadtarchiv Eisenach]], Jamus.]] '''Ellen Lenneck''' ita ce sunan rubuce-rubuce na '''Martha Julie Antoinette Helene Weichardt''' (daga shekarar 1851 zuwa shekara ta 1880), marubuciyar litattafai da litattafan Jamus. Ita ce kawai sanannen 'yar marubuciya da editan adabi Friederike Henkel, kuma zuriya ce daga dangin masana'antu da masu zane-zane daga Kassel da yankin Hesse na Jamus. == Rayuwa da nasarorin == [[File:Arnold_CJ_Bildnis_Fr_Arnold_Schwester_des_Malers_Klein.JPG|right|thumb|Hoton mahaifiyar Helene Weichardt, Friederike Henkel. Carl Johann Arnold ne ya zana shi, shekarun 1850.]] [[Fayil:Reuter_Antonie_Menzel_Adolph_1841.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton kakar Helene Weichardt, Antonie Arnold. Hoton fensir na Adolph Menzel, c 1841.]] === Tarihin iyali === An haifi Weichardt a Kassel Jamus a ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 1851 a cikin iyali waɗanda ke da alaƙa mai ƙarfi a cikin al'ummar Jamus masu tasowa a masana'antu a farkon ƙarni na 19. Sun wakilci haɗakar halaye masu kyau na masana'antu, zamantakewa da kuma kirkire-kirkire. Wannan tsarin ƙwarewar masana'antu, tare da ƙwarewar fasaha an nuna shi a cikin wasu iyalan Weichardt, ciki har da mijinta Carl Weichardt [[:de:Karl Weichardt]] (mai zane-zane kuma mai zane wanda ya shiga ginin The Reichstag a [[Berlin]] kuma ya tsara gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Eisenach [[:de:Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach|(Thüringer Landestheater Eisenach)]], mahaifiyarta Friederike Henkel, wacce aka haifa Friederike Arnold (marubucin littattafai da dama, gajerun labarai kuma daga baya editan adabi, wanda ya rayu a birni ɗaya da The Brothers Grimm ), kawunta Carl Johann Arnold (mai zane-zanen sarauta wanda Adolph Menzel ya koyar), kakanta Carl Heinrich Arnold (mai zane-zanen bango kuma mai zane wanda ke da alaƙa da ɗan'uwansa mai ƙwarewa a kasuwanci), kakarta Antonie Arnold, wacce aka haifa Antonie Reuter (mawaƙiya kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kassel), da kuma abokin danginsu na kud da kud, mai zane-zanen Jamus Adolph Menzel, wanda ''zanensa Hoton Friederike Arnold'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bildindex.de/ |website=bildindex.de}}</ref> a shekarar 1845 ya kasance a bainar jama'a a National Gallery Berlin sama da ƙarni ɗaya. == Manazarta == iunmecgkgflnhrrr3i76ssiva2fdz7d 0 164943 905123 2026-08-20T16:32:32Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369696717|Fanny Lewald]]" 905123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fanny Lewald''' (24 Maris 1811 - 5 Agusta 1889) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Fanny Lewald a Königsberg a Gabashin Prussia a cikin 1811 ga dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, David Markus (daga baya Lewald) ɗan kasuwa ne na ruwan inabi. Mahaifin Lewald ya kasance mai ban mamaki a cikin kulawar da ya ba 'ya'yansa, ya tsaya ya bambanta da takwarorinsa a cikin al'ummar Georgia da Victoria - waɗanda suka ba da kulawa ga masu kula da yara da iliminsu ga makarantun "na jama'a", masu koyarwa, da masu mulki.<ref name=":1" /> Markus ya ba Lewald mafi kyawun ilimin da ake samu ga 'yan mata a Gabashin Prussia kuma ya kula da ƙarin ilimi a gida. Ta fara karatun ta a Makarantar Ulrich, abin takaici makarantar ta rufe sannan Lewald yana da goma sha biyar. Ba tare da wani ilimin sakandare da take da shi ba, an tilasta Lewald ta zauna a gida kuma ta yi ayyukan gida. A wannan lokacin mahaifinta ya kafa jadawalin da ya haɗa da ilimi a gida a gare ta. A wani tafiyar iyali ta sadu da wani matashi dalibi na tauhidi mai suna Leopold Bock . Sun yi niyyar yin aure, duk da haka, amarya ta mutu kafin bikin ya faru.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eyck |first=Frank |date=1999 |title=Reviewed Work: A Year of Revolutions: Fanny Lewald's Recollections of 1848 by Hanna Ballin Lewis |journal=Central European History |volume=32 |pages=337–338 |doi=10.1017/S0008938900021178 |issn=0008-9389 |jstor=4546888 |s2cid=145560932}}</ref> An ba Lewald damar tuba zuwa Kiristanci bayan mutuwar Leopold, duk da haka saboda yanayin da take da shi da kuma falsafar mahaifinta ba ta iya karɓar kowane addini da zuciya ɗaya ba - musamman wanda ya dogara da bangaskiya fiye da dalili. Bangaskiyar addininta wataƙila wani nau'i ne na deism. A cikin 1832, Markus ya ɗauki Lewald tare da shi a kan tafiya mai tsawo ta kasuwanci ta hanyar Jamus. Sun zauna a Berlin da Baden-Baden na makonni da yawa. A wannan lokacin Lewald ta sadu da manyan 'yan siyasa ta hanyar kawunta, Friedrich Jacob Lewald . Lokacin da ta kasance tare da kawunta shine bayyanarta ta farko ga duniyar siyasa ta waje ta Prussia. Komawa Königsberg bayan shekara guda, Lewald ta sami mahaifiyarta cikin rashin lafiya. Lewald da 'yan uwanta mata sun sauya suna gudanar da gidan a wannan lokacin. Mahaifinta ya ki barin Lewald ya dauki matsayin da aka biya a matsayin mai kula da gida ko aboki kamar yadda ya yi tunanin zai yi la'akari da ikon da yake da shi na ciyar da iyalinsa. Ba tare da wani abu da zai yi ba, Lewald ya gudanar da wasiku masu yawa. Dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, editan jaridar Stuttgart Europa, ya buga daya daga cikin wasikunta game da hanyar Mucker a matsayin rubutun.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 1841 ta wallafa littafinta na farko a cikin jaridar Europa ta dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, a ƙarƙashin taken ''Der Stellvertreter'' . Littattafanta biyu na farko, ''Clementine'' da ''Jenny'' an buga su ba tare da sunayensu ba bisa ga sha'awar mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta an sake ta daga ayyukanta na gida, Lewald ta koma wani gida a Berlin kusa da ɗan'uwanta Otto. A shekara ta 1845 ta tafi kasashen waje a karo na farko ba tare da dangi su kasance tare da ita ba zuwa Italiya. A Roma ta saba da ƙungiyar mata masu ilimi na Jamus, ciki har da [[Adele Schopenhauer]] da Ottilie von Goethe . Wannan tafiya ita ce inda za ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Adolf Stahr . A lokacin ganawarsu, Stahr ta yi aure tare da yara biyar. Ba za su iya yin aure ba har sai bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 1855. Lewald ta fara samun kulawa saboda rubuce-rubucenta bayan da aka buga wasikar da ta rubuta game da shari'ar kotu da ta halarta. Dan uwan Lewald, August Lewald, ya buga wasikar a cikin jaridar Stuttgart, Europa, wanda ya gyara. Agusta ya nemi Fanny ta rubuta rahoto game da naɗa Sarki Frederick William IV a Konigsberg a 1840. Fanny Lewald ta ci gaba da zama marubuciya mai yawa kuma ta buga litattafai masu nasara da yawa. Rubuce-rubucenta galibi sun samo asali ne daga kwarewarta ta girma a matsayin mace a cikin iyali mai arziki, tana ba da shawara ga ilimi mafi kyau ga mata da kuma sukar auren da ya dace.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1876, bayan mutuwar Stahr, ta koma [[Dresden]], inda ta shiga aikin wallafe-wallafen har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 1889. == Manazarta == d1aefudjuohdq2wa486llzgpqfn1dhx 905125 905123 2026-08-20T16:33:15Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fanny Lewald''' (24 Maris 1811 - 5 Agusta 1889) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Fanny Lewald a Königsberg a Gabashin Prussia a cikin 1811 ga dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, David Markus (daga baya Lewald) ɗan kasuwa ne na ruwan inabi. Mahaifin Lewald ya kasance mai ban mamaki a cikin kulawar da ya ba 'ya'yansa, ya tsaya ya bambanta da takwarorinsa a cikin al'ummar Georgia da Victoria - waɗanda suka ba da kulawa ga masu kula da yara da iliminsu ga makarantun "na jama'a", masu koyarwa, da masu mulki.<ref name=":1" /> Markus ya ba Lewald mafi kyawun ilimin da ake samu ga 'yan mata a Gabashin Prussia kuma ya kula da ƙarin ilimi a gida. Ta fara karatun ta a Makarantar Ulrich, abin takaici makarantar ta rufe sannan Lewald yana da goma sha biyar. Ba tare da wani ilimin sakandare da take da shi ba, an tilasta Lewald ta zauna a gida kuma ta yi ayyukan gida. A wannan lokacin mahaifinta ya kafa jadawalin da ya haɗa da ilimi a gida a gare ta. A wani tafiyar iyali ta sadu da wani matashi dalibi na tauhidi mai suna Leopold Bock . Sun yi niyyar yin aure, duk da haka, amarya ta mutu kafin bikin ya faru.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eyck |first=Frank |date=1999 |title=Reviewed Work: A Year of Revolutions: Fanny Lewald's Recollections of 1848 by Hanna Ballin Lewis |journal=Central European History |volume=32 |pages=337–338 |doi=10.1017/S0008938900021178 |issn=0008-9389 |jstor=4546888 |s2cid=145560932}}</ref> An ba Lewald damar tuba zuwa Kiristanci bayan mutuwar Leopold, duk da haka saboda yanayin da take da shi da kuma falsafar mahaifinta ba ta iya karɓar kowane addini da zuciya ɗaya ba - musamman wanda ya dogara da bangaskiya fiye da dalili. Bangaskiyar addininta wataƙila wani nau'i ne na deism. A cikin 1832, Markus ya ɗauki Lewald tare da shi a kan tafiya mai tsawo ta kasuwanci ta hanyar Jamus. Sun zauna a Berlin da Baden-Baden na makonni da yawa. A wannan lokacin Lewald ta sadu da manyan 'yan siyasa ta hanyar kawunta, Friedrich Jacob Lewald . Lokacin da ta kasance tare da kawunta shine bayyanarta ta farko ga duniyar siyasa ta waje ta Prussia. Komawa Königsberg bayan shekara guda, Lewald ta sami mahaifiyarta cikin rashin lafiya. Lewald da 'yan uwanta mata sun sauya suna gudanar da gidan a wannan lokacin. Mahaifinta ya ki barin Lewald ya dauki matsayin da aka biya a matsayin mai kula da gida ko aboki kamar yadda ya yi tunanin zai yi la'akari da ikon da yake da shi na ciyar da iyalinsa. Ba tare da wani abu da zai yi ba, Lewald ya gudanar da wasiku masu yawa. Dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, editan jaridar Stuttgart Europa, ya buga daya daga cikin wasikunta game da hanyar Mucker a matsayin rubutun.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 1841 ta wallafa littafinta na farko a cikin jaridar Europa ta dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, a ƙarƙashin taken ''Der Stellvertreter'' . Littattafanta biyu na farko, ''Clementine'' da ''Jenny'' an buga su ba tare da sunayensu ba bisa ga sha'awar mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta an sake ta daga ayyukanta na gida, Lewald ta koma wani gida a Berlin kusa da ɗan'uwanta Otto. A shekara ta 1845 ta tafi kasashen waje a karo na farko ba tare da dangi su kasance tare da ita ba zuwa Italiya. A Roma ta saba da ƙungiyar mata masu ilimi na Jamus, ciki har da [[Adele Schopenhauer]] da Ottilie von Goethe . Wannan tafiya ita ce inda za ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Adolf Stahr . A lokacin ganawarsu, Stahr ta yi aure tare da yara biyar. Ba za su iya yin aure ba har sai bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 1855. Lewald ta fara samun kulawa saboda rubuce-rubucenta bayan da aka buga wasikar da ta rubuta game da shari'ar kotu da ta halarta. Dan uwan Lewald, August Lewald, ya buga wasikar a cikin jaridar Stuttgart, Europa, wanda ya gyara. Agusta ya nemi Fanny ta rubuta rahoto game da naɗa Sarki Frederick William IV a Konigsberg a 1840. Fanny Lewald ta ci gaba da zama marubuciya mai yawa kuma ta buga litattafai masu nasara da yawa. Rubuce-rubucenta galibi sun samo asali ne daga kwarewarta ta girma a matsayin mace a cikin iyali mai arziki, tana ba da shawara ga ilimi mafi kyau ga mata da kuma sukar auren da ya dace.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1876, bayan mutuwar Stahr, ta koma [[Dresden]], inda ta shiga aikin wallafe-wallafen har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 1889. == Manazarta == s08wq2m8izud2q7m26qxe7n301w5xql 905142 905125 2026-08-20T17:04:03Z Baffa ali 47435 905142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Fanny Lewald''' ( a ranar 4 ga watan Maris a shekarar 1811 - zuwa a ranar 5 Agusta a shekarar 1889) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Fanny Lewald a Königsberg a Gabashin Prussia a cikin shekarar 1811 ga dangin Yahudawa. Mahaifinta, David Markus (daga baya Lewald) ɗan kasuwa ne na ruwan inabi. Mahaifin Lewald ya kasance mai ban mamaki a cikin kulawar da ya ba 'ya'yansa, ya tsaya ya bambanta da takwarorinsa a cikin al'ummar Georgia da Victoria - waɗanda suka ba da kulawa ga masu kula da yara da iliminsu ga makarantun "na jama'a", masu koyarwa, da masu mulki.<ref name=":1" /> Markus ya ba Lewald mafi kyawun ilimin da ake samu ga 'yan mata a Gabashin Prussia kuma ya kula da ƙarin ilimi a gida. Ta fara karatun ta a Makarantar Ulrich, abin takaici makarantar ta rufe sannan Lewald yana da goma sha biyar. Ba tare da wani ilimin sakandare da take da shi ba, an tilasta Lewald ta zauna a gida kuma ta yi ayyukan gida. A wannan lokacin mahaifinta ya kafa jadawalin da ya haɗa da ilimi a gida a gare ta. A wani tafiyar iyali ta sadu da wani matashi dalibi na tauhidi mai suna Leopold Bock . Sun yi niyyar yin aure, duk da haka, amarya ta mutu kafin bikin ya faru.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Eyck |first=Frank |date=1999 |title=Reviewed Work: A Year of Revolutions: Fanny Lewald's Recollections of 1848 by Hanna Ballin Lewis |journal=Central European History |volume=32 |pages=337–338 |doi=10.1017/S0008938900021178 |issn=0008-9389 |jstor=4546888 |s2cid=145560932}}</ref> An ba Lewald damar tuba zuwa Kiristanci bayan mutuwar Leopold, duk da haka saboda yanayin da take da shi da kuma falsafar mahaifinta ba ta iya karɓar kowane addini da zuciya ɗaya ba - musamman wanda ya dogara da bangaskiya fiye da dalili. Bangaskiyar addininta wataƙila wani nau'i ne na deism. A cikin 1832, Markus ya ɗauki Lewald tare da shi a kan tafiya mai tsawo ta kasuwanci ta hanyar Jamus. Sun zauna a Berlin da Baden-Baden na makonni da yawa. A wannan lokacin Lewald ta sadu da manyan 'yan siyasa ta hanyar kawunta, Friedrich Jacob Lewald . Lokacin da ta kasance tare da kawunta shine bayyanarta ta farko ga duniyar siyasa ta waje ta Prussia. Komawa Königsberg bayan shekara guda, Lewald ta sami mahaifiyarta cikin rashin lafiya. Lewald da 'yan uwanta mata sun sauya suna gudanar da gidan a wannan lokacin. Mahaifinta ya ki barin Lewald ya dauki matsayin da aka biya a matsayin mai kula da gida ko aboki kamar yadda ya yi tunanin zai yi la'akari da ikon da yake da shi na ciyar da iyalinsa. Ba tare da wani abu da zai yi ba, Lewald ya gudanar da wasiku masu yawa. Dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, editan jaridar Stuttgart Europa, ya buga daya daga cikin wasikunta game da hanyar Mucker a matsayin rubutun.<ref name=":1" /> A shekara ta 1841 ta wallafa littafinta na farko a cikin jaridar Europa ta dan uwanta Agusta Lewald, a ƙarƙashin taken ''Der Stellvertreter'' . Littattafanta biyu na farko, ''Clementine'' da ''Jenny'' an buga su ba tare da sunayensu ba bisa ga sha'awar mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta an sake ta daga ayyukanta na gida, Lewald ta koma wani gida a Berlin kusa da ɗan'uwanta Otto. A shekara ta 1845 ta tafi kasashen waje a karo na farko ba tare da dangi su kasance tare da ita ba zuwa Italiya. A Roma ta saba da ƙungiyar mata masu ilimi na Jamus, ciki har da [[Adele Schopenhauer]] da Ottilie von Goethe . Wannan tafiya ita ce inda za ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, Adolf Stahr . A lokacin ganawarsu, Stahr ta yi aure tare da yara biyar. Ba za su iya yin aure ba har sai bayan kisan aurensa a shekara ta 1855. Lewald ta fara samun kulawa saboda rubuce-rubucenta bayan da aka buga wasikar da ta rubuta game da shari'ar kotu da ta halarta. Dan uwan Lewald, August Lewald, ya buga wasikar a cikin jaridar Stuttgart, Europa, wanda ya gyara. Agusta ya nemi Fanny ta rubuta rahoto game da naɗa Sarki Frederick William IV a Konigsberg a 1840. Fanny Lewald ta ci gaba da zama marubuciya mai yawa kuma ta buga litattafai masu nasara da yawa. Rubuce-rubucenta galibi sun samo asali ne daga kwarewarta ta girma a matsayin mace a cikin iyali mai arziki, tana ba da shawara ga ilimi mafi kyau ga mata da kuma sukar auren da ya dace.<ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1876, bayan mutuwar Stahr, ta koma [[Dresden]], inda ta shiga aikin wallafe-wallafen har zuwa mutuwarta a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 889. == Manazarta == 2f8fl6lhpvdy0do60u0p7kqvmjkvuy9 0 164944 905127 2026-08-20T16:35:10Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628224|Kathinka Zitz-Halein]]" 905127 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Kathinka_Zitz.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein]] [[Fayil:Mainz-Kirschgarten.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein wurin haihuwar a Mainz]] '''Kathinka Zitz''' (née '''Halein'''; Nuwamba 4, 1801 - Maris 8, 1877) mawaki ce ta Jamus, marubucin gajeren labari, ɗan jarida, mai fassara kuma marubuci wanda aka kira shi "mawakin laureate na Juyin Juya Halin Jamus".{{Spaced en dash}} == Tarihin rayuwa == Kathinka Halein ta girma ne a [[Mainz]] . An haife shi ga Anton Victor da Anna Marie Markowitzka Halein . Iyalin sun kasance masu arziki har zuwa Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe an tilasta musu rayuwa kaɗan kuma sun koma gidan kakar mahaifiyar Zitz-Halein. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1825, kuma mahaifinta ya kara zama mara kyau da tashin hankali. A farkon shekarun 1820 an ba ta ikon lauya kuma ta gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. Zitz-Halein ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shekaru uku amma ta koma Mainz don kula da 'yar'uwarta. Ta samar da kudin shiga ga iyalin ta hanyar sayar da kayan ado da koyar da darussan Faransanci. A cikin shekarun 1830 ta fassara litattafai uku na Victor Hugo.<ref name="An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers" /> A ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1837, ta auri dangi mai nisa, sanannen lauyan [[Mainz]] kuma mai Juyin juya halin 1848 Dr. Franz Heinrich Zitz . Sun zauna tare na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ta rubuta wa ''[[Mannheimer Abendzeitung]]'', tana adawa da tantancewa da kuma yin kira ga sake fasalin aure, kisan aure da dokokin kulawa. A cikin Juyin juya halin Jamus na 1848-49 ta kafa kuma ta kasance shugabar farko ta Humania Association, babbar ƙungiyar mata masu juyin juya hali. Marubucin ɗan gajeren labari, a cikin shekarun 1860 ta rubuta litattafan tarihin [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Heine, [[Rahel Varnhagen]] da Byron. {{Rp|1384–1385}} == Ayyukan da aka buga == Ayyukan da Kathinka Zitz-Halein suka buga kamar yadda An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers ya ambata.{{Rp|1384–1385}} == Manazarta == 2v5arwphbihd68e86o65vz453us1rfn 905128 905127 2026-08-20T16:35:40Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Kathinka_Zitz.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein]] [[Fayil:Mainz-Kirschgarten.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein wurin haihuwar a Mainz]] '''Kathinka Zitz''' (née '''Halein'''; Nuwamba 4, 1801 - Maris 8, 1877) mawaki ce ta Jamus, marubucin gajeren labari, ɗan jarida, mai fassara kuma marubuci wanda aka kira shi "mawakin laureate na Juyin Juya Halin Jamus".{{Spaced en dash}} == Tarihin rayuwa == Kathinka Halein ta girma ne a [[Mainz]] . An haife shi ga Anton Victor da Anna Marie Markowitzka Halein . Iyalin sun kasance masu arziki har zuwa Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe an tilasta musu rayuwa kaɗan kuma sun koma gidan kakar mahaifiyar Zitz-Halein. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1825, kuma mahaifinta ya kara zama mara kyau da tashin hankali. A farkon shekarun 1820 an ba ta ikon lauya kuma ta gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. Zitz-Halein ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shekaru uku amma ta koma Mainz don kula da 'yar'uwarta. Ta samar da kudin shiga ga iyalin ta hanyar sayar da kayan ado da koyar da darussan Faransanci. A cikin shekarun 1830 ta fassara litattafai uku na Victor Hugo.<ref name="An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers" /> A ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1837, ta auri dangi mai nisa, sanannen lauyan [[Mainz]] kuma mai Juyin juya halin 1848 Dr. Franz Heinrich Zitz . Sun zauna tare na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ta rubuta wa ''[[Mannheimer Abendzeitung]]'', tana adawa da tantancewa da kuma yin kira ga sake fasalin aure, kisan aure da dokokin kulawa. A cikin Juyin juya halin Jamus na 1848-49 ta kafa kuma ta kasance shugabar farko ta Humania Association, babbar ƙungiyar mata masu juyin juya hali. Marubucin ɗan gajeren labari, a cikin shekarun 1860 ta rubuta litattafan tarihin [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Heine, [[Rahel Varnhagen]] da Byron. {{Rp|1384–1385}} == Ayyukan da aka buga == Ayyukan da Kathinka Zitz-Halein suka buga kamar yadda An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers ya ambata.{{Rp|1384–1385}} == Manazarta == 8bi5vmzm6zydefn9b211o3hd0xzz39w 905141 905128 2026-08-20T17:00:20Z Baffa ali 47435 905141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Kathinka_Zitz.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein]] [[Fayil:Mainz-Kirschgarten.jpg|thumb|Kathinka Zitz-Halein wurin haihuwar a Mainz]] '''Kathinka Zitz''' (née '''Halein'''; a watan Nuwambcea ranar 4 a shekarar , ranar 1Jamusl a watan maris a ranar 8, a shekara ta 1877) mawaki ce ta Jamus, marubucin gajeren labari, ɗan jarida, mai fassara kuma marubuci wanda aka kira shi "mawakin laureate na Juyin Juya Halin Jamus".{{Spaced en dash}} == Tarihin rayuwa == Kathinka Halein ta girma ne a [[Mainz]] . An haife shi ga Anton Victor da Anna Marie Markowitzka Halein . Iyalin sun kasance masu arziki har zuwa Yaƙe-yaƙe na Napoleon. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe an tilasta musu rayuwa kaɗan kuma sun koma gidan kakar mahaifiyar Zitz-Halein. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu, a shekarar 1825, kuma mahaifinta ya kara zama mara kyau da tashin hankali. A farkon shekarun 1820 an ba ta ikon lauya kuma ta gudanar da kasuwancin iyali. Zitz-Halein ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da shekaru uku amma ta koma Mainz don kula da 'yar'uwarta. Ta samar da kudin shiga ga iyalin ta hanyar sayar da kayan ado da koyar da darussan Faransanci. A cikin shekarun 1830 ta fassara litattafai uku na Victor Hugo.<ref name="An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers" /> A ranar 3 ga watan Yuni, a shekarar 1837, ta auri dangi mai nisa, sanannen lauyan [[Mainz]] kuma mai Juyin juya halin 1848 Dr. Franz Heinrich Zitz . Sun zauna tare na tsawon shekaru biyu. Ta rubuta wa ''[[Mannheimer Abendzeitung]]'', tana adawa da tantancewa da kuma yin kira ga sake fasalin aure, kisan aure da dokokin kulawa. A cikin Juyin juya halin Jamus na 1848-49 ta kafa kuma ta kasance shugabar farko ta Humania Association, babbar ƙungiyar mata masu juyin juya hali. Marubucin ɗan gajeren labari, a cikin shekarun 1860 ta rubuta litattafan tarihin [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], Heine, [[Rahel Varnhagen]] da Byron. {{Rp|1384–1385}} == Ayyukan da aka buga == Ayyukan da Kathinka Zitz-Halein suka buga kamar yadda An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers ya ambata.{{Rp|1384–1385}} == Manazarta == ltcag8j4x04stb7twyjvyu3jvsgvpzq 0 164945 905131 2026-08-20T16:39:37Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369785304|Isabel Abedi]]" 905131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabel Nasrin Abedi''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1967) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci da Iran ta littattafan yara da matasa, marubuciya, kuma Mai fassara, wacce aka fi sani da littafinta na Jamusanci mai suna Whisper, da kuma jerin Lola . == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Abedi a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1967 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Isabel Abedi |url=https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128210741/https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/ |archive-date=2023-11-28 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=isabelabedibuechers Webseite! |language=de-DE}}</ref> a [[München|Munich]] amma ya girma a [[Düsseldorf]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Whisper |url=https://www.jugendliteratur.org/title.cfm?djlp_id=707 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.jugendliteratur.org/title.cfm?djlp_id=707 |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Arbeitskreis für Jugendliteratur e.V. |language=de}}</ref> Ta rubuta littafinta na farko a makarantar firamare, ga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya a lokacin yarinta.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=R. |first=Marie |date=2024-01-02 |title=Interview mit der Autorin Isabel Abedi |url=https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/medien/interview-mit-der-autorin-isabel-abedi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/medien/interview-mit-der-autorin-isabel-abedi |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Kindersache |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Interview mit Isabel Abedi (2021) |url=https://die-blaue-seite.de/interview-mit-isabel-abedi--2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330103411/https://die-blaue-seite.de/interview-mit-isabel-abedi--2021 |archive-date=2023-03-30 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Die Blaue Seite |language=de}}</ref> Littattafan da ta fi so da ke girma sune The Brothers Lionheart na Astrid Lindgren, The Neverending Story na Michael Ende, <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Mary Poppins</i></nowiki> na P.L. Travers, da kuma The Famous Five na [[Enid Blyton]] . <ref name=":2" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Abedi ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da fina-finai a [[Los Angeles]] na shekara guda.<ref name=":2" /> Abedi tana zaune tare da abokin aikinta na mawaƙa na Brazil da 'ya'ya mata biyu a Hamburg . <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bals |first=Franka |date=2021-07-20 |title=Kinderbücher von Isabel Abedi und Andrea Schomburg |url=https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/buecher/article232830551/warum-helden-nicht-immer-stark-sein-muessen-kinderbuecher-maedchen-hamburg-isabel-abedi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130150/https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/buecher/article232830551/warum-helden-nicht-immer-stark-sein-muessen-kinderbuecher-maedchen-hamburg-isabel-abedi.html |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.abendblatt.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Abedi ta fara yin labaru lokacin da ɗanta na farko ya sami matsala wajen yin barci. Daga baya ta rubuta labarun, wanda ya zama wallafe-wallafen ta na yanzu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-06-12 |title=Die Autorin Isabel Abedi - Nahe Ferne |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/die-autorin-isabel-abedi-nahe-ferne-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319123715/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/die-autorin-isabel-abedi-nahe-ferne-100.html |archive-date=2023-03-19 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> An fassara littattafan Abedi cikin harsuna 37.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=Jugendbuchautorin Isabel Abedi liest am Descartes-Gymnasium Neuburg |url=https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/landkreis-neuburg-schrobenhausen/jugendbuchautorin-isabel-abedi-liest-am-descartes-gymnasium-neuburg-12321795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130150/https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/landkreis-neuburg-schrobenhausen/jugendbuchautorin-isabel-abedi-liest-am-descartes-gymnasium-neuburg-12321795 |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Donaukurier.de |language=de}}</ref> Ta kuma fassara daga Jamusanci zuwa Turanci, gami da ayyukan Amy Giles, Camryn Garrett, da Dayna Lorentz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bücher |url=https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/b%C3%BCcher/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/b%C3%BCcher/ |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=isabelabedibuechers Webseite! |language=de-DE}}</ref> Bayan rubuce-rubuce Abedi ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci a [[Hamburg]] na tsawon shekaru goma sha uku.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] jf19gl1kianc6qyke76jo482argoqsf 905133 905131 2026-08-20T16:40:38Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 905133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Isabel Nasrin Abedi''' (an haife ta a ranar 3 ga watan Maris, shekara ta 1967) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci da Iran ta littattafan yara da matasa, marubuciya, kuma Mai fassara, wacce aka fi sani da littafinta na Jamusanci mai suna Whisper, da kuma jerin Lola. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Abedi a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1967 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Isabel Abedi |url=https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128210741/https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/ |archive-date=2023-11-28 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=isabelabedibuechers Webseite! |language=de-DE}}</ref> a [[München|Munich]] amma ya girma a [[Düsseldorf]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Whisper |url=https://www.jugendliteratur.org/title.cfm?djlp_id=707 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.jugendliteratur.org/title.cfm?djlp_id=707 |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Arbeitskreis für Jugendliteratur e.V. |language=de}}</ref> Ta rubuta littafinta na farko a makarantar firamare, ga mahaifiyarta, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin marubuciya a lokacin yarinta.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=R. |first=Marie |date=2024-01-02 |title=Interview mit der Autorin Isabel Abedi |url=https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/medien/interview-mit-der-autorin-isabel-abedi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.kindersache.de/bereiche/wissen/medien/interview-mit-der-autorin-isabel-abedi |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Kindersache |language=de}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Interview mit Isabel Abedi (2021) |url=https://die-blaue-seite.de/interview-mit-isabel-abedi--2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330103411/https://die-blaue-seite.de/interview-mit-isabel-abedi--2021 |archive-date=2023-03-30 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Die Blaue Seite |language=de}}</ref> Littattafan da ta fi so da ke girma sune The Brothers Lionheart na Astrid Lindgren, The Neverending Story na Michael Ende, <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Mary Poppins</i></nowiki> na P.L. Travers, da kuma The Famous Five na [[Enid Blyton]] . <ref name=":2" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar sakandare, Abedi ya yi aiki a matsayin mai horar da fina-finai a [[Los Angeles]] na shekara guda.<ref name=":2" /> Abedi tana zaune tare da abokin aikinta na mawaƙa na Brazil da 'ya'ya mata biyu a Hamburg . <ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bals |first=Franka |date=2021-07-20 |title=Kinderbücher von Isabel Abedi und Andrea Schomburg |url=https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/buecher/article232830551/warum-helden-nicht-immer-stark-sein-muessen-kinderbuecher-maedchen-hamburg-isabel-abedi.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130150/https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/buecher/article232830551/warum-helden-nicht-immer-stark-sein-muessen-kinderbuecher-maedchen-hamburg-isabel-abedi.html |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.abendblatt.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Abedi ta fara yin labaru lokacin da ɗanta na farko ya sami matsala wajen yin barci. Daga baya ta rubuta labarun, wanda ya zama wallafe-wallafen ta na yanzu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-06-12 |title=Die Autorin Isabel Abedi - Nahe Ferne |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/die-autorin-isabel-abedi-nahe-ferne-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319123715/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/die-autorin-isabel-abedi-nahe-ferne-100.html |archive-date=2023-03-19 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> An fassara littattafan Abedi cikin harsuna 37.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=Jugendbuchautorin Isabel Abedi liest am Descartes-Gymnasium Neuburg |url=https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/landkreis-neuburg-schrobenhausen/jugendbuchautorin-isabel-abedi-liest-am-descartes-gymnasium-neuburg-12321795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130150/https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/landkreis-neuburg-schrobenhausen/jugendbuchautorin-isabel-abedi-liest-am-descartes-gymnasium-neuburg-12321795 |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Donaukurier.de |language=de}}</ref> Ta kuma fassara daga Jamusanci zuwa Turanci, gami da ayyukan Amy Giles, Camryn Garrett, da Dayna Lorentz.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bücher |url=https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/b%C3%BCcher/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106130151/https://www.isabelabedibuecher.de/b%C3%BCcher/ |archive-date=2024-01-06 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=isabelabedibuechers Webseite! |language=de-DE}}</ref> Bayan rubuce-rubuce Abedi ya yi aiki a matsayin marubuci a [[Hamburg]] na tsawon shekaru goma sha uku.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] 3glt2z4bsjs3vgruxz0i34ekcxhayh2 0 164946 905153 2026-08-20T18:15:10Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344600170|Conrad Fink]]" 905153 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Conrad Warmund Christian Maria Fink (7 ga Yulin 1900, [[München|Munich]] - 25 ga Yulin 1981) ya kasance mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Jamus kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya wakilci Jam'iyyar Bavaria da Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Kirista ta Bavaria . Ya kasance mai kula da gundumar Pfarrkirchen kuma daga 1949 zuwa 1953 memba na Deutscher Bundestag . == Rayuwa da aiki == Bayan ya halarci makarantar firamare kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Munich, Fink ya fara digiri a fannin falsafar, addini, kimiyya, da [[Tarihin Fasaha]] a jami'o'in Munich da Marburg kuma daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a Falsafa. Bayan aikinsa na ilimi Fink ya yi aiki a cikin kantin sayar da littattafai da ɗakin karatu na kimiyya, ya tashi zuwa matsayi a fagen karshe na babban mai ba da shawara. A lokacin mulkin National Socialist Gestapo ta sanya Fink a karkashin sa ido tsakanin shekarun 1937 da 1945. Bayan fashewar bam na Jamus da sojojin Allied suka yi, Fink ya koma Postmünster, wata karamar hukuma a gundumar Rottal-Inn, Bavaria. == Ayyukan siyasa == Conrad Fink ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Bavaria (BVP) daga 1919 zuwa 1933. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya sake kafa aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga CSU a 1946 kuma yana wakiltar wannan jam'iyya a matsayin Shugaban Gundumar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946 ya kasance Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira ban da matsayinsa na gudanarwa a Pfarrkirchen . A watan Maris na shekara ta 1946 Fink ya shiga jam'iyyar Bayernpartei (BP). Zaben Janar na farko na Jamus Bayan yakin a 1949 ya ga an zabi Fink a matsayin memba na Deutscher Bundestag wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Pfarrkirchen . A cikin majalisa Fink ya kasance memba na Föderalistischen Union (FU) kuma ya zama jagoran majalisa na kungiyar a cikin Bundestag . A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba Fink ya shiga CSU don nuna rashin amincewa da hadewar Bayernpartei da Zentrumspartei. A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 1952 Fink ya bar duka Föderalistischen Union da kwamitin yanki na Christlich-Soziale Union. Fink ya kasance memba na kwamitin [[Berlin]] daga 1950, memba na kwaminisanci na Harkokin Jamus, da kwaminisancin Kasashen Waje har zuwa Janairu 1952. A watan Fabrairu da Maris 1952 Fink ya kasance ɗan gajeren memba na kwamitin Lastenausgleich, wanda za'a iya fassara shi kuma a bayyana shi a matsayin kwamitin da manufar yin la'akari da rarraba nauyin kuɗi na yankunan Jamus (Länder). Daga watan Fabrairun 1952 Fink ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Karatu kuma daga watan Maris na 1952 memba na kwamitin [[Doka|Shari'a]] da Harkokin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|Tsarin Mulki]]. Conrad Fink ya yi ritaya daga Bundestag a ƙarshen wa'adinsa a 1953. == Littattafai == * Rottaler Heimatbüchlein da Pfarrkirchener Museumsführer, Pfarrkurchen, 1949. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Jaromír Balcar/Thomas Schlemmer: ''An der Spitze der CSU: Die Führungsgremien der Christlich-Sozialen Union 1946 bis 1955'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2007, S. 298 * Rudolf Vierhaus und [[Ludolf Herbst]] (Hrsg.): ''Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages 1949–2002.'' Band 1, A–M, Saur, München 2002, {{ISBN|3-598-23781-2}}, S. 209. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] 9tqu6zwbc8hmqcxwhg9eacq6ebotq42 905154 905153 2026-08-20T18:16:07Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 905154 wikitext text/x-wiki Conrad Warmund Christian Maria Fink (7 ga Yulin 1900, [[München|Munich]] - 25 ga Yulin 1981) ya kasance mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Jamus kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya wakilci Jam'iyyar Bavaria da Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Kirista ta Bavaria . Ya kasance mai kula da gundumar Pfarrkirchen kuma daga 1949 zuwa 1953 memba na Deutscher Bundestag . == Rayuwa da aiki == Bayan ya halarci makarantar firamare kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Munich, Fink ya fara digiri a fannin falsafar, addini, kimiyya, da [[Tarihin Fasaha]] a jami'o'in Munich da Marburg kuma daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a Falsafa. Bayan aikinsa na ilimi Fink ya yi aiki a cikin kantin sayar da littattafai da ɗakin karatu na kimiyya, ya tashi zuwa matsayi a fagen karshe na babban mai ba da shawara. A lokacin mulkin National Socialist Gestapo ta sanya Fink a karkashin sa ido tsakanin shekarun 1937 da 1945. Bayan fashewar bam na Jamus da sojojin Allied suka yi, Fink ya koma Postmünster, wata karamar hukuma a gundumar Rottal-Inn, Bavaria. == Ayyukan siyasa == Conrad Fink ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Bavaria (BVP) daga 1919 zuwa 1933. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya sake kafa aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga CSU a 1946 kuma yana wakiltar wannan jam'iyya a matsayin Shugaban Gundumar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946 ya kasance Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira ban da matsayinsa na gudanarwa a Pfarrkirchen . A watan Maris na shekara ta 1946 Fink ya shiga jam'iyyar Bayernpartei (BP). Zaben Janar na farko na Jamus Bayan yakin a 1949 ya ga an zabi Fink a matsayin memba na Deutscher Bundestag wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Pfarrkirchen . A cikin majalisa Fink ya kasance memba na Föderalistischen Union (FU) kuma ya zama jagoran majalisa na kungiyar a cikin Bundestag . A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba Fink ya shiga CSU don nuna rashin amincewa da hadewar Bayernpartei da Zentrumspartei. A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 1952 Fink ya bar duka Föderalistischen Union da kwamitin yanki na Christlich-Soziale Union. Fink ya kasance memba na kwamitin [[Berlin]] daga 1950, memba na kwaminisanci na Harkokin Jamus, da kwaminisancin Kasashen Waje har zuwa Janairu 1952. A watan Fabrairu da Maris 1952 Fink ya kasance ɗan gajeren memba na kwamitin Lastenausgleich, wanda za'a iya fassara shi kuma a bayyana shi a matsayin kwamitin da manufar yin la'akari da rarraba nauyin kuɗi na yankunan Jamus (Länder). Daga watan Fabrairun 1952 Fink ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Karatu kuma daga watan Maris na 1952 memba na kwamitin [[Doka|Shari'a]] da Harkokin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|Tsarin Mulki]]. Conrad Fink ya yi ritaya daga Bundestag a ƙarshen wa'adinsa a 1953. == Littattafai == * Rottaler Heimatbüchlein da Pfarrkirchener Museumsführer, Pfarrkurchen, 1949. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Jaromír Balcar/Thomas Schlemmer: ''An der Spitze der CSU: Die Führungsgremien der Christlich-Sozialen Union 1946 bis 1955'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2007, S. 298 * Rudolf Vierhaus und [[Ludolf Herbst]] (Hrsg.): ''Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages 1949–2002.'' Band 1, A–M, Saur, München 2002, {{ISBN|3-598-23781-2}}, S. 209. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] gzhgsn6kmwmqld51kxrm54izu3h9m9u 905155 905154 2026-08-20T18:16:35Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 905155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Conrad Warmund Christian Maria Fink (7 ga Yulin 1900, [[München|Munich]] - 25 ga Yulin 1981) ya kasance mai kula da ɗakin karatu na Jamus kuma [[ɗan siyasa]] wanda ya wakilci Jam'iyyar Bavaria da Ƙungiyar Jama'a ta Kirista ta Bavaria . Ya kasance mai kula da gundumar Pfarrkirchen kuma daga 1949 zuwa 1953 memba na Deutscher Bundestag . == Rayuwa da aiki == Bayan ya halarci makarantar firamare kuma ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Munich, Fink ya fara digiri a fannin falsafar, addini, kimiyya, da [[Tarihin Fasaha]] a jami'o'in Munich da Marburg kuma daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a Falsafa. Bayan aikinsa na ilimi Fink ya yi aiki a cikin kantin sayar da littattafai da ɗakin karatu na kimiyya, ya tashi zuwa matsayi a fagen karshe na babban mai ba da shawara. A lokacin mulkin National Socialist Gestapo ta sanya Fink a karkashin sa ido tsakanin shekarun 1937 da 1945. Bayan fashewar bam na Jamus da sojojin Allied suka yi, Fink ya koma Postmünster, wata karamar hukuma a gundumar Rottal-Inn, Bavaria. == Ayyukan siyasa == Conrad Fink ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Bavaria (BVP) daga 1919 zuwa 1933. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya sake kafa aikinsa na siyasa ta hanyar shiga CSU a 1946 kuma yana wakiltar wannan jam'iyya a matsayin Shugaban Gundumar. Tun daga shekara ta 1946 ya kasance Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira ban da matsayinsa na gudanarwa a Pfarrkirchen . A watan Maris na shekara ta 1946 Fink ya shiga jam'iyyar Bayernpartei (BP). Zaben Janar na farko na Jamus Bayan yakin a 1949 ya ga an zabi Fink a matsayin memba na Deutscher Bundestag wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Pfarrkirchen . A cikin majalisa Fink ya kasance memba na Föderalistischen Union (FU) kuma ya zama jagoran majalisa na kungiyar a cikin Bundestag . A ranar 14 ga watan Disamba Fink ya shiga CSU don nuna rashin amincewa da hadewar Bayernpartei da Zentrumspartei. A ranar 5 ga watan Janairun 1952 Fink ya bar duka Föderalistischen Union da kwamitin yanki na Christlich-Soziale Union. Fink ya kasance memba na kwamitin [[Berlin]] daga 1950, memba na kwaminisanci na Harkokin Jamus, da kwaminisancin Kasashen Waje har zuwa Janairu 1952. A watan Fabrairu da Maris 1952 Fink ya kasance ɗan gajeren memba na kwamitin Lastenausgleich, wanda za'a iya fassara shi kuma a bayyana shi a matsayin kwamitin da manufar yin la'akari da rarraba nauyin kuɗi na yankunan Jamus (Länder). Daga watan Fabrairun 1952 Fink ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Karatu kuma daga watan Maris na 1952 memba na kwamitin [[Doka|Shari'a]] da Harkokin [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|Tsarin Mulki]]. Conrad Fink ya yi ritaya daga Bundestag a ƙarshen wa'adinsa a 1953. == Littattafai == * Rottaler Heimatbüchlein da Pfarrkirchener Museumsführer, Pfarrkurchen, 1949. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Jaromír Balcar/Thomas Schlemmer: ''An der Spitze der CSU: Die Führungsgremien der Christlich-Sozialen Union 1946 bis 1955'', Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 2007, S. 298 * Rudolf Vierhaus und [[Ludolf Herbst]] (Hrsg.): ''Biographisches Handbuch der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages 1949–2002.'' Band 1, A–M, Saur, München 2002, {{ISBN|3-598-23781-2}}, S. 209. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1981]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] 5oltayjwpjyn24d48nk6f200cwt36qz 0 164947 905156 2026-08-20T18:19:41Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347410668|Christa Sammler]]" 905156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Christa_Sammler_001.jpg|right|thumb|Christa Sammler a cikin 2016]] '''Christa Sammler''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1932) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane.<ref name="CSlautHMS">{{Cite web |title=Vom Entwurf zur Bronzeskulptur: Schauen Sie einer Bildhauerin über die Schulter – Blick ins Atelier von Christa Sammler |url=https://www2d.hs-magdeburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Einrichtungen/ZFW/Senior-Campus/Programm_Senior_Campus_SoSe_2014_FINAL_s.pdf |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Senior-Campus: Sommersemester 2014 |publisher=Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal |pages=57–59}}</ref> == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Mädchen_mit_Apfel.jpg|right|thumb|{{Center|'''Mädchen mit Apfel'''<br>''Maiden with apple''}}{{right|''Bronze, 1962''}}]] An haifi Christa Sammler a Breslau (kamar yadda aka sani da Wrocław a wannan lokacin) . Tsakanin 1948 da 1951 ta sami darussan zane daga Alfred Herzog a Bautzen . <ref name="CSlautJP">{{Cite web |title=Christa Sammler - Plastik |url=https://www.pirckheimer-gesellschaft.org/blog/joachim-pohl?page=1 |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Walter Herzog & Christa Sammler (Ausstellung) |publisher=Kunst- und Ausstellungsagentur Joachim Pohl, Berlin-Pankow}}</ref> 1951 ita ce shekarar da ta wuce jarrabawar karshe ta makaranta ("Abitur") wanda ya buɗe hanya don ilimin matakin jami'a. Ta yi karatu tsakanin 1951 da 1956 a Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Dresden inda Walter Arnold ya koya mata.<ref name="CSlautPHF">{{Cite web |last=[[Peter H. Feist]] |date=23 December 2002 |title=Zum 70. von Christa Sammler: Bildhauerin mit Bürgersinn |url=https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/28463.gespuer-fuer-geschichte.html |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Gespür für Geschichte |publisher=[[Neues Deutschland]]}}</ref> Koyaya, mai yiwuwa ya fi muhimmanci wajen bayyana tsarin nata cewa tsakanin 1956 da 1958 ta kasance "Master student" (''"Meisterschülerin"'') tare da Gustav Seitz a [[:de:Akademie der Künste der DDR|Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gabashin Jamus]].<ref name="CSlautPHF" /> Ta yi aiki a Berlin a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kanta tun shekara ta 1958. <ref name="CSlautStadtbib">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2009 |title=Skulpturen und Plastiken in der Chemnitzer Innenstadt |url=http://www.stadtbibliothek-chemnitz.de/skulpturen/pmwiki.php?n=Main.ChristaSammler |access-date=12 January 2018 |publisher=Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz}}</ref> Tare da aikinta a matsayin ƙwararren mai zane-zane Sammler ya sanya shi fifiko don mayar da hankali kan ceto da adana ayyukan fasaha da gine-gine na tarihi.<ref name="CSlautPHF" /> Ayyukan da suka amfana daga sa hannun ta tsawon shekaru sun haɗa da mews a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland na [[Postdam|Potsdam]] da tsoffin gine-gine a Gidan Tarihi na Neues a Berlin. A matsayinta na memba na zartarwa mai mulki na Berlin Historical [Buildings] Society, a cikin 2001 ta sami nasarar yin kira ga Walter Momper, tsohon magajin garin Berlin wanda a wannan lokacin ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai ta Berlin, don tabbatar da wurin "da ya dace" don tunawa da mai gyara Baron vom Stein, a gaban Majalisar dokokin Birnin Berlin. An ruwaito a cikin 2014 cewa Christa Sammler ta canja duk kayan aikinta na fasaha zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Winckelmann a Stendal (sa'a daya ko haka [bayani da ake buƙata] zuwa yammacin Berlin). <ref name="CSlautHMS" />  == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] nd41sgxl1ml0dyl3ejubpxntgq0aikj 905157 905156 2026-08-20T18:20:07Z Nnamadee 31123 905157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Christa_Sammler_001.jpg|right|thumb|Christa Sammler a cikin 2016]] '''Christa Sammler''' (an haife ta a ranar 23 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1932) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane.<ref name="CSlautHMS">{{Cite web |title=Vom Entwurf zur Bronzeskulptur: Schauen Sie einer Bildhauerin über die Schulter – Blick ins Atelier von Christa Sammler |url=https://www2d.hs-magdeburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Einrichtungen/ZFW/Senior-Campus/Programm_Senior_Campus_SoSe_2014_FINAL_s.pdf |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Senior-Campus: Sommersemester 2014 |publisher=Hochschule Magdeburg-Stendal |pages=57–59}}</ref> == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Mädchen_mit_Apfel.jpg|right|thumb|{{Center|'''Mädchen mit Apfel'''<br>''Maiden with apple''}}{{right|''Bronze, 1962''}}]] An haifi Christa Sammler a Breslau (kamar yadda aka sani da Wrocław a wannan lokacin) . Tsakanin 1948 da 1951 ta sami darussan zane daga Alfred Herzog a Bautzen . <ref name="CSlautJP">{{Cite web |title=Christa Sammler - Plastik |url=https://www.pirckheimer-gesellschaft.org/blog/joachim-pohl?page=1 |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Walter Herzog & Christa Sammler (Ausstellung) |publisher=Kunst- und Ausstellungsagentur Joachim Pohl, Berlin-Pankow}}</ref> 1951 ita ce shekarar da ta wuce jarrabawar karshe ta makaranta ("Abitur") wanda ya buɗe hanya don ilimin matakin jami'a. Ta yi karatu tsakanin 1951 da 1956 a Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Dresden inda Walter Arnold ya koya mata.<ref name="CSlautPHF">{{Cite web |last=[[Peter H. Feist]] |date=23 December 2002 |title=Zum 70. von Christa Sammler: Bildhauerin mit Bürgersinn |url=https://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/28463.gespuer-fuer-geschichte.html |access-date=11 January 2018 |website=Gespür für Geschichte |publisher=[[Neues Deutschland]]}}</ref> Koyaya, mai yiwuwa ya fi muhimmanci wajen bayyana tsarin nata cewa tsakanin 1956 da 1958 ta kasance "Master student" (''"Meisterschülerin"'') tare da Gustav Seitz a [[:de:Akademie der Künste der DDR|Kwalejin Fasaha ta Gabashin Jamus]].<ref name="CSlautPHF" /> Ta yi aiki a Berlin a matsayin mai zane-zane mai zaman kanta tun shekara ta 1958. <ref name="CSlautStadtbib">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2009 |title=Skulpturen und Plastiken in der Chemnitzer Innenstadt |url=http://www.stadtbibliothek-chemnitz.de/skulpturen/pmwiki.php?n=Main.ChristaSammler |access-date=12 January 2018 |publisher=Stadtbibliothek Chemnitz}}</ref> Tare da aikinta a matsayin ƙwararren mai zane-zane Sammler ya sanya shi fifiko don mayar da hankali kan ceto da adana ayyukan fasaha da gine-gine na tarihi.<ref name="CSlautPHF" /> Ayyukan da suka amfana daga sa hannun ta tsawon shekaru sun haɗa da mews a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland na [[Postdam|Potsdam]] da tsoffin gine-gine a Gidan Tarihi na Neues a Berlin. A matsayinta na memba na zartarwa mai mulki na Berlin Historical [Buildings] Society, a cikin 2001 ta sami nasarar yin kira ga Walter Momper, tsohon magajin garin Berlin wanda a wannan lokacin ya kasance shugaban majalisar wakilai ta Berlin, don tabbatar da wurin "da ya dace" don tunawa da mai gyara Baron vom Stein, a gaban Majalisar dokokin Birnin Berlin. An ruwaito a cikin 2014 cewa Christa Sammler ta canja duk kayan aikinta na fasaha zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Winckelmann a Stendal (sa'a daya ko haka [bayani da ake buƙata] zuwa yammacin Berlin). <ref name="CSlautHMS" />  == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1932]] 6rfwuxvurq7f4k1g05xq7212539gnim 0 164948 905158 2026-08-20T18:21:17Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324157419|Margarethe Sömmering]]" 905158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margarethe Sömmering''', an haife ta '''Margarethe Elisabeth Grunelius''' (1768-1802) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. An haife ta a [[Frankfurt]], Sömmering 'yar'uwar wani ma'aikacin banki ce, kuma a cikin 1792 ta auri Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, wanda a lokacin shi ne dean na fannin kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Mainz. Ma'auratan sun koma Frankfurt bayan shekaru uku. Ta kasance ɗalibar Elisabeth Coengten da Johann Gottlieb Prestel, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane da mai kwafi, tana aiki a cikin ƙarami kuma tana amfani da ruwa da mai. Ta kuma samar da zane-zane bayan Francesco Bartolozzi da Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein . == Manazarta == m93inbx5lgsv0xmmxcznji1smuj3h3v 905159 905158 2026-08-20T18:22:06Z Nnamadee 31123 905159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Margarethe Sömmering''', an haife ta '''Margarethe Elisabeth Grunelius''' (1768-1802) ta kasance mai zane-zane ta Jamus. An haife ta a [[Frankfurt]], Sömmering 'yar'uwar wani ma'aikacin banki ce, kuma a cikin 1792 ta auri Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, wanda a lokacin shi ne dean na fannin kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Mainz. Ma'auratan sun koma Frankfurt bayan shekaru uku. Ta kasance ɗalibar Elisabeth Coengten da Johann Gottlieb Prestel, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane da mai kwafi, tana aiki a cikin ƙarami kuma tana amfani da ruwa da mai. Ta kuma samar da zane-zane bayan Francesco Bartolozzi da Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein. == Manazarta == h6huc98v34br51j14mbb67kpyby3plm 905160 905159 2026-08-20T18:23:03Z Nnamadee 31123 905160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Margarethe Sömmering''', an haife ta '''Margarethe Elisabeth Grunelius''' (1768-1802) ta kasance mai zane-zane ta Jamus. An haife ta a [[Frankfurt]], Sömmering 'yar'uwar wani ma'aikacin banki ce, kuma a cikin 1792 ta auri Samuel Thomas von Sömmering, wanda a lokacin shi ne dean na fannin kiwon lafiya a Jami'ar Mainz. Ma'auratan sun koma Frankfurt bayan shekaru uku. Ta kasance ɗalibar Elisabeth Coengten da Johann Gottlieb Prestel, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane da mai kwafi, tana aiki a cikin ƙarami kuma tana amfani da ruwa da mai. Ta kuma samar da zane-zane bayan Francesco Bartolozzi da Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein.<ref>Profile Archived 2017-07-30 at the Wayback Machine in the Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800.</ref> == Manazarta == 88xevhjwpop0u9b6rjs4d63om2kl6yu 0 164949 905161 2026-08-20T18:24:53Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350894811|Emmy von Egidy]]" 905161 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Emmy_von_Egidy.jpg|thumb|Emmy von Egidy]] '''Emmy von Egidy''' (cikakken suna ''Luise Charlotte Alexandrine Emma von Egidy''; an haife ta 5 ga Afrilu 1872 - 1 ga Disamba 1946) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa == An haifi Von Egidy a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1872 a Pirna . Ita 'yar masanin ilimin zamantakewa ce [[Moritz von Egidy (father)|Moritz von Egidy]] da matarsa Luise, née von Götz . A farkon kwanakin [[Sana’ar hannu|zane-zane da sana'o'i]] na zamani, ta yi aiki don United Workshops for Arts and Crafts a Munich. A cikin 1904, ta gabatar da ayyukan fasaha a baje kolin fasaha na [[Dresden]] . Ta kuma rubuta litattafai game da [[Feminism|Batutuwan mata]] da matsalolin aure, wanda ya bayyana a cikin bugu da yawa. Von Egidy aboki ne na Clara Westhoff. Lokacin da Rainer Maria Rilke ke Basel a 1919, Egidy ya gabatar da shi ga al'ummar Basel. Von Egidy ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1946 a Weimar yana da shekaru 74. == Nune - nune == * ''.'Ya'yan mata na Eva. Marubutan mata na Munich da ƙungiyar mata ta zamani. 1894–1933''. Nuni a Monacensia a cikin Hildebrandhaus daga 14 ga Maris zuwa 16 ga Satumba 2018, wanda Ingvild Richardsen ya tsara (Emmy von Egidy na ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na nune-nunen) * ''Die modernen Frauen des Atelier Elvira a München und Augsburg 1887-1908'', Kunstsammlungen Augsburg, Grafisches Kabinett, 25 Yuni zuwa 25 Satumba 2022, wanda Ingvild Richardsen ya tsara (Emmy von Egidy ya kasance wani ɓangare na baje kolin) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die modernen Frauen des Atelier Elvira |url=https://kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de/atelier-elvira}}</ref> * ''Emmy von Egidy (1872-1946),'' Keramik-Museum Bürgel, 19 Nuwamba 2022 zuwa 23 Afrilu 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Luise Giggel |date=2022-11-19 |title=Ein "Superstar" der Jahrhundertwende in Bürgel |url=https://www.otz.de/regionen/eisenberg/article236952143/Ein-Superstar-der-Jahrhundertwende-in-Buergel.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=otz.de}}</ref> == Manazarta == 7detumgqei4666nrjv1wln2bplv8g63 905162 905161 2026-08-20T18:25:18Z Nnamadee 31123 905162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Emmy_von_Egidy.jpg|thumb|Emmy von Egidy]] '''Emmy von Egidy''' (cikakken suna ''Luise Charlotte Alexandrine Emma von Egidy''; an haife ta 5 ga Afrilu 1872 - 1 ga Disamba 1946) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus kuma marubuciya. == Rayuwa == An haifi Von Egidy a ranar 5 ga Afrilu 1872 a Pirna . Ita 'yar masanin ilimin zamantakewa ce [[Moritz von Egidy (father)|Moritz von Egidy]] da matarsa Luise, née von Götz . A farkon kwanakin [[Sana’ar hannu|zane-zane da sana'o'i]] na zamani, ta yi aiki don United Workshops for Arts and Crafts a Munich. A cikin 1904, ta gabatar da ayyukan fasaha a baje kolin fasaha na [[Dresden]] . Ta kuma rubuta litattafai game da [[Feminism|Batutuwan mata]] da matsalolin aure, wanda ya bayyana a cikin bugu da yawa. Von Egidy aboki ne na Clara Westhoff. Lokacin da Rainer Maria Rilke ke Basel a 1919, Egidy ya gabatar da shi ga al'ummar Basel. Von Egidy ya mutu a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1946 a Weimar yana da shekaru 74. == Nune - nune == * ''.'Ya'yan mata na Eva. Marubutan mata na Munich da ƙungiyar mata ta zamani. 1894–1933''. Nuni a Monacensia a cikin Hildebrandhaus daga 14 ga Maris zuwa 16 ga Satumba 2018, wanda Ingvild Richardsen ya tsara (Emmy von Egidy na ɗaya daga cikin masu gabatarwa na nune-nunen) * ''Die modernen Frauen des Atelier Elvira a München und Augsburg 1887-1908'', Kunstsammlungen Augsburg, Grafisches Kabinett, 25 Yuni zuwa 25 Satumba 2022, wanda Ingvild Richardsen ya tsara (Emmy von Egidy ya kasance wani ɓangare na baje kolin) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Die modernen Frauen des Atelier Elvira |url=https://kunstsammlungen-museen.augsburg.de/atelier-elvira}}</ref> * ''Emmy von Egidy (1872-1946),'' Keramik-Museum Bürgel, 19 Nuwamba 2022 zuwa 23 Afrilu 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Luise Giggel |date=2022-11-19 |title=Ein "Superstar" der Jahrhundertwende in Bürgel |url=https://www.otz.de/regionen/eisenberg/article236952143/Ein-Superstar-der-Jahrhundertwende-in-Buergel.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=otz.de}}</ref> == Manazarta == tbnr6nx2rm08kxskjfqbnkmc8hagkjj 0 164950 905164 2026-08-20T18:26:41Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343254352|Minna Stocks]]" 905164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Minna Stocks''' (1846-1928) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da zane-zanen dabbobi. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stocks a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1846 a Schwerin, Jamus. <ref name="Benezit">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Stocks, Minna |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00176200 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00176200}}</ref> Ta yi karatu tare da Carl Steffeck, {{Interlanguage link|Ernst Bosch|de}}, Gustav Graef, da Jeanna Bauck. Ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stocks |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Stocks ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1928 a Hinzenhagen, Jamus.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Minna Stocks |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/232612 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Minna_Stocks_Hundeporträt.jpg|thumb|''Hundeporträt'' ta Minna Stocks]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846]] q0uouhbp5b8cuko74ij90qxhu0d52k7 905165 905164 2026-08-20T18:27:11Z Nnamadee 31123 905165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Minna Stocks''' (1846-1928) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da zane-zanen dabbobi. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stocks a ranar 24 ga Yuni 1846 a Schwerin, Jamus. <ref name="Benezit">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Stocks, Minna |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00176200 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00176200}}</ref> Ta yi karatu tare da Carl Steffeck, {{Interlanguage link|Ernst Bosch|de}}, Gustav Graef, da Jeanna Bauck. Ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stocks |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Stocks ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 1928 a Hinzenhagen, Jamus.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Minna Stocks |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/232612 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref> [[Fayil:Minna_Stocks_Hundeporträt.jpg|thumb|''Hundeporträt'' ta Minna Stocks]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846]] 26c153l5cwvv6lt0cp0eqbyijv6lcqf 0 164951 905167 2026-08-20T18:30:02Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342266532|Julia Charlotte Mengs]]" 905167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Charlotte Mengs''' (c. 1730 - bayan 1806) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. An haifi Julia Charlotte a Bohemia, a cikin iyalin Lutheran na mai zane na Danish Ismael Mengs, ''hofmaler'' (mai zane na kotu) a kotun masu jefa kuri'a da sarakuna na Saxonian-Polish. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Therese Maron da Anton Raphael Mengs, kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane na kotu. Koyaya, a cikin 1765, ta shiga Masallacin Belvedere a cikin Maris na Ancona, ta ɗauki sunan Sister Maria Speranda . Ta mutu a can wani lokaci bayan 1806. Babu wani aikin da Julia ta yi da ya tsira, kodayake hoton da aka kwatanta da ita ta al'ada kamar yadda 'yar'uwarta ta kasance wani lokacin ana ba da shawarar zama hoton kanta a maimakon haka. == Manazarta == j9q5494dpx35szp4aqb667wunbogrvo 905168 905167 2026-08-20T18:30:26Z Nnamadee 31123 905168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julia Charlotte Mengs''' (c. 1730 - bayan 1806) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. An haifi Julia Charlotte a Bohemia, a cikin iyalin Lutheran na mai zane na Danish Ismael Mengs, ''hofmaler'' (mai zane na kotu) a kotun masu jefa kuri'a da sarakuna na Saxonian-Polish. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Therese Maron da Anton Raphael Mengs, kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane na kotu. Koyaya, a cikin 1765, ta shiga Masallacin Belvedere a cikin Maris na Ancona, ta ɗauki sunan Sister Maria Speranda . Ta mutu a can wani lokaci bayan 1806. Babu wani aikin da Julia ta yi da ya tsira, kodayake hoton da aka kwatanta da ita ta al'ada kamar yadda 'yar'uwarta ta kasance wani lokacin ana ba da shawarar zama hoton kanta a maimakon haka. == Manazarta == kyh58x527r0ye0jtwvoy8qzo92n3h0f 905170 905168 2026-08-20T18:31:29Z Nnamadee 31123 905170 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julia Charlotte Mengs''' (c. 1730 - bayan 1806) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. An haifi Julia Charlotte a Bohemia, a cikin iyalin Lutheran na mai zane na Danish Ismael Mengs, ''hofmaler'' (mai zane na kotu) a kotun masu jefa kuri'a da sarakuna na Saxonian-Polish. Ita ce ƙaramar 'yar'uwar Therese Maron da Anton Raphael Mengs, kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane na kotu. Koyaya, a cikin 1765, ta shiga Masallacin Belvedere a cikin Maris na Ancona, ta ɗauki sunan Sister Maria Speranda . Ta mutu a can wani lokaci bayan 1806. Babu wani aikin da Julia ta yi da ya tsira, kodayake hoton da aka kwatanta da ita ta al'ada kamar yadda 'yar'uwarta ta kasance wani lokacin ana ba da shawarar zama hoton kanta a maimakon haka.<ref>Profile at the Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800.</ref> == Manazarta == q8kil3udebjrehr9fpf7ozj9khqdzkn 0 164952 905169 2026-08-20T18:30:38Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338355988|Feudal baron]]" 905169 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muh I want to see you in the morning and I will be there in a few minutes to get the attached to the current location kuma an gina shi ne a shekarar dubu biyu da goma sha biyu ne suka mutu a rikicin kasar Mali a yanzu Baron feudal wani mai riƙe da gado ne wanda ake kira ''barony'', wanda ya ƙunshi takamaiman yanki na ƙasa, wanda mai iko ya ba shi don dawo da aminci da sabis. Bayan ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Turai, baronies na feudal sun fi maye gurbin baronies da aka gudanar a matsayin matsayi na daraja, ba tare da wani haɗi ga fief ba. == Ingila == A tarihance, barons na feudal na Ingila sune manyan masu haya na sarki, wato mutanen da ke da ƙasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka kai tsaye daga sarki a matsayin mai mulki su kuma ya ba su ikon doka (baron kotun) a kan yankinsu, barony, wanda ya ƙunshi [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|manors]] da yawa. Irin waɗannan maza, idan ba a riga an ɗaukaka su ba, {{Efn|Several of the men granted feudal baronies by William the Conqueror were of obscure Norman origin who had served conspicuously during the [[Norman Conquest]] and had revealed valuable personal qualities to a king seeking to establish his rule in a conquered land (e.g. [[Turstin FitzRolf]], feudal baron of [[North Cadbury]])}} ta hanyar samun irin wannan matsayi, kuma daga nan gaba suna da wajibai, a kan kira ta hanyar rubutu, don halartar kotun sarki, farkon tsarin Majalisar dokoki da House of Lords. Ta haka ne suka kafa Baronage, wanda daga baya ya zama babban ɓangare na peerage na Ingila. Baronies na feudal na Ingilishi (da duk ƙananan siffofin feudal) an soke su ta hanyar Dokar Abolition na Tenures na 1660, amma sunayen sarauta / daraja sun kasance. Koyaya, tun kafin wannan lokacin an hana kiran sarauta don halartar majalisa daga duka sai dai manyan barons kuma an ba da ita ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan matsayi waɗanda ke da halaye na kansu da suka dace da su zama masu ba da shawara na sarauta kuma ta haka ne takwarorinsu. Wadannan na ƙarshe sun kasance barons ta hanyar rubutu. Barony na feudal na Ingilishi, ko "barony ta wurin zama", yanzu ba shi da wanzuwar doka sai dai a matsayin lakabi ko mutunci mara jiki. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in mallakar ƙasa, wato per baroniam (Latin don "ta hanyar barony") wanda mai mallakar ƙasa ya ci bashin aikin da ba a fahimta ba na "kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin barons na sarki". Dole ne a rarrabe shi daga ƙaramin barony, kuma feudal, wanda ya wanzu a cikin Gundumar Palatine, kamar barony na Halton a cikin Palatinate na Chester.{{Efn|Sanders<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Ivor John |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 |date=1960 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=138 }}</ref> refers to the "Lord" of Halton being the hereditary constable of the County Palatine of Chester, and omits Halton from both his lists}} Irin waɗannan barons sun kasance manyan masu haya ne kawai na yarima, wanda mai mulkinsa shine sarki. Ayyuka da gata da barons na feudal suka ci yanzu ba za a iya bayyana su daidai ba, amma babban aikin tabbas shine samar da sojoji ga sojojin feudal na sarauta bisa ga bukatar sarki. Wani aiki, wanda ya shafi kudi mai yawa da tafiya, a bayyane yake kuma gata, shine halartar kotun sarki, magajin majalisar. Babban fa'idodi a bayyane sun kasance * kudaden shiga da aka samu daga haya da samarwa a cikin ƙasashen demesne na barony; * ikon mutum da daraja da aka samo daga sabis na feudal na masu haya, mafi girman matakin su, iyayengiji na nasu gidaje, sun zama jarumawa a cikin ƙungiyar baron. Ginin da ke cikin ƙasa wanda barony ke riƙewa, idan yana dauke da wani muhimmin gidan sarauta a matsayin babban birni kuma idan ya fi girma, wato ya kunshi fiye da kudaden jarumi 20 (kowane mutum daidai yake da [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|Manor]]), an kira shi "daraja". Manyan mazauna mazauna baroni galibi baron ne ya mamaye su ga jarumansa ko mabiyansa, tare da wasu da aka riƙe ba tare da hayar su ba a matsayin demesne. Yawancin baronies na feudal na Ingila sun canza zuwa baronies of writ ko peerage a karkashin Dokar Abolition na Tenures 1660. Baronies da ba a tuba ba sun zama baronies na kyauta kyauta, lakabi mai daraja. Akwai a yau ƙananan shari'o'i na iyalai na Ingilishi waɗanda, idan ba don Dokar 1660 ba, har yanzu za su kasance barons na zamanin d ̄ a. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine iyalin Berkeley. Kodayake Earldom na Berkeley ya ƙare a cikin 1942 kuma kwanan nan ya rasa tsohuwar taken Baron Berkeley zuwa layin mace, a cikin 2014 har yanzu dangin suna da kuma zama (watau suna riƙe da ''Matsayi'') a matsayin mazaunin gundumar a Berkeley Castle, ''caput'' na barony na Berkeley wanda Sarki Henry II (1154-1189) ya ba da kakan kai tsaye a cikin layin namiji Robert FitzHarding (d.1171), wanda ɗansa ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Berkeley .[3] == Faransa == A karkashin Tsohon Tsarin Mulki har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da tsarin feudal a cikin shekara ta 1789, wani baron na Faransa ya kasance wani mai daraja wanda ke da fief da ake kira barony. Saboda haka, mallaki taken da ƙasar a ka'idar suna da alaƙa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velde |first=François |title=Nobility and Titles in France |url=https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/noblesse.htm |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=Heraldica}}</ref> Duk da haka, manyan mutane ba tare da wani yanki na kansu ba na iya ɗaukar taken baron don kansu. A karkashin mulkin mallaka na [[Napoleon]] da sake farfadowa na Maido da Bourbon, baronies na Faransa sun dawo. Koyaya, waɗannan sabbin baronies sun kasance kawai lakabi ne na daraja kuma ba fiefdoms ba. == Ireland == == Jihohin Paparoma == A cikin Papal States, an san wani barony na feudal a matsayin luogo baronale (jama'a ''luoghi baronali''). Wadannan yankuna ne da cibiyoyin coci ko iyalai masu daraja ke gudanarwa, waɗanda ke da ikon farar hula da shari'a a kan al'ummominsu yayin da suke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar papal. Tare da ƙasashen da aka gudanar kai tsaye, Jihohin Papal sun haɗa da yankuna masu yawa waɗanda abbots, cardinals, princes, da sauran sarakuna masu daraja ke mulki. A farkon karni na 18, ƙasashe masu zaman kansu sun kasance da yawa daga cikin jama'a da yankin jihar. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, dokokin papal sun kara ƙuntata ikon cin gashin kai. Bayan maido da mulkin papal a cikin 1815, an soke ikon mallakar a larduna da yawa kuma an ci gaba da rage su a wasu wurare. Canjin gudanarwa na 1816 ya sake tsara yankin zuwa wakilai a ƙarƙashin wakilan papal, yadda ya kamata ya kawo ƙarshen ikon aiki na barons na feudal. == Scotland == Ya bambanta da kwatankwacin Ingilishi, darajar baron ba matsayi ne na asali ba a cikin Baronage na Scotland kuma an kare shi da "Abolition of Feudal Tenure, da dai sauransu (Scotland) Act 2000" wanda kambi ya amince da shi a matsayin lakabi na daraja tare da matsayin ƙaramin baron. Baron na Scotland shine kawai taken Burtaniya na sarauta wanda za'a iya ware shi bisa doka daga zuriyar mai shi na baya. Saboda haka daidai da Scottish na wani Ingilishi peerage baron ne Ubangiji na Majalisar. Kotun Ubangiji Lyon ce ke jagorantar heraldry na baronies na Scotland. == Duba kuma ==   * Barony (ƙungiya) == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ksno5ydhg3i1p7nk7f6fypettq26d5r 905171 905169 2026-08-20T18:31:48Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 905171 wikitext text/x-wiki Baron feudal wani mai riƙe da gado ne wanda ake kira ''barony'', wanda ya ƙunshi takamaiman yanki na ƙasa, wanda mai iko ya ba shi don dawo da aminci da sabis. Bayan ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Turai, baronies na feudal sun fi maye gurbin baronies da aka gudanar a matsayin matsayi na daraja, ba tare da wani haɗi ga fief ba. == Ingila == A tarihance, barons na feudal na Ingila sune manyan masu haya na sarki, wato mutanen da ke da ƙasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka kai tsaye daga sarki a matsayin mai mulki su kuma ya ba su ikon doka (baron kotun) a kan yankinsu, barony, wanda ya ƙunshi [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|manors]] da yawa. Irin waɗannan maza, idan ba a riga an ɗaukaka su ba, {{Efn|Several of the men granted feudal baronies by William the Conqueror were of obscure Norman origin who had served conspicuously during the [[Norman Conquest]] and had revealed valuable personal qualities to a king seeking to establish his rule in a conquered land (e.g. [[Turstin FitzRolf]], feudal baron of [[North Cadbury]])}} ta hanyar samun irin wannan matsayi, kuma daga nan gaba suna da wajibai, a kan kira ta hanyar rubutu, don halartar kotun sarki, farkon tsarin Majalisar dokoki da House of Lords. Ta haka ne suka kafa Baronage, wanda daga baya ya zama babban ɓangare na peerage na Ingila. Baronies na feudal na Ingilishi (da duk ƙananan siffofin feudal) an soke su ta hanyar Dokar Abolition na Tenures na 1660, amma sunayen sarauta / daraja sun kasance. Koyaya, tun kafin wannan lokacin an hana kiran sarauta don halartar majalisa daga duka sai dai manyan barons kuma an ba da ita ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan matsayi waɗanda ke da halaye na kansu da suka dace da su zama masu ba da shawara na sarauta kuma ta haka ne takwarorinsu. Wadannan na ƙarshe sun kasance barons ta hanyar rubutu. Barony na feudal na Ingilishi, ko "barony ta wurin zama", yanzu ba shi da wanzuwar doka sai dai a matsayin lakabi ko mutunci mara jiki. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in mallakar ƙasa, wato per baroniam (Latin don "ta hanyar barony") wanda mai mallakar ƙasa ya ci bashin aikin da ba a fahimta ba na "kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin barons na sarki". Dole ne a rarrabe shi daga ƙaramin barony, kuma feudal, wanda ya wanzu a cikin Gundumar Palatine, kamar barony na Halton a cikin Palatinate na Chester.{{Efn|Sanders<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Ivor John |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 |date=1960 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=138 }}</ref> refers to the "Lord" of Halton being the hereditary constable of the County Palatine of Chester, and omits Halton from both his lists}} Irin waɗannan barons sun kasance manyan masu haya ne kawai na yarima, wanda mai mulkinsa shine sarki. Ayyuka da gata da barons na feudal suka ci yanzu ba za a iya bayyana su daidai ba, amma babban aikin tabbas shine samar da sojoji ga sojojin feudal na sarauta bisa ga bukatar sarki. Wani aiki, wanda ya shafi kudi mai yawa da tafiya, a bayyane yake kuma gata, shine halartar kotun sarki, magajin majalisar. Babban fa'idodi a bayyane sun kasance * kudaden shiga da aka samu daga haya da samarwa a cikin ƙasashen demesne na barony; * ikon mutum da daraja da aka samo daga sabis na feudal na masu haya, mafi girman matakin su, iyayengiji na nasu gidaje, sun zama jarumawa a cikin ƙungiyar baron. Ginin da ke cikin ƙasa wanda barony ke riƙewa, idan yana dauke da wani muhimmin gidan sarauta a matsayin babban birni kuma idan ya fi girma, wato ya kunshi fiye da kudaden jarumi 20 (kowane mutum daidai yake da [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|Manor]]), an kira shi "daraja". Manyan mazauna mazauna baroni galibi baron ne ya mamaye su ga jarumansa ko mabiyansa, tare da wasu da aka riƙe ba tare da hayar su ba a matsayin demesne. Yawancin baronies na feudal na Ingila sun canza zuwa baronies of writ ko peerage a karkashin Dokar Abolition na Tenures 1660. Baronies da ba a tuba ba sun zama baronies na kyauta kyauta, lakabi mai daraja. Akwai a yau ƙananan shari'o'i na iyalai na Ingilishi waɗanda, idan ba don Dokar 1660 ba, har yanzu za su kasance barons na zamanin d ̄ a. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine iyalin Berkeley. Kodayake Earldom na Berkeley ya ƙare a cikin 1942 kuma kwanan nan ya rasa tsohuwar taken Baron Berkeley zuwa layin mace, a cikin 2014 har yanzu dangin suna da kuma zama (watau suna riƙe da ''Matsayi'') a matsayin mazaunin gundumar a Berkeley Castle, ''caput'' na barony na Berkeley wanda Sarki Henry II (1154-1189) ya ba da kakan kai tsaye a cikin layin namiji Robert FitzHarding (d.1171), wanda ɗansa ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Berkeley .[3] == Faransa == A karkashin Tsohon Tsarin Mulki har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da tsarin feudal a cikin shekara ta 1789, wani baron na Faransa ya kasance wani mai daraja wanda ke da fief da ake kira barony. Saboda haka, mallaki taken da ƙasar a ka'idar suna da alaƙa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velde |first=François |title=Nobility and Titles in France |url=https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/noblesse.htm |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=Heraldica}}</ref> Duk da haka, manyan mutane ba tare da wani yanki na kansu ba na iya ɗaukar taken baron don kansu. A karkashin mulkin mallaka na [[Napoleon]] da sake farfadowa na Maido da Bourbon, baronies na Faransa sun dawo. Koyaya, waɗannan sabbin baronies sun kasance kawai lakabi ne na daraja kuma ba fiefdoms ba. == Ireland == == Jihohin Paparoma == A cikin Papal States, an san wani barony na feudal a matsayin luogo baronale (jama'a ''luoghi baronali''). Wadannan yankuna ne da cibiyoyin coci ko iyalai masu daraja ke gudanarwa, waɗanda ke da ikon farar hula da shari'a a kan al'ummominsu yayin da suke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar papal. Tare da ƙasashen da aka gudanar kai tsaye, Jihohin Papal sun haɗa da yankuna masu yawa waɗanda abbots, cardinals, princes, da sauran sarakuna masu daraja ke mulki. A farkon karni na 18, ƙasashe masu zaman kansu sun kasance da yawa daga cikin jama'a da yankin jihar. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, dokokin papal sun kara ƙuntata ikon cin gashin kai. Bayan maido da mulkin papal a cikin 1815, an soke ikon mallakar a larduna da yawa kuma an ci gaba da rage su a wasu wurare. Canjin gudanarwa na 1816 ya sake tsara yankin zuwa wakilai a ƙarƙashin wakilan papal, yadda ya kamata ya kawo ƙarshen ikon aiki na barons na feudal. == Scotland == Ya bambanta da kwatankwacin Ingilishi, darajar baron ba matsayi ne na asali ba a cikin Baronage na Scotland kuma an kare shi da "Abolition of Feudal Tenure, da dai sauransu (Scotland) Act 2000" wanda kambi ya amince da shi a matsayin lakabi na daraja tare da matsayin ƙaramin baron. Baron na Scotland shine kawai taken Burtaniya na sarauta wanda za'a iya ware shi bisa doka daga zuriyar mai shi na baya. Saboda haka daidai da Scottish na wani Ingilishi peerage baron ne Ubangiji na Majalisar. Kotun Ubangiji Lyon ce ke jagorantar heraldry na baronies na Scotland. == Duba kuma ==   * Barony (ƙungiya) == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1230k15a0hhjbfgio4waa9ojjdxvewd 905172 905171 2026-08-20T18:32:29Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 905172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Baron feudal wani mai riƙe da gado ne wanda ake kira ''barony'', wanda ya ƙunshi takamaiman yanki na ƙasa, wanda mai iko ya ba shi don dawo da aminci da sabis. Bayan ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Turai, baronies na feudal sun fi maye gurbin baronies da aka gudanar a matsayin matsayi na daraja, ba tare da wani haɗi ga fief ba. == Ingila == A tarihance, barons na feudal na Ingila sune manyan masu haya na sarki, wato mutanen da ke da ƙasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka kai tsaye daga sarki a matsayin mai mulki su kuma ya ba su ikon doka (baron kotun) a kan yankinsu, barony, wanda ya ƙunshi [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|manors]] da yawa. Irin waɗannan maza, idan ba a riga an ɗaukaka su ba, {{Efn|Several of the men granted feudal baronies by William the Conqueror were of obscure Norman origin who had served conspicuously during the [[Norman Conquest]] and had revealed valuable personal qualities to a king seeking to establish his rule in a conquered land (e.g. [[Turstin FitzRolf]], feudal baron of [[North Cadbury]])}} ta hanyar samun irin wannan matsayi, kuma daga nan gaba suna da wajibai, a kan kira ta hanyar rubutu, don halartar kotun sarki, farkon tsarin Majalisar dokoki da House of Lords. Ta haka ne suka kafa Baronage, wanda daga baya ya zama babban ɓangare na peerage na Ingila. Baronies na feudal na Ingilishi (da duk ƙananan siffofin feudal) an soke su ta hanyar Dokar Abolition na Tenures na 1660, amma sunayen sarauta / daraja sun kasance. Koyaya, tun kafin wannan lokacin an hana kiran sarauta don halartar majalisa daga duka sai dai manyan barons kuma an ba da ita ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan matsayi waɗanda ke da halaye na kansu da suka dace da su zama masu ba da shawara na sarauta kuma ta haka ne takwarorinsu. Wadannan na ƙarshe sun kasance barons ta hanyar rubutu. Barony na feudal na Ingilishi, ko "barony ta wurin zama", yanzu ba shi da wanzuwar doka sai dai a matsayin lakabi ko mutunci mara jiki. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in mallakar ƙasa, wato per baroniam (Latin don "ta hanyar barony") wanda mai mallakar ƙasa ya ci bashin aikin da ba a fahimta ba na "kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin barons na sarki". Dole ne a rarrabe shi daga ƙaramin barony, kuma feudal, wanda ya wanzu a cikin Gundumar Palatine, kamar barony na Halton a cikin Palatinate na Chester.{{Efn|Sanders<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Ivor John |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 |date=1960 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=138 }}</ref> refers to the "Lord" of Halton being the hereditary constable of the County Palatine of Chester, and omits Halton from both his lists}} Irin waɗannan barons sun kasance manyan masu haya ne kawai na yarima, wanda mai mulkinsa shine sarki. Ayyuka da gata da barons na feudal suka ci yanzu ba za a iya bayyana su daidai ba, amma babban aikin tabbas shine samar da sojoji ga sojojin feudal na sarauta bisa ga bukatar sarki. Wani aiki, wanda ya shafi kudi mai yawa da tafiya, a bayyane yake kuma gata, shine halartar kotun sarki, magajin majalisar. Babban fa'idodi a bayyane sun kasance * kudaden shiga da aka samu daga haya da samarwa a cikin ƙasashen demesne na barony; * ikon mutum da daraja da aka samo daga sabis na feudal na masu haya, mafi girman matakin su, iyayengiji na nasu gidaje, sun zama jarumawa a cikin ƙungiyar baron. Ginin da ke cikin ƙasa wanda barony ke riƙewa, idan yana dauke da wani muhimmin gidan sarauta a matsayin babban birni kuma idan ya fi girma, wato ya kunshi fiye da kudaden jarumi 20 (kowane mutum daidai yake da [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|Manor]]), an kira shi "daraja". Manyan mazauna mazauna baroni galibi baron ne ya mamaye su ga jarumansa ko mabiyansa, tare da wasu da aka riƙe ba tare da hayar su ba a matsayin demesne. Yawancin baronies na feudal na Ingila sun canza zuwa baronies of writ ko peerage a karkashin Dokar Abolition na Tenures 1660. Baronies da ba a tuba ba sun zama baronies na kyauta kyauta, lakabi mai daraja. Akwai a yau ƙananan shari'o'i na iyalai na Ingilishi waɗanda, idan ba don Dokar 1660 ba, har yanzu za su kasance barons na zamanin d ̄ a. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine iyalin Berkeley. Kodayake Earldom na Berkeley ya ƙare a cikin 1942 kuma kwanan nan ya rasa tsohuwar taken Baron Berkeley zuwa layin mace, a cikin 2014 har yanzu dangin suna da kuma zama (watau suna riƙe da ''Matsayi'') a matsayin mazaunin gundumar a Berkeley Castle, ''caput'' na barony na Berkeley wanda Sarki Henry II (1154-1189) ya ba da kakan kai tsaye a cikin layin namiji Robert FitzHarding (d.1171), wanda ɗansa ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Berkeley .[3] == Faransa == A karkashin Tsohon Tsarin Mulki har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da tsarin feudal a cikin shekara ta 1789, wani baron na Faransa ya kasance wani mai daraja wanda ke da fief da ake kira barony. Saboda haka, mallaki taken da ƙasar a ka'idar suna da alaƙa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velde |first=François |title=Nobility and Titles in France |url=https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/noblesse.htm |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=Heraldica}}</ref> Duk da haka, manyan mutane ba tare da wani yanki na kansu ba na iya ɗaukar taken baron don kansu. A karkashin mulkin mallaka na [[Napoleon]] da sake farfadowa na Maido da Bourbon, baronies na Faransa sun dawo. Koyaya, waɗannan sabbin baronies sun kasance kawai lakabi ne na daraja kuma ba fiefdoms ba. == Ireland == == Jihohin Paparoma == A cikin Papal States, an san wani barony na feudal a matsayin luogo baronale (jama'a ''luoghi baronali''). Wadannan yankuna ne da cibiyoyin coci ko iyalai masu daraja ke gudanarwa, waɗanda ke da ikon farar hula da shari'a a kan al'ummominsu yayin da suke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar papal. Tare da ƙasashen da aka gudanar kai tsaye, Jihohin Papal sun haɗa da yankuna masu yawa waɗanda abbots, cardinals, princes, da sauran sarakuna masu daraja ke mulki. A farkon karni na 18, ƙasashe masu zaman kansu sun kasance da yawa daga cikin jama'a da yankin jihar. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, dokokin papal sun kara ƙuntata ikon cin gashin kai. Bayan maido da mulkin papal a cikin 1815, an soke ikon mallakar a larduna da yawa kuma an ci gaba da rage su a wasu wurare. Canjin gudanarwa na 1816 ya sake tsara yankin zuwa wakilai a ƙarƙashin wakilan papal, yadda ya kamata ya kawo ƙarshen ikon aiki na barons na feudal. == Scotland == Ya bambanta da kwatankwacin Ingilishi, darajar baron ba matsayi ne na asali ba a cikin Baronage na Scotland kuma an kare shi da "Abolition of Feudal Tenure, da dai sauransu (Scotland) Act 2000" wanda kambi ya amince da shi a matsayin lakabi na daraja tare da matsayin ƙaramin baron. Baron na Scotland shine kawai taken Burtaniya na sarauta wanda za'a iya ware shi bisa doka daga zuriyar mai shi na baya. Saboda haka daidai da Scottish na wani Ingilishi peerage baron ne Ubangiji na Majalisar. Kotun Ubangiji Lyon ce ke jagorantar heraldry na baronies na Scotland. == Duba kuma ==   * Barony (ƙungiya) == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3kdhav0cbhrhftkp8iekc1mxuhdu1as 905176 905172 2026-08-20T18:34:38Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Ingila */ 905176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Baron feudal wani mai riƙe da gado ne wanda ake kira ''barony'', wanda ya ƙunshi takamaiman yanki na ƙasa, wanda mai iko ya ba shi don dawo da aminci da sabis. Bayan ƙarshen mulkin mallaka na Turai, baronies na feudal sun fi maye gurbin baronies da aka gudanar a matsayin matsayi na daraja, ba tare da wani haɗi ga fief ba. == Ingila == A tarihance, barons na feudal na Ingila sune manyan masu haya na sarki, wato mutanen da ke da ƙasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka kai tsaye daga sarki a matsayin mai mulki su kuma ya ba su ikon doka (baron kotun) a kan yankinsu, barony, wanda ya ƙunshi [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|manors]] da yawa. Irin waɗannan maza, idan ba a riga an ɗaukaka su ba, {{Efn|Several of the men granted feudal baronies by William the Conqueror were of obscure Norman origin who had served conspicuously during the [[Norman Conquest]] and had revealed valuable personal qualities to a king seeking to establish his rule in a conquered land (e.g. [[Turstin FitzRolf]], feudal baron of [[North Cadbury]])}} ta hanyar samun irin wannan matsayi, kuma daga nan gaba suna da wajibai, a kan kira ta hanyar rubutu, don halartar kotun sarki, farkon tsarin Majalisar dokoki da House of Lords. Ta haka ne suka kafa Baronage, wanda daga baya ya zama babban ɓangare na peerage na Ingila. Baronies na feudal na Ingilishi (da duk ƙananan siffofin feudal) an soke su ta hanyar Dokar Abolition na Tenures na 1660, amma sunayen sarauta / daraja sun kasance. Koyaya, tun kafin wannan lokacin an hana kiran sarauta don halartar majalisa daga duka sai dai manyan barons kuma an ba da ita ga mutanen da ke da ƙananan matsayi waɗanda ke da halaye na kansu da suka dace da su zama masu ba da shawara na sarauta kuma ta haka ne takwarorinsu. Wadannan na ƙarshe sun kasance barons ta hanyar rubutu. Barony na feudal na Ingilishi, ko "barony ta wurin zama", yanzu ba shi da wanzuwar doka sai dai a matsayin lakabi ko mutunci mara jiki. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in mallakar ƙasa, wato per baroniam (Latin don "ta hanyar barony") wanda mai mallakar ƙasa ya ci bashin aikin da ba a fahimta ba na "kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin barons na sarki". Dole ne a rarrabe shi daga ƙaramin barony, kuma feudal, wanda ya wanzu a cikin Gundumar Palatine, kamar barony na Halton a cikin Palatinate na Chester.{{Efn|Sanders<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Ivor John |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086-1327 |date=1960 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=138 }}</ref> refers to the "Lord" of Halton being the hereditary constable of the County Palatine of Chester, and omits Halton from both his lists}} Irin waɗannan barons sun kasance manyan masu haya ne kawai na yarima, wanda mai mulkinsa shine sarki. Ayyuka da gata da barons na feudal suka ci yanzu ba za a iya bayyana su daidai ba, amma babban aikin tabbas shine samar da sojoji ga sojojin feudal na sarauta bisa ga bukatar sarki. Wani aiki, wanda ya shafi kudi mai yawa da tafiya, a bayyane yake kuma gata, shine halartar kotun sarki, magajin majalisar. Babban fa'idodi a bayyane sun kasance * kudaden shiga da aka samu daga haya da samarwa a cikin ƙasashen demesne na barony; * ikon mutum da daraja da aka samo daga sabis na feudal na masu haya, mafi girman matakin su, iyayengiji na nasu gidaje, sun zama jarumawa a cikin ƙungiyar baron. Ginin da ke cikin ƙasa wanda barony ke riƙewa, idan yana dauke da wani muhimmin gidan sarauta a matsayin babban birni kuma idan ya fi girma, wato ya kunshi fiye da kudaden jarumi 20 (kowane mutum daidai yake da [[Haƙƙin Mallakar filaye|Manor]]), an kira shi "daraja". Manyan mazauna mazauna baroni galibi baron ne ya mamaye su ga jarumansa ko mabiyansa, tare da wasu da aka riƙe ba tare da hayar su ba a matsayin demesne. Yawancin baronies na feudal na Ingila sun canza zuwa baronies of writ ko peerage a karkashin Dokar Abolition na Tenures 1660. Baronies da ba a tuba ba sun zama baronies na kyauta kyauta, lakabi mai daraja. Akwai a yau ƙananan shari'o'i na iyalai na Ingilishi waɗanda, idan ba don Dokar 1660 ba, har yanzu za su kasance barons na zamanin d ̄ a. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shine iyalin Berkeley. Kodayake Earldom na Berkeley ya ƙare a cikin 1942 kuma kwanan nan ya rasa tsohuwar taken Baron Berkeley zuwa layin mace, a cikin 2014 har yanzu dangin suna da kuma zama (watau suna riƙe da ''Matsayi'') a matsayin mazaunin gundumar a Berkeley Castle, ''caput'' na barony na Berkeley wanda Sarki Henry II (1154-1189) ya ba da kakan kai tsaye a cikin layin namiji Robert FitzHarding (d.1171), wanda ɗansa ya ɗauki sunan mahaifiyar Berkeley .{{sfnp|Sanders|1960|p=13}} == Faransa == A karkashin Tsohon Tsarin Mulki har zuwa lokacin da aka kawar da tsarin feudal a cikin shekara ta 1789, wani baron na Faransa ya kasance wani mai daraja wanda ke da fief da ake kira barony. Saboda haka, mallaki taken da ƙasar a ka'idar suna da alaƙa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Velde |first=François |title=Nobility and Titles in France |url=https://www.heraldica.org/topics/france/noblesse.htm |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=Heraldica}}</ref> Duk da haka, manyan mutane ba tare da wani yanki na kansu ba na iya ɗaukar taken baron don kansu. A karkashin mulkin mallaka na [[Napoleon]] da sake farfadowa na Maido da Bourbon, baronies na Faransa sun dawo. Koyaya, waɗannan sabbin baronies sun kasance kawai lakabi ne na daraja kuma ba fiefdoms ba. == Ireland == == Jihohin Paparoma == A cikin Papal States, an san wani barony na feudal a matsayin luogo baronale (jama'a ''luoghi baronali''). Wadannan yankuna ne da cibiyoyin coci ko iyalai masu daraja ke gudanarwa, waɗanda ke da ikon farar hula da shari'a a kan al'ummominsu yayin da suke ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar papal. Tare da ƙasashen da aka gudanar kai tsaye, Jihohin Papal sun haɗa da yankuna masu yawa waɗanda abbots, cardinals, princes, da sauran sarakuna masu daraja ke mulki. A farkon karni na 18, ƙasashe masu zaman kansu sun kasance da yawa daga cikin jama'a da yankin jihar. A tsawon lokaci, duk da haka, dokokin papal sun kara ƙuntata ikon cin gashin kai. Bayan maido da mulkin papal a cikin 1815, an soke ikon mallakar a larduna da yawa kuma an ci gaba da rage su a wasu wurare. Canjin gudanarwa na 1816 ya sake tsara yankin zuwa wakilai a ƙarƙashin wakilan papal, yadda ya kamata ya kawo ƙarshen ikon aiki na barons na feudal. == Scotland == Ya bambanta da kwatankwacin Ingilishi, darajar baron ba matsayi ne na asali ba a cikin Baronage na Scotland kuma an kare shi da "Abolition of Feudal Tenure, da dai sauransu (Scotland) Act 2000" wanda kambi ya amince da shi a matsayin lakabi na daraja tare da matsayin ƙaramin baron. Baron na Scotland shine kawai taken Burtaniya na sarauta wanda za'a iya ware shi bisa doka daga zuriyar mai shi na baya. Saboda haka daidai da Scottish na wani Ingilishi peerage baron ne Ubangiji na Majalisar. Kotun Ubangiji Lyon ce ke jagorantar heraldry na baronies na Scotland. == Duba kuma ==   * Barony (ƙungiya) == Bayanai == {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m6f95r6l0h90rna71jv4u71ua4fbq3m 0 164953 905173 2026-08-20T18:32:57Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344081322|Jenny Hoppe]]" 905173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:4_rue_de_la_Reforme_(2711529374).jpg|thumb|Hervormingsstraat 4]] '''Jenny Hoppe''' (1870-1924) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus-Belgian wanda ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni, swastikas, da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hoppe a [[Düsseldorf]], 'yar mai zane da kuma lambar yabo Edouard Hoppe da' yar'uwar mai zane Cathérine Hoppe (Ketty Hoppe), wacce ta auri mai zane Victor Gilsoul . A shekara ta 1887 Jenny Hoppe ta auri mai zane Géo Bernier kuma saboda haka ana samun aikinta a wasu lokuta a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jenny Bernier-Hoppe". Dukkanin 'yan'uwa mata sun sami horo na fasaha a Institut Bischoffsheim a Brussels, wanda ya shigar da mata, ba kamar Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts ba.Hoppe ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. Ta shiga cikin Salons na Brussels daga 1890. Ta kuma nuna a Antwerp a shekara ta 1898. Géo Bernier da Jenny Hoppe sun zauna a Hervormingsstraat 4 a Ixelles, a cikin gidan da Alban Chambon ya tsara. An kare ginin tun shekara ta 1997. [[Fayil:Jenny_Hoppe_-_Kippenfamilie_II.JPG|thumb|''Daga kippenfamilia'']] Ita ce mahaifiyar wani magajin gari na Saint-Gilles, Fernand Bernier . A cikin 2007 Gidan Tarihi na Charlier ya nuna aikinta a cikin baje kolin "Vrouwelijke Zinnen". == Manazarta == c1jbpp64u45dctv6y1zprgfyjfbktsp 905174 905173 2026-08-20T18:33:26Z Nnamadee 31123 905174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:4_rue_de_la_Reforme_(2711529374).jpg|thumb|Hervormingsstraat 4]] '''Jenny Hoppe''' (1870-1924) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus-Belgian wanda ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni, swastikas, da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hoppe a [[Düsseldorf]], 'yar mai zane da kuma lambar yabo Edouard Hoppe da' yar'uwar mai zane Cathérine Hoppe (Ketty Hoppe), wacce ta auri mai zane Victor Gilsoul . A shekara ta 1887 Jenny Hoppe ta auri mai zane Géo Bernier kuma saboda haka ana samun aikinta a wasu lokuta a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jenny Bernier-Hoppe". Dukkanin 'yan'uwa mata sun sami horo na fasaha a Institut Bischoffsheim a Brussels, wanda ya shigar da mata, ba kamar Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts ba.Hoppe ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. Ta shiga cikin Salons na Brussels daga 1890. Ta kuma nuna a Antwerp a shekara ta 1898. Géo Bernier da Jenny Hoppe sun zauna a Hervormingsstraat 4 a Ixelles, a cikin gidan da Alban Chambon ya tsara. An kare ginin tun shekara ta 1997. [[Fayil:Jenny_Hoppe_-_Kippenfamilie_II.JPG|thumb|''Daga kippenfamilia'']] Ita ce mahaifiyar wani magajin gari na Saint-Gilles, Fernand Bernier. A cikin 2007 Gidan Tarihi na Charlier ya nuna aikinta a cikin baje kolin "Vrouwelijke Zinnen". == Manazarta == ez44ymjf4ykctaessaqh79ohabgiy2d 905175 905174 2026-08-20T18:34:17Z Nnamadee 31123 905175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:4_rue_de_la_Reforme_(2711529374).jpg|thumb|Hervormingsstraat 4]] '''Jenny Hoppe''' (1870-1924) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus-Belgian wanda ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni, swastikas, da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hoppe a [[Düsseldorf]], 'yar mai zane da kuma lambar yabo Edouard Hoppe da' yar'uwar mai zane Cathérine Hoppe (Ketty Hoppe), wacce ta auri mai zane Victor Gilsoul . A shekara ta 1887 Jenny Hoppe ta auri mai zane Géo Bernier kuma saboda haka ana samun aikinta a wasu lokuta a ƙarƙashin sunan "Jenny Bernier-Hoppe". Dukkanin 'yan'uwa mata sun sami horo na fasaha a Institut Bischoffsheim a Brussels, wanda ya shigar da mata, ba kamar Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts ba.Hoppe ya zana hotuna, shimfidar wurare, ciki, furanni da har yanzu rayuwa a cikin salon Post-Impressionistic. Ta shiga cikin Salons na Brussels daga 1890. Ta kuma nuna a Antwerp a shekara ta 1898. Géo Bernier da Jenny Hoppe sun zauna a Hervormingsstraat 4 a Ixelles, a cikin gidan da Alban Chambon ya tsara. An kare ginin tun shekara ta 1997.<ref>cf. their tomb, pictures taken on May 28, 2022, for Geneanet</ref> [[Fayil:Jenny_Hoppe_-_Kippenfamilie_II.JPG|thumb|''Daga kippenfamilia'']] Ita ce mahaifiyar wani magajin gari na Saint-Gilles, Fernand Bernier. A cikin 2007 Gidan Tarihi na Charlier ya nuna aikinta a cikin baje kolin "Vrouwelijke Zinnen". == Manazarta == ij6azo4ee6l48d1pk5179lqqs0co7ec 0 164954 905177 2026-08-20T18:36:31Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352664043|Louise Seidler]]" 905177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Seidler''' (15 ga Mayu 1786, [[Jena]] - 7 ga Oktoba 1866, Weimar) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane a kotun manyan sarakunan Weimar, mai kula da tarin fasahar su kuma amintaccen aboki na mawaki [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] da mai zane Georg Friedrich Kersting. [[Fayil:LuiseSeidler.jpg|thumb|Hoton kansa na Louise Seidler]] == Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Louise Seidler a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1786 ga wani masanin kimiyya a jami'ar Jena. Ta yi ƙuruciyarta tare da kakarta (wanda ta koyi kiɗa da zane) sannan a mutuwar kakarta matar likita Stieler a Gotha ta karbe ta. Ƙaunarta ga fasaha ta samo asali ne kawai a ƙarƙashin mai zane-zane Friedrich Wilhelm Eugen Döll, wanda ya koma Gotha bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya a Roma. === Komawa Jena === A Jena, ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, kusa da gidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] a Schloss na Jena, ta san shi tun tana ƙarama. A Jena, ta kuma zama abokai da Silvie von Ziegesar da Pauline Gotter, matar Farfesan Jena Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling daga baya. Louise Seidler ya sami cikakkiyar yarda ga ƙungiyoyi masu hankali a cikin birni, wanda ya haɗa da Friedrich Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 'yan'uwan Alexander da [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]], 'yan'uwan Friedrich da August Wilhelm Schlegelck, Friedrich Chelen, Friedi Chenlie, Friedi Chenlie, [[Therese Emilie Henriette Winkel|Friedi Chenlie . Henriette Winkel]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winckel, Therese aus dem - Sophie Drinker Institut |url=https://www.sophie-drinker-institut.de/winckel-therese-aus-dem |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=www.sophie-drinker-institut.de}}</ref> Voß, Paulus, Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, Zacharias Werner da sauransu. Goethe ta haɗu da ita ne a gidan mawallafin Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann, kuma ta fara sha'awarta sosai. === Aure === A ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1806 Faransanci sun ci nasara a yaƙin Jena kuma a cikin 1806 da 1807 sun mamaye Jena, suna fallasa mazaunanta ga kwashewar sojoji da ganima. A wannan lokacin Louise ta ƙaunaci kuma ta auri likita Geoffroy, a cikin rundunar Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte . A kan umarni da aka karɓa kafin bikin aurensa an tura shi Spain, inda ba da daɗewa ba ya mutu daga zazzabi a asibitin soja. Iyayenta sai suka aika da gwauruwar Louise zuwa [[Dresden]] don karkatar da ita daga makoki da kuma yada tunanin ta. === Hotuna === * Duke Augustus da iyalinsa, 1811 * Goethe, shekara ta 1811 * Wilhelmine Herzlieb <gallery widths="150" class="center"> Fayil:Louise_Seidler_-_J._W._Goethe_1811.jpg| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (1811) Fayil:MinchenHerzlieb1.jpg|Wilhelmine Herzlieb Fayil:Karl_Alexander,_Grand_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg|Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Fayil:Louise_Seidler_-_Ruhe_auf_der_Flucht.jpg|Resting During the<br /> Flight into Egypt </gallery> == Manazarta == o9um750t23e8eh6gqq0iacxujfbjgex 905178 905177 2026-08-20T18:36:56Z Nnamadee 31123 905178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Louise Seidler''' (15 ga Mayu 1786, [[Jena]] - 7 ga Oktoba 1866, Weimar) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane a kotun manyan sarakunan Weimar, mai kula da tarin fasahar su kuma amintaccen aboki na mawaki [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] da mai zane Georg Friedrich Kersting. [[Fayil:LuiseSeidler.jpg|thumb|Hoton kansa na Louise Seidler]] == Rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko === An haifi Louise Seidler a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1786 ga wani masanin kimiyya a jami'ar Jena. Ta yi ƙuruciyarta tare da kakarta (wanda ta koyi kiɗa da zane) sannan a mutuwar kakarta matar likita Stieler a Gotha ta karbe ta. Ƙaunarta ga fasaha ta samo asali ne kawai a ƙarƙashin mai zane-zane Friedrich Wilhelm Eugen Döll, wanda ya koma Gotha bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya a Roma. === Komawa Jena === A Jena, ta zauna a gidan mahaifinta, kusa da gidan [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]] a Schloss na Jena, ta san shi tun tana ƙarama. A Jena, ta kuma zama abokai da Silvie von Ziegesar da Pauline Gotter, matar Farfesan Jena Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling daga baya. Louise Seidler ya sami cikakkiyar yarda ga ƙungiyoyi masu hankali a cikin birni, wanda ya haɗa da Friedrich Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, 'yan'uwan Alexander da [[Wilhelm von Humboldt]], 'yan'uwan Friedrich da August Wilhelm Schlegelck, Friedrich Chelen, Friedi Chenlie, Friedi Chenlie, [[Therese Emilie Henriette Winkel|Friedi Chenlie . Henriette Winkel]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winckel, Therese aus dem - Sophie Drinker Institut |url=https://www.sophie-drinker-institut.de/winckel-therese-aus-dem |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=www.sophie-drinker-institut.de}}</ref> Voß, Paulus, Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer, Zacharias Werner da sauransu. Goethe ta haɗu da ita ne a gidan mawallafin Carl Friedrich Ernst Frommann, kuma ta fara sha'awarta sosai. === Aure === A ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1806 Faransanci sun ci nasara a yaƙin Jena kuma a cikin 1806 da 1807 sun mamaye Jena, suna fallasa mazaunanta ga kwashewar sojoji da ganima. A wannan lokacin Louise ta ƙaunaci kuma ta auri likita Geoffroy, a cikin rundunar Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte . A kan umarni da aka karɓa kafin bikin aurensa an tura shi Spain, inda ba da daɗewa ba ya mutu daga zazzabi a asibitin soja. Iyayenta sai suka aika da gwauruwar Louise zuwa [[Dresden]] don karkatar da ita daga makoki da kuma yada tunanin ta. === Hotuna === * Duke Augustus da iyalinsa, 1811 * Goethe, shekara ta 1811 * Wilhelmine Herzlieb <gallery widths="150" class="center"> Fayil:Louise_Seidler_-_J._W._Goethe_1811.jpg| [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] (1811) Fayil:MinchenHerzlieb1.jpg|Wilhelmine Herzlieb Fayil:Karl_Alexander,_Grand_Duke_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.jpg|Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach Fayil:Louise_Seidler_-_Ruhe_auf_der_Flucht.jpg|Resting During the<br /> Flight into Egypt </gallery> == Manazarta == m0qt9o1y6cfbmlbgr8ebnzvzjvrvvu5 0 164955 905180 2026-08-20T18:39:09Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345282134|Ludovike Simanowiz]]" 905180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ludovike_Simanowiz_-_Selbstbildnis_mit_wehendem_Haar.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Hoton kansa tare da gashi mai laushi (1791) ]] '''Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike Simanowiz''' (née '''Reichenbach'''; Fabrairu 21, 1759, Schorndorf - Satumba 3, 1827, Ludwigsburg) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus a cikin salon gargajiya . == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifinta ya kasance soja ne kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar likitan magani ce. An haife ta ne a barikin inda mahaifinta ke aiki. A shekara ta 1762, iyalinta suka koma Ludwigsburg, inda ta girma tare da Friedrich Schiller da 'yan uwansa mata. [[Christophine Reinwald|Christophine]], wacce ita ce ta farko da ta gane baiwar Friedrich, ta zama abokiyar rayuwarta. Iyalinta sun yaba da kwarewarta ta fasaha kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su inganta aikinta. Kwalejin Ducal a Ludwigsburg da Hohe Karlsschule a Stuttgart ba za su yarda da mata ba amma, a cikin 1776, farfesa a Karlsschule, Nicolas Guibal, ya amince da ba ta darussan sirri. [[Fayil:Friedrich_Schiller_by_Ludovike_Simanowiz.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Hoton Friedrich Schiller]] A shekara ta 1787, tare da tallafin kudi na Duke Carl Eugen da uwargidansa, Franziska von Hohenheim, ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Paris kuma ta yi karatu tare da ɗan ƙaramin, Antoine Vestier . Ta kasance kusan shekaru biyu, sannan ta sami kwamiti don zana hotuna ga Duke Friedrich Eugen, ɗan'uwan Carl, a Mömpelgard (yanzu Montbéliard). Wadannan hotuna ba a kammala su ba, duk da haka, yayin da ta koma Stuttgart a 1789 don auren Lieutenant Franz Simanowiz, tsohon abokin aji na Schiller, wanda ya kasance ango tun 1786. <ref name="A" /> Wasiƙunta daga wannan lokacin sun nuna cewa ta rasa Paris kuma, duk da yanayin da ba a daidaita ba wanda ya taso daga Juyin Juya Halin, ta yi amfani da damar dawowa lokacin da aka kira mijinta zuwa tura sojoji. Da zarar ta kasance a can, ta sami damar zama tare da tsohuwar aboki daga Stuttgart, mawaƙan opera, Helena Balletti, wanda tun daga lokacin ya auri marquis. A shekara ta 1792, yanayinta ya zama mai haɗari lokacin da masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka suka nemi masu masaukin ta kuma suka tilasta musu guduwa zuwa gidan marquis a Spain. Simanowiz ya kasance a baya, an yi masa tambayoyi, kuma an hana shi fasfo don komawa gida. A farkon shekara ta 1793, abokiyarta ta taimaka mata ta tsere zuwa Normandy inda aka ba ta fasfo. Lokacin da ta isa [[Strasbourg]], ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ta kwashe makonni shida a gado, abokai ne ke kula da ita. [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Hoton Charlotte Schiller]] Lokacin da ta dawo Ludwigsburg, ta fara ne ta hanyar zana hotuna na iyalin Schiller. An yi hotunan Friedrich da matarsa [[Charlotte von Lengefeld|Charlotte]] yayin da yake ciyar da wani lokaci a gida don yin aiki a ''Wallenstein''. A shekara ta 1798 an tura mijinta, yanzu kyaftin, zuwa Stuttgart kuma ta bi shi a can. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kamu da bugun jini wanda ya gurgunta ƙafafunsa. Za ta zama mai kula da shi na shekaru ashirin da takwas masu zuwa. A cikin 1812, sun koma Ludwigsburg. Babban ɗan'uwanta, Friedrich, fasto ne a kusa da Erdmannhausen kuma galibi suna halartar tarurrukan siyasa a can don nuna hadin kai ga waɗanda ke yaƙi da Napoleon. Franz ta mutu a watan Yunin 1827 kuma ta biyo baya bayan 'yan watanni. Ta kammala kusan hotuna 100 (babu wanda aka sanya hannu), mafi yawansu suna cikin tarin masu zaman kansu. Akwai abin tunawa da ita a Gidan Tarihi na Schorndorf . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sanannen masanin kimiyya ne, Carl Reichenbach . == Manazarta == 63uhotn5s3wxp188qsovedipbwr67f0 905181 905180 2026-08-20T18:39:30Z Nnamadee 31123 905181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ludovike_Simanowiz_-_Selbstbildnis_mit_wehendem_Haar.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Hoton kansa tare da gashi mai laushi (1791) ]] '''Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike Simanowiz''' (née '''Reichenbach'''; Fabrairu 21, 1759, Schorndorf - Satumba 3, 1827, Ludwigsburg) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus a cikin salon gargajiya . == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifinta ya kasance soja ne kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar likitan magani ce. An haife ta ne a barikin inda mahaifinta ke aiki. A shekara ta 1762, iyalinta suka koma Ludwigsburg, inda ta girma tare da Friedrich Schiller da 'yan uwansa mata. [[Christophine Reinwald|Christophine]], wacce ita ce ta farko da ta gane baiwar Friedrich, ta zama abokiyar rayuwarta. Iyalinta sun yaba da kwarewarta ta fasaha kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su inganta aikinta. Kwalejin Ducal a Ludwigsburg da Hohe Karlsschule a Stuttgart ba za su yarda da mata ba amma, a cikin 1776, farfesa a Karlsschule, Nicolas Guibal, ya amince da ba ta darussan sirri. [[Fayil:Friedrich_Schiller_by_Ludovike_Simanowiz.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Hoton Friedrich Schiller]] A shekara ta 1787, tare da tallafin kudi na Duke Carl Eugen da uwargidansa, Franziska von Hohenheim, ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Paris kuma ta yi karatu tare da ɗan ƙaramin, Antoine Vestier . Ta kasance kusan shekaru biyu, sannan ta sami kwamiti don zana hotuna ga Duke Friedrich Eugen, ɗan'uwan Carl, a Mömpelgard (yanzu Montbéliard). Wadannan hotuna ba a kammala su ba, duk da haka, yayin da ta koma Stuttgart a 1789 don auren Lieutenant Franz Simanowiz, tsohon abokin aji na Schiller, wanda ya kasance ango tun 1786. <ref name="A" /> Wasiƙunta daga wannan lokacin sun nuna cewa ta rasa Paris kuma, duk da yanayin da ba a daidaita ba wanda ya taso daga Juyin Juya Halin, ta yi amfani da damar dawowa lokacin da aka kira mijinta zuwa tura sojoji. Da zarar ta kasance a can, ta sami damar zama tare da tsohuwar aboki daga Stuttgart, mawaƙan opera, Helena Balletti, wanda tun daga lokacin ya auri marquis. A shekara ta 1792, yanayinta ya zama mai haɗari lokacin da masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka suka nemi masu masaukin ta kuma suka tilasta musu guduwa zuwa gidan marquis a Spain. Simanowiz ya kasance a baya, an yi masa tambayoyi, kuma an hana shi fasfo don komawa gida. A farkon shekara ta 1793, abokiyarta ta taimaka mata ta tsere zuwa Normandy inda aka ba ta fasfo. Lokacin da ta isa [[Strasbourg]], ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ta kwashe makonni shida a gado, abokai ne ke kula da ita. [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Hoton Charlotte Schiller]] Lokacin da ta dawo Ludwigsburg, ta fara ne ta hanyar zana hotuna na iyalin Schiller. An yi hotunan Friedrich da matarsa [[Charlotte von Lengefeld|Charlotte]] yayin da yake ciyar da wani lokaci a gida don yin aiki a ''Wallenstein''. A shekara ta 1798 an tura mijinta, yanzu kyaftin, zuwa Stuttgart kuma ta bi shi a can. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kamu da bugun jini wanda ya gurgunta ƙafafunsa. Za ta zama mai kula da shi na shekaru ashirin da takwas masu zuwa. A cikin 1812, sun koma Ludwigsburg. Babban ɗan'uwanta, Friedrich, fasto ne a kusa da Erdmannhausen kuma galibi suna halartar tarurrukan siyasa a can don nuna hadin kai ga waɗanda ke yaƙi da Napoleon. Franz ta mutu a watan Yunin 1827 kuma ta biyo baya bayan 'yan watanni. Ta kammala kusan hotuna 100 (babu wanda aka sanya hannu), mafi yawansu suna cikin tarin masu zaman kansu. Akwai abin tunawa da ita a Gidan Tarihi na Schorndorf . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sanannen masanin kimiyya ne, Carl Reichenbach . == Manazarta == 59wg299vi9cgu4yrmwg4z18kaqje56m 905182 905181 2026-08-20T18:40:47Z Nnamadee 31123 905182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ludovike_Simanowiz_-_Selbstbildnis_mit_wehendem_Haar.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Hoton kansa tare da gashi mai laushi (1791) ]] '''Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike Simanowiz''' (née '''Reichenbach'''; Fabrairu 21, 1759, Schorndorf - Satumba 3, 1827, Ludwigsburg) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus a cikin salon gargajiya . == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifinta ya kasance soja ne kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar likitan magani ce. An haife ta ne a barikin inda mahaifinta ke aiki. A shekara ta 1762, iyalinta suka koma Ludwigsburg, inda ta girma tare da Friedrich Schiller da 'yan uwansa mata. [[Christophine Reinwald|Christophine]], wacce ita ce ta farko da ta gane baiwar Friedrich, ta zama abokiyar rayuwarta. Iyalinta sun yaba da kwarewarta ta fasaha kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su inganta aikinta. Kwalejin Ducal a Ludwigsburg da Hohe Karlsschule a Stuttgart ba za su yarda da mata ba amma, a cikin 1776, farfesa a Karlsschule, Nicolas Guibal, ya amince da ba ta darussan sirri. [[Fayil:Friedrich_Schiller_by_Ludovike_Simanowiz.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Hoton Friedrich Schiller]] A shekara ta 1787, tare da tallafin kudi na Duke Carl Eugen da uwargidansa, Franziska von Hohenheim, ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Paris kuma ta yi karatu tare da ɗan ƙaramin, Antoine Vestier . Ta kasance kusan shekaru biyu, sannan ta sami kwamiti don zana hotuna ga Duke Friedrich Eugen, ɗan'uwan Carl, a Mömpelgard (yanzu Montbéliard). Wadannan hotuna ba a kammala su ba, duk da haka, yayin da ta koma Stuttgart a 1789 don auren Lieutenant Franz Simanowiz, tsohon abokin aji na Schiller, wanda ya kasance ango tun 1786.<ref>Wintterlin (1892). "Simanowiz, Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike" . Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 34. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 344–346.</ref> Wasiƙunta daga wannan lokacin sun nuna cewa ta rasa Paris kuma, duk da yanayin da ba a daidaita ba wanda ya taso daga Juyin Juya Halin, ta yi amfani da damar dawowa lokacin da aka kira mijinta zuwa tura sojoji. Da zarar ta kasance a can, ta sami damar zama tare da tsohuwar aboki daga Stuttgart, mawaƙan opera, Helena Balletti, wanda tun daga lokacin ya auri marquis. A shekara ta 1792, yanayinta ya zama mai haɗari lokacin da masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka suka nemi masu masaukin ta kuma suka tilasta musu guduwa zuwa gidan marquis a Spain. Simanowiz ya kasance a baya, an yi masa tambayoyi, kuma an hana shi fasfo don komawa gida. A farkon shekara ta 1793, abokiyarta ta taimaka mata ta tsere zuwa Normandy inda aka ba ta fasfo. Lokacin da ta isa [[Strasbourg]], ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ta kwashe makonni shida a gado, abokai ne ke kula da ita. [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Hoton Charlotte Schiller]] Lokacin da ta dawo Ludwigsburg, ta fara ne ta hanyar zana hotuna na iyalin Schiller. An yi hotunan Friedrich da matarsa [[Charlotte von Lengefeld|Charlotte]] yayin da yake ciyar da wani lokaci a gida don yin aiki a ''Wallenstein''. A shekara ta 1798 an tura mijinta, yanzu kyaftin, zuwa Stuttgart kuma ta bi shi a can. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kamu da bugun jini wanda ya gurgunta ƙafafunsa. Za ta zama mai kula da shi na shekaru ashirin da takwas masu zuwa. A cikin 1812, sun koma Ludwigsburg. Babban ɗan'uwanta, Friedrich, fasto ne a kusa da Erdmannhausen kuma galibi suna halartar tarurrukan siyasa a can don nuna hadin kai ga waɗanda ke yaƙi da Napoleon. Franz ta mutu a watan Yunin 1827 kuma ta biyo baya bayan 'yan watanni. Ta kammala kusan hotuna 100 (babu wanda aka sanya hannu), mafi yawansu suna cikin tarin masu zaman kansu. Akwai abin tunawa da ita a Gidan Tarihi na Schorndorf . Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sanannen masanin kimiyya ne, Carl Reichenbach . == Manazarta == 2l8vwzdywjpnmj7870n23lws7byy1e7 905183 905182 2026-08-20T18:41:36Z Nnamadee 31123 905183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Ludovike_Simanowiz_-_Selbstbildnis_mit_wehendem_Haar.jpg|thumb|274x274px|Hoton kansa tare da gashi mai laushi (1791) ]] '''Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike Simanowiz''' (née '''Reichenbach'''; Fabrairu 21, 1759, Schorndorf - Satumba 3, 1827, Ludwigsburg) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus a cikin salon gargajiya . == Tarihin rayuwa == Mahaifinta ya kasance soja ne kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar likitan magani ce. An haife ta ne a barikin inda mahaifinta ke aiki. A shekara ta 1762, iyalinta suka koma Ludwigsburg, inda ta girma tare da Friedrich Schiller da 'yan uwansa mata. [[Christophine Reinwald|Christophine]], wacce ita ce ta farko da ta gane baiwar Friedrich, ta zama abokiyar rayuwarta. Iyalinta sun yaba da kwarewarta ta fasaha kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su inganta aikinta. Kwalejin Ducal a Ludwigsburg da Hohe Karlsschule a Stuttgart ba za su yarda da mata ba amma, a cikin 1776, farfesa a Karlsschule, Nicolas Guibal, ya amince da ba ta darussan sirri. [[Fayil:Friedrich_Schiller_by_Ludovike_Simanowiz.jpg|left|thumb|273x273px|Hoton Friedrich Schiller]] A shekara ta 1787, tare da tallafin kudi na Duke Carl Eugen da uwargidansa, Franziska von Hohenheim, ta sami damar tafiya zuwa Paris kuma ta yi karatu tare da ɗan ƙaramin, Antoine Vestier . Ta kasance kusan shekaru biyu, sannan ta sami kwamiti don zana hotuna ga Duke Friedrich Eugen, ɗan'uwan Carl, a Mömpelgard (yanzu Montbéliard). Wadannan hotuna ba a kammala su ba, duk da haka, yayin da ta koma Stuttgart a 1789 don auren Lieutenant Franz Simanowiz, tsohon abokin aji na Schiller, wanda ya kasance ango tun 1786.<ref>Wintterlin (1892). "Simanowiz, Kunigunde Sophie Ludovike" . Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 34. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 344–346.</ref> Wasiƙunta daga wannan lokacin sun nuna cewa ta rasa Paris kuma, duk da yanayin da ba a daidaita ba wanda ya taso daga Juyin Juya Halin, ta yi amfani da damar dawowa lokacin da aka kira mijinta zuwa tura sojoji. Da zarar ta kasance a can, ta sami damar zama tare da tsohuwar aboki daga Stuttgart, mawaƙan opera, Helena Balletti, wanda tun daga lokacin ya auri marquis. A shekara ta 1792, yanayinta ya zama mai haɗari lokacin da masu goyon bayan mulkin mallaka suka nemi masu masaukin ta kuma suka tilasta musu guduwa zuwa gidan marquis a Spain. Simanowiz ya kasance a baya, an yi masa tambayoyi, kuma an hana shi fasfo don komawa gida. A farkon shekara ta 1793, abokiyarta ta taimaka mata ta tsere zuwa Normandy inda aka ba ta fasfo. Lokacin da ta isa [[Strasbourg]], ta yi rashin lafiya sosai kuma ta kwashe makonni shida a gado, abokai ne ke kula da ita. [[Fayil:Charlotte_von_Lengefeld_-_Simanowiz.jpg|thumb|268x268px|Hoton Charlotte Schiller]] Lokacin da ta dawo Ludwigsburg, ta fara ne ta hanyar zana hotuna na iyalin Schiller. An yi hotunan Friedrich da matarsa [[Charlotte von Lengefeld|Charlotte]] yayin da yake ciyar da wani lokaci a gida don yin aiki a ''Wallenstein''. A shekara ta 1798 an tura mijinta, yanzu kyaftin, zuwa Stuttgart kuma ta bi shi a can. A shekara mai zuwa, ya kamu da bugun jini wanda ya gurgunta ƙafafunsa. Za ta zama mai kula da shi na shekaru ashirin da takwas masu zuwa. A cikin 1812, sun koma Ludwigsburg. Babban ɗan'uwanta, Friedrich, fasto ne a kusa da Erdmannhausen kuma galibi suna halartar tarurrukan siyasa a can don nuna hadin kai ga waɗanda ke yaƙi da Napoleon. Franz ta mutu a watan Yunin 1827 kuma ta biyo baya bayan 'yan watanni. Ta kammala kusan hotuna 100 (babu wanda aka sanya hannu), mafi yawansu suna cikin tarin masu zaman kansu. Akwai abin tunawa da ita a Gidan Tarihi na Schorndorf. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwanta sanannen masanin kimiyya ne, Carl Reichenbach. == Manazarta == pt2jyghn3stlhap5husyoy50regel25 0 164956 905184 2026-08-20T18:42:34Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349472336|Caroline Friederike von Schlözer]]" 905184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Friederike von Schlözer''' (née Caroline Friederike Roederer; 15 ga Mayu 1753 - 28 ga Afrilu 1808) ta kasance mai zane-zane da kuma zane-zane na Jamus.<ref name="Benezit-2011">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Schlözer, Caroline Friederike von |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/display/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00163616 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=[[Benezit Dictionary of Artists]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00163616}}</ref> An san ta da hotunan sarauta, wanda ke da ma'auni masu kama da zane-zane. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Caroline Friederike von Schlözer a matsayin Caroline Friederik Roederer a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1753, a [[Göttingen]] a Lower Saxony, Jamus.<ref name="Benezit-2011" /><ref name="ADK">{{Cite web |title=Schlözer |url=https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/index.htm?we_objectID=54175 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=[[Akademie der Künste]] (ADK) |language=de}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Elizabeth Clara Wahl, kuma mahaifinta Johann Georg Roederer, sanannen likitan haihuwa.<ref name="ADK" /> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1769, tana da shekaru 16, ta auri masanin tarihi kuma lauya Agusta Ludwig von Schlözer . <ref name="Benezit-2011" /> Suna da 'ya'ya takwas, uku daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna jariri.<ref name="Appel-2022" /> Ta zama sananniya a duk faɗin Turai a matsayin mai zane da mai zane. An san ta da zane-zane da zane-zanen da aka yi da ita. Kayan ado na musamman yana da sutura ta musamman, mai kama da salon "en knots" na sutura mai kama da sutura. A cikin 1800 da 1806, ta nuna aikinta na zane-zane a Berlin.<ref name="Appel-2022" /> Daga 1806 zuwa 1808, von Schlözer ya zama memba mai daraja na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussia.<ref name="ADK" /> Wasu daga cikin batutuwan hotunan ta sun hada da Sarauniya ta Prussia, Louise na Mecklenburg-Strelitz; da Sarauniya na Ingila, Mary Tudor . <ref name="Appel-2022" /> Hoton Caroline Friederike von Schlözer ya samo asali ne daga mai zane na Jamus Friedrich Carl Gröger, kuma yana cikin mallakar iyalin Schlözer. == Manazarta == f59cbq1l3jjitqt0qi56hyt4e46114p 905185 905184 2026-08-20T18:42:58Z Nnamadee 31123 905185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Caroline Friederike von Schlözer''' (née Caroline Friederike Roederer; 15 ga Mayu 1753 - 28 ga Afrilu 1808) ta kasance mai zane-zane da kuma zane-zane na Jamus.<ref name="Benezit-2011">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Schlözer, Caroline Friederike von |url=https://www.oxfordartonline.com/benezit/display/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.001.0001/acref-9780199773787-e-00163616 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=[[Benezit Dictionary of Artists]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00163616}}</ref> An san ta da hotunan sarauta, wanda ke da ma'auni masu kama da zane-zane. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Caroline Friederike von Schlözer a matsayin Caroline Friederik Roederer a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1753, a [[Göttingen]] a Lower Saxony, Jamus.<ref name="Benezit-2011" /><ref name="ADK">{{Cite web |title=Schlözer |url=https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/index.htm?we_objectID=54175 |access-date=2025-03-10 |website=[[Akademie der Künste]] (ADK) |language=de}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Elizabeth Clara Wahl, kuma mahaifinta Johann Georg Roederer, sanannen likitan haihuwa.<ref name="ADK" /> A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, 1769, tana da shekaru 16, ta auri masanin tarihi kuma lauya Agusta Ludwig von Schlözer . <ref name="Benezit-2011" /> Suna da 'ya'ya takwas, uku daga cikinsu sun mutu tun suna jariri.<ref name="Appel-2022" /> Ta zama sananniya a duk faɗin Turai a matsayin mai zane da mai zane. An san ta da zane-zane da zane-zanen da aka yi da ita. Kayan ado na musamman yana da sutura ta musamman, mai kama da salon "en knots" na sutura mai kama da sutura. A cikin 1800 da 1806, ta nuna aikinta na zane-zane a Berlin.<ref name="Appel-2022" /> Daga 1806 zuwa 1808, von Schlözer ya zama memba mai daraja na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussia.<ref name="ADK" /> Wasu daga cikin batutuwan hotunan ta sun hada da Sarauniya ta Prussia, Louise na Mecklenburg-Strelitz; da Sarauniya na Ingila, Mary Tudor . <ref name="Appel-2022" /> Hoton Caroline Friederike von Schlözer ya samo asali ne daga mai zane na Jamus Friedrich Carl Gröger, kuma yana cikin mallakar iyalin Schlözer. == Manazarta == la40xezs1w1ce7f9jv4as6qarfnhnw6 0 164957 905186 2026-08-20T18:44:23Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358812598|Elise Neumann Hedinger]]" 905186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elise Neumann Hedinger''' (1854-1923) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da zane-zanen rayuwarta. == Tarihin rayuwa == Hedinger née Neumann an haife ta ne a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1854 a [[Berlin]], Jamus . <ref name="zeno">{{Cite web |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Band 9. Leipzig 1907, S. 38. |url=http://www.zeno.org/nid/20006753930 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=zeno.org |language=de}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Jamus da Faransa tare da Charles Hoguet, Albert Hertel, Eugen Bracht, da Karl Gussow . Hedinger ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekara ta 1923. <ref name="Invaluable">{{Cite web |title=Elise Hedinger (1854 - 1923) |url=https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095419/https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Invaluable}}</ref> [[Fayil:Elise_Hedinger_Neumann_-_still_life_with_shrimps,_oysters,_shells_and_silver_bowl.jpg|thumb|''Rayuwa'' ta Elise Neumann Hedinger]] == Manazarta == qz5i7etzqzwnxfgh92q255xtdo5k3x3 905187 905186 2026-08-20T18:44:46Z Nnamadee 31123 905187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elise Neumann Hedinger''' (1854-1923) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da zane-zanen rayuwarta. == Tarihin rayuwa == Hedinger née Neumann an haife ta ne a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1854 a [[Berlin]], Jamus . <ref name="zeno">{{Cite web |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Band 9. Leipzig 1907, S. 38. |url=http://www.zeno.org/nid/20006753930 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=zeno.org |language=de}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Jamus da Faransa tare da Charles Hoguet, Albert Hertel, Eugen Bracht, da Karl Gussow . Hedinger ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekara ta 1923. <ref name="Invaluable">{{Cite web |title=Elise Hedinger (1854 - 1923) |url=https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095419/https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Invaluable}}</ref> [[Fayil:Elise_Hedinger_Neumann_-_still_life_with_shrimps,_oysters,_shells_and_silver_bowl.jpg|thumb|''Rayuwa'' ta Elise Neumann Hedinger]] == Manazarta == nefic6qure0nbxcvuwexq2zuu7nt6ps 905188 905187 2026-08-20T18:45:04Z Nnamadee 31123 905188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elise Neumann Hedinger''' (1854-1923) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane da aka sani da zane-zanen rayuwarta. == Tarihin rayuwa == Hedinger née Neumann an haife ta ne a ranar 3 ga Yuli 1854 a [[Berlin]], Jamus . <ref name="zeno">{{Cite web |title=Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Band 9. Leipzig 1907, S. 38. |url=http://www.zeno.org/nid/20006753930 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=zeno.org |language=de}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Jamus da Faransa tare da Charles Hoguet, Albert Hertel, Eugen Bracht, da Karl Gussow . Hedinger ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekara ta 1923. <ref name="Invaluable">{{Cite web |title=Elise Hedinger (1854 - 1923) |url=https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095419/https://www.invaluable.co.uk/auction-lot/elise-hedinger-eae45609e0 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Invaluable}}</ref> [[Fayil:Elise_Hedinger_Neumann_-_still_life_with_shrimps,_oysters,_shells_and_silver_bowl.jpg|thumb|''Rayuwa'' ta Elise Neumann Hedinger]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ou60ykztfpid01lwolzziy81rx7b2tk 0 164958 905189 2026-08-20T18:46:48Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291587834|Else Sohn-Rethel]]" 905189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Sohn-Rethel_Familie_Foto_ca._1900.JPG|alt=|thumb|Hoton dangin Sohn-Rethel, ca.1900]] '''Elisabeth "Else" Johanna Martha Maria Sohn-Rethel''' (14 Maris 1853 - 22 Janairu 1933) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane kuma mawaƙa, mai aiki a tsakiyar da ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Elisabeth Johanna Martha Maria Rethel a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1853 a [[Rum|Rome]], Jihar Paparoma, cikin wani babban iyali na Yahudawa 'yan Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebenserinnerungen von Else Sohn-Rethel - Ein lebendiges und charmantes Epochenbild |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/lebenserinnerungen-von-else-sohn-rethel-ein-lebendiges-und.700.de.html?dram:article_id=356309 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de-DE}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Marie Elisabeth Henrietta Philipina Grahl, mahaifinta kuma mai zane-zanen tarihi ne, Alfred Rethel . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Böttcher |first=Kirsten |date=2016-06-01 |title=Else Sohn-Rethels Memoiren, Das Turbulente Leben einer Künstlergattin |trans-title=Else Sohn-Rethel's Memoirs, The Turbulent Life of an Artist's Wife |url=https://www.br.de/radio/bayern2/kultur/radiotexte/else-sohn-rethels-lebenserinnerungen-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818021213/https://www.br.de/radio/bayern2/kultur/radiotexte/else-sohn-rethels-lebenserinnerungen-100.html |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=Radio Bayern 2, Kultur}}</ref> Ta fito ne daga zuriyar mahaifiyarta daga dangin Oppenheim masu daraja, <ref name=":0" /> kakanta shi ne ma'aikacin banki Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim. Kakanta na wajen uwa ƙaramin mai zane ne kuma [[Hoto (Portrait)|mai zane-zane]], August Grahl, kuma mahaifiyarta da kakanninta na wajen uwa sun rene ta a Villa Rosa (a [[Dresden]] ) saboda matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa na mahaifinta. <ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1873, ta auri mai zane Karl Rudolf Sohn a Cocin Loschwitz a Dresden . Bayan aure ta koma [[Düsseldorf]], inda dangin mijinta ke zaune.<ref name=":0" /> Tsakanin 1860 da 1900, ta ɗauki sana'ar waka saboda suna buƙatar ƙarin kuɗin shiga, kuma a sakamakon haka an maraba da ita zuwa babban al'umma na Düsseldorf kuma sau da yawa za ta yi a salons da sauran tarurruka na jama'a.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1875, Sohn-Rethel ta haifi ɗanta na fari, Alfred Sohn-Rathel . <ref name=":0" /> Sauran 'ya'yanta sun hada da Otto Sohn-Rethel (1877-1949), Karli Sohn-Rathel (1882-1966), da Mira Sohn-Retsel Heuser (1884-1974). 'Ya'ya maza uku sun zama masu zane-zane kuma 'yarta ta auri mai zane, Werner Heuser . <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 1928, Sohn-Rethel ta rubuta tarihinta, wanda daga baya aka gyara kuma aka buga shi a matsayin littafi a cikin 2016. <ref name=":0" /> Sohn-Rethel ta mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1933 a gidanta da ke Düsseldorf, 'yan kwanaki kafin [[Adolf Hitler]] ya karbe mulki.<ref name=":0" /> An binne ta a makabartar Nordfriedhof a Düsseldorf . <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 1j7qfvveyxz21szkowvvm28pre3pr9n 905190 905189 2026-08-20T18:47:14Z Nnamadee 31123 905190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sohn-Rethel_Familie_Foto_ca._1900.JPG|alt=|thumb|Hoton dangin Sohn-Rethel, ca.1900]] '''Elisabeth "Else" Johanna Martha Maria Sohn-Rethel''' (14 Maris 1853 - 22 Janairu 1933) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane kuma mawaƙa, mai aiki a tsakiyar da ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Elisabeth Johanna Martha Maria Rethel a ranar 14 ga Maris, 1853 a [[Rum|Rome]], Jihar Paparoma, cikin wani babban iyali na Yahudawa 'yan Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lebenserinnerungen von Else Sohn-Rethel - Ein lebendiges und charmantes Epochenbild |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/lebenserinnerungen-von-else-sohn-rethel-ein-lebendiges-und.700.de.html?dram:article_id=356309 |access-date=2020-08-12 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de-DE}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta ita ce Marie Elisabeth Henrietta Philipina Grahl, mahaifinta kuma mai zane-zanen tarihi ne, Alfred Rethel . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Böttcher |first=Kirsten |date=2016-06-01 |title=Else Sohn-Rethels Memoiren, Das Turbulente Leben einer Künstlergattin |trans-title=Else Sohn-Rethel's Memoirs, The Turbulent Life of an Artist's Wife |url=https://www.br.de/radio/bayern2/kultur/radiotexte/else-sohn-rethels-lebenserinnerungen-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818021213/https://www.br.de/radio/bayern2/kultur/radiotexte/else-sohn-rethels-lebenserinnerungen-100.html |archive-date=2016-08-18 |access-date=2020-08-09 |website=Radio Bayern 2, Kultur}}</ref> Ta fito ne daga zuriyar mahaifiyarta daga dangin Oppenheim masu daraja, <ref name=":0" /> kakanta shi ne ma'aikacin banki Martin Wilhelm Oppenheim. Kakanta na wajen uwa ƙaramin mai zane ne kuma [[Hoto (Portrait)|mai zane-zane]], August Grahl, kuma mahaifiyarta da kakanninta na wajen uwa sun rene ta a Villa Rosa (a [[Dresden]] ) saboda matsalolin lafiyar kwakwalwa na mahaifinta. <ref name=":0" /> A shekara ta 1873, ta auri mai zane Karl Rudolf Sohn a Cocin Loschwitz a Dresden . Bayan aure ta koma [[Düsseldorf]], inda dangin mijinta ke zaune.<ref name=":0" /> Tsakanin 1860 da 1900, ta ɗauki sana'ar waka saboda suna buƙatar ƙarin kuɗin shiga, kuma a sakamakon haka an maraba da ita zuwa babban al'umma na Düsseldorf kuma sau da yawa za ta yi a salons da sauran tarurruka na jama'a.<ref name=":0" /> A ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 1875, Sohn-Rethel ta haifi ɗanta na fari, Alfred Sohn-Rathel . <ref name=":0" /> Sauran 'ya'yanta sun hada da Otto Sohn-Rethel (1877-1949), Karli Sohn-Rathel (1882-1966), da Mira Sohn-Retsel Heuser (1884-1974). 'Ya'ya maza uku sun zama masu zane-zane kuma 'yarta ta auri mai zane, Werner Heuser . <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 1928, Sohn-Rethel ta rubuta tarihinta, wanda daga baya aka gyara kuma aka buga shi a matsayin littafi a cikin 2016. <ref name=":0" /> Sohn-Rethel ta mutu a ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 1933 a gidanta da ke Düsseldorf, 'yan kwanaki kafin [[Adolf Hitler]] ya karbe mulki.<ref name=":0" /> An binne ta a makabartar Nordfriedhof a Düsseldorf . <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 4gfa5p1h3y4vjlxbrb6v5t3jq2h2qw1 0 164959 905191 2026-08-20T18:49:08Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1291584646|Maria Slavona]]" 905191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Slavona''', an haife ta '''Marie Dorette Caroline Schorer''' (14 Maris 1865, [[Lübeck]] - 10 Mayu 1931, [[Berlin]]) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Maria_Slavona_Häuser_am_Montmartre_2.jpg|left|thumb|246x246px|Gidaje a kan Montmartre (1898) ]] Mahaifinta, {{Interlanguage link|Theodor Schorer|de}}, ƙwararren mai harhada magunguna ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda aka san shi da yaƙin neman zaɓensa na inganta ingancin ruwan sha na Lübeck. Babbar 'yar uwarta, Cornelia Schorer, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin likitoci mata na farko a Jamus. Tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, bayan wasu darussa na zane-zane na yau da kullun, ta tafi Berlin don yin karatu a wata makarantar fasaha mai zaman kanta kafin ta koma cibiyar koyarwa a [[Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin|Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Ado]], wacce ta halarta har zuwa 1886. A shekara mai zuwa, ta fara karatu a makarantar fasaha ta Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen, inda aka ba su izinin yin nazarin yanayin jiki da kuma zana daga samfuran da suka dace. Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussian har yanzu cibiya ce ta maza kaɗai a wancan lokacin. A shekara ta 1888, ta koma Munich, karbar darussan sirri daga mai zane-zane Alois Erdtelt, sannan ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta {{Interlanguage link|Münchner Künstlerinnenverein|de}}, inda malaminta mafi tasiri shine Ludwig von Herterich, wanda ya gabatar da ita ga burgewa.[de] Daga baya, a hutu a gida, ta sadu da wasu masu zane-zane na Scandinavia kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare da su amma, ban da Louvre, ta yi takaici.<ref>Margrit Bröhan: Maria Slavona. In: ''Das Verborgene Museum. Teil I: Dokumentation der Kunst von Frauen in Berliner öffentlichen Sammlungen''. Berlin 1987, {{ISBN|3-926175-38-9}}.</ref> === Nasarar farko === Ɗaya daga cikin sahabbansa a kan tafiya shine mai zane na Danish Vilhelm Petersen kuma, yayin da suka zama abokai na kusa, dukansu biyu sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar sunayen da aka ɗauka don ayyukan su. Ya zaɓi Willy Gretor kuma ta zama Maria Slavona . Har ila yau, suna da 'yar da ba ta da aure wacce baya ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin sunan {{Interlanguage link|Lilly Ackermann|de}} [de], bayan mutumin da mahaifiyarta ta yi aure a 1900, dillalin fasaha na Switzerland Otto Ackermann (1871-1963). Nunin farko na Slavona ya zo ne a cikin 1893 a Salon de Champ-de-Mars na Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, abin mamaki a ƙarƙashin sunan namiji "Carl-Maria Plavona". A cikin 1901, ta shiga Berlin Secession, ta koma Lübeck a cikin 1906 kuma ta koma Berlin a cikin 1909. [[Fayil:HL_Damals_-_Slavona_-_Tauwetter_bei_Lübeck.jpg|thumb|325x325px|Spring Thaw kusa da Lübeck (1913) ]] Kusan ƙarshen shekarun 1920, lafiyarta ta fara tabarbarewa kuma, bayan da ta kasa samun magani tare da maganin gargajiya, ta juya zuwa anthroposophy da Naturopathy. Duk da haka, lafiyarta ba ta inganta ba, kuma an yi amfani da shekarunta na ƙarshe wajen zanen furanni da shimfidar wurare a kusa da gidanta kusa da Münsing. An manta da aikinta shekaru da yawa, bayan an sanya shi a matsayin "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) a 1933. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an lalata yawancin zane-zanenta, ko dai da gangan ko kuma sakamakon yakin. Ba har zuwa 1981 ba ne Gidan Tarihi na Bröhan a Berlin ya gudanar da wani muhimmin retrospective. == Manazarta == lbp68ak5ffgy7yp3y68evkexxefoozk 905192 905191 2026-08-20T18:49:30Z Nnamadee 31123 905192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maria Slavona''', an haife ta '''Marie Dorette Caroline Schorer''' (14 Maris 1865, [[Lübeck]] - 10 Mayu 1931, [[Berlin]]) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Maria_Slavona_Häuser_am_Montmartre_2.jpg|left|thumb|246x246px|Gidaje a kan Montmartre (1898) ]] Mahaifinta, {{Interlanguage link|Theodor Schorer|de}}, ƙwararren mai harhada magunguna ne kuma ɗan siyasa wanda aka san shi da yaƙin neman zaɓensa na inganta ingancin ruwan sha na Lübeck. Babbar 'yar uwarta, Cornelia Schorer, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin likitoci mata na farko a Jamus. Tana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, bayan wasu darussa na zane-zane na yau da kullun, ta tafi Berlin don yin karatu a wata makarantar fasaha mai zaman kanta kafin ta koma cibiyar koyarwa a [[Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin|Gidan Tarihi na Fasahar Ado]], wacce ta halarta har zuwa 1886. A shekara mai zuwa, ta fara karatu a makarantar fasaha ta Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen, inda aka ba su izinin yin nazarin yanayin jiki da kuma zana daga samfuran da suka dace. Kwalejin Fasaha ta Prussian har yanzu cibiya ce ta maza kaɗai a wancan lokacin. A shekara ta 1888, ta koma Munich, karbar darussan sirri daga mai zane-zane Alois Erdtelt, sannan ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta {{Interlanguage link|Münchner Künstlerinnenverein|de}}, inda malaminta mafi tasiri shine Ludwig von Herterich, wanda ya gabatar da ita ga burgewa.[de] Daga baya, a hutu a gida, ta sadu da wasu masu zane-zane na Scandinavia kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare da su amma, ban da Louvre, ta yi takaici.<ref>Margrit Bröhan: Maria Slavona. In: ''Das Verborgene Museum. Teil I: Dokumentation der Kunst von Frauen in Berliner öffentlichen Sammlungen''. Berlin 1987, {{ISBN|3-926175-38-9}}.</ref> === Nasarar farko === Ɗaya daga cikin sahabbansa a kan tafiya shine mai zane na Danish Vilhelm Petersen kuma, yayin da suka zama abokai na kusa, dukansu biyu sun yanke shawarar ɗaukar sunayen da aka ɗauka don ayyukan su. Ya zaɓi Willy Gretor kuma ta zama Maria Slavona . Har ila yau, suna da 'yar da ba ta da aure wacce baya ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a ƙarƙashin sunan {{Interlanguage link|Lilly Ackermann|de}} [de], bayan mutumin da mahaifiyarta ta yi aure a 1900, dillalin fasaha na Switzerland Otto Ackermann (1871-1963). Nunin farko na Slavona ya zo ne a cikin 1893 a Salon de Champ-de-Mars na Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, abin mamaki a ƙarƙashin sunan namiji "Carl-Maria Plavona". A cikin 1901, ta shiga Berlin Secession, ta koma Lübeck a cikin 1906 kuma ta koma Berlin a cikin 1909. [[Fayil:HL_Damals_-_Slavona_-_Tauwetter_bei_Lübeck.jpg|thumb|325x325px|Spring Thaw kusa da Lübeck (1913) ]] Kusan ƙarshen shekarun 1920, lafiyarta ta fara tabarbarewa kuma, bayan da ta kasa samun magani tare da maganin gargajiya, ta juya zuwa anthroposophy da Naturopathy. Duk da haka, lafiyarta ba ta inganta ba, kuma an yi amfani da shekarunta na ƙarshe wajen zanen furanni da shimfidar wurare a kusa da gidanta kusa da Münsing. An manta da aikinta shekaru da yawa, bayan an sanya shi a matsayin "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) a 1933. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an lalata yawancin zane-zanenta, ko dai da gangan ko kuma sakamakon yakin. Ba har zuwa 1981 ba ne Gidan Tarihi na Bröhan a Berlin ya gudanar da wani muhimmin retrospective. == Manazarta == qgbzhlrjq3ufl6z16semcybis2yn5zl 0 164960 905193 2026-08-20T18:50:15Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617392|Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss]]" 905193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss''' (14 ga Oktoba 1899 - 10 ga Agusta 1987) mawaki ne na Jamus. Wanda ya tsira daga sansanonin Westerbork da Theresienstadt, ta rubuta da yawa game da Holocaust. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ilse Weiss a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1899 a [[Berlin]] ga Gottlieb Weiss, mai sayar da tufafi, da Hedwig Weiss-Brock . Ta auri Herbert Blumenthal, likitan hakora, a 1929. Ta horar da ita don zama malama a ilimin jiki kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitanci, kodayake ta kuma rubuta waka tun tana ƙarama. Ta wallafa kundi na farko na waƙoƙinta, Gesicht und Maske ("Fuska da Mask"), a cikin 1929. Ta yi rubutu tare da mawaki na Austrian Rainer Maria Rilke, kuma an buga wasikun su a cikin Briefe aus Muzot a cikin 1935. <ref name="lbi">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title=Guide to the Papers of Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=475348 |access-date=17 April 2015 |publisher=[[Leo Baeck Institute]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1937, kasancewar Bayahude ne, Blumenthal-Weiss ya tsere daga Nazi Jamus. Ta koma Netherlands, amma ita da 'yarta, Miriam, an kore su zuwa Westerbork sannan kuma sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt a 1944. <ref name="lbi" /> An kashe mijinta da ɗanta, Peter, a sansanonin Auschwitz da Mauthausen bi da bi. A shekara ta 1947, bayan yakin, Blumenthal-Weiss da 'yarta suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, suka zauna a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref name="lbi" /> Yayinda take zaune a New York, ta wallafa wasu tarin shayari guda uku: ''Das Schlüsselwunder'' (1954; "The Key Miracle"), ''Mahnmal'' (1957; "Memorial"), da ''Ohnesarg'' (1984; "Coffinless"). Yawancin waƙoƙin da ke ciki sun mai da hankali kan Holocaust da wadanda aka azabtar. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Leo Baeck, New York . Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1987 a Greenwich, Connecticut . <ref name="glenn" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] rjgntwrd5mj98c7n754v9qcl431aabb 905194 905193 2026-08-20T18:51:00Z Usman saadu 46863 905194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss''' (14 ga Oktoba 1899 - 10 ga Agusta 1987) mawaki ne na Jamus. Wanda ya tsira daga sansanonin Westerbork da Theresienstadt, ta rubuta da yawa game da Holocaust. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ilse Weiss a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1899 a [[Berlin]] ga Gottlieb Weiss, mai sayar da tufafi, da Hedwig Weiss-Brock . Ta auri Herbert Blumenthal, likitan hakora, a 1929. Ta horar da ita don zama malama a ilimin jiki kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitanci, kodayake ta kuma rubuta waka tun tana ƙarama. Ta wallafa kundi na farko na waƙoƙinta, Gesicht und Maske ("Fuska da Mask"), a cikin 1929. Ta yi rubutu tare da mawaki na Austrian Rainer Maria Rilke, kuma an buga wasikun su a cikin Briefe aus Muzot a cikin 1935. <ref name="lbi">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title=Guide to the Papers of Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=475348 |access-date=17 April 2015 |publisher=[[Leo Baeck Institute]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1937, kasancewar Bayahude ne, Blumenthal-Weiss ya tsere daga Nazi Jamus. Ta koma Netherlands, amma ita da 'yarta, Miriam, an kore su zuwa Westerbork sannan kuma sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt a 1944. <ref name="lbi" /> An kashe mijinta da ɗanta, Peter, a sansanonin Auschwitz da Mauthausen bi da bi. A shekara ta 1947, bayan yakin, Blumenthal-Weiss da 'yarta suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, suka zauna a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref name="lbi" /> Yayinda take zaune a New York, ta wallafa wasu tarin shayari guda uku: ''Das Schlüsselwunder'' (1954; "The Key Miracle"), ''Mahnmal'' (1957; "Memorial"), da ''Ohnesarg'' (1984; "Coffinless"). Yawancin waƙoƙin da ke ciki sun mai da hankali kan Holocaust da wadanda aka azabtar. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Leo Baeck, New York . Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1987 a Greenwich, Connecticut . <ref name="glenn" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] 8dxxpz0whscwekir24u15gtgxo2r5bt 905195 905194 2026-08-20T18:51:37Z Usman saadu 46863 905195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss''' (14 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1899 - 10 ga Agusta 1987) mawaki ne na Jamus. Wanda ya tsira daga sansanonin Westerbork da Theresienstadt, ta rubuta da yawa game da Holocaust. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ilse Weiss a ranar 14 ga Oktoba 1899 a [[Berlin]] ga Gottlieb Weiss, mai sayar da tufafi, da Hedwig Weiss-Brock . Ta auri Herbert Blumenthal, likitan hakora, a 1929. Ta horar da ita don zama malama a ilimin jiki kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitanci, kodayake ta kuma rubuta waka tun tana ƙarama. Ta wallafa kundi na farko na waƙoƙinta, Gesicht und Maske ("Fuska da Mask"), a cikin 1929. Ta yi rubutu tare da mawaki na Austrian Rainer Maria Rilke, kuma an buga wasikun su a cikin Briefe aus Muzot a cikin 1935. <ref name="lbi">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title=Guide to the Papers of Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=475348 |access-date=17 April 2015 |publisher=[[Leo Baeck Institute]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1937, kasancewar Bayahude ne, Blumenthal-Weiss ya tsere daga Nazi Jamus. Ta koma Netherlands, amma ita da 'yarta, Miriam, an kore su zuwa Westerbork sannan kuma sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt a 1944. <ref name="lbi" /> An kashe mijinta da ɗanta, Peter, a sansanonin Auschwitz da Mauthausen bi da bi. A shekara ta 1947, bayan yakin, Blumenthal-Weiss da 'yarta suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, suka zauna a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref name="lbi" /> Yayinda take zaune a New York, ta wallafa wasu tarin shayari guda uku: ''Das Schlüsselwunder'' (1954; "The Key Miracle"), ''Mahnmal'' (1957; "Memorial"), da ''Ohnesarg'' (1984; "Coffinless"). Yawancin waƙoƙin da ke ciki sun mai da hankali kan Holocaust da wadanda aka azabtar. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Leo Baeck, New York . Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1987 a Greenwich, Connecticut . <ref name="glenn" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] au1xsrv6cerqc8xjtjjbtzbdb31oyfd 905198 905195 2026-08-20T18:52:47Z Usman saadu 46863 905198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss''' (14 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1899 - 10 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta 1987) mawaki ne na Jamus. Wanda ya tsira daga sansanonin Westerbork da Theresienstadt, ta rubuta da yawa game da Holocaust. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Ilse Weiss a ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1899 a [[Berlin]] ga Gottlieb Weiss, mai sayar da tufafi, da Hedwig Weiss-Brock . Ta auri Herbert Blumenthal, likitan hakora, a 1929. Ta horar da ita don zama malama a ilimin jiki kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren likitanci, kodayake ta kuma rubuta waka tun tana ƙarama. Ta wallafa kundi na farko na waƙoƙinta, Gesicht und Maske ("Fuska da Mask"), a cikin 1929. Ta yi rubutu tare da mawaki na Austrian Rainer Maria Rilke, kuma an buga wasikun su a cikin Briefe aus Muzot a cikin 1935. <ref name="lbi">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2013 |title=Guide to the Papers of Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss |url=http://findingaids.cjh.org/?pID=475348 |access-date=17 April 2015 |publisher=[[Leo Baeck Institute]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1937, kasancewar Bayahude ne, Blumenthal-Weiss ya tsere daga Nazi Jamus. Ta koma Netherlands, amma ita da 'yarta, Miriam, an kore su zuwa Westerbork sannan kuma sansanin fursuna na Theresienstadt a 1944. <ref name="lbi" /> An kashe mijinta da ɗanta, Peter, a sansanonin Auschwitz da Mauthausen bi da bi. A shekara ta 1947, bayan yakin, Blumenthal-Weiss da 'yarta suka yi hijira zuwa Amurka, suka zauna a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]].<ref name="lbi" /> Yayinda take zaune a New York, ta wallafa wasu tarin shayari guda uku: ''Das Schlüsselwunder'' (1954; "The Key Miracle"), ''Mahnmal'' (1957; "Memorial"), da ''Ohnesarg'' (1984; "Coffinless"). Yawancin waƙoƙin da ke ciki sun mai da hankali kan Holocaust da wadanda aka azabtar. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da ɗakin karatu a Cibiyar Leo Baeck, New York . Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1987 a Greenwich, Connecticut . <ref name="glenn" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1987]] onrod70sw32zr9zfji150v1f5zkg145 0 164961 905196 2026-08-20T18:51:44Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344040334|Dora Hitz]]" 905196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dora Hitz''' (30 Maris 1856 - 20 Nuwamba 1924) ta kasance Mai zane-zane na kotu ga dangin sarauta na Romania, memba ta Ƙungiyar Nuwamba kuma co-kafa Berlin Secession. == Rayuwa == An haife ta ne a Altdorf bei Nürnberg . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, iyalinta sun koma Ansbach kuma tana da shekaru goma sha uku an tura ta zuwa Munich don yin karatu a "Damenmalschule der Frau Staatsrat Weber", makarantar fasaha ga mata matasa, inda ta yi karatu tare da Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger . A baje kolin fasaha da masana'antu na 1876, ta sadu kuma ta saba da [[Elisabeth ta Wied|Elisabeth na Wied]], Sarauniyar Romania (watakila an fi sani da sunanta na wallafe-wallafen "Carmen Sylva"). A sakamakon haka, an nada Hitz a matsayin mai zane-zane na Kotun. Baya ga zane-zanen mai da zane-zanensa na littafi, ta kuma kirkiro murals a cikin Music Hall na Peleș Castle a Sinawa. Bayan 1880, ta zauna a Paris, inda ta yi karatu tare da Luc-Olivier Merson, Gustave Courtois, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant da Eugène Carrière, waɗanda suka fi tasiri a kan salon ta. Ta yi shekara ta 1886/87 a Romania, sannan ta koma Paris, ta zama abokiyar Eugen Jettel da Hermann Bahr . Ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Brittany da Normandy kuma, a cikin 1890, ta zama memba na Salon na Société des Artistes Français . Daga 1892, ta kasance mai halarta a kai a kai a cikin nune-nunen Société Nationale des Beaux Arts . [[Fayil:Académie_Colarossi_(Paris)_-_Adele_von_Finck,_Dora_Hitz,_Ida_Gerhardi,_Jelka_Rosen,_Julie_Wolfthorn.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ida Gerhardi]] (tsayawa, na 1 daga dama), Julie Wolfthorn (tsayawa), na 2 daga dama), Jelka Rosen (tsayawa، na 3 daga dama), Adele von Finck (tsakiya na ƙasa), Dora Hitz (tsayawa , na 1 daga hagu) a matsayin ɗaliban fasaha a Académie Colarossi, Montparnasse, Paris (kimanin 1892) ]] Kodayake ta kasance kuma za ta ci gaba da samun nasara a Paris, ta koma Berlin a shekara ta 1892 kuma ta shiga "Vereins Berliner Künstlerinnen und Kunstfreundinnen" (ƙungiyar mata masu zane-zane) wanda ya ba ta damar yin amfani da abokan ciniki masu yawa na tsakiya waɗanda suka ba da izinin hotunan. Ta kafa makarantar zane-zane ta mata a shekara ta 1894, ta gudanar da ɗakin karatu kuma ta kafa abota da [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . Hitz ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya na 1893 a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> A shekara ta 1898, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Berlin Secession . An ba ta Kyautar Villa Romana a cikin 1906, wanda ya haɗa da stipendium wanda ya ba ta damar yin shekara guda a Florence. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta fara fuskantar matsalolin kudi, ta yi rashin lafiya, kuma a hankali ta zama mai zaman kanta. Ta mutu a Berlin a 1924. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="240"> Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg|Grape Harvest Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Dämmerung.jpg|Twilight Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Maler_Aman-Jean.jpg|Portrait of the painter<br /> Edmond Aman-Jean Fayil:Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gemäldegalerie.jpg|Portrait of a Girl Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg|The Cauliflower </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] tbvh33jqr79ixu5rii4k8uw8izdzepw 905197 905196 2026-08-20T18:52:22Z Nnamadee 31123 905197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dora Hitz''' (30 Maris 1856 - 20 Nuwamba 1924) ta kasance Mai zane-zane na kotu ga dangin sarauta na Romania, memba ta Ƙungiyar Nuwamba kuma co-kafa Berlin Secession. == Rayuwa == An haife ta ne a Altdorf bei Nürnberg . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, iyalinta sun koma Ansbach kuma tana da shekaru goma sha uku an tura ta zuwa Munich don yin karatu a "Damenmalschule der Frau Staatsrat Weber", makarantar fasaha ga mata matasa, inda ta yi karatu tare da Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger . A baje kolin fasaha da masana'antu na 1876, ta sadu kuma ta saba da [[Elisabeth ta Wied|Elisabeth na Wied]], Sarauniyar Romania (watakila an fi sani da sunanta na wallafe-wallafen "Carmen Sylva"). A sakamakon haka, an nada Hitz a matsayin mai zane-zane na Kotun. Baya ga zane-zanen mai da zane-zanensa na littafi, ta kuma kirkiro murals a cikin Music Hall na Peleș Castle a Sinawa. Bayan 1880, ta zauna a Paris, inda ta yi karatu tare da Luc-Olivier Merson, Gustave Courtois, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant da Eugène Carrière, waɗanda suka fi tasiri a kan salon ta. Ta yi shekara ta 1886/87 a Romania, sannan ta koma Paris, ta zama abokiyar Eugen Jettel da Hermann Bahr . Ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Brittany da Normandy kuma, a cikin 1890, ta zama memba na Salon na Société des Artistes Français . Daga 1892, ta kasance mai halarta a kai a kai a cikin nune-nunen Société Nationale des Beaux Arts . [[Fayil:Académie_Colarossi_(Paris)_-_Adele_von_Finck,_Dora_Hitz,_Ida_Gerhardi,_Jelka_Rosen,_Julie_Wolfthorn.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ida Gerhardi]] (tsayawa, na 1 daga dama), Julie Wolfthorn (tsayawa), na 2 daga dama), Jelka Rosen (tsayawa، na 3 daga dama), Adele von Finck (tsakiya na ƙasa), Dora Hitz (tsayawa , na 1 daga hagu) a matsayin ɗaliban fasaha a Académie Colarossi, Montparnasse, Paris (kimanin 1892) ]] Kodayake ta kasance kuma za ta ci gaba da samun nasara a Paris, ta koma Berlin a shekara ta 1892 kuma ta shiga "Vereins Berliner Künstlerinnen und Kunstfreundinnen" (ƙungiyar mata masu zane-zane) wanda ya ba ta damar yin amfani da abokan ciniki masu yawa na tsakiya waɗanda suka ba da izinin hotunan. Ta kafa makarantar zane-zane ta mata a shekara ta 1894, ta gudanar da ɗakin karatu kuma ta kafa abota da [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . Hitz ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya na 1893 a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> A shekara ta 1898, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Berlin Secession . An ba ta Kyautar Villa Romana a cikin 1906, wanda ya haɗa da stipendium wanda ya ba ta damar yin shekara guda a Florence. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta fara fuskantar matsalolin kudi, ta yi rashin lafiya, kuma a hankali ta zama mai zaman kanta. Ta mutu a Berlin a 1924. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="240"> Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg|Grape Harvest Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Dämmerung.jpg|Twilight Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Maler_Aman-Jean.jpg|Portrait of the painter<br /> Edmond Aman-Jean Fayil:Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gemäldegalerie.jpg|Portrait of a Girl Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg|The Cauliflower </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] l71uw2agdu7kgr1m6lzm717lo4fmb43 905199 905197 2026-08-20T18:52:49Z Nnamadee 31123 905199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dora Hitz''' (30 Maris 1856 - 20 Nuwamba 1924) ta kasance Mai zane-zane na kotu ga dangin sarauta na Romania, memba ta Ƙungiyar Nuwamba kuma co-kafa Berlin Secession. == Rayuwa == An haife ta ne a Altdorf bei Nürnberg . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara shida, iyalinta sun koma Ansbach kuma tana da shekaru goma sha uku an tura ta zuwa Munich don yin karatu a "Damenmalschule der Frau Staatsrat Weber", makarantar fasaha ga mata matasa, inda ta yi karatu tare da Wilhelm von Lindenschmit the Younger . A baje kolin fasaha da masana'antu na 1876, ta sadu kuma ta saba da [[Elisabeth ta Wied|Elisabeth na Wied]], Sarauniyar Romania (watakila an fi sani da sunanta na wallafe-wallafen "Carmen Sylva"). A sakamakon haka, an nada Hitz a matsayin mai zane-zane na Kotun. Baya ga zane-zanen mai da zane-zanensa na littafi, ta kuma kirkiro murals a cikin Music Hall na Peleș Castle a Sinawa. Bayan 1880, ta zauna a Paris, inda ta yi karatu tare da Luc-Olivier Merson, Gustave Courtois, Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant da Eugène Carrière, waɗanda suka fi tasiri a kan salon ta. Ta yi shekara ta 1886/87 a Romania, sannan ta koma Paris, ta zama abokiyar Eugen Jettel da Hermann Bahr . Ta yi tafiya a ko'ina cikin Brittany da Normandy kuma, a cikin 1890, ta zama memba na Salon na Société des Artistes Français . Daga 1892, ta kasance mai halarta a kai a kai a cikin nune-nunen Société Nationale des Beaux Arts . [[Fayil:Académie_Colarossi_(Paris)_-_Adele_von_Finck,_Dora_Hitz,_Ida_Gerhardi,_Jelka_Rosen,_Julie_Wolfthorn.jpg|left|thumb|[[Ida Gerhardi]] (tsayawa, na 1 daga dama), Julie Wolfthorn (tsayawa), na 2 daga dama), Jelka Rosen (tsayawa، na 3 daga dama), Adele von Finck (tsakiya na ƙasa), Dora Hitz (tsayawa , na 1 daga hagu) a matsayin ɗaliban fasaha a Académie Colarossi, Montparnasse, Paris (kimanin 1892) ]] Kodayake ta kasance kuma za ta ci gaba da samun nasara a Paris, ta koma Berlin a shekara ta 1892 kuma ta shiga "Vereins Berliner Künstlerinnen und Kunstfreundinnen" (ƙungiyar mata masu zane-zane) wanda ya ba ta damar yin amfani da abokan ciniki masu yawa na tsakiya waɗanda suka ba da izinin hotunan. Ta kafa makarantar zane-zane ta mata a shekara ta 1894, ta gudanar da ɗakin karatu kuma ta kafa abota da [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . Hitz ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a baje kolin Columbian na Duniya na 1893 a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#hedinger |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> A shekara ta 1898, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Berlin Secession . An ba ta Kyautar Villa Romana a cikin 1906, wanda ya haɗa da stipendium wanda ya ba ta damar yin shekara guda a Florence. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta fara fuskantar matsalolin kudi, ta yi rashin lafiya, kuma a hankali ta zama mai zaman kanta. Ta mutu a Berlin a 1924. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="240"> Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Weinernte.jpg|Grape Harvest Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Dämmerung.jpg|Twilight Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Maler_Aman-Jean.jpg|Portrait of the painter<br /> Edmond Aman-Jean Fayil:Dora_Hitz-_Portrait_of_a_girl_-_Gemäldegalerie.jpg|Portrait of a Girl Fayil:Dora_Hitz_Der_Blumenkelch.jpg|The Cauliflower </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 0bje4217cn7tav7j612a0m85giua7vy 0 164962 905203 2026-08-20T18:54:41Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360706495|Margarete Hoenerbach]]" 905203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Margarete_Hoenerbach.png|thumb|Margarete Hoenerbach (''Der Bazar'', 20 Janairu 1908) ]] '''Margarete Hoenerbach''' (19 Satumba 1848 - 1924) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, mai lambar yabo, kuma mai zane-zana. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hoenerbach a Deutz, Cologne . Ta horar da Otto Rethel da Alfred Hertel a [[Düsseldorf]] kuma ta zauna a Berlin bayan ta zauna a [[Faris|Paris]] da [[Italiya]]. Da farko ta ba da kanta ga hoto, har yanzu rayuwa, da zanen shimfidar wuri. A cikin 1868, an kafa makarantar zane da zane na Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen a matsayin cibiyar jama'a ta farko inda mata suka sami horo na asali da tsari a cikin fasaha. Ba a shigar da mata cikin makarantar fasaha ba har zuwa 1919. A shekara ta 1891, ƙungiyar da makarantar sun kafa kansu a matsayin cibiyoyin dindindin a cikin yanayin fasaha na Berlin tare da tallafi mai yawa daga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Prussia. Masu rabuwa Philipp Franck, Hans Baluschek, Ludwig Dettmann, Martin Brandenburg, Ulrich Hübner, George Mosson, da Franz Skarbina an haɗa su da ƙungiyar masu zane a matsayin malami a makarantar zane da zane kuma a matsayin memba mai daraja. An nada Hoenerbach a matsayin darektan daga 1892 zuwa 1909. Sanannun ɗalibai sun haɗa da [[Paula Modersohn-Becker]] a cikin 1896, Ilse Jonas har zuwa 1909 da malamai Jacob Alberts, Curt Stoeving, Martin Körte, Ernst Friedrich Hausmann, Ludwig Dettmann, Max Uth, Jeanna Bauck, kuma a cikin 1897 [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . Daga 1887 zuwa 1911, an wakilta ta tare da aikinta a cikin nune-nunen shekara-shekara na Kwalejin Berlin da Munich. A cikin Allgemeine Kunstchronik Wien, Franz Hermann ta yi sharhi game da gudummawar da ta bayar ga baje kolin na 12 na Kungiyar Mata masu zane-zane da Abokan Fasaha a cikin 1890 a cikin ginin Royal Academy a Berlin:<blockquote>'Aikin ado na ɗakin lambu' na Marg. Hönerbach yana fama da jaddadawa sosai a kan kayan ado, wanda aka bayyana babban baiwarsa ba tare da saɓani ba a cikin ƙaramin kwamiti 'Vorrathskammer' wanda aka ba shi. Abin da Fraulein Hönerbach ke ba mu a cikin wannan tsarin da ba shi da girman hannu ya fi girma fiye da girman hoto na farko na ita. A cikin wannan karamin kusurwa mara kyau, wanda aka aiwatar a hanya mafi kyau, akwai rarraba haske, mafita ta bambance-bambance na launi, yanayi wanda duk yana da sakamako mai ban sha'awa.</blockquote>A cikin 1900 Hoenerbach ta shiga tare da hotuna biyar a "Nunawar Mata, 1900, Kotun Earl, London, SW" tare da adireshin a Zehlendorf, Potsdamer Straße 39. A cikin 1911, a wannan adireshin a cikin ''Gidan baje kolin'', Potsdamerstraße 39, baje kolin farko na Berlin: "Za ku iya ganin kyawawan siffofi na mata, sun dogara ne akan Minne da Maillol, amma har yanzu suna da rayuwarsu. Nazarin hoton da Margarete Hoenerbach ya yi yana da kyau, [...]" (Der Sturm) <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Volume 1911 - Japan Chronicle Weekly Edition &gt; Date 12 October 1911 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2214-9627_jc-japanchronicle-1911-19111012 |doi=10.1163/2214-9627_jc-japanchronicle-1911-19111012 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-07-05}}</ref> Ciwon ido ya kai ta daga zane da zane-zane zuwa zane-zane. Ga Technische Hochschule a Charlottenburg (yanzu Technische Universität Berlin) ta kirkiro abin tunawa ga shugaban makarantar Guido Hauck da kabarinsa. Ta mutu a 1924 a Berlin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 9o5fwtrah0x44tvpg3plujwfthj4ja0 905204 905203 2026-08-20T18:55:08Z Nnamadee 31123 905204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Margarete_Hoenerbach.png|thumb|Margarete Hoenerbach (''Der Bazar'', 20 Janairu 1908) ]] '''Margarete Hoenerbach''' (19 Satumba 1848 - 1924) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane, mai lambar yabo, kuma mai zane-zana. == Rayuwa == An haifi Hoenerbach a Deutz, Cologne . Ta horar da Otto Rethel da Alfred Hertel a [[Düsseldorf]] kuma ta zauna a Berlin bayan ta zauna a [[Faris|Paris]] da [[Italiya]]. Da farko ta ba da kanta ga hoto, har yanzu rayuwa, da zanen shimfidar wuri. A cikin 1868, an kafa makarantar zane da zane na Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen a matsayin cibiyar jama'a ta farko inda mata suka sami horo na asali da tsari a cikin fasaha. Ba a shigar da mata cikin makarantar fasaha ba har zuwa 1919. A shekara ta 1891, ƙungiyar da makarantar sun kafa kansu a matsayin cibiyoyin dindindin a cikin yanayin fasaha na Berlin tare da tallafi mai yawa daga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Prussia. Masu rabuwa Philipp Franck, Hans Baluschek, Ludwig Dettmann, Martin Brandenburg, Ulrich Hübner, George Mosson, da Franz Skarbina an haɗa su da ƙungiyar masu zane a matsayin malami a makarantar zane da zane kuma a matsayin memba mai daraja. An nada Hoenerbach a matsayin darektan daga 1892 zuwa 1909. Sanannun ɗalibai sun haɗa da [[Paula Modersohn-Becker]] a cikin 1896, Ilse Jonas har zuwa 1909 da malamai Jacob Alberts, Curt Stoeving, Martin Körte, Ernst Friedrich Hausmann, Ludwig Dettmann, Max Uth, Jeanna Bauck, kuma a cikin 1897 [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . Daga 1887 zuwa 1911, an wakilta ta tare da aikinta a cikin nune-nunen shekara-shekara na Kwalejin Berlin da Munich. A cikin Allgemeine Kunstchronik Wien, Franz Hermann ta yi sharhi game da gudummawar da ta bayar ga baje kolin na 12 na Kungiyar Mata masu zane-zane da Abokan Fasaha a cikin 1890 a cikin ginin Royal Academy a Berlin:<blockquote>'Aikin ado na ɗakin lambu' na Marg. Hönerbach yana fama da jaddadawa sosai a kan kayan ado, wanda aka bayyana babban baiwarsa ba tare da saɓani ba a cikin ƙaramin kwamiti 'Vorrathskammer' wanda aka ba shi. Abin da Fraulein Hönerbach ke ba mu a cikin wannan tsarin da ba shi da girman hannu ya fi girma fiye da girman hoto na farko na ita. A cikin wannan karamin kusurwa mara kyau, wanda aka aiwatar a hanya mafi kyau, akwai rarraba haske, mafita ta bambance-bambance na launi, yanayi wanda duk yana da sakamako mai ban sha'awa.</blockquote>A cikin 1900 Hoenerbach ta shiga tare da hotuna biyar a "Nunawar Mata, 1900, Kotun Earl, London, SW" tare da adireshin a Zehlendorf, Potsdamer Straße 39. A cikin 1911, a wannan adireshin a cikin ''Gidan baje kolin'', Potsdamerstraße 39, baje kolin farko na Berlin: "Za ku iya ganin kyawawan siffofi na mata, sun dogara ne akan Minne da Maillol, amma har yanzu suna da rayuwarsu. Nazarin hoton da Margarete Hoenerbach ya yi yana da kyau, [...]" (Der Sturm) <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Volume 1911 - Japan Chronicle Weekly Edition &gt; Date 12 October 1911 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2214-9627_jc-japanchronicle-1911-19111012 |doi=10.1163/2214-9627_jc-japanchronicle-1911-19111012 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-07-05}}</ref> Ciwon ido ya kai ta daga zane da zane-zane zuwa zane-zane. Ga Technische Hochschule a Charlottenburg (yanzu Technische Universität Berlin) ta kirkiro abin tunawa ga shugaban makarantar Guido Hauck da kabarinsa. Ta mutu a 1924 a Berlin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 7c7280x0nqiwmb61vwbdkymmngo0qib 0 164963 905205 2026-08-20T18:56:20Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324157094|Amalia von Schattenhofer]]" 905205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amalia von Schattenhofer''', an haife ta '''Amalia Schweinhammer-Baader''' (1763-1840) ta kasance mai tara fasahar Jamus kuma mai zane-zane. An haife ta a Erding ga likita, Georg Schewinhammer, wanda ya mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara takwas, Amalie ta karbi mahaifinta, [[Ferdinand Maria Baader]], wanda mahaifiyarta ba da daɗewa ba ta auri, kuma ta ɗauki sunansa. Ta kasance ɗalibar Johann Jakob Dorner the Elder, wanda ya ba da umarnin zane-zane a [[München|Munich]], kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na horar da ita ta kwafe zane-zanen Dutch da Italiyanci a cikin tarin. A shekara ta 1790, tare da goyon bayan [[Johann Andreas Stein]], ta zama mace ta biyu mai daraja a cikin [[Augsburger Kunstakademie]] . Mijinta shi ne Kanzler des Münchner Damenstiftes St. Anna . Von Schattenhofer ya samar da hotuna da yawa a cikin launi da kuma a cikin pastel. Wadannan an zana su, kamar yadda aka yi kofe da yawa bayan aikin Georg Friedrich Schmidt; duk an sanya hannu tare da alamar "AB". Sauran kwafin, bayan aikin irin waɗannan masu fasaha kamar Guido Reni da [[Angelica Kauffman]], an kuma san su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schattenhofer, Amalia von; 1765–1840; Kupferstecherin (PND 129247448) |url=http://personen.digitale-sammlungen.de/pnd/bsb00000274_00147-00.html |access-date=30 July 2017 |website=personen.digitale-sammlungen.de}}</ref> Saitin zane-zane a halin yanzu yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philadelphia Museum of Art |title=Philadelphia Museum of Art – Collections : Search Collections |url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/results.html?searchTxt=&bSuggest=1&searchNameID=5534 |access-date=30 July 2017 |website=www.philamuseum.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == benwo5wscklggql4l6nk8xiyqm0qv6t 905206 905205 2026-08-20T18:56:49Z Nnamadee 31123 905206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amalia von Schattenhofer''', an haife ta '''Amalia Schweinhammer-Baader''' (1763-1840) ta kasance mai tara fasahar Jamus kuma mai zane-zane. An haife ta a Erding ga likita, Georg Schewinhammer, wanda ya mutu lokacin da take 'yar shekara takwas, Amalie ta karbi mahaifinta, [[Ferdinand Maria Baader]], wanda mahaifiyarta ba da daɗewa ba ta auri, kuma ta ɗauki sunansa. Ta kasance ɗalibar Johann Jakob Dorner the Elder, wanda ya ba da umarnin zane-zane a [[München|Munich]], kuma a matsayin wani ɓangare na horar da ita ta kwafe zane-zanen Dutch da Italiyanci a cikin tarin. A shekara ta 1790, tare da goyon bayan [[Johann Andreas Stein]], ta zama mace ta biyu mai daraja a cikin [[Augsburger Kunstakademie]] . Mijinta shi ne Kanzler des Münchner Damenstiftes St. Anna . Von Schattenhofer ya samar da hotuna da yawa a cikin launi da kuma a cikin pastel. Wadannan an zana su, kamar yadda aka yi kofe da yawa bayan aikin Georg Friedrich Schmidt; duk an sanya hannu tare da alamar "AB". Sauran kwafin, bayan aikin irin waɗannan masu fasaha kamar Guido Reni da [[Angelica Kauffman]], an kuma san su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Schattenhofer, Amalia von; 1765–1840; Kupferstecherin (PND 129247448) |url=http://personen.digitale-sammlungen.de/pnd/bsb00000274_00147-00.html |access-date=30 July 2017 |website=personen.digitale-sammlungen.de}}</ref> Saitin zane-zane a halin yanzu yana cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Philadelphia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Philadelphia Museum of Art |title=Philadelphia Museum of Art – Collections : Search Collections |url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/results.html?searchTxt=&bSuggest=1&searchNameID=5534 |access-date=30 July 2017 |website=www.philamuseum.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == fe8ur709txfsmiapsae03pj1sqsha4q 0 164964 905207 2026-08-20T18:58:17Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363359041|Julie Wilhelmine Hagen-Schwarz]]" 905207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julie Wilhelmine Hagen-Schwarz''' (2 Oktoba [ 5] - 20 Oktoba [O".S. 7] ) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Baltic German, da farko na hotuna.<ref name="postimees">{{Cite web |last=Reinart |first=Heili |title=Tunnustatuim naiskunstnik meie maal – tartlanna Julie von Hagen-Schwarzi kunstile ja armastusele pühendatud elu |url=https://sobranna.postimees.ee/4203735/tunnustatuim-naiskunstnik-meie-maal-tartlanna-julie-von-hagen-schwarzi-kunstile-ja-armastusele-puhendatud-elu |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=postimees.ee}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Ita 'yar mai zane ne Agusta Matthias Hagen; <ref name="ESTER">{{Cite web |title=Julie Wilhelmine Emilie Hagen-Schwarz (1824-1902) |url=http://utlib.ut.ee/kogud/bskunst/schwartz.htm |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=e-kataloogi ESTER}}</ref> an haife ta ne yayin da iyayenta ke kan tafiya ta zane. Ta nuna sha'awar zane tun da wuri, don haka mahaifinta bai ɓata lokaci ba wajen ba ta darussan. Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantun jama'a, ta shiga Jami'ar Dorpat (yanzu Jami'ar Tartu), inda ba da daɗewa ba ta janyo hankalin zane-zane. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta sami tallafi don karatu a Jamus. Ta fara ne tare da Friedrich Gonne a Dresden, sannan ta tafi Munich, ta sami matsayi a cikin bita na Moritz Rugendas . Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta koma Tartu kuma ta sami wani tallafi daga Tsar Nicholas I don karatu a Italiya. A wannan lokacin, mahaifinta ya kasance tare da ita, wanda ke fatan cewa yanayin Italiya zai taimaka masa ya gaza. A shekara ta 1854 ta koma gida, <ref name="E-Kunstisalong">{{Cite web |title=Julie Wilhelmine Hagen-Schwarz |url=http://www.e-kunstisalong.ee/?e=oksjonid&o=16&num=2 |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=E-Kunstisalong}}</ref> tuni sanannen mai zane saboda shiga cikin nune-nunen da yawa a duk faɗin Turai. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta auri masanin taurari Ludwig Schwarz, wanda daga baya ya zama Darakta na wurin lura da gida. Tafiyar amarya ta kunshi balaguro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Siberia, wanda ya rufe 600 versts, inda mijinta ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar da ke bincika albarkatun ma'adinai da shirya cikakken taswirar a madadin Russian Geographical Society. Kamar yadda za a iya tsammani, ta yi amfani da damar don zana duk abin da ke da sha'awa. A shekara ta 1858, ta zama mace ta farko ta Rasha da aka zaba a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Imperial . Bayan haka, ta shafe yawancin lokacinta a Saint Petersburg, tana shiga cikin dukkan nune-nunen gida da na kasa. Gabaɗaya, ta samar da hotuna sama da 700. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> Fayil:Hagen-Schwarz,_Julie._Kunstnik_August_Hageni_portree.jpg|''August Matthias Hagen'', the painter's father, 1870s Fayil:Ludwig_Schwarz_1870.jpg|Portrait of her husband (1870) Fayil:Хаген-Шварц_портрет_девочки.jpg|Portrait of a Young Girl (1870s) Fayil:Julie_Hagen-Schwarz_-_Italian_Maiden_On_Her_Way_To_Rome.jpg|Italian Maiden on her Way to Rome (c.1850) Fayil:Schwarz_1851.jpg|Mandolin Player (1851) </gallery> == Manazarta == 3waclw9e8h64mwnqrd85qsoek1qel6w 905208 905207 2026-08-20T18:58:38Z Nnamadee 31123 905208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julie Wilhelmine Hagen-Schwarz''' (2 Oktoba [ 5] - 20 Oktoba [O".S. 7] ) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Baltic German, da farko na hotuna.<ref name="postimees">{{Cite web |last=Reinart |first=Heili |title=Tunnustatuim naiskunstnik meie maal – tartlanna Julie von Hagen-Schwarzi kunstile ja armastusele pühendatud elu |url=https://sobranna.postimees.ee/4203735/tunnustatuim-naiskunstnik-meie-maal-tartlanna-julie-von-hagen-schwarzi-kunstile-ja-armastusele-puhendatud-elu |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=postimees.ee}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Ita 'yar mai zane ne Agusta Matthias Hagen; <ref name="ESTER">{{Cite web |title=Julie Wilhelmine Emilie Hagen-Schwarz (1824-1902) |url=http://utlib.ut.ee/kogud/bskunst/schwartz.htm |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=e-kataloogi ESTER}}</ref> an haife ta ne yayin da iyayenta ke kan tafiya ta zane. Ta nuna sha'awar zane tun da wuri, don haka mahaifinta bai ɓata lokaci ba wajen ba ta darussan. Bayan kammala karatunta daga makarantun jama'a, ta shiga Jami'ar Dorpat (yanzu Jami'ar Tartu), inda ba da daɗewa ba ta janyo hankalin zane-zane. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta sami tallafi don karatu a Jamus. Ta fara ne tare da Friedrich Gonne a Dresden, sannan ta tafi Munich, ta sami matsayi a cikin bita na Moritz Rugendas . Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta koma Tartu kuma ta sami wani tallafi daga Tsar Nicholas I don karatu a Italiya. A wannan lokacin, mahaifinta ya kasance tare da ita, wanda ke fatan cewa yanayin Italiya zai taimaka masa ya gaza. A shekara ta 1854 ta koma gida, <ref name="E-Kunstisalong">{{Cite web |title=Julie Wilhelmine Hagen-Schwarz |url=http://www.e-kunstisalong.ee/?e=oksjonid&o=16&num=2 |access-date=13 May 2018 |website=E-Kunstisalong}}</ref> tuni sanannen mai zane saboda shiga cikin nune-nunen da yawa a duk faɗin Turai. Ba da daɗewa ba, ta auri masanin taurari Ludwig Schwarz, wanda daga baya ya zama Darakta na wurin lura da gida. Tafiyar amarya ta kunshi balaguro zuwa kudu maso gabashin Siberia, wanda ya rufe 600 versts, inda mijinta ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar da ke bincika albarkatun ma'adinai da shirya cikakken taswirar a madadin Russian Geographical Society. Kamar yadda za a iya tsammani, ta yi amfani da damar don zana duk abin da ke da sha'awa. A shekara ta 1858, ta zama mace ta farko ta Rasha da aka zaba a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Imperial . Bayan haka, ta shafe yawancin lokacinta a Saint Petersburg, tana shiga cikin dukkan nune-nunen gida da na kasa. Gabaɗaya, ta samar da hotuna sama da 700. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="200"> Fayil:Hagen-Schwarz,_Julie._Kunstnik_August_Hageni_portree.jpg|''August Matthias Hagen'', the painter's father, 1870s Fayil:Ludwig_Schwarz_1870.jpg|Portrait of her husband (1870) Fayil:Хаген-Шварц_портрет_девочки.jpg|Portrait of a Young Girl (1870s) Fayil:Julie_Hagen-Schwarz_-_Italian_Maiden_On_Her_Way_To_Rome.jpg|Italian Maiden on her Way to Rome (c.1850) Fayil:Schwarz_1851.jpg|Mandolin Player (1851) </gallery> == Manazarta == sgwutlslcffcx6f6d47zo267h13g5ot 0 164965 905210 2026-08-20T18:59:46Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1321838516|Dorothea Schwartz Zimmer]]" 905210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dorothea Schwartz Zimmer''' ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane a kusa da shekara ta 1800. 'Yar mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Johann Christian August Schwartz|de}}, Zimmer ta auri mai zane da zane [[Johann Samuel Zimmer]] ; bayan mutuwarsa ta auri ɗan uwanta, mai zane Joseph Dantieux. Tana aiki a [[Göttingen]], inda mijinta na farko ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Göttingen|jami'a]], an yi mata rikodin a lokacin rayuwarta a matsayin mai zane-zanen hoto wanda ke aiki a fannin mai da pastel, kuma ta samar da shimfidar wurare . Wata majiya ta kuma ce ta zana ƙananan hotuna . Babu wani daga cikin ayyukanta da aka san ya tsira, amma an sanya ta a matsayin mai zane na shugaban Samuel Taylor Coleridge tun daga kusan 1799 kuma a halin yanzu an danganta ta da wani mai zane da ba a san sunansa ba. <ref name="PastellistsBefore1800" /> == Manazarta == 0iky3ohx1fxngftuj0m0g0kbpmebe9x 905212 905210 2026-08-20T19:00:24Z Nnamadee 31123 905212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dorothea Schwartz Zimmer''' ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane a kusa da shekara ta 1800. 'Yar mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Johann Christian August Schwartz|de}}, Zimmer ta auri mai zane da zane [[Johann Samuel Zimmer]] ; bayan mutuwarsa ta auri ɗan uwanta, mai zane Joseph Dantieux. Tana aiki a [[Göttingen]], inda mijinta na farko ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Göttingen|jami'a]], an yi mata rikodin a lokacin rayuwarta a matsayin mai zane-zanen hoto wanda ke aiki a fannin mai da pastel, kuma ta samar da shimfidar wurare . Wata majiya ta kuma ce ta zana ƙananan hotuna . Babu wani daga cikin ayyukanta da aka san ya tsira, amma an sanya ta a matsayin mai zane na shugaban Samuel Taylor Coleridge tun daga kusan 1799 kuma a halin yanzu an danganta ta da wani mai zane da ba a san sunansa ba. <ref name="PastellistsBefore1800" /> == Manazarta == {{Databox}} h1ybgx3afo5uytp1uzd92yy1oqs42a4 905213 905212 2026-08-20T19:01:36Z Nnamadee 31123 905213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dorothea Schwartz Zimmer''' ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane a kusa da shekara ta 1800. 'Yar mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Johann Christian August Schwartz|de}}, Zimmer ta auri mai zane da zane [[Johann Samuel Zimmer]] ; bayan mutuwarsa ta auri ɗan uwanta, mai zane Joseph Dantieux. Tana aiki a [[Göttingen]], inda mijinta na farko ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Göttingen|jami'a]], an yi mata rikodin a lokacin rayuwarta a matsayin mai zane-zanen hoto wanda ke aiki a fannin mai da pastel, kuma ta samar da shimfidar wurare . Wata majiya ta kuma ce ta zana ƙananan hotuna . Babu wani daga cikin ayyukanta da aka san ya tsira, amma an sanya ta a matsayin mai zane na shugaban Samuel Taylor Coleridge tun daga kusan 1799 kuma a halin yanzu an danganta ta da wani mai zane da ba a san sunansa ba.<ref>Profile in the Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800</ref> == Manazarta == {{Databox}} ey4kfoqhq9afqihia8zd1gbrsn4ed68 905214 905213 2026-08-20T19:02:49Z Nnamadee 31123 905214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dorothea Schwartz Zimmer''' ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane a kusa da shekara ta 1800. 'Yar mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Johann Christian August Schwartz|de}}, Zimmer ta auri mai zane da zane [[Johann Samuel Zimmer]] ; bayan mutuwarsa ta auri ɗan uwanta, mai zane Joseph Dantieux. Tana aiki a [[Göttingen]], inda mijinta na farko ya koyar a [[Jami'ar Göttingen|jami'a]], an yi mata rikodin a lokacin rayuwarta a matsayin mai zane-zanen hoto wanda ke aiki a fannin mai da pastel, kuma ta samar da shimfidar wurare . Wata majiya ta kuma ce ta zana ƙananan hotuna.<ref>Leo R. Schidlof (1964). The Miniature in Europe in the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt.</ref> Babu wani daga cikin ayyukanta da aka san ya tsira, amma an sanya ta a matsayin mai zane na shugaban Samuel Taylor Coleridge tun daga kusan 1799 kuma a halin yanzu an danganta ta da wani mai zane da ba a san sunansa ba.<ref>Profile in the Dictionary of Pastellists Before 1800</ref> == Manazarta == {{Databox}} atg2y3lpmcwdcrqvtrkwygglovg3w1n 0 164966 905230 2026-08-20T19:22:53Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617394|Elisabeth Borchers]]" 905230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabeth Borchers''' (27 Fabrairu 1926 - 25 Satumba 2013) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Rayuwa == An haifi Borchers a Homberg a 1926 kuma ya rayu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a Alsace . Ta rubuta fiction da shayari da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kuma rubuta wa yara kuma ta fassara daga Faransanci. Littafinta ''Gedichte'' (Waƙoƙi) ya lashe lambar yabo ta Roswitha von Gandersheim a shekara ta 1976, lambar yabo da aka ba wa fitattun mata marubuta a Jamusanci. Ta yi aiki ga masu bugawa har zuwa 1998 inda ta taimaka wa wanda ya lashe kyautar [[Kyautar Nobel|Nobel]] Wislawa Szymborska . Borchers ya mutu a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a shekarar 2013. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] stqbo2znt3th9k0l0yagtoagihhakvj 905231 905230 2026-08-20T19:23:13Z Usman saadu 46863 905231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elisabeth Borchers''' (27 Fabrairu 1926 - 25 Satumba 2013) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Rayuwa == An haifi Borchers a Homberg a 1926 kuma ya rayu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a Alsace . Ta rubuta fiction da shayari da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kuma rubuta wa yara kuma ta fassara daga Faransanci. Littafinta ''Gedichte'' (Waƙoƙi) ya lashe lambar yabo ta Roswitha von Gandersheim a shekara ta 1976, lambar yabo da aka ba wa fitattun mata marubuta a Jamusanci. Ta yi aiki ga masu bugawa har zuwa 1998 inda ta taimaka wa wanda ya lashe kyautar [[Kyautar Nobel|Nobel]] Wislawa Szymborska . Borchers ya mutu a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a shekarar 2013. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] af6sl53mnx9bdooez3n2cccaz9qu9s1 905232 905231 2026-08-20T19:23:59Z Usman saadu 46863 905232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elisabeth Borchers''' (27 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1926 - 25 Satumba 2013) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Rayuwa == An haifi Borchers a Homberg a 1926 kuma ya rayu a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a Alsace . Ta rubuta fiction da shayari da wasan kwaikwayo. Ta kuma rubuta wa yara kuma ta fassara daga Faransanci. Littafinta ''Gedichte'' (Waƙoƙi) ya lashe lambar yabo ta Roswitha von Gandersheim a shekara ta 1976, lambar yabo da aka ba wa fitattun mata marubuta a Jamusanci. Ta yi aiki ga masu bugawa har zuwa 1998 inda ta taimaka wa wanda ya lashe kyautar [[Kyautar Nobel|Nobel]] Wislawa Szymborska . Borchers ya mutu a [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt da Main]] a shekarar 2013. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] e1u3ftl55yv8yumevmpokqmkmq5seng 0 164967 905233 2026-08-20T19:30:01Z Saad Nuhu 43323 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368281919|2003 Canberra bushfires]]" 905233 wikitext text/x-wiki   Gobarar daji ta Canberra ta shekarar 2003 ta haifar da mummunar barna ga unguwanni da yankunan da ke wajen Canberra, babban birnin Australia, a tsakanin ranakun 18 zuwa 22 ga Janairu, 2003. Kusan kashi 70% na wuraren kiwo, gonakin itatuwan pine, da wuraren shakatawa na halitta na Australian Capital Territory (ACT) sun lalace sosai,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> Haka kuma, an lalata yawancin Mount Stromlo Observatory. Bayan gobarar ta shafe mako guda tana ci gaba da konewa a kewayen ACT, gobarar ta shiga cikin unguwannin Canberra a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A cikin sa’o’i goma da suka biyo baya, mutane huɗu sun mutu, fiye da mutane 490 sun ji raunuka, kuma gidaje sama da 500. sun lalace ko kuma suka samu mummunar barna. Hakan ya sa aka buƙaci babban yunƙuri na ba da agajin gaggawa da kuma sake gina wuraren da gobarar ta lalata,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> == Gina zuwa taron == [[Fayil:2003_bushfire_progress-MJC.gif|right|thumb|409x409px|Taswirar da ke nuna ci gaban gobarar a tsawon lokaci]] A ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2003, walkiya ta haifar da gobara guda huɗu a New South Wales, a ɗaya gefen iyaka amma kusa da Canberra. Duk da kasancewarsu kusa da Canberra, da kuma cewa waɗannan gobarar sun fara ne da ƙananan wurare sosai, ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma saurin yaɗuwarsu ya yi ƙasa, jami’an hukumar agajin gaggawa ta New South Wales ba su kashe ko dakile su ba. Binciken da aka gudanar daga baya kan gobarar daji, ciki har da rahoton Roche, binciken McLeod, da Rahoton Coroner (Coroners Report), ya gano cewa rashin kyakkyawan tsarin gudanar da martanin farko na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen haifar da bala’in da ya faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A ranar 13 ga Janairu, wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu kirar Bell Jet Ranger, wanda yake amfani da ruwa wajen yaƙar gobarar daji a cikin gandun da ke yammacin Canberra, ya faɗa cikin Bendora Dam, inda mutum ɗaya, wato matukin jirgin Duncan Patrick, ya ji rauni. A lokacin da hatsarin ya faru, matukin jirgin yana cike bokitin ruwa daga madatsar ruwan. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope, da Babban Jami’in Kula da Gobara na ACT, Peter Lucas-Smith, suna duba gobarar da ke kusa a lokacin wani aikin sa ido na yau da kullum kan gobarar daji, suna cikin jirgin Snowy Hydro SouthCare. Wani ma’aikacin lafiya na tawagar ceto ta SouthCare mai suna Euan McKenzie ya fitar da matukin jirgin da ya suma daga cikin tarkacen jirgin da yake nutsewa. Sai dai saboda nauyin tufafinsa da kuma rashin rigar taimakon iyo, ya kasa fitar da shi daga cikin ruwan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gee |first=Steve |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister's mayday rescue - Three pull chopper pilot from dam |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister swims to save pilot - dramatic helicopter rescue |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=1}}</ref> Matukin jirgin SouthCare ya taka-tsantsan wajen sanya jirginsa a wani matsayi da ya ba Stanhope, Lucas-Smith da wani ma’aikacin jinya (paramedic) damar tsalle cikin madatsar ruwan. Sun kawo matukin jirgin da ya ji rauni zuwa gabar ruwa, nisan kusan mita 60, domin Lucas-Smith da McKenzie su yi masa aikin farfaɗowa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=ACT leader a hero in chopper rescue |work=Gold Coast Bulletin |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Southcare crew first on scene |work=The Canberra Times |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope helps save pilot |work=The Canberra Times |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope shrugs off hero praise; 'I felt inadequate' |work=The Canberra Times |page=2}}</ref> Matukin jirgin ya samu raunin kai, kuma an yi masa tiyatar gaggawa a Asibitin Canberra. Dukansu Stanhope da Lucas-Smith sun sami lambar yabo ta ceto ta Royal Life Saving Society don tunawa da jaruntakarsu a ceto. McKenzie ta sami lambar yabo mafi girma ta al'umma, Bravery Cross, wanda ya amince da yin ceto a cikin yanayin ruwa a yanayin da ke barazana ga rayuwar mai ceto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Honours - Royal Life Saving |url=http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618020246/http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.royallifesaving.com.au |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, Ofishin Kula da Ayyuka na Gaggawa (ESB) ya fitar da fitowar kafofin watsa labarai ta ƙarshe kafin 18 ga watan Janairun, da karfe 8:50 na yamma.Wannan sanarwar ga manema labarai ta bambanta da duk wata sanarwa da aka fitar a baya, ta fuskar tsari da kuma abin da ta ƙunsa. Haka kuma, ta bayar da wasu alamu da aka yi watsi da su lokacin da ake tantance irin haɗarin da Canberra ke fuskanta. Misali, wani sashe na sanarwar ya bayyana cewa ana mayar da wuraren tattara da shirya kayan tallafin yaƙi da gobarar daji daga Bulls Head da Orroral Valley (waɗanda suke nesa sosai da yankunan birnin Canberra) zuwa North Curtin District Playing Fields (wanda yake cikin yankunan birnin sosai),<ref>{{citation|title=The Canberra Firestore|volume=1|chapter=5|page=307}}</ref> Wannan sauyin wuri ya nuna cewa ma’aikatan kashe gobara suna yin wani babban ja da baya, tare da nuna cewa babban haɗari yana gab da fuskantar birnin da kansa. == Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu == [[Fayil:2003_Canberra_Firestorm-Woden.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Cibiyar Birnin Woden]] [[Fayil:Canberra_hills-18-01-2003.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Duwatsun da ke kusa da Canberra sun cika da wuta a lokacin gobarar daji.]] [[Fayil:ACTFB_firefighters-2003Firestorm.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Masu kashe gobara na ACTFB suna karbar bakuncin rufin Ofishin Ayyukan Gaggawa.]] Asabar 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta kasance mai zafi, iska da bushe. Yanayin zafi har zuwa {{Convert|40|C|F|0}} ° C (104 ° F) da iskõki da suka wuce kilomita 80 a kowace awa (50 mil a kowace awa), tare da ƙananan zafi na dangi, sune manyan siffofin yanayi na rana. Wutar ta ci gaba da ƙonewa a cikin Namadgi National Park, tare da duk wurin shakatawa, tare da Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, an rufe shi saboda barazanar. Wutar ta biyu, a cikin Brindabella Ranges, tana barazanar karya layin hanawa. Da karfe 9 na safe a ranar Asabar 18 ga Janairu, ganyen da aka ƙone sun bayyana a kan ciyawa a cikin gidaje a cikin Weston Creek, Kambah, da Tuggeranong da ke kan iyakar yammacin Canberra. &nbsp;Da karfe 10 na safe, jirage masu saukar ungulu na labarai suna tashi sama da Duffy kuma suna ba da rahoton labarai game da gobarar tsakanin jihohi da na duniya.&nbsp; A duk ranar, gobarar ta ƙone kusa da iyakar unguwanni na Canberra, kuma babu wata alama ta hukumomi da ke samun iko da halin da ake ciki. Da misalin karfe 2 na yamma, 'yan sanda sun kwashe garin Tharwa zuwa kudancin Canberra.&nbsp; Da tsakar rana, ya zama bayyananne cewa gobarar ta haifar da barazana ga ƙauyuka kusa da Canberra, kamar Uriarra da Stromlo, da kuma gidaje a kan birni. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope ya ayyana dokar ta baci a karfe 2.45 na yamma.&nbsp; Wutar ta kai yankin birni da karfe 3 na yamma. &nbsp;An watsa shawarwarin gargadi na gaggawa na farko jim kadan bayan haka, a rediyo da talabijin, tare da shawarwarin da aka sabunta a duk rana. Wadannan shawarwari, tare da Standard Emergency Warning Signal sun bayyana cewa wani gagarumin "ƙazayewa" na yanayin wuta a cikin ACT ya faru kuma ya sanya yankuna da yawa a faɗakarwa don kwashewa. Yayin da ranar ta ci gaba, waɗannan shawarwari sun ba da shawarar kwashe yankuna da yawa (wanda 'yan sanda suka tilasta a ƙasa) kuma sun sanya mafi yawan yankunan Canberra a wasu matakan faɗakarwa. A yanzu, gobarar ta kai ga iyakar yankuna da yawa, tana kewaye da Tharwa, kuma tana barazanar tarihin Lanyon Homestead, wanda ke karbar bakuncin bikin aure kuma yana karewa da motar wuta guda ɗaya. Da karfe 3.50 na yamma, wasu gidaje sun kone a unguwar Duffy da Chapman, tare da asarar gida a Holder ba da daɗewa ba. &nbsp;Wani rukuni na Brigade na Wutar Lantarki na ACT, yana ganin wuta daga wani wuri a Fyshwick, ya karkatar da umarnin mai kula da rediyo ya yi watsi da alamun kuma ya kasance a inda suke. Rukunin sun tafi Duffy, suna ƙoƙarin faɗakar da masu kula da mazauna game da haɗarin da ke gabatowa. An kama wannan rukunin a gaban wuta a kan Warragamba Avenue a Duffy da misalin karfe 4.10 na yamma, bayan ya ceci akalla mazauna biyu. &nbsp;Dukkanin ma'aikatan da mazauna sun tilasta tserewa daga kayan lokacin da gobarar ta tashi. Saboda lalacewar wuta ga ababen more rayuwa da matsanancin iska da ke kawo layin wutar lantarki a fadin yankin, manyan sassan birnin sun rasa wutar lantarki. Wutar ta kuma fara ne a Giralang saboda matsalolin wutar lantarki. An kafa cibiyoyin kwashewa a makarantu huɗu - Kwalejin Canberra, Kwalejin Sakandare ta UC Lake Ginninderra (sa'an nan Kwalejin Lake Ginnindaerra), Kwalejin Erindale, da Kwalejin Narrabundah. Wani girgije mai duhu ya rataye a kan birnin, kuma, kodayake ba a cikin haɗari ba, an rufe gidan majalisar. Da karfe 5 na yamma, an ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje a Duffy, Chapman, Kambah, Holder, da Rivett, da kuma karamin gandun daji na Uriarra. &nbsp;Daga baya aka gano cewa wanda ya fara fama da gobarar, wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Dorothy McGrath, ta mutu a kusa da Stromlo Forestry Settlement a arewacin Duffy. Tserewa ga mazauna ƙauyen ya sami cikas saboda gargadi mara kyau da kuma wurin da aka ƙauyen yake, kewaye da gandun daji. Wutar da ta yi a yankin Michelago ta tilasta rufe babbar Hanyar Monaro zuwa Canberra. Wutar ta bazu ta yankin Kambah Pool da kuma cikin unguwar Kambah, ta haifar da lalacewa ga gidaje da yawa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin wuta na ACT. Wutar ta bazu ta hanyar filin shakatawa, ta haye hanyar Tuggeranong Parkway da Sulwood Drive da ke mamaye Dutsen Taylor. A cikin sa'a guda, gidaje ma suna ƙonewa a Torrens, a kan gangaren Dutsen Taylor, da kuma Weston. A wannan lokacin, gobarar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ababen more rayuwa na birnin. An yanke wutar lantarki zuwa yankuna da yawa. Wadannan katsewa sun shafi hedikwatar Ofishin Kula da Gaggawa a Curtin da Asibitin Canberra (wanda ke gudana a kan janareto na baya), wanda ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mutanen da ke fama da ƙonewa da shan hayaki. A Curtin, hedkwatar ESA tana cikin haɗari daga gobarar. Tare da ikon tallafi da ke samuwa kawai ga Cibiyar Sadarwa, an tilasta ma'aikata da yawa su yi aiki a kan tebur a waje yayin da ma'aikatan Sojojin Sojoji suka shirya ginin. Daga baya aka lura cewa ESB na iya motsa ayyukanta daga haɗari zuwa wasu wuraren sabis na gaggawa kamar AFP Winchester Center ko Tuggeranong Police Station.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ruwa, iskar gas, magudanar ruwa, da sadarwa sun sha wahala sosai. Ruwa, iskar gas, da sadarwa ta ƙasa ba su samuwa ga yankuna da yawa ba saboda lalacewar layin samarwa da tafkunan birni. Sadarwar wayar salula ta sha wahala sosai saboda karuwar zirga-zirga, wanda ya haifar da mummunar rikici ga hanyoyin sadarwar wayar saluka da kuma rediyo da hanyoyin aikawa na ESA. Wani kasuwancin janareta na gida daga baya ya ba da rahoton a shafin yanar gizon su cewa toka da hayaki sun kasance masu ƙarfi sosai, cewa wasu janareto na diesel a cibiyoyin sadarwa da bayanai sun kasa samar da isasshen wutar lantarki saboda matattarar iska da ke toshewa. Akalla matattarar iska mai janareta ɗaya ta ƙone yayin da ta tsotse ganye masu ƙonewa da ke hurawa a cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Wutar ta shafi wani bangare na Cibiyar Kula da Ingancin Ruwa ta Lower Molonglo (LMWQCC), wanda ke da alhakin kula da datti da ruwa mai guba kafin a sake shi cikin Kogin Molonglo. Ayyukan masana'antar sun lalace saboda lalacewar wuta, wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da yiwuwar sakin datti a cikin Kogin Molonglo, saboda ajiyar ajiyar masana'antar na iya riƙe rana ɗaya kawai. Koyaya, rashin albarkatu da gazawar kayan aiki ga ma'aikatan da ke kare shuka na iya haifar da bala'i, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin shaidar Danny Camilleri a cikin binciken da Coroner Maria Doogan ya yi game da gobarar. Camilleri ya shaida cewa ma'aikatansa sun isa don samun yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shuka a wuta, tare da haɗarin wuta da ke jefa abubuwa masu haɗari da aka adana a shuka don magance sharar gida, gami da chlorine. Ya bayyana cewa idan gobarar ta haifar da fashewa a cikin tankunan chlorine, da ta haifar da "girgije mai guba wanda zai busa zuwa Canberra wanda ke buƙatar kwashewar jama'a".<ref name="firestorm" /> Da karfe 10 na yamma, daya daga cikin cibiyoyin kwashewa guda hudu a Canberra ya cika gaba daya, kuma sauran suna cikawa da sauri. &nbsp;Rahotanni na fashi sun fara zuwa daga wuraren da suka lalace. Dukansu Firayim Minista John Howard da Gwamna Janar Peter Hollingworth sun canza shirye-shiryen su don komawa Canberra da wuri-wuri.   Duk da yake mafi munin gobarar ya wuce, halin da ake ciki har yanzu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana zuwa ranar Lahadi, 19 ga Janairu, gidaje har yanzu suna ƙonewa a fadin unguwanni da yawa. === Guguwar wuta === Labarin farko da aka rubuta na [[Fire whirl|guguwar wuta]] a Ostiraliya ya kasance a lokacin gobarar daji ta Canberra ta 2003. An lissafa shi don samun iskõki na kwance na {{Convert|250|km/h}} km / h (160 da saurin iska na tsaye na {{Convert|150|km/h}} km / h (93 , wanda ya haifar da juyawa na iska daga girgije na pyrocumulonimbus kuma ya haifar da haskakawa na hekta 120 (300 acres) a cikin 0.04 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire tornado video |url=http://esa.act.gov.au/emergency-management/fire-tornado-video/ |publisher=ACT Emergency Services}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce guguwar wuta ta farko da aka sani da ke da saurin iska na EF3 a kan sikelin Enhanced Fujita kuma ita ce kawai da aka sani har zuwa 2018 Carr Fire a California. [[Fayil:Bushfires_Australia_Jan_22_2003.jpg|thumb|Hoton NASA na kudu maso gabashin Australia, yana nuna gobarar da har yanzu ke cin wuta, 22 Janairu]] Da yammacin ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, ya bayyana a fili cewa mafi munin unguwar da aka yi wa rauni ita ce Duffy, inda aka lalata gidaje 200+, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canberra Bushfires Fieldwork |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530172505/http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2008 |access-date=20 April 2008 |website=Geoscience Australia |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> kuma mutane hudu sun mutu: Alison Tener, 38, Peter Brooke, 74, da Douglas Fraser, 60, da Dorothy McGrath, 76, na Dutsen Stromlo Forestry Settlement (a zahiri wani ɓangare na Duffy). Rashin rayuwa, lalacewar dukiya, da lalacewar gandun daji a yammacin birnin ya haifar da ba kawai asarar tattalin arziki ba amma tasirin zamantakewa. [[Fayil:Canberra_bushfire_map-MJC.png|thumb|292x292px|Taswirar da ke nuna adadin ACT da gobarar ta ƙone]] Wutar daji ta yi mummunar cutar da ciyayi na Kogin Cotter kuma ta haifar da matsalolin ingancin ruwa a cikin madatsun ruwa guda uku a cikin ruwa: Corin, Bendora da Cotter Dams. Wani lokaci bayan gobarar, turbidity a cikin ruwa saboda silt da ash daga gandun daji da ke kewaye da su ya nuna Canberra ya dogara da madatsar ruwan Googong a kan Kogin Queanbeyan, wanda gobarar ba ta shafa ba. Idan aka ba da fari da karancin ruwa, wannan ya rage yawan ruwan Canberra zuwa kusan 15% na ɗan lokaci. An buƙaci haɓakawa zuwa Stromlo Water Treatment Plant daga baya don ba da damar ƙarin tace ruwa don magance ƙarancin inganci a nan gaba. === Dutsen Stromlo === [[Fayil:The_Astronomer_at_Questacon.jpg|right|thumb|286x286px|''Masanin taurari'' a Questacon .]] Wataƙila mafi shahara daga cikin asara ta fuskar al’adu da kimiyya da gobarar ta haddasa ita ce lalacewar shahararren Mount Stromlo Observatory, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics na Jami’ar Ƙasa ta Ostareliya (ANU). Gobarar ta 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta lalata yawancin cibiyar. (Australian National University) An lalata na’urorin hangen nesa guda biyar masu muhimmancin tarihi, tare da bita-bitan kera kayan aiki da injiniyanci, ɗakin karatu na cibiyar, da manyan gine-ginen gudanarwa. Haka kuma, gidajen ma’aikata da wasu sauran gine-gine sun lalace. (Open Research Repository) Cibiyar baƙi, wadda ake kira '''“Exploratory”''', kuma take ɗauke da nune-nunen jama’a da gidan abinci, ta tsira daga gobarar ba tare da babbar barna ba, duk da cewa tana kusa da gangaren da gobarar ta ratsa da ƙarfi. '''Farnham Telescope''' shi ne kawai babban na’urar hangen nesa da ta tsira daga gobarar 2003 ba tare da lalacewa ba. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) A yau, an sake gina wasu sassan Mount Stromlo Observatory, amma manyan na’urorin hangen nesa na binciken kimiyya na ANU yanzu suna aiki ne a '''Siding Spring Observatory'''. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) [[Fayil:Mt_Stromlo_Obs1.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Gidan kallo watanni 20 bayan haka.]] Biyan inshora da Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya (ANU) ta nema, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 75 na Australiya, zai iya zama babbar da'awar inshora a tarihin Australiya. Koyaya, a watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, yayin shari'a a Kotun Koli ta ACT, kamfanonin inshora guda uku sun zauna a waje da kotu, suna biyan ANU adadin da ba a bayyana ba. Wani da'awar da ya shafi dillalin inshora na ANU, Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd, don rashin sabunta inshora a kan wasu gine-gine, an kuma daidaita shi don adadin da ba a bayyana ba a watan Yunin 2011. Mai zane-zane na Canberra Tim Wetherell ya ba da izini daga ANU <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stromlo Orrery Project |url=http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113005217/http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |archive-date=13 November 2008 |access-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> don samar da wani mutum-mutumi daga rushewar Dutsen Stromlo telescopes. An gama siffar da ake kira "The Astronomer" kuma an shigar da shi a cikin Triangle na Majalisar a waje da Questacon. Yana wakiltar manufar parallax na taurari. == Abin tunawa da Bushfire == [[Fayil:ACT_Bushfire_Memorial.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|ACT Bushfire Memorial a Wright]] A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, shekaru uku bayan ranar gobarar daji, an bude wani abin tunawa da gobarar daji a ƙasar da gobarar ta shafa a cikin gandun daji na Stromlo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Hundreds gather for bushfire memorial |url=http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1549685.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524130842/http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fnewsitems%2F200601%2Fs1549685.htm |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=24 May 2015 |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Gwamnatin ACT ta ba da izinin tunawa da wuta don amincewa da tasirin gobarar da kuma gode wa kungiyoyi da mutane da yawa da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaki da wuta da kokarin farfadowa. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6hxlmyjqh354niv896r12h60le195li 905235 905233 2026-08-20T19:31:38Z Saad Nuhu 43323 905235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gobarar daji ta Canberra ta shekarar 2003 ta haifar da mummunar barna ga unguwanni da yankunan da ke wajen Canberra, babban birnin Australia, a tsakanin ranakun 18 zuwa 22 ga Janairu, 2003. Kusan kashi 70% na wuraren kiwo, gonakin itatuwan pine, da wuraren shakatawa na halitta na Australian Capital Territory (ACT) sun lalace sosai,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> Haka kuma, an lalata yawancin Mount Stromlo Observatory. Bayan gobarar ta shafe mako guda tana ci gaba da konewa a kewayen ACT, gobarar ta shiga cikin unguwannin Canberra a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A cikin sa’o’i goma da suka biyo baya, mutane huɗu sun mutu, fiye da mutane 490 sun ji raunuka, kuma gidaje sama da 500. sun lalace ko kuma suka samu mummunar barna. Hakan ya sa aka buƙaci babban yunƙuri na ba da agajin gaggawa da kuma sake gina wuraren da gobarar ta lalata,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> == Gina zuwa taron == [[Fayil:2003_bushfire_progress-MJC.gif|right|thumb|409x409px|Taswirar da ke nuna ci gaban gobarar a tsawon lokaci]] A ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2003, walkiya ta haifar da gobara guda huɗu a New South Wales, a ɗaya gefen iyaka amma kusa da Canberra. Duk da kasancewarsu kusa da Canberra, da kuma cewa waɗannan gobarar sun fara ne da ƙananan wurare sosai, ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma saurin yaɗuwarsu ya yi ƙasa, jami’an hukumar agajin gaggawa ta New South Wales ba su kashe ko dakile su ba. Binciken da aka gudanar daga baya kan gobarar daji, ciki har da rahoton Roche, binciken McLeod, da Rahoton Coroner (Coroners Report), ya gano cewa rashin kyakkyawan tsarin gudanar da martanin farko na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen haifar da bala’in da ya faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A ranar 13 ga Janairu, wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu kirar Bell Jet Ranger, wanda yake amfani da ruwa wajen yaƙar gobarar daji a cikin gandun da ke yammacin Canberra, ya faɗa cikin Bendora Dam, inda mutum ɗaya, wato matukin jirgin Duncan Patrick, ya ji rauni. A lokacin da hatsarin ya faru, matukin jirgin yana cike bokitin ruwa daga madatsar ruwan. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope, da Babban Jami’in Kula da Gobara na ACT, Peter Lucas-Smith, suna duba gobarar da ke kusa a lokacin wani aikin sa ido na yau da kullum kan gobarar daji, suna cikin jirgin Snowy Hydro SouthCare. Wani ma’aikacin lafiya na tawagar ceto ta SouthCare mai suna Euan McKenzie ya fitar da matukin jirgin da ya suma daga cikin tarkacen jirgin da yake nutsewa. Sai dai saboda nauyin tufafinsa da kuma rashin rigar taimakon iyo, ya kasa fitar da shi daga cikin ruwan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gee |first=Steve |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister's mayday rescue - Three pull chopper pilot from dam |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister swims to save pilot - dramatic helicopter rescue |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=1}}</ref> Matukin jirgin SouthCare ya taka-tsantsan wajen sanya jirginsa a wani matsayi da ya ba Stanhope, Lucas-Smith da wani ma’aikacin jinya (paramedic) damar tsalle cikin madatsar ruwan. Sun kawo matukin jirgin da ya ji rauni zuwa gabar ruwa, nisan kusan mita 60, domin Lucas-Smith da McKenzie su yi masa aikin farfaɗowa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=ACT leader a hero in chopper rescue |work=Gold Coast Bulletin |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Southcare crew first on scene |work=The Canberra Times |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope helps save pilot |work=The Canberra Times |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope shrugs off hero praise; 'I felt inadequate' |work=The Canberra Times |page=2}}</ref> Matukin jirgin ya samu raunin kai, kuma an yi masa tiyatar gaggawa a Asibitin Canberra. Dukansu Stanhope da Lucas-Smith sun sami lambar yabo ta ceto ta Royal Life Saving Society don tunawa da jaruntakarsu a ceto. McKenzie ta sami lambar yabo mafi girma ta al'umma, Bravery Cross, wanda ya amince da yin ceto a cikin yanayin ruwa a yanayin da ke barazana ga rayuwar mai ceto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Honours - Royal Life Saving |url=http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618020246/http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.royallifesaving.com.au |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, Ofishin Kula da Ayyuka na Gaggawa (ESB) ya fitar da fitowar kafofin watsa labarai ta ƙarshe kafin 18 ga watan Janairun, da karfe 8:50 na yamma.Wannan sanarwar ga manema labarai ta bambanta da duk wata sanarwa da aka fitar a baya, ta fuskar tsari da kuma abin da ta ƙunsa. Haka kuma, ta bayar da wasu alamu da aka yi watsi da su lokacin da ake tantance irin haɗarin da Canberra ke fuskanta. Misali, wani sashe na sanarwar ya bayyana cewa ana mayar da wuraren tattara da shirya kayan tallafin yaƙi da gobarar daji daga Bulls Head da Orroral Valley (waɗanda suke nesa sosai da yankunan birnin Canberra) zuwa North Curtin District Playing Fields (wanda yake cikin yankunan birnin sosai),<ref>{{citation|title=The Canberra Firestore|volume=1|chapter=5|page=307}}</ref> Wannan sauyin wuri ya nuna cewa ma’aikatan kashe gobara suna yin wani babban ja da baya, tare da nuna cewa babban haɗari yana gab da fuskantar birnin da kansa. == Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu == [[Fayil:2003_Canberra_Firestorm-Woden.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Cibiyar Birnin Woden]] [[Fayil:Canberra_hills-18-01-2003.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Duwatsun da ke kusa da Canberra sun cika da wuta a lokacin gobarar daji.]] [[Fayil:ACTFB_firefighters-2003Firestorm.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Masu kashe gobara na ACTFB suna karbar bakuncin rufin Ofishin Ayyukan Gaggawa.]] Asabar 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta kasance mai zafi, iska da bushe. Yanayin zafi har zuwa {{Convert|40|C|F|0}} ° C (104 ° F) da iskõki da suka wuce kilomita 80 a kowace awa (50 mil a kowace awa), tare da ƙananan zafi na dangi, sune manyan siffofin yanayi na rana. Wutar ta ci gaba da ƙonewa a cikin Namadgi National Park, tare da duk wurin shakatawa, tare da Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, an rufe shi saboda barazanar. Wutar ta biyu, a cikin Brindabella Ranges, tana barazanar karya layin hanawa. Da karfe 9 na safe a ranar Asabar 18 ga Janairu, ganyen da aka ƙone sun bayyana a kan ciyawa a cikin gidaje a cikin Weston Creek, Kambah, da Tuggeranong da ke kan iyakar yammacin Canberra. &nbsp;Da karfe 10 na safe, jirage masu saukar ungulu na labarai suna tashi sama da Duffy kuma suna ba da rahoton labarai game da gobarar tsakanin jihohi da na duniya.&nbsp; A duk ranar, gobarar ta ƙone kusa da iyakar unguwanni na Canberra, kuma babu wata alama ta hukumomi da ke samun iko da halin da ake ciki. Da misalin karfe 2 na yamma, 'yan sanda sun kwashe garin Tharwa zuwa kudancin Canberra.&nbsp; Da tsakar rana, ya zama bayyananne cewa gobarar ta haifar da barazana ga ƙauyuka kusa da Canberra, kamar Uriarra da Stromlo, da kuma gidaje a kan birni. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope ya ayyana dokar ta baci a karfe 2.45 na yamma.&nbsp; Wutar ta kai yankin birni da karfe 3 na yamma. &nbsp;An watsa shawarwarin gargadi na gaggawa na farko jim kadan bayan haka, a rediyo da talabijin, tare da shawarwarin da aka sabunta a duk rana. Wadannan shawarwari, tare da Standard Emergency Warning Signal sun bayyana cewa wani gagarumin "ƙazayewa" na yanayin wuta a cikin ACT ya faru kuma ya sanya yankuna da yawa a faɗakarwa don kwashewa. Yayin da ranar ta ci gaba, waɗannan shawarwari sun ba da shawarar kwashe yankuna da yawa (wanda 'yan sanda suka tilasta a ƙasa) kuma sun sanya mafi yawan yankunan Canberra a wasu matakan faɗakarwa. A yanzu, gobarar ta kai ga iyakar yankuna da yawa, tana kewaye da Tharwa, kuma tana barazanar tarihin Lanyon Homestead, wanda ke karbar bakuncin bikin aure kuma yana karewa da motar wuta guda ɗaya. Da karfe 3.50 na yamma, wasu gidaje sun kone a unguwar Duffy da Chapman, tare da asarar gida a Holder ba da daɗewa ba. &nbsp;Wani rukuni na Brigade na Wutar Lantarki na ACT, yana ganin wuta daga wani wuri a Fyshwick, ya karkatar da umarnin mai kula da rediyo ya yi watsi da alamun kuma ya kasance a inda suke. Rukunin sun tafi Duffy, suna ƙoƙarin faɗakar da masu kula da mazauna game da haɗarin da ke gabatowa. An kama wannan rukunin a gaban wuta a kan Warragamba Avenue a Duffy da misalin karfe 4.10 na yamma, bayan ya ceci akalla mazauna biyu. &nbsp;Dukkanin ma'aikatan da mazauna sun tilasta tserewa daga kayan lokacin da gobarar ta tashi. Saboda lalacewar wuta ga ababen more rayuwa da matsanancin iska da ke kawo layin wutar lantarki a fadin yankin, manyan sassan birnin sun rasa wutar lantarki. Wutar ta kuma fara ne a Giralang saboda matsalolin wutar lantarki. An kafa cibiyoyin kwashewa a makarantu huɗu - Kwalejin Canberra, Kwalejin Sakandare ta UC Lake Ginninderra (sa'an nan Kwalejin Lake Ginnindaerra), Kwalejin Erindale, da Kwalejin Narrabundah. Wani girgije mai duhu ya rataye a kan birnin, kuma, kodayake ba a cikin haɗari ba, an rufe gidan majalisar. Da karfe 5 na yamma, an ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje a Duffy, Chapman, Kambah, Holder, da Rivett, da kuma karamin gandun daji na Uriarra. &nbsp;Daga baya aka gano cewa wanda ya fara fama da gobarar, wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Dorothy McGrath, ta mutu a kusa da Stromlo Forestry Settlement a arewacin Duffy. Tserewa ga mazauna ƙauyen ya sami cikas saboda gargadi mara kyau da kuma wurin da aka ƙauyen yake, kewaye da gandun daji. Wutar da ta yi a yankin Michelago ta tilasta rufe babbar Hanyar Monaro zuwa Canberra. Wutar ta bazu ta yankin Kambah Pool da kuma cikin unguwar Kambah, ta haifar da lalacewa ga gidaje da yawa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin wuta na ACT. Wutar ta bazu ta hanyar filin shakatawa, ta haye hanyar Tuggeranong Parkway da Sulwood Drive da ke mamaye Dutsen Taylor. A cikin sa'a guda, gidaje ma suna ƙonewa a Torrens, a kan gangaren Dutsen Taylor, da kuma Weston. A wannan lokacin, gobarar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ababen more rayuwa na birnin. An yanke wutar lantarki zuwa yankuna da yawa. Wadannan katsewa sun shafi hedikwatar Ofishin Kula da Gaggawa a Curtin da Asibitin Canberra (wanda ke gudana a kan janareto na baya), wanda ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mutanen da ke fama da ƙonewa da shan hayaki. A Curtin, hedkwatar ESA tana cikin haɗari daga gobarar. Tare da ikon tallafi da ke samuwa kawai ga Cibiyar Sadarwa, an tilasta ma'aikata da yawa su yi aiki a kan tebur a waje yayin da ma'aikatan Sojojin Sojoji suka shirya ginin. Daga baya aka lura cewa ESB na iya motsa ayyukanta daga haɗari zuwa wasu wuraren sabis na gaggawa kamar AFP Winchester Center ko Tuggeranong Police Station.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ruwa, iskar gas, magudanar ruwa, da sadarwa sun sha wahala sosai. Ruwa, iskar gas, da sadarwa ta ƙasa ba su samuwa ga yankuna da yawa ba saboda lalacewar layin samarwa da tafkunan birni. Sadarwar wayar salula ta sha wahala sosai saboda karuwar zirga-zirga, wanda ya haifar da mummunar rikici ga hanyoyin sadarwar wayar saluka da kuma rediyo da hanyoyin aikawa na ESA. Wani kasuwancin janareta na gida daga baya ya ba da rahoton a shafin yanar gizon su cewa toka da hayaki sun kasance masu ƙarfi sosai, cewa wasu janareto na diesel a cibiyoyin sadarwa da bayanai sun kasa samar da isasshen wutar lantarki saboda matattarar iska da ke toshewa. Akalla matattarar iska mai janareta ɗaya ta ƙone yayin da ta tsotse ganye masu ƙonewa da ke hurawa a cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Wutar ta shafi wani bangare na Cibiyar Kula da Ingancin Ruwa ta Lower Molonglo (LMWQCC), wanda ke da alhakin kula da datti da ruwa mai guba kafin a sake shi cikin Kogin Molonglo. Ayyukan masana'antar sun lalace saboda lalacewar wuta, wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da yiwuwar sakin datti a cikin Kogin Molonglo, saboda ajiyar ajiyar masana'antar na iya riƙe rana ɗaya kawai. Koyaya, rashin albarkatu da gazawar kayan aiki ga ma'aikatan da ke kare shuka na iya haifar da bala'i, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin shaidar Danny Camilleri a cikin binciken da Coroner Maria Doogan ya yi game da gobarar. Camilleri ya shaida cewa ma'aikatansa sun isa don samun yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shuka a wuta, tare da haɗarin wuta da ke jefa abubuwa masu haɗari da aka adana a shuka don magance sharar gida, gami da chlorine. Ya bayyana cewa idan gobarar ta haifar da fashewa a cikin tankunan chlorine, da ta haifar da "girgije mai guba wanda zai busa zuwa Canberra wanda ke buƙatar kwashewar jama'a".<ref name="firestorm" /> Da karfe 10 na yamma, daya daga cikin cibiyoyin kwashewa guda hudu a Canberra ya cika gaba daya, kuma sauran suna cikawa da sauri. &nbsp;Rahotanni na fashi sun fara zuwa daga wuraren da suka lalace. Dukansu Firayim Minista John Howard da Gwamna Janar Peter Hollingworth sun canza shirye-shiryen su don komawa Canberra da wuri-wuri.   Duk da yake mafi munin gobarar ya wuce, halin da ake ciki har yanzu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana zuwa ranar Lahadi, 19 ga Janairu, gidaje har yanzu suna ƙonewa a fadin unguwanni da yawa. === Guguwar wuta === Labarin farko da aka rubuta na [[Fire whirl|guguwar wuta]] a Ostiraliya ya kasance a lokacin gobarar daji ta Canberra ta 2003. An lissafa shi don samun iskõki na kwance na {{Convert|250|km/h}} km / h (160 da saurin iska na tsaye na {{Convert|150|km/h}} km / h (93 , wanda ya haifar da juyawa na iska daga girgije na pyrocumulonimbus kuma ya haifar da haskakawa na hekta 120 (300 acres) a cikin 0.04 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire tornado video |url=http://esa.act.gov.au/emergency-management/fire-tornado-video/ |publisher=ACT Emergency Services}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce guguwar wuta ta farko da aka sani da ke da saurin iska na EF3 a kan sikelin Enhanced Fujita kuma ita ce kawai da aka sani har zuwa 2018 Carr Fire a California. [[Fayil:Bushfires_Australia_Jan_22_2003.jpg|thumb|Hoton NASA na kudu maso gabashin Australia, yana nuna gobarar da har yanzu ke cin wuta, 22 Janairu]] Da yammacin ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, ya bayyana a fili cewa mafi munin unguwar da aka yi wa rauni ita ce Duffy, inda aka lalata gidaje 200+, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canberra Bushfires Fieldwork |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530172505/http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2008 |access-date=20 April 2008 |website=Geoscience Australia |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> kuma mutane hudu sun mutu: Alison Tener, 38, Peter Brooke, 74, da Douglas Fraser, 60, da Dorothy McGrath, 76, na Dutsen Stromlo Forestry Settlement (a zahiri wani ɓangare na Duffy). Rashin rayuwa, lalacewar dukiya, da lalacewar gandun daji a yammacin birnin ya haifar da ba kawai asarar tattalin arziki ba amma tasirin zamantakewa. [[Fayil:Canberra_bushfire_map-MJC.png|thumb|292x292px|Taswirar da ke nuna adadin ACT da gobarar ta ƙone]] Wutar daji ta yi mummunar cutar da ciyayi na Kogin Cotter kuma ta haifar da matsalolin ingancin ruwa a cikin madatsun ruwa guda uku a cikin ruwa: Corin, Bendora da Cotter Dams. Wani lokaci bayan gobarar, turbidity a cikin ruwa saboda silt da ash daga gandun daji da ke kewaye da su ya nuna Canberra ya dogara da madatsar ruwan Googong a kan Kogin Queanbeyan, wanda gobarar ba ta shafa ba. Idan aka ba da fari da karancin ruwa, wannan ya rage yawan ruwan Canberra zuwa kusan 15% na ɗan lokaci. An buƙaci haɓakawa zuwa Stromlo Water Treatment Plant daga baya don ba da damar ƙarin tace ruwa don magance ƙarancin inganci a nan gaba. === Dutsen Stromlo === [[Fayil:The_Astronomer_at_Questacon.jpg|right|thumb|286x286px|''Masanin taurari'' a Questacon .]] Wataƙila mafi shahara daga cikin asara ta fuskar al’adu da kimiyya da gobarar ta haddasa ita ce lalacewar shahararren Mount Stromlo Observatory, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics na Jami’ar Ƙasa ta Ostareliya (ANU). Gobarar ta 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta lalata yawancin cibiyar. (Australian National University) An lalata na’urorin hangen nesa guda biyar masu muhimmancin tarihi, tare da bita-bitan kera kayan aiki da injiniyanci, ɗakin karatu na cibiyar, da manyan gine-ginen gudanarwa. Haka kuma, gidajen ma’aikata da wasu sauran gine-gine sun lalace. (Open Research Repository) Cibiyar baƙi, wadda ake kira '''“Exploratory”''', kuma take ɗauke da nune-nunen jama’a da gidan abinci, ta tsira daga gobarar ba tare da babbar barna ba, duk da cewa tana kusa da gangaren da gobarar ta ratsa da ƙarfi. '''Farnham Telescope''' shi ne kawai babban na’urar hangen nesa da ta tsira daga gobarar 2003 ba tare da lalacewa ba. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) A yau, an sake gina wasu sassan Mount Stromlo Observatory, amma manyan na’urorin hangen nesa na binciken kimiyya na ANU yanzu suna aiki ne a '''Siding Spring Observatory'''. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) [[Fayil:Mt_Stromlo_Obs1.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Gidan kallo watanni 20 bayan haka.]] Biyan inshora da Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya (ANU) ta nema, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 75 na Australiya, zai iya zama babbar da'awar inshora a tarihin Australiya. Koyaya, a watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, yayin shari'a a Kotun Koli ta ACT, kamfanonin inshora guda uku sun zauna a waje da kotu, suna biyan ANU adadin da ba a bayyana ba. Wani da'awar da ya shafi dillalin inshora na ANU, Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd, don rashin sabunta inshora a kan wasu gine-gine, an kuma daidaita shi don adadin da ba a bayyana ba a watan Yunin 2011. Mai zane-zane na Canberra Tim Wetherell ya ba da izini daga ANU <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stromlo Orrery Project |url=http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113005217/http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |archive-date=13 November 2008 |access-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> don samar da wani mutum-mutumi daga rushewar Dutsen Stromlo telescopes. An gama siffar da ake kira "The Astronomer" kuma an shigar da shi a cikin Triangle na Majalisar a waje da Questacon. Yana wakiltar manufar parallax na taurari. == Abin tunawa da Bushfire == [[Fayil:ACT_Bushfire_Memorial.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|ACT Bushfire Memorial a Wright]] A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, shekaru uku bayan ranar gobarar daji, an bude wani abin tunawa da gobarar daji a ƙasar da gobarar ta shafa a cikin gandun daji na Stromlo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Hundreds gather for bushfire memorial |url=http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1549685.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524130842/http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fnewsitems%2F200601%2Fs1549685.htm |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=24 May 2015 |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Gwamnatin ACT ta ba da izinin tunawa da wuta don amincewa da tasirin gobarar da kuma gode wa kungiyoyi da mutane da yawa da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaki da wuta da kokarin farfadowa. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a52l8brgiaucco3x9fodjll3jn4u3uw 905255 905235 2026-08-20T19:55:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 905255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Gobarar daji ta Canberra ta shekarar 2003 ta haifar da mummunar barna ga unguwanni da yankunan da ke wajen Canberra, babban birnin Australia, a tsakanin ranakun 18 zuwa 22 ga Janairu, 2003. Kusan kashi 70% na wuraren kiwo, gonakin itatuwan pine, da wuraren shakatawa na halitta na Australian Capital Territory (ACT) sun lalace sosai,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> Haka kuma, an lalata yawancin Mount Stromlo Observatory. Bayan gobarar ta shafe mako guda tana ci gaba da konewa a kewayen ACT, gobarar ta shiga cikin unguwannin Canberra a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A cikin sa’o’i goma da suka biyo baya, mutane huɗu sun mutu, fiye da mutane 490 sun ji raunuka, kuma gidaje sama da 500. sun lalace ko kuma suka samu mummunar barna. Hakan ya sa aka buƙaci babban yunƙuri na ba da agajin gaggawa da kuma sake gina wuraren da gobarar ta lalata,<ref>{{cite web |title=Canberra 2003 |url=https://knowledge.aidr.org.au/resources/bushfire-canberra-2003/ |access-date=3 November 2019 |website=Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub}}</ref> == Gina zuwa taron == [[Fayil:2003_bushfire_progress-MJC.gif|right|thumb|409x409px|Taswirar da ke nuna ci gaban gobarar a tsawon lokaci]] A ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2003, walkiya ta haifar da gobara guda huɗu a New South Wales, a ɗaya gefen iyaka amma kusa da Canberra. Duk da kasancewarsu kusa da Canberra, da kuma cewa waɗannan gobarar sun fara ne da ƙananan wurare sosai, ba su da ƙarfi sosai, kuma saurin yaɗuwarsu ya yi ƙasa, jami’an hukumar agajin gaggawa ta New South Wales ba su kashe ko dakile su ba. Binciken da aka gudanar daga baya kan gobarar daji, ciki har da rahoton Roche, binciken McLeod, da Rahoton Coroner (Coroners Report), ya gano cewa rashin kyakkyawan tsarin gudanar da martanin farko na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen haifar da bala’in da ya faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 2003. A ranar 13 ga Janairu, wani jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu kirar Bell Jet Ranger, wanda yake amfani da ruwa wajen yaƙar gobarar daji a cikin gandun da ke yammacin Canberra, ya faɗa cikin Bendora Dam, inda mutum ɗaya, wato matukin jirgin Duncan Patrick, ya ji rauni. A lokacin da hatsarin ya faru, matukin jirgin yana cike bokitin ruwa daga madatsar ruwan. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope, da Babban Jami’in Kula da Gobara na ACT, Peter Lucas-Smith, suna duba gobarar da ke kusa a lokacin wani aikin sa ido na yau da kullum kan gobarar daji, suna cikin jirgin Snowy Hydro SouthCare. Wani ma’aikacin lafiya na tawagar ceto ta SouthCare mai suna Euan McKenzie ya fitar da matukin jirgin da ya suma daga cikin tarkacen jirgin da yake nutsewa. Sai dai saboda nauyin tufafinsa da kuma rashin rigar taimakon iyo, ya kasa fitar da shi daga cikin ruwan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gee |first=Steve |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister's mayday rescue - Three pull chopper pilot from dam |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=Chief minister swims to save pilot - dramatic helicopter rescue |work=The Daily Telegraph |page=1}}</ref> Matukin jirgin SouthCare ya taka-tsantsan wajen sanya jirginsa a wani matsayi da ya ba Stanhope, Lucas-Smith da wani ma’aikacin jinya (paramedic) damar tsalle cikin madatsar ruwan. Sun kawo matukin jirgin da ya ji rauni zuwa gabar ruwa, nisan kusan mita 60, domin Lucas-Smith da McKenzie su yi masa aikin farfaɗowa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 January 2003 |title=ACT leader a hero in chopper rescue |work=Gold Coast Bulletin |page=5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Southcare crew first on scene |work=The Canberra Times |page=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope helps save pilot |work=The Canberra Times |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Doherty |first=Megan |date=14 January 2003 |title=Stanhope shrugs off hero praise; 'I felt inadequate' |work=The Canberra Times |page=2}}</ref> Matukin jirgin ya samu raunin kai, kuma an yi masa tiyatar gaggawa a Asibitin Canberra. Dukansu Stanhope da Lucas-Smith sun sami lambar yabo ta ceto ta Royal Life Saving Society don tunawa da jaruntakarsu a ceto. McKenzie ta sami lambar yabo mafi girma ta al'umma, Bravery Cross, wanda ya amince da yin ceto a cikin yanayin ruwa a yanayin da ke barazana ga rayuwar mai ceto. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Australian Honours - Royal Life Saving |url=http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618020246/http://www.royallifesaving.com.au/about/honours-and-awards/national-honours |archive-date=18 June 2017 |access-date=2017-07-06 |website=www.royallifesaving.com.au |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Janairu, Ofishin Kula da Ayyuka na Gaggawa (ESB) ya fitar da fitowar kafofin watsa labarai ta ƙarshe kafin 18 ga watan Janairun, da karfe 8:50 na yamma.Wannan sanarwar ga manema labarai ta bambanta da duk wata sanarwa da aka fitar a baya, ta fuskar tsari da kuma abin da ta ƙunsa. Haka kuma, ta bayar da wasu alamu da aka yi watsi da su lokacin da ake tantance irin haɗarin da Canberra ke fuskanta. Misali, wani sashe na sanarwar ya bayyana cewa ana mayar da wuraren tattara da shirya kayan tallafin yaƙi da gobarar daji daga Bulls Head da Orroral Valley (waɗanda suke nesa sosai da yankunan birnin Canberra) zuwa North Curtin District Playing Fields (wanda yake cikin yankunan birnin sosai),<ref>{{citation|title=The Canberra Firestore|volume=1|chapter=5|page=307}}</ref> Wannan sauyin wuri ya nuna cewa ma’aikatan kashe gobara suna yin wani babban ja da baya, tare da nuna cewa babban haɗari yana gab da fuskantar birnin da kansa. == Abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 18 ga Janairu == [[Fayil:2003_Canberra_Firestorm-Woden.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Cibiyar Birnin Woden]] [[Fayil:Canberra_hills-18-01-2003.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Duwatsun da ke kusa da Canberra sun cika da wuta a lokacin gobarar daji.]] [[Fayil:ACTFB_firefighters-2003Firestorm.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Masu kashe gobara na ACTFB suna karbar bakuncin rufin Ofishin Ayyukan Gaggawa.]] Asabar 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta kasance mai zafi, iska da bushe. Yanayin zafi har zuwa {{Convert|40|C|F|0}} ° C (104 ° F) da iskõki da suka wuce kilomita 80 a kowace awa (50 mil a kowace awa), tare da ƙananan zafi na dangi, sune manyan siffofin yanayi na rana. Wutar ta ci gaba da ƙonewa a cikin Namadgi National Park, tare da duk wurin shakatawa, tare da Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, an rufe shi saboda barazanar. Wutar ta biyu, a cikin Brindabella Ranges, tana barazanar karya layin hanawa. Da karfe 9 na safe a ranar Asabar 18 ga Janairu, ganyen da aka ƙone sun bayyana a kan ciyawa a cikin gidaje a cikin Weston Creek, Kambah, da Tuggeranong da ke kan iyakar yammacin Canberra. &nbsp;Da karfe 10 na safe, jirage masu saukar ungulu na labarai suna tashi sama da Duffy kuma suna ba da rahoton labarai game da gobarar tsakanin jihohi da na duniya.&nbsp; A duk ranar, gobarar ta ƙone kusa da iyakar unguwanni na Canberra, kuma babu wata alama ta hukumomi da ke samun iko da halin da ake ciki. Da misalin karfe 2 na yamma, 'yan sanda sun kwashe garin Tharwa zuwa kudancin Canberra.&nbsp; Da tsakar rana, ya zama bayyananne cewa gobarar ta haifar da barazana ga ƙauyuka kusa da Canberra, kamar Uriarra da Stromlo, da kuma gidaje a kan birni. Babban Ministan ACT, Jon Stanhope ya ayyana dokar ta baci a karfe 2.45 na yamma.&nbsp; Wutar ta kai yankin birni da karfe 3 na yamma. &nbsp;An watsa shawarwarin gargadi na gaggawa na farko jim kadan bayan haka, a rediyo da talabijin, tare da shawarwarin da aka sabunta a duk rana. Wadannan shawarwari, tare da Standard Emergency Warning Signal sun bayyana cewa wani gagarumin "ƙazayewa" na yanayin wuta a cikin ACT ya faru kuma ya sanya yankuna da yawa a faɗakarwa don kwashewa. Yayin da ranar ta ci gaba, waɗannan shawarwari sun ba da shawarar kwashe yankuna da yawa (wanda 'yan sanda suka tilasta a ƙasa) kuma sun sanya mafi yawan yankunan Canberra a wasu matakan faɗakarwa. A yanzu, gobarar ta kai ga iyakar yankuna da yawa, tana kewaye da Tharwa, kuma tana barazanar tarihin Lanyon Homestead, wanda ke karbar bakuncin bikin aure kuma yana karewa da motar wuta guda ɗaya. Da karfe 3.50 na yamma, wasu gidaje sun kone a unguwar Duffy da Chapman, tare da asarar gida a Holder ba da daɗewa ba. &nbsp;Wani rukuni na Brigade na Wutar Lantarki na ACT, yana ganin wuta daga wani wuri a Fyshwick, ya karkatar da umarnin mai kula da rediyo ya yi watsi da alamun kuma ya kasance a inda suke. Rukunin sun tafi Duffy, suna ƙoƙarin faɗakar da masu kula da mazauna game da haɗarin da ke gabatowa. An kama wannan rukunin a gaban wuta a kan Warragamba Avenue a Duffy da misalin karfe 4.10 na yamma, bayan ya ceci akalla mazauna biyu. &nbsp;Dukkanin ma'aikatan da mazauna sun tilasta tserewa daga kayan lokacin da gobarar ta tashi. Saboda lalacewar wuta ga ababen more rayuwa da matsanancin iska da ke kawo layin wutar lantarki a fadin yankin, manyan sassan birnin sun rasa wutar lantarki. Wutar ta kuma fara ne a Giralang saboda matsalolin wutar lantarki. An kafa cibiyoyin kwashewa a makarantu huɗu - Kwalejin Canberra, Kwalejin Sakandare ta UC Lake Ginninderra (sa'an nan Kwalejin Lake Ginnindaerra), Kwalejin Erindale, da Kwalejin Narrabundah. Wani girgije mai duhu ya rataye a kan birnin, kuma, kodayake ba a cikin haɗari ba, an rufe gidan majalisar. Da karfe 5 na yamma, an ba da rahoton cewa an lalata gidaje a Duffy, Chapman, Kambah, Holder, da Rivett, da kuma karamin gandun daji na Uriarra. &nbsp;Daga baya aka gano cewa wanda ya fara fama da gobarar, wata tsohuwar mace mai suna Dorothy McGrath, ta mutu a kusa da Stromlo Forestry Settlement a arewacin Duffy. Tserewa ga mazauna ƙauyen ya sami cikas saboda gargadi mara kyau da kuma wurin da aka ƙauyen yake, kewaye da gandun daji. Wutar da ta yi a yankin Michelago ta tilasta rufe babbar Hanyar Monaro zuwa Canberra. Wutar ta bazu ta yankin Kambah Pool da kuma cikin unguwar Kambah, ta haifar da lalacewa ga gidaje da yawa da ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin wuta na ACT. Wutar ta bazu ta hanyar filin shakatawa, ta haye hanyar Tuggeranong Parkway da Sulwood Drive da ke mamaye Dutsen Taylor. A cikin sa'a guda, gidaje ma suna ƙonewa a Torrens, a kan gangaren Dutsen Taylor, da kuma Weston. A wannan lokacin, gobarar ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga ababen more rayuwa na birnin. An yanke wutar lantarki zuwa yankuna da yawa. Wadannan katsewa sun shafi hedikwatar Ofishin Kula da Gaggawa a Curtin da Asibitin Canberra (wanda ke gudana a kan janareto na baya), wanda ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba daga mutanen da ke fama da ƙonewa da shan hayaki. A Curtin, hedkwatar ESA tana cikin haɗari daga gobarar. Tare da ikon tallafi da ke samuwa kawai ga Cibiyar Sadarwa, an tilasta ma'aikata da yawa su yi aiki a kan tebur a waje yayin da ma'aikatan Sojojin Sojoji suka shirya ginin. Daga baya aka lura cewa ESB na iya motsa ayyukanta daga haɗari zuwa wasu wuraren sabis na gaggawa kamar AFP Winchester Center ko Tuggeranong Police Station.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Ruwa, iskar gas, magudanar ruwa, da sadarwa sun sha wahala sosai. Ruwa, iskar gas, da sadarwa ta ƙasa ba su samuwa ga yankuna da yawa ba saboda lalacewar layin samarwa da tafkunan birni. Sadarwar wayar salula ta sha wahala sosai saboda karuwar zirga-zirga, wanda ya haifar da mummunar rikici ga hanyoyin sadarwar wayar saluka da kuma rediyo da hanyoyin aikawa na ESA. Wani kasuwancin janareta na gida daga baya ya ba da rahoton a shafin yanar gizon su cewa toka da hayaki sun kasance masu ƙarfi sosai, cewa wasu janareto na diesel a cibiyoyin sadarwa da bayanai sun kasa samar da isasshen wutar lantarki saboda matattarar iska da ke toshewa. Akalla matattarar iska mai janareta ɗaya ta ƙone yayin da ta tsotse ganye masu ƙonewa da ke hurawa a cikin iska mai ƙarfi. Wutar ta shafi wani bangare na Cibiyar Kula da Ingancin Ruwa ta Lower Molonglo (LMWQCC), wanda ke da alhakin kula da datti da ruwa mai guba kafin a sake shi cikin Kogin Molonglo. Ayyukan masana'antar sun lalace saboda lalacewar wuta, wanda ya haifar da damuwa game da yiwuwar sakin datti a cikin Kogin Molonglo, saboda ajiyar ajiyar masana'antar na iya riƙe rana ɗaya kawai. Koyaya, rashin albarkatu da gazawar kayan aiki ga ma'aikatan da ke kare shuka na iya haifar da bala'i, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin shaidar Danny Camilleri a cikin binciken da Coroner Maria Doogan ya yi game da gobarar. Camilleri ya shaida cewa ma'aikatansa sun isa don samun yawancin yankin da ke kusa da shuka a wuta, tare da haɗarin wuta da ke jefa abubuwa masu haɗari da aka adana a shuka don magance sharar gida, gami da chlorine. Ya bayyana cewa idan gobarar ta haifar da fashewa a cikin tankunan chlorine, da ta haifar da "girgije mai guba wanda zai busa zuwa Canberra wanda ke buƙatar kwashewar jama'a".<ref name="firestorm" /> Da karfe 10 na yamma, daya daga cikin cibiyoyin kwashewa guda hudu a Canberra ya cika gaba daya, kuma sauran suna cikawa da sauri. &nbsp;Rahotanni na fashi sun fara zuwa daga wuraren da suka lalace. Dukansu Firayim Minista John Howard da Gwamna Janar Peter Hollingworth sun canza shirye-shiryen su don komawa Canberra da wuri-wuri.   Duk da yake mafi munin gobarar ya wuce, halin da ake ciki har yanzu ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, kuma yana zuwa ranar Lahadi, 19 ga Janairu, gidaje har yanzu suna ƙonewa a fadin unguwanni da yawa. === Guguwar wuta === Labarin farko da aka rubuta na [[Fire whirl|guguwar wuta]] a Ostiraliya ya kasance a lokacin gobarar daji ta Canberra ta 2003. An lissafa shi don samun iskõki na kwance na {{Convert|250|km/h}} km / h (160 da saurin iska na tsaye na {{Convert|150|km/h}} km / h (93 , wanda ya haifar da juyawa na iska daga girgije na pyrocumulonimbus kuma ya haifar da haskakawa na hekta 120 (300 acres) a cikin 0.04 seconds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fire tornado video |url=http://esa.act.gov.au/emergency-management/fire-tornado-video/ |publisher=ACT Emergency Services}}</ref> Har ila yau, ita ce guguwar wuta ta farko da aka sani da ke da saurin iska na EF3 a kan sikelin Enhanced Fujita kuma ita ce kawai da aka sani har zuwa 2018 Carr Fire a California. [[Fayil:Bushfires_Australia_Jan_22_2003.jpg|thumb|Hoton NASA na kudu maso gabashin Australia, yana nuna gobarar da har yanzu ke cin wuta, 22 Janairu]] Da yammacin ranar 19 ga watan Janairu, ya bayyana a fili cewa mafi munin unguwar da aka yi wa rauni ita ce Duffy, inda aka lalata gidaje 200+, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Canberra Bushfires Fieldwork |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530172505/http://www.ga.gov.au/image_cache/GA9581.pdf |archive-date=30 May 2008 |access-date=20 April 2008 |website=Geoscience Australia |publisher=Australian Government}}</ref> kuma mutane hudu sun mutu: Alison Tener, 38, Peter Brooke, 74, da Douglas Fraser, 60, da Dorothy McGrath, 76, na Dutsen Stromlo Forestry Settlement (a zahiri wani ɓangare na Duffy). Rashin rayuwa, lalacewar dukiya, da lalacewar gandun daji a yammacin birnin ya haifar da ba kawai asarar tattalin arziki ba amma tasirin zamantakewa. [[Fayil:Canberra_bushfire_map-MJC.png|thumb|292x292px|Taswirar da ke nuna adadin ACT da gobarar ta ƙone]] Wutar daji ta yi mummunar cutar da ciyayi na Kogin Cotter kuma ta haifar da matsalolin ingancin ruwa a cikin madatsun ruwa guda uku a cikin ruwa: Corin, Bendora da Cotter Dams. Wani lokaci bayan gobarar, turbidity a cikin ruwa saboda silt da ash daga gandun daji da ke kewaye da su ya nuna Canberra ya dogara da madatsar ruwan Googong a kan Kogin Queanbeyan, wanda gobarar ba ta shafa ba. Idan aka ba da fari da karancin ruwa, wannan ya rage yawan ruwan Canberra zuwa kusan 15% na ɗan lokaci. An buƙaci haɓakawa zuwa Stromlo Water Treatment Plant daga baya don ba da damar ƙarin tace ruwa don magance ƙarancin inganci a nan gaba. === Dutsen Stromlo === [[Fayil:The_Astronomer_at_Questacon.jpg|right|thumb|286x286px|''Masanin taurari'' a Questacon .]] Wataƙila mafi shahara daga cikin asara ta fuskar al’adu da kimiyya da gobarar ta haddasa ita ce lalacewar shahararren Mount Stromlo Observatory, wanda ke ƙarƙashin Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics na Jami’ar Ƙasa ta Ostareliya (ANU). Gobarar ta 18 ga Janairu 2003 ta lalata yawancin cibiyar. (Australian National University) An lalata na’urorin hangen nesa guda biyar masu muhimmancin tarihi, tare da bita-bitan kera kayan aiki da injiniyanci, ɗakin karatu na cibiyar, da manyan gine-ginen gudanarwa. Haka kuma, gidajen ma’aikata da wasu sauran gine-gine sun lalace. (Open Research Repository) Cibiyar baƙi, wadda ake kira '''“Exploratory”''', kuma take ɗauke da nune-nunen jama’a da gidan abinci, ta tsira daga gobarar ba tare da babbar barna ba, duk da cewa tana kusa da gangaren da gobarar ta ratsa da ƙarfi. '''Farnham Telescope''' shi ne kawai babban na’urar hangen nesa da ta tsira daga gobarar 2003 ba tare da lalacewa ba. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) A yau, an sake gina wasu sassan Mount Stromlo Observatory, amma manyan na’urorin hangen nesa na binciken kimiyya na ANU yanzu suna aiki ne a '''Siding Spring Observatory'''. (rsaa.anu.edu.au) [[Fayil:Mt_Stromlo_Obs1.jpg|left|thumb|300x300px|Gidan kallo watanni 20 bayan haka.]] Biyan inshora da Jami'ar Kasa ta Australiya (ANU) ta nema, wanda ya kai dala miliyan 75 na Australiya, zai iya zama babbar da'awar inshora a tarihin Australiya. Koyaya, a watan Agustan shekara ta 2009, yayin shari'a a Kotun Koli ta ACT, kamfanonin inshora guda uku sun zauna a waje da kotu, suna biyan ANU adadin da ba a bayyana ba. Wani da'awar da ya shafi dillalin inshora na ANU, Aon Risk Services Australia Ltd, don rashin sabunta inshora a kan wasu gine-gine, an kuma daidaita shi don adadin da ba a bayyana ba a watan Yunin 2011. Mai zane-zane na Canberra Tim Wetherell ya ba da izini daga ANU <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stromlo Orrery Project |url=http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113005217/http://wwwrsphysse.anu.edu.au/admin/php/orrery/orrery.php |archive-date=13 November 2008 |access-date=10 February 2009}}</ref> don samar da wani mutum-mutumi daga rushewar Dutsen Stromlo telescopes. An gama siffar da ake kira "The Astronomer" kuma an shigar da shi a cikin Triangle na Majalisar a waje da Questacon. Yana wakiltar manufar parallax na taurari. == Abin tunawa da Bushfire == [[Fayil:ACT_Bushfire_Memorial.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|ACT Bushfire Memorial a Wright]] A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2006, shekaru uku bayan ranar gobarar daji, an bude wani abin tunawa da gobarar daji a ƙasar da gobarar ta shafa a cikin gandun daji na Stromlo.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Hundreds gather for bushfire memorial |url=http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1549685.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524130842/http://www.abc.net.au/cgi-bin/common/printfriendly.pl?http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fnewsitems%2F200601%2Fs1549685.htm |archive-date=24 May 2015 |access-date=24 May 2015 |website=ABC News |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Gwamnatin ACT ta ba da izinin tunawa da wuta don amincewa da tasirin gobarar da kuma gode wa kungiyoyi da mutane da yawa da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yaki da wuta da kokarin farfadowa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fi3kd5gu6vd5b323fe15m9tfaxlk2du 0 164968 905236 2026-08-20T19:32:26Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Tigray | native_name = Tigray humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2020–yanzu | location = [[Tigray]], [[Habasha]] | cause = [[Yakin Tigray]], ƙaura, ƙarancin abinci, lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya da matsalolin samun agaji | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane sun fuskanci ƙaura a lokacin rikicin | affected = [[Tigray]], [[Afar]] da [[Amhara]] }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Tigray''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya biyo... 905236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Tigray | native_name = Tigray humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2020–yanzu | location = [[Tigray]], [[Habasha]] | cause = [[Yakin Tigray]], ƙaura, ƙarancin abinci, lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya da matsalolin samun agaji | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane sun fuskanci ƙaura a lokacin rikicin | affected = [[Tigray]], [[Afar]] da [[Amhara]] }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Tigray''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya biyo bayan barkewar [[Yakin Tigray]] a arewacin [[Habasha]] a watan Nuwamba 2020. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, ƙaura mai yawa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalolin kiwon lafiya, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da ƙuntatawar samun taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="WHO2022">{{cite web |title=Crisis in Northern Ethiopia |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations/crisis-in-tigray-ethiopia |publisher=[[WHO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Yakin ya fi shafar Tigray, amma ya kuma yaɗu zuwa wasu yankunan arewacin Habasha, musamman [[Afar]] da [[Amhara]]. WHO ta bayyana cewa rikicin ya haifar da manyan buƙatun jin ƙai a arewacin ƙasar, tare da ƙaura da kuma mummunar lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="WHO2022"/> An sanya hannu kan [[Yarjejeniyar dakatar da tashin hankali ta Pretoria]] a watan Nuwamba 2022, wadda ta kawo ƙarshen manyan yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin gwamnatin Habasha da [[Tigray People's Liberation Front]] (TPLF). Sai dai yarjejeniyar ba ta kawar da dukkan matsalolin jin ƙai ba. == Asali == Rikicin ya fara ne bayan barkewar yaƙi a Tigray a watan Nuwamba 2020 tsakanin gwamnatin tarayyar Habasha da TPLF da gwamnatin yankin Tigray. Yaƙin ya haifar da katsewar sadarwa, wutar lantarki, zirga-zirga da wasu hanyoyin samun kayayyaki. Haka kuma, an samu ƙuntatawar samun taimakon jin ƙai a wasu lokuta.<ref name="WHO2022"/> Rikicin ya kuma shafi yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Tigray, musamman Afar da Amhara. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. Mutane da yawa sun bar gidajensu saboda yaƙi da rashin tsaro. Wasu sun koma wasu sassan Habasha, yayin da wasu suka tsere zuwa [[Sudan]]. UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa tun farkon rikicin a shekarar 2020, 'yan gudun hijira daga Tigray sun isa Sudan ta wuraren kan iyaka, inda da dama daga cikinsu mata da yara ne.<ref name="UNHCRTigray">{{cite web |title=Ethiopia Tigray emergency |url=https://www.unhcr.org/africa/emergencies/ethiopia-tigray-emergency |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Bayan yarjejeniyar 2022, wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun fara komawa yankunansu, amma matsalolin tsaro, gidaje da ayyukan jama'a sun ci gaba da hana wasu komawa gaba ɗaya. == Rashin abinci == Rikicin ya haifar da mummunar matsalar abinci a Tigray. Katsewar noma, lalacewar gonaki, rasa dabbobi, katsewar kasuwanni da ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga sun rage damar iyalai samun abinci. WHO ta ruwaito cewa fiye da mutane miliyan 13 a Tigray, Amhara da Afar suna buƙatar taimakon abinci a lokacin rikicin.<ref name="WHO2022"/> Rashin abinci ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa, da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Tigray ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon yaƙin. WHO ta ruwaito cewa rikicin ya haifar da kusan rushewar ayyukan kiwon lafiya a Tigray. A lokacin da aka fitar da rahoton, kashi kaɗan ne kawai na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suke aiki yadda ya kamata.<ref name="WHO2022"/> Karancin magunguna, kayan aiki, ma'aikatan lafiya da wutar lantarki ya rage damar samun magani. Ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu, yara da masu fama da cututtuka na dogon lokaci sun kuma samu matsala. == Cututtuka == Rikicin ya ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. WHO ta ruwaito ƙaruwa ko haɗarin ƙaruwa na cututtuka kamar [[zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[kyanda]], cututtukan numfashi da sauran cututtukan da allurar rigakafi za ta iya hana su.<ref name="WHO2022"/> Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, tsafta da matsuguni masu kyau ya ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cututtuka. == Lafiyar mata da yara == Mata da yara sun kasance cikin mutanen da rikicin ya fi shafa. Lalacewar ayyukan kula da mata masu juna biyu da haihuwa ya ƙara haɗarin mutuwar mata da jarirai. WHO ta bayyana cewa rikicin ya lalata ayyukan lafiyar mata a yankin kuma ya haifar da ƙarin haɗarin mutuwar mata masu juna biyu.<ref name="WHO2022"/> Yara kuma sun fuskanci haɗarin rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin allurar rigakafi da katsewar karatu. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse ilimin yara a Tigray. Makarantu da dama sun lalace ko kuma aka yi amfani da su a matsayin matsugunan mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu. Ƙaura, rashin tsaro da ƙarancin malamai da kayan koyarwa sun ƙara wahalar komawar yara makaranta. == Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙin ya lalata ko katse ayyukan ababen more rayuwa. A wasu wurare an lalata cibiyoyin lafiya, makarantu, hanyoyin mota da wuraren samar da ruwa. Katsewar wutar lantarki da sadarwa ya kuma sa ayyukan jin ƙai suka fi wahala.<ref name="WHO2022"/> == Samun taimakon jin ƙai == Samun damar kai agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale a lokacin rikicin. Katsewar hanyoyi, rashin tsaro da ƙarancin man fetur, kuɗi da sadarwa sun rage ikon hukumomin jin ƙai kai kayayyaki ga mutanen da suke buƙata.<ref name="WHO2022"/> UNHCR ta kuma bayyana cewa a farkon rikicin, rashin wutar lantarki, sadarwa, man fetur da kuɗi ya hana martanin jin ƙai yin aiki yadda ya kamata.<ref name="UNHCRTigray"/> == Matsalar 'yan gudun hijira a Sudan == Barkewar yaƙin ta tilasta wa dubban mutane tserewa daga Tigray zuwa Sudan. Yawancin waɗanda suka isa Sudan sun ketare iyaka ta wuraren da ke da ƙarancin ababen more rayuwa. UNHCR ta samar da matsuguni, ruwa, kayan agaji da ayyukan kariya ga waɗanda suka isa kan iyaka.<ref name="UNHCRTigray"/> Matsalar ta ƙara nauyi kan yankunan Sudan da suka karɓi 'yan gudun hijirar. == Yarjejeniyar 2022 == A watan Nuwamba 2022, gwamnatin Habasha da TPLF sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar dakatar da tashin hankali a Pretoria, Afirka ta Kudu. Yarjejeniyar ta kawo ƙarshen manyan yaƙe-yaƙe kuma ta buɗe hanya ga ƙarin taimakon jin ƙai da kuma kokarin dawo da ayyukan gwamnati. Duk da haka, ƙarshen manyan yaƙe-yaƙe bai warware dukkan matsalolin jin ƙai da suka samo asali daga rikicin ba. == Halin bayan yaƙi == Bayan yarjejeniyar 2022, Tigray ta shiga wani lokaci na farfadowa. Wasu mutane da suka rasa matsugunansu sun fara komawa gidajensu, yayin da wasu suka ci gaba da zama a wuraren ƙaura. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Habasha har yanzu tana fuskantar rikice-rikice da ƙaura a wasu sassan ƙasar, kuma Tigray na cikin yankunan da ayyukan kariya da taimakon mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu ke gudana.<ref name="UNHCREthiopia">{{cite web |title=Ethiopia |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/ethiopia |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A watan Yunin 2026, bayanan UNHCR sun nuna cewa akwai 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka a Tigray, kodayake adadin ya yi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da sauran yankunan Habasha.<ref name="UNHCRData">{{cite web |title=Country - Ethiopia |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=30 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Rikicin jin ƙai na Habasha a yau == Rikicin Tigray ya kasance wani ɓangare na babban rikicin jin ƙai na Habasha. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rikice-rikice a arewacin ƙasar da sauran wurare sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan gaggawa da kariya a Tigray da sauran yankunan Habasha.<ref name="UNHCREthiopia"/> WHO kuma ta ci gaba da danganta matsalolin abinci da lafiya a yankin da haɗuwar rikici, ƙaura, sauyin yanayi, barkewar cututtuka da raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite web |title=Greater Horn of Africa Food Insecurity and Health Crisis, Situation Report No. 1 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/greater-horn-of-africa-food-insecurity-and-health-crisis-situation-report-no-1-april-june-2026 |publisher=[[WHO]] |date=7 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun yi aiki a Tigray tun farkon rikicin. Ayyukan agaji sun haɗa da: * samar da abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kariyar yara; * taimakon 'yan gudun hijira; * taimakon mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu; * sake gina ayyukan kiwon lafiya; * dawo da ayyukan jama'a. WHO ta mayar da hankali kan dawo da ayyukan kiwon lafiya, sa ido kan cututtuka, maganin matsananciyar tamowa da samar da magunguna da kayan aikin gaggawa.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya shafi tattalin arzikin Tigray sosai. Noma, kiwo, kasuwanci da sufuri sun samu cikas. Mutanen da suka rasa dabbobi ko gonaki sun rasa wasu manyan hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da katsewar kasuwanci sun kuma rage damar farfadowar tattalin arziki. == Kalubalen farfadowa == Bayan ƙarshen manyan yaƙe-yaƙe, babban ƙalubale shi ne sake gina rayuwar al'umma. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata akwai: * dawo da ayyukan kiwon lafiya; * gyaran makarantu; * sake gina gidaje; * dawo da hanyoyin ruwa da wutar lantarki; * taimaka wa manoma da makiyaya; * tallafa wa mutanen da suka koma gidajensu; * magance matsalar rashin abinci; * samar da kariya ga fararen hula. Farfadowar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa na buƙatar ci gaba da samun taimakon jin ƙai da kuma inganta tsaro. == Duba kuma == * [[Yakin Tigray]] * [[Tigray People's Liberation Front]] * [[Tigray]] * [[Habasha]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] * [[Rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Yarjejeniyar dakatar da tashin hankali ta Pretoria]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[WHO]] * [[OCHA]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations/crisis-in-tigray-ethiopia WHO — Crisis in Northern Ethiopia] * [https://www.unhcr.org/africa/emergencies/ethiopia-tigray-emergency UNHCR — Ethiopia Tigray Emergency] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/ethiopia UNHCR — Ethiopia] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/eth UNHCR — Ethiopia Data Portal] * [https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/greater-horn-of-africa-food-insecurity-and-health-crisis-situation-report-no-1-april-june-2026 WHO — Greater Horn of Africa Food Insecurity and Health Crisis] [[Category:Tigray]] [[Category:Habasha]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin 'yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Habasha]] fe9i2wip0qkhokaf1zual036sd6m6wv 0 164969 905237 2026-08-20T19:34:05Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617398|Anne Duden]]" 905237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Duden''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1942) marubuciya ce ta Jamus wacce ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Jamus ta Yamma a shekara ta 1954. Waƙoƙinta da rubuce-rubucen ta sun haɗa da tashin hankali, ciwo da fidda rai. Wani memba na Kwalejin Jamusanci don Harshe da Littattafai, ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Hamburg kuma ta ba da lacca kan shayari a Paderborn da Zürich . Kyaututtuka da yawa sun haɗa da Heinrich-Böll-Preis a shekara ta 2003. <ref name="perlen">{{Cite web |last=Ruge, Uta |date=31 December 2021 |title=Blick und Anblick |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/essay/zum-80-geburtstag-der-dichterin-anne-duden.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=Perlentaucher |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy, Margaret |date=2004 |title=Putting Stones in Place: Anne Duden and German Acts of Memory |journal=The German Quarterly |volume=77 |jstor=3252123}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihin rayuwa == Borb a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1942, Anna Duden ta girma a [[Berlin]] sannan kuma a Ilsenburg . A shekara ta 1953, ta tsere zuwa Jamus ta Yamma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyu. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Oldenburg kuma ta tafi karatun Jamusanci a Jami'ar Berlin.<ref name="perlen" /><ref name="hdp">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.haus-fuer-poesie.org/de/poesiefestival-berlin/kuenstler-datenbank/anne-duden?next=20220601 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Haus für Poesie |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1972, gidan wallafe-wallafen Verlag Klaus Wagenbach ya yi aiki da Duden a Berlin. A shekara mai zuwa, tare da wasu abokan aikinta, ta kafa Rotbuch Verlag inda ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa. Daga 1978, ta kasance marubuciya mai zaman kanta a London da Berlin . <ref name="hdp" /> Baya ga litattafan waka, ta wallafa labarai da litattafai a cikin mujallu da litattaffaffi.<ref name="ll">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.lyrikline.org/de/gedichte/kammerherz-362 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Lyrikline |language=de}}</ref> Duden ya kasance farfesa mai baƙo na adabi a Jami'ar Hamburg (1989) kuma ya ba da lacca kan shayari a Jami'an Paderborn (1995) da Jami'ar Zurich (1996). <ref name="ll" /> Sunanta a matsayin marubuciya mai kirkiro ya fara ne tare da buga tarin labaran da ta tattara Übergang (1985) kuma an bi shi a cikin 1985 da littafinta ''Da Jadasschaf'' wanda ke nuna baƙin ciki da tarihin Jamus na baya-bayan nan ya haifar. Ta ba da wahayinta na tsoro da kuka a cikin shayari na ''Steinschlag'' (1993) da ''Hingegend'' (1999).   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Anne Duden memba ce ta Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (Jamusanci Academy for Language and Literature) kuma memba ne na Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur (Academy of Sciences and Literature). <ref name="ll" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 1ejafo32wh9d7e1h43v8d3w7zwbsqnd 905239 905237 2026-08-20T19:35:27Z Usman saadu 46863 905239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Duden''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1942) marubuciya ce ta Jamus wacce ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Jamus ta Yamma a shekara ta 1954. Waƙoƙinta da rubuce-rubucen ta sun haɗa da tashin hankali, ciwo da fidda rai. Wani memba na Kwalejin Jamusanci don Harshe da Littattafai, ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Hamburg kuma ta ba da lacca kan shayari a Paderborn da Zürich . Kyaututtuka da yawa sun haɗa da Heinrich-Böll-Preis a shekara ta 2003. <ref name="perlen">{{Cite web |last=Ruge, Uta |date=31 December 2021 |title=Blick und Anblick |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/essay/zum-80-geburtstag-der-dichterin-anne-duden.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=Perlentaucher |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy, Margaret |date=2004 |title=Putting Stones in Place: Anne Duden and German Acts of Memory |journal=The German Quarterly |volume=77 |jstor=3252123}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihin rayuwa == Borb a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1942, Anna Duden ta girma a [[Berlin]] sannan kuma a Ilsenburg . A shekara ta 1953, ta tsere zuwa Jamus ta Yamma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyu. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Oldenburg kuma ta tafi karatun Jamusanci a Jami'ar Berlin.<ref name="perlen" /><ref name="hdp">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.haus-fuer-poesie.org/de/poesiefestival-berlin/kuenstler-datenbank/anne-duden?next=20220601 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Haus für Poesie |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1972, gidan wallafe-wallafen Verlag Klaus Wagenbach ya yi aiki da Duden a Berlin. A shekara mai zuwa, tare da wasu abokan aikinta, ta kafa Rotbuch Verlag inda ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa. Daga 1978, ta kasance marubuciya mai zaman kanta a London da Berlin . <ref name="hdp" /> Baya ga litattafan waka, ta wallafa labarai da litattafai a cikin mujallu da litattaffaffi.<ref name="ll">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.lyrikline.org/de/gedichte/kammerherz-362 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Lyrikline |language=de}}</ref> Duden ya kasance farfesa mai baƙo na adabi a Jami'ar Hamburg (1989) kuma ya ba da lacca kan shayari a Jami'an Paderborn (1995) da Jami'ar Zurich (1996). <ref name="ll" /> Sunanta a matsayin marubuciya mai kirkiro ya fara ne tare da buga tarin labaran da ta tattara Übergang (1985) kuma an bi shi a cikin 1985 da littafinta ''Da Jadasschaf'' wanda ke nuna baƙin ciki da tarihin Jamus na baya-bayan nan ya haifar. Ta ba da wahayinta na tsoro da kuka a cikin shayari na ''Steinschlag'' (1993) da ''Hingegend'' (1999).   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Anne Duden memba ce ta Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (Jamusanci Academy for Language and Literature) kuma memba ne na Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur (Academy of Sciences and Literature). <ref name="ll" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] dqtel8mi4dg06uz8e8ivn5cg5i5pyb0 905240 905239 2026-08-20T19:36:07Z Usman saadu 46863 905240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Duden''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1942) marubuciya ce ta Jamus wacce ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Jamus ta Yamma a shekara ta 1954. Waƙoƙinta da rubuce-rubucen ta sun haɗa da tashin hankali, ciwo da fidda rai. Wani memba na Kwalejin Jamusanci don Harshe da Littattafai, ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Hamburg kuma ta ba da lacca kan shayari a Paderborn da Zürich . Kyaututtuka da yawa sun haɗa da Heinrich-Böll-Preis a shekara ta 2003. <ref name="perlen">{{Cite web |last=Ruge, Uta |date=31 December 2021 |title=Blick und Anblick |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/essay/zum-80-geburtstag-der-dichterin-anne-duden.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=Perlentaucher |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy, Margaret |date=2004 |title=Putting Stones in Place: Anne Duden and German Acts of Memory |journal=The German Quarterly |volume=77 |jstor=3252123}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihin rayuwa == Borb a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun A shekara ta 1942, Anna Duden ta girma a [[Berlin]] sannan kuma a Ilsenburg . A shekara ta 1953, ta tsere zuwa Jamus ta Yamma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyu. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Oldenburg kuma ta tafi karatun Jamusanci a Jami'ar Berlin.<ref name="perlen" /><ref name="hdp">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.haus-fuer-poesie.org/de/poesiefestival-berlin/kuenstler-datenbank/anne-duden?next=20220601 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Haus für Poesie |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1972, gidan wallafe-wallafen Verlag Klaus Wagenbach ya yi aiki da Duden a Berlin. A shekara mai zuwa, tare da wasu abokan aikinta, ta kafa Rotbuch Verlag inda ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa. Daga 1978, ta kasance marubuciya mai zaman kanta a London da Berlin . <ref name="hdp" /> Baya ga litattafan waka, ta wallafa labarai da litattafai a cikin mujallu da litattaffaffi.<ref name="ll">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.lyrikline.org/de/gedichte/kammerherz-362 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Lyrikline |language=de}}</ref> Duden ya kasance farfesa mai baƙo na adabi a Jami'ar Hamburg (1989) kuma ya ba da lacca kan shayari a Jami'an Paderborn (1995) da Jami'ar Zurich (1996). <ref name="ll" /> Sunanta a matsayin marubuciya mai kirkiro ya fara ne tare da buga tarin labaran da ta tattara Übergang (1985) kuma an bi shi a cikin 1985 da littafinta ''Da Jadasschaf'' wanda ke nuna baƙin ciki da tarihin Jamus na baya-bayan nan ya haifar. Ta ba da wahayinta na tsoro da kuka a cikin shayari na ''Steinschlag'' (1993) da ''Hingegend'' (1999).   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Anne Duden memba ce ta Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (Jamusanci Academy for Language and Literature) kuma memba ne na Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur (Academy of Sciences and Literature). <ref name="ll" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] 60m9gh10qbtj90793mu87i0dcdebw90 905242 905240 2026-08-20T19:36:36Z Usman saadu 46863 905242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Duden''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1942) marubuciya ce ta Jamus wacce ta ƙaura tare da iyalinta zuwa Jamus ta Yamma a shekara ta 1954. Waƙoƙinta da rubuce-rubucen ta sun haɗa da tashin hankali, ciwo da fidda rai. Wani memba na Kwalejin Jamusanci don Harshe da Littattafai, ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Hamburg kuma ta ba da lacca kan shayari a Paderborn da Zürich . Kyaututtuka da yawa sun haɗa da Heinrich-Böll-Preis a shekara ta 2003. <ref name="perlen">{{Cite web |last=Ruge, Uta |date=31 December 2021 |title=Blick und Anblick |url=https://www.perlentaucher.de/essay/zum-80-geburtstag-der-dichterin-anne-duden.html |access-date=26 July 2023 |publisher=Perlentaucher |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=McCarthy, Margaret |date=2004 |title=Putting Stones in Place: Anne Duden and German Acts of Memory |journal=The German Quarterly |volume=77 |jstor=3252123}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Tarihin rayuwa == Borb a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun A shekara ta 1942, Anna Duden ta girma a [[Berlin]] sannan kuma a Ilsenburg . A shekara ta 1953, ta tsere zuwa Jamus ta Yamma tare da mahaifiyarta da 'yan uwanta biyu. Ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare a Oldenburg kuma ta tafi karatun Jamusanci a Jami'ar Berlin.<ref name="perlen" /><ref name="hdp">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.haus-fuer-poesie.org/de/poesiefestival-berlin/kuenstler-datenbank/anne-duden?next=20220601 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Haus für Poesie |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1972, gidan wallafe-wallafen Verlag Klaus Wagenbach ya yi aiki da Duden a Berlin. A shekara mai zuwa, tare da wasu abokan aikinta, ta kafa Rotbuch Verlag inda ta yi aiki na shekaru da yawa. Daga 1978, ta kasance marubuciya mai zaman kanta a London da Berlin . <ref name="hdp" /> Baya ga litattafan waka, ta wallafa labarai da litattafai a cikin mujallu da litattaffaffi.<ref name="ll">{{Cite web |title=Anne Duden |url=https://www.lyrikline.org/de/gedichte/kammerherz-362 |access-date=31 July 2023 |publisher=Lyrikline |language=de}}</ref> Duden ya kasance farfesa mai baƙo na adabi a Jami'ar Hamburg (1989) kuma ya ba da lacca kan shayari a Jami'an Paderborn (1995) da Jami'ar Zurich (1996). <ref name="ll" /> Sunanta a matsayin marubuciya mai kirkiro ya fara ne tare da buga tarin labaran da ta tattara Übergang (1985) kuma an bi shi a cikin Shekara ta 1985 da littafinta ''Da Jadasschaf'' wanda ke nuna baƙin ciki da tarihin Jamus na baya-bayan nan ya haifar. Ta ba da wahayinta na tsoro da kuka a cikin shayari na ''Steinschlag'' (1993) da ''Hingegend'' (1999).   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (August 2023)">page<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>needed<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Anne Duden memba ce ta Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (Jamusanci Academy for Language and Literature) kuma memba ne na Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur (Academy of Sciences and Literature). <ref name="ll" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] kj19ebge95p3oa7ffibaomjy2j7i96d 0 164970 905238 2026-08-20T19:34:09Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Darfur | native_name = Darfur humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2003–yanzu | location = [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] | cause = Rikice-rikicen makamai, rikicin kabilanci, ƙaura, rashin abinci da lalacewar ayyukan jama'a | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane | affected = [[Sudan]], musamman [[Darfur]] }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Darfur''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi yankin [[Darfur]] a yammacin [[Sudan]]. Rikicin y... 905238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Darfur | native_name = Darfur humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2003–yanzu | location = [[Darfur]], [[Sudan]] | cause = Rikice-rikicen makamai, rikicin kabilanci, ƙaura, rashin abinci da lalacewar ayyukan jama'a | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane | affected = [[Sudan]], musamman [[Darfur]] }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Darfur''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi yankin [[Darfur]] a yammacin [[Sudan]]. Rikicin ya fara tsananta sosai a shekarar 2003 bayan barkewar tawaye da yaƙin da ya biyo baya tsakanin gwamnatin Sudan, ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye da ƙungiyoyin Janjaweed. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, ƙaura mai yawa, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, rashin abinci da matsalolin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="UNHCRDarfur">{{cite web |title=Sudan emergency |url=https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/sudan-emergency |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya sake tsananta sosai bayan barkewar [[Rikicin Sudan na 2023|yaƙin Sudan]] a ranar 15 Afrilu 2023 tsakanin [[Sudanese Armed Forces]] (SAF) da [[Rapid Support Forces]] (RSF). Darfur ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren faɗan, musamman [[North Darfur]] da babban birnin jihar, [[El Fasher]].<ref name="UNHCRFlash">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Flash Update #8 - Darfur and Kordofan Situation |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/122519 |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=19 May 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asalin rikicin == Rikicin Darfur na zamani ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwar matsalolin siyasa, tattalin arziki, muhalli da rikice-rikicen ƙasa da albarkatun ruwa. A farkon shekarun 2000, ƙungiyoyin 'yan tawaye a Darfur sun ɗauki makami suna ƙalubalantar gwamnatin Sudan, suna zargin gwamnatin da nuna wariya ga yankin da kuma rashin samar da isasshen ci gaba. Gwamnatin Sudan ta amsa ta hanyar amfani da sojoji da ƙungiyoyin mayaka masu goyon bayanta, musamman Janjaweed. Rikicin ya haifar da manyan hare-hare kan fararen hula da ƙauyuka. == Rikicin 2003 == A shekarar 2003, ƙungiyoyin [[Sudan Liberation Movement/Army]] da [[Justice and Equality Movement]] sun ƙara kai hare-hare kan gwamnatin Sudan. Gwamnatin Sudan ta ƙara amfani da sojoji da mayaka masu alaƙa da Janjaweed wajen yaƙar 'yan tawayen. Hare-haren sun haifar da ƙone ƙauyuka, kisan fararen hula, fyade, sace dukiya da tilasta wa mutane barin gidajensu. Saboda girman hare-haren, rikicin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan rikice-rikicen jin ƙai na duniya a farkon ƙarni na 21. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin Darfur. Miliyoyin mutane sun bar gidajensu tun daga 2003, wasu suna zama [[mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasa]], yayin da wasu suka tsere zuwa ƙasashe makwabta, musamman [[Chadi]].<ref name="UNHCRDarfur"/> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun zauna a sansanonin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na tsawon shekaru. Sabon yaƙin da ya fara a 2023 ya haifar da ƙarin ƙaura daga Darfur zuwa wasu sassan Sudan da kuma ƙetare iyakar Chadi.<ref name="RRP2026">{{cite web |title=2026 Sudan Regional Refugee Response Plan |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/121204 |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Rikicin Sudan na 2023 == A ranar 15 Afrilu 2023, yaƙi ya barke tsakanin SAF da RSF a Sudan. Rikicin ya bazu zuwa Darfur, inda RSF da ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da ita suka yi faɗa da SAF da ƙungiyoyin makamai masu goyon bayan gwamnati. A cikin Darfur, faɗan ya ƙara haɗuwa da tsoffin rikice-rikicen al'umma da na ƙasa. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa ci gaba da yaƙi a Darfur da Kordofan ya haifar da sabbin guguwar ƙaura.<ref name="UNHCRFlash"/> == El Fasher == [[El Fasher]] babban birnin North Darfur ne kuma ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar siyasa da jin ƙai a yankin. A lokacin yaƙin Sudan na 2023–yanzu, El Fasher ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da aka yi wa kawanya da faɗa. Faɗan da ya tsananta a North Darfur ya tilasta wa fararen hula da yawa barin gidajensu, ciki har da mutanen da suka riga sun kasance cikin ƙaura. UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwa da faɗa a North Darfur da El Fasher ta haifar da sabbin motsin jama'a zuwa Chadi.<ref name="RRP2026"/> == Sansanonin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Darfur yana da dogon tarihin sansanonin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Sansanonin sun karɓi mutane daga ƙauyuka daban-daban da suka tsere daga hare-hare. A lokacin yaƙin 2023–yanzu, wasu sansanonin sun sake fuskantar barazana saboda faɗa da ƙarancin abinci da taimakon jin ƙai. Sansanin [[Zamzam]] kusa da El Fasher ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suka zauna. == Zamzam == Sansanin Zamzam ya kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a North Darfur. A shekarar 2025, faɗa a yankin Zamzam ya haifar da manyan asarar rayuka da kuma sabbin ƙaura zuwa wasu sassan Darfur da Chadi.<ref name="RRP2026"/> Sabbin ƙaura daga yankin sun ƙara matsin lamba kan ayyukan jin ƙai da wuraren karɓar 'yan gudun hijira a kan iyakar Chadi. == Rashin abinci == Rikicin Darfur ya haifar da mummunar matsalar abinci. Yaƙi yana hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu, yana lalata kasuwanni kuma yana katse hanyoyin samar da abinci. Mutanen da suka rasa dabbobi da gonaki suna rasa manyan hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. A wasu yankuna na Darfur, an samu yanayi mai tsanani na yunwa, musamman a wuraren da faɗa ya hana isar da taimakon jin ƙai. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa buƙatun abinci da kariya sun ci gaba da ƙaruwa yayin da faɗa a Darfur ke tsananta.<ref name="RRP2026"/> == Yunwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == Yara ƙanana, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa suna cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar matsalar rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Ƙaura, ƙarancin abinci da lalacewar ayyukan kiwon lafiya suna ƙara haɗarin tamowa. A wuraren da aka tabbatar da matsananciyar yunwa, rashin samun abinci da ruwa na iya ƙara yawan mace-mace. == Kiwon lafiya == Yaƙin ya lalata tsarin kiwon lafiya a Darfur. Wasu cibiyoyin lafiya sun rufe saboda faɗa ko ƙarancin ma'aikata da kayan aiki. Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna kuma fuskantar wahalar samun magunguna da kulawar gaggawa. WHO da sauran hukumomin jin ƙai suna ƙoƙarin samar da magunguna, kula da yara masu tamowa da ayyukan rigakafin cututtuka. == Ruwa da tsafta == Rashin ruwa mai tsafta yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da mutanen Darfur ke fuskanta. Sansanonin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu da kuma wuraren karɓar 'yan gudun hijira suna buƙatar ƙarin rijiyoyi, tankunan ruwa da tsarin tsafta. Rashin tsafta yana ƙara haɗarin cututtuka, musamman a lokacin da mutane suka taru a wuraren da ke da ƙarancin kayan more rayuwa. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da rikicin ya fi shafa. A lokacin hare-hare da ƙaura, mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin cin zarafi, fyade da sauran nau'o'in tashin hankali. Yara kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin rabuwa da iyalansu, rasa ilimi, tamowa da cututtuka. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa mafi yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun haɗa da mata da yara da sauran mutane masu rauni.<ref name="UNHCRDarfur"/> == Ilimi == Rikicin ya katse ilimin yara a Darfur. Makarantu da dama sun daina aiki saboda rashin tsaro ko kuma an mayar da wasu gine-ginen makarantu matsuguni. Ƙaura ta tilasta wa yara da yawa barin makarantunsu. Rashin malamai, littattafai da kayan koyarwa yana ƙara wahalar dawo da tsarin ilimi. == Rikicin al'umma == Darfur na da tarihin rikice-rikicen tsakanin al'ummomi kan ƙasa, ruwa da kiwo. A wasu lokuta, rikicin siyasa da na makamai ya ƙara tsananta waɗannan rikice-rikice. A lokacin yaƙin 2023–yanzu, an samu rahotannin hare-haren da suka shafi al'ummomi daban-daban, musamman a West Darfur da wasu sassan yankin. == Chadi da 'yan gudun hijirar Darfur == [[Chadi]] ta karɓi ɗimbin 'yan gudun hijira daga Darfur tun farkon rikicin 2003. Sabon yaƙin da ya fara a 2023 ya ƙara yawan mutanen da ke tserewa daga Darfur zuwa Chadi. A shekarar 2025 da 2026, ƙaruwa da faɗa a North Darfur da El Fasher ya haifar da sabbin shigowar 'yan gudun hijira zuwa yankunan Wadi Fira da Ennedi Est na Chadi.<ref name="RRP2026"/> Wannan ya ƙara matsin lamba kan ruwa, abinci, matsuguni da ayyukan kiwon lafiya a yankunan da suka karɓi 'yan gudun hijirar. == Tasirin rikicin Sudan == Rikicin Darfur na yanzu wani ɓangare ne na babban rikicin Sudan. Yaƙin SAF da RSF ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa a faɗin ƙasar. A ƙarshen 2025, UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan mutane miliyan 12 suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙaura sakamakon yaƙin Sudan, ciki har da mutanen da ke cikin ƙasar da waɗanda suka tsere zuwa ƙasashe makwabta.<ref name="UNHCRSudan2026">{{cite web |title=Sudan Situation Appeal 2026 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2026-02/UNHCR%20Sudan%20Situation%20Appeal%202026.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=February 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Darfur na daga cikin yankunan da wannan rikicin ya fi tsanani. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna gudanar da ayyuka a Darfur. Ayyukan sun haɗa da: * samar da abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * taimakon kuɗi; * tallafin 'yan gudun hijira; * tallafin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. Sai dai rashin tsaro da ƙuntatawar samun damar kai agaji suna hana hukumomin jin ƙai kai taimako ga duk mutanen da suke buƙata. A shekarar 2026, rahotannin UNHCR sun nuna cewa samun damar kai agaji a Darfur da Kordofan ya kasance babban ƙalubale saboda ci gaba da faɗa da rashin tsaro.<ref name="Access2026">{{cite web |title=Sudan: Analysis of humanitarian access in the Darfur and Kordofan regions |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-analysis-humanitarian-access-darfur-and-kordofan-regions-briefing-note-22-march-2026 |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=22 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙi ya lalata ko katse muhimman ayyukan jama'a. Hanyoyi, asibitoci, makarantu, kasuwanni da wuraren samar da ruwa sun samu illa. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa tana ƙara wahalar dawo da rayuwar yau da kullum ga mutanen da suka koma gidajensu. == Halin tsaro == A shekarar 2026, faɗa ya ci gaba a Darfur da Kordofan. UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa faɗan ya ƙaru a Darfur da Kordofan tsakanin Maris da Afrilu 2026, tare da ƙarin matsalolin kariya da ƙaura.<ref name="UNHCRFlash"/> A wasu yankuna, fararen hula suna fuskantar haɗarin hare-hare, kisan gilla, tashin hankali na jima'i da tilasta musu barin gidajensu. == Ƙalubalen dawo da zaman lafiya == Ƙarshen faɗa da samar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa suna daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen Darfur. Dorewar zaman lafiya tana buƙatar: * kare fararen hula; * kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali; * tabbatar da samun agajin jin ƙai; * magance rikicin ƙasa da ruwa; * dawo da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu cikin aminci; * sake gina gidaje da ababen more rayuwa; * tabbatar da adalci ga waɗanda aka cutar; * inganta ayyukan gwamnati. == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A shekarar 2026, rikicin jin ƙai na Darfur ya ci gaba da kasancewa wani ɓangare mai tsanani na rikicin Sudan. Faɗa a Darfur da Kordofan ya haifar da sabbin ƙaura, yayin da buƙatun jin ƙai da matsalar abinci suka ci gaba da ƙaruwa.<ref name="UNHCRFlash"/> Sabbin motsin jama'a daga North Darfur zuwa Chadi sun ƙara matsin lamba kan ayyukan jin ƙai a ƙasashen biyu.<ref name="RRP2026"/> UNHCR ta ci gaba da bayyana rikicin Sudan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin rikice-rikicen ƙaura da jin ƙai a duniya, tare da miliyoyin mutane da suka rasa gidajensu.<ref name="UNHCRDarfur"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Darfur]] * [[Rikicin Sudan na 2023]] * [[Yakin Darfur]] * [[Yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Darfur]] * [[El Fasher]] * [[North Darfur]] * [[South Darfur]] * [[West Darfur]] * [[Chadi]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[OCHA]] * [[Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/sudan-emergency UNHCR — Sudan Emergency] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/122519 UNHCR — Darfur and Kordofan Situation] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/121204 UNHCR — 2026 Sudan Regional Refugee Response Plan] * [https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-analysis-humanitarian-access-darfur-and-kordofan-regions-briefing-note-22-march-2026 UNHCR — Humanitarian access in Darfur and Kordofan] [[Category:Darfur]] [[Category:Sudan]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Sudan]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Sudan]] [[Category:Haƙƙin ɗan Adam]] [[Category:Afirka]] lhg5pppl5qt2v82k6u0sftylp7tm07n 0 164971 905241 2026-08-20T19:36:11Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen | native_name = Yemen humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2014–yanzu | location = [[Yemen]] | cause = Yaƙi, rikicin siyasa, durƙushewar tattalin arziki, rashin abinci, ƙaura da sauyin yanayi | displaced = Kimanin miliyan 5.2 | affected = Yemen }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen''' wani rikicin jin ƙai ne mai tsawo da ya samo asali daga [[Yakin basasar Yemen (2014–yanzu)|yaƙin Yemen]], rikicin siyasa, durƙ... 905241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen | native_name = Yemen humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2014–yanzu | location = [[Yemen]] | cause = Yaƙi, rikicin siyasa, durƙushewar tattalin arziki, rashin abinci, ƙaura da sauyin yanayi | displaced = Kimanin miliyan 5.2 | affected = Yemen }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen''' wani rikicin jin ƙai ne mai tsawo da ya samo asali daga [[Yakin basasar Yemen (2014–yanzu)|yaƙin Yemen]], rikicin siyasa, durƙushewar tattalin arziki, rashin abinci, ƙaura, barkewar cututtuka da tasirin sauyin yanayi. Rikicin ya fara tsananta bayan [[Houthi movement|Houthi]] sun karɓi iko da [[Sana'a]] a shekarar 2014 da kuma shiga tsakani na sojojin da [[Saudi Arabia]] ke jagoranta a shekarar 2015.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Yemen Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2026 |url=https://yemen.un.org/en/312711-ocha-yemen-yemen-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2026-march-2026 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=29 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2026, sama da '''miliyan 22''' mutane suna buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai da kariya a Yemen. Wannan ya haɗa da kimanin '''miliyan 5.2''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar, da dubban 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Rikicin ya kuma haifar da matsalar abinci mai tsanani. A shekarar 2026, kusan '''miliyan 18.3''' mutane suna fuskantar matsananciyar rashin abinci, yayin da sama da '''miliyan 2.2''' yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar ke fama da matsananciyar tamowa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Asali == Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen yana da alaƙa da rikicin siyasa da ya fara tsananta bayan [[Juyin Juya Halin Yemen na 2011|tawayen 2011]]. A shekarar 2014, ƙungiyar Houthi ta ƙara ƙarfi kuma ta karɓi iko da Sana'a. Rikicin ya ƙara faɗaɗa zuwa sauran sassan ƙasar. A watan Maris 2015, wani haɗin gwiwar ƙasashe da Saudi Arabia ke jagoranta ya fara kai hare-hare a Yemen domin tallafa wa gwamnatin da ƙasashen duniya suka amince da ita.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite web |title=Yemen: WHO Health Emergency Appeal 2026 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/yemen--who-health-emergency-appeal-2026 |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=3 February 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Yaƙin ya lalata gidaje, asibitoci, makarantu, hanyoyin ruwa da sauran ababen more rayuwa. == Yaƙi da tsaro == Faɗan ya ci gaba da zama babban dalilin rikicin jin ƙai. Kodayake [[tsagaita wuta ta Yemen ta 2022]] ta rage manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙasa baki ɗaya, ba a cimma cikakkiyar yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ba. A shekarun da suka biyo baya, an ci gaba da samun tashin hankali na lokaci-lokaci a wasu yankuna. A watan Agusta 2026, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa Yemen na fuskantar babban haɗarin komawa ga faɗan da ya fi girma tun bayan tsagaita wutar 2022.<ref name="UN2026">{{cite news |title=Yemen at highest risk of major conflict since 2022 truce, UN warns |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/yemen-highest-risk-major-conflict-since-2022-truce-un-warns-2026-08-13/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=13 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Rashin abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin rikicin. Yaƙi ya lalata noma, kasuwanni da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Durƙushewar tattalin arziki da hauhawar farashin kayan abinci sun kuma rage ikon iyalai na sayen abinci. A shekarar 2026, '''miliyan 18.3''' mutane suna cikin matsananciyar rashin abinci.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu yankuna suna fuskantar yanayin matsanancin rashin abinci fiye da sauran wurare, musamman inda yaƙi, talauci da ƙarancin ayyukan gwamnati suka fi tsanani. == Tamowa == Yara ƙanana suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. A shekarar 2026, sama da '''miliyan 2.2''' yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar ana hasashen za su fuskanci matsananciyar tamowa, ciki har da fiye da '''516,000''' masu matsananciyar tamowa mai tsanani.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Haka kuma, kusan '''miliyan 1.3''' mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa ana hasashen za su fuskanci tamowa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Yemen ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon shekaru na yaƙi da ƙarancin kuɗi. A shekarar 2026, kusan kashi '''59%''' na cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ne kawai suke aiki yadda ya kamata.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Karancin ma'aikatan lafiya, magunguna, kayan aiki, wutar lantarki da kuɗaɗen gudanarwa ya rage damar samun magani. WHO ta ce Yemen na ci gaba da fuskantar cututtuka kamar [[kwalara]], [[zazzabin cizon sauro]] da [[dengue fever|zazzabin dengue]], tare da cututtukan da allurar rigakafi za ta iya hana su.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Kwalara da sauran cututtuka == Yemen na fuskantar barkewar cututtuka lokaci-lokaci. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, rashin tsafta, cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni da raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya suna ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cututtuka. Rahoton OCHA na 2026 ya nuna cewa Yemen ta ci gaba da fuskantar babban nauyin cututtukan da ka iya haifar da barkewar annoba.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] yana daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen Yemen. A shekarar 2026, kimanin '''miliyan 14.4''' mutane suna buƙatar taimakon ruwa, tsafta da muhalli.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Lalacewar hanyoyin samar da ruwa da ƙarancin ruwan sama suna ƙara matsalar. Ambaliyar ruwa kuma tana lalata gidaje, hanyoyin ruwa da wuraren kiwon lafiya. == Ƙaura == Yaƙi da matsalolin tattalin arziki sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu. A shekarar 2026, kimanin '''miliyan 5.2''' mutane suna cikin ƙaura a cikin Yemen.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun zauna na tsawon shekaru a wuraren ƙaura, ba tare da damar komawa gidajensu cikin aminci ba. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa wasu mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna komawa yankunansu, amma rashin tsaro, lalacewar gidaje da ƙarancin ayyukan jama'a suna hana dawowa mai ɗorewa.<ref name="UNHCR2026">{{cite web |title=Yemen |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/yemen |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == 'Yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka == Yemen ba wai ƙasar da ke da mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu kawai ba ce; tana kuma karɓar 'yan gudun hijira da masu neman mafaka. Yawancin 'yan gudun hijirar sun fito ne daga [[Somaliya]] da [[Habasha]].<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> Yemen kuma tana kan hanyar ƙaura daga [[Kahon Afirka]] zuwa yankin [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]], musamman ta hanyar [[Tekun Aden]] da [[Bahari Maliya]]. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar illar rikicin. Rashin abinci, tamowa, ƙarancin kiwon lafiya da ƙaura suna ƙara haɗarin da suke fuskanta. Mata da 'yan mata kuma suna iya fuskantar tashin hankali na jinsi, cin zarafi da sauran matsalolin kariya. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse karatun miliyoyin yara. Wasu makarantu sun lalace ko sun daina aiki saboda rashin tsaro da ƙarancin kuɗi. A shekarar 2026, kimanin '''miliyan 6.6''' yara ba sa zuwa makaranta.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Rashin ilimi na dogon lokaci na iya ƙara talauci da rage damar yara samun aikin yi a nan gaba. == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Shekaru na yaƙi sun lalata tattalin arzikin Yemen. Durƙushewar kuɗin ƙasa, hauhawar farashi, rashin aikin yi da lalacewar kasuwanci sun rage ikon iyalai na biyan bukatun yau da kullum. Rikicin ya kuma rage kuɗaɗen gwamnati da damar samar da ayyukan jama'a. Mutanen da suka rasa ayyukansu ko gonakinsu suna ƙara dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Sauyin yanayi == Sauyin yanayi yana ƙara matsalolin da Yemen ke fuskanta. Ambaliyar ruwa, fari, ƙarancin ruwa da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi suna lalata gidaje da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa a shekarun baya-bayan nan bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi sun zama babban abin da ke haifar da sabbin ƙaura a wasu sassan Yemen.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> == Ambaliyar ruwa == Ambaliyar ruwa na faruwa a wasu yankunan Yemen musamman lokacin damina. A shekarar 2025, ambaliyar ruwa ta shafi dubban gidaje a gundumomi da dama. Abubuwan da suka lalace sun haɗa da gidaje, hanyoyi da wasu cibiyoyin jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Ambaliyar ruwa tana kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da rashin ruwa mai tsafta. == Tasirin rikicin yankin Bahari Maliya == Rikicin Yemen yana da alaƙa da abubuwan da ke faruwa a [[Bahari Maliya]] da [[Tekun Aden]]. Hare-haren jiragen ruwa da rikice-rikicen yankin sun shafi zirga-zirgar kasuwanci da tattalin arzikin Yemen. Rikicin ya kuma ƙara haɗarin tsawaita matsalar tattalin arziki da ƙarancin kayayyakin da ake shigowa da su. == Ƙuntatawar samun agaji == Samun damar kai taimakon jin ƙai yana daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen Yemen. Rashin tsaro, ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga, tsare ma'aikatan jin ƙai da ƙarancin kuɗi sun rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji kai taimako ga duk mutanen da suke buƙata. Rahoton UNHCR na 2025 ya bayyana cewa tsare ma'aikatan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙuntatawar motsi sun rage damar kai ayyukan jin ƙai a wasu yankuna.<ref name="UNHCR2025">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Yemen |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-yemen.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=8 May 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna gudanar da ayyuka a Yemen. Ayyukan sun haɗa da: * samar da abinci; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * taimakon kuɗi; * ilimi; * rigakafin cututtuka; * tallafin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, shirin jin ƙai na Yemen ya tsara kai taimako ga mutane kusan '''miliyan 12''', ciki har da '''miliyan 9.4''' da aka fifita saboda tsananin buƙatunsu.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Kuɗaɗen agaji == Ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke rage martanin jin ƙai. Shirin Yemen na 2026 ya nemi kusan '''dala biliyan 2.16''' domin aiwatar da taimakon da aka tsara, ciki har da kusan '''dala biliyan 1.6''' domin ayyukan ceton rayuka da aka fifita.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Idan ba a samu isasshen kuɗi ba, miliyoyin mutane na iya rasa abinci, kiwon lafiya, ruwa da sauran muhimman ayyuka. == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A shekarar 2026, Yemen ta ci gaba da kasancewa cikin manyan rikice-rikicen jin ƙai na duniya. OCHA ta kiyasta cewa sama da '''miliyan 22''' mutane suna buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai da kariya.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> WHO kuma ta bayyana cewa Yemen na fuskantar haɗuwar yaƙi, durƙushewar tattalin arziki, rashin abinci, barkewar cututtuka da matsalolin sauyin yanayi.<ref name="WHO2026"/> A watan Agusta 2026, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi gargadin cewa ƙarin tashin hankali na iya mayar da Yemen cikin babban yaƙi, yayin da matsalar rashin abinci ke ƙara tsananta.<ref name="UN2026"/> == Makomar rikicin == Magance rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen yana da alaƙa da samun zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Taimakon jin ƙai na iya rage wahalar fararen hula, amma ba zai iya kawar da tushen rikicin shi kaɗai ba. Abubuwan da ake buƙata sun haɗa da: * tsagaita wuta mai ɗorewa; * yarjejeniyar siyasa; * kare fararen hula; * dawo da ayyukan gwamnati; * farfado da tattalin arziki; * sake gina ababen more rayuwa; * inganta tsarin kiwon lafiya; * dawo da ayyukan ilimi; * tallafawa mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu; * rage tasirin sauyin yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Yakin basasar Yemen (2014–yanzu)]] * [[Yemen]] * [[Houthi movement]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] * [[Rikicin Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin 'yan gudun hijirar Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Somaliya]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[WHO]] * [[OCHA]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://yemen.un.org/en/312711-ocha-yemen-yemen-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-2026-march-2026 OCHA — Yemen Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2026] * [https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/yemen--who-health-emergency-appeal-2026 WHO — Yemen Health Emergency Appeal 2026] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/yemen UNHCR — Yemen] * [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-yemen.pdf UNHCR — Annual Results Report 2025: Yemen] [[Category:Yemen]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Yemen]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Yemen]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya]] nnlmupj6go5c1g6752e19izlst8kith 0 164972 905243 2026-08-20T19:38:00Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza | native_name = Gaza humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2023–yanzu | location = [[Zirin Gaza]] | cause = Yaƙi, ƙaura, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalar ruwa da kiwon lafiya | affected = Mutanen Zirin Gaza | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Zirin Gaza]] a lokacin Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza da ya fa... 905243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza | native_name = Gaza humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2023–yanzu | location = [[Zirin Gaza]] | cause = Yaƙi, ƙaura, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalar ruwa da kiwon lafiya | affected = Mutanen Zirin Gaza | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Zirin Gaza]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza da ya fara a shekarar 2023]]. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, ƙaura mai yawa, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, matsalar abinci, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta, da kuma mummunar lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 14 August 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya biyo bayan hare-haren da [[Hamas]] da sauran ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa suka kai a kudancin [[Isra'ila]] a ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, da kuma yaƙin da Isra'ila ta fara a Gaza daga baya. Yaƙin ya haifar da babbar matsalar jin ƙai a Gaza, inda yawancin jama'a suka rasa matsugunansu kuma suka dogara da taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="UNRWA2026">{{cite web |title=UNRWA Situation Report #232 |url=https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank |publisher=[[UNRWA]] |date=11 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asali == Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza na 2023–yanzu]]. A ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, Hamas da wasu ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa sun kai hari a kudancin Isra'ila, inda aka kashe mutane tare da yin garkuwa da wasu.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Isra'ila ta fara babban farmakin soji a Zirin Gaza. Yaƙin ya haifar da lalacewar gidaje, makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyin ruwa, hanyoyin sufuri da sauran muhimman ababen more rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da rikicin ya haifar. Miliyoyin mutanen Gaza sun rasa gidajensu ko kuma sun bar wuraren zama saboda faɗa da umarnin ƙaura. OCHA ta ruwaito a watan Agusta 2026 cewa mafi yawan mutanen Gaza har yanzu suna cikin ƙaura kuma suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu iyalai sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa daga wani wuri zuwa wani saboda canjin wuraren faɗa da kuma matsalar samun mafaka. == Matsalar abinci == Rikicin ya lalata noma, kasuwanni, wuraren ajiyar abinci da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Ƙuntatawar shigar kayayyaki da taimakon jin ƙai, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da matsalolin tsaro sun shafi samar da abinci. A shekarar 2025, wasu yankunan Gaza sun fuskanci matakan matsananciyar rashin abinci da suka kai ga yunwa. Bayan ƙarin shigar taimakon abinci, yanayin abinci ya inganta a wasu lokuta a 2026, amma buƙatun sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 31 July 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Raguwar ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan agaji tun daga Fabrairu 2026 na iya jefa wannan ci gaba cikin haɗari.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin Gaza. A farkon Yuli 2026, wani binciken da OCHA ta ambata ya nuna cewa kusan '''kashi 90%''' na mutanen Gaza suna fuskantar ƙarancin samun ruwa daga matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani, daga kashi 84% a watan Yuni.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Lalacewar hanyoyin samar da ruwa, ƙarancin man fetur da wutar lantarki da lalacewar tsarin tsafta sun ƙara matsalar. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta yana kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Gaza ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon yaƙin. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama sun lalace ko sun daina aiki yadda ya kamata. WHO ta bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai kan kiwon lafiya sun lalata ikon tsarin lafiya na Gaza na samar da kulawa ga mutanen da suke buƙata.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on healthcare in conflict zones averaging more than four a day in 2026, World Health Organization says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/attacks-healthcare-conflict-zones-averaging-more-four-day-2026-world-health-2026-08-14/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton WHO na 2026 ya nuna cewa dukkan asibitocin Gaza sun samu lalacewa, yayin da kusan rabinsu kawai suke ci gaba da aiki a wani mataki.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Karancin magunguna, kayan aiki, man fetur da ma'aikatan lafiya yana ƙara wahalar samun kulawar gaggawa. == Cututtuka == Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, cunkoso da lalacewar tsarin tsafta suna ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. Mutanen da ke cikin wuraren ƙaura suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa da rashin tsafta. Raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya yana rage ikon hukumomi na rigakafi da magance barkewar cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar illar rikicin. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rauni, mutuwa, tamowa, cututtuka, rasa ilimi da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari saboda ƙarancin samun kulawar haihuwa da magunguna. == Tamowa == Rashin abinci da matsalar samun kulawar lafiya sun ƙara haɗarin tamowa, musamman tsakanin yara ƙanana. Matsalar tamowa tana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma tana iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa ga yara. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna samar da abinci na musamman da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da tamowa, amma samun damar kai wannan taimako yana dogara da tsaro da wadatar kayayyaki. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse ilimin yara a Gaza. Makarantu da yawa sun lalace ko kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin matsugunan mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu. Rashin tsaro da ƙaura sun hana miliyoyin yara samun tsarin karatu na yau da kullum. UNRWA ta ci gaba da bayar da wasu ayyukan ilimi da kariya ga yara duk da matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kayan aiki.<ref name="UNRWA2026"/> == Lalacewar gidaje == An lalata gidaje da dama a lokacin yaƙin. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu suna zama a makarantu, wuraren jama'a, tantuna ko wasu gine-ginen da suka rage. Lalacewar gidaje tana ƙara matsalar ƙaura kuma tana sanya dawowar iyalai zuwa wuraren da suka fito daga gare su cikin wahala. == Ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙin ya lalata ko katse muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Daga cikin waɗanda suka samu illa akwai: * asibitoci; * makarantu; * hanyoyin ruwa; * cibiyoyin tsafta; * hanyoyi; * gidaje; * tsarin wutar lantarki; * wuraren samar da abinci. Lalacewar waɗannan ayyuka ta sa farfadowar Gaza ta zama mai wahala. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna kai abinci, ruwa, magunguna da sauran kayan taimako zuwa Gaza. Duk da haka, ƙuntatawar shiga, matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage yawan taimakon da za a iya kaiwa ga jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> OCHA ta bayyana a watan Agusta 2026 cewa ayyukan jin ƙai suna ci gaba duk da ƙuntatawar samun damar kai agaji da ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai suna fuskantar babban haɗari yayin gudanar da ayyukansu a Gaza. A rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na ranar 19 Agusta 2026, Gaza ta kasance wuri mafi haɗari ga ma'aikatan jin ƙai a duniya a shekarar 2025, inda aka ruwaito mutuwar ma'aikatan jin ƙai da dama.<ref name="AidWorkers2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on aid workers hit record high in 2025, UN says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/attacks-aid-workers-hit-record-high-2025-un-says-2026-08-19/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=19 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Haɗarin ma'aikatan agaji yana rage damar ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai kai taimako cikin aminci da ci gaba. == Rikicin tattalin arziki == Yaƙin ya lalata tattalin arzikin Gaza. Yawancin kamfanoni, gonaki, kasuwanni da wuraren aiki sun samu illa. Rashin aikin yi da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga sun ƙara dogaro da iyalai kan taimakon jin ƙai. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa tana kuma ƙara wahalar sake farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin. == Tasirin tunani da zamantakewa == Yaƙin da ƙaura sun shafi lafiyar tunani da zamantakewar jama'a. Yara da manya suna fuskantar damuwa sakamakon rasa 'yan uwa, gidaje, makarantu da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Rashin tsaro na dogon lokaci yana ƙara buƙatar ayyukan kula da lafiyar tunani da tallafin zamantakewa. == Yanayin jin ƙai a 2026 == A watan Agusta 2026, OCHA ta bayyana cewa yawancin mutanen Gaza suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙaura da mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Duk da wasu alamun ingantuwar samun abinci a 2026, buƙatun jin ƙai sun kasance masu yawa kuma raguwar taimakon da ake samu na iya sake tsananta matsalar.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> Matsalar ruwa ta kasance mai tsanani, inda kusan kashi 90% na jama'a suka fuskanci matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarancin samun ruwa a farkon Yuli 2026.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Tsarin kiwon lafiya kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali saboda lalacewar asibitoci, ƙarancin kayan aiki da ci gaba da haɗarin tsaro.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Matsalar samun agaji == Samun damar kai agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale. Ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga, rashin tsaro, lalacewar hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗi suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji kai taimako ga duk wuraren da suke buƙata. OCHA ta yi gargadin cewa raguwar tallafin kuɗi na iya rage ayyukan jin ƙai a lokacin da buƙatun suke da yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya == An yi ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin Gaza ta hanyar tattaunawar tsagaita wuta da musayar mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su da fursunoni. A shekarun da suka biyo bayan fara yaƙin, ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya da dama sun shiga matsakanci. A shekarar 2026, tattaunawar zaman lafiya da shirye-shiryen sake gina Gaza sun ci gaba da kasancewa batutuwan siyasa da na jin ƙai. Duk da wasu matakan rage tashin hankali, rahotannin OCHA na Agusta 2026 sun nuna cewa har yanzu ana samun hare-hare da asarar fararen hula.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Sake gina Gaza == Sake gina Gaza na buƙatar gyaran gidaje da muhimman ayyukan jama'a. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata akwai: * sake gina gidaje; * dawo da asibitoci; * sake buɗe makarantu; * gyaran hanyoyin ruwa; * dawo da wutar lantarki; * tsaftace wuraren da suka lalace; * tallafawa tattalin arziki; * samar da matsuguni na ɗorewa. Sake ginawa yana kuma buƙatar yanayin tsaro da siyasa da zai ba da damar ayyukan farfadowa su gudana. == Duba kuma == * [[Zirin Gaza]] * [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)]] * [[Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] * [[Rikicin Falasɗinawa]] * [[Hamas]] * [[UNRWA]] * [[OCHA]] * [[WHO]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 14 August 2026] * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 31 July 2026] * [https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank UNRWA — Situation Report #232] * [https://www.who.int/health-topics/occupied-palestinian-territory WHO — Occupied Palestinian Territory] [[Category:Gaza]] [[Category:Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] 3yb8ia2c19tlpjj73glc7irylqqcozt 905263 905243 2026-08-20T20:03:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Nassoshi */ 905263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza | native_name = Gaza humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2023–yanzu | location = [[Zirin Gaza]] | cause = Yaƙi, ƙaura, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalar ruwa da kiwon lafiya | affected = Mutanen Zirin Gaza | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Zirin Gaza]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza da ya fara a shekarar 2023]]. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, ƙaura mai yawa, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, matsalar abinci, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta, da kuma mummunar lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 14 August 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya biyo bayan hare-haren da [[Hamas]] da sauran ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa suka kai a kudancin [[Isra'ila]] a ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, da kuma yaƙin da Isra'ila ta fara a Gaza daga baya. Yaƙin ya haifar da babbar matsalar jin ƙai a Gaza, inda yawancin jama'a suka rasa matsugunansu kuma suka dogara da taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="UNRWA2026">{{cite web |title=UNRWA Situation Report #232 |url=https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank |publisher=[[UNRWA]] |date=11 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asali == Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza na 2023–yanzu]]. A ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, Hamas da wasu ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa sun kai hari a kudancin Isra'ila, inda aka kashe mutane tare da yin garkuwa da wasu.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Isra'ila ta fara babban farmakin soji a Zirin Gaza. Yaƙin ya haifar da lalacewar gidaje, makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyin ruwa, hanyoyin sufuri da sauran muhimman ababen more rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da rikicin ya haifar. Miliyoyin mutanen Gaza sun rasa gidajensu ko kuma sun bar wuraren zama saboda faɗa da umarnin ƙaura. OCHA ta ruwaito a watan Agusta 2026 cewa mafi yawan mutanen Gaza har yanzu suna cikin ƙaura kuma suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu iyalai sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa daga wani wuri zuwa wani saboda canjin wuraren faɗa da kuma matsalar samun mafaka. == Matsalar abinci == Rikicin ya lalata noma, kasuwanni, wuraren ajiyar abinci da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Ƙuntatawar shigar kayayyaki da taimakon jin ƙai, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da matsalolin tsaro sun shafi samar da abinci. A shekarar 2025, wasu yankunan Gaza sun fuskanci matakan matsananciyar rashin abinci da suka kai ga yunwa. Bayan ƙarin shigar taimakon abinci, yanayin abinci ya inganta a wasu lokuta a 2026, amma buƙatun sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 31 July 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Raguwar ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan agaji tun daga Fabrairu 2026 na iya jefa wannan ci gaba cikin haɗari.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin Gaza. A farkon Yuli 2026, wani binciken da OCHA ta ambata ya nuna cewa kusan '''kashi 90%''' na mutanen Gaza suna fuskantar ƙarancin samun ruwa daga matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani, daga kashi 84% a watan Yuni.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Lalacewar hanyoyin samar da ruwa, ƙarancin man fetur da wutar lantarki da lalacewar tsarin tsafta sun ƙara matsalar. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta yana kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Gaza ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon yaƙin. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama sun lalace ko sun daina aiki yadda ya kamata. WHO ta bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai kan kiwon lafiya sun lalata ikon tsarin lafiya na Gaza na samar da kulawa ga mutanen da suke buƙata.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on healthcare in conflict zones averaging more than four a day in 2026, World Health Organization says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/attacks-healthcare-conflict-zones-averaging-more-four-day-2026-world-health-2026-08-14/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton WHO na 2026 ya nuna cewa dukkan asibitocin Gaza sun samu lalacewa, yayin da kusan rabinsu kawai suke ci gaba da aiki a wani mataki.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Karancin magunguna, kayan aiki, man fetur da ma'aikatan lafiya yana ƙara wahalar samun kulawar gaggawa. == Cututtuka == Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, cunkoso da lalacewar tsarin tsafta suna ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. Mutanen da ke cikin wuraren ƙaura suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa da rashin tsafta. Raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya yana rage ikon hukumomi na rigakafi da magance barkewar cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar illar rikicin. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rauni, mutuwa, tamowa, cututtuka, rasa ilimi da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari saboda ƙarancin samun kulawar haihuwa da magunguna. == Tamowa == Rashin abinci da matsalar samun kulawar lafiya sun ƙara haɗarin tamowa, musamman tsakanin yara ƙanana. Matsalar tamowa tana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma tana iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa ga yara. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna samar da abinci na musamman da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da tamowa, amma samun damar kai wannan taimako yana dogara da tsaro da wadatar kayayyaki. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse ilimin yara a Gaza. Makarantu da yawa sun lalace ko kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin matsugunan mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu. Rashin tsaro da ƙaura sun hana miliyoyin yara samun tsarin karatu na yau da kullum. UNRWA ta ci gaba da bayar da wasu ayyukan ilimi da kariya ga yara duk da matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kayan aiki.<ref name="UNRWA2026"/> == Lalacewar gidaje == An lalata gidaje da dama a lokacin yaƙin. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu suna zama a makarantu, wuraren jama'a, tantuna ko wasu gine-ginen da suka rage. Lalacewar gidaje tana ƙara matsalar ƙaura kuma tana sanya dawowar iyalai zuwa wuraren da suka fito daga gare su cikin wahala. == Ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙin ya lalata ko katse muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Daga cikin waɗanda suka samu illa akwai: * asibitoci; * makarantu; * hanyoyin ruwa; * cibiyoyin tsafta; * hanyoyi; * gidaje; * tsarin wutar lantarki; * wuraren samar da abinci. Lalacewar waɗannan ayyuka ta sa farfadowar Gaza ta zama mai wahala. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna kai abinci, ruwa, magunguna da sauran kayan taimako zuwa Gaza. Duk da haka, ƙuntatawar shiga, matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage yawan taimakon da za a iya kaiwa ga jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> OCHA ta bayyana a watan Agusta 2026 cewa ayyukan jin ƙai suna ci gaba duk da ƙuntatawar samun damar kai agaji da ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai suna fuskantar babban haɗari yayin gudanar da ayyukansu a Gaza. A rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na ranar 19 Agusta 2026, Gaza ta kasance wuri mafi haɗari ga ma'aikatan jin ƙai a duniya a shekarar 2025, inda aka ruwaito mutuwar ma'aikatan jin ƙai da dama.<ref name="AidWorkers2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on aid workers hit record high in 2025, UN says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/attacks-aid-workers-hit-record-high-2025-un-says-2026-08-19/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=19 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Haɗarin ma'aikatan agaji yana rage damar ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai kai taimako cikin aminci da ci gaba. == Rikicin tattalin arziki == Yaƙin ya lalata tattalin arzikin Gaza. Yawancin kamfanoni, gonaki, kasuwanni da wuraren aiki sun samu illa. Rashin aikin yi da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga sun ƙara dogaro da iyalai kan taimakon jin ƙai. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa tana kuma ƙara wahalar sake farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin. == Tasirin tunani da zamantakewa == Yaƙin da ƙaura sun shafi lafiyar tunani da zamantakewar jama'a. Yara da manya suna fuskantar damuwa sakamakon rasa 'yan uwa, gidaje, makarantu da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Rashin tsaro na dogon lokaci yana ƙara buƙatar ayyukan kula da lafiyar tunani da tallafin zamantakewa. == Yanayin jin ƙai a 2026 == A watan Agusta 2026, OCHA ta bayyana cewa yawancin mutanen Gaza suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙaura da mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Duk da wasu alamun ingantuwar samun abinci a 2026, buƙatun jin ƙai sun kasance masu yawa kuma raguwar taimakon da ake samu na iya sake tsananta matsalar.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> Matsalar ruwa ta kasance mai tsanani, inda kusan kashi 90% na jama'a suka fuskanci matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarancin samun ruwa a farkon Yuli 2026.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Tsarin kiwon lafiya kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali saboda lalacewar asibitoci, ƙarancin kayan aiki da ci gaba da haɗarin tsaro.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Matsalar samun agaji == Samun damar kai agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale. Ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga, rashin tsaro, lalacewar hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗi suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji kai taimako ga duk wuraren da suke buƙata. OCHA ta yi gargadin cewa raguwar tallafin kuɗi na iya rage ayyukan jin ƙai a lokacin da buƙatun suke da yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya == An yi ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin Gaza ta hanyar tattaunawar tsagaita wuta da musayar mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su da fursunoni. A shekarun da suka biyo bayan fara yaƙin, ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya da dama sun shiga matsakanci. A shekarar 2026, tattaunawar zaman lafiya da shirye-shiryen sake gina Gaza sun ci gaba da kasancewa batutuwan siyasa da na jin ƙai. Duk da wasu matakan rage tashin hankali, rahotannin OCHA na Agusta 2026 sun nuna cewa har yanzu ana samun hare-hare da asarar fararen hula.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Sake gina Gaza == Sake gina Gaza na buƙatar gyaran gidaje da muhimman ayyukan jama'a. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata akwai: * sake gina gidaje; * dawo da asibitoci; * sake buɗe makarantu; * gyaran hanyoyin ruwa; * dawo da wutar lantarki; * tsaftace wuraren da suka lalace; * tallafawa tattalin arziki; * samar da matsuguni na ɗorewa. Sake ginawa yana kuma buƙatar yanayin tsaro da siyasa da zai ba da damar ayyukan farfadowa su gudana. == Duba kuma == * [[Zirin Gaza]] * [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)]] * [[Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] * [[Rikicin Falasɗinawa]] * [[Hamas]] * [[UNRWA]] * [[OCHA]] * [[WHO]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 14 August 2026] * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 31 July 2026] * [https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank UNRWA — Situation Report #232] * [https://www.who.int/health-topics/occupied-palestinian-territory WHO — Occupied Palestinian Territory] [[Category:Gaza]] [[Category:Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] 3fbsq8ckq36c8viemq6fasjgh0jdqlq 905270 905263 2026-08-20T20:09:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Ƙaura */ 905270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza | native_name = Gaza humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2023–yanzu | location = [[Zirin Gaza]] | cause = Yaƙi, ƙaura, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalar ruwa da kiwon lafiya | affected = Mutanen Zirin Gaza | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Zirin Gaza]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza da ya fara a shekarar 2023]]. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, ƙaura mai yawa, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, matsalar abinci, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta, da kuma mummunar lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 14 August 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya biyo bayan hare-haren da [[Hamas]] da sauran ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa suka kai a kudancin [[Isra'ila]] a ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, da kuma yaƙin da Isra'ila ta fara a Gaza daga baya. Yaƙin ya haifar da babbar matsalar jin ƙai a Gaza, inda yawancin jama'a suka rasa matsugunansu kuma suka dogara da taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="UNRWA2026">{{cite web |title=UNRWA Situation Report #232 |url=https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank |publisher=[[UNRWA]] |date=11 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asali == Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza na 2023–yanzu]]. A ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, Hamas da wasu ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa sun kai hari a kudancin Isra'ila, inda aka kashe mutane tare da yin garkuwa da wasu.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Isra'ila ta fara babban farmakin soji a Zirin Gaza. Yaƙin ya haifar da lalacewar gidaje, makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyin ruwa, hanyoyin sufuri da sauran muhimman ababen more rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ya tilasta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da rikicin ya haifar. Miliyoyin mutanen Gaza sun rasa gidajensu ko kuma sun bar wuraren zama saboda faɗa da umarnin ƙaura. OCHA ta ruwaito a watan Agusta 2026 cewa mafi yawan mutanen Gaza har yanzu suna cikin ƙaura kuma suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu iyalai sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa daga wani wuri zuwa wani saboda canjin wuraren faɗa da kuma matsalar samun mafaka. == Matsalar abinci == Rikicin ya lalata noma, kasuwanni, wuraren ajiyar abinci da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Ƙuntatawar shigar kayayyaki da taimakon jin ƙai, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da matsalolin tsaro sun shafi samar da abinci. A shekarar 2025, wasu yankunan Gaza sun fuskanci matakan matsananciyar rashin abinci da suka kai ga yunwa. Bayan ƙarin shigar taimakon abinci, yanayin abinci ya inganta a wasu lokuta a 2026, amma buƙatun sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 31 July 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Raguwar ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan agaji tun daga Fabrairu 2026 na iya jefa wannan ci gaba cikin haɗari.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin Gaza. A farkon Yuli 2026, wani binciken da OCHA ta ambata ya nuna cewa kusan '''kashi 90%''' na mutanen Gaza suna fuskantar ƙarancin samun ruwa daga matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani, daga kashi 84% a watan Yuni.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Lalacewar hanyoyin samar da ruwa, ƙarancin man fetur da wutar lantarki da lalacewar tsarin tsafta sun ƙara matsalar. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta yana kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Gaza ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon yaƙin. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama sun lalace ko sun daina aiki yadda ya kamata. WHO ta bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai kan kiwon lafiya sun lalata ikon tsarin lafiya na Gaza na samar da kulawa ga mutanen da suke buƙata.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on healthcare in conflict zones averaging more than four a day in 2026, World Health Organization says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/attacks-healthcare-conflict-zones-averaging-more-four-day-2026-world-health-2026-08-14/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton WHO na 2026 ya nuna cewa dukkan asibitocin Gaza sun samu lalacewa, yayin da kusan rabinsu kawai suke ci gaba da aiki a wani mataki.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Karancin magunguna, kayan aiki, man fetur da ma'aikatan lafiya yana ƙara wahalar samun kulawar gaggawa. == Cututtuka == Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, cunkoso da lalacewar tsarin tsafta suna ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. Mutanen da ke cikin wuraren ƙaura suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa da rashin tsafta. Raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya yana rage ikon hukumomi na rigakafi da magance barkewar cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar illar rikicin. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rauni, mutuwa, tamowa, cututtuka, rasa ilimi da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari saboda ƙarancin samun kulawar haihuwa da magunguna. == Tamowa == Rashin abinci da matsalar samun kulawar lafiya sun ƙara haɗarin tamowa, musamman tsakanin yara ƙanana. Matsalar tamowa tana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma tana iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa ga yara. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna samar da abinci na musamman da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da tamowa, amma samun damar kai wannan taimako yana dogara da tsaro da wadatar kayayyaki. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse ilimin yara a Gaza. Makarantu da yawa sun lalace ko kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin matsugunan mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu. Rashin tsaro da ƙaura sun hana miliyoyin yara samun tsarin karatu na yau da kullum. UNRWA ta ci gaba da bayar da wasu ayyukan ilimi da kariya ga yara duk da matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kayan aiki.<ref name="UNRWA2026"/> == Lalacewar gidaje == An lalata gidaje da dama a lokacin yaƙin. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu suna zama a makarantu, wuraren jama'a, tantuna ko wasu gine-ginen da suka rage. Lalacewar gidaje tana ƙara matsalar ƙaura kuma tana sanya dawowar iyalai zuwa wuraren da suka fito daga gare su cikin wahala. == Ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙin ya lalata ko katse muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Daga cikin waɗanda suka samu illa akwai: * asibitoci; * makarantu; * hanyoyin ruwa; * cibiyoyin tsafta; * hanyoyi; * gidaje; * tsarin wutar lantarki; * wuraren samar da abinci. Lalacewar waɗannan ayyuka ta sa farfadowar Gaza ta zama mai wahala. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna kai abinci, ruwa, magunguna da sauran kayan taimako zuwa Gaza. Duk da haka, ƙuntatawar shiga, matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage yawan taimakon da za a iya kaiwa ga jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> OCHA ta bayyana a watan Agusta 2026 cewa ayyukan jin ƙai suna ci gaba duk da ƙuntatawar samun damar kai agaji da ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai suna fuskantar babban haɗari yayin gudanar da ayyukansu a Gaza. A rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na ranar 19 Agusta 2026, Gaza ta kasance wuri mafi haɗari ga ma'aikatan jin ƙai a duniya a shekarar 2025, inda aka ruwaito mutuwar ma'aikatan jin ƙai da dama.<ref name="AidWorkers2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on aid workers hit record high in 2025, UN says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/attacks-aid-workers-hit-record-high-2025-un-says-2026-08-19/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=19 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Haɗarin ma'aikatan agaji yana rage damar ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai kai taimako cikin aminci da ci gaba. == Rikicin tattalin arziki == Yaƙin ya lalata tattalin arzikin Gaza. Yawancin kamfanoni, gonaki, kasuwanni da wuraren aiki sun samu illa. Rashin aikin yi da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga sun ƙara dogaro da iyalai kan taimakon jin ƙai. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa tana kuma ƙara wahalar sake farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin. == Tasirin tunani da zamantakewa == Yaƙin da ƙaura sun shafi lafiyar tunani da zamantakewar jama'a. Yara da manya suna fuskantar damuwa sakamakon rasa 'yan uwa, gidaje, makarantu da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Rashin tsaro na dogon lokaci yana ƙara buƙatar ayyukan kula da lafiyar tunani da tallafin zamantakewa. == Yanayin jin ƙai a 2026 == A watan Agusta 2026, OCHA ta bayyana cewa yawancin mutanen Gaza suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙaura da mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Duk da wasu alamun ingantuwar samun abinci a 2026, buƙatun jin ƙai sun kasance masu yawa kuma raguwar taimakon da ake samu na iya sake tsananta matsalar.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> Matsalar ruwa ta kasance mai tsanani, inda kusan kashi 90% na jama'a suka fuskanci matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarancin samun ruwa a farkon Yuli 2026.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Tsarin kiwon lafiya kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali saboda lalacewar asibitoci, ƙarancin kayan aiki da ci gaba da haɗarin tsaro.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Matsalar samun agaji == Samun damar kai agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale. Ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga, rashin tsaro, lalacewar hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗi suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji kai taimako ga duk wuraren da suke buƙata. OCHA ta yi gargadin cewa raguwar tallafin kuɗi na iya rage ayyukan jin ƙai a lokacin da buƙatun suke da yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya == An yi ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin Gaza ta hanyar tattaunawar tsagaita wuta da musayar mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su da fursunoni. A shekarun da suka biyo bayan fara yaƙin, ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya da dama sun shiga matsakanci. A shekarar 2026, tattaunawar zaman lafiya da shirye-shiryen sake gina Gaza sun ci gaba da kasancewa batutuwan siyasa da na jin ƙai. Duk da wasu matakan rage tashin hankali, rahotannin OCHA na Agusta 2026 sun nuna cewa har yanzu ana samun hare-hare da asarar fararen hula.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Sake gina Gaza == Sake gina Gaza na buƙatar gyaran gidaje da muhimman ayyukan jama'a. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata akwai: * sake gina gidaje; * dawo da asibitoci; * sake buɗe makarantu; * gyaran hanyoyin ruwa; * dawo da wutar lantarki; * tsaftace wuraren da suka lalace; * tallafawa tattalin arziki; * samar da matsuguni na ɗorewa. Sake ginawa yana kuma buƙatar yanayin tsaro da siyasa da zai ba da damar ayyukan farfadowa su gudana. == Duba kuma == * [[Zirin Gaza]] * [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)]] * [[Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] * [[Rikicin Falasɗinawa]] * [[Hamas]] * [[UNRWA]] * [[OCHA]] * [[WHO]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 14 August 2026] * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 31 July 2026] * [https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank UNRWA — Situation Report #232] * [https://www.who.int/health-topics/occupied-palestinian-territory WHO — Occupied Palestinian Territory] [[Category:Gaza]] [[Category:Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] pgs25zr1h3d10dqfip7r70dl1qmi3iy 905278 905270 2026-08-20T20:36:00Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Ƙaura */ 905278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza | native_name = Gaza humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2023–yanzu | location = [[Zirin Gaza]] | cause = Yaƙi, ƙaura, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa, ƙarancin abinci, matsalar ruwa da kiwon lafiya | affected = Mutanen Zirin Gaza | displaced = Miliyoyin mutane }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza''' wani babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Zirin Gaza]] a lokacin [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza da ya fara a shekarar 2023]]. Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, ƙaura mai yawa, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, matsalar abinci, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta, da kuma mummunar lalacewar tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 14 August 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya biyo bayan hare-haren da [[Hamas]] da sauran ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa suka kai a kudancin [[Isra'ila]] a ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, da kuma yaƙin da Isra'ila ta fara a Gaza daga baya. Yaƙin ya haifar da babbar matsalar jin ƙai a Gaza, inda yawancin jama'a suka rasa matsugunansu kuma suka dogara da taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="UNRWA2026">{{cite web |title=UNRWA Situation Report #232 |url=https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank |publisher=[[UNRWA]] |date=11 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asali == Rikicin jin ƙai na Gaza yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)|yaƙin Gaza na 2023–yanzu]]. A ranar 7 Oktoba 2023, Hamas da wasu ƙungiyoyin Falasɗinawa sun kai hari a kudancin Isra'ila, inda aka kashe mutane tare da yin garkuwa da wasu.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Isra'ila ta fara babban farmakin soji a Zirin Gaza. Yaƙin ya haifar da lalacewar gidaje, makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyin ruwa, hanyoyin sufuri da sauran muhimman ababen more rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ya tilasta kasancewa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da rikicin ya haifar. Miliyoyin mutanen Gaza sun rasa gidajensu ko kuma sun bar wuraren zama saboda faɗa da umarnin ƙaura. OCHA ta ruwaito a watan Agusta 2026 cewa mafi yawan mutanen Gaza har yanzu suna cikin ƙaura kuma suna rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Wasu iyalai sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa daga wani wuri zuwa wani saboda canjin wuraren faɗa da kuma matsalar samun mafaka. == Matsalar abinci == Rikicin ya lalata noma, kasuwanni, wuraren ajiyar abinci da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Ƙuntatawar shigar kayayyaki da taimakon jin ƙai, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da matsalolin tsaro sun shafi samar da abinci. A shekarar 2025, wasu yankunan Gaza sun fuskanci matakan matsananciyar rashin abinci da suka kai ga yunwa. Bayan ƙarin shigar taimakon abinci, yanayin abinci ya inganta a wasu lokuta a 2026, amma buƙatun sun ci gaba da kasancewa masu yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Situation Report | 31 July 2026 |url=https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=31 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Raguwar ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan agaji tun daga Fabrairu 2026 na iya jefa wannan ci gaba cikin haɗari.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin Gaza. A farkon Yuli 2026, wani binciken da OCHA ta ambata ya nuna cewa kusan '''kashi 90%''' na mutanen Gaza suna fuskantar ƙarancin samun ruwa daga matsakaici zuwa mai tsanani, daga kashi 84% a watan Yuni.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Lalacewar hanyoyin samar da ruwa, ƙarancin man fetur da wutar lantarki da lalacewar tsarin tsafta sun ƙara matsalar. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta yana kuma ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Gaza ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon yaƙin. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya da dama sun lalace ko sun daina aiki yadda ya kamata. WHO ta bayyana cewa hare-haren da aka kai kan kiwon lafiya sun lalata ikon tsarin lafiya na Gaza na samar da kulawa ga mutanen da suke buƙata.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on healthcare in conflict zones averaging more than four a day in 2026, World Health Organization says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/attacks-healthcare-conflict-zones-averaging-more-four-day-2026-world-health-2026-08-14/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rahoton WHO na 2026 ya nuna cewa dukkan asibitocin Gaza sun samu lalacewa, yayin da kusan rabinsu kawai suke ci gaba da aiki a wani mataki.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Karancin magunguna, kayan aiki, man fetur da ma'aikatan lafiya yana ƙara wahalar samun kulawar gaggawa. == Cututtuka == Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, cunkoso da lalacewar tsarin tsafta suna ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. Mutanen da ke cikin wuraren ƙaura suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin cututtukan da ke yaɗuwa ta ruwa da rashin tsafta. Raunin tsarin kiwon lafiya yana rage ikon hukumomi na rigakafi da magance barkewar cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar illar rikicin. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rauni, mutuwa, tamowa, cututtuka, rasa ilimi da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari saboda ƙarancin samun kulawar haihuwa da magunguna. == Tamowa == Rashin abinci da matsalar samun kulawar lafiya sun ƙara haɗarin tamowa, musamman tsakanin yara ƙanana. Matsalar tamowa tana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cututtuka kuma tana iya ƙara haɗarin mutuwa ga yara. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna samar da abinci na musamman da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da tamowa, amma samun damar kai wannan taimako yana dogara da tsaro da wadatar kayayyaki. == Ilimi == Yaƙin ya katse ilimin yara a Gaza. Makarantu da yawa sun lalace ko kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin matsugunan mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu. Rashin tsaro da ƙaura sun hana miliyoyin yara samun tsarin karatu na yau da kullum. UNRWA ta ci gaba da bayar da wasu ayyukan ilimi da kariya ga yara duk da matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kayan aiki.<ref name="UNRWA2026"/> == Lalacewar gidaje == An lalata gidaje da dama a lokacin yaƙin. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu suna zama a makarantu, wuraren jama'a, tantuna ko wasu gine-ginen da suka rage. Lalacewar gidaje tana ƙara matsalar ƙaura kuma tana sanya dawowar iyalai zuwa wuraren da suka fito daga gare su cikin wahala. == Ababen more rayuwa == Yaƙin ya lalata ko katse muhimman ababen more rayuwa. Daga cikin waɗanda suka samu illa akwai: * asibitoci; * makarantu; * hanyoyin ruwa; * cibiyoyin tsafta; * hanyoyi; * gidaje; * tsarin wutar lantarki; * wuraren samar da abinci. Lalacewar waɗannan ayyuka ta sa farfadowar Gaza ta zama mai wahala. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna kai abinci, ruwa, magunguna da sauran kayan taimako zuwa Gaza. Duk da haka, ƙuntatawar shiga, matsalolin tsaro da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage yawan taimakon da za a iya kaiwa ga jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> OCHA ta bayyana a watan Agusta 2026 cewa ayyukan jin ƙai suna ci gaba duk da ƙuntatawar samun damar kai agaji da ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai suna fuskantar babban haɗari yayin gudanar da ayyukansu a Gaza. A rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na ranar 19 Agusta 2026, Gaza ta kasance wuri mafi haɗari ga ma'aikatan jin ƙai a duniya a shekarar 2025, inda aka ruwaito mutuwar ma'aikatan jin ƙai da dama.<ref name="AidWorkers2026">{{cite news |title=Attacks on aid workers hit record high in 2025, UN says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/attacks-aid-workers-hit-record-high-2025-un-says-2026-08-19/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=19 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Haɗarin ma'aikatan agaji yana rage damar ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai kai taimako cikin aminci da ci gaba. == Rikicin tattalin arziki == Yaƙin ya lalata tattalin arzikin Gaza. Yawancin kamfanoni, gonaki, kasuwanni da wuraren aiki sun samu illa. Rashin aikin yi da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga sun ƙara dogaro da iyalai kan taimakon jin ƙai. Lalacewar ababen more rayuwa tana kuma ƙara wahalar sake farfado da tattalin arzikin yankin. == Tasirin tunani da zamantakewa == Yaƙin da ƙaura sun shafi lafiyar tunani da zamantakewar jama'a. Yara da manya suna fuskantar damuwa sakamakon rasa 'yan uwa, gidaje, makarantu da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Rashin tsaro na dogon lokaci yana ƙara buƙatar ayyukan kula da lafiyar tunani da tallafin zamantakewa. == Yanayin jin ƙai a 2026 == A watan Agusta 2026, OCHA ta bayyana cewa yawancin mutanen Gaza suna ci gaba da kasancewa cikin ƙaura da mawuyacin yanayin rayuwa.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Duk da wasu alamun ingantuwar samun abinci a 2026, buƙatun jin ƙai sun kasance masu yawa kuma raguwar taimakon da ake samu na iya sake tsananta matsalar.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> Matsalar ruwa ta kasance mai tsanani, inda kusan kashi 90% na jama'a suka fuskanci matsakaici zuwa babban ƙarancin samun ruwa a farkon Yuli 2026.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Tsarin kiwon lafiya kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin mawuyacin hali saboda lalacewar asibitoci, ƙarancin kayan aiki da ci gaba da haɗarin tsaro.<ref name="WHO2026"/> == Matsalar samun agaji == Samun damar kai agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale. Ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga, rashin tsaro, lalacewar hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗi suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji kai taimako ga duk wuraren da suke buƙata. OCHA ta yi gargadin cewa raguwar tallafin kuɗi na iya rage ayyukan jin ƙai a lokacin da buƙatun suke da yawa.<ref name="OCHAJuly2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya == An yi ƙoƙarin sasanta rikicin Gaza ta hanyar tattaunawar tsagaita wuta da musayar mutanen da aka yi garkuwa da su da fursunoni. A shekarun da suka biyo bayan fara yaƙin, ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya da dama sun shiga matsakanci. A shekarar 2026, tattaunawar zaman lafiya da shirye-shiryen sake gina Gaza sun ci gaba da kasancewa batutuwan siyasa da na jin ƙai. Duk da wasu matakan rage tashin hankali, rahotannin OCHA na Agusta 2026 sun nuna cewa har yanzu ana samun hare-hare da asarar fararen hula.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Sake gina Gaza == Sake gina Gaza na buƙatar gyaran gidaje da muhimman ayyukan jama'a. Daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake buƙata akwai: * sake gina gidaje; * dawo da asibitoci; * sake buɗe makarantu; * gyaran hanyoyin ruwa; * dawo da wutar lantarki; * tsaftace wuraren da suka lalace; * tallafawa tattalin arziki; * samar da matsuguni na ɗorewa. Sake ginawa yana kuma buƙatar yanayin tsaro da siyasa da zai ba da damar ayyukan farfadowa su gudana. == Duba kuma == * [[Zirin Gaza]] * [[Yaƙin Gaza (2023–yanzu)]] * [[Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] * [[Rikicin Falasɗinawa]] * [[Hamas]] * [[UNRWA]] * [[OCHA]] * [[WHO]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-14-august-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 14 August 2026] * [https://www.ochaopt.org/content/humanitarian-situation-report-31-july-2026 OCHA — Humanitarian Situation Report, 31 July 2026] * [https://www.unrwa.org/resources/reports/unrwa-situation-report-232-humanitarian-crisis-gaza-strip-and-occupied-west-bank UNRWA — Situation Report #232] * [https://www.who.int/health-topics/occupied-palestinian-territory WHO — Occupied Palestinian Territory] [[Category:Gaza]] [[Category:Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Isra'ila da Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Falasɗinu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] 3motkbjhmwb912jwsacpe1pe810obbl 0 164973 905244 2026-08-20T19:40:03Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Haiti | native_name = Haiti humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2018–yanzu | location = [[Haiti]] | cause = Rikicin siyasa, tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai, talauci, ƙaura, rashin abinci da bala'o'in yanayi | displaced = Kimanin miliyan 1.4 a ƙarshen 2025 | affected = Haiti }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Haiti''' wani rikici ne mai tsanani da ya haɗa matsalolin tsaro, siyasa, tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, abinci... 905244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Haiti | native_name = Haiti humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2018–yanzu | location = [[Haiti]] | cause = Rikicin siyasa, tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai, talauci, ƙaura, rashin abinci da bala'o'in yanayi | displaced = Kimanin miliyan 1.4 a ƙarshen 2025 | affected = Haiti }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Haiti''' wani rikici ne mai tsanani da ya haɗa matsalolin tsaro, siyasa, tattalin arziki, kiwon lafiya, abinci da ƙaura a [[Haiti]]. Rikicin ya tsananta saboda faɗa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin makamai, raunin hukumomin gwamnati, talauci, bala'o'in yanayi da ƙarancin ayyukan jama'a.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Haiti: 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/haiti/haiti-2026-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-executive-summary-december-2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |date=19 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya fi tsanani a [[Port-au-Prince]], inda ƙungiyoyin makamai suka faɗaɗa ikon da suke da shi a wasu yankuna, amma tasirin rikicin ya bazu zuwa sauran sassan ƙasar. Tashin hankalin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, sace mutane, tashin hankali na jinsi da kuma ƙaura mai yawa.<ref name="UNHCR2026">{{cite web |title=Haiti |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/haiti |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2026, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ci gaba da ɗaukar Haiti a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da ake buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai da kiwon lafiya na gaggawa.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite web |title=Haiti: WHO Health Emergency Appeal 2026 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/haiti--who-health-emergency-appeal-2026 |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=3 February 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asalin rikicin == Rikicin Haiti ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwar matsalolin siyasa, tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da suka daɗe suna faruwa a ƙasar. Rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa, raunin hukumomin gwamnati, talauci da rashin ayyukan jama'a sun taimaka wajen ƙara rashin tsaro. Bayan kisan shugaban Haiti [[Jovenel Moïse]] a watan Yuli 2021, rikicin siyasa ya ƙara tsananta. A shekarun da suka biyo baya, ƙungiyoyin makamai sun ƙara faɗaɗa ikon su, musamman a Port-au-Prince. == Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai == Ƙungiyoyin makamai suna daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da rikicin jin ƙai. Faɗa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin makamai da jami'an tsaro ya jawo hare-hare kan fararen hula, sace mutane, fashi, ƙone gidaje da tilasta mutane barin wuraren zama.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> Tashin hankalin ya kuma shafi muhimman wuraren jama'a kamar asibitoci, makarantu, hanyoyi da kasuwanni. == Port-au-Prince == [[Port-au-Prince]] babban birnin Haiti ne kuma ya kasance cibiyar rikicin. Ƙungiyoyin makamai sun ƙara mamaye wasu yankunan birnin da kewayensa, lamarin da ya hana mutane samun ayyukan yau da kullum. Rashin tsaro ya shafi zirga-zirga da kuma kai kayan abinci, magunguna da sauran kayayyaki zuwa jama'a. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. Mutane suna barin gidajensu saboda tashin hankali, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da rashin tsaro. A ƙarshen shekarar 2025, kimanin '''miliyan 1.4''' mutane sun kasance cikin ƙaura a cikin Haiti, wanda ya yi daidai da kusan mutum ɗaya cikin takwas na yawan jama'ar ƙasar.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement">{{cite web |title=Forced displacement crises |url=https://www.unhcr.org/refugee-statistics/insights/explainers/forced-displacement-crises.html |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=11 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna zama a wuraren wucin gadi ko kuma tare da iyalan da suka karɓe su. == Rashin abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin jin ƙai a Haiti. Tashin hankali yana hana mutane zuwa gonaki da kasuwanni, yayin da matsalolin tsaro ke katse hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. A cikin 2026, OCHA ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane za su fuskanci rashin isasshen abinci a lokacin daga Maris zuwa Yuni.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> Kimanin mutane miliyan 1.9 suna cikin matakin gaggawa na matsalar rashin abinci.<ref name="OCHAFood">{{cite web |title=Haiti |url=https://www.unocha.org/haiti |publisher=[[OCHA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na Haiti ya samu mummunar illa sakamakon tashin hankali, ƙarancin kuɗi da rashin tsaro. A shekarar 2026, kusan '''miliyan 4.9''' mutane suna buƙatar taimakon kiwon lafiya.<ref name="WHO2026"/> WHO ta bayyana cewa tashin hankali, ƙaura mai yawa da sake yaɗuwar [[kwalara]] suna hana mutane samun kulawar lafiya.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, musamman a Port-au-Prince, ba sa aiki yadda ya kamata ko kuma sun daina aiki saboda rashin tsaro. == Kwalara da cututtuka == Haiti na da dogon tarihin barkewar [[kwalara]]. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, ƙarancin tsafta da cunkoso a wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suke zama suna ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cututtuka. A shekarar 2026, WHO ta bayyana cewa sake yaɗuwar kwalara na daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="WHO2026"/> Sauran cututtuka masu yaɗuwa da kuma ƙarancin damar samun rigakafi suna ƙara haɗarin lafiyar jama'a. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] yana daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen da mutanen Haiti ke fuskanta. Tashin hankali da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa suna hana wasu al'ummomi samun ruwa mai kyau. Wuraren da ake karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna fuskantar ƙarin matsin lamba kan ruwa da tsarin tsafta. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rabuwa da iyalansu, rasa makaranta, tamowa da cututtuka. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin tashin hankali na jinsi, ciki har da fyade da sauran nau'o'in cin zarafi.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> == Ilimi == Tashin hankali ya katse karatun yara da dama. Makarantu na iya rufewa saboda rashin tsaro, kuma wasu gine-ginen makarantu ana amfani da su wajen karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Rashin damar zuwa makaranta na dogon lokaci yana ƙara haɗarin yara shiga talauci da aikin da bai dace da shekarunsu ba. == Tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya ƙara raunana tattalin arzikin Haiti. Rashin tsaro yana hana kasuwanci, noma da zirga-zirgar kayayyaki. Hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da rashin aikin yi suna rage ikon iyalai na biyan bukatun yau da kullum. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu da hanyoyin samun kuɗi suna ƙara dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Bala'o'in yanayi == Haiti na da rauni sosai ga [[girgizar ƙasa]], guguwa, ambaliyar ruwa da zaizayar ƙasa. Bala'o'in yanayi suna ƙara matsalolin da rikicin tsaro ya haifar. Gidaje da ababen more rayuwa da suka riga suka raunana na iya samun ƙarin lalacewa sakamakon guguwa ko ambaliyar ruwa. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da abinci, ruwa, kiwon lafiya, matsuguni da kariya ga mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. A shekarar 2026, shirin jin ƙai na Haiti ya tsara taimaka wa kusan '''miliyan 4.2''' mutane masu dogaro da taimakon ceton rayuka.<ref name="OCHAHRP">{{cite web |title=2026 Humanitarian Response Plan Launched in Haiti, Seeks to Assist 4.2 Million People |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/haiti/2026-humanitarian-response-plan-launched-haiti-seeks-assist-42-million-people |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=18 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ayyukan agaji sun haɗa da: * samar da abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu; * taimakon kuɗi; * ilimi. == Ƙalubalen samun agaji == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke hana kai taimakon jin ƙai. Toshe hanyoyi, hare-hare, fashi da faɗa suna iya hana ma'aikatan agaji isa ga mutanen da suke buƙatar taimako. OCHA ta bayyana cewa rikicin tsaro da ƙaura mai yawa suna ci gaba da tsananta buƙatun jin ƙai a Haiti.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == 'Yan gudun hijira da ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje == Baya ga mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin Haiti, rikicin ya tilasta wa wasu 'yan Haiti barin ƙasar. Wasu sun nemi mafaka a ƙasashe makwabta da sauran ƙasashen yankin [[Caribbean]] da [[Amurka ta Arewa]]. UNHCR tana tallafawa mutanen da rikicin ya shafa da kuma ƙoƙarin inganta kariya da samun takardun shaida.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> == Tasirin rikicin ga yara == Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin tashin hankali, ƙaura, yunwa da rasa ilimi. Wasu yara suna rayuwa a wuraren matsuguni tare da iyalansu bayan sun bar gidajensu. Rashin abinci da cututtuka na iya yin illa ga ci gaban yara na jiki da na kwakwalwa. == Tasirin rikicin ga mata == Mata suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗari saboda tashin hankali da rashin samun ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Tashin hankali na jinsi yana daga cikin matsalolin kariya da hukumomin jin ƙai ke ƙoƙarin magancewa. Mata masu juna biyu suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun kulawar haihuwa idan asibitoci ko hanyoyin zuwa asibiti ba su da tsaro. == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A shekarar 2026, rikicin Haiti ya ci gaba da tsananta saboda haɗuwar tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai, ƙaura, rashin abinci, talauci da raunin ayyukan gwamnati. UNHCR ta nuna cewa '''miliyan 1.4''' mutane sun kasance cikin ƙaura a cikin ƙasar a ƙarshen 2025.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement"/> WHO ta kiyasta cewa '''miliyan 4.9''' mutane za su buƙaci taimakon kiwon lafiya a 2026, yayin da tsarin kiwon lafiya ke fuskantar matsanancin matsin lamba.<ref name="WHO2026"/> OCHA ta kuma bayyana cewa kusan '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane za su fuskanci rashin isasshen abinci a lokacin daga Maris zuwa Yuni 2026.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin magance rikicin == Magance rikicin Haiti yana buƙatar haɗa matakan tsaro, siyasa, tattalin arziki da jin ƙai. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake ganin suna da muhimmanci akwai: * kare fararen hula; * rage tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai; * ƙarfafa hukumomin gwamnati; * inganta tsarin shari'a; * samar da abinci da kiwon lafiya; * tallafawa mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu; * sake gina ababen more rayuwa; * inganta ilimi; * samar da ayyukan yi; * ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen rage haɗarin bala'o'i. == Duba kuma == * [[Haiti]] * [[Port-au-Prince]] * [[Jamhuriyar Dominican]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[WHO]] * [[OCHA]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Venezuela]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Yemen]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unocha.org/haiti OCHA — Haiti] * [https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/haiti/haiti-2026-humanitarian-needs-and-response-plan-executive-summary-december-2025 OCHA — Haiti 2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/haiti UNHCR — Haiti] * [https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/haiti--who-health-emergency-appeal-2026 WHO — Haiti Health Emergency Appeal 2026] [[Category:Haiti]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen siyasa]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Afirka da Amurka]] t1k8l9pdwqun9onph4ti10yk32s134f 0 164974 905245 2026-08-20T19:41:49Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo | native_name = Democratic Republic of the Congo humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 1996–yanzu | location = [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] | cause = Rikice-rikicen makamai, rikicin ƙabilanci, ƙaura, talauci, cututtuka da bala'o'in yanayi | displaced = Fiye da miliyan 6.9 a cikin ƙasar | affected = Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Jamhuriyar Dimokur... 905245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo | native_name = Democratic Republic of the Congo humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 1996–yanzu | location = [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] | cause = Rikice-rikicen makamai, rikicin ƙabilanci, ƙaura, talauci, cututtuka da bala'o'in yanayi | displaced = Fiye da miliyan 6.9 a cikin ƙasar | affected = Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo''' babban rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya shafi [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] (JDK), musamman gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin ya samo asali ne daga shekaru da dama na [[rikicin Kongo]], rikice-rikicen makamai, tashin hankalin ƙabilanci, talauci, raunin hukumomi, ƙaura da cututtuka. A shekarar 2026, kusan '''mutane miliyan 15''' ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai a ƙasar.<ref name="OCHA2026">{{cite web |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.unocha.org/democratic-republic-congo |publisher=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya fi tsanani a lardunan [[North Kivu]], [[South Kivu]] da [[Ituri]], inda ƙungiyoyin makamai da sojojin gwamnati ke faɗa. Rikicin ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa, mutuwar fararen hula, lalacewar ababen more rayuwa da matsalolin abinci da kiwon lafiya.<ref name="UNHCR2026">{{cite web |title=Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/democratic-republic-congo |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Tushen rikicin jin ƙai na Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo yana da alaƙa da rikice-rikicen siyasa da na makamai da suka biyo bayan [[Yakin Kongo na Farko]] da [[Yakin Kongo na Biyu]]. Bayan yaƙe-yaƙen Kongo, ƙungiyoyin makamai da dama sun ci gaba da aiki a gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin mallakar ƙasa, albarkatun ƙasa, bambancin ƙabilanci da raunin ikon gwamnati sun taimaka wajen ci gaba da tashin hankali. == Rikicin gabashin ƙasar == Gabashin Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo shi ne yankin da rikicin jin ƙai ya fi tsanani. A [[North Kivu]], [[South Kivu]] da [[Ituri]], ƙungiyoyin makamai da dama suna fafatawa da sojojin gwamnati ko da juna. Daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka taka rawa a rikicin akwai [[M23]], [[Allied Democratic Forces|ADF]] da wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyin makamai. Ci gaba da faɗa yana tilasta wa fararen hula barin gidajensu kuma yana rage damar samun abinci, kiwon lafiya da sauran ayyukan jama'a.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> == M23 == [[M23]] na daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin makamai da suka taka rawa a sabon rikicin gabashin Kongo. A shekarun 2024 da 2025, M23 ta ƙara faɗaɗa iko a sassan North Kivu da South Kivu. A shekarar 2025, hare-haren M23 a kusa da [[Goma]] da [[Bukavu]] sun haifar da ƙaura mai yawa. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ruwaito cewa sama da mutane 700,000 sun rasa matsugunansu a farkon watannin 2025 sakamakon manyan hare-haren da aka kai a gabashin ƙasar.<ref name="UN2025">{{cite web |title=Humanitarian Coordinator Statement to the Member States Briefing on the humanitarian situation in the DRC |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/humanitarian-coordinator-statement-member-states-briefing-humanitarian-situation-drc-geneva-25-march-2025 |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=25 March 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Goma == [[Goma]] babban birni ne na North Kivu kuma yana kusa da iyakar [[Rwanda]]. Birnin ya karɓi ɗimbin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga yankunan da ake faɗa. Faɗan da ya shafi M23 ya ƙara matsin lamba kan abinci, ruwa, kiwon lafiya da matsuguni a Goma da kewayenta. == Bukavu == [[Bukavu]] babban birnin South Kivu ne. Rikicin da ya shafi M23 da sauran ƙungiyoyin makamai ya shafi yankunan da ke kusa da birnin. Ƙaura daga yankunan karkara zuwa Bukavu ta ƙara yawan mutanen da ke buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas tana daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa DRC na da kusan '''miliyan 6.9''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar, fiye da miliyan 5 daga cikinsu suna North Kivu, South Kivu da Ituri.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> Wani rahoton UNHCR ya nuna cewa zuwa Satumba 2025, kusan '''miliyan 8.2''' mutane suna cikin ƙaura ta tilas a DRC, ciki har da mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar da 'yan gudun hijira da suka tsere zuwa ƙasashen waje.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement">{{cite web |title=DR Congo emergency |url=https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/dr-congo-emergency |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ana hasashen adadin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu zai iya kaiwa kusan '''miliyan 9''' zuwa ƙarshen 2026.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement"/> == 'Yan gudun hijira == Wasu 'yan ƙasar Kongo sun tsere zuwa ƙasashe makwabta domin neman tsaro. Daga cikin ƙasashen da suka karɓi 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo akwai [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambiya]] da [[Jamhuriyar Kongo]]. A shekarar 2026, fiye da '''miliyan 1.2''' 'yan Kongo suna matsayin 'yan gudun hijira a wasu ƙasashen Afirka.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement"/> Uganda na daga cikin manyan ƙasashen da ke karɓar 'yan gudun hijirar Kongo. == Rashin abinci == Rikicin makamai yana da babban tasiri kan samar da abinci. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu suna yawan rasa gonaki, dabbobi da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Faɗa kuma yana katse kasuwanni da hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. A wasu sassan gabashin ƙasar, mutane suna fuskantar matsanancin rashin abinci saboda haɗuwar yaƙi, ƙaura, talauci da ƙarancin taimako.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> == Tamowa == Yara suna daga cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar matsalar rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Rashin abinci, cututtuka da ƙarancin samun kulawar lafiya suna ƙara haɗarin tamowa. Shirye-shiryen jin ƙai suna samar da abinci mai gina jiki da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da matsananciyar tamowa. == Kiwon lafiya == Tsarin kiwon lafiya na DRC yana fuskantar matsin lamba saboda rikicin makamai, ƙaura da cututtuka. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a wuraren da ake faɗa suna fuskantar ƙarancin ma'aikata, magunguna da kayan aiki. Hare-haren da ake kai wa cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya suna ƙara wahalar kai magani ga fararen hula. WHO ta nuna cewa tashin hankali a DRC ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke hana ayyukan kiwon lafiya da martanin gaggawa.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite web |title=Attacks on healthcare in conflict zones averaging more than four a day in 2026, World Health Organization says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/attacks-healthcare-conflict-zones-averaging-more-four-day-2026-08-14/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=14 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ebola == DRC ta sake fuskantar babban barkewar [[Ebola]] a shekarar 2026. Barkewar ta fara a [[Ituri]] kuma ta ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin kiwon lafiya da ya riga ya raunana. A watan Agusta 2026, hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun ruwaito cewa barkewar ta zama mafi muni a tarihin Ebola na DRC, tare da dubban mutane da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="Ebola2026">{{cite news |title=Ebola cases in Congo exceed 5,000, government data shows |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/ebola-cases-congo-exceed-5000-government-data-shows-2026-08-19/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=19 August 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin makamai, rashin isasshen kayan kiwon lafiya da wahalar isa ga wasu yankuna sun ƙara wahalar shawo kan barkewar. == Kwalara da sauran cututtuka == Kwalara da sauran cututtukan da ake iya rigakafinsu suna ci gaba da zama matsala a wasu yankuna. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta, cunkoso a wuraren ƙaura da ƙarancin tsafta suna ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Barkewar cututtuka tana ƙara nauyin da ke kan asibitoci da ma'aikatan lafiya. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. A sansanonin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu, ƙarancin rijiyoyi da tsarin tsafta na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Kungiyoyin agaji suna samar da ruwa, bandakuna da kayan tsafta a wuraren da buƙatar ta fi yawa. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rabuwa da iyalansu, rasa makaranta, tamowa da cututtuka. Mata da 'yan mata kuma suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], ciki har da fyade da sauran nau'o'in cin zarafi. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ruwaito cewa rikicin gabashin DRC yana da alaƙa da rahotannin tashin hankali na jinsi da sauran take haƙƙin ɗan Adam.<ref name="UNHCRDisplacement"/> == Ilimi == Yaƙi da ƙaura sun katse ilimin yara. Wasu makarantu sun rufe saboda rashin tsaro, yayin da wasu aka lalata ko aka mayar da su wuraren matsuguni. Rashin zuwa makaranta na dogon lokaci na iya haifar da matsalolin ilimi da tattalin arziki ga yara. == Tashin hankali na jinsi == Tashin hankali na jinsi ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin kariya a rikicin. Mata da 'yan mata a yankunan da ake faɗa suna fuskantar haɗarin fyade da sauran nau'o'in cin zarafi. Ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai suna samar da kulawar lafiya, tallafin tunani da kariya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. == Albarkatun ƙasa == DRC tana da ɗimbin albarkatun ƙasa, ciki har da [[zinariya]], [[cobalt]], [[jan ƙarfe]] da [[coltan]]. Albarkatun ƙasa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikin ƙasar, amma a wasu wurare sarrafa ma'adinai da rikice-rikicen mallakar albarkatun sun haɗu da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai. Wannan ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da wasu rikice-rikice a gabashin ƙasar. == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya lalata tattalin arzikin al'ummomi da dama. Mutanen da suka rasa gonaki, shaguna ko ayyukan yi suna fuskantar ƙarancin kuɗin shiga. Ƙaura kuma tana tilasta wa iyalai dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Bala'o'in yanayi == Baya ga rikicin makamai, wasu sassan DRC suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwa, zaizayar ƙasa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi. Bala'o'in suna iya ƙara matsalolin abinci da matsuguni, musamman ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa gidajensu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da: * abinci; * ruwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu; * taimakon kuɗi; * ilimi; * ayyukan tsafta. Shirin jin ƙai na 2025 ya nemi biliyoyin daloli domin taimaka wa mutanen da rikice-rikicen ƙasar suka shafa, amma ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji ya kasance babban ƙalubale.<ref name="Funding2025">{{cite web |title=The humanitarian community in the DRC calls for $2.54 billion to provide lifesaving assistance to 11 million people affected by crises |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/humanitarian-community-drc-calls-254-billion-provide-lifesaving-assistance-11-million-people-affected-crises |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=27 February 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙalubalen samun agaji == Rashin tsaro yana hana ma'aikatan agaji kai taimako ga wasu yankuna. Hanyoyi da dama suna cikin mummunan hali, yayin da faɗa da barazanar hare-hare ke rage damar zirga-zirga. A wasu yankuna, ƙungiyoyin makamai suna hana ko ƙuntata ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji ya ƙara matsalar. A shekarar 2025, kusan kashi 27.4 cikin 100 kawai na kuɗaɗen da aka nema domin martanin jin ƙai a DRC aka samu, wanda ya kasance mafi ƙarancin matakin kuɗaɗe cikin shekaru goma.<ref name="NRC2026">{{cite web |title=DR Congo on world's most neglected displacement crises list for tenth consecutive year |url=https://www.nrc.no/news/2026/dr-congo-on-worlds-most-neglected-displacement-crises-list-for-tenth-consecutive-year |publisher=[[Norwegian Refugee Council]] |date=4 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A shekarar 2026, rikicin jin ƙai na DRC ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan rikice-rikicen ƙaura da jin ƙai a duniya. Kusan '''miliyan 15''' mutane ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="OCHA2026"/> UNHCR ta nuna cewa DRC na da kusan '''miliyan 6.9''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar, kuma sama da miliyan 5 daga cikinsu suna gabashin ƙasar.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> A lokaci guda, barkewar Ebola ta 2026 ta ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Ebola2026"/> == Ƙoƙarin zaman lafiya == An yi ƙoƙarin warware rikicin gabashin DRC ta hanyar tattaunawar siyasa da yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya. [[Rwanda]], [[Angola]], [[Qatar]] da wasu ƙasashe da ƙungiyoyin duniya sun shiga tsakani a matakai daban-daban. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da [[Tarayyar Afirka]] suna tallafawa ƙoƙarin samar da zaman lafiya da kare fararen hula. Dorewar zaman lafiya tana buƙatar dakatar da tashin hankali, kare fararen hula, dawo da ayyukan gwamnati da magance matsalolin da ke haifar da rikicin. == Duba kuma == * [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] * [[Rikicin Kongo]] * [[Yakin Kongo na Farko]] * [[Yakin Kongo na Biyu]] * [[M23]] * [[North Kivu]] * [[South Kivu]] * [[Ituri]] * [[Goma]] * [[Bukavu]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[OCHA]] * [[WHO]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sudan ta Kudu]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unocha.org/democratic-republic-congo OCHA — Democratic Republic of the Congo] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/democratic-republic-congo UNHCR — Democratic Republic of the Congo] * [https://www.unhcr.org/emergencies/dr-congo-emergency UNHCR — DR Congo Emergency] * [https://humanitarianaction.info/document/global-humanitarian-overview-2026/article/democratic-republic-congo-4 Global Humanitarian Overview 2026 — DRC] [[Category:Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Kongo]] [[Category:Yaƙe-yaƙen Kongo]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] kcr6w1kybtggly7h0bh5u3uwmr0glr7 0 164975 905247 2026-08-20T19:44:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344335797|Mesocyclone]]" 905247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mesocyclone_Piracicaba_28-01-2025.jpg|thumb|Mesocyclone (a hagu) a cikin Babban Yankin garin Piracicaba, a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]], a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2025]] [[Fayil:Supercell_side_view.jpg|thumb|Hoton Supercell tare da juyawa na mesocyclone a ja]] Mesocyclone wani yanki ne na juyawar iska (vortex) mai ma’aunin meso-gamma mesoscale (ko ma’aunin guguwa), wanda yawanci girmansa yake tsakanin mil 2 zuwa 6 (kilomita 3.2 zuwa 9.7) a faɗi. Ana fi gane shi ta hanyar radar a cikin tsawa. A Arewacin Duniya (Northern Hemisphere), yawanci yana kasancewa a gefen baya na dama na supercell (wato gefen baya dangane da alkiblar da guguwa ke tafiya), ko kuma sau da yawa a gefen gabas, wato gefen da guguwa ke jagoranta, na nau’in supercell mai yawan ruwan sama (High-Precipitation/HP). Yankin da juyawar iska ta mesocyclone ke mamaye shi na iya zama faɗinsa kilomita da dama, kuma ya fi girman duk wata mahaukaciyar guguwa (tornado) da za ta iya samuwa a cikinsa. A cikin mesocyclones ne ake samun samuwar mahaukaciyar guguwa mai tsananin ƙarfi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mesocyclone definition |url=https://geographic.org/climate/m.html#Mesocyclone |accessdate=2025-09-13 |work=A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather, Geographic.org}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Mesocyclones su ne wasu matsakaitan gungun iska masu juyawa, waɗanda suka ƙunshi iska mai tashi sama da kuma iska mai taruwa wuri guda, suna zagayawa a kusa da wani tsagin tsaye (vertical axis). Mafi yawanci ana danganta su da wani yanki na ƙarancin matsin iska (low-pressure area). Juyawarsu yawanci tana kasancewa ne a hanya iri ɗaya da tsarin ƙarancin matsin iska a yankin da suke: akasin agogo (counter-clockwise) a Arewacin Duniya, sannan a bin agogo (clockwise) a Kudancin Duniya. Sai dai akwai wasu ƙananan mesocyclones waɗanda a wasu lokuta suke juyawa ta wata hanya dabam. Mesoanticyclones, waɗanda suke juyawa ta akasin wannan hanya, na iya kasancewa tare da mesocyclones a cikin supercell. Amma mesoanticyclones yawanci sun fi mesocyclones rauni, kuma sau da yawa ba sa daɗewa. A gefe guda, mesocyclones na iya ci gaba da kasancewa na mintuna da dama ko sa’o’i, kuma suna iya samuwa sau da yawa a jere a cikin supercell guda. Mesoanticyclones suna da ɗan yawan samuwa a cikin supercells masu motsi zuwa hagu (left-moving supercells), waɗanda suke rabuwa daga asalin supercell a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin sauyin saurin iska da alkiblar iska da tsawo (vertical wind shear). '''Mesocyclone''' yawanci wani yanayi ne da yake da wahalar gani ko lura da shi kai tsaye. Shaidar gani da ke nuna juyawar iska — kamar '''layukan iskar shigowa masu lanƙwasa (curved inflow bands)''' — na iya nuna cewa akwai mesocyclone. Sai dai, silindar iskar da ke zagayawa sau da yawa tana da girma sosai har ba za a iya gane ta yadda ya kamata idan ana kallonta daga ƙasa ba. Haka kuma, mai yiwuwa ba ta ɗauke da gajimare masu bambanci sosai da iskar da ke kewaye da ita wadda ba ta da ƙarfi, don haka ya zama da wuya a ga ko a gane yadda iskar ke zagayawa. Ana gano mesocyclones ta hanyar amfani da bayanan radar na yanayi na Doppler (Doppler weather radar), inda ake lura da wata alamar juyawar iska wadda ta cika wasu ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗa dangane da ƙarfin juyawar, zurfin da take kaiwa a tsaye, da tsawon lokacin da take ɗauka. A kan na’urorin radar na NEXRAD na Amurka, mesocyclones da aka gano ta hanyar tsarin kwamfuta, kamar ta amfani da Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm (MDA), yawanci ana nuna su da da’irar rawaya mai cike (yellow solid circle) a kan nunin saurin iska na Doppler. Sai dai, wasu hukumomin kula da yanayi na iya amfani da wasu alamomi ko tsarin nuna su daban.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin tsawa == Suna da matukar damuwa lokacin da aka ƙunshe su a cikin tsawa mai tsanani, tunda mesocyclones sau da yawa suna faruwa tare da [[Vertical draft|updrafts]] a cikin supercells, a cikin abin da guguwa na iya samuwa kusa da musayar tare da downdraft. Mesocyclones suna cikin gida, kusan {{Convert|2|km|mi}} zuwa {{Convert|10|km|mi}} a diamita a cikin tsawa mai ƙarfi. Thunderstorms dauke da mesocyclones masu ɗorewa sune supercell thunderstorms (ko da yake wasu supercells har ma da tornadic hadari ba sa samar da walƙiya ko tsawa kuma saboda haka ba tsawa ba ne). Ana amfani da radar na yanayi na Doppler don gano mesocyclones. mesovortex makamancin haka ne amma yawanci karami kuma mai rauni fasalin juyawa wanda ke da alaƙa da layin squall. == Kafawa == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sinadaran mesocyclogenesis shine kasancewar canje-canje masu ƙarfi a cikin saurin iska akan nesa da shugabanci tare da tsawo, wanda aka fi sani da shear iska a kwance da tsaye. Wannan shear ya dace da kasancewar rami karfi wanda zai iya haifar da wani extratropical cyclone, wani nau'in cyclone wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar hulɗa tsakanin sanyi da iska mai dumi, wanda aka sani da baroclinicity. Matsin lamba da yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin iska mai dumi da sanyi suna haifar da waɗannan canje-canje a cikin iska tare da tsawo da nesa. An ce filin iska mai laushi yana da madaidaiciya, ko kuma yanayin gida na ruwa mai gudana (a nan, iska) don juyawa, wanda shine dukiyar da ke tattare da kowane gudana inda saurin saurin ya wanzu. Sau da yawa ana nuna vorticity da ke da alaƙa da shi ba daidai ba a matsayin vortex mai juyawa a kwance wanda aka karkata kai tsaye a tsaye ta hanyar tashi. Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta, mahalli yana da daidaituwa a kwance tare da ƙididdigar da aka ambata ba ta nan. A maimakon haka za'a iya tunanin vorticity na kwance a matsayin motar da aka tsara ta hanyar iskõki da ke canzawa tare da tsawo. Wadannan iskõki suna motsa saman da ƙasa na motar a saurin daban-daban tare da madaidaiciyar hanya, suna sa ta karkatar da ita tare da axis dinta. Wannan yanayin gida don juyawa, ko karkatarwa, shine abin da updraft ke juyawa, maimakon bututun zahiri ko vortex na iska mai juyawa. Lokacin da updraft ya samo asali a cikin wannan yanayi, ɗakunan iska masu hawa sun haɗu da iska mai sauri a fadin tsawo, wanda aka jawo shi kuma ya haɗu da rikice-rikice a gefen updraft, musayar ƙarfin kwance. Iska mai tashi a gefen updraft yana hanzarta zuwa gefe da sauri fiye da yadda yake motsawa cikin ciki, yana tilasta iska mai jinkiri na ciki don kuma motsawa da sauri a kwance. Sa'an nan kuma iska ta fara juyawa yayin da suke motsawa zuwa kuma suna wucewa ta tsakiya na matsin lamba, suna bin cikin juzu'i yayin da tsarin ke maimaitawa. Yayin da sassan iska ke juyawa suna juyawa a kan axis din su saboda motsi na iska. Wannan juyawa, juyawa ko juyawa motsi na iska na iya wanzuwa ba tare da iska ta zama dole ba a juyawa a matsayin vortex.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dahl |first=Johannes M. L. |date=2017-09-01 |title=Tilting of Horizontal Shear Vorticity and the Development of Updraft Rotation in Supercell Thunderstorms |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |language=EN |volume=74 |issue=9 |pages=2997–3020 |bibcode=2017JAtS...74.2997D |doi=10.1175/JAS-D-17-0091.1 |issn=0022-4928 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ana cewa updraft ya bambanta da ƙarfin kwararar; wato, bambance-bambance tsakanin iska mai gudana a kan madaidaiciya ana fassara su zuwa madaidaiciya, wanda ke haifar da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ko bayyanar ƙuƙwasawa da juyawa da aka [https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/Miscellaneous/vorticity/vorticity.html rafi] a cikin iska mai tasowa (kawai lokacin da ƙuɓɓugar kwance ke gudana, ko a layi ɗaya da ƙuƙarƙwalwar updraft). Koyaya wani sashi ne kawai na vortex ya taso; ba a rufe layin ba, kuma akwai asymmetries kamar yadda ba duk sassan iska ke tashi daidai ba ko juyawa a daidai wannan adadin da shugabanci, don haka ba a riga an sami juyawa na gaskiya ba. Don yin gyare-gyare da aka tsara (wani vortex da aka rufe) don wanzu, dole ne a canza ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa zuwa ƙuƙwasawar ƙuɓɓugar ƙuƙuta. Filin matsin lamba na updraft da farko yana taimakawa a cikin wannan tsari, yana aiki don sake tsara ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa don haka yayin da iska mai tashi da juyawa ke motsawa zuwa tsakiyar matsin lamba, sassan iska da ke kusa da su da ke gudana a fadin matsin lamba suna fara juyawa a ƙimar daban-daban dangane da juna. Wannan yana haifar da madaidaiciyar shear vorticity wanda ke kara inganta motsi na iska. Tsohon iska yanzu ya fi sauƙi ya tsere wa updraft kuma cibiyar matsin lamba ta karfafa, sannan kwangila don amsawa, karfafa matsin lamba kuma ya haifar da iska mai haɗuwa ya tashi har ma da sauri da sauri. Sakamakon shi ne cewa updraft yana "tsaya" sama yayin da ya fi tsotse iska, tare da juyawa sannan ya zama mafi tsari saboda kiyayewa na kusurwa. Tun da yake updraft yanzu yana jan iska da ƙarfi, yana jan ƙarin taro da ƙarfin daga mahalli da ke kewaye, wanda aka kiyaye a cikin updraft. A cikin yanayi wannan tsari yana faruwa a lokaci guda tare da advection na iska shear. Yayin da sassan iska ke ci gaba da haɗuwa zuwa tsakiyar matsin lamba, sassan da ke kusa da tsakiya suna juyawa da sauri don haka ana jan su waje saboda dakarun centrifugal, yayin da sassan da ba su da sauri suna motsawa cikin gida. Rashin iska mai saurin juyawa na ciki yana da matsin lamba a kan iska mai saukin motsi, kuma yana haifar da iska mai sautin saurin sauri. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai yawancin fakitin iska sun kai daidaitattun juyawa. Curvature vorticity da vertical shear vorticity yanzu suna cikin daidaituwa, kuma sakamakon shine vortex guda ɗaya wanda ke fitowa a cikin updraft. An kafa mesocyclone (yana juyawa a gefen arewacin Hemisphere, da kuma gefen agogo a Kudancin Hemispheric) kuma guguwar supercell da ta fara ta girma sosai.<ref name=":1" /> Kamar yadda ƙananan mesocyclone ke ci gaba da cinye vorticity a kwance, vorticity maximums ko vortex patches (yanki na ɗan juyawa ko vortices na ɗan lokaci) na iya zama tare da iyaka inda updraft da downdrafts - sanyi da danshi na gaba downdraft (FFD) da, sau da yawa, mai dumi da kuma mafi tsayi na baya flank downdraft - haɗuwa saboda hulɗar tsakanin mai dumi da iska mai sanyi. Hawan sama a cikin RFD sau da yawa ya dace da karfafa waɗannan sassan vortex, kuma yana iya haifar da tornadogenesis a sakamakon haka. Wannan ana nuna shi ta hanyar gani ta hanyar samar da girgije na bango ko wasu ƙananan tsarin girgije kusa da farfajiya yayin da updraft ke ƙarfafawa daga hulɗarsa da RFD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Jannick |last2=Dahl |first2=Johannes M. L. |last3=Coffer |first3=Brice E. |last4=Houser |first4=Jana Lesak |last5=Markowski |first5=Paul M. |last6=Parker |first6=Matthew D. |last7=Weiss |first7=Christopher C. |last8=Schueth |first8=Alex |date=2024-07-09 |title=Supercell Tornadogenesis: Recent Progress in Our State of Understanding |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |language=EN |volume=105 |issue=7 |pages=E1084–E1097 |bibcode=2024BAMS..105E1084F |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0031.1 |issn=0003-0007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The gallery below shows the three stages of development of a mesocyclone and a view of the storm relative motion on radar of a mesocyclone-producing tornado over Greensburg, Kansas on 4&nbsp;May 2007. The storm was in the process of producing an EF5 tornado at the time of the image.<gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:Meso-1.svg|Wind shear (red) sets air spinning (green). Fayil:Meso-2.svg|The updraft (blue) 'tips' the spinning air upright. Fayil:Meso-3.svg|The updraft then starts rotating. Fayil:Greensburg3_small.gif|Radar view of a mesocyclone. Note that at the time of this image, an EF5 tornado was on the ground. </gallery> == Bayyanawa == Hanyar da aka fi dogara da ita don gano mesocyclone ita ce ta hanyar radar na yanayi na Doppler. Kusan manyan dabi'u na alamar da ke gaba a cikin bayanan saurin shine yadda aka gano su. Mesocyclones galibi suna cikin gefen dama na baya na tsawa mai tsawo kuma lokacin da aka saka su a cikin layin guguwa (yayinda mesovortices galibi suna samuwa a gefen gaba na layin gwagwarmaya), kuma ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar sa hannu na juyawa a kan taswirar radar na yanayi. Alamun gani kamar girgije mai juyawa ko guguwa na iya nuna kasancewar mesocyclone. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kalmar ta shiga cikin amfani mai zurfi dangane da fasalulluka masu juyawa a cikin guguwa mai tsanani.<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px"> Fayil:Wall_cloud_with_lightning_-_NOAA.jpg|Mesocyclones are sometimes visually identifiable by a rotating wall cloud like the one in this thunderstorm over Texas. Fayil:Radar-algorithme_eng.gif|Mesocyclone detection algorithm output on tornadic cells in Northern Michigan on July 3, 1999 </gallery> == Tsarin guguwa == [[Fayil:Funnels_Over_Falcon.jpg|thumb|Guguwa da ke tasowa a ƙarƙashin girgije a cikin mesocyclone kusa da Falcon, Colorado]] Ba a fahimci tsarin guguwa gaba ɗaya ba, amma sau da yawa yana faruwa a ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, dole ne a gamsu da sharuɗɗa guda biyu. Na farko, dole ne a samar da sakamako mai juyawa a kwance a saman duniya. Wannan yawanci ya samo asali ne daga canje-canje na kwatsam a cikin iska ko saurin, wanda aka sani da shear na iska. Na biyu, girgije na cumulonimbus, ko kuma wani lokaci girgije na Cumulus, dole ne ya kasance. A lokacin tsawa, updrafts wani lokaci suna da iko sosai don ɗaga jere mai juyawa na iska sama, juya shi cikin ginshiƙi na iska tsaye. Wannan ginshiƙi na iska a tsaye ya zama ainihin tsari na guguwa. Guguwa da ke samuwa ta wannan hanyar sau da yawa suna da rauni kuma gabaɗaya suna da ƙasa da minti 10.&nbsp; Hanyar ta biyu tana faruwa a lokacin tsawa mai ƙarfi, a cikin updrafts a cikin guguwar. Lokacin da iskõki suka yi ƙarfi, ƙarfin da aka saki na iya haifar da juyawa. Wannan juyawa updraft an san shi da mesocyclone . Don guguwa ta samo asali a wannan hanyar, wani baya-flank downdraft ya shiga tsakiyar mesocyclone daga baya. Iska mai sanyi, kasancewar ya fi iska mai dumi, yana iya shiga cikin updraft. Haɗin updraft da downdraft ya kammala ci gaban guguwa. Guguwa da ke samuwa a cikin wannan hanyar sau da yawa suna da tashin hankali kuma suna iya ɗaukar sama da awa ɗaya. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5o5k219skfdbe91prgd869yd5prqagc 905249 905247 2026-08-20T19:45:26Z Saad Nuhu 43323 905249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Mesocyclone_Piracicaba_28-01-2025.jpg|thumb|Mesocyclone (a hagu) a cikin Babban Yankin garin Piracicaba, a kudu maso gabashin [[Brazil]], a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2025]] [[Fayil:Supercell_side_view.jpg|thumb|Hoton Supercell tare da juyawa na mesocyclone a ja]] Mesocyclone wani yanki ne na juyawar iska (vortex) mai ma’aunin meso-gamma mesoscale (ko ma’aunin guguwa), wanda yawanci girmansa yake tsakanin mil 2 zuwa 6 (kilomita 3.2 zuwa 9.7) a faɗi. Ana fi gane shi ta hanyar radar a cikin tsawa. A Arewacin Duniya (Northern Hemisphere), yawanci yana kasancewa a gefen baya na dama na supercell (wato gefen baya dangane da alkiblar da guguwa ke tafiya), ko kuma sau da yawa a gefen gabas, wato gefen da guguwa ke jagoranta, na nau’in supercell mai yawan ruwan sama (High-Precipitation/HP). Yankin da juyawar iska ta mesocyclone ke mamaye shi na iya zama faɗinsa kilomita da dama, kuma ya fi girman duk wata mahaukaciyar guguwa (tornado) da za ta iya samuwa a cikinsa. A cikin mesocyclones ne ake samun samuwar mahaukaciyar guguwa mai tsananin ƙarfi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mesocyclone definition |url=https://geographic.org/climate/m.html#Mesocyclone |accessdate=2025-09-13 |work=A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather, Geographic.org}}</ref> == Bayyanawa == Mesocyclones su ne wasu matsakaitan gungun iska masu juyawa, waɗanda suka ƙunshi iska mai tashi sama da kuma iska mai taruwa wuri guda, suna zagayawa a kusa da wani tsagin tsaye (vertical axis). Mafi yawanci ana danganta su da wani yanki na ƙarancin matsin iska (low-pressure area). Juyawarsu yawanci tana kasancewa ne a hanya iri ɗaya da tsarin ƙarancin matsin iska a yankin da suke: akasin agogo (counter-clockwise) a Arewacin Duniya, sannan a bin agogo (clockwise) a Kudancin Duniya. Sai dai akwai wasu ƙananan mesocyclones waɗanda a wasu lokuta suke juyawa ta wata hanya dabam. Mesoanticyclones, waɗanda suke juyawa ta akasin wannan hanya, na iya kasancewa tare da mesocyclones a cikin supercell. Amma mesoanticyclones yawanci sun fi mesocyclones rauni, kuma sau da yawa ba sa daɗewa. A gefe guda, mesocyclones na iya ci gaba da kasancewa na mintuna da dama ko sa’o’i, kuma suna iya samuwa sau da yawa a jere a cikin supercell guda. Mesoanticyclones suna da ɗan yawan samuwa a cikin supercells masu motsi zuwa hagu (left-moving supercells), waɗanda suke rabuwa daga asalin supercell a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin sauyin saurin iska da alkiblar iska da tsawo (vertical wind shear). '''Mesocyclone''' yawanci wani yanayi ne da yake da wahalar gani ko lura da shi kai tsaye. Shaidar gani da ke nuna juyawar iska — kamar '''layukan iskar shigowa masu lanƙwasa (curved inflow bands)''' — na iya nuna cewa akwai mesocyclone. Sai dai, silindar iskar da ke zagayawa sau da yawa tana da girma sosai har ba za a iya gane ta yadda ya kamata idan ana kallonta daga ƙasa ba. Haka kuma, mai yiwuwa ba ta ɗauke da gajimare masu bambanci sosai da iskar da ke kewaye da ita wadda ba ta da ƙarfi, don haka ya zama da wuya a ga ko a gane yadda iskar ke zagayawa. Ana gano mesocyclones ta hanyar amfani da bayanan radar na yanayi na Doppler (Doppler weather radar), inda ake lura da wata alamar juyawar iska wadda ta cika wasu ƙayyadaddun sharuɗɗa dangane da ƙarfin juyawar, zurfin da take kaiwa a tsaye, da tsawon lokacin da take ɗauka. A kan na’urorin radar na NEXRAD na Amurka, mesocyclones da aka gano ta hanyar tsarin kwamfuta, kamar ta amfani da Mesocyclone Detection Algorithm (MDA), yawanci ana nuna su da da’irar rawaya mai cike (yellow solid circle) a kan nunin saurin iska na Doppler. Sai dai, wasu hukumomin kula da yanayi na iya amfani da wasu alamomi ko tsarin nuna su daban.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin tsawa == Suna da matukar damuwa lokacin da aka ƙunshe su a cikin tsawa mai tsanani, tunda mesocyclones sau da yawa suna faruwa tare da [[Vertical draft|updrafts]] a cikin supercells, a cikin abin da guguwa na iya samuwa kusa da musayar tare da downdraft. Mesocyclones suna cikin gida, kusan {{Convert|2|km|mi}} zuwa {{Convert|10|km|mi}} a diamita a cikin tsawa mai ƙarfi. Thunderstorms dauke da mesocyclones masu ɗorewa sune supercell thunderstorms (ko da yake wasu supercells har ma da tornadic hadari ba sa samar da walƙiya ko tsawa kuma saboda haka ba tsawa ba ne). Ana amfani da radar na yanayi na Doppler don gano mesocyclones. mesovortex makamancin haka ne amma yawanci karami kuma mai rauni fasalin juyawa wanda ke da alaƙa da layin squall. == Kafawa == Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sinadaran mesocyclogenesis shine kasancewar canje-canje masu ƙarfi a cikin saurin iska akan nesa da shugabanci tare da tsawo, wanda aka fi sani da shear iska a kwance da tsaye. Wannan shear ya dace da kasancewar rami karfi wanda zai iya haifar da wani extratropical cyclone, wani nau'in cyclone wanda ke samuwa ta hanyar hulɗa tsakanin sanyi da iska mai dumi, wanda aka sani da baroclinicity. Matsin lamba da yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin iska mai dumi da sanyi suna haifar da waɗannan canje-canje a cikin iska tare da tsawo da nesa. An ce filin iska mai laushi yana da madaidaiciya, ko kuma yanayin gida na ruwa mai gudana (a nan, iska) don juyawa, wanda shine dukiyar da ke tattare da kowane gudana inda saurin saurin ya wanzu. Sau da yawa ana nuna vorticity da ke da alaƙa da shi ba daidai ba a matsayin vortex mai juyawa a kwance wanda aka karkata kai tsaye a tsaye ta hanyar tashi. Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta, mahalli yana da daidaituwa a kwance tare da ƙididdigar da aka ambata ba ta nan. A maimakon haka za'a iya tunanin vorticity na kwance a matsayin motar da aka tsara ta hanyar iskõki da ke canzawa tare da tsawo. Wadannan iskõki suna motsa saman da ƙasa na motar a saurin daban-daban tare da madaidaiciyar hanya, suna sa ta karkatar da ita tare da axis dinta. Wannan yanayin gida don juyawa, ko karkatarwa, shine abin da updraft ke juyawa, maimakon bututun zahiri ko vortex na iska mai juyawa. Lokacin da updraft ya samo asali a cikin wannan yanayi, ɗakunan iska masu hawa sun haɗu da iska mai sauri a fadin tsawo, wanda aka jawo shi kuma ya haɗu da rikice-rikice a gefen updraft, musayar ƙarfin kwance. Iska mai tashi a gefen updraft yana hanzarta zuwa gefe da sauri fiye da yadda yake motsawa cikin ciki, yana tilasta iska mai jinkiri na ciki don kuma motsawa da sauri a kwance. Sa'an nan kuma iska ta fara juyawa yayin da suke motsawa zuwa kuma suna wucewa ta tsakiya na matsin lamba, suna bin cikin juzu'i yayin da tsarin ke maimaitawa. Yayin da sassan iska ke juyawa suna juyawa a kan axis din su saboda motsi na iska. Wannan juyawa, juyawa ko juyawa motsi na iska na iya wanzuwa ba tare da iska ta zama dole ba a juyawa a matsayin vortex.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Dahl |first=Johannes M. L. |date=2017-09-01 |title=Tilting of Horizontal Shear Vorticity and the Development of Updraft Rotation in Supercell Thunderstorms |journal=Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |language=EN |volume=74 |issue=9 |pages=2997–3020 |bibcode=2017JAtS...74.2997D |doi=10.1175/JAS-D-17-0091.1 |issn=0022-4928 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, ana cewa updraft ya bambanta da ƙarfin kwararar; wato, bambance-bambance tsakanin iska mai gudana a kan madaidaiciya ana fassara su zuwa madaidaiciya, wanda ke haifar da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa ko bayyanar ƙuƙwasawa da juyawa da aka [https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/Miscellaneous/vorticity/vorticity.html rafi] a cikin iska mai tasowa (kawai lokacin da ƙuɓɓugar kwance ke gudana, ko a layi ɗaya da ƙuƙarƙwalwar updraft). Koyaya wani sashi ne kawai na vortex ya taso; ba a rufe layin ba, kuma akwai asymmetries kamar yadda ba duk sassan iska ke tashi daidai ba ko juyawa a daidai wannan adadin da shugabanci, don haka ba a riga an sami juyawa na gaskiya ba. Don yin gyare-gyare da aka tsara (wani vortex da aka rufe) don wanzu, dole ne a canza ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa zuwa ƙuƙwasawar ƙuɓɓugar ƙuƙuta. Filin matsin lamba na updraft da farko yana taimakawa a cikin wannan tsari, yana aiki don sake tsara ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa don haka yayin da iska mai tashi da juyawa ke motsawa zuwa tsakiyar matsin lamba, sassan iska da ke kusa da su da ke gudana a fadin matsin lamba suna fara juyawa a ƙimar daban-daban dangane da juna. Wannan yana haifar da madaidaiciyar shear vorticity wanda ke kara inganta motsi na iska. Tsohon iska yanzu ya fi sauƙi ya tsere wa updraft kuma cibiyar matsin lamba ta karfafa, sannan kwangila don amsawa, karfafa matsin lamba kuma ya haifar da iska mai haɗuwa ya tashi har ma da sauri da sauri. Sakamakon shi ne cewa updraft yana "tsaya" sama yayin da ya fi tsotse iska, tare da juyawa sannan ya zama mafi tsari saboda kiyayewa na kusurwa. Tun da yake updraft yanzu yana jan iska da ƙarfi, yana jan ƙarin taro da ƙarfin daga mahalli da ke kewaye, wanda aka kiyaye a cikin updraft. A cikin yanayi wannan tsari yana faruwa a lokaci guda tare da advection na iska shear. Yayin da sassan iska ke ci gaba da haɗuwa zuwa tsakiyar matsin lamba, sassan da ke kusa da tsakiya suna juyawa da sauri don haka ana jan su waje saboda dakarun centrifugal, yayin da sassan da ba su da sauri suna motsawa cikin gida. Rashin iska mai saurin juyawa na ciki yana da matsin lamba a kan iska mai saukin motsi, kuma yana haifar da iska mai sautin saurin sauri. Wannan yana ci gaba har sai yawancin fakitin iska sun kai daidaitattun juyawa. Curvature vorticity da vertical shear vorticity yanzu suna cikin daidaituwa, kuma sakamakon shine vortex guda ɗaya wanda ke fitowa a cikin updraft. An kafa mesocyclone (yana juyawa a gefen arewacin Hemisphere, da kuma gefen agogo a Kudancin Hemispheric) kuma guguwar supercell da ta fara ta girma sosai.<ref name=":1" /> Kamar yadda ƙananan mesocyclone ke ci gaba da cinye vorticity a kwance, vorticity maximums ko vortex patches (yanki na ɗan juyawa ko vortices na ɗan lokaci) na iya zama tare da iyaka inda updraft da downdrafts - sanyi da danshi na gaba downdraft (FFD) da, sau da yawa, mai dumi da kuma mafi tsayi na baya flank downdraft - haɗuwa saboda hulɗar tsakanin mai dumi da iska mai sanyi. Hawan sama a cikin RFD sau da yawa ya dace da karfafa waɗannan sassan vortex, kuma yana iya haifar da tornadogenesis a sakamakon haka. Wannan ana nuna shi ta hanyar gani ta hanyar samar da girgije na bango ko wasu ƙananan tsarin girgije kusa da farfajiya yayin da updraft ke ƙarfafawa daga hulɗarsa da RFD.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fischer |first=Jannick |last2=Dahl |first2=Johannes M. L. |last3=Coffer |first3=Brice E. |last4=Houser |first4=Jana Lesak |last5=Markowski |first5=Paul M. |last6=Parker |first6=Matthew D. |last7=Weiss |first7=Christopher C. |last8=Schueth |first8=Alex |date=2024-07-09 |title=Supercell Tornadogenesis: Recent Progress in Our State of Understanding |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |language=EN |volume=105 |issue=7 |pages=E1084–E1097 |bibcode=2024BAMS..105E1084F |doi=10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0031.1 |issn=0003-0007 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The gallery below shows the three stages of development of a mesocyclone and a view of the storm relative motion on radar of a mesocyclone-producing tornado over Greensburg, Kansas on 4&nbsp;May 2007. The storm was in the process of producing an EF5 tornado at the time of the image.<gallery mode="packed"> Fayil:Meso-1.svg|Wind shear (red) sets air spinning (green). Fayil:Meso-2.svg|The updraft (blue) 'tips' the spinning air upright. Fayil:Meso-3.svg|The updraft then starts rotating. Fayil:Greensburg3_small.gif|Radar view of a mesocyclone. Note that at the time of this image, an EF5 tornado was on the ground. </gallery> == Bayyanawa == Hanyar da aka fi dogara da ita don gano mesocyclone ita ce ta hanyar radar na yanayi na Doppler. Kusan manyan dabi'u na alamar da ke gaba a cikin bayanan saurin shine yadda aka gano su. Mesocyclones galibi suna cikin gefen dama na baya na tsawa mai tsawo kuma lokacin da aka saka su a cikin layin guguwa (yayinda mesovortices galibi suna samuwa a gefen gaba na layin gwagwarmaya), kuma ana iya rarrabe su ta hanyar sa hannu na juyawa a kan taswirar radar na yanayi. Alamun gani kamar girgije mai juyawa ko guguwa na iya nuna kasancewar mesocyclone. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kalmar ta shiga cikin amfani mai zurfi dangane da fasalulluka masu juyawa a cikin guguwa mai tsanani.<gallery mode="packed" heights="250px"> Fayil:Wall_cloud_with_lightning_-_NOAA.jpg|Mesocyclones are sometimes visually identifiable by a rotating wall cloud like the one in this thunderstorm over Texas. Fayil:Radar-algorithme_eng.gif|Mesocyclone detection algorithm output on tornadic cells in Northern Michigan on July 3, 1999 </gallery> == Tsarin guguwa == [[Fayil:Funnels_Over_Falcon.jpg|thumb|Guguwa da ke tasowa a ƙarƙashin girgije a cikin mesocyclone kusa da Falcon, Colorado]] Ba a fahimci tsarin guguwa gaba ɗaya ba, amma sau da yawa yana faruwa a ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi biyu. Da farko, dole ne a gamsu da sharuɗɗa guda biyu. Na farko, dole ne a samar da sakamako mai juyawa a kwance a saman duniya. Wannan yawanci ya samo asali ne daga canje-canje na kwatsam a cikin iska ko saurin, wanda aka sani da shear na iska. Na biyu, girgije na cumulonimbus, ko kuma wani lokaci girgije na Cumulus, dole ne ya kasance. A lokacin tsawa, updrafts wani lokaci suna da iko sosai don ɗaga jere mai juyawa na iska sama, juya shi cikin ginshiƙi na iska tsaye. Wannan ginshiƙi na iska a tsaye ya zama ainihin tsari na guguwa. Guguwa da ke samuwa ta wannan hanyar sau da yawa suna da rauni kuma gabaɗaya suna da ƙasa da minti 10.&nbsp; Hanyar ta biyu tana faruwa a lokacin tsawa mai ƙarfi, a cikin updrafts a cikin guguwar. Lokacin da iskõki suka yi ƙarfi, ƙarfin da aka saki na iya haifar da juyawa. Wannan juyawa updraft an san shi da mesocyclone . Don guguwa ta samo asali a wannan hanyar, wani baya-flank downdraft ya shiga tsakiyar mesocyclone daga baya. Iska mai sanyi, kasancewar ya fi iska mai dumi, yana iya shiga cikin updraft. Haɗin updraft da downdraft ya kammala ci gaban guguwa. Guguwa da ke samuwa a cikin wannan hanyar sau da yawa suna da tashin hankali kuma suna iya ɗaukar sama da awa ɗaya. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ra8dkid9jp0st8k5uga2qpadcqlqd26 0 164976 905248 2026-08-20T19:44:23Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Rikicin jin ƙai na tawayen Boko Haram | partof = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] | image = | caption = | date = 2009–yanzu | place = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]] da [[Nijar]] | result = Rikicin ya ci gaba | status = Ana ci gaba da rikicin jin ƙai | combatant1 = [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta | combatant2 = [[Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]], [[Nijar]] da sauran ƙawancen soji | casualties3... 905248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Rikicin jin ƙai na tawayen Boko Haram | partof = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] | image = | caption = | date = 2009–yanzu | place = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]] da [[Nijar]] | result = Rikicin ya ci gaba | status = Ana ci gaba da rikicin jin ƙai | combatant1 = [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta | combatant2 = [[Najeriya]], [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]], [[Nijar]] da sauran ƙawancen soji | casualties3 = Miliyoyin mutane sun rasa matsugunansu; fararen hula da ma'aikatan jin ƙai sun sha wahala }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na tawayen Boko Haram''' wani rikicin jin ƙai ne da ya taso sakamakon [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] da ya fara tsananta a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] tun daga shekarar 2009. Rikicin ya fi shafar jihohin [[Borno]], [[Yobe]] da [[Adamawa]], sannan ya bazu zuwa wasu sassan [[Kogin Chadi]], ciki har da yankunan [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]] da [[Nijar]].<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, raunuka, sace mutane, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, [[mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu|ƙaura ta tilas]], rashin abinci, ƙarancin kiwon lafiya da sauran matsalolin jin ƙai. Rikicin ya kuma ketare iyakokin Najeriya zuwa ƙasashen da ke kewaye da tafkin Chadi.<ref name="UNHCRLakeChad">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Situation |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asalin rikicin == Boko Haram ta fara samun ƙarfi a arewacin Najeriya a farkon shekarun 2000, kafin ta rikide zuwa babban rikicin makamai bayan tashin hankalin shekarar 2009. A shekarun da suka biyo baya, hare-haren ƙungiyar sun ƙaru a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. An kai hari kan fararen hula, jami'an tsaro, makarantu, kasuwanni da sauran wuraren jama'a. Martanin soji na gwamnatin Najeriya da ƙasashen makwabta ya haifar da yaƙe-yaƙe masu yawa tsakanin sojoji da ƙungiyoyin Boko Haram. == Yaduwar rikicin zuwa tafkin Chadi == Rikicin bai tsaya a Najeriya ba. Saboda iyakokin da ke tsakanin Najeriya, Kamaru, Chadi da Nijar, ayyukan Boko Haram da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun bazu zuwa yankunan da ke kusa da [[Tafkin Chadi]]. UNHCR ta bayyana rikicin arewacin Najeriya da Boko Haram ya haifar a matsayin wani muhimmin dalilin ƙaura mai yawa a yankin tafkin Chadi, wanda ya shafi Najeriya, Kamaru, Chadi da Nijar.<ref name="UNHCRLakeChad"/> Wannan ya haifar da rikicin jin ƙai na yanki maimakon rikicin da ya tsaya cikin iyakokin Najeriya kawai. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas tana daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. Mutane sun bar gidajensu saboda hare-hare, tsoron tashin hankali, farmakin sojoji da rashin tsaro. A Najeriya, Boko Haram da sauran ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A watan Yulin 2026, bayanan UNHCR sun nuna cewa Najeriya tana da sama da '''miliyan 3.7''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar gaba ɗaya. Wannan adadi ya haɗa da ƙaura daga dalilai daban-daban, ba Boko Haram kaɗai ba.<ref name="UNHCR2026">{{cite web |title=Country - Nigeria |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=1 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Sansanonin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu == Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun zauna a sansanonin wucin gadi da kuma cikin al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. A wasu sansanonin akwai matsalolin abinci, ruwa, tsafta, matsuguni da kiwon lafiya. Wasu mutanen da suka koma garuruwansu bayan raguwar tashin hankali sun ci gaba da fuskantar ƙarancin ayyukan jama'a da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya suna buƙatar kariya, matsuguni, kayan taimakon rayuwa da tallafin sake gina rayuwarsu.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Rashin abinci == Rikicin Boko Haram ya shafi samar da abinci a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Faɗa ya hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu a wasu yankuna, yayin da ƙaura ta tilasta wa iyalai barin filayen noma da dabbobi. Rufe hanyoyi da kasuwanni ya kuma shafi zirga-zirgar abinci. Matsalar abinci ta fi shafar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. A halin yanzu, rashin abinci a Najeriya yana da dalilai da dama, ciki har da rikici, rashin tsaro, hauhawar farashin kayayyaki da bala'o'in yanayi.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> == Tamowa == Yara ƙanana suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da [[tamowa]] saboda rashin samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Matsalar ta fi tsanani a yankunan da rikici ya lalata noma da kasuwanci. Ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai suna samar da abinci mai gina jiki da kulawar lafiya ga yara masu fama da matsananciyar tamowa. == Kiwon lafiya == Rikicin ya lalata ko ya hana mutane samun wasu ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Asibitoci da cibiyoyin lafiya a yankunan da ake fama da tashin hankali suna iya fuskantar ƙarancin ma'aikata, magunguna da kayan aiki. Ƙaura kuma tana ƙara yawan mutanen da ke buƙatar kulawar lafiya a wuraren da suka sami mafaka. Cututtuka masu yaɗuwa, tamowa da matsalolin lafiyar mata da yara suna ƙara nauyin da ke kan tsarin kiwon lafiya. == Ruwa da tsafta == Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da wuraren tsafta. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Ayyukan jin ƙai sun haɗa da samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin mutanen da rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara sun fuskanci kashe-kashe, sacewa, rabuwa da iyalai, rasa makaranta da ƙaura. Mata da 'yan mata sun fuskanci haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], ciki har da fyade da sauran nau'o'in cin zarafi. Wani rahoton UNHCR ya nuna cewa mata da 'yan mata a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya sun fuskanci haɗarin tashin hankali na jinsi da kuma matsalolin sake komawa cikin al'umma bayan sacewa ko tsarewa.<ref name="UNHCRLearning">{{cite web |title=Learning from the past to shape a better future: Women and girls in the Lake Chad Basin |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/60901acf4.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2021 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Sace mutane == Sace mutane ya kasance wata hanya da ƙungiyoyin Boko Haram da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta suka yi amfani da ita wajen tsoratarwa da tilasta mutane. Dalibai da mata sun kasance daga cikin wadanda aka fi samun rahotannin sacewa. Shahararren misali shi ne [[sace 'yan matan Chibok]] a shekarar 2014, wanda ya jawo hankalin duniya. Wasu daga cikin waɗanda aka sace sun sake komawa cikin al'umma bayan an kuɓutar da su ko kuma sun tsere, amma suna iya fuskantar matsalolin tunani da zamantakewa. == Ilimi == Rikicin ya katse ilimin yara a yankunan da abin ya shafa. An kai hare-hare kan makarantu, kuma wasu makarantu sun rufe saboda rashin tsaro. Wasu yara da suka rasa matsugunansu sun daina zuwa makaranta saboda ƙaura ko rashin kayan makaranta. Rashin ilimi na dogon lokaci na iya ƙara talauci da rage damar yara samun aikin yi a nan gaba. == Tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya raunana tattalin arzikin yankunan arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Kasuwanni, gonaki, hanyoyin sufuri da ƙananan sana'o'i sun samu illa. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu sun rasa wasu hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga. A yankunan da suka fara samun kwanciyar hankali, shirye-shiryen dawo da sana'o'i da noma suna daga cikin hanyoyin taimaka wa mutanen da suka koma. == Tasirin muhalli == Yankin tafkin Chadi yana fuskantar matsalolin muhalli da suka haɗa da sauyin yanayi, fari da raguwar albarkatun ruwa. Waɗannan matsalolin na iya ƙara matsin lamba kan abinci da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Haɗuwar matsalar muhalli da rikicin makamai ta ƙara wahalar rayuwar al'ummomin yankin. == Rikicin a Kamaru == Boko Haram da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kai hare-hare a yankin [[Far North Region|Far North]] na [[Kamaru]]. Rikicin ya haifar da ƙaura da kuma buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai. Kamaru ta kuma karɓi 'yan gudun hijira daga Najeriya da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a cikin ƙasar. == Rikicin a Chadi == Yankunan da ke kusa da Tafkin Chadi a [[Chadi]] sun fuskanci hare-hare da tasirin rikicin Boko Haram. Rikicin ya haifar da ƙaura da kuma matsin lamba kan al'ummomin da ke karɓar mutanen da suka tsere daga tashin hankali. == Rikicin a Nijar == Yankunan [[Diffa Region|Diffa]] na [[Nijar]] sun karɓi 'yan gudun hijira da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga rikicin Boko Haram a Najeriya. Hare-haren da ƙungiyoyin makamai suka kai a yankin sun ƙara buƙatun jin ƙai. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da taimako ga mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ayyukan sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa; * matsuguni; * kayan tsafta; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * ilimi; * tallafin kuɗi; * taimakon mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. UNHCR ta ce martanin da ake yi a Najeriya yana mai da hankali kan kariya da kuma samar da mafita mai ɗorewa ga mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> == Ƙalubalen ma'aikatan jin ƙai == Ma'aikatan jin ƙai suna fuskantar barazanar tsaro a wasu yankunan da Boko Haram da sauran ƙungiyoyin makamai ke aiki. Hare-hare, sace-sace, nakiyoyi da ƙuntatawar zirga-zirga na iya hana ma'aikatan agaji isa ga mutanen da suke buƙatar taimako. Rahoton UNHCR na Najeriya na 2025 ya bayyana cewa hare-hare, kwanton bauna, sace-sace da takaita zirga-zirga daga ƙungiyoyin makamai marasa gwamnati sun ci gaba da jefa fararen hula da ma'aikatan jin ƙai cikin haɗari.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual2025">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/my/sites/en-my/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙoƙarin gwamnati da na ƙasashen waje == Gwamnatin Najeriya ta gudanar da ayyukan soji domin yaƙar Boko Haram. Najeriya ta kuma yi aiki tare da Kamaru, Chadi da Nijar a ƙarƙashin tsarin haɗin gwiwar soji na yankin. Ayyukan jin ƙai na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna gudana tare da hukumomin Najeriya. An kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen dawo da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu, sake gina al'ummomi da samar da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Ƙungiyoyin Boko Haram == A tsawon rikicin, Boko Haram ta rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. Ƙungiyoyin da suka balle sun haɗa da [[Islamic State West Africa Province|ISWAP]], wadda ta bayyana alaƙa da [[Islamic State|Daular Musulunci]]. Rarrabuwar ƙungiyoyin ta sauya yanayin rikicin kuma ta sa rikicin ya zama mai rikitarwa. == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A shekarar 2026, tasirin tawayen Boko Haram da sauran ƙungiyoyin makamai yana ci gaba da kasancewa a Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya da yankin tafkin Chadi. A Najeriya gaba ɗaya, UNHCR ta bayar da rahoton sama da '''miliyan 3.7''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a cikin ƙasar zuwa 1 Yuli 2026.<ref name="UNHCR2026"/> Ba duka waɗannan mutanen ne Boko Haram ta raba da muhallansu ba; rikicin makamai, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi suna daga cikin sauran dalilan ƙaura a Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Rikicin Boko Haram ya kuma ci gaba da shafar Najeriya da makwabtanta a yankin tafkin Chadi, inda ake buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai da kariyar fararen hula.<ref name="UNHCRLakeChad"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Islamic State West Africa Province]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Sahel]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Kahon Afirka]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Sace 'yan matan Chibok]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Data Portal] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/legacy-pdf/60901acf4.pdf UNHCR — Lake Chad Basin humanitarian crisis] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] dw31ah449tmolqzqkbyzsbjqri9sgbf 0 164977 905250 2026-08-20T19:45:30Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351628535|Marianne Bruns]]" 905250 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Marianne Bruns''' (31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 - 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus ta ƙarni na ashirin.<ref>Detlev Roth, "Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben. ''Pottsdamer BurgerZeitung'', 30. June 2008 {{Cite web |title=Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben |url=http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708020851/http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |archive-date=2010-07-08 |access-date=2013-02-06}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bruns a [[Leipzig]]. Bayan karatun kiɗa, ta fara rubuta labaru don mujallu, sannan kuma litattafai. Farawa a 1929, ta kuma zama mai watsa shirye-shirye a rediyo na Jamus, sau da yawa tana karantawa daga waƙarta a shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don mata da yara. Ta mutu a [[Dresden]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] 6d5o8tntn7kpz6elvqfadu57acgsr2a 905251 905250 2026-08-20T19:45:54Z Usman saadu 46863 905251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Marianne Bruns''' (31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 - 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus ta ƙarni na ashirin.<ref>Detlev Roth, "Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben. ''Pottsdamer BurgerZeitung'', 30. June 2008 {{Cite web |title=Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben |url=http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708020851/http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |archive-date=2010-07-08 |access-date=2013-02-06}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bruns a [[Leipzig]]. Bayan karatun kiɗa, ta fara rubuta labaru don mujallu, sannan kuma litattafai. Farawa a 1929, ta kuma zama mai watsa shirye-shirye a rediyo na Jamus, sau da yawa tana karantawa daga waƙarta a shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don mata da yara. Ta mutu a [[Dresden]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] pszmhti2h6pxy5x6sfjeisnsra65yd9 905252 905251 2026-08-20T19:46:15Z Usman saadu 46863 905252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Marianne Bruns''' (31 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1897 - 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1994) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus ta ƙarni na ashirin.<ref>Detlev Roth, "Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben. ''Pottsdamer BurgerZeitung'', 30. June 2008 {{Cite web |title=Marianne Bruns – Schreiben ist Leben |url=http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708020851/http://www.potsdamer-buergerzeitung.de/literarisches/marianne_bruns.html |archive-date=2010-07-08 |access-date=2013-02-06}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Bruns a [[Leipzig]]. Bayan karatun kiɗa, ta fara rubuta labaru don mujallu, sannan kuma litattafai. Farawa a shekara ta 1929, ta kuma zama mai watsa shirye-shirye a rediyo na Jamus, sau da yawa tana karantawa daga waƙarta a shirye-shiryen da aka tsara don mata da yara. Ta mutu a [[Dresden]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1897]] bt2nyaikmku57gdvgpbkxb8s93bcruf 0 164978 905253 2026-08-20T19:49:50Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya | native_name = Northeast Nigeria humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2009–yanzu | location = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] | affected = [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]] | cause = Tawayen Boko Haram, rikicin ƙungiyoyin makamai, ƙaura, rashin abinci, bala'o'in yanayi da cututtuka | displaced = Fiye da miliyan 2.3 a jihohin BAY | casualties = }}... 905253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya | native_name = Northeast Nigeria humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2009–yanzu | location = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] | affected = [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]] | cause = Tawayen Boko Haram, rikicin ƙungiyoyin makamai, ƙaura, rashin abinci, bala'o'in yanayi da cututtuka | displaced = Fiye da miliyan 2.3 a jihohin BAY | casualties = }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya''' wani rikicin jin ƙai ne mai ɗorewa da ya shafi yankin [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], musamman jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]], waɗanda aka fi sani da jihohin BAY. Rikicin ya samo asali ne musamman daga [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran tashe-tashen hankula, kuma ya ƙara tsananta saboda [[ƙaura]], rashin abinci, talauci, cututtuka da bala'o'in yanayi.<ref name="UNNigeria2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://nigeria.un.org/en |publisher=[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2026, kimanin '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane a jihohin BAY ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai. Daga cikinsu, shirin jin ƙai na 2026 ya fi mayar da hankali kan mutane miliyan 2.5 da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙata.<ref name="HNRP2026">{{cite web |title=2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan |url=https://nigeria.un.org/en/download/202852/310780 |publisher=[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] |date=January 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikicin ya fara tsananta bayan tashin hankalin Boko Haram a shekarar 2009. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, martanin soji da rikice-rikicen al'umma sun haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, da kuma ƙaura mai yawa. A tsawon shekaru, rikicin ya zama mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rashin tsaro da matsalolin tattalin arziki, sauyin yanayi, ambaliyar ruwa da cututtuka.<ref name="UNFPAFeb2026">{{cite web |title=Situation Report on the Crisis in Nigeria - February 2026 |url=https://www.unfpa.org/resources/unfpa-situation-report-crisis-nigeria-february-2026 |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa == === Borno === [[Jihar Borno]] ita ce jiha mafi tsananin tasirin rikicin. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga yankunan karkara. Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai ya ci gaba da shafar wasu ƙananan hukumomi, yayin da ambaliyar ruwa, gobara da ƙarancin abinci suka ƙara matsalolin jin ƙai. === Adamawa === [[Jihar Adamawa]] ta fuskanci tasirin rikicin Boko Haram tare da matsalolin ƙaura da ambaliyar ruwa. Wasu yankunan jihar sun karɓi mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga Borno da sauran wuraren da ake fama da tashin hankali. === Yobe === [[Jihar Yobe]] tana daga cikin jihohin da rikicin ya fi shafa. Rashin tsaro ya shafi noma, kasuwanci da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ilimi. == Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai == Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai shi ne babban abin da ya haifar da rikicin jin ƙai. [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta, ciki har da [[Islamic State West Africa Province]], sun kai hare-hare a sassan arewa maso gabas. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, hare-hare sun kuma shafi wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suke zama da kuma wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026">{{cite web |title=Situation report on Nigeria - April 2026 |url=https://www.unfpa.org/resources/situation-report-nigeria-april-2026 |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=May 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas tana daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. Mutane sun bar gidajensu saboda hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, tsoron rashin tsaro da lalacewar hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. A 2026, jihohin BAY suna karɓar fiye da '''miliyan 2.3''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu, tare da kimanin miliyan 2.2 waɗanda suka koma yankunansu bayan ƙaura.<ref name="UNICEF2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Appeal |url=https://www.unicef.org/appeals/nigeria |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna zama a sansanonin wucin gadi, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Rashin abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke fuskantar al'ummar yankin. A lokacin ƙarancin amfanin gona na 2026, kusan '''miliyan 5.8''' mutane a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe ana hasashen za su fuskanci matsanancin rashin abinci.<ref name="WFP2026">{{cite web |title=Northeastern Nigeria |url=https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/nigeria-emergency |publisher=[[World Food Programme|WFP]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikici yana hana manoma zuwa gonaki, yana katse kasuwanni kuma yana rage hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Tamowa == Yara suna daga cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar matsalar tamowa. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuka da ƙarancin damar samun kulawar lafiya suna ƙara haɗarin [[tamowa]]. WFP ta bayyana cewa yara a Borno da Yobe suna daga cikin waɗanda ke fuskantar matsanancin haɗarin tamowa.<ref name="WFP2026"/> == Kiwon lafiya == Rikicin ya raunana tsarin kiwon lafiya a yankin. Rashin tsaro yana iya hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu al'ummomi, yayin da wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ke fama da ƙarancin ma'aikata, magunguna da kayan aiki. A shekarar 2026, UNFPA ta bayar da rahoton cewa hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe sun shafi cibiyoyin lafiya kuma sun kawo cikas ga ayyukan lafiyar mata da haihuwa.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Cututtuka == Rikicin ya haɗu da matsalolin cututtuka da suka haɗa da [[kwalara]], [[diphtheria]] da sauran cututtuka masu yaɗuwa. Cunkoso a wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suke zama da ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta na ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. A 2026, Adamawa da Borno suna daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci ci gaba da barkewar diphtheria.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen yankin. Wasu wuraren matsuguni suna fama da cunkoso da ƙarancin bandakuna da ruwan sha. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a jihohin BAY suna zama a wuraren da ayyukan ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya ba su da isasshen ƙarfi.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. A 2026, mata da yara sun kasance kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="HNRP2026"/> Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], yayin da yara ke fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, rabuwa da iyalansu da kuma cin zarafi. == Tashin hankali na jinsi == Tashin hankali na jinsi yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kariya a rikicin. Mata da 'yan mata da ke zaune a wuraren ƙaura suna iya fuskantar cin zarafi da sauran matsalolin kariya. UNFPA tana gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar mata da haihuwa da kuma ayyukan rigakafi da martani ga tashin hankali na jinsi.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Ilimi == Rikicin ya katse ilimin yara da dama. Wasu makarantu sun rufe saboda rashin tsaro, yayin da wasu yara suka daina zuwa makaranta saboda ƙaura ko rashin damar samun kayan karatu. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa rikicin arewa maso gabas ya shafi damar yara samun ilimi kuma ya ƙara haɗarin sacewa da sauran matsalolin kariya.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> == Tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya lalata hanyoyin samun abin dogaro na iyalai da dama. Noma da kiwo sun samu illa saboda rashin tsaro, yayin da kasuwanni da zirga-zirgar kayayyaki suka fuskanci cikas. Rashin aiki da hauhawar farashin abinci suna ƙara matsin tattalin arziki ga iyalai. == Ambaliyar ruwa da sauyin yanayi == Baya ga rikicin makamai, yankin yana fuskantar matsalolin [[sauyin yanayi]] da ambaliyar ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya lalata gidaje, gonaki da hanyoyin sufuri. A lokacin da rikici ya riga ya raba mutane da muhallansu, bala'in yanayi na iya tilasta wa wasu sake ƙaura.<ref name="UNFPAFeb2026"/> == Sansanonin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu == Sansanonin da ake karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna fuskantar matsalolin cunkoso, ruwa, tsafta, abinci da kiwon lafiya. Wasu wuraren sun kuma fuskanci gobara da ke lalata matsuguni da kayayyakin iyalai. A watan Afrilu 2026, gobara a wani sabon matsuguni a Borno ta lalata gidaje sama da 200 tare da haddasa mutuwar mutane biyu.<ref name="UNFPAFire">{{cite web |title=UNFPA Nigeria Humanitarian Situation Report (April 2026) |url=https://nigeria.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2date26-date6/UNFPA%20Nigeria%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20%28April%202026%29.pdf |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == 'Yan gudun hijira da dawowa == Rikicin ya kuma haifar da tserewar wasu mazauna yankin zuwa ƙasashe makwabta, musamman [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]] da [[Nijar]]. Wasu 'yan gudun hijira sun koma Najeriya bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta a wasu yankuna. Dawowar jama'a tana buƙatar samar da gidaje, ruwa, makarantu, kiwon lafiya da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna ba da taimako ga mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ayyukan taimako sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kayan tsafta; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * ilimi; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. A 2026, gwamnatin Najeriya da abokan hulɗar jin ƙai sun nemi '''dala miliyan 516''' domin tallafa wa mutane miliyan 2.5 da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙata a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe.<ref name="HNRP2026"/> == Ƙalubalen samun agaji == Rashin tsaro yana hana ko jinkirta kai taimako zuwa wasu yankuna. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, matsalolin hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji na biyan dukkan buƙatun. A 2026, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa buƙatun jin ƙai a BAY suna ƙaruwa a lokacin da kuɗaɗen taimakon ƙasa da ƙasa suke raguwa.<ref name="UNNigeria2026"/> == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A 2026, rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya kasance mai tsanani kuma mai ɗorewa. Kimanin '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai, yayin da kusan '''miliyan 5.8''' ke fuskantar matsanancin rashin abinci a lokacin ƙarancin amfanin gona.<ref name="HNRP2026"/><ref name="WFP2026"/> Jihohin BAY kuma suna karɓar fiye da '''miliyan 2.3''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> Saboda haka rikicin yana ci gaba da buƙatar haɗin gwiwar tsaro, jin ƙai, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da shirye-shiryen dawo da tattalin arziki. == Duba kuma == * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Islamic State West Africa Province]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Sahel]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Tashin hankali na jinsi]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://nigeria.un.org/en United Nations in Nigeria] * [https://www.unicef.org/appeals/nigeria UNICEF — Nigeria Humanitarian Appeal] * [https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/nigeria-emergency WFP — Northeastern Nigeria] * [https://www.unfpa.org/resources/situation-report-nigeria-april-2026 UNFPA — Nigeria Situation Report] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Borno]] [[Category:Adamawa]] [[Category:Yobe]] ratk80uij4ur62ixfv9p0qijko09xow 905261 905253 2026-08-20T20:01:14Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Nassoshi */ 905261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya | native_name = Northeast Nigeria humanitarian crisis | image = | caption = | date = 2009–yanzu | location = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] | affected = [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]] | cause = Tawayen Boko Haram, rikicin ƙungiyoyin makamai, ƙaura, rashin abinci, bala'o'in yanayi da cututtuka | displaced = Fiye da miliyan 2.3 a jihohin BAY | casualties = }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya''' wani rikicin jin ƙai ne mai ɗorewa da ya shafi yankin [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], musamman jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]], waɗanda aka fi sani da jihohin BAY. Rikicin ya samo asali ne musamman daga [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran tashe-tashen hankula, kuma ya ƙara tsananta saboda [[ƙaura]], rashin abinci, talauci, cututtuka da bala'o'in yanayi.<ref name="UNNigeria2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://nigeria.un.org/en |publisher=[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2026, kimanin '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane a jihohin BAY ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai. Daga cikinsu, shirin jin ƙai na 2026 ya fi mayar da hankali kan mutane miliyan 2.5 da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙata.<ref name="HNRP2026">{{cite web |title=2026 Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan |url=https://nigeria.un.org/en/download/202852/310780 |publisher=[[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] |date=January 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikicin ya fara tsananta bayan tashin hankalin Boko Haram a shekarar 2009. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, martanin soji da rikice-rikicen al'umma sun haifar da mutuwar fararen hula, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, da kuma ƙaura mai yawa. A tsawon shekaru, rikicin ya zama mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rashin tsaro da matsalolin tattalin arziki, sauyin yanayi, ambaliyar ruwa da cututtuka.<ref name="UNFPAFeb2026">{{cite web |title=Situation Report on the Crisis in Nigeria - February 2026 |url=https://www.unfpa.org/resources/unfpa-situation-report-crisis-nigeria-february-2026 |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa == === Borno === [[Jihar Borno]] ita ce jiha mafi tsananin tasirin rikicin. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga yankunan karkara. Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai ya ci gaba da shafar wasu ƙananan hukumomi, yayin da ambaliyar ruwa, gobara da ƙarancin abinci suka ƙara matsalolin jin ƙai. === Adamawa === [[Jihar Adamawa]] ta fuskanci tasirin rikicin Boko Haram tare da matsalolin ƙaura da ambaliyar ruwa. Wasu yankunan jihar sun karɓi mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga Borno da sauran wuraren da ake fama da tashin hankali. === Yobe === [[Jihar Yobe]] tana daga cikin jihohin da rikicin ya fi shafa. Rashin tsaro ya shafi noma, kasuwanci da samun damar yin amfani da ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ilimi. == Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai == Tashin hankalin ƙungiyoyin makamai shi ne babban abin da ya haifar da rikicin jin ƙai. [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta, ciki har da [[Islamic State West Africa Province]], sun kai hare-hare a sassan arewa maso gabas. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, hare-hare sun kuma shafi wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suke zama da kuma wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026">{{cite web |title=Situation report on Nigeria - April 2026 |url=https://www.unfpa.org/resources/situation-report-nigeria-april-2026 |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=May 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ƙaura == Ƙaura ta tilas tana daga cikin manyan sakamakon rikicin. Mutane sun bar gidajensu saboda hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, tsoron rashin tsaro da lalacewar hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. A 2026, jihohin BAY suna karɓar fiye da '''miliyan 2.3''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu, tare da kimanin miliyan 2.2 waɗanda suka koma yankunansu bayan ƙaura.<ref name="UNICEF2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Appeal |url=https://www.unicef.org/appeals/nigeria |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna zama a sansanonin wucin gadi, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Rashin abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke fuskantar al'ummar yankin. A lokacin ƙarancin amfanin gona na 2026, kusan '''miliyan 5.8''' mutane a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe ana hasashen za su fuskanci matsanancin rashin abinci.<ref name="WFP2026">{{cite web |title=Northeastern Nigeria |url=https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/nigeria-emergency |publisher=[[World Food Programme|WFP]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikici yana hana manoma zuwa gonaki, yana katse kasuwanni kuma yana rage hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Tamowa == Yara suna daga cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar matsalar tamowa. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki, cututtuka da ƙarancin damar samun kulawar lafiya suna ƙara haɗarin [[tamowa]]. WFP ta bayyana cewa yara a Borno da Yobe suna daga cikin waɗanda ke fuskantar matsanancin haɗarin tamowa.<ref name="WFP2026"/> == Kiwon lafiya == Rikicin ya raunana tsarin kiwon lafiya a yankin. Rashin tsaro yana iya hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu al'ummomi, yayin da wasu cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya ke fama da ƙarancin ma'aikata, magunguna da kayan aiki. A shekarar 2026, UNFPA ta bayar da rahoton cewa hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe sun shafi cibiyoyin lafiya kuma sun kawo cikas ga ayyukan lafiyar mata da haihuwa.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Cututtuka == Rikicin ya haɗu da matsalolin cututtuka da suka haɗa da [[kwalara]], [[diphtheria]] da sauran cututtuka masu yaɗuwa. Cunkoso a wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suke zama da ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta na ƙara haɗarin barkewar cututtuka. A 2026, Adamawa da Borno suna daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci ci gaba da barkewar diphtheria.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun ruwa mai tsafta da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan ƙalubalen yankin. Wasu wuraren matsuguni suna fama da cunkoso da ƙarancin bandakuna da ruwan sha. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a jihohin BAY suna zama a wuraren da ayyukan ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya ba su da isasshen ƙarfi.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. A 2026, mata da yara sun kasance kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙatar taimakon jin ƙai.<ref name="HNRP2026"/> Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], yayin da yara ke fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, rabuwa da iyalansu da kuma cin zarafi. == Tashin hankali na jinsi == Tashin hankali na jinsi yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kariya a rikicin. Mata da 'yan mata da ke zaune a wuraren ƙaura suna iya fuskantar cin zarafi da sauran matsalolin kariya. UNFPA tana gudanar da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar mata da haihuwa da kuma ayyukan rigakafi da martani ga tashin hankali na jinsi.<ref name="UNFPAApril2026"/> == Ilimi == Rikicin ya katse ilimin yara da dama. Wasu makarantu sun rufe saboda rashin tsaro, yayin da wasu yara suka daina zuwa makaranta saboda ƙaura ko rashin damar samun kayan karatu. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa rikicin arewa maso gabas ya shafi damar yara samun ilimi kuma ya ƙara haɗarin sacewa da sauran matsalolin kariya.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> == Tattalin arziki == Rikicin ya lalata hanyoyin samun abin dogaro na iyalai da dama. Noma da kiwo sun samu illa saboda rashin tsaro, yayin da kasuwanni da zirga-zirgar kayayyaki suka fuskanci cikas. Rashin aiki da hauhawar farashin abinci suna ƙara matsin tattalin arziki ga iyalai. == Ambaliyar ruwa da sauyin yanayi == Baya ga rikicin makamai, yankin yana fuskantar matsalolin [[sauyin yanayi]] da ambaliyar ruwa. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya lalata gidaje, gonaki da hanyoyin sufuri. A lokacin da rikici ya riga ya raba mutane da muhallansu, bala'in yanayi na iya tilasta wa wasu sake ƙaura.<ref name="UNFPAFeb2026"/> == Sansanonin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu == Sansanonin da ake karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna fuskantar matsalolin cunkoso, ruwa, tsafta, abinci da kiwon lafiya. Wasu wuraren sun kuma fuskanci gobara da ke lalata matsuguni da kayayyakin iyalai. A watan Afrilu 2026, gobara a wani sabon matsuguni a Borno ta lalata gidaje sama da 200 tare da haddasa mutuwar mutane biyu.<ref name="UNFPAFire">{{cite web |title=UNFPA Nigeria Humanitarian Situation Report (April 2026) |url=https://nigeria.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/2date26-date6/UNFPA%20Nigeria%20Humanitarian%20Situation%20Report%20%28April%202026%29.pdf |publisher=[[UNFPA]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == 'Yan gudun hijira da dawowa == Rikicin ya kuma haifar da tserewar wasu mazauna yankin zuwa ƙasashe makwabta, musamman [[Kamaru]], [[Chadi]] da [[Nijar]]. Wasu 'yan gudun hijira sun koma Najeriya bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta a wasu yankuna. Dawowar jama'a tana buƙatar samar da gidaje, ruwa, makarantu, kiwon lafiya da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna ba da taimako ga mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ayyukan taimako sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * matsuguni; * kayan tsafta; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * ilimi; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. A 2026, gwamnatin Najeriya da abokan hulɗar jin ƙai sun nemi '''dala miliyan 516''' domin tallafa wa mutane miliyan 2.5 da ke cikin mafi tsananin buƙata a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe.<ref name="HNRP2026"/> == Ƙalubalen samun agaji == Rashin tsaro yana hana ko jinkirta kai taimako zuwa wasu yankuna. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, matsalolin hanyoyi da ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji suna rage ikon ƙungiyoyin agaji na biyan dukkan buƙatun. A 2026, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa buƙatun jin ƙai a BAY suna ƙaruwa a lokacin da kuɗaɗen taimakon ƙasa da ƙasa suke raguwa.<ref name="UNNigeria2026"/> == Halin da ake ciki a 2026 == A 2026, rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya kasance mai tsanani kuma mai ɗorewa. Kimanin '''miliyan 5.9''' mutane a Borno, Adamawa da Yobe ana hasashen za su buƙaci taimakon jin ƙai, yayin da kusan '''miliyan 5.8''' ke fuskantar matsanancin rashin abinci a lokacin ƙarancin amfanin gona.<ref name="HNRP2026"/><ref name="WFP2026"/> Jihohin BAY kuma suna karɓar fiye da '''miliyan 2.3''' mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu.<ref name="UNICEF2026"/> Saboda haka rikicin yana ci gaba da buƙatar haɗin gwiwar tsaro, jin ƙai, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da shirye-shiryen dawo da tattalin arziki. == Duba kuma == * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Islamic State West Africa Province]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Sahel]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Tashin hankali na jinsi]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://nigeria.un.org/en United Nations in Nigeria] * [https://www.unicef.org/appeals/nigeria UNICEF — Nigeria Humanitarian Appeal] * [https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/nigeria-emergency WFP — Northeastern Nigeria] * [https://www.unfpa.org/resources/situation-report-nigeria-april-2026 UNFPA — Nigeria Situation Report] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Borno]] [[Category:Adamawa]] [[Category:Yobe]] t9e54h205lavf2c9kisj04ls6j38l2a 0 164979 905254 2026-08-20T19:51:55Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox demographic group | group = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Nigeria | image = | image_caption = | population = Kimanin miliyan 3.6 | regions = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] da [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Turanci]], da sauran harsunan Najeriya | religions = [[Musulunci]], [[Kiristanci]] da sauran addinai | related_groups = Ɗan gudun hij... 905254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox demographic group | group = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Nigeria | image = | image_caption = | population = Kimanin miliyan 3.6 | regions = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] da [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Turanci]], da sauran harsunan Najeriya | religions = [[Musulunci]], [[Kiristanci]] da sauran addinai | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|'Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] 257ial7lgs7p9nopr6hw5jxqojnxgvv 905256 905254 2026-08-20T19:56:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 905256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databix}} {{Infobox demographic group | group = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Nigeria | image = | image_caption = | population = Kimanin miliyan 3.6 | regions = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] da [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Turanci]], da sauran harsunan Najeriya | religions = [[Musulunci]], [[Kiristanci]] da sauran addinai | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|'Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] luxh5jj01iikmvdaqlx6ikpiwxezw5g 905257 905256 2026-08-20T19:57:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 905257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox demographic group | group = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Nigeria | image = | image_caption = | population = Kimanin miliyan 3.6 | regions = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] da [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Turanci]], da sauran harsunan Najeriya | religions = [[Musulunci]], [[Kiristanci]] da sauran addinai | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|'Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] bsica5ucsnq5of0ytw0yujsa6p6lzrc 905258 905257 2026-08-20T19:58:12Z Baban Asiya 15906 905258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox demographic group | group = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Nigeria | image = | image_caption = | population = Kimanin miliyan 3.6 | regions = [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] da [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Turanci]], da sauran harsunan Najeriya | religions = [[Musulunci]], [[Kiristanci]] da sauran addinai | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|'Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> [[Najeriya]] na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] 0hwtfl400pdcv56oixkg5cpi2576vll 905259 905258 2026-08-20T19:58:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 905259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> [[Najeriya]] na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] 3vcmj0p5hq9k3wy6vsy4mufmnvlwzd6 905260 905259 2026-08-20T19:59:23Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Nassoshi */ 905260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya''' ({{lang-en|internally displaced persons in Nigeria}}, ko '''IDPs''') mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, [[ambaliyar ruwa]] ko wasu bala'o'i, amma suka kasance cikin iyakokin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRIDP">{{cite web |title=Internally Displaced People |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> [[Najeriya]] na daga cikin ƙasashen Afirka da ke da ɗimbin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a Najeriya, waɗanda yawancinsu suka rasa matsugunansu saboda [[tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya ne rikicin Boko Haram ya shafa ba. Rikicin ƙabilanci da na al'umma, fashi da makami, rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da bala'o'in yanayi suma suna haifar da ƙaura.<ref name="IDMCNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ma'ana == Mutumin da aka raba da muhallinsa shi ne wanda aka tilasta masa ko ya zama dole ya bar gidansa ko wurin zama na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, bala'i ko wani yanayi mai hatsari, amma bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa zuwa wata ƙasa ba.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Wannan ya bambanta da [[ɗan gudun hijira]], wanda ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa domin neman kariya a wata ƙasa. A Najeriya, mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu na iya zama a sansanonin IDPs, a wuraren da gwamnati ta ware, ko kuma tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Tarihi == Najeriya ta fuskanci ƙaura ta cikin gida saboda rikice-rikice da bala'o'i tun kafin barkewar Boko Haram. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, rikicin Boko Haram ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan dalilan ƙaura a arewa maso gabashin ƙasar. Rikicin manoma da makiyaya, tashin hankalin al'umma da ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai sun kuma haifar da ƙaura a Arewa ta Tsakiya da Arewa maso Yamma.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> Ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi sun ƙara yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a wasu shekaru. == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Najeriya yana canzawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane zuwa gidajensu, sake ƙaura da bala'o'i. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa Najeriya tana da kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs, yayin da Arewa maso gabas ke ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2'''.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> A cikin bayanan UNHCR na 2025, sama da kashi 60 cikin 100 na mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna Arewa maso Gabas, yayin da sauran manyan yankuna suka haɗa da Arewa maso Yamma da Arewa ta Tsakiya.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate">{{cite web |title=Operational Update January-March 2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-07/nigeria-operational-update-january-march-2025.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]]. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa miliyoyin mutane barin gidajensu a tsawon shekarun rikicin.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rikicin ya fi shafa. === Rikicin manoma da makiyaya === Rikice-rikicen da suka shafi manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura a wasu sassan [[Arewa ta Tsakiya]] da [[Arewa maso Yammacin Najeriya]]. Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da albarkatun ƙasa, tare da matsalolin tsaro da sauyin yanayi, na iya ƙara tsananta rikicin.<ref name="IDMCNigeria"/> === Fashi da makami da ƙungiyoyin makamai === A wasu sassan Arewa maso Yamma, ayyukan ƙungiyoyin makamai da fashi da makami sun tilasta wa mazauna barin garuruwa da ƙauyukansu. [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]], [[Kaduna]] da wasu jihohin yankin sun fuskanci ƙaura saboda rashin tsaro. === Rikicin al'umma === Rikice-rikicen ƙabilanci da na al'umma suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. A wasu lokuta, hare-haren ramuwar gayya da rikice-rikicen mallakar ƙasa suna tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa tana haifar da ƙaura a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa a [[Jihar Borno]] ta shafi kusan '''mutane 420,000''', bayan rushewar madatsar ruwan Alau kusa da Maiduguri.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/us/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa sun riga sun kasance IDPs saboda rikicin Boko Haram. == Yankunan da ke da yawan IDPs == === Arewa maso Gabas === Arewa maso Gabas shi ne yankin da ya fi ɗauke da IDPs a Najeriya. Jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da [[Yobe]] sun fi fuskantar tasirin tawayen Boko Haram. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' IDPs suna Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> === Arewa ta Tsakiya === Arewa ta Tsakiya tana fuskantar ƙaura saboda rikicin al'umma, rikicin manoma da makiyaya da wasu nau'o'in tashin hankali. A 2025, sama da '''600,000''' IDPs suna zaune a yankin Middle Belt, a cewar UNHCR.<ref name="UNHCRUpdate"/> [[Jihar Benue]] na daga cikin jihohin da suka fuskanci sababbin ƙaura saboda tashin hankali. === Arewa maso Yamma === Arewa maso Yamma ta fuskanci ƙaruwa a ƙaura saboda fashi da makami da hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai. Jihohin [[Zamfara]], [[Katsina]] da [[Kaduna]] sun kasance daga cikin wuraren da rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar al'umma. === Kudancin Najeriya === Adadin IDPs a Kudancin Najeriya ya fi na Arewa ƙanƙanta, amma ambaliyar ruwa, rikicin al'umma da wasu bala'o'i na iya haifar da ƙaura. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Arewa ma suna iya ƙaura zuwa manyan biranen Kudanci domin neman tsaro da aikin yi. == Sansanonin IDPs == Gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji sun kafa ko tallafa wa wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. [[Maiduguri]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen da suka karɓi IDPs daga sassan Borno da sauran jihohin yankin. Wasu IDPs suna zaune a sansanoni, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki. Rayuwa a sansanonin na iya kasancewa cikin ƙalubale saboda cunkoso, ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, tsafta da kiwon lafiya. == Abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki == IDPs suna cikin haɗarin [[rashin abinci]] saboda yawanci sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, gidaje da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. A yankunan da rikici ya shafa, rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ya fi shafar yara, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa ƙaruwar farashin abinci da lalacewar amfanin gona sun ƙara matsalar yunwa ga mutanen da suka riga sun rasa matsugunansu.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen samun kulawar lafiya. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni, rashin ruwa mai tsafta da ƙarancin cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici na iya kuma hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa ga wasu wuraren. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin manyan bukatun IDPs. A wasu sansanonin, yawan jama'a ya wuce ƙarfin kayan aikin ruwa da bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da rijiyoyi, ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta domin rage haɗarin cututtuka. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin mafi yawan mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Yara suna fuskantar haɗarin rasa ilimi, tamowa, cututtuka da rabuwa da iyalansu. Mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]], cin zarafi da amfani da su. Ayyukan kariya na IDPs sun haɗa da tallafin yara, wuraren aminci ga mata da kuma taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, rashin takardun makaranta, ƙaura ko rashin kayan karatu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da gwamnati suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara da suka rasa damar zuwa makaranta. == Matsuguni == IDPs suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. A wasu sansanonin, matsugunin wucin gadi ba sa da isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi ko ambaliya. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno ta lalata matsugunan IDPs a El Miskin da sauran wurare.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Rayuwa da hanyoyin samun kuɗi == Yawancin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu manoma ne, makiyaya ko ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da sana'o'insu. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da damar samun aiki. Samun damar komawa gonaki da wuraren kasuwanci cikin aminci yana da muhimmanci wajen rage dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa ba ya nufin matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa ba su da isassun makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa rashin isassun ayyukan jama'a, raunin ikon hukumomi da matsalolin gidaje da filaye suna iya hana sake haɗewar masu dawowa cikin aminci da dorewa.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual">{{cite web |title=UNHCR Annual Results Report 2025: Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/br/sites/default/files/2026-06/unhcr-annual-results-report-2025-nigeria.pdf |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=12 June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Najeriya ta amince da [[Kampala Convention]] a shekarar 2012, wadda ke samar da tsarin Afirka na kare mutanen da rikice-rikice da bala'o'i suka raba da muhallansu. Hukumomin Najeriya, ciki har da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], suna aiki tare da hukumomin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa wajen taimaka wa IDPs. Ayyukan gwamnati sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, sake matsuguntar jama'a, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da shirye-shiryen sake haɗa masu dawowa da al'ummominsu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[UNHCR]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]] da sauran ƙungiyoyi suna taimaka wa IDPs. Taimakon ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * barguna da sauran kayan taimakon rayuwa; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * tallafin sake samun abin dogaro. UNHCR ta ce tana aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya da sauran ƙungiyoyi wajen kariya, matsuguni, kayan agaji da gudanar da sansanonin IDPs.<ref name="UNHCRIDP"/> == Ƙalubalen taimakon IDPs == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji. A wasu yankunan Arewa maso Gabas, hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙuntata zirga-zirga suna rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa wuraren da ake buƙatar taimako. Rashin kuɗaɗen agaji da raguwar ayyukan ƙungiyoyin agaji ma suna iya barin wasu IDPs ba tare da isasshen taimako ba.<ref name="UNHCRAnnual"/> == Haɗin kai tsakanin IDPs da al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin gwamnati ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomi. Wannan na iya rage wasu matsalolin sansani, amma yana ƙara nauyi kan iyalan da ke karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Saboda haka shirye-shiryen taimako suna ƙoƙarin tallafa wa IDPs da kuma al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. == Bambanci tsakanin IDPs da 'yan gudun hijira == [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] shi ne mutumin da ya tsallaka iyakar ƙasarsa saboda neman kariya. IDP kuwa bai tsallaka iyakar ƙasa ba kuma yana ci gaba da kasancewa cikin Najeriya. Duk da wannan bambanci, duka ƙungiyoyin na iya fuskantar matsaloli iri ɗaya kamar rashin abinci, rashin matsuguni, tashin hankali da rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Najeriya na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar ƙaura mai yawa. UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa akwai kusan '''miliyan 3.6''' IDPs a ƙasar, tare da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' a Arewa maso Gabas.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> Bayanan IDMC sun nuna cewa Najeriya ta sami kimanin '''354,000''' sababbin ƙaura da suka danganci rikici da tashin hankali a shekarar 2025.<ref name="IDMC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ |publisher=[[Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre|IDMC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Matsalar tana ci gaba da kasancewa mai sarkakiya saboda haɗuwar rikicin makamai, tashin hankali tsakanin al'umma, matsalolin tattalin arziki da bala'o'in yanayi. == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[Rashin abinci]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/who-we-help/internally-displaced-people UNHCR Nigeria — Internally Displaced People] * [https://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/nigeria/ IDMC — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/country/nga UNHCR — Nigeria Operational Data Portal] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:'Yan gudun hijira]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Rashin abinci]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] k96c6fym354cot5d018iskruufzdtsr 0 164980 905264 2026-08-20T20:04:15Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351379516|Tamara Ehlert]]" 905264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 Disamba 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a 1938, kuma bayan 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 7s99x52wduy43fkhyu95abs40rdltqm 905265 905264 2026-08-20T20:04:37Z Usman saadu 46863 905265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 Disamba 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a 1938, kuma bayan 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 9qe2pb2h18gstd34j7459isyegaxohp 905266 905265 2026-08-20T20:05:10Z Usman saadu 46863 905266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a 1938, kuma bayan 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] i5ih2rgezqer6iutzupi8kezcyo2wpc 905267 905266 2026-08-20T20:05:35Z Usman saadu 46863 905267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a shekara ta 1938, kuma bayan 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] pigykfga6ewrmf13ptjlsi8ceym0uh1 905268 905267 2026-08-20T20:05:59Z Usman saadu 46863 905268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga shekara ta 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a shekara ta 1938, kuma bayan 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] qh1u92vpzcyrl8l11kmfyufm4zlm1y2 905269 905268 2026-08-20T20:06:36Z Usman saadu 46863 905269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tamara Ehlert''', aka '''Tamara Traumann''' (28 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1921 - 8 Satumba 2008) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a Königsberg, kuma ta horar da ita a wasan kwaikwayo da rawa. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da tarho da [[rediyo]]. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fassara ga gwamnatin mamayar Burtaniya bayan yakin. Daga shekara ta 1951 zuwa gaba, Bayerischer Rundfunk ta yi mata aiki. Littafinta na farko ya kasance a cikin ''Königsberger Tageblatt'' a shekara ta 1938, kuma bayan Shekarar 1945 waƙoƙinta da gajerun labaru suna bugawa akai-akai. Ta mutu a [[München|Munich]], tana da shekaru 86. Ehlert ya zauna a Munich kuma yana da 'ya'ya mata biyu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1921]] 7yibvb3sev6j3z07nq10iytr3w9nq0t 0 164981 905271 2026-08-20T20:11:47Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617403|Elke Erb]]" 905271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elke Erb''' (18 ga Fabrairu 1938 - 22 ga Janairu 2024) marubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiya a [[Berlin]]. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita da kuma mai fassara.<ref name="EElautKMuAK">{{Cite web |last=Klaus Michael |last2=Andreas Kölling |title=Erb, Elke * 18.2.1938 Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363;-1424.html?ID=739 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Wer war wer in der DDR? |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}</ref><ref name="EElautMA">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb deutsche Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Elke%20Erb/0/16786.html |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Biographien |publisher=Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg}}</ref><ref name="EElautEO">{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth Oehlkers |date=1 October 2012 |title=''Mountains in Berlinby'' Elke Erb |journal=Translation Review |publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=53 |pages=26–27 |doi=10.1080/07374836.1997.10524063}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Tushen iyali da farkon shekarun === An haifi Elke Erb a Scherbach (a yau wani ɓangare na Rheinbach) a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin Bonn . Iyayenta sun koma can tare da kawunta Otto da iyalinsa a cikin 1937 don, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya ce, don "tsayar da National Socialism".<ref name="EElautGvT">{{Cite web |last=Gabriele von Törne |date=18 August 2010 |title=Scherbach wurde Zuflucht vor den Nazis |url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155541/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=General Anzeiger |publisher=Bonner Zeitungsdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt H. Neusser GmbH}}</ref> [[:de:Ewald Erb|Ewald Erb (1903-1978)]] , mahaifinta, ya yi aiki a ofishin haraji na gida, bayan ya rasa mukaminsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Marxist a Jami'ar Bonn a 1933 saboda "ayyukan Kwaminisanci".<ref name="EElautMA" /> Mahaifiyarta Elisabeth ta yi aiki a ƙasar. Elke ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na iyayenta, duk an haife su a Scherbach tsakanin 1938 da 1941 lokacin da aka kwashe mahaifinta don aikin soja. Ƙarami daga cikin 'yan'uwa mata uku shine marubucin mawaƙa Ute Erb . <ref name="EElautGvT" /> A matsayinsa na memba na Sojojin Jamus na [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|lokacin yaƙi]] Ewald Erb an tuhume shi da wani nau'i na tayar da kayar baya (<nowiki><i id="mwMQ">"Wehrkraftzersetzung"</i></nowiki>) , daga baya ya ƙare a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi. Game da iyalin, ya fita daga cikin hoton tsakanin 1941 da 1949. A shekara ta 1949 iyalin sun sake haɗuwa lokacin da Ewald Erb ya shirya matarsa da 'ya'yansa mata su sake haɗuwa da shi a Halle a yankin Soviet. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Halle na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan ya zo kai tsaye daga gidan fursunonin yaki na Burtaniya a shekarar 1947. Koyaya, Ewald Erb yana zaune a Halle a cikin ɗaki ɗaya da aka hayar da ke dauke da teburin rubutu ɗaya da gado ɗaya. Akwai sarari ga mahaifiyar 'yan mata, amma an tura yara su zauna a cikin "gida" (makarantar zama da aka sake ba da ita kwanan nan) na shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref name="EElautGL">{{Cite web |last=Gregor Laschen |date=10 September 2010 |title=Elke Erb: Kastanienallee |url=http://www.planetlyrik.de/elke-erb-kastanienallee/2010/09/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Egmont Hesse (Planet Lyrik), Berlin}}</ref> Ga Elke Erb, tana gabatowa shekarunta na matashi, sakamakon rushewa da rashin tabbas shine rabuwar dindindin daga iyayenta.<ref name="EElautMA" /><ref name="EElautAM">{{Cite web |last=Andrea Marggraf |date=12 February 2008 |title=Hoffnung brauch' ich keine |url=http://www.engeler.de/pressemappe_erb.pdf |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Presseartikel zu Elke Erb: Die Lyrikerin Elke Erb (radio programme transcription) |publisher=Deutschlandradio Kultur (Literatur), Berlin & Urs Engeler, CH-Schupfart}}</ref> === Ilimi === Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare ta halarci makaranta a cikin gida. A wannan lokacin, duk dangin sun yi imanin cewa mahaifinta "ya ɓace a cikin aiki". Motsawa zuwa Halle ya haɗa da canjin makaranta lokacin da Elke Erb ke da shekara goma sha ɗaya.<ref name="EElautAM" /> Ta samu nasarar kammala aikinta na makaranta ta hanyar wucewa Abitur (jarabawar karshe) a shekara ta 1957. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Wannan ya biyo bayan shekara guda a matsayin ma'aikacin gona a lokacin 1958/59 a cikin mahallin Free German Youth ("Freie Deutsche Jugend" / FDJ) aikin inganta ƙasa tare da ƙungiyar gona a Altmärkische Wische . <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Wannan nau'in da ake buƙata "shekara mai nisa" kafin fara karatun sakandare ba sabon abu ba ne a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus a wannan lokacin. (An sake kaddamar da yankin zama na Soviet bayan yakin kuma an sake sanya shi a matsayin "Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus" da Soviet ta tallafawa - Gabashin Jamus - a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1949.) Daga nan, tsakanin 1959 zuwa 1963, ta gudanar da karatun digiri na shekaru hudu a Jami'ar Halle don samun cancanta a matsayin malamin Jamusanci da Rasha. Ta fito ne tare da cancantar da ake bukata tare da fahimtar cewa a gare ta aikin koyarwa zai zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. === Editan wallafe-wallafen === Erb ya fara aiki a matsayin mai sa kai sannan kuma a matsayin editan wallafe-wallafen tare da [[:de:Mitteldeutscher Verlag|Mitteldeutscher Verlag]] tsakanin 1963 da 1966.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /><ref name="EElautLCB">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb .... Vita |url=http://www.literaturport.de/Elke.Erb/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Literarisches Colloquium Berlin e.V.}}</ref> Wannan ya kawo ta cikin hulɗa tare da mambobi masu cin nasara da yawa na tsarin wallafe-wallafen Gabashin Jamus.<ref name="EElautAM" /> Ta bar bayan shekaru biyu, duk da haka. A rabi na biyu na 1965 da farkon 1966 ta kasance a matsayin mai haƙuri a asibitin mahaukaci. <ref name="EElautLCB" /><ref name="EElautDvT" /> Daga baya, ta koma [[Berlin]] kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta. Da farko ta zauna a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a saman bene a Berlin-Hohenschönhausen . <ref name="EElautDvT" /> Ta yi aiki a kan matani na kanta, rubuce-rubuce ga masu bugawa a kan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da kuma ayyukan almara.<ref name="EElautLCB" /> Ba da daɗewa ba ta koma cikin ɗakin da aka raba tare da marubucin-waƙa Adolf Endler a tsakiyar Berlin "ƙasa biyar, tare da bayan gida na waje". Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1968. <ref name="EElautDvT" /><ref name="EEverheiratet">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb poetess, translator |url=http://www.meridiancz.com/en/elke-erb/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=[[:de:Meridian Czernowitz|Meridian Czernowitz]] poetry festival}}</ref> Waƙoƙinta na farko da aka buga sun bayyana a shekarar 1968.<ref name="EElautLCB" /> A wannan lokacin ta koma Berlin har abada.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> === Marubuci da mai fassara === A shekara ta 1969 ta yi ziyara mai tsawo zuwa [[Georgia]]. Babban fassarar ta ta farko, wanda ya bayyana a shekara ta 1974, na matani ne na Marina Tsvetaeva.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Ta samar da waƙoƙi da ayyukan rubutu da ƙarin fassarori, musamman na litattafan [[:ru:Юрьев, Олег Александрович|Oleg Alexandrovitch Yuryev]] da waƙoƙin Olga Martynova . Akwai gyare-gyaren Jamusanci, galibi daga matani na Rasha, amma kuma daga Turanci, Italiyanci da Georgian. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> <ref name="EElautAR">{{Cite web |last=André Rudolph |date=17 January 2008 |title=Landgreifend Wort an Wort: Elke Erb |url=http://www.engeler.de/pressemappe_erb.pdf |access-date=14 March 2019 |website=Presseartikel zu Elke Erb .... Eine Sendung zum 70. Geburtstag von Elke Erb am 18. Februar.Als «Kardiogramme des Denkens» wurden ihre Gedichte einmal bezeichnet. Neben SarahKirsch und Friederike Mayröcker gilt Elke Erb heute als die dritte herausragendedeutschsprachige Dichterin ihrer Generation. |publisher=MDR Figaro}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita-mai tarawa, a wani lokaci, alal misali, na shekara-shekara "[[:de:Jahrbuch der Lyrik|Jahrbuch der Lyrik]]". <ref name="Lyrik">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2011 |title=Christoph Buchwald & Elke Erb (Hrsg.): Luchterhand Jahrbuch der Lyrik 1986 |url=http://www.planetlyrik.de/christoph-buchwald-elke-erb-hrsg-luchterhand-jahrbuch-der-lyrik-1986/2011/03/ |access-date=14 March 2019 |publisher=Egmont Hesse i.A. Planet Lyrik}}</ref> Elke Erb ya zama, a tsawon shekaru, wani abu ne na wahayi da kuma mai ba da shawara ga tsarin wallafe-wallafen Prenzlauer-Berg. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Kusawarta da [[:de:Friedensrat der DDR|Yunkurin zaman lafiya mai zaman kansa]], shiga cikinta a cikin 1981 tare da tarihin waƙoƙin waka da zanga-zangar ta (tare da wasu) a cikin 1983 game da hana 'yancin ɗan ƙasa na matashi mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Roland Jahn duk sun haɗu don mayar da hankali ga sa ido kan Stasi.<ref name="EEvolgensWvH">{{Cite web |last=Wouter van Heiningen |title=Elke Erb |url=https://woutervanheiningen.wordpress.com/tag/elke-erb/ |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> Akwai yunkurin da hukumar zartarwa ta kasa ta (Gabas) Jamusanci Writers' Association a karkashin shugabancin Hermann Kant ta yi don ware ta daga zama memba ko aƙalla don ƙuntata damar tafiye-tafiye, wanda zai hana ta hanyar rayuwa ta hanyar rubutu, amma ba a taɓa yin wannan warewa ta reshen Berlin ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] 08tz5z1jmy8vyd4leq3ja7f0w9jo76q 905273 905271 2026-08-20T20:15:55Z Usman saadu 46863 905273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elke Erb''' (18 ga Fabrairu 1938 - 22 ga watan Janairu a shekara ta 2024) marubuciya ce kuma mawaƙiya a [[Berlin]]. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin edita da kuma mai fassara.<ref name="EElautKMuAK">{{Cite web |last=Klaus Michael |last2=Andreas Kölling |title=Erb, Elke * 18.2.1938 Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363;-1424.html?ID=739 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Wer war wer in der DDR? |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}</ref><ref name="EElautMA">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb deutsche Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Elke%20Erb/0/16786.html |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Biographien |publisher=Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg}}</ref><ref name="EElautEO">{{Cite journal |last=Elizabeth Oehlkers |date=1 October 2012 |title=''Mountains in Berlinby'' Elke Erb |journal=Translation Review |publisher=Taylor & Francis |volume=53 |pages=26–27 |doi=10.1080/07374836.1997.10524063}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Tushen iyali da farkon shekarun === An haifi Elke Erb a Scherbach (a yau wani ɓangare na Rheinbach) a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin Bonn . Iyayenta sun koma can tare da kawunta Otto da iyalinsa a cikin 1937 don, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya ce, don "tsayar da National Socialism".<ref name="EElautGvT">{{Cite web |last=Gabriele von Törne |date=18 August 2010 |title=Scherbach wurde Zuflucht vor den Nazis |url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155541/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=General Anzeiger |publisher=Bonner Zeitungsdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt H. Neusser GmbH}}</ref> [[:de:Ewald Erb|Ewald Erb (1903-1978)]] , mahaifinta, ya yi aiki a ofishin haraji na gida, bayan ya rasa mukaminsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Marxist a Jami'ar Bonn a 1933 saboda "ayyukan Kwaminisanci".<ref name="EElautMA" /> Mahaifiyarta Elisabeth ta yi aiki a ƙasar. Elke ita ce babba a cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na iyayenta, duk an haife su a Scherbach tsakanin 1938 da 1941 lokacin da aka kwashe mahaifinta don aikin soja. Ƙarami daga cikin 'yan'uwa mata uku shine marubucin mawaƙa Ute Erb . <ref name="EElautGvT" /> A matsayinsa na memba na Sojojin Jamus na [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|lokacin yaƙi]] Ewald Erb an tuhume shi da wani nau'i na tayar da kayar baya (<nowiki><i id="mwMQ">"Wehrkraftzersetzung"</i></nowiki>) , daga baya ya ƙare a matsayin fursunonin yaƙi. Game da iyalin, ya fita daga cikin hoton tsakanin 1941 da 1949. A shekara ta 1949 iyalin sun sake haɗuwa lokacin da Ewald Erb ya shirya matarsa da 'ya'yansa mata su sake haɗuwa da shi a Halle a yankin Soviet. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya yi aiki a Jami'ar Halle na tsawon shekaru biyu, bayan ya zo kai tsaye daga gidan fursunonin yaki na Burtaniya a shekarar 1947. Koyaya, Ewald Erb yana zaune a Halle a cikin ɗaki ɗaya da aka hayar da ke dauke da teburin rubutu ɗaya da gado ɗaya. Akwai sarari ga mahaifiyar 'yan mata, amma an tura yara su zauna a cikin "gida" (makarantar zama da aka sake ba da ita kwanan nan) na shekaru biyu masu zuwa.<ref name="EElautGL">{{Cite web |last=Gregor Laschen |date=10 September 2010 |title=Elke Erb: Kastanienallee |url=http://www.planetlyrik.de/elke-erb-kastanienallee/2010/09/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Egmont Hesse (Planet Lyrik), Berlin}}</ref> Ga Elke Erb, tana gabatowa shekarunta na matashi, sakamakon rushewa da rashin tabbas shine rabuwar dindindin daga iyayenta.<ref name="EElautMA" /><ref name="EElautAM">{{Cite web |last=Andrea Marggraf |date=12 February 2008 |title=Hoffnung brauch' ich keine |url=http://www.engeler.de/pressemappe_erb.pdf |access-date=12 March 2019 |website=Presseartikel zu Elke Erb: Die Lyrikerin Elke Erb (radio programme transcription) |publisher=Deutschlandradio Kultur (Literatur), Berlin & Urs Engeler, CH-Schupfart}}</ref> === Ilimi === Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare ta halarci makaranta a cikin gida. A wannan lokacin, duk dangin sun yi imanin cewa mahaifinta "ya ɓace a cikin aiki". Motsawa zuwa Halle ya haɗa da canjin makaranta lokacin da Elke Erb ke da shekara goma sha ɗaya.<ref name="EElautAM" /> Ta samu nasarar kammala aikinta na makaranta ta hanyar wucewa Abitur (jarabawar karshe) a shekara ta 1957. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Wannan ya biyo bayan shekara guda a matsayin ma'aikacin gona a lokacin 1958/59 a cikin mahallin Free German Youth ("Freie Deutsche Jugend" / FDJ) aikin inganta ƙasa tare da ƙungiyar gona a Altmärkische Wische . <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Wannan nau'in da ake buƙata "shekara mai nisa" kafin fara karatun sakandare ba sabon abu ba ne a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus a wannan lokacin. (An sake kaddamar da yankin zama na Soviet bayan yakin kuma an sake sanya shi a matsayin "Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus" da Soviet ta tallafawa - Gabashin Jamus - a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1949.) Daga nan, tsakanin 1959 zuwa 1963, ta gudanar da karatun digiri na shekaru hudu a Jami'ar Halle don samun cancanta a matsayin malamin Jamusanci da Rasha. Ta fito ne tare da cancantar da ake bukata tare da fahimtar cewa a gare ta aikin koyarwa zai zama mafarki mai ban tsoro. === Editan wallafe-wallafen === Erb ya fara aiki a matsayin mai sa kai sannan kuma a matsayin editan wallafe-wallafen tare da [[:de:Mitteldeutscher Verlag|Mitteldeutscher Verlag]] tsakanin 1963 da 1966.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /><ref name="EElautLCB">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb .... Vita |url=http://www.literaturport.de/Elke.Erb/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Literarisches Colloquium Berlin e.V.}}</ref> Wannan ya kawo ta cikin hulɗa tare da mambobi masu cin nasara da yawa na tsarin wallafe-wallafen Gabashin Jamus.<ref name="EElautAM" /> Ta bar bayan shekaru biyu, duk da haka. A rabi na biyu na 1965 da farkon 1966 ta kasance a matsayin mai haƙuri a asibitin mahaukaci. <ref name="EElautLCB" /><ref name="EElautDvT" /> Daga baya, ta koma [[Berlin]] kuma ta fara aiki a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta. Da farko ta zauna a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a saman bene a Berlin-Hohenschönhausen . <ref name="EElautDvT" /> Ta yi aiki a kan matani na kanta, rubuce-rubuce ga masu bugawa a kan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da kuma ayyukan almara.<ref name="EElautLCB" /> Ba da daɗewa ba ta koma cikin ɗakin da aka raba tare da marubucin-waƙa Adolf Endler a tsakiyar Berlin "ƙasa biyar, tare da bayan gida na waje". Sun yi aure a shekara ta 1968. <ref name="EElautDvT" /><ref name="EEverheiratet">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb poetess, translator |url=http://www.meridiancz.com/en/elke-erb/ |access-date=12 March 2019 |publisher=[[:de:Meridian Czernowitz|Meridian Czernowitz]] poetry festival}}</ref> Waƙoƙinta na farko da aka buga sun bayyana a shekarar 1968.<ref name="EElautLCB" /> A wannan lokacin ta koma Berlin har abada.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> === Marubuci da mai fassara === A shekara ta 1969 ta yi ziyara mai tsawo zuwa [[Georgia]]. Babban fassarar ta ta farko, wanda ya bayyana a shekara ta 1974, na matani ne na Marina Tsvetaeva.<ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Ta samar da waƙoƙi da ayyukan rubutu da ƙarin fassarori, musamman na litattafan [[:ru:Юрьев, Олег Александрович|Oleg Alexandrovitch Yuryev]] da waƙoƙin Olga Martynova . Akwai gyare-gyaren Jamusanci, galibi daga matani na Rasha, amma kuma daga Turanci, Italiyanci da Georgian. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> <ref name="EElautAR">{{Cite web |last=André Rudolph |date=17 January 2008 |title=Landgreifend Wort an Wort: Elke Erb |url=http://www.engeler.de/pressemappe_erb.pdf |access-date=14 March 2019 |website=Presseartikel zu Elke Erb .... Eine Sendung zum 70. Geburtstag von Elke Erb am 18. Februar.Als «Kardiogramme des Denkens» wurden ihre Gedichte einmal bezeichnet. Neben SarahKirsch und Friederike Mayröcker gilt Elke Erb heute als die dritte herausragendedeutschsprachige Dichterin ihrer Generation. |publisher=MDR Figaro}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin edita-mai tarawa, a wani lokaci, alal misali, na shekara-shekara "[[:de:Jahrbuch der Lyrik|Jahrbuch der Lyrik]]". <ref name="Lyrik">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2011 |title=Christoph Buchwald & Elke Erb (Hrsg.): Luchterhand Jahrbuch der Lyrik 1986 |url=http://www.planetlyrik.de/christoph-buchwald-elke-erb-hrsg-luchterhand-jahrbuch-der-lyrik-1986/2011/03/ |access-date=14 March 2019 |publisher=Egmont Hesse i.A. Planet Lyrik}}</ref> Elke Erb ya zama, a tsawon shekaru, wani abu ne na wahayi da kuma mai ba da shawara ga tsarin wallafe-wallafen Prenzlauer-Berg. <ref name="EElautKMuAK" /> Kusawarta da [[:de:Friedensrat der DDR|Yunkurin zaman lafiya mai zaman kansa]], shiga cikinta a cikin 1981 tare da tarihin waƙoƙin waka da zanga-zangar ta (tare da wasu) a cikin 1983 game da hana 'yancin ɗan ƙasa na matashi mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama Roland Jahn duk sun haɗu don mayar da hankali ga sa ido kan Stasi.<ref name="EEvolgensWvH">{{Cite web |last=Wouter van Heiningen |title=Elke Erb |url=https://woutervanheiningen.wordpress.com/tag/elke-erb/ |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> Akwai yunkurin da hukumar zartarwa ta kasa ta (Gabas) Jamusanci Writers' Association a karkashin shugabancin Hermann Kant ta yi don ware ta daga zama memba ko aƙalla don ƙuntata damar tafiye-tafiye, wanda zai hana ta hanyar rayuwa ta hanyar rubutu, amma ba a taɓa yin wannan warewa ta reshen Berlin ba. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] gy8syly34ki02f3ajpp0i486igr1jiu 0 164982 905280 2026-08-20T20:43:55Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369211051|Ute Erb]]" 905280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ute Erb''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1940) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci, mawaƙi kuma mai fassara. Ta girma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (Gabas ta Jamus) ; amma lokacin da take da shekaru 16 ta tsere ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa yamma, ba tare da gaya wa iyayenta ba, kuma ta ƙare tana zaune a [[Köln|Cologne]] "tare da abokai". An tura ta zuwa gare ta, kamar yadda ta bayyana daga baya, "ta hanyar marmarin gida ga Jamus wanda bai wanzu ba". Ba zai zama karo na karshe da za ta nuna halin tawaye ba.<ref name="UElautGAV">{{Cite web |title=Ute Erb: Biographie |url=https://www.gav.at/pages/mitglieder.php?ID=108 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Mitglieder |publisher=Grazer Autorinnen Autorenversammlung (GAV), Wien}}</ref> == Rushe iyali da farkon shekarun == An haifi Ute Erb a [[Rheinbach]]" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rheinbach">Scherbach (daga baya ya shiga cikin Rheinbach) a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin Bonn . Iyayenta sun koma can tare da kawunta Otto da iyalinsa a cikin 1937 don, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya ce, don "tsayar da National Socialism".<ref name="UElautGvT">{{Cite web |last=Gabriele von Törne |date=18 August 2010 |title=Scherbach wurde Zuflucht vor den Nazis |url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155541/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=General Anzeiger |publisher=Bonner Zeitungsdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt H. Neusser GmbH}}</ref> [[:de:Ewald Erb|daga]]&#x5D;<nowiki>-linkid="68" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ill","href":"./Template:Ill"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Ewald Erb"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Ewald Erb"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Ewald_Erb?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ewald Erb" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Ewald Erb [de] (1903-1978), mahaifinta, ya yi aiki a ofishin haraji na gida, bayan ya rasa mukaminsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Marxist a Jami'ar Bonn a 1933 saboda zargin "ayyukan Kwaminisanci".</nowiki><ref name="EElautMA">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb deutsche Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Elke%20Erb/0/16786.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Biographien |publisher=Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta Elisabeth ta yi aiki a ƙasar. Ute ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na iyayenta, duk an haife su a Scherbach tsakanin 1938 da 1941, lokacin da aka kwashe mahaifinta don aikin soja.<ref name="UElautGvT" /> == Yaron da aka katse == A shekara ta 1949 [[:de:Ewald Erb|Ewald Erb]] ya ƙaura da iyalinsa daga Rheinbach, a yankin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, zuwa Halle a Yankin Soviet. An riga an miƙa shi kuma ya karɓi gayyatar don ɗaukar farfesa a Jami'ar Halle shekaru biyu da suka gabata amma an jinkirta tabbatar da shi na ƙarshe, a bayyane yake saboda tuhumar da hukumomi suka yi cewa shi "wakilin Ingilishi ne". Lokacin da 'yan mata da mahaifiyarsu suka isa Halle saboda haka mahaifinsu ba shi da aiki kuma yana fama da wani nau'i na Neuropathy. Ute da 'yan uwanta mata biyu an cire su daga dangin kuma an shigar da su a Gidan marayu na Francke Foundation inda suka zauna na 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, an kwace kadarorin Gidauniyar Francke a Halle kuma an mika su ga ikon jami'a, wanda bayan 1946 ya sauƙaƙa matakan kai tsaye na ikon jam'iyya. Yayinda ta kasance a gidan marayu, kuma kamar yadda waɗannan yanayi suka ba da izini, Ute Erb ta sami wata ƙungiya ta al'ada da aka amince da ita, ta shiga "Young Pioneers" tare da sauran. Ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar yara da Jenny Gertz ta shirya, mai rawa kuma wanda ya tsira daga sansanin Yahudawa. A halin yanzu, hukumomi suna da alama suna sulhunta, sannu a hankali, ga ra'ayin cewa mahaifinta ba ɗan leƙen asiri ne na yamma ba. Farfesa na jami'a bai taba zama ba, amma an ba shi aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare. Daga baya ya zama babban mataimakin bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafan Jamusanci ta jami'ar wanda ya ba da damar yin aiki a kan "Tarihin Littattafan Jamus", tarin Marxist mai yawa. A wani lokaci iyalin sun sake haɗuwa.<ref name="UElautGAV" /> == Littafin farko == Erb ta tattauna tserewa zuwa yamma da dalilan da suka sa a cikin littafinta mai suna "Die Kette an deinem Hals" (a hankali, "Sandan da ke kewaye da wuyanka") wanda ta fara rubutawa bisa ga shawarar aboki, likita kuma mai fafutukar adawa da Fascist [[:de:Joseph Scholmer|Joseph Scholmer]] . <ref name="UElautGAV" /> A lokacin da aka kammala littafin kuma, a cikin 1960, an buga shi, marubucin yana zaune da aiki a Kibbutz Gal'ed a Galili.<ref name="UEinKibbutz1960">{{Cite web |title=Joseph Scholmer ... Leben und Wirken |url=http://archiv.c6-magazin.de/06/news/gesundheit/007321.php |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=C6 Magazin}}</ref> "Die Kette an deinem Hals" duk da haka ya ji daɗin babbar nasarar kasuwanci, duk da kasancewa littafin farko da marubucin ya buga. A lokacin da ya dace an samar da fim din (1965) kuma an fassara littafin cikin harsuna da yawa.<ref name="KettelautSpiegel">{{Cite web |date=20 December 1960 |title=Ute Erb: »Die Kette an deinem Hals« |url=https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/ute-erb-die-kette-an-deinem-hals-a-c3c9bf3a-0002-0001-0000-000043067963 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=brief review/synopsis |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}</ref><ref name="KettelautSB">{{Cite web |last=Sylvia Büttner |date=5 January 2015 |title=Die Umsetzung der >Hamburger Dramaturgie< .... Die Kette an deinem Hals (review/synopsis of the film of the book) |url=https://d-nb.info/1064977448/34 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Egon Monk und das gesellschaftskritische Fernsehspiel: Aufbau, Konzeption und Entwicklung der Hauptabteilung Fernsehspiel im Norddeutschen Rundfunk 1960 bis 1968 unter der Leitung des Regisseurs, Dramaturgen und Autors Egon Monk |publisher=Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Hamburg |pages=104–106}}</ref> == Aure na farko == A shekara ta 1962 ta dawo Jamus, inda ta zauna a Charlottenburg (West Berlin) kuma ta auri Michael Pampuch, ƙwararren mai fassara da mawaƙa a lokaci guda. An haifi 'ya'yan ma'auratan a cikin 1961 da 1963. Erb da Pampuch sun hada kai don samar da fassarar harshen Jamusanci na tarihin rayuwar Booth Mooney na Shugaba Lyndon Johnson. <ref name="UElautGAV" /> Aure ya ƙare da kisan aure a shekarar 1966. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 50lbpbaxfgm2pv5sp5muk20axus7wcq 905283 905280 2026-08-20T20:48:08Z Usman saadu 46863 905283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ute Erb''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1940) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci, mawaƙi kuma mai fassara. Ta girma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (Gabas ta Jamus) ; amma lokacin da take da shekaru 16 ta tsere ba bisa ka'ida ba zuwa yamma, ba tare da gaya wa iyayenta ba, kuma ta ƙare tana zaune a [[Köln|Cologne]] "tare da abokai". An tura ta zuwa gare ta, kamar yadda ta bayyana daga baya, "ta hanyar marmarin gida ga Jamus wanda bai wanzu ba". Ba zai zama karo na karshe da za ta nuna halin tawaye ba.<ref name="UElautGAV">{{Cite web |title=Ute Erb: Biographie |url=https://www.gav.at/pages/mitglieder.php?ID=108 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Mitglieder |publisher=Grazer Autorinnen Autorenversammlung (GAV), Wien}}</ref> == Rushe iyali da farkon shekarun == An haifi Ute Erb a [[Rheinbach]]" id="mwFA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Rheinbach">Scherbach (daga baya ya shiga cikin Rheinbach) a cikin tsaunuka a kudancin Bonn . Iyayenta sun koma can tare da kawunta Otto da iyalinsa a cikin 1937 don, kamar yadda mahaifinta ya ce, don "tsayar da National Socialism".<ref name="UElautGvT">{{Cite web |last=Gabriele von Törne |date=18 August 2010 |title=Scherbach wurde Zuflucht vor den Nazis |url=http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155541/http://www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de/region/Scherbach-wurde-Zuflucht-vor-den-Nazis-article26404.html |archive-date=10 October 2017 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=General Anzeiger |publisher=Bonner Zeitungsdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt H. Neusser GmbH}}</ref> [[:de:Ewald Erb|daga]]&#x5D;<nowiki>-linkid="68" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ill","href":"./Template:Ill"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Ewald Erb"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Ewald Erb"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Ewald_Erb?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwGw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ewald Erb" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Ewald Erb [de] (1903-1978), mahaifinta, ya yi aiki a ofishin haraji na gida, bayan ya rasa mukaminsa na ilimi a matsayin masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Marxist a Jami'ar Bonn a 1933 saboda zargin "ayyukan Kwaminisanci".</nowiki><ref name="EElautMA">{{Cite web |title=Elke Erb deutsche Schriftstellerin |url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Elke%20Erb/0/16786.html |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Biographien |publisher=Munzinger Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta Elisabeth ta yi aiki a ƙasar. Ute ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya mata uku na iyayenta, duk an haife su a Scherbach tsakanin 1938 da 1941, lokacin da aka kwashe mahaifinta don aikin soja.<ref name="UElautGvT" /> == Yaron da aka katse == A shekara ta 1949 [[:de:Ewald Erb|Ewald Erb]] ya ƙaura da iyalinsa daga Rheinbach, a yankin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya, zuwa Halle a Yankin Soviet. An riga an miƙa shi kuma ya karɓi gayyatar don ɗaukar farfesa a Jami'ar Halle shekaru biyu da suka gabata amma an jinkirta tabbatar da shi na ƙarshe, a bayyane yake saboda tuhumar da hukumomi suka yi cewa shi "wakilin Ingilishi ne". Lokacin da 'yan mata da mahaifiyarsu suka isa Halle saboda haka mahaifinsu ba shi da aiki kuma yana fama da wani nau'i na Neuropathy. Ute da 'yan uwanta mata biyu an cire su daga dangin kuma an shigar da su a Gidan marayu na Francke Foundation inda suka zauna na 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1940, an kwace kadarorin Gidauniyar Francke a Halle kuma an mika su ga ikon jami'a, wanda bayan 1946 ya sauƙaƙa matakan kai tsaye na ikon jam'iyya. Yayinda ta kasance a gidan marayu, kuma kamar yadda waɗannan yanayi suka ba da izini, Ute Erb ta sami wata ƙungiya ta al'ada da aka amince da ita, ta shiga "Young Pioneers" tare da sauran. Ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar yara da Jenny Gertz ta shirya, mai rawa kuma wanda ya tsira daga sansanin Yahudawa. A halin yanzu, hukumomi suna da alama suna sulhunta, sannu a hankali, ga ra'ayin cewa mahaifinta ba ɗan leƙen asiri ne na yamma ba. Farfesa na jami'a bai taba zama ba, amma an ba shi aiki a matsayin malamin makarantar sakandare. Daga baya ya zama babban mataimakin bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Littattafan Jamusanci ta jami'ar wanda ya ba da damar yin aiki a kan "Tarihin Littattafan Jamus", tarin Marxist mai yawa. A wani lokaci iyalin sun sake haɗuwa.<ref name="UElautGAV" /> == Littafin farko == Erb ta tattauna tserewa zuwa yamma da dalilan da suka sa a cikin littafinta mai suna "Die Kette an deinem Hals" (a hankali, "Sandan da ke kewaye da wuyanka") wanda ta fara rubutawa bisa ga shawarar aboki, likita kuma mai fafutukar adawa da Fascist [[:de:Joseph Scholmer|Joseph Scholmer]] . <ref name="UElautGAV" /> A lokacin da aka kammala littafin kuma, a cikin 1960, an buga shi, marubucin yana zaune da aiki a Kibbutz Gal'ed a Galili.<ref name="UEinKibbutz1960">{{Cite web |title=Joseph Scholmer ... Leben und Wirken |url=http://archiv.c6-magazin.de/06/news/gesundheit/007321.php |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=C6 Magazin}}</ref> "Die Kette an deinem Hals" duk da haka ya ji daɗin babbar nasarar kasuwanci, duk da kasancewa littafin farko da marubucin ya buga. A lokacin da ya dace an samar da fim din (1965) kuma an fassara littafin cikin harsuna da yawa.<ref name="KettelautSpiegel">{{Cite web |date=20 December 1960 |title=Ute Erb: »Die Kette an deinem Hals« |url=https://www.spiegel.de/kultur/ute-erb-die-kette-an-deinem-hals-a-c3c9bf3a-0002-0001-0000-000043067963 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=brief review/synopsis |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}</ref><ref name="KettelautSB">{{Cite web |last=Sylvia Büttner |date=5 January 2015 |title=Die Umsetzung der >Hamburger Dramaturgie< .... Die Kette an deinem Hals (review/synopsis of the film of the book) |url=https://d-nb.info/1064977448/34 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Egon Monk und das gesellschaftskritische Fernsehspiel: Aufbau, Konzeption und Entwicklung der Hauptabteilung Fernsehspiel im Norddeutschen Rundfunk 1960 bis 1968 unter der Leitung des Regisseurs, Dramaturgen und Autors Egon Monk |publisher=Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Hamburg |pages=104–106}}</ref> == Aure na farko == A shekara ta 1962 ta dawo Jamus, inda ta zauna a Charlottenburg (West Berlin) kuma ta auri Michael Pampuch, ƙwararren mai fassara da mawaƙa a lokaci guda. An haifi 'ya'yan ma'auratan a cikin 1961 da 1963. Erb da Pampuch sun hada kai don samar da fassarar harshen Jamusanci na tarihin rayuwar Booth Mooney na Shugaba Lyndon Johnson. <ref name="UElautGAV" /> Aure ya ƙare da kisan aure a shekarar 1966. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] ldtr7pz6a2to8mjsfnvmczr550r8h9z 3 164983 905287 2026-08-20T21:23:13Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905287 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Carlitos060130! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Carlitos060130|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) nfelb44dy0u8r73igsjv8mw0gq01i0u 3 164984 905288 2026-08-20T21:23:23Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905288 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, VFFM! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/VFFM|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 9kfk41jye40itqo0otbndiykatmp6ci 3 164985 905289 2026-08-20T21:23:33Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905289 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Interlingvisto! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Interlingvisto|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) qh3s2hwynblep9dmydve3koqac4qj2c 3 164986 905290 2026-08-20T21:23:43Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905290 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 潘少凱! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/潘少凱|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) leot1b3bkjd12fvjnzo3w31i8tryrmv 3 164987 905291 2026-08-20T21:23:53Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905291 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 90imrana! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/90imrana|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) k4skj2sivue20u4gfszzl7yx3m904iv 3 164988 905292 2026-08-20T21:24:03Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905292 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Stmodeas! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Stmodeas|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) n8tt40yqdhjf3npzeowt1byqqhebynk 3 164989 905293 2026-08-20T21:24:13Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905293 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Думаюкккккккккк! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Думаюкккккккккк|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) dsret0fb7u2xe0f0hehj1tyaldr5y3r 3 164990 905294 2026-08-20T21:24:23Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905294 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shaaibu labiru! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shaaibu labiru|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) q31exu6wzmlvvhs4semcbuilffkxog9 0 164991 905295 2026-08-20T21:24:26Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617406|Anna Ettlinger]]" 905295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga Fabrairu 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] 8ld9vwidz5kb0qafm1lxx34lshw90ym 905324 905295 2026-08-20T22:43:56Z Usman saadu 46863 905324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga Fabrairu 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] 2gdw6kij1dz19tb1sob8af2uqdv1kws 905325 905324 2026-08-20T22:44:36Z Usman saadu 46863 905325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] i8n4a0t41cwrbz2e9rcg6v7m62e3l24 905326 905325 2026-08-20T22:44:58Z Usman saadu 46863 905326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba A shekara ta 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] g4c2c01xdf53pfjad7hnlsof82b7br6 905327 905326 2026-08-20T22:45:25Z Usman saadu 46863 905327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba A shekara ta 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] tk51uvvxmdod8ljn8q4rn4tweyc3mmp 905328 905327 2026-08-20T22:46:13Z Usman saadu 46863 905328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba A shekara ta 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi's da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] r9vi5893b0ehdly0rfp4yduuj9aanet 905329 905328 2026-08-20T22:46:44Z Usman saadu 46863 905329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anna Ettlinger''' (16 ga Nuwamba 1841 - 17 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1934) marubuciya ce kuma mawakiyar Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Anna Ettlinger a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba A shekara ta 1841 a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, [[Jamus]]. Mahaifinta, Veit Ettlinger lauya ne mai daraja. Iyalinta sun kasance masu aiki a rayuwar al'adu ta garin. Gidan iyayenta ya ziyarci sau da yawa daga mawaƙa ciki har da Johannes Brahms da Hermann Levi . Anna, tare da 'yan uwanta mata, sun raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na gida waɗanda Brahms da Levi suka jagoranta a Karlsruhe . Ta raira waƙa a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na ''Shicksalslied'', wanda Brahms ya gudanar a ranar 18 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1871, da kuma Triumphlied, wanda Levi ya shirya a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni 1872. <ref name="auto" /> A shawarar Levi, ta kuma rubuta ''Melusine'', wani opera libretto a cikin aya a cikin a shekara ta 1871. Sha'awarta ta wallafe-wallafen zama marubuciya ta fi dacewa da auren da iyalinta suka shirya mata. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen karfafa Bertha Pappenheim ta rubuta. Littattafanta sun haɗa da Erinnerungen an Brahms und Levi's da ''Lebenserinnerungen'' . {{Sfn|Clive|2006}} Ta mutu a Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Jamus a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1934. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1841]] 6jwje6mdw17h86iaj9j21dah6b6p0et 3 164992 905296 2026-08-20T21:24:33Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905296 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yakubu19! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yakubu19|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) 3odn82d1ykh6aqbmb3v018slzem945j 3 164993 905297 2026-08-20T21:24:43Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905297 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Afaimashan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Afaimashan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) fgov0f8u66xlrsth3ewaas2dtolzlhu 3 164994 905298 2026-08-20T21:24:53Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905298 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Chipichapororo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Chipichapororo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) kztt0q80mgl403wfgngvo2robx5w0j3 3 164995 905299 2026-08-20T21:25:03Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905299 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Serols! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Serols|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) rq5sx3uou1bng24qqx7i9xv1t9zxyrq 3 164996 905300 2026-08-20T21:25:13Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905300 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Akzey! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Akzey|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) f90a4mqubyrxf6hxjjljnt1oogrfmuf 3 164997 905301 2026-08-20T21:25:23Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905301 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dogru144! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dogru144|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) mh34qwk72odtmkfkfnlshxgwoexhvb3 3 164998 905302 2026-08-20T21:25:33Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 905302 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, HelloImSteven! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/HelloImSteven|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 20 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) i8fldr3fujbsk4ploq81i4ru8r233n3 0 164999 905306 2026-08-20T21:53:43Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Borno State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rikicin makamai, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Kanuri|Kanuri]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da ak... 905306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Borno State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rikicin makamai, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Kanuri|Kanuri]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno''' mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu ko wuraren zamansu na yau da kullum saboda rikici, tashin hankali, rashin tsaro ko bala'o'i, amma suka ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakar [[Najeriya]]. Jihar Borno na daga cikin wuraren da [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] ya fi shafa, kuma ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar rikicin jin ƙai na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Rikicin ya haifar da dogon lokaci na ƙaura, tare da mutane da dama suna zama a sansanonin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu ko kuma tare da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Matsalolin da suke fuskanta sun haɗa da rashin abinci, ƙarancin matsuguni, rashin ruwa da tsafta, matsalolin kiwon lafiya, ilimi da rashin hanyoyin samun abin dogaro.<ref name="IOMNorthEast">{{cite web |title=North-East Displacement Report Round 51 (October 2025) |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-displacement-report-round-51-october-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=October 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikicin ƙaura a Jihar Borno ya ƙaru sosai bayan tashin hankalin Boko Haram da ya fara tsananta a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya tun daga shekarar 2009. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, yaƙe-yaƙe, sace-sace da lalacewar hanyoyin samun abin dogaro sun tilasta wa mutane da yawa barin gidajensu. Borno ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jihohin [[BAY states|BAY]] da rikicin ya fi shafa, tare da [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]].<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> == Dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance babban dalilin ƙaura a Borno. Hare-haren da aka kai kan garuruwa da ƙauyuka sun tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu. Wasu mutane sun yi ƙaura sau da yawa yayin da yanayin tsaro ya sauya. === Rikicin ƙungiyoyin makamai === Baya ga Boko Haram, wasu ƙungiyoyin makamai da suka yi aiki a yankin sun ƙara rashin tsaro. Rashin tsaro ya hana wasu manoma komawa gonakinsu, sannan ya katse zirga-zirgar mutane da kayayyaki. === Bala'o'in yanayi === Bala'o'in yanayi ma suna haifar da ko ƙara ƙaura. A watan Yunin 2025, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya shafi al'ummomi da dama a ƙaramar hukumar Monguno. Rahoton IOM ya ce mutane 496 sun fuskanci tasirin lamarin, yayin da matsuguni 116 suka lalace.<ref name="IOMBornoRain">{{cite web |title=North-east — Borno State Flash Report 161 |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-borno-state-flash-report-161-1-july-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=1 July 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Borno yana sauyawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane, sake ƙaura da bala'o'in yanayi. IOM-DTM ta kiyasta cewa a zagaye na 51 na rahoton ƙaura na arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, an gano '''mutane 2,333,190''' da aka raba da muhallansu a jihohin arewa maso gabas guda shida, a cikin gidaje 478,229.<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> Wannan adadi na arewa maso gabas ne gaba ɗaya, ba na Jihar Borno kaɗai ba. UNHCR kuma ta bayyana cewa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya na ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' daga cikin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> == Maiduguri == [[Maiduguri]] babban birnin Jihar Borno ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu suka nemi mafaka. Yawan mutanen da suka isa Maiduguri ya sanya matsin lamba kan gidaje, ruwa, tsafta, kiwon lafiya, makarantu da sauran ayyukan jama'a. Wasu daga cikin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna zama tare da iyalai masu masaukin baki, yayin da wasu suka zauna a wuraren da aka ware domin IDPs. == Sansanonin IDPs == A tsawon rikicin, an kafa wurare daban-daban domin karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Wasu daga cikin wuraren suna cikin birane, yayin da wasu suke kusa da ƙauyuka da wuraren da mutanen suka fito. Matsalolin sansanonin sun haɗa da cunkoso, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta, rashin isasshen abinci da matsalolin kariya. Hukumomin gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna gudanar da ayyukan taimako a wasu wuraren. == Rayuwa a cikin al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk IDPs ne suke zama a sansanonin ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran al'ummomin Borno. Wannan tsarin na iya ba wa mutane damar samun ƙarin 'yanci, amma yana iya ƙara matsin lamba kan albarkatun iyalan da suka karɓe su. == Abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu ke fuskanta. Mutane da yawa sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi ko sana'o'in da suke dogaro da su. Rashin tsaro kuma yana iya hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu ko kai amfanin gona kasuwa. Ayyukan agaji suna samar da kayan abinci, tallafin kuɗi da wasu hanyoyin taimaka wa iyalai. == Tamowa == Yara ƙanana suna cikin haɗarin [[tamowa]] saboda rashin samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa ma suna cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Rikici da ƙaura na iya rage damar samun abinci mai kyau da kulawar lafiya. == Kiwon lafiya == Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Rashin tsaro na iya hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa wasu wurare. Cunkoso da ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Ayyukan jin ƙai sun haɗa da cibiyoyin lafiya na gaggawa, allurar rigakafi, kula da yara da kuma tallafin lafiyar mata. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da wuraren tsafta yana daga cikin muhimman bukatun IDPs. A wasu wurare, yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu ya wuce ƙarfin abubuwan more rayuwa. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da ruwan sha, rijiyoyi, bandakuna da kayan tsafta. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara na iya rasa damar zuwa makaranta, yayin da mata da 'yan mata ke fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]] da sauran matsalolin kariya. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna ƙoƙarin samar da wuraren kariya, tallafin yara da taimakon mutanen da suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Rikicin ya katse karatun yara da yawa a Borno. Wasu makarantu sun rufe ko kuma sun yi amfani da su wajen karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Ƙaura kuma tana iya sa yara su rasa takardun makaranta, kayan karatu ko damar ci gaba da karatu. Shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa suna taimaka wa wasu yara komawa makaranta. == Matsuguni == Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi da ambaliyar ruwa. A wasu lokuta, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi yana lalata matsugunan wucin gadi. A Monguno a 2025, ruwan sama ya lalata matsuguni 116 a wuraren da aka gano tasirin lamarin.<ref name="IOMBornoRain"/> == Hanyoyin samun abin dogaro == Yawancin mutanen Borno suna dogaro da noma, kiwo, kasuwanci da ƙananan sana'o'i. Ƙaura tana iya hana su ci gaba da waɗannan ayyukan. Shirye-shiryen taimako suna samar da horo, kayan noma, tallafin kuɗi da sauran hanyoyin sake samun abin dogaro. == Dawowa gida == Wasu mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu sun koma garuruwansu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa na iya kasancewa mai wahala saboda lalacewar gidaje, rashin makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa da damar samun abin dogaro. Wasu mutanen da suka dawo suna fuskantar haɗarin sake ƙaura idan tashin hankali ya sake barkewa. == Sabbin masu ƙaura == Rikicin ba ya ƙarewa da dawowar wasu mutane; sababbin hare-hare na iya haifar da sababbin masu ƙaura. A tsakanin 19 da 25 ga Janairu 2026, IOM ta rubuta '''sabbin masu zuwa 551''' a wurare daban-daban na Borno. Daga cikinsu, 181 IDPs ne, yayin da 370 suka kasance masu dawowa.<ref name="IOMBornoJan2026">{{cite web |title=Emergency Tracking Tool Report 523 — Borno State |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-emergency-tracking-tool-report-523-borno-state-19-25-january-2026 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=25 January 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Sabbin IDPs ɗin an gano su a ƙananan hukumomin Askira/Uba, Bama, Chibok, Damboa, Gwoza, Hawul, Kaga da Monguno.<ref name="IOMBornoJan2026"/> == Taimakon jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya da ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai na ƙasa da ƙasa suna taimaka wa mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin martanin sun haɗa da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNHCR]], [[UNICEF]] da [[World Food Programme|WFP]], tare da hukumomin Najeriya da ƙungiyoyin cikin gida. Ayyukan taimako sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * sake samun hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Ƙalubalen ayyukan agaji == Rashin tsaro yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin kai agaji a Borno. A wasu wurare, haɗarin hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai da ƙarancin hanyoyin sufuri yana rage damar ma'aikatan agaji zuwa al'ummomin da abin ya shafa. Rahotannin jin ƙai sun nuna cewa wasu sassan Borno suna ci gaba da fuskantar matsalolin samun damar ayyukan jin ƙai saboda yanayin tsaro.<ref name="OCHABorno">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Humanitarian Fund: Rapid Response for flood in BAY States |url=https://onegms.unocha.org/pubdocs/Allocationsdocs/NGA-AllocDocs_2024_1338_1071.pdf |publisher=[[Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai Kula da Harkokin Jin Ƙai|OCHA]] |date=2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya tana aiki tare da gwamnatocin jihohi da hukumomin jin ƙai domin taimaka wa mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Manufofin sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, kare fararen hula, dawo da ayyukan jama'a da kuma taimaka wa mutanen da suka koma gidajensu. Dawowar IDPs zuwa wuraren da suka fito na buƙatar yanayin tsaro mai kyau da kuma samun gidaje, makarantu, kiwon lafiya da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Halin da ake ciki == Har zuwa shekarar 2026, Jihar Borno na ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da rikicin ƙaura da jin ƙai ya fi tsanani a Najeriya. Bayanan IOM sun nuna cewa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya na da sama da mutane miliyan 2.3 da aka raba da muhallansu a rahoton zagaye na 51.<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> A Borno kuma, sababbin ƙaura suna ci gaba da faruwa a wasu ƙananan hukumomi, yayin da wasu mutane ke komawa yankunansu.<ref name="IOMBornoJan2026"/> Saboda haka, matsalar mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Borno tana buƙatar haɗa ayyukan tsaro, taimakon jin ƙai, kiwon lafiya, ilimi da sake gina tattalin arziki. == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Maiduguri]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] * [[UNHCR]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-displacement-report-round-51-october-2025 IOM-DTM — North-East Displacement Report] * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-emergency-tracking-tool-report-523-borno-state-19-25-january-2026 IOM-DTM — Borno State Emergency Tracking Tool] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-borno-state-flash-report-161-1-july-2025 IOM-DTM — Borno State Flash Report] [[Category:Jihar Borno]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Ƙaura]] q2m2ndnog2epys15f20gtuflizlntcs 0 165000 905308 2026-08-20T21:57:37Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Yobe | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Yobe State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Yobe]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rashin tsaro, rikicin makamai da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Kanuri|Kanuri]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka r... 905308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Yobe | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Yobe State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Yobe]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rashin tsaro, rikicin makamai da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Kanuri|Kanuri]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Yobe''' mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu ko wuraren zamansu na yau da kullum saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali, rashin tsaro ko bala'o'i, amma suka ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakar [[Najeriya]]. Jihar Yobe na daga cikin jihohin [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] da [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] ya fi shafa.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ƙaura a Yobe tana da alaƙa musamman da rikicin Boko Haram da sauran matsalolin tsaro a yankin, amma bala'o'in yanayi da matsalolin tattalin arziki ma na iya ƙara buƙatar jin ƙai. Yobe tana cikin jihohin [[Borno]], [[Adamawa]] da Yobe da ake kira jihohin BAY a cikin shirye-shiryen jin ƙai na Najeriya.<ref name="OCHABAY">{{cite web |title=Nigeria: Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY) states |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/nigeria/nigeria-borno-adamawa-and-yobe-bay-states-situation-report-5-february-2026 |publisher=[[Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai Kula da Harkokin Jin Ƙai|OCHA]] |date=5 February 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikicin ƙaura a Yobe ya ƙaru sosai bayan tashin hankalin [[Boko Haram]] a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai, kashe-kashe, sace-sace da tsoron rashin tsaro sun tilasta wa mazauna wasu ƙauyuka da garuruwa barin gidajensu. Yobe ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin jihohin da rikicin ya shafa tare da [[Jihar Borno|Borno]] da [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]].<ref name="IOMNorthEast">{{cite web |title=North-East Nigeria Displacement Report |url=https://dtm.iom.int/product-series/displacement-report-15 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] da ƙungiyoyin da suka balle daga cikinta sun kasance daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a Yobe. Hare-hare da rashin tsaro sun tilasta wa iyalai barin gidajensu, gonakinsu da wuraren kasuwancinsu. Wasu mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun koma garuruwansu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta, yayin da wasu suka sake ƙaura saboda sababbin matsalolin tsaro. === Rashin tsaro === Rashin tsaro ya shafi zirga-zirga, noma, kasuwanci da ayyukan yau da kullum. A wasu yankuna, tsoron hare-hare yana hana mutane komawa gonakinsu ko tafiya zuwa kasuwanni. === Bala'o'in yanayi === Baya ga rikici, [[ambaliyar ruwa]], fari da sauran matsalolin yanayi na iya haifar da ƙaura. A Najeriya, UNHCR ta bayyana cewa matsalolin ƙaura suna da alaƙa da rikici, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Yobe yana sauyawa saboda sababbin ƙaura, dawowar wasu mutane da sake ƙaura. IOM tana gudanar da [[Displacement Tracking Matrix]] domin bibiyar mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu da masu dawowa a jihohin arewa maso gabas, ciki har da Yobe.<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> Rahoton IOM na arewa maso gabas ya shafi jihohi shida, wato [[Adamawa]], [[Bauchi]], [[Borno]], [[Gombe]], [[Taraba]] da Yobe. Saboda haka, adadin da aka bayar a rahoton yankin ba za a ɗauke shi kai tsaye a matsayin adadin IDPs na Yobe kaɗai ba.<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> UNHCR ta kiyasta cewa arewa maso gabashin Najeriya gaba ɗaya na ɗauke da kusan '''miliyan 2.2''' daga cikin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya.<ref name="UNHCRNigeria"/> == Damaturu == [[Damaturu]] babban birnin Jihar Yobe ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu suka nemi mafaka. Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suna iya zama a wuraren da aka ware ko tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Yawan mutanen da suka ƙaura zuwa birane yana ƙara buƙatar ruwa, tsafta, kiwon lafiya, matsuguni da sauran ayyukan jama'a. == Sansanonin IDPs == Wasu daga cikin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Yobe suna zama a sansanonin ko wuraren da aka ware, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da al'ummomin masauki. [[Kukareta]] na daga cikin wuraren da aka ambata a rahotannin UNHCR dangane da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu a Yobe.<ref name="UNHCRYobe">{{cite web |title=UNHCR donates sanitation equipment to IDPs in Yobe |url=https://data.unhcr.org/en/news/16281 |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A wuraren matsuguni, matsalolin da ake fuskanta sun haɗa da ruwa, tsafta, abinci, kiwon lafiya da matsuguni. == Rayuwa a al'ummomin masauki == Ba duk mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu ne suke zama a sansanonin ba. Wasu suna zama tare da dangi, abokai ko sauran iyalai a cikin al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Wannan na iya ba su damar samun tallafin iyali da na al'umma, amma yana iya ƙara matsin lamba kan abinci, gidaje da ayyukan jama'a. == Abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu ke fuskanta. Yawancin mutanen da suka bar gidajensu sun rasa gonaki, dabbobi, sana'o'i ko damar yin kasuwanci. Rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu, wanda hakan ke rage samar da abinci da kuɗin shiga. Ayyukan jin ƙai sun haɗa da rabon abinci da tallafin kuɗi ga iyalai masu rauni. == Tamowa == Yara ƙanana suna cikin haɗarin [[tamowa]] saboda rashin samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki. Mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa ma suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Haɗuwar rashin abinci, cututtuka da ƙarancin samun kiwon lafiya na iya ƙara matsalar tamowa. == Kiwon lafiya == Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun ayyukan kiwon lafiya. Rashin tsaro na iya hana ma'aikatan lafiya isa wasu wurare. Cunkoso a wuraren matsuguni da ƙarancin ruwa mai tsafta na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Ayyukan agaji sun haɗa da kiwon lafiya na gaggawa, allurar rigakafi, kula da yara da ayyukan lafiyar mata. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin muhimman buƙatun IDPs. A wasu wuraren, yawan mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu yana ƙara matsin lamba kan rijiyoyi, wuraren rarraba ruwa da bandakuna. A shekarar 2026, UNHCR ta ruwaito bayar da kayan tsafta ga IDPs a Damaturu, ciki har da mutanen da ke Kukareta.<ref name="UNHCRYobe"/> == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin waɗanda rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara na iya rasa damar zuwa makaranta, yayin da mata da 'yan mata ke iya fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]] da sauran matsalolin kariya. Ayyukan jin ƙai suna samar da kariya ga yara, tallafin iyalai da kuma ayyukan kariya da taimakon waɗanda suka fuskanci tashin hankali. == Ilimi == Ƙaura tana iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna barin makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, ƙaura, rashin kayan makaranta ko kuma saboda makarantu sun lalace ko sun daina aiki. Shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa na taimaka wa yara da suka rasa damar samun ilimi. == Matsuguni == Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci. Wasu matsugunan wucin gadi na iya zama marasa isasshen kariya daga ruwan sama, zafi da sauran yanayin yanayi. Samar da gidaje masu ɗorewa yana daga cikin abubuwan da ake buƙata domin samun mafita mai ɗorewa ga ƙaura. == Hanyoyin samun abin dogaro == Yawancin iyalai a Yobe suna dogaro da noma, kiwo, kasuwanci da ƙananan sana'o'i. Ƙaura tana iya hana mutane ci gaba da waɗannan ayyukan. Shirye-shiryen dawo da rayuwa suna tallafa wa wasu iyalai da kayan noma, horo, tallafin kuɗi da sauran hanyoyin samun kuɗi. == Dawowa gida == Wasu mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna komawa gidajensu bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Amma dawowa ba ya nufin cewa matsalar ta ƙare. Wasu wuraren dawowa na iya rasa gidaje, makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya, ruwa ko damar samun abin dogaro. A shekarar 2025, UNHCR ta ƙaddamar da shirin '''Solutions for Internally Displaced Persons in Nigeria (SIDPIN)''', wanda ya haɗa da Yobe, Adamawa da Kano. Shirin yana mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa hukumomin ƙananan hukumomi, gidaje, filaye, ayyukan more rayuwa da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro ga al'ummomin da ƙaura ta shafa.<ref name="SIDPIN">{{cite web |title=Bringing Hope to Displaced Families |url=https://www.unhcr.org/ng/bringing-hope-to-displaced-families |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=11 September 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Taimakon jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya da ƙungiyoyin agaji suna taimaka wa mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. Ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin martanin sun haɗa da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNHCR]], [[UNICEF]] da [[World Food Programme|WFP]], tare da hukumomin Najeriya da ƙungiyoyin cikin gida. Ayyukan taimako sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * sake samun hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Ƙalubalen ayyukan agaji == Rashin tsaro, ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji da nisan wasu al'ummomi daga manyan cibiyoyi na iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan jin ƙai. Ayyukan agaji a Yobe suna cikin tsarin martanin jin ƙai na jihohin BAY, wanda ya haɗa da Borno da Adamawa.<ref name="OCHABAY"/> == Manufofin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya da gwamnatin Jihar Yobe suna aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai wajen tallafa wa mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu. Manufofin sun haɗa da taimakon gaggawa, kare fararen hula, samar da ayyukan jama'a da kuma taimaka wa mutanen da ke son komawa gidajensu. Shirye-shiryen mafita mai ɗorewa suna ƙoƙarin rage dogaro na dogon lokaci da taimakon jin ƙai ta hanyar gidaje, ayyukan more rayuwa da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro.<ref name="SIDPIN"/> == Halin da ake ciki == A shekarar 2026, Yobe na ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jihohin Najeriya da rikicin arewa maso gabas ya shafa. OCHA ta haɗa Yobe da Borno da Adamawa a cikin yankin BAY, wanda ke ci gaba da fuskantar manyan buƙatun jin ƙai, musamman saboda rikici, ƙaura, rashin abinci da matsalolin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="OCHABAY"/> Adadin IDPs a Yobe yana canzawa akai-akai saboda sababbin ƙaura da dawowar wasu mutane. Saboda haka, alkaluman IOM-DTM na zagayen ƙidaya daban-daban ya kamata a bayyana tare da ranar da aka tattara su maimakon gabatar da su a matsayin adadi na dindindin.<ref name="IOMNorthEast"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[Damaturu]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://dtm.iom.int/nigeria IOM — Displacement Tracking Matrix Nigeria] * [https://dtm.iom.int/product-series/displacement-report-15 IOM — North-East Nigeria Displacement Report] * [https://www.unhcr.org/where-we-work/countries/nigeria UNHCR — Nigeria] * [https://data.unhcr.org/en/news/16281 UNHCR — IDPs in Yobe] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/bringing-hope-to-displaced-families UNHCR — Solutions for IDPs in Nigeria] [[Category:Jihar Yobe]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Ƙaura]] mecb5nleioc0ul7tn8wwjcq5i1a4ubr 0 165001 905309 2026-08-20T21:59:30Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Adamawa | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Adamawa State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rikicin makamai, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Fulfulde|Fulfulde]], [[Harshen Bata|Bata]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gu... 905309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox demographic group | name = Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Adamawa | native_name = Internally displaced persons in Adamawa State | image = | caption = | population = | region = [[Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya]] | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], rikicin makamai, rashin tsaro da bala'o'in yanayi | languages = [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]], [[Harshen Fulfulde|Fulfulde]], [[Harshen Bata|Bata]] da sauran harsunan Najeriya | related_groups = [[Ɗan gudun hijira|’Yan gudun hijira]] }} '''Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Adamawa''' mutane ne da aka tilasta musu barin gidajensu ko wuraren zamansu na yau da kullum saboda [[rikicin makamai]], tashin hankali, rashin tsaro ko bala'o'i, amma suka ci gaba da kasancewa cikin iyakar [[Najeriya]]. Jihar Adamawa tana cikin [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]], yankin da ya fuskanci ƙaura mai yawa sakamakon [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikice. Jihohin Adamawa, Borno da Yobe suna daga cikin jihohin da rikicin ya fi shafa.<ref name="IOMNE">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — North-East Displacement Report Round 51 |url=https://dtm.iom.int/product-series/displacement-report-15 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A Adamawa, ƙaura ta samo asali ne daga rikicin makamai da rashin tsaro, amma ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi ma suna iya haifar da sababbin masu ƙaura.<ref name="IOMFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — Joint Post-Flood Situation Report — Adamawa State |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-joint-post-flood-situation-report-adamawa-state-10-december-2024 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=10 December 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikicin ƙaura a Adamawa ya ƙaru sosai tun lokacin da [[Boko Haram]] ya fara tsananta ayyukansa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin makamai sun tilasta wa mazauna wasu yankunan jihar barin gidajensu domin neman tsaro. A wasu lokuta, mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu sun ƙaura zuwa wasu ƙananan hukumomi ko birane, yayin da wasu suka tsallaka zuwa ƙasashe maƙwabta kamar [[Kamaru]]. IOM ta gudanar da bincike na Displacement Tracking Matrix domin bibiyar IDPs da masu dawowa a Adamawa da sauran jihohin arewa maso gabas.<ref name="IOMNE"/> == Dalilan ƙaura == === Tawayen Boko Haram === [[Boko Haram]] ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da ƙaura a Adamawa. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kisan fararen hula da tsoron tashin hankali sun tilasta wa mutane da yawa barin gidajensu. Wasu daga cikin yankunan da rikicin ya shafa sun haɗa da [[Madagali]], [[Michika]] da wasu ƙananan hukumomi da ke kusa da iyakar Kamaru. === Rikicin makamai da rashin tsaro === Rashin tsaro ya shafi rayuwar jama'a da tattalin arziki. A wasu wurare, tsoron hare-hare yana hana mutane komawa gonakinsu ko ci gaba da kasuwanci. A watan Yunin 2022, wani hari a Madagali ya haifar da sabon motsin ƙaura. IOM ta ce mutane '''665''' ne suka sami tasirin wannan lamarin.<ref name="IOMMadagali">{{cite web |title=North-east Nigeria — Adamawa State Population Displacement Flash Report: Madagali |url=https://dtm.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1461/files/reports/IOM%20Nigeria%20DTM%20Flash%20Report%20NE%20-%20Madagali%20Adamawa%20State%20%2828%20June%202022%29.pdf |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=28 June 2022 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Ambaliyar ruwa === Ambaliyar ruwa na daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura a Adamawa. A watan Satumba 2024, IOM ta gano wurare 38 da ambaliyar ruwa ta shafa ko kuma suka karɓi mutanen da ambaliyar ta raba da muhallansu. A ƙananan hukumomi tara da aka tantance, mutane '''24,169''' sun fuskanci tasirin ambaliyar. Daga cikin su akwai '''7,074''' da aka raba da muhallansu da kuma '''3,120''' masu dawowa.<ref name="IOMFloodSept">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — Flood Situation Report — Adamawa State |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-flood-situation-report-adamawa-state-13-september-2024 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A watan Oktoba zuwa Nuwamba 2024, wani sabon bincike ya gano mutane '''68,576''' da ambaliyar ta raba da muhallansu a cikin gidaje 11,376 a ƙananan hukumomi 16 da aka tantance.<ref name="IOMFloodOct">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — Joint Post-Flood Situation Report — Adamawa State |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-joint-post-flood-situation-report-adamawa-state-10-december-2024 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=10 December 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu == Adadin IDPs a Adamawa yana sauyawa saboda sababbin rikice-rikice, dawowar wasu mutane, sake ƙaura da bala'o'in yanayi. Rahoton IOM na Displacement Tracking Matrix na arewa maso gabas yana haɗa Adamawa da Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Gombe da Taraba wajen ƙididdigar IDPs.<ref name="IOMNE"/> A zagaye na 51, wanda aka gudanar a watan Satumba zuwa Oktoba 2025, IOM ta gano '''2,333,190''' IDPs a jihohin arewa maso gabas guda shida gaba ɗaya.<ref name="IOMRound51">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — North-East Displacement Report Round 51 |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-east-displacement-report-round-51-february-2026 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wannan adadi na dukkan jihohin arewa maso gabas ne, ba na Adamawa kaɗai ba. Saboda haka, ba a kamata a ɗauki jimillar 2,333,190 a matsayin adadin IDPs na Adamawa ba. == Yola == [[Yola]] babban birnin Jihar Adamawa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu suka nemi mafaka. Wasu IDPs suna zama a wuraren da aka ware, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Ƙaura zuwa birane tana ƙara matsin lamba kan gidaje, ruwa, tsafta, kiwon lafiya da makarantu. == Sansanonin IDPs == Wasu daga cikin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna zama a sansanonin ko wuraren da ake kira camp-like settings. Wasu kuma suna zaune a cikin al'ummomin masauki. Wuraren matsuguni na iya fuskantar matsalolin cunkoso, ƙarancin ruwa, tsafta, abinci da kiwon lafiya. == Yanayin rayuwa == Wani binciken IOM na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da aka gudanar a Adamawa a watan Yunin 2025 ya shafi gidaje '''376''' a wurare 20 da ke cikin ƙananan hukumomi huɗu. Binciken ya gano cewa kashi '''76%''' na waɗanda aka tambaya sun rasa matsugunansu kafin shekarar 2016, kuma da yawa sun fuskanci ƙaura fiye da sau ɗaya.<ref name="IOMEconomic">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — IDP Socio-economic Assessment in Adamawa State |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-idp-socio-economic-assessment-adamawa-state-june-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=June 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Kashi '''59%''' na gidajen da aka bincika sun bayyana yanayin rayuwarsu a matsayin mara kyau ko mara kyau sosai, yayin da kashi '''7%''' kawai suka bayyana yanayin rayuwarsu a matsayin mai kyau.<ref name="IOMEconomic"/> == Abinci == Rashin abinci yana daga cikin manyan matsalolin da IDPs ke fuskanta. Mutanen da suka bar gidajensu na iya rasa gonaki, dabbobi, sana'o'i da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Rashin tsaro na iya hana manoma komawa gonakinsu. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna taimakawa da abinci, tallafin kuɗi da wasu shirye-shiryen samar da abin dogaro. == Kiwon lafiya == IDPs suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen samun kiwon lafiya. Cunkoso, ƙarancin ruwa da tsafta da kuma nisan wasu al'ummomi daga cibiyoyin lafiya na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka. Mata masu juna biyu, yara da mutanen da ke da nakasa suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli yana daga cikin muhimman buƙatun mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya lalata rijiyoyi, bandakuna da sauran kayan aikin ruwa. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da ruwan sha, bandakuna da kayan tsafta a wuraren da abin ya shafa. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke fuskantar ƙarin haɗari lokacin ƙaura. Yara na iya rasa damar zuwa makaranta, yayin da mata da 'yan mata za su iya fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]] da sauran matsalolin kariya. Shirye-shiryen jin ƙai suna samar da kariya ga yara da tallafi ga mata da iyalai masu rauni. == Ilimi == Ƙaura na iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna rasa makaranta saboda rashin tsaro, ƙaura, rashin kayan karatu ko matsalolin samun damar shiga makarantu. Shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa suna taimaka wa wasu yara ci gaba da karatu. == Matsuguni == Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna buƙatar matsuguni mai aminci da kariya daga yanayi. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya lalata gidaje da matsugunan wucin gadi. Binciken IOM na ambaliyar 2024 ya nuna cewa wasu gidaje a wuraren da aka tantance sun lalace ko sun lalace sosai.<ref name="IOMFloodSept"/> == Hanyoyin samun abin dogaro == Yawancin iyalai a Adamawa suna dogaro da noma, kiwo, kasuwanci da ƙananan sana'o'i. Ƙaura na iya hana su ci gaba da waɗannan ayyukan. A cikin binciken IOM na 2025, ana nazarin hanyoyin da IDPs ke amfani da su wajen jure matsalolin tattalin arziki da kuma damar samun mafita mai ɗorewa.<ref name="IOMEconomic"/> == Dawowa gida == Wasu IDPs suna komawa wuraren da suka fito bayan yanayin tsaro ya inganta. Duk da haka, dawowa na iya zama da wahala idan gidaje, makarantu, cibiyoyin lafiya da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro sun lalace. Wasu mutanen da suka dawo suna iya sake fuskantar ƙaura idan rikici ko bala'i ya sake faruwa. == Nufin makomar IDPs == Wani binciken IOM na Yunin 2025 ya binciki ra'ayoyin IDPs da ke zaune a sansanoni da wuraren da suke kama da sansani. A cikin gidajen da aka bincika, kashi '''45%''' sun fi son haɗewa cikin al'ummar da suke ciki, kashi '''15%''' sun fi son komawa wuraren da suka fito, yayin da kashi '''4%''' suka bayyana cewa suna son ƙaura zuwa wani wuri a cikin Najeriya. Kashi '''36%''' ba su yanke shawara ba.<ref name="IOMIntention">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — Adamawa State IDP Intention Survey |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-adamawa-state-idp-intention-survey-june-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=June 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Wannan sakamakon ya nuna cewa ba duk IDPs ke son komawa wuraren da suka fito ba; wasu sun fi son haɗewa cikin al'ummomin da suke zaune a yanzu. == Taimakon jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya da gwamnatin Jihar Adamawa suna aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai domin taimaka wa mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kamar [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNHCR]], [[UNICEF]] da [[World Food Programme|WFP]] suna cikin ayyukan taimako a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Ayyukan taimako sun haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * kiwon lafiya; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin kuɗi; * sake samun hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Ambaliyar 2024 == Ambaliyar 2024 ta ƙara yawan bukatun jin ƙai a Adamawa. A tsakanin 28 ga Oktoba da 8 ga Nuwamba 2024, IOM tare da [[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]], Adamawa State Emergency Management Agency da [[Nigerian Red Cross Society]] ta tantance wurare 237 da ambaliyar ta shafa ko kuma suka karɓi IDPs. A ƙananan hukumomi 16 da aka tantance, mutane '''361,919''' a cikin gidaje '''66,360''' sun fuskanci tasirin ambaliyar. Daga cikin waɗannan, '''68,576''' mutane ne da ambaliyar ta raba da muhallansu.<ref name="IOMFloodOct"/> Wannan adadi yana nufin mutanen da ambaliyar 2024 ta shafa a wannan binciken, ba jimillar IDPs na jihar ba. == Ƙalubalen ayyukan agaji == Rashin tsaro, nisan wurare, ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji da yawaitar buƙatu suna iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan jin ƙai. Haɗuwar rikicin makamai da bala'o'in yanayi na iya sa iyalai su fuskanci ƙaura fiye da sau ɗaya. Saboda haka, taimakon gaggawa kaɗai bai isa ba; ana kuma buƙatar mafita mai ɗorewa kamar gidaje, ilimi, kiwon lafiya da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. == Manufofin gwamnati da mafita mai ɗorewa == Gwamnatin Adamawa da gwamnatin tarayya suna aiki tare da abokan hulɗar jin ƙai wajen taimaka wa IDPs da masu dawowa. Mafita mai ɗorewa ta haɗa da komawa gida cikin aminci, haɗewa cikin al'ummar da suke ciki ko sake matsuguni a wani wuri, gwargwadon zaɓin mutum da yanayin tsaro. Binciken IOM na 2025 ya nuna cewa IDPs suna da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban game da komawa, haɗewa ko sake matsuguni.<ref name="IOMIntention"/> == Halin da ake ciki == Har zuwa shekarar 2026, Adamawa na ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jihohin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya da ke fuskantar tasirin ƙaura. A zagaye na 51 na IOM, wanda aka gudanar a 2025, an gano jimillar '''2,333,190''' IDPs a jihohin arewa maso gabas guda shida.<ref name="IOMRound51"/> Saboda wannan adadi ya haɗa Adamawa, Borno, Yobe, Bauchi, Gombe da Taraba, ba za a yi amfani da shi a matsayin adadin IDPs na Adamawa kaɗai ba. Bugu da ƙari, ambaliyar ruwa da sauran bala'o'in yanayi suna iya haifar da sababbin ƙaura a jihar.<ref name="IOMFlood"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Yola]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Yobe]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Ɗan gudun hijira]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] * [[UNHCR]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-adamawa-state-idp-socio-economic-assessment-adamawa-state-june-2025 IOM — Adamawa IDP Socio-Economic Assessment] * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-adamawa-state-idp-intention-survey-june-2025 IOM — Adamawa IDP Intention Survey] * [https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-joint-post-flood-situation-report-adamawa-state-10-december-2024 IOM — Adamawa Post-Flood Situation Report] * [https://dtm.iom.int/product-series/displacement-report-15 IOM — North-East Displacement Report] [[Category:Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Ƙaura]] ko778tk6pap4fe0bxfco2z0vhmsbxun 0 165002 905311 2026-08-20T22:02:01Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox humanitarian crisis | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Maiduguri | image = | caption = | location = [[Maiduguri]], [[Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] | period = 2009–yanzu | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], ƙaura, rashin abinci, rashin tsaro da ambaliyar ruwa | affected = Mazauna Maiduguri da mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu | displacement = | fatalities = }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Maiduguri''' rikici ne na jin ƙai da ya shafi birnin [[Maiduguri]], babban birnin Jihar Bo... 905311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox humanitarian crisis | name = Rikicin jin ƙai na Maiduguri | image = | caption = | location = [[Maiduguri]], [[Jihar Borno]], [[Najeriya]] | period = 2009–yanzu | causes = [[Tawayen Boko Haram]], ƙaura, rashin abinci, rashin tsaro da ambaliyar ruwa | affected = Mazauna Maiduguri da mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu | displacement = | fatalities = }} '''Rikicin jin ƙai na Maiduguri''' rikici ne na jin ƙai da ya shafi birnin [[Maiduguri]], babban birnin [[Jihar Borno]] a [[Najeriya]]. Rikicin yana da alaƙa da [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikicen makamai a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, waɗanda suka haifar da yawan mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu, rashin abinci da matsalolin samun ayyukan yau da kullum.<ref name="OCHANigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.unocha.org/nigeria |publisher=[[Ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai Kula da Harkokin Jin Ƙai|OCHA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Maiduguri ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren da mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu suka nemi mafaka. Baya ga rikicin makamai, birnin ya fuskanci matsalolin [[ambaliyar ruwa]], ƙarancin abinci da matsin lamba kan ayyukan kiwon lafiya, ruwa da tsafta.<ref name="UNHCRFlood">{{cite web |title=Nigeria's Boko Haram displaced struggle with hunger following devastating floods |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=28 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Maiduguri ta kasance muhimmiyar cibiyar tattalin arziki da gudanarwa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya kafin tsanantar rikicin Boko Haram. Tun daga shekarar 2009, tashin hankalin Boko Haram ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa a [[Jihar Borno]] da sauran jihohin yankin. Mutane daga ƙauyuka da garuruwan da rikici ya shafa sun ƙaura zuwa Maiduguri domin neman tsaro. Wannan ya ƙara yawan buƙatun abinci, matsuguni, ruwa, tsafta, kiwon lafiya da ilimi a birnin.<ref name="IOMNigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Crisis Response Plan 2026–2028 |url=https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/nigeria-crisis-response-plan-2026-2028 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=9 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Rikicin Boko Haram == [[Boko Haram]] ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka haifar da rikicin jin ƙai a Maiduguri. Hare-hare, sace-sace, kashe-kashe da tsoron rashin tsaro sun tilasta wa mutane barin gidajensu. Maiduguri ta kasance cibiyar rikicin Boko Haram tun farkon tawayen, kuma birnin ya karɓi ɗimbin mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu daga wasu sassan Borno. Rikicin ya kuma shafi tattalin arziki, noma da zirga-zirga a yankin. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura tana daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka bayyana rikicin jin ƙai na Maiduguri. Wasu daga cikin mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna zama a sansanonin IDPs, yayin da wasu suke zama tare da iyalai ko al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Maiduguri ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin karɓar mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu saboda rikicin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name="IOMNigeria"/> == Ambaliyar 2024 == A watan Satumba 2024, [[Madatsar ruwan Alau]] ta cika tare da rushewa bayan ruwan sama mai yawa, lamarin da ya haifar da babbar ambaliya a Maiduguri. Ambaliyar ta mamaye sassan birnin tare da lalata gidaje, kasuwanni, hanyoyin zirga-zirga da sauran kayayyakin more rayuwa. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa sama da '''400,000''' mutane sun rasa matsugunansu sakamakon ambaliyar a Maiduguri da kewaye.<ref name="UNHCR2024">{{cite web |title=UNHCR scrambles aid as devastating floods sweep Nigeria |url=https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/unhcr-scrambles-aid-devastating-floods-sweep-nigeria |publisher=[[UNHCR]] |date=17 September 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ambaliyar ta fi tsananta halin da mutanen da suka riga suka rasa matsugunansu saboda rikicin Boko Haram suke ciki. == Rashin abinci == Rashin abinci na daga cikin manyan matsalolin jin ƙai a Maiduguri. Mutanen da suka rasa matsugunansu na iya rasa gonaki, dabbobi da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Ambaliyar 2024 ta lalata amfanin gona tare da ƙara matsin lamba kan farashin abinci. UNHCR ta ruwaito cewa sama da '''18,000''' yara a Maiduguri an yi musu maganin tamowa mai tsanani bayan ambaliyar, bisa bayanan da aka danganta ga OCHA.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Tamowa == Yara ƙanana suna daga cikin mutanen da suka fi fuskantar haɗarin [[tamowa]]. Haɗuwar rashin abinci, cututtuka, ƙaura da ƙarancin samun kiwon lafiya na iya ƙara tsananta matsalar. Bayan ambaliyar 2024, hukumomin jin ƙai sun ƙara mayar da hankali kan gano yara masu fama da tamowa da ba su magani.<ref name="UNHCRFlood"/> == Kiwon lafiya == Rikicin ya ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin kiwon lafiya na Maiduguri. Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu suna buƙatar maganin cututtuka, allurar rigakafi, kula da mata masu juna biyu da kuma maganin tamowa. Ambaliyar ruwa ta kuma kawo cikas ga samun wasu cibiyoyin lafiya. == Ruwa da tsafta == Samun [[ruwa mai tsafta]] da tsaftar muhalli na daga cikin muhimman buƙatun mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ambaliyar ruwa na iya gurɓata hanyoyin samun ruwa da lalata bandakuna. Ƙungiyoyin agaji suna samar da ruwa, kayan tsafta da sauran kayayyakin jin ƙai ga iyalan da abin ya shafa. == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da rikicin ya fi shafa. Yara na iya rasa damar zuwa makaranta saboda ƙaura ko rashin tsaro. Mata da 'yan mata kuma na iya fuskantar haɗarin [[tashin hankali na jinsi]] da sauran matsalolin kariya. Shirye-shiryen jin ƙai sun haɗa da kariyar yara, tallafin mata da taimakon iyalai masu rauni. == Ilimi == Ƙaura da rashin tsaro na iya katse karatun yara. Wasu yara suna rasa makaranta saboda ƙaura, rashin kayan makaranta ko lalacewar gine-gine. Ƙungiyoyin agaji da hukumomin gwamnati suna tallafa wa shirye-shiryen ilimin gaggawa domin yara su ci gaba da karatu. == Matsuguni == Matsuguni na daga cikin manyan buƙatun mutanen da rikicin ya raba da muhallansu. Wasu mutane suna zama a sansanonin IDPs, yayin da wasu suke zama a cikin al'ummomin masauki. Ambaliyar 2024 ta lalata wasu matsugunan wucin gadi, lamarin da ya tilasta wa wasu iyalai sake neman mafaka.<ref name="UNHCR2024"/> == Hare-haren 2026 == A ranar '''16 Maris 2026''', an samu fashe-fashe da dama a Maiduguri, ciki har da kusa da [[Kasuwar Monday]], [[Ofishin gidan waya]] da ƙofar [[University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital]]. ’Yan sandan jihar Borno sun bayyana cewa hare-haren sun kashe aƙalla '''23''' mutane tare da jikkata '''108'''.<ref name="AP2026">{{cite news |title=23 killed, 108 wounded in suspected suicide bombings in northeast Nigeria |url=https://apnews.com/article/3eaeb7f126866ab3c8b1d927a8bc7168 |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |date=17 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Bayan haka, wasu rahotanni sun bayyana ƙarin adadin waɗanda suka mutu da suka jikkata, amma alkaluman farko na 'yan sanda su ne aka fi amfani da su wajen rahoton farko na lamarin. Babu wata ƙungiya da ta ɗauki alhakin kai harin a lokacin rahotannin farko. Hukumomin Najeriya sun danganta zargin ga ƙungiyoyin masu tayar da kayar baya, amma wannan zargin bai kasance ikirarin alhakin kai tsaye daga wata ƙungiya ba.<ref name="Reuters2026">{{cite news |title=Multiple blasts hit northeast Nigeria's Maiduguri city, state governor and residents say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/multiple-blasts-heard-northeast-nigerias-maiduguri-city-security-sources-2026-03-16/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=16 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Human Rights Watch ta ce hare-haren sun kashe aƙalla '''23''' mutane tare da jikkata sama da '''100''' kuma sun nuna sabon haɗarin da fararen hula ke fuskanta a birnin.<ref name="HRW2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria: Maiduguri Bombings Show New Threat to Civilians |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/26/nigeria-maiduguri-bombings-show-new-threat-to-civilians |publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]] |date=26 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin rikicin == Rikicin ya shafi fannoni da dama na rayuwar jama'a. Ya haɗa da: * ƙaura; * rashin abinci; * tamowa; * ƙarancin matsuguni; * matsalolin ruwa da tsafta; * matsalolin kiwon lafiya; * katsewar ilimi; * rashin aikin yi; * matsalolin tsaro. Haɗuwar rikicin makamai da bala'o'in yanayi na iya sa iyalai su fuskanci ƙaura fiye da sau ɗaya. == Ayyukan jin ƙai == Gwamnatin Najeriya da gwamnatin Jihar Borno suna aiki tare da hukumomin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ƙungiyoyin agaji wajen taimaka wa mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin ayyukan sun haɗa da [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]], [[UNHCR]], [[UNICEF]] da [[World Food Programme|WFP]]. Ayyukan agaji sun haɗa da: * rabon abinci; * tallafin kuɗi; * ruwa da tsafta; * matsuguni; * kiwon lafiya; * maganin tamowa; * ilimi; * kariyar yara; * kariyar mata; * tallafin rayuwa. IOM ta ci gaba da haɗa ayyukan jin ƙai da shirye-shiryen murmurewa da mafita mai ɗorewa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name="IOMNigeria"/> == Ƙalubalen ayyukan agaji == Rashin tsaro, yawan buƙatun jin ƙai, ƙarancin kuɗaɗen agaji da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa suna iya kawo cikas ga ayyukan taimako. Ambaliyar ruwa ta ƙara matsin lamba kan ayyukan da tuni suke fama da matsalar rikicin makamai. OCHA ta bayyana cewa Najeriya na fuskantar haɗuwar rikicin makamai na dogon lokaci, ambaliyar ruwa, barkewar cututtuka, ƙarancin samun ayyukan yau da kullum da talauci.<ref name="OCHANigeria"/> == Mafita mai ɗorewa == Mafita mai ɗorewa ga mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu ta haɗa da: * komawa gida cikin aminci; * haɗewa cikin al'ummar da suke zaune a ciki; * sake matsuguni a wani wuri; * samun gidaje masu aminci; * samun ilimi da kiwon lafiya; * sake samun hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Shirye-shiryen jin ƙai a Borno suna ƙara mayar da hankali kan haɗa taimakon gaggawa da murmurewar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.<ref name="IOMNigeria"/> == Halin da ake ciki == Maiduguri na ci gaba da fuskantar matsalolin jin ƙai da suka samo asali daga rikicin makamai, ƙaura, rashin abinci da bala'o'in yanayi. Ambaliyar 2024 ta ƙara tsananta buƙatun jin ƙai, yayin da hare-haren Maris 2026 suka nuna cewa barazanar tsaro na iya sake bayyana a cikin birnin.<ref name="HRW2026"/> Saboda haka, rikicin Maiduguri yana da alaƙa da matsaloli da dama maimakon wani abu guda, kuma yanayin yana iya sauyawa bisa ga tsaro, ƙaura, yanayi da samun taimakon jin ƙai. == Duba kuma == * [[Maiduguri]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Jihar Borno]] * [[Rikicin Tafkin Chadi]] * [[Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[UNHCR]] * [[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unocha.org/nigeria OCHA — Nigeria] * [https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/nigeria-crisis-response-plan-2026-2028 IOM — Nigeria Crisis Response Plan 2026–2028] * [https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/nigeria-s-boko-haram-displaced-struggle-hunger-following-devastating-floods UNHCR — Maiduguri and the 2024 floods] * [https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/03/26/nigeria-maiduguri-bombings-show-new-threat-to-civilians Human Rights Watch — Maiduguri bombings] [[Category:Maiduguri]] [[Category:Jihar Borno]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai]] [[Category:Jin ƙai]] [[Category:Tawayen Boko Haram]] [[Category:Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] [[Category:Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya]] koqmrd92ocj0tkcjwvsgap518w17ker 0 165003 905313 2026-08-20T22:05:19Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox natural disaster | name = Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya | image = | caption = | location = [[Najeriya]] | type = [[Ambaliyar ruwa]] | causes = Ruwan sama mai yawa, ambaliyar koguna, rashin isasshen magudanar ruwa, ambaliyar madatsun ruwa da sauyin yanayi | frequency = Lokaci-lokaci, musamman lokacin damina | areas_affected = Yankuna daban-daban na Najeriya | fatalities = | damages = | displaced = }} '''Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya''' na nufin ambaliyar ruwa da ke faruwa a s... 905313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox natural disaster | name = Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya | image = | caption = | location = [[Najeriya]] | type = [[Ambaliyar ruwa]] | causes = Ruwan sama mai yawa, ambaliyar koguna, rashin isasshen magudanar ruwa, ambaliyar madatsun ruwa da sauyin yanayi | frequency = Lokaci-lokaci, musamman lokacin damina | areas_affected = Yankuna daban-daban na Najeriya | fatalities = | damages = | displaced = }} '''Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya''' na nufin ambaliyar ruwa da ke faruwa a sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]], musamman lokacin damina. Ambaliya tana daga cikin bala'o'in da suka fi yawaita a ƙasar, kuma tana iya haifar da asarar rayuka, lalacewar gidaje da ababen more rayuwa, asarar amfanin gona da kuma raba mutane da muhallansu.<ref name="NEMA">{{cite web |title=Flood |url=https://nema.gov.ng/flood/ |publisher=[[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya na faruwa ne sakamakon haɗuwar abubuwan halitta da na ɗan Adam. Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa ta akwai ruwan sama mai yawa, ambaliyar koguna, yanayin ƙasa, rashin isassun magudanan ruwa, toshewar magudanan ruwa da gine-gine a wuraren da ruwa ke taruwa.<ref name="FloodReview">{{cite journal |last1 = |first1 = |title=Flooding in Nigeria: a review of its occurrence and impacts and approaches to modelling flood data |journal=International Journal of Environmental Studies |year=2022 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00207233.2022.2081471 }}</ref> Najeriya tana da manyan koguna kamar [[Kogin Neja]] da [[Kogin Benue]], tare da wasu koguna da tsarin magudanar ruwa a yankuna daban-daban. Wannan yanayin ƙasa yana sa wasu yankuna su kasance cikin haɗarin ambaliyar kogi da kuma ambaliyar ruwan sama.<ref name="WorldBankClimate">{{cite web |title=Climate Risk Country Profile: Nigeria |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/country-profiles/15918-WB_Nigeria%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dalilan ambaliya == === Ruwan sama mai yawa === Ruwan sama mai yawa a cikin ɗan lokaci na iya cika koguna, magudanan ruwa da wuraren da ruwa ke taruwa. A wasu yankuna, ruwan sama mai ƙarfi yana haifar da ambaliyar gaggawa wadda za ta iya faruwa cikin ɗan lokaci.<ref name="NEMA"/> === Ambaliyar koguna === Kogunan Neja da Benue da sauran koguna suna iya cika idan ruwan sama ya yi yawa a yankunansu. Ambaliyar koguna tana iya shafar al'ummomin da ke kusa da koguna da filayen da ke ƙasa. Arewacin Najeriya ma yana fuskantar ambaliyar kogi, ciki har da tsarin kogin Komadugu da wasu koguna na arewa maso yamma.<ref name="WorldBankClimate"/> === Madatsun ruwa === A wasu lokuta, yawan ruwa a madatsun ruwa ko matsalolin da suka shafi madatsun ruwa na iya ƙara haɗarin ambaliya. Ambaliyar Maiduguri ta shekarar 2024 ta kasance misali inda yawan ruwa ya shafi [[Madatsar ruwan Alau]] kuma ya haifar da ambaliya mai yawa a Maiduguri da Jere.<ref name="NEMABorno">{{cite web |title=Flood Dashboard 2024 |url=https://nema.gov.ng/flood-alert-2024/ |publisher=[[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Rashin isassun magudanan ruwa === A birane, rashin isassun magudanan ruwa na iya hana ruwa gudana yadda ya kamata. Toshewar magudanan ruwa da sharar gida na iya ƙara tsananta ambaliyar birane.<ref name="FloodReview"/> === Gine-gine a wuraren da ambaliya ke iya faruwa === Gina gidaje da sauran gine-gine a wuraren da ke cikin haɗarin ambaliya na iya ƙara yawan asarar dukiya idan ruwa ya tashi. Canjin amfani da ƙasa da saurin bunƙasar birane ba tare da inganta kayayyakin magudanar ruwa ba na iya ƙara haɗarin ambaliyar birane.<ref name="FloodReview"/> === Sauyin yanayi === [[Sauyin yanayi]] na iya shafar tsarin ruwan sama da kuma tsananin wasu abubuwan da ke haddasa ambaliya. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana Najeriya a matsayin ƙasar da ke fuskantar haɗarin ambaliyar ruwa da sauran barazanar da ke da alaƙa da yanayi.<ref name="WorldBankClimate"/> Binciken kimiyya kan ambaliyar Najeriya ma ya danganta haɗarin ambaliya da matsanancin yanayi, sauyin yanayi, tsarin madatsun ruwa da yanayin ƙasa.<ref name="FloodReview"/> == Yankunan da ambaliya ta fi shafa == Ambaliya na iya faruwa a kusan kowane yanki na Najeriya, amma haɗarin ya bambanta bisa yanayin ƙasa, ruwan sama, koguna da tsarin birane. Yankunan da ke kusa da manyan koguna da wuraren da ke ƙasa suna fuskantar haɗarin ambaliyar kogi. Birane masu yawan jama'a kuma suna fuskantar ambaliyar ruwan sama saboda matsin lamba kan tsarin magudanar ruwa. NEMA tana wallafa taswirorin haɗarin ambaliya da bayanan yanayin ambaliya domin taimaka wa hukumomi da jama'a wajen shirya martani.<ref name="NEMA2024">{{cite web |title=Flood Dashboard 2024 |url=https://nema.gov.ng/flood-alert-2024/ |publisher=[[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manyan ambaliyar ruwa == === Ambaliyar 2012 === Ambaliyar shekarar 2012 tana daga cikin ambaliyar da suka fi muni a tarihin Najeriya na zamani. Ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliyar koguna sun shafi sassa da dama na ƙasar. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana ambaliyar 2012 a matsayin wani bala'i mai girma da ya haifar da asarar rayuka da dukiya mai yawa, tare da buƙatar sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 7 domin murmurewa da sake ginawa bisa sakamakon binciken bukatun bayan bala'i.<ref name="WorldBank2012">{{cite web |title=Assessing Post-Disaster Needs in Nigeria |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2014/07/22/assessing-post-disaster-needs-nigeria |publisher=[[World Bank]] |date=22 July 2014 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Ambaliyar 2022 === Ambaliyar shekarar 2022 ta shafi sassa da dama na Najeriya. An ruwaito cewa fiye da mutane miliyan ɗaya sun rasa matsugunansu, yayin da daruruwan mutane suka mutu kuma dubban gidaje da filayen noma suka lalace. Hukumar [[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] ta gudanar da binciken tasirin ambaliyar 2022 tare da [[National Bureau of Statistics|NBS]] da NEMA, inda ta tantance tasirin ambaliyar da hanyoyin murmurewa da rage haɗarin bala'i.<ref name="UNDP2022">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Flood Impact, Recovery and Mitigation Assessment Report 2022-2023 |url=https://www.undp.org/nigeria/publications/nigeria-flood-impact-recovery-and-mitigation-assessment-report-2022-2023 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme|UNDP]] |date=7 December 2023 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Ambaliyar 2023 === A shekarar 2023, an sake samun ambaliyar ruwa a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya. NEMA ta tattara bayanai kan wuraren da ambaliya ta shafa tare da haɗa kai da hukumomin jihohi domin aikin ceto da tantance asarar da aka samu.<ref name="NEMAResponse">{{cite web |title=Flood Incidents: NEMA Activates Operational Offices Nationwide to Support States, Conduct Assessments |url=https://www.nema.gov.ng/flood-incidents-nema-activates-operational-offices-nationwide-to-support-states-conduct-assessments/ |publisher=[[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]] |date=7 July 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Ambaliyar 2024 === A shekarar 2024, ambaliyar ruwa ta sake shafar jihohi da dama. NEMA ta kafa cibiyar tattara bayanai da rahotannin ambaliya domin bin diddigin bala'in a matakin ƙasa da jihohi.<ref name="NEMA2024"/> A Borno, musamman [[Maiduguri]], ambaliyar ta kasance mai tsanani bayan matsalolin da suka shafi [[Madatsar ruwan Alau]]. Bayanan NEMA sun nuna cewa a Borno mutane '''414,176''' sun fuskanci tasirin ambaliyar, yayin da '''389,267''' aka raba da muhallansu a ƙananan hukumomi tara da aka tantance. An kuma bayar da rahoton mutuwar mutane '''37''' da lalacewar gidaje '''7,155'''.<ref name="NEMABorno"/> Adadin ya shafi bayanan Borno ne, ba jimillar Najeriya ba. === Ambaliyar 2025 === Ambaliyar ta ci gaba da zama barazana a shekarar 2025. NEMA ta yi gargadin cewa ambaliyar na ci gaba da zama matsala mai maimaituwa a lokacin damina, kuma ta jaddada muhimmancin gargadin da wuri, shirye-shiryen al'umma da haɗin gwiwar hukumomi.<ref name="NEMA2025">{{cite web |title=NEMA and 2025 Flood Alerts: Towards Disaster Preparedness |url=https://nema.gov.ng/nema-and-2025-flood-alerts-towards-disaster-preparedness/ |publisher=[[National Emergency Management Agency|NEMA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A shekarar 2025, ambaliyar Mokwa a [[Jihar Neja]] ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin munanan bala'o'in ambaliya da suka faru a Najeriya. == Tasirin ambaliya == Ambaliyar ruwa na iya haifar da asarar rayuka da dukiya. Daga cikin manyan tasirinta akwai: * mutuwa da raunuka; * raba mutane da muhallansu; * lalacewar gidaje; * lalacewar hanyoyi da gadoji; * lalacewar makarantu; * lalacewar asibitoci; * lalacewar gonaki; * rasa dabbobi; * gurɓacewar ruwa; * katsewar kasuwanci; * ƙaruwar haɗarin cututtuka. NEMA ta bayyana cewa ambaliya na iya haifar da asarar rayuka, lalacewar amfanin gona, lalacewar gine-gine, asarar dabbobi da sauran kadarori.<ref name="NEMA"/> == Ambaliya da noma == Noma na daga cikin fannonin da ambaliya ke iya shafa sosai. Ruwa mai yawa na iya lalata amfanin gona, gonaki da kayan aikin noma. A lokaci guda, ambaliyar na iya barin laka mai amfani ga wasu wuraren noma, amma yawan ruwa da zaizayar ƙasa na iya jawo asarar amfanin gona. Ambaliyar 2024 a Borno, alal misali, ta lalata ɗaruruwan kadada na gonaki.<ref name="NEMABorno"/> == Lafiya == Ambaliyar ruwa na iya haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Ruwan ambaliya na iya gurɓata rijiyoyi da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwan sha. Wannan na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtuka da ake yaɗawa ta ruwa. Ambaliyar kuma na iya katse ayyukan asibitoci da cibiyoyin lafiya. == Raba mutane da muhallansu == Mutanen da ambaliya ta raba da muhallansu na iya buƙatar matsuguni na wucin gadi, abinci, ruwa, magunguna da kariya. Wasu mutane suna zama tare da 'yan uwa ko al'ummomin da suka karɓe su, yayin da wasu suke zuwa wuraren da hukumomi suka ware. A Borno a shekarar 2024, NEMA ta buɗe cibiyoyin taimako tare da hukumomin jihar domin tallafa wa mutanen da ambaliyar ta shafa.<ref name="NEMABorno"/> == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Ambaliya na iya katse harkokin kasuwanci da sufuri. Lalacewar hanyoyi da gadoji na iya hana kaya da mutane motsawa tsakanin yankuna. Lalacewar gonaki da kasuwanni na iya rage kuɗin shiga ga iyalai. Binciken UNDP kan ambaliyar 2022–2023 ya yi nazari kan asarar tattalin arziki da hanyoyin murmurewa da rage haɗarin ambaliya.<ref name="UNDP2022"/> == Martanin gwamnati == [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya]] tana amfani da NEMA wajen daidaita ayyukan agajin bala'i a ƙasa. NEMA tana aiki tare da [[State Emergency Management Agency|hukumomin kula da gaggawa na jihohi]] wajen: * ceto mutane; * tantance asarar da aka samu; * samar da abinci; * samar da ruwa; * samar da matsuguni; * bayar da kayan agaji; * tallafa wa murmurewa. A lokacin ambaliyar 2024, NEMA ta kunna ofisoshinta na shiyya da na ayyuka a ƙasar domin taimakawa jihohi wajen ceto da tantance tasirin ambaliya.<ref name="NEMAResponse"/> == Hasashen ambaliya da gargadi == Hukumomin Najeriya suna amfani da hasashen yanayi da na ruwa domin gargadi kan yiwuwar ambaliya. [[NiMet]] da [[Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency|NIHSA]] suna bayar da bayanai da hasashen yanayi da ruwa, yayin da NEMA ke amfani da su wajen shirye-shiryen rage haɗarin bala'i. NEMA ta jaddada cewa gargadi da wuri yana buƙatar haɗuwa da matakan gaggawa da shirye-shiryen al'umma.<ref name="NEMA2025"/> == Rigakafi da rage haɗarin ambaliya == Matakan rage haɗarin ambaliya sun haɗa da: * inganta magudanan ruwa; * tsaftace magudanan ruwa; * kauce wa gine-gine a wuraren da ambaliya ke iya faruwa; * kare filayen da ke kusa da koguna; * kula da madatsun ruwa; * inganta tsarin gargadi da wuri; * tsara birane yadda ya kamata; * dasa bishiyoyi da kare muhalli; * ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen ceto. NEMA ta bayyana cewa toshe magudanan ruwa da gine-gine a wuraren da ruwa ke gudana na iya ƙara matsalar ambaliya.<ref name="NEMA"/> == Sauyin yanayi == Sauyin yanayi yana daga cikin abubuwan da masana ke nazari dangane da ƙaruwar haɗarin matsanancin ruwan sama da ambaliya. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa Najeriya tana fuskantar haɗarin ambaliya daga koguna, ruwan sama da sauran barazanar yanayi, ciki har da ambaliyar kogunan Neja da Benue.<ref name="WorldBankClimate"/> Duk da haka, ambaliyar Najeriya ba ta da dalili guda ɗaya. Ruwan sama, yanayin ƙasa, amfani da ƙasa, tsarin magudanar ruwa, madatsun ruwa da tsare-tsaren birane duk suna iya taka rawa.<ref name="FloodReview"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Ambaliyar 2022 a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar 2024 a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar 2025 a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar Jihar Borno]] * [[Ambaliyar Maiduguri]] * [[Kogin Neja]] * [[Kogin Benue]] * [[Madatsar ruwan Alau]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Bala'o'in ƙasa a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://nema.gov.ng/flood-alert-2024/ NEMA — Flood Dashboard] * [https://nema.gov.ng/flood/ NEMA — Flood] * [https://www.undp.org/nigeria/publications/nigeria-flood-impact-recovery-and-mitigation-assessment-report-2022-2023 UNDP — Nigeria Flood Impact, Recovery and Mitigation Assessment] * [https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/country-profiles/15918-WB_Nigeria%20Country%20Profile-WEB.pdf World Bank — Climate Risk Country Profile: Nigeria] [[Category:Ambaliyar ruwa]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Bala'o'in ƙasa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Yanayi]] [[Category:Sauyin yanayi]] [[Category:Ruwa a Najeriya]] rhnacocmhynuvyalmjmbnlnrb3mkmg0 0 165004 905315 2026-08-20T22:12:53Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox humanitarian crisis | name = Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya | image = | caption = | location = [[Najeriya]] | period = 2000s–yanzu | type = [[Rashin wadatar abinci]], [[yunwa]] da [[tamowa]] | causes = Talauci, hauhawar farashin abinci, rikice-rikicen makamai, ƙaura, sauyin yanayi, ambaliyar ruwa da matsalolin noma | affected = Miliyoyin mutane a faɗin Najeriya | displacement = | fatalities = }} '''Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya''' na nufin halin da mutane ko... 905315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox humanitarian crisis | name = Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya | image = | caption = | location = [[Najeriya]] | period = 2000s–yanzu | type = [[Rashin wadatar abinci]], [[yunwa]] da [[tamowa]] | causes = Talauci, hauhawar farashin abinci, rikice-rikicen makamai, ƙaura, sauyin yanayi, ambaliyar ruwa da matsalolin noma | affected = Miliyoyin mutane a faɗin Najeriya | displacement = | fatalities = }} '''Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya''' na nufin halin da mutane ko gidaje ke fuskantar matsalar samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da ya dace da bukatunsu. Matsalar ta shafi sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]], kuma tsananinta yana bambanta tsakanin yankuna da lokuta. Rashin wadatar abinci na iya kasancewa na dogon lokaci ko kuma na gaggawa. A cikin tsarin [[Cadre Harmonisé]], ana rarrabe ''acute food insecurity'' zuwa matakai, inda Mataki na 3 (Crisis) ko sama da haka ke nuna babban matsalar samun abinci.<ref name="FAO2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Faces Escalating Hunger Crisis: 34.7 million at Risk Without Urgent Action |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail/nigeria-faces-escalating-hunger-crisis--34.7-million-at-risk-without-urgent-action/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=3 November 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A cikin watan Nuwamba 2025, sakamakon Cadre Harmonisé ya nuna cewa kimanin mutane '''27.2 miliyan''' a Najeriya suna fuskantar matsalar yunwa, kuma ana hasashen adadin zai iya kaiwa '''34.7 miliyan''' a lokacin ƙarancin abinci na Yuni zuwa Agusta 2026 idan ba a ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba.<ref name="FAO2025"/> == Ma'ana == [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] tana ɗaukar ''food security'' a matsayin yanayin da mutane ke samun isasshen abinci mai aminci da gina jiki a kowane lokaci domin biyan bukatunsu na abinci da zaɓin abinci domin rayuwa mai aiki da lafiya. Rashin wadatar abinci na faruwa idan mutum ko gida ba shi da isasshen damar samun abinci saboda rashin kuɗi, rashin abinci, rikici, bala'o'i ko wasu dalilai. A Najeriya, hukumomin gwamnati da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa suna amfani da [[Cadre Harmonisé]] wajen tantance matsalar rashin wadatar abinci da kuma hasashen yanayin da zai iya faruwa a gaba.<ref name="FAO2024">{{cite web |title=33.1 million Nigerians projected to be food insecure in 2025 |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail/33.1-million-nigerians-projected-to-be-food-insecure-in-2025/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Najeriya tana da manyan yankunan noma da albarkatun ƙasa, amma rashin wadatar abinci ya kasance matsala a wasu al'ummomi saboda talauci, rashin aikin yi, rikice-rikice, matsalolin noma da rashin daidaiton samun abinci. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, matsalar ta ƙaru saboda haɗuwar matsalolin tattalin arziki, [[hauhawar farashin kaya]], rikicin makamai da matsanancin yanayi.<ref name="WorldBank">{{cite web |title=Food Security Update 110 |url=https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/3da165e0bcb0ed7dddba9939afb21fda-0590012023/related/Food-Security-Update-110-November-15-2024.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |date=15 November 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba 2024, FAO ta yi hasashen cewa mutane '''33.1 miliyan''' za su iya fuskantar babban matsalar rashin wadatar abinci a lokacin ƙarancin abinci na Yuni zuwa Agusta 2025.<ref name="FAO2024"/> Daga baya, binciken Maris 2025 ya rage hasashen zuwa '''30.6 miliyan''' a lokacin Yuni zuwa Agusta 2025.<ref name="FAO2025March">{{cite web |title=Latest food insecurity figures reveal persistent threats to the lives of 30.6 million people |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail/latest-food-insecurity-figures-reveal-persistent-threats-to-the-lives-of-30.6-million-people/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=7 March 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dalilai == Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya yana da dalilai da dama. === Talauci === [[Talauci]] yana daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke rage ikon iyalai na sayen isasshen abinci. Iyalan da ke da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga suna iya rage yawan abincin da suke saya ko kuma zaɓar abinci mai rahusa wanda ba ya samar da dukkan abubuwan gina jiki. === Hauhawar farashin abinci === [[Hauhawar farashin kaya]] ya ƙara tsadar abinci a Najeriya. FAO ta bayyana cewa hauhawar farashin abinci da matsin tattalin arziki na daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar rashin wadatar abinci a ƙasar.<ref name="FAO2024"/> A watan Fabrairu 2025, FAO ta ruwaito cewa hauhawar farashin abinci a Najeriya ta kasance mai yawa, duk da raguwar ta daga matakan da aka gani a shekarar 2024.<ref name="FAOGIEWS">{{cite web |title=FAO GIEWS Country Brief on Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=NGA |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=7 April 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Rikicin makamai === [[Rikicin makamai]] yana daga cikin manyan dalilan rashin wadatar abinci a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Rikicin [[Boko Haram]] da sauran ƙungiyoyin makamai ya tilasta wa manoma da yawa barin gonakinsu. Wannan yana rage samar da abinci tare da katse hanyoyin kasuwanci da samun kuɗin shiga.<ref name="FAO2024"/> A shekarar 2026, FAO ta ruwaito cewa matsalar abinci a [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] ta ƙara tsananta, musamman a [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]].<ref name="FAONortheast2026">{{cite web |title=Escalating Food Crisis Leaves 6.4m People Food Insecure in Northeast Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail/escalating-food-crisis-leaves-6.4m-people-food-insecure-in-northeast-nigeria/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=6 July 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> === Sauyin yanayi === [[Sauyin yanayi]] da matsanancin yanayi na iya shafar noma da samar da abinci. Fari, ruwan sama mai yawa da ambaliyar ruwa na iya lalata amfanin gona da rage yawan amfanin gonaki. FAO ta bayyana cewa bushewar lokaci, ambaliyar ruwa da wasu kwari sun shafi amfanin gona a Najeriya.<ref name="FAOGIEWS"/> === Ambaliyar ruwa === [[Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya|Ambaliyar ruwa]] na iya lalata gonaki, gidaje, hanyoyi da kasuwanni. Ambaliyar 2022 da 2024 sun shafi noma da hanyoyin samun abinci a yankuna daban-daban. A arewa maso gabas, ambaliyar Maiduguri ta 2024 ta kuma ƙara matsalolin jin ƙai da suka riga suka wanzu sakamakon rikici.<ref name="FAO2025March"/> === Matsalolin noma === Farashin takin zamani, iri, man fetur da kayan aikin noma na iya ƙara tsadar samar da abinci. FAO ta bayyana cewa tsadar kayan noma da wahalar samun rance suna iya takura wa ayyukan noma a Najeriya.<ref name="FAOGIEWS"/> === Ƙaura === Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu saboda rikici ko bala'o'i na iya rasa gonaki, dabbobi da sauran hanyoyin samun abin dogaro. Wannan na iya ƙara dogaro da tallafin abinci da sauran taimakon jin ƙai. == Yankunan da matsalar ta fi tsanani == Rashin wadatar abinci na faruwa a faɗin Najeriya, amma matsalar tana da tsanani musamman a wasu yankunan da ke fuskantar rikici, talauci da matsanancin yanayi. ### Arewa maso gabas [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] da [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]] suna daga cikin jihohin da rikicin makamai ya fi shafa. A watan Yuli 2026, FAO ta ruwaito cewa kimanin '''6.4 miliyan''' mutane a jihohin uku suna fuskantar matsalar rashin wadatar abinci, ciki har da sama da '''1.1 miliyan''' a Mataki na 4 na Cadre Harmonisé.<ref name="FAONortheast2026"/> A Borno, an kuma bayar da rahoton wasu al'ummomi da ke cikin Mataki na 5, wato ''Catastrophe''.<ref name="FAONortheast2026"/> ### Arewa maso yamma Jihohin arewa maso yamma suna fuskantar matsalolin rikice-rikicen al'umma, ƙaura, matsalar noma da hauhawar farashin abinci. Rikicin tsakanin manoma da makiyaya da kuma hare-hare a wasu yankuna na iya hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu. ### Arewa ta tsakiya A wasu sassan [[Arewa ta tsakiya]] ana fuskantar rikice-rikicen ƙasa, ambaliya da matsalolin noma. Waɗannan abubuwan na iya rage samar da abinci da samun kuɗin shiga. == Matsalar abinci a lokacin ƙarancin abinci == A Najeriya, lokacin ƙarancin abinci yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin girbin amfanin gona na baya da sabon girbi. A wannan lokacin, farashin abinci na iya ƙaruwa kuma iyalai masu ƙarancin kuɗi na iya samun matsala wajen sayen abinci. Binciken Cadre Harmonisé yana amfani da hasashen lokacin ƙarancin abinci domin taimaka wa gwamnati da hukumomin jin ƙai tsara ayyukan taimako.<ref name="FAO2024"/> == Ƙididdigar rashin wadatar abinci == Ana amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban wajen auna rashin wadatar abinci. A Najeriya, [[Cadre Harmonisé]] na ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsarin tantance matsalar rashin wadatar abinci. Tsarin yana rarrabe yanayin zuwa matakai daga ''Minimal'' zuwa ''Catastrophe''. Mataki na 3 ko sama da haka ana ɗaukarsa babban matakin ''acute food insecurity'' da ke buƙatar taimako ko wasu matakan gaggawa.<ref name="FAO2025March"/> Akwai bambanci tsakanin: * rashin wadatar abinci na dogon lokaci; * rashin wadatar abinci na gaggawa; * yunwa; * [[tamowa]]; * ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. Saboda haka, adadin mutanen da aka bayyana a matsayin ''food insecure'' ba lallai ya zama daidai da adadin mutanen da ke fama da yunwa ko tamowa ba. == Tamowa == Rashin wadatar abinci na iya taimakawa wajen haifar da [[tamowa]], musamman ga yara ƙanana da mata masu juna biyu ko masu shayarwa. Rahoton [[Integrated Food Security Phase Classification|IPC]] na 2025 ya kiyasta cewa kusan '''6.4 miliyan''' yara masu shekaru 0–59 watanni a arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma suna fama ko za su ci gaba da fama da matsalar tamowa a cikin lokacin da rahoton ya rufe, ciki har da kusan miliyan 2 masu matsananciyar tamowa.<ref name="IPC2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria (Northeast, Northwest and North Central): Acute Malnutrition Situation for October - December 2025 and Projections for January - April 2026 and May - September 2026 |url=https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159808/?iso3=NGA |publisher=[[Integrated Food Security Phase Classification|IPC]] |date=3 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen wannan matsala sun haɗa da rashin isasshen abinci, cututtuka, ƙarancin ayyukan kiwon lafiya da rashin tsaro.<ref name="IPC2025"/> == Yara == Yara suna daga cikin mutanen da rashin wadatar abinci ke iya shafa sosai. Rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin ƙuruciya na iya shafar girma da ci gaban kwakwalwa. UNICEF ta yi gargadin cewa yara suna cikin haɗarin fuskantar sakamako na zahiri da na kwakwalwa idan matsalar abinci da tamowa ta tsananta.<ref name="FAO2024"/> == Mata == Mata, musamman mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa, na iya fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin rashin abinci mai gina jiki. A wasu yankunan rikici, mata suna kuma fuskantar matsalolin samun gonaki, kasuwanni da ayyukan samun kuɗi. IPC ta kiyasta cewa daruruwan dubban mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa suna cikin haɗarin matsalar tamowa a yankunan arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma.<ref name="IPC2025"/> == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Rashin wadatar abinci yana da alaƙa da talauci da hauhawar farashin abinci. Iyalan da ke kashe babban ɓangare na kuɗin shigarsu wajen abinci suna iya rage kashe kuɗin da suke yi kan kiwon lafiya, ilimi da sauran bukatu idan farashin abinci ya ƙaru. Bankin Duniya ya nuna cewa hauhawar farashin abinci da talauci suna ci gaba da zama manyan ƙalubale ga iyalan Najeriya.<ref name="WorldBank2025">{{cite web |title=Positive Economic Momentum in Nigeria, Now Time to Bring Home the Gains |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2025/10/08/positive-economic-momentum-in-nigeria-now-time-to-bring-home-the-gains |publisher=[[World Bank]] |date=8 October 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tsaron abinci == Tsaron abinci yana buƙatar samun isasshen abinci, samar da abinci cikin ɗorewa da kuma ikon jama'a na samun abinci. A Najeriya, samar da abinci kaɗai bai isa ba idan mutane ba su da ikon sayen abincin ko kuma ba su da damar zuwa kasuwanni. Saboda haka, manufofin rage rashin wadatar abinci sun haɗa da ƙara samar da abinci, rage talauci, inganta hanyoyin sufuri da kasuwanni, da kuma tallafa wa iyalai masu rauni. == Martanin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya tana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen tallafawa noma, abinci da jin ƙai. Matakan sun haɗa da: * tallafawa manoma; * samar da iri da takin zamani; * tallafin kuɗi; * shirye-shiryen ciyar da yara; * tallafin abinci; * inganta ban ruwa; * tallafawa kiwon dabbobi; * shirye-shiryen rage talauci. Hukumomin tarayya suna aiki tare da gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa wajen amsa matsalar. == Ayyukan FAO da WFP == [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] da [[World Food Programme|WFP]] suna cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke tallafa wa Najeriya wajen rage matsalar rashin wadatar abinci. Ayyukan sun haɗa da tallafin noma, samar da abinci, tallafin kuɗi, inganta rayuwar manoma da taimakon mutanen da rikici ya shafa. A shekarar 2025, FAO ta ce tana tallafawa shirye-shiryen inganta tsarin abinci da samar da hanyoyin samun abin dogaro a jihohin [[Sokoto]], Borno, Adamawa da Yobe.<ref name="FAOIntervention">{{cite web |title=FAO Expands Food Security and Nutrition Interventions in Northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/nigeria/news/detail-events/fr/c/1736171/ |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dabarun rage matsalar == Matakan da ake ɗauka ko bayar da shawarar ɗauka sun haɗa da: * ƙara samar da abinci; * tallafawa ƙananan manoma; * inganta tsarin ban ruwa; * rage asarar amfanin gona bayan girbi; * inganta hanyoyin adana abinci; * rage hauhawar farashin abinci; * inganta hanyoyin kasuwanci; * samar da tallafin kuɗi ga iyalai masu rauni; * ƙarfafa tsaron al'umma; * rage tasirin ambaliyar da fari; * inganta kiwon lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki. FAO ta jaddada cewa ƙarfafa samar da abinci da hanyoyin samun kuɗi na cikin muhimman matakan hana matsalar tabarbarewa.<ref name="FAONortheast2026"/> == Hasashen nan gaba == A cewar sakamakon Cadre Harmonisé na Oktoba 2025, ana hasashen cewa kusan '''34.7 miliyan''' mutane a Najeriya za su fuskanci babban matakin rashin wadatar abinci tsakanin Yuni da Agusta 2026 idan ba a ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba.<ref name="FAO2025"/> A cikin wannan hasashen, kusan '''1.8 miliyan''' mutane za su kasance a Mataki na 4, yayin da kusan '''15,000''' a Borno za su iya fuskantar Mataki na 5.<ref name="FAOHotspots">{{cite web |title=New FAO-WFP report warns worsening hunger puts 13 hotspots at significant risk |url=https://www.fao.org/newsroom/detail/new-fao-wfp-report-warns-worsening-hunger-puts-13-hotspots-at-significant-risk/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Waɗannan alkaluma hasashe ne, ba ƙidayar mutane da ke fuskantar rashin wadatar abinci a kowane lokaci ba. == Duba kuma == * [[Rashin wadatar abinci]] * [[Yunwa]] * [[Tamowa]] * [[Tsaron abinci]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya]] * [[Tawayen Boko Haram]] * [[Noma a Najeriya]] * [[Talauci a Najeriya]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.fao.org/nigeria/ FAO Nigeria] * [https://www.wfp.org/countries/nigeria World Food Programme — Nigeria] * [https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/en/?country=NGA IPC — Nigeria] * [https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/country/nigeria World Bank — Nigeria] [[Category:Rashin wadatar abinci]] [[Category:Abinci a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Talauci a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] [[Category:Noma a Najeriya]] [[Category:Tamowa]] [[Category:Rikicin jin ƙai a Najeriya]] m61ltem9x6yjhbz0su4ummeqbkhuqlt 0 165005 905316 2026-08-20T22:17:23Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox health condition | name = Tamowa a arewacin Najeriya | image = | caption = | field = [[Abinci mai gina jiki]] da [[Kiwon lafiya]] | symptoms = Rage nauyi, ƙarancin girma, raunin jiki da rashin abinci mai gina jiki | causes = Rashin wadatar abinci, cututtuka, talauci, rashin tsaro, ƙaura da rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki | risks = Yara ƙanana, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa | prevention = Isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, shayarwa, tsafta, rigakafi da samun... 905316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox health condition | name = Tamowa a arewacin Najeriya | image = | caption = | field = [[Abinci mai gina jiki]] da [[Kiwon lafiya]] | symptoms = Rage nauyi, ƙarancin girma, raunin jiki da rashin abinci mai gina jiki | causes = Rashin wadatar abinci, cututtuka, talauci, rashin tsaro, ƙaura da rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki | risks = Yara ƙanana, mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa | prevention = Isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, shayarwa, tsafta, rigakafi da samun kulawar lafiya | treatment = Abinci mai gina jiki, RUTF, magani da kulawar lafiya | frequency = }} '''Tamowa a arewacin Najeriya''' wata babbar matsalar [[kiwon lafiya]] ce da ta shafi yara da mata, musamman a yankunan [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya|arewa maso gabas]] da [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya|arewa maso yamma]]. Matsalar ta haɗa da [[acute malnutrition|tamowa mai tsanani]], [[stunting|gajeruwar tsawo saboda rashin abinci mai gina jiki]], da [[wasting|ramewa]]. Arewacin Najeriya na daga cikin wuraren da matsalar tamowa ta fi tsanani a ƙasar. [[UNICEF]] ta bayyana cewa jihohin arewacin Najeriya sun fi fuskantar nau'o'in tamowa guda biyu, wato stunting da wasting.<ref name="UNICEFnutrition">{{cite web |title=Nutrition |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/nutrition |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yanayin matsalar == Tamowa a arewacin Najeriya tana da alaƙa da abubuwa da dama, ciki har da [[rashin wadatar abinci]], cututtuka, rashin isasshen tsarin kiwon lafiya, talauci, rashin tsaro, ƙaura da rashin samun ruwa mai tsafta.<ref name="IPC2026">{{cite web |title=Nigeria (Northeast, Northwest and North Central): Acute Malnutrition Situation for October - December 2025 and Projections for January - April 2026 and May - September 2026 |url=https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159808/?iso3=NGA |publisher=[[Integrated Food Security Phase Classification|IPC]] |date=3 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A binciken IPC na 2025, kusan '''miliyan 6.4''' yara masu shekaru 0–59 a arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya an kiyasta suna fama ko za su ci gaba da fama da tamowa mai tsanani har zuwa Satumba 2026. Daga cikin waɗannan, kusan '''miliyan 2''' suna fama da ''severe acute malnutrition'' (SAM).<ref name="IPC2026"/> Haka kuma, kusan '''786,000''' mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa an kiyasta za su fuskanci tamowa mai tsanani a wannan lokacin.<ref name="IPC2026"/> == Nau'o'in tamowa == Tamowa na iya bayyana ta hanyoyi daban-daban. === Ramewa === ''Wasting'' na nufin ƙarancin nauyi idan aka kwatanta da tsawon jiki ko tsayin yaro. Yana nuna cewa yaro yana fama da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki ko kuma wata matsala ta rashin lafiya. ''Acute malnutrition'' na iya zama ''moderate acute malnutrition'' (MAM) ko ''severe acute malnutrition'' (SAM). === Gajeruwar tsawo === ''Stunting'' na faruwa idan yaro ya yi gajarta fiye da yadda ya dace da shekarunsa saboda dogon lokaci na rashin isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ko rashin lafiya. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen da ke da babban nauyin yara masu stunting, kuma arewacin Najeriya na daga cikin yankunan da matsalar ta fi tsanani.<ref name="UNICEFnutrition"/> === Severe acute malnutrition === ''Severe acute malnutrition'' (SAM) ita ce mafi tsananin nau'in tamowa mai gaggawa. Tana iya jefa rayuwar yaro cikin haɗari idan ba a samu magani da wuri ba. IPC ta kiyasta cewa kusan yara miliyan 2 a yankunan arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya za su buƙaci maganin SAM a lokacin da binciken ya rufe.<ref name="IPC2026"/> == Dalilai == === Rashin wadatar abinci === [[Rashin wadatar abinci]] na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tamowa. Iyalan da ba su samun isasshen abinci ko kuma ba za su iya sayen abinci mai gina jiki ba na iya rage yawan abincin da suke ci ko kuma dogaro da abinci mara isasshen sinadarai masu gina jiki. IPC ta gano cewa rashin isasshen abinci ta fuskar yawa da inganci na daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tamowa a arewacin Najeriya.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Rikicin makamai === [[Rikicin Boko Haram|Rikicin Boko Haram]] da sauran rikice-rikicen makamai sun yi tasiri sosai a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Rikici na iya hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu, lalata hanyoyin kasuwanci da kuma tilasta wa mutane barin muhallansu. IPC ta bayyana cewa rashin tsaro da ke da alaƙa da rikicin makamai, tayar da ƙayar baya da rikicin manoma da makiyaya na daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙara matsalar tamowa.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Ƙaura === [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu|Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu]] na iya rasa gidaje, gonaki, dabbobi da hanyoyin samun kuɗi. Sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da wuraren da mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu suke zama na iya fuskantar matsin lamba kan abinci, ruwa, tsafta da ayyukan kiwon lafiya. === Cututtuka === Cututtuka kamar [[zawo]], [[malaria]] da wasu cututtukan yara na iya ƙara tsananta tamowa. IPC ta nuna cewa yawan cututtuka, musamman zazzabi da gudawa, na daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalar tamowa a yankunan da aka bincika.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Rashin isasshen kiwon lafiya === Rashin samun cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, ma'aikatan lafiya da ayyukan abinci mai gina jiki na iya hana yara samun magani cikin lokaci. IPC ta bayyana ƙarancin ayyukan kiwon lafiya da ƙarancin amfani da ayyukan lafiya a matsayin wasu daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙara matsalar.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Ruwa, tsafta da muhalli === Rashin samun [[ruwan sha]] mai tsafta da rashin ingantaccen tsarin tsafta na iya ƙara kamuwa da cututtuka. Rashin tsafta da rashin samun ruwan sha mai aminci suna daga cikin abubuwan da IPC ta danganta da matsalar tamowa a yankunan arewa.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Talauci === [[Talauci]] yana rage ikon iyalai na samun abinci mai gina jiki, magunguna da sauran ayyukan lafiya. Haɗuwar talauci da hauhawar farashin abinci na iya sa iyalai su fi dogaro da abinci mara tsada amma mai ƙarancin sinadarai masu gina jiki. == Yankunan da matsalar ta fi tsanani == === Arewa maso gabas === [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] na daga cikin yankunan da matsalar tamowa ta fi tsanani. Jihohin [[Jihar Borno|Borno]], [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]] da [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]] sun fuskanci tasirin rikicin Boko Haram, ƙaura da rashin wadatar abinci. A binciken IPC na 2025, an samu matakan ''Critical'' (Phase 4) a ƙananan hukumomi da dama a Borno da Yobe.<ref name="IPC2026"/> A Borno, ƙananan hukumomi kamar Maiduguri, Jere, Damboa, Gubio, Kaga, Konduga, Mafa, Magumeri, Marte, Monguno da Mobbar an sanya su cikin Phase 4, yayin da wasu ƙananan hukumomi kuma suke cikin Phase 3.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Arewa maso yamma === [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] ma na fuskantar matsalar tamowa saboda rashin tsaro, talauci, rashin wadatar abinci da matsalolin kiwon lafiya. A binciken IPC, ƙananan hukumomin Mashi da Jibia a [[Jihar Katsina|Katsina]] suna cikin Phase 4, yayin da ƙananan hukumomi da dama suke cikin Phase 3.<ref name="IPC2026"/> [[Jihar Sokoto|Sokoto]] da [[Jihar Kebbi|Kebbi]] na daga cikin jihohin da aka bayyana a matsayin wuraren da matsalar ta fi tsanani a arewa maso yamma.<ref name="IPC2026"/> === Arewa ta tsakiya === Binciken IPC na 2025 ya haɗa wasu yankunan [[Jihar Benue|Benue]] a cikin nazarin arewa ta tsakiya saboda sauyin yanayin jin ƙai, tashin hankali da ƙaura.<ref name="IPC2026"/> == Yara == Yara ƙanana su ne suka fi fuskantar mummunan tasirin tamowa. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa kusan kashi 45 cikin 100 na mutuwar yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru biyar a duniya na da alaƙa kai tsaye ko a kaikaice da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.<ref name="UNICEFnutrition"/> A Najeriya, UNICEF ta kiyasta cewa kusan yara miliyan 2 suna fama da severe acute malnutrition, ko da yake adadin ya danganta da lokacin da aka yi ƙididdigar.<ref name="UNICEFnutrition"/> Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a farkon rayuwa na iya shafar girma, ci gaban kwakwalwa da karatun yaro. == Mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa == Mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa suna cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin haɗarin tamowa. Binciken IPC na 2025 ya kiyasta kusan '''786,000''' mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa za su fuskanci acute malnutrition a yankunan arewa maso gabas, arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya har zuwa Satumba 2026.<ref name="IPC2026"/> Rashin abinci mai gina jiki ga mace na iya shafar lafiyarta da lafiyar jaririnta. == Illolin tamowa == Tamowa na iya haifar da: * ƙarancin nauyi; * gajeruwar tsawo; * raunin garkuwar jiki; * yawan kamuwa da cututtuka; * jinkirin ci gaban kwakwalwa; * matsalolin koyon karatu; * ƙarancin aiki a lokacin balaga; * ƙara haɗarin mutuwa ga yara masu tsananin tamowa. Illolin na iya kasancewa na ɗan lokaci ko na dogon lokaci, musamman idan tamowa ta faru a farkon shekarun rayuwa. == Tasirin rikici da ƙaura == Rikicin da ya shafi arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ya haifar da ƙaura mai yawa. Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu suna iya fuskantar ƙarancin abinci, rashin ruwa, rashin tsafta da ƙarancin ayyukan kiwon lafiya. IPC ta gano cewa ƙaura da matsin lamba kan ayyukan lafiya, abinci mai gina jiki da ruwa da tsafta na ƙara tsananta matsalar.<ref name="IPC2026"/> == Tasirin rashin wadatar abinci == Tamowa da [[rashin wadatar abinci]] suna da alaƙa sosai. Idan iyali ba shi da isasshen abinci, yara na iya samun ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki. A arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma, rashin wadatar abinci, rashin tsaro da ƙarancin samun ayyukan lafiya suna aiki tare wajen ƙara haɗarin tamowa.<ref name="IPC2026"/> == Rigakafi == Matakan da za su iya taimakawa wajen rage tamowa sun haɗa da: * [[shayar da jariri nono]] musamman a farkon watanni shida; * samar da abinci mai gina jiki ga yara; * inganta lafiyar mata masu juna biyu; * rigakafin cututtuka; * samun ruwan sha mai tsafta; * inganta tsafta; * tallafawa iyalai masu rauni; * inganta samar da abinci; * ƙarfafa ayyukan kiwon lafiya; * magance rashin tsaro; * tallafawa mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu. UNICEF ta jaddada muhimmancin kwanaki 1,000 na farko na rayuwar yaro wajen rigakafin rashin abinci mai gina jiki da illolinsa.<ref name="UNICEFnutrition"/> == Magani == Ana iya magance acute malnutrition ta hanyar haɗa abinci mai gina jiki da kulawar lafiya. Yara masu severe acute malnutrition ba tare da rikitarwa ba na iya samun kulawa a cibiyoyin jinya na waje, yayin da waɗanda ke da rikitarwa mai tsanani za su iya buƙatar kulawar asibiti. Ana amfani da [[Ready-to-use therapeutic food|RUTF]] wajen kula da yara masu severe acute malnutrition a wasu shirye-shiryen jinya. A shekarar 2025, UNICEF ta tallafa wa ayyukan kula da yara masu severe acute malnutrition a arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yamma.<ref name="UNICEFresponse">{{cite web |title=EU and UNICEF Strengthen Lifesaving Nutrition Response for Children in Northeast and Northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/eu-and-unicef-strengthen-lifesaving-nutrition-response-children-northeast-and |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=19 December 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> UNICEF ta ruwaito cewa tare da tallafin Tarayyar Turai, fiye da yara 20,000 a arewa maso gabas da 14,000 a arewa maso yamma sun samu maganin severe acute malnutrition a shekarar 2025.<ref name="UNICEFresponse"/> == Ayyukan jin ƙai == Ƙungiyoyin agaji na ƙasa da ƙasa da na Najeriya suna gudanar da shirye-shiryen rage tamowa. [[UNICEF]], [[World Food Programme|WFP]], [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]], hukumomin lafiya da ƙungiyoyin cikin gida suna tallafawa ayyukan abinci mai gina jiki, musamman a yankunan da rikici ya shafa. A arewa maso gabas, UNICEF ta samar da RUTF da sauran kayayyakin maganin tamowa ga cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya.<ref name="UNICEFresponse"/> == Matsalar kuɗin tallafi == Shirye-shiryen maganin tamowa suna dogaro da tallafin gwamnati da na ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa. Raguwar kuɗin tallafi na iya rage yawan cibiyoyin magani da adadin yaran da ake iya kula da su. UNICEF ta yi gargadin cewa raguwar kuɗin tallafi na iya barazana ga ci gaba da ayyukan cibiyoyin kula da yara masu tsananin tamowa a arewa maso gabas.<ref name="UNICEFmonguno">{{cite web |title=Inside Monguno’s only nutrition treatment centre for children |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/stories/inside-mongunos-only-nutrition-treatment-centre-children |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=17 March 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Monguno == [[Monguno]] na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da matsalar tamowa ta yi tsanani a [[Jihar Borno|Borno]]. UNICEF ta ruwaito cewa wani rahoton [[Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs|OCHA]] na 2024 ya nuna cewa Monguno na daga cikin wuraren da ke da yawan yara masu tamowa a Borno.<ref name="UNICEFmonguno"/> A cikin rahoton, an bayyana cewa yawan ''Global Acute Malnutrition'' a Monguno ya kai kusan '''26.7%''', yayin da Gwoza ya kai '''35.1%''', fiye da iyakar 10–15% da ake amfani da ita wajen nuna babbar matsalar GAM.<ref name="UNICEFmonguno"/> == Bayanai da bincike == Ana amfani da bincike daban-daban wajen tantance tamowa a Najeriya. [[National Bureau of Statistics|NBS]] tare da abokan hulɗa suna gudanar da binciken SMART domin tattara bayanai kan acute malnutrition, stunting da sauran alamomin abinci mai gina jiki. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa binciken Nutrition SMART na 2025 ya samar da bayanai kan yara da mata tare da taimakawa wajen gano bambance-bambancen matsalar tsakanin yankuna.<ref name="SMART">{{cite web |title=Nutrition Smart Surveys |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/nutrition-smart-surveys |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tamowa]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] * [[Abinci mai gina jiki]] * [[Yunwa]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Borno]] * [[Jihar Yobe]] * [[Jihar Adamawa]] * [[Jihar Katsina]] * [[Jihar Sokoto]] * [[Jihar Zamfara]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/nutrition UNICEF Nigeria — Nutrition] * [https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1159808/?iso3=NGA IPC — Nigeria Acute Malnutrition Analysis] * [https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/nutrition-smart-surveys UNICEF Nigeria — Nutrition SMART Surveys] * [https://www.wfp.org/countries/nigeria World Food Programme — Nigeria] [[Category:Tamowa]] [[Category:Abinci mai gina jiki]] [[Category:Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Borno]] [[Category:Yobe]] [[Category:Adamawa]] [[Category:Katsina]] [[Category:Sokoto]] [[Category:Zamfara]] [[Category:Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikicin jin ƙai a Najeriya]] [[Category:Yara a Najeriya]] tlvb5l6aiy4nbac8vmz8pw06rld24mp 0 165006 905317 2026-08-20T22:19:32Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox epidemic | name = Barkewar cutar kwalara a Najeriya | image = | caption = | disease = [[Kwalara]] | location = [[Najeriya]] | first_reported = | date = 1970s–yanzu | source = | confirmed_cases = | suspected_cases = | deaths = | fatality_rate = | prevention = Ruwa mai tsafta, tsafta, maganin rigakafi da allurar kwalara }} '''Barkewar cutar kwalara a Najeriya''' na nufin barkewar [[kwalara]] da ta faru a sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]] a lokuta daban-daban. Kwalara... 905317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox epidemic | name = Barkewar cutar kwalara a Najeriya | image = | caption = | disease = [[Kwalara]] | location = [[Najeriya]] | first_reported = | date = 1970s–yanzu | source = | confirmed_cases = | suspected_cases = | deaths = | fatality_rate = | prevention = Ruwa mai tsafta, tsafta, maganin rigakafi da allurar kwalara }} '''Barkewar cutar kwalara a Najeriya''' na nufin barkewar [[kwalara]] da ta faru a sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]] a lokuta daban-daban. Kwalara cuta ce mai saurin yaɗuwa da ke haifar da matsananciyar gudawa da amai, kuma tana iya jawo mutuwa cikin ɗan lokaci idan ba a yi magani ba. Najeriya ta fuskanci barkewar kwalara a lokuta daban-daban, musamman lokacin da ake samun matsalolin samun [[ruwan sha]] mai tsafta, rashin isasshen tsafta, ambaliyar ruwa da cunkoson jama'a. A shekarar 2024, barkewar kwalara ta shafi jihohi da dama. Daga 1 Janairu zuwa 29 Satumba 2024, an bayar da rahoton '''10,837''' suspected cases da '''359''' mutuwar mutane a jihohi 35 da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya|FCT]].<ref name="WHO2024">{{cite web |title=Multi-country outbreak of cholera, situation report |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20241008_multi-country_outbreak-of-cholera_sitrep_19.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=8 October 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalara ta kasance matsalar lafiyar jama'a a Najeriya tsawon shekaru da dama. Barkewar cutar na faruwa lokaci-lokaci a jihohi daban-daban, musamman wuraren da ake fama da ƙarancin ruwan sha mai tsafta da rashin ingantaccen tsarin najasa. Barkewar cutar na iya ƙaruwa bayan [[ambaliyar ruwa]], lokacin da ruwan ambaliyar ya gurɓata rijiyoyi da sauran hanyoyin samun ruwan sha. == Barkewar 2024 == A farkon shekarar 2024, an fara samun rahotannin kwalara a jihohi da dama. Daga 1 Janairu zuwa 24 Maris 2024, WHO ta ruwaito '''559''' suspected cases da mutuwar mutane '''7''' daga jihohi 18. [[Jihar Bayelsa|Bayelsa]] ce ta fi yawan rahotannin a lokacin, inda aka samu 356 cases.<ref name="WHO2024March">{{cite web |title=Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies |url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/item/384488/OEW23-0309062024.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Daga baya, barkewar ta ƙaru kuma ta bazu zuwa wasu sassan ƙasar. A ranar 15 Yuni 2024, hukumomin [[Jihar Legas|Lagos]] suka bayyana barkewar kwalara a jihar.<ref name="WHOLagos">{{cite web |title=Rallying action to curb cholera in Nigeria’s Lagos state |url=https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria/news/rallying-action-curb-cholera-nigerias-lagos-state |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=27 June 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A farkon barkewar Lagos, an samu ɗaruruwan suspected cases, kuma an fara kunna tsarin Emergency Operations Centre domin daidaita martanin hukumomi da abokan hulɗa.<ref name="UNICEFLagos">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Humanitarian Situation Report (Lagos Cholera Outbreak), 14 June 2024 |url=https://www.unicef.org/documents/nigeria-humanitarian-situation-report-lagos-cholera-outbreak-14-june-2024 |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=14 June 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> A tsakanin 2 da 29 Satumba 2024, Najeriya ta bayar da rahoton '''1,938''' sabbin suspected cases da '''87''' mutuwar mutane. Jihohi 18 da FCT sun bayar da rahoton cases, kuma Adamawa, Jigawa, Lagos da Kano na daga cikin wuraren da suka fi yawan rahotanni.<ref name="WHO2024September">{{cite web |title=Multi-country outbreak of cholera, situation report |url=https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20241008_multi-country_outbreak-of-cholera_sitrep_19.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=8 October 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Alkaluman 2024 == A ranar 29 Satumba 2024, jimillar rahoton Najeriya tun farkon shekarar ya kai: * '''10,837''' suspected cases; * '''359''' mutuwar mutane; * case fatality ratio na kusan '''3.3%'''; * rahotanni daga jihohi '''35''' da FCT.<ref name="WHO2024"/> WHO ta ce a lokacin akwai ƙaruwa musamman a wasu jihohin arewacin Najeriya, kuma ambaliyar ruwa na iya taimakawa wajen ƙara haɗarin yaɗuwar cutar.<ref name="WHO2024"/> == Barkewar Legas ta 2024 == Barkewar kwalara ta [[Jihar Legas|Lagos]] a watan Yuni 2024 na daga cikin manyan barkewar cutar a Najeriya a wannan shekarar. A ranar 9 Yuni, gwamnatin jihar ta ayyana barkewar cutar. Zuwa 12 Yuni, an bayar da rahoton '''324''' suspected cases, ciki har da '''9''' da aka tabbatar, da mutuwar mutane '''15'''.<ref name="UNICEFLagos"/> WHO ta ce zuwa 21 Yuni an samu fiye da 500 suspected cases da 43 confirmed cases a jihar.<ref name="WHOLagos"/> Barkewar ta shafi ƙananan hukumomi da dama na jihar, kuma hukumomi suka ƙara ayyukan sa ido, wayar da kan jama'a da samar da kulawar lafiya.<ref name="WHOLagos"/> == Jihohin da cutar ta shafa == Kwalara ta bayyana a jihohi daban-daban na Najeriya a lokuta daban-daban. A shekarar 2024, an samu rahotanni daga: * [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]]; * [[Jihar Akwa Ibom|Akwa Ibom]]; * [[Jihar Bauchi|Bauchi]]; * [[Jihar Bayelsa|Bayelsa]]; * [[Jihar Benue|Benue]]; * [[Jihar Borno|Borno]]; * [[Jihar Delta|Delta]]; * [[Jihar Gombe|Gombe]]; * [[Jihar Jigawa|Jigawa]]; * [[Jihar Kano|Kano]]; * [[Jihar Katsina|Katsina]]; * [[Jihar Kogi|Kogi]]; * [[Jihar Legas|Lagos]]; * [[Jihar Neja|Niger]]; * [[Jihar Plateau|Plateau]]; * [[Jihar Rivers|Rivers]]; * [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]]; * da sauran jihohi.<ref name="WHO2024"/> Ba a iyakance barkewar kwalara ga arewacin Najeriya ba; cutar na iya faruwa a duk wani yanki da ke da yanayin da ke taimakawa yaɗuwarta. == Dalilai == Kwalara tana yaɗuwa ne musamman ta hanyar shan ruwa ko cin abinci da kwayar cutar ''Vibrio cholerae'' ta gurɓata. Abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin barkewar cutar sun haɗa da: * rashin ruwan sha mai tsafta; * rashin ingantaccen tsarin najasa; * rashin tsaftar muhalli; * gurɓacewar abinci; * cunkoson jama'a; * ambaliyar ruwa; * ƙaura da matsugunan gaggawa; * rashin isassun ayyukan kiwon lafiya. == Ambaliyar ruwa da kwalara == [[Ambaliyar ruwa]] na iya ƙara haɗarin barkewar kwalara saboda tana iya haɗa najasa da hanyoyin ruwan sha. A shekarar 2024, Najeriya ta fuskanci ambaliyar ruwa a jihohi da dama. WHO ta yi gargadin cewa ambaliyar ta iya ƙara haɗarin cututtukan da ake yaɗawa ta ruwa, ciki har da kwalara.<ref name="WHOFlood">{{cite web |title=WHO Emergency Preparedness and Response Cluster Update on Cholera, Floods and Mpox in Nigeria |url=https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria/publication/who-emergency-preparedness-and-response-cluster-update-cholera-floods-and-mpox-nigeria |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=September 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Alamomi == Manyan alamomin kwalara sun haɗa da: * matsananciyar gudawa; * amai; * rashin ruwa a jiki; * ƙishirwa mai tsanani; * rauni; * raguwar hawan jini; * matsalar koda a lokuta masu tsanani. Idan ba a yi magani da wuri ba, rashin ruwa mai tsanani na iya haifar da mutuwa cikin sauri. == Magani == Babban abin da ake yi wajen maganin kwalara shi ne mayar da ruwan da gishirin da jiki ya rasa. Ana amfani da [[Oral rehydration solution|ORS]] ga marasa lafiya da za su iya sha. A lokuta masu tsanani, ana iya ba da ruwan jijiya. WHO ta bayyana cewa kwalara cuta ce mai tsanani amma ana iya magance ta idan aka ba mara lafiya ruwa da gishiri cikin lokaci.<ref name="WHOLagos"/> A wasu lokuta ana amfani da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta bisa shawarar ma'aikatan lafiya. == Rigakafi == Matakan rigakafin kwalara sun haɗa da: * shan ruwa mai tsafta; * tafasa ruwa idan ba a tabbatar da tsabtarsa ba; * wanke hannu da sabulu; * amfani da bandaki mai tsafta; * adana abinci yadda ya dace; * wanke kayan abinci; * guje wa cin abincin da aka gurɓata; * kula da tsaftar muhalli; * samun magani cikin gaggawa idan alamomi sun bayyana. == Allurar rigakafin kwalara == Ana amfani da [[oral cholera vaccine|allurar rigakafin kwalara ta baki]] (OCV) a wasu wuraren da barkewar cutar ta tsananta ko kuma inda haɗarin cutar ya yi yawa. A shekarar 2024, WHO da abokan hulɗa sun tallafa wa Najeriya wajen amfani da allurar kwalara a wasu wuraren da barkewar ta shafa.<ref name="WHO2024"/> Allurar ba ta maye gurbin samun ruwa mai tsafta, tsafta da ingantaccen tsarin najasa ba. == Martanin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya tana amfani da hukumomin lafiya na tarayya da na jihohi wajen gano barkewar cutar da kuma mayar da martani. [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen sa ido kan cututtuka, tattara bayanai da daidaita martanin gaggawa. A lokacin barkewar 2024, an kunna Emergency Operations Centres a jihohi da dama domin daidaita ayyukan hukumomi da abokan hulɗa.<ref name="WHOLagos"/> == Martanin WHO da abokan hulɗa == [[World Health Organization|WHO]] ta tallafa wa gwamnatin Najeriya wajen: * sa ido kan barkewar cutar; * binciken cases; * kula da marasa lafiya; * samar da kayayyakin kiwon lafiya; * wayar da kan jama'a; * horar da ma'aikatan lafiya; * inganta ayyukan ruwa, tsafta da muhalli; * shirya kamfen ɗin allurar kwalara. A lokacin barkewar Lagos, WHO ta taimaka wajen haɗa hukumomin tarayya, na jiha da na ƙananan hukumomi tare da ƙungiyoyin kasa da kasa.<ref name="WHOLagos"/> == Yara == Yara, musamman ƙananan yara, na iya fuskantar haɗarin rashin ruwa a jiki idan suka kamu da kwalara. Rashin ruwa mai tsanani na iya faruwa cikin sauri ga yara, don haka gano cutar da ba da magani cikin lokaci yana da muhimmanci. == Tasirin lafiyar jama'a == Barkewar kwalara na iya matsa wa tsarin kiwon lafiya lamba, musamman a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin ma'aikatan lafiya da kayan aiki. A lokacin barkewar cuta, hukumomi na iya buƙatar ƙarin cibiyoyin kula da kwalara, kayan ORS, ruwan jijiya da kayayyakin kariya ga ma'aikatan lafiya. == Barkewar kwalara da matsugunan mutane == Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu saboda rikici ko ambaliyar ruwa na iya fuskantar ƙarin haɗarin kwalara. Cunkoson jama'a, ƙarancin bandaki da wahalar samun ruwa mai tsafta na iya taimakawa wajen yaɗuwar cutar. Wannan matsalar ta fi muhimmanci a wasu sassan [[Arewa maso gabashin Najeriya|arewa maso gabas]], inda rikici ya haifar da yawan mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu. == Barkewar 2025 == Barkewar kwalara ta ci gaba da faruwa a Najeriya a shekarar 2025. Daga 1 Janairu zuwa 11 Mayu 2025, WHO ta ruwaito '''1,562''' suspected cases da '''48''' mutuwar mutane, tare da case fatality ratio na kusan '''3.1%'''. An bayar da rahoton cases daga jihohi 36 da ƙananan hukumomi 111.<ref name="WHO2025">{{cite web |title=Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 26 |url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/381955/OEW26-2329062025.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=June 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> WHO ta ce kashi 89 cikin 100 na cases da aka bayar da rahoto a wannan lokacin sun fito ne daga Bayelsa, Delta, Rivers, Adamawa, Niger, Abia, Benue, Akwa Ibom, Lagos da Gombe.<ref name="WHO2025"/> == Alkaluman 2026 == Barkewar kwalara ta ci gaba da bukatar sa ido a Najeriya. A cewar rahoton WHO na yanayin kwalara na duniya, daga 1 Janairu zuwa 31 Mayu 2026 Najeriya ta bayar da rahoton '''6,860''' cholera/AWD cases da '''80''' mutuwar mutane, da case fatality ratio na kusan '''1.2%'''.<ref name="WHO2026">{{cite web |title=Weekly Epidemiological Record, 26 |url=https://www.who.int/publications/journals/weekly-epidemiological-record/WER101-26 |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Alkaluman na iya sauyawa yayin da ake tabbatar da cases da kuma gyara bayanan baya. == Matsalolin tattara bayanai == Alkaluman barkewar kwalara na iya bambanta tsakanin rahotannin hukumomi saboda bambanci tsakanin: * suspected cases; * confirmed cases; * cholera/AWD cases; * lokacin tattara bayanai; * wuraren da aka samu rahoton cutar. Saboda haka, alkaluman da aka bayar a wannan shafi suna bukatar a danganta su da ranar da rahoton ya fitar. == Duba kuma == * [[Kwalara]] * [[Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] * [[Barkewar cututtuka a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya]] * [[Ruwan sha]] * [[Tsaftar muhalli]] * [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention]] * [[World Health Organization]] * [[UNICEF]] * [[Rikicin jin ƙai na Najeriya]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news WHO — Disease Outbreak News] * [https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria WHO Regional Office for Africa — Nigeria] * [https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ UNICEF Nigeria] * [https://ncdc.gov.ng/ Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention] [[Category:Kwalara]] [[Category:Barkewar cututtuka a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] [[Category:Cuta a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Annoba]] [[Category:Cututtukan da ruwa ke yaɗawa]] [[Category:Abubuwan da suka faru a Najeriya a 2024]] shgpww0mk1hiplkzly60sazl3trao5p 0 165007 905320 2026-08-20T22:26:33Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox epidemic | name = Barkewar zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya | image = | caption = | disease = [[Zazzabin Lassa]] | virus = [[Lassa virus|Kwayar cutar Lassa]] | location = [[Najeriya]] | first_reported = 1969 | date = 1969–yanzu | confirmed_cases = | suspected_cases = | deaths = | fatality_rate = | prevention = Tsafta, kula da abinci, rage hulɗa da beraye da gano marasa lafiya da wuri }} '''Barkewar zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya''' na nufin barkewar [[zazzabin Lassa]] da ake... 905320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox epidemic | name = Barkewar zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya | image = | caption = | disease = [[Zazzabin Lassa]] | virus = [[Lassa virus|Kwayar cutar Lassa]] | location = [[Najeriya]] | first_reported = 1969 | date = 1969–yanzu | confirmed_cases = | suspected_cases = | deaths = | fatality_rate = | prevention = Tsafta, kula da abinci, rage hulɗa da beraye da gano marasa lafiya da wuri }} '''Barkewar zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya''' na nufin barkewar [[zazzabin Lassa]] da ake samu a sassa daban-daban na [[Najeriya]]. Zazzabin Lassa cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da ita wadda [[Lassa virus|kwayar cutar Lassa]] ke haifarwa. Ana iya yaɗa cutar daga beraye zuwa mutane, sannan a wasu yanayi daga mutum zuwa mutum. Najeriya na daga cikin ƙasashen da zazzabin Lassa ke yawan faruwa a [[Yammacin Afirka]]. Ana samun cutar a Najeriya a duk shekara, amma yawan kamuwa da ita yakan ƙaru a lokacin lokacin bazara, musamman daga kusan watan Oktoba zuwa Mayu.<ref name="NCDC2025">{{cite web |title=Public Advisory on Lassa Fever |url=https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/news/527/public-advisory-on-lassa-fever |publisher=[[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] |date=10 March 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gano zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya a shekarar [[1969]], lokacin da aka gano cutar a garin [[Lassa]], a tsohuwar Jihar Borno.<ref name="WHO">{{cite web |title=Lassa fever |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lassa-fever |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=5 April 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Tun daga lokacin, cutar ta zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman cututtukan da ake sa ido a kansu a Najeriya. Akwai rahotannin cutar a jihohi daban-daban, musamman a wasu jihohin kudancin da tsakiyar Najeriya. [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] tana tattara rahotannin cutar a kowane mako tare da bibiyar yaduwar cutar.<ref name="NCDCsitreps">{{cite web |title=Disease Situation Reports |url=https://ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/sitreps |publisher=[[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yanayin barkewar cutar == Zazzabin Lassa cuta ce da ke faruwa a Najeriya duk shekara, amma yawan cases yakan ƙaru a lokacin da ake samun yanayin da ya dace da yaɗuwar cutar. NCDC ta bayyana cewa lokacin da cutar ta fi yaduwa a Najeriya yana tsakanin kusan watan Oktoba da Mayu na kowace shekara.<ref name="NCDC2025"/> A ranar 2 Maris 2026, NCDC ta yi gargadi cewa yawan cases na zazzabin Lassa yana ƙaruwa a lokacin kololuwar kakar yaduwar cutar ta 2026. A makon annoba na 8, cutar ta shafi jihohi 18 da ƙananan hukumomi 67, yayin da jihohin Bauchi, Ondo, Taraba, Edo da Benue suka samar da fiye da kashi 80% na confirmed cases.<ref name="NCDC2026">{{cite web |title=2 March 2026 | NCDC Calls for Strengthened State-Level Action as Lassa Fever Cases Rise During Peak Season |url=https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/news/item/534/?t=2-march-2026-%7C-ncdc-calls-for-strengthened-state-level-action-as-lassa-fever-cases-rise-during-peak-season |publisher=[[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] |date=3 March 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Barkewar 2025 == A farkon shekarar 2025, an samu ƙaruwa a cases na zazzabin Lassa. A makon annoba na 9, daga 1 Janairu zuwa 2 Maris 2025, Najeriya ta samu '''2,728 suspected cases''', '''535 confirmed cases''' da '''98 mutuwar mutane''' daga jihohi 14. Case fatality rate na confirmed cases ya kasance 18.3%.<ref name="NCDC2025"/> Jihohin [[Jihar Ondo|Ondo]], [[Jihar Bauchi|Bauchi]], [[Jihar Edo|Edo]], [[Jihar Taraba|Taraba]] da [[Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]] ne suka samar da mafi yawan confirmed cases a wannan lokacin.<ref name="NCDC2025"/> A ƙarshen Maris 2025, WHO ta ruwaito cewa daga 1 Janairu zuwa 30 Maris Najeriya ta samu '''666 confirmed cases''' da '''122 mutuwar mutane''' daga jihohi 18, tare da CFR na kusan 18.5%.<ref name="WHO2025March">{{cite web |title=Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 15 |url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/381104/OEW15-0713042025.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=April 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Zuwa 8 Yuni 2025, WHO ta bayar da rahoton '''765 confirmed cases''' da '''143 mutuwar mutane''' daga jihohi 18.<ref name="WHO2025June">{{cite web |title=Weekly Bulletin on Outbreaks and Other Emergencies, Week 24 |url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/381856/OEW24-0915062025.pdf |publisher=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |date=June 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Barkewar 2026 == Barkewar zazzabin Lassa ta ci gaba a Najeriya a shekarar 2026. Rahoton NCDC na makon annoba na 25, wanda ya shafi 15 zuwa 21 Yuni 2026, ya nuna cewa a wannan makon an samu: * '''150''' suspected cases; * '''22''' confirmed cases; * '''1''' probable case; * '''3''' mutuwar confirmed cases; * cases daga jihohi 4 da ƙananan hukumomi 10.<ref name="NCDCweek25">{{cite web |title=Lassa Fever Situation Report: Epi Week 25, 15th–21st June 2026 |url=https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/themes/common/files/sitreps/2b5eb87b18e46a8cce84ebc1385bc1ea.pdf |publisher=[[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] |date=June 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Daga makon 1 zuwa makon 25 na 2026, jimillar rahoton ya kai '''5,961 suspected cases''', '''891 confirmed cases''', '''6 probable cases''' da '''219 mutuwar confirmed cases'''. Cututtukan sun shafi jihohi 23 da ƙananan hukumomi 111.<ref name="NCDCweek25"/> CFR na confirmed cases a wannan lokacin ya kasance '''24.6%'''.<ref name="NCDCweek25"/> == Jihohin da cutar ta fi shafa == Zazzabin Lassa na iya faruwa a jihohi da dama na Najeriya. A shekarun baya-bayan nan, jihohin da suka kasance cikin manyan wuraren da aka fi samun confirmed cases sun haɗa da: * [[Jihar Ondo|Ondo]]; * [[Jihar Edo|Edo]]; * [[Jihar Bauchi|Bauchi]]; * [[Jihar Taraba|Taraba]]; * [[Jihar Ebonyi|Ebonyi]]; * [[Jihar Benue|Benue]]. A shekarar 2026, NCDC ta bayyana cewa Bauchi, Ondo, Taraba, Edo da Benue sun samar da fiye da kashi 80% na confirmed cases a farkon lokacin barkewar shekarar.<ref name="NCDC2026"/> == Dalilin cutar == Zazzabin Lassa yana faruwa ne sakamakon kamuwa da [[Lassa virus|kwayar cutar Lassa]], wadda ke cikin dangin ''Arenaviridae''. Babban mai ɗaukar kwayar cutar a muhalli shi ne bera mai suna ''Mastomys natalensis'', wanda aka fi sani da multimammate rat.<ref name="WHO"/> Mutum na iya kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar hulɗa da fitsari ko najasar bera mai ɗauke da kwayar cutar, musamman idan an gurɓata abinci ko kayan gida. == Yaɗuwar cutar tsakanin mutane == Ana iya yaɗa zazzabin Lassa daga mutum zuwa mutum ta hanyar hulɗa da jinin, fitsari, najasa, amai ko wasu ruwan jikin mutumin da ke ɗauke da cutar.<ref name="WHO"/> Yaɗuwar mutum-da-mutum na iya faruwa musamman a asibitoci idan ba a yi amfani da matakan kariya da suka dace ba. Ma'aikatan lafiya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar idan ba su da kayan kariya ko kuma ba a gano mara lafiya da wuri ba.<ref name="NCDC2026"/> == Alamomi == Wasu mutane masu kamuwa da zazzabin Lassa ba sa nuna alamomi masu tsanani. Alamomin da za su iya bayyana sun haɗa da: * zazzabi; * ciwon kai; * kasala; * ciwon tsoka; * ciwon makogwaro; * amai; * gudawa; * ciwon ciki; * tari; * ciwon kirji. A lokuta masu tsanani, cutar na iya haifar da zubar jini, matsalar numfashi, kumburin fuska, shock da gazawar wasu gabobin jiki.<ref name="WHO"/> == Mutuwa == Zazzabin Lassa na iya zama mai tsanani kuma ya kai ga mutuwa. WHO ta kiyasta cewa gaba ɗaya kusan kashi 1% na mutanen da suka kamu da cutar na iya mutuwa, amma a tsakanin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsananciyar cuta, adadin mutuwa na iya zama mafi girma.<ref name="WHO"/> A Najeriya, CFR na barkewar cutar da aka tabbatar na iya zama mafi girma saboda ana fi samun rahoton cases masu tsanani ko kuma waɗanda aka gano a asibiti. == Ma'aikatan lafiya == Ma'aikatan lafiya na daga cikin mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da zazzabin Lassa yayin barkewar cuta. A farkon kakar barkewar 2026, NCDC ta ruwaito '''28 confirmed infections''' tsakanin ma'aikatan lafiya, ciki har da '''3 mutuwar mutane'''.<ref name="NCDC2026"/> Saboda haka, amfani da kayan kariya da gano marasa lafiya da wuri na daga cikin muhimman matakan rage kamuwa da cutar a asibitoci. == Gano cutar == Alamomin zazzabin Lassa na iya kama da na wasu cututtuka, musamman [[malaria|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da sauran cututtukan zazzabi. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje domin tabbatar da cutar. Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwajen gano kwayar cutar ko abubuwan da garkuwar jiki ke samarwa don tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="WHO"/> == Magani == Ana kula da masu zazzabin Lassa da magunguna da kulawar lafiya bisa yanayin mara lafiya. Gano cutar da wuri da fara kulawa cikin lokaci na da muhimmanci wajen rage haɗarin mutuwa. [[Ribavirin]] an yi amfani da shi wajen kula da zazzabin Lassa, amma ingancin amfani da shi da lokacin fara magani na ci gaba da zama batu na binciken kimiyya.<ref name="WHO"/> Kulawar mara lafiya ta haɗa da kula da ruwa a jiki, zazzabi, numfashi da sauran matsalolin da cutar ta haifar. == Rigakafi == Matakan rage haɗarin zazzabin Lassa sun haɗa da: * adana abinci a cikin kwantena masu rufewa; * hana beraye shiga gidaje; * tsaftace muhalli; * zubar da shara yadda ya dace; * guje wa hulɗa da fitsari ko najasar beraye; * wanke hannu; * amfani da kayan kariya a asibitoci; * ware marasa lafiya da ake zargin suna da cutar; * gano cases da wuri. WHO ta jaddada muhimmancin rage hulɗa tsakanin mutane da beraye da kuma inganta tsaftar muhalli wajen hana kamuwa da cutar.<ref name="WHO"/> == Sa ido da martanin gwamnati == [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention|NCDC]] ce ke jagorantar tsarin sa ido da martanin ƙasa kan zazzabin Lassa tare da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatun lafiya na jihohi da sauran abokan hulɗa. NCDC tana fitar da rahotannin cutar a kowane mako yayin barkewar cutar.<ref name="NCDCsitreps"/> Rahotannin sun ƙunshi adadin suspected cases, confirmed cases, probable cases, mutuwar mutane, jihohin da abin ya shafa da ƙananan hukumomin da aka samu cases. == Ayyukan WHO == [[World Health Organization|WHO]] tana tallafawa Najeriya wajen sa ido kan cutar, binciken barkewar cuta, ƙarfafa tsarin dakin gwaje-gwaje, horar da ma'aikatan lafiya da inganta matakan rigakafin kamuwa da cuta. WHO kuma tana wallafa rahotannin barkewar cututtuka a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Afirka.<ref name="WHO2025June"/> == Kalubalen da ake fuskanta == Manyan ƙalubalen da ke tattare da sarrafa zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya sun haɗa da: * gano cutar da wuri; * rashin samun gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje cikin sauri a wasu wurare; * ƙarancin kayan kariya; * kamuwa da ma'aikatan lafiya; * ƙarancin wayar da kan jama'a; * hulɗar mutane da beraye; * ƙarancin kayan aiki a wasu cibiyoyin lafiya; * matsalar samun bayanan da suka cika daga dukkan yankuna. == Bincike == Ana gudanar da bincike kan zazzabin Lassa a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashen Yammacin Afirka. Binciken ya haɗa da nazarin kwayar cutar, hanyoyin yaɗuwarta, gano cutar, magani da samar da allurar rigakafi. Najeriya na daga cikin muhimman wuraren binciken zazzabin Lassa saboda yawan cases da ake samu a ƙasar. == Duba kuma == * [[Zazzabin Lassa]] * [[Lassa virus]] * [[Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] * [[Barkewar cututtuka a Najeriya]] * [[Zazzabin cizon sauro]] * [[Zazzabin jini mai saurin yaɗuwa]] * [[Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention]] * [[World Health Organization]] * [[Jihar Ondo]] * [[Jihar Edo]] * [[Jihar Bauchi]] * [[Jihar Taraba]] * [[Jihar Ebonyi]] * [[Jihar Benue]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/sitreps NCDC — Disease Situation Reports] * [https://www.ncdc.gov.ng/diseases/info/L Lassa Fever — NCDC] * [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lassa-fever WHO — Lassa fever] * [https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria WHO Africa — Nigeria] [[Category:Zazzabin Lassa]] [[Category:Barkewar cututtuka a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] [[Category:Cuta a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Annoba]] [[Category:Cututtukan da beraye ke yadawa]] [[Category:Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta]] 5alzqt17r17g5ate30a6babbe8cnuvg 0 165008 905321 2026-08-20T22:29:39Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox natural disaster | name = Fari a arewacin Najeriya | image = | caption = | type = [[Fari]] | location = [[Arewacin Najeriya]] | countries affected = [[Najeriya]] | date = | duration = | causes = Rashin ruwan sama, tsananin zafi, sauyin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli | fatalities = | affected = Manoma, makiyaya, dabbobi da al'ummomin karkara | damages = }} '''Fari a arewacin Najeriya''' wani yanayi ne na dogon lokaci na ƙarancin ruwan sama da ƙarancin ruwa wanda ke far... 905321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox natural disaster | name = Fari a arewacin Najeriya | image = | caption = | type = [[Fari]] | location = [[Arewacin Najeriya]] | countries affected = [[Najeriya]] | date = | duration = | causes = Rashin ruwan sama, tsananin zafi, sauyin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli | fatalities = | affected = Manoma, makiyaya, dabbobi da al'ummomin karkara | damages = }} '''Fari a arewacin Najeriya''' wani yanayi ne na dogon lokaci na ƙarancin ruwan sama da ƙarancin ruwa wanda ke faruwa lokaci-lokaci a [[Arewacin Najeriya]]. Yankin arewacin Najeriya yana da sassa masu yanayin [[Sahel]] da savanna, kuma yana da ƙarancin ruwan sama idan aka kwatanta da kudancin ƙasar.<ref name="FAOLEX">{{cite web |title=Federal Republic of Nigeria: National Drought and Desertification Policy/overview |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/nig211221.pdf |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Fari na iya rage samar da ruwa, lalata amfanin gona, rage ciyawar kiwo, kashe dabbobi, kuma ƙara [[rashin wadatar abinci]] da talauci a tsakanin al'ummomin da suka dogara da noma da kiwo. Gwamnatin Najeriya ta bayyana fari a matsayin wani lamari da ke maimaituwa musamman a jihohin yankin Sahel, inda haɗuwar ƙarancin ruwan sama da tsananin zafi ke ƙara haɗarin fari da [[hamada|hamadarar ƙasa]].<ref name="ClimateNigeria">{{cite web |title=Drought and Aridity |url=https://climatechange.environment.gov.ng/climate-risks |publisher=Department of Climate Change, Federal Ministry of Environment, Nigeria |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yanayin arewacin Najeriya == Arewacin Najeriya yana da yanayin da ya bambanta da na kudancin ƙasar. Yankunan arewa suna samun ƙarancin ruwan sama kuma lokacin damina ya fi guntu. Wani rahoton gwamnati ya nuna cewa matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Najeriya yana raguwa daga kusan milimita 1,500–4,000 a kudu zuwa kusan milimita 300–1,000 a arewa.<ref name="FAOLEX"/> A arewacin ƙasar, damina tana da muhimmanci sosai ga noma, saboda yawancin manoma suna dogaro da ruwan sama maimakon ban ruwa. == Tarihin fari == Najeriya ta fuskanci manyan lokutan fari a lokuta daban-daban. Shekarun [[1970s|1970]] da [[1980s|1980]] sun kasance cikin lokutan da aka samu manyan matsalolin fari a sassan Najeriya da yankin Sahel. Nazarin yanayin fari a yankin arewa ta tsakiya na Najeriya ya nuna cewa shekarun 1980 sun kasance cikin shekarun da tasirin fari ya fi tsanani, yayin da shekarar 1983 ta kasance shekara mai muhimmanci inda aka samu fari a tashoshin yanayi da dama a lokaci guda.<ref name="Okeke">{{cite web |title=Spatial and Temporal Drought Analysis in the North Central Region of Nigeria |url=https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/125088/records/68514a9caab9439e79fbfcd9 |publisher=FAO AGRIS |date=2019 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dalilan fari == ### Rashin ruwan sama Babban dalilin fari shi ne rashin isasshen ruwan sama a lokacin da ake bukatarsa. A Najeriya, sauyin yanayin iska da yanayin [[Intertropical Convergence Zone|ITCZ]] na iya shafar lokacin fara damina, tsawon damina da yawan ruwan sama.<ref name="FAOLEX"/> Idan damina ta fara da wuri sosai ko ta ƙare kafin lokaci, amfanin gona na iya kasa samun isasshen ruwa. ### Sauyin yanayi [[Sauyin yanayi]] na iya ƙara tsananin zafi da sauyin ruwan sama. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa arewacin Najeriya yana da babban sauyin ruwan sama, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin fari da ambaliya.<ref name="WorldBankClimate">{{cite web |title=Nigeria: Climate Change and Disaster Risk Screening |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112224155038215/pdf/BOSIB-49277aa9-28d4-4f97-83e9-33ee698d511e.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Hukumar kula da sauyin yanayi ta Najeriya ta kuma bayyana cewa ana sa ran tsananin fari mai tsanani da na musamman zai ƙaru zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni idan aka ci gaba da samun sauyin yanayi.<ref name="ClimateNigeria"/> ### Tsananin zafi Ƙara yawan zafin jiki yana ƙara [[evaporation|ƙafewar ruwa]] daga ƙasa, koguna da tafkuna. Idan zafi ya haɗu da ƙarancin ruwan sama, ƙasa tana bushewa cikin sauri kuma amfanin gona da ciyawar kiwo suna samun ƙarancin ruwa. ### Lalacewar muhalli [[Sare dazuzzuka]], yawan kiwo da lalacewar ƙasa na iya rage ikon ƙasa na riƙe ruwa. Hukumar kula da sauyin yanayi ta Najeriya ta danganta hamadarar ƙasa a yankin Sahel da Sudan Savannah da haɗuwar tsananin zafi, sauyin ruwan sama da fari.<ref name="ClimateNigeria"/> == Jihohin da fari ya fi shafa == Fari na iya shafar jihohin arewa daban-daban gwargwadon shekarar da kuma yanayin ruwan sama. Jihohin arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas da ke cikin yankunan Sahel da Sudan Savannah sun fi fuskantar haɗarin ƙarancin ruwa. Daga cikin jihohin da matsalar fari da ƙarancin ruwa ke iya shafa akwai: * [[Jihar Sokoto|Sokoto]]; * [[Jihar Kebbi|Kebbi]]; * [[Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]; * [[Jihar Katsina|Katsina]]; * [[Jihar Kano|Kano]]; * [[Jihar Jigawa|Jigawa]]; * [[Jihar Yobe|Yobe]]; * [[Jihar Borno|Borno]]; * [[Jihar Bauchi|Bauchi]]; * [[Jihar Gombe|Gombe]]; * [[Jihar Adamawa|Adamawa]]. Wani bincike na FAO kan Sahel Savannah na Najeriya ya yi nazari a kan matsalolin ruwa a wasu al'ummomi a Bauchi, Borno, Jigawa, Katsina da Yobe, inda fari, bushewar rijiyoyi, koguna da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, da rashin daidaiton ruwan sama suka kasance daga cikin matsalolin da aka bayyana.<ref name="FAOSahel">{{cite web |title=Sustainable Water Management tips for Sahel Savannah ecoregion of Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/4/aq098e/aq098e.pdf |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin noma == Noma na daga cikin sassan tattalin arzikin arewacin Najeriya da fari ke shafawa sosai. Yawancin manoma a yankin suna dogaro da ruwan sama. Idan damina ta yi gajarta ko ruwan sama ya yi ƙasa da yadda ake tsammani, amfanin gona na iya kasa kammala girma. Fari na iya haifar da: * ƙarancin amfanin gona; * gazawar amfanin gona; * ƙarancin iri da abinci; * asarar kuɗin manoma; * ƙara farashin abinci; * ƙara dogaro da taimakon jin ƙai. FAO ta bayyana cewa sauyin yanayi da sauran matsaloli suna ƙara haɗarin rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya, yayin da aikin noma ke fuskantar matsalolin yanayi da rashin tabbas.<ref name="FAONigeria">{{cite web |title=Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/emergencies/where-we-work/nga/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin kiwo == Makiyaya suna dogaro da ciyawa da ruwa domin kula da dabbobinsu. Lokacin fari, wuraren kiwo na iya bushewa, kuma rijiyoyi da koguna na iya samun ƙarancin ruwa. Wannan na iya tilasta makiyaya yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren da ake samun ruwa da ciyawa. Matsalar ƙarancin albarkatun ruwa da filayen kiwo na iya ƙara gasa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya a wasu yankuna.<ref name="WorldBankClimate"/> == Tasirin ruwa == Fari na iya rage yawan ruwa a: * rijiyoyi; * koguna; * tafkuna; * madatsun ruwa; * maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa arewacin Najeriya yana fuskantar sauyin samun ruwa, inda lokacin damina zai iya kawo ambaliya yayin da lokacin rani ke kawo ƙarancin ruwa.<ref name="WorldBankWater">{{cite web |title=Nigeria - Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes Project |url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/651961639671634678/pdf/Nigeria-Agro-Climatic-Resilience-in-Semi-Arid-Landscapes-ACReSAL-Project.pdf |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Fari da hamadarar ƙasa == Fari da [[hamadarar ƙasa]] suna da alaƙa, amma ba abu ɗaya ba ne. Fari wani lokaci ne na ƙarancin ruwa da ruwan sama, yayin da hamadarar ƙasa wani tsari ne na dogon lokaci wanda ƙasa mai albarka ke rasa ingancinta a yankunan busassun da rabin-busassun. A arewacin Najeriya, haɗuwar fari, tsananin zafi, sare dazuzzuka da lalacewar ƙasa na iya ƙara saurin hamadarar ƙasa.<ref name="ClimateNigeria"/> == Tasirin muhalli == Fari na iya haifar da: * bushewar tafkuna da koguna; * raguwar ciyayi; * lalacewar ƙasa; * mutuwar dabbobi; * rage yawan kifaye; * ƙara yaduwar hamada; * ƙara ƙura da guguwar ƙura. FAO ta bayyana cewa al'ummomin Sahel Savannah na Najeriya suna fuskantar haɗuwar fari, bushewar rijiyoyi da koguna, rashin daidaiton ruwan sama da sauran matsalolin ruwa.<ref name="FAOSahel"/> == Tasirin lafiyar jama'a == Fari na iya yin tasiri a kan lafiyar jama'a ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Rashin ruwa mai tsafta na iya ƙara haɗarin cututtukan da ake yaɗawa ta ruwa. Ƙarancin abinci kuma na iya ƙara [[tamowa]] musamman tsakanin yara da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ke cikin haɗari. Tsananin zafi da ƙura na iya ƙara matsalolin da suka shafi lafiyar numfashi da sauran matsalolin da ke da alaƙa da yanayi. == Fari da rashin wadatar abinci == Fari na iya ƙara [[rashin wadatar abinci]] saboda yana rage amfanin gona da kuma samar da abincin dabbobi. FAO ta bayyana Najeriya a matsayin ƙasar da ke fuskantar babban matsin lambar rashin wadatar abinci, wanda ke da alaƙa da rikici, sauyin yanayi da sauran matsaloli.<ref name="FAONigeria"/> A arewacin Najeriya, tasirin fari na iya haɗuwa da matsalolin tsaro, hauhawar farashin abinci da ƙarancin samun gonaki. == Fari da ƙaura == Rashin ruwa da ciyawa na iya tilasta manoma da makiyaya yin ƙaura domin neman albarkatun da suka fi kyau. A wasu wurare, ƙaura saboda ƙarancin ruwa da ƙasa mai albarka na iya ƙara matsin lamba kan albarkatun da ake da su. FAO ta lura cewa matsalolin ruwa a Sahel Savannah na Najeriya sun kasance suna da alaƙa da raguwar amfanin gona da kamun kifi, ƙaura da rikice-rikice a wasu al'ummomi.<ref name="FAOSahel"/> == Hasashen fari == Hukumar kula da sauyin yanayi ta Najeriya ta bayyana cewa fari yana maimaituwa musamman a jihohin Sahel, kuma ana sa ran tsananin fari mai tsanani da na musamman zai ƙaru zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni.<ref name="ClimateNigeria"/> Hasashen yanayi yana taimakawa wajen shirya manoma, makiyaya da hukumomin agaji kafin yanayin fari ya tsananta. == Rigakafi da daidaita rayuwa == Matakan rage tasirin fari sun haɗa da: * inganta [[ban ruwa]]; * gina da kula da madatsun ruwa; * adana ruwan sama; * amfani da iri masu jure fari; * dasa bishiyoyi; * rage sare dazuzzuka; * kula da ƙasa; * inganta hanyoyin samun ruwan sha; * samar da wuraren kiwo masu ɗorewa; * inganta hasashen yanayi; * samar da gargadin fari da wuri. Bankin Duniya ya tallafa wa shirye-shiryen da ke ƙarfafa juriyar noma da muhalli a yankunan arewacin Najeriya, ciki har da [[Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes|ACReSAL]].<ref name="WorldBankACReSAL">{{cite web |title=Nigeria - Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes (ACReSAL) Project |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/12/16/nigeria-world-bank-approves-us700-million-to-restore-degraded-landscapes-and-improve-livelihoods-in-northern-nigeria |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ban ruwa == Ban ruwa na iya rage dogaro da ruwan sama wajen noma. A arewacin Najeriya, shirye-shiryen inganta tsarin ban ruwa suna taimakawa manoma wajen samar da amfanin gona a lokacin da ruwan sama bai wadatar ba. Bankin Duniya ya bayyana cewa aikin TRIMING ya inganta tsarin ban ruwa a wasu yankunan Najeriya, inda aka faɗaɗa ban ruwa zuwa dubban kadada na gonaki.<ref name="WorldBankIrrigation">{{cite web |title=How smarter irrigation is changing Nigerian farming |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2025/10/15/how-smarter-irrigation-is-changing-nigerian-farming |publisher=[[World Bank]] |date=15 October 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Manufofin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya tana aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shirye da suka shafi yaƙi da hamadarar ƙasa, kiyaye muhalli da daidaita sauyin yanayi. Dokokin ƙasa kan hamadarar ƙasa da rage tasirin fari sun haɗa da matakan ƙarfafa dasa bishiyoyi, sake farfaɗo da ciyayi da kiyaye wuraren da hamadarar ƙasa ke barazana.<ref name="FAOLEX"/> == Duba kuma == * [[Fari]] * [[Hamadarar ƙasa]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Noma a Najeriya]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] * [[Ambaliyar ruwa a Najeriya]] * [[Sahel]] * [[Arewacin Najeriya]] * [[Agro-Climatic Resilience in Semi-Arid Landscapes]] * [[Kiwon lafiya a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://climatechange.environment.gov.ng/climate-risks Department of Climate Change Nigeria — Climate Risks] * [https://www.fao.org/emergencies/where-we-work/nga/en FAO — Nigeria] * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria World Bank — Nigeria] * [https://www.fao.org/ FAO] [[Category:Fari]] [[Category:Arewacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] [[Category:Hamadara]] [[Category:Noma a Najeriya]] [[Category:Abubuwan muhalli a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kalamun yanayi]] qjs6hekbcxm0hq8f5inb86wvbcl38s2 0 165009 905322 2026-08-20T22:38:00Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox civil conflict | conflict = Rikicin manoma da makiyaya da tasirinsa na jin ƙai a Najeriya | partof = [[Rikicin al'umma a Najeriya]] | date = Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 – yanzu | place = [[Najeriya]], musamman [[Tsakiyar Najeriya|yankin tsakiyar ƙasa]] da wasu sassan arewa | status = Ana ci gaba da samun rikice-rikice lokaci-lokaci | causes = Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da wuraren kiwo; sauyin yanayi; lalacewar muhalli; ƙara yawan jama'a; rashin ingantaccen tsarin kula da al... 905322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civil conflict | conflict = Rikicin manoma da makiyaya da tasirinsa na jin ƙai a Najeriya | partof = [[Rikicin al'umma a Najeriya]] | date = Ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 – yanzu | place = [[Najeriya]], musamman [[Tsakiyar Najeriya|yankin tsakiyar ƙasa]] da wasu sassan arewa | status = Ana ci gaba da samun rikice-rikice lokaci-lokaci | causes = Gasa kan filaye, ruwa da wuraren kiwo; sauyin yanayi; lalacewar muhalli; ƙara yawan jama'a; rashin ingantaccen tsarin kula da albarkatu | result = Mutuwa, raunuka, lalacewar gidaje da gonaki, ƙaura da rashin wadatar abinci | casualties = Dubban mutane sun mutu ko sun ji rauni | displacement = Dubban mutane sun rasa muhallansu }} '''Rikicin manoma da makiyaya da tasirinsa na jin ƙai a Najeriya''' na nufin rikice-rikicen da ke faruwa tsakanin al'ummomin da suka dogara da noma da kuma makiyayan da ke kiwon dabbobi a [[Najeriya]]. Rikicin yana da alaƙa da amfani da [[ƙasa]], samun ruwa, wuraren kiwo da hanyoyin ƙaura na dabbobi. Rikicin ya fi shahara a [[Tsakiyar Najeriya]], amma ana samun irin waɗannan rikice-rikice a wasu sassan arewa da sauran yankunan ƙasar. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta bayyana cewa rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya ya kai matakin rikicin jin ƙai a wasu yankuna, tare da mutuwa da ƙaura daga gidaje.<ref name="UN2020">{{cite web |title=Climate crisis in Nigeria: The UN fosters dialogue between farmers and cattle herders over shrinking land |url=https://nigeria.un.org/en/100849-climate-crisis-nigeria-un-fosters-dialogue-between-farmers-and-cattle-herders-over-shrinking |publisher=[[United Nations]] |date=14 November 2020 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Rikice-rikicen manoma da makiyaya ba sabon abu ba ne a Najeriya. A tarihi, makiyaya suna yin ƙaura ta yanayi domin neman ruwa da ciyawar kiwo, yayin da manoma ke amfani da ƙasa wajen noma. Tsarin ƙaura na gargajiya ya dogara da hanyoyin kiwo, wuraren shan ruwa da yarjejeniyoyin al'umma. Sai dai ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a, faɗaɗa gonaki, birane, sauyin yanayi da lalacewar muhalli sun ƙara matsin lamba kan ƙasa da ruwa.<ref name="IOM2024">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — Transhumance Tracking Tool Report — Early Warning Dashboard 24: Adamawa and Taraba states |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-transhumance-tracking-tool-report-early-warning-dashboard-24-adamawa-and-taraba |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=April 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yanayin rikicin == Rikicin na iya farawa ne daga ƙananan saɓani, kamar: * shigar dabbobi cikin gonaki; * lalacewar amfanin gona; * amfani da wurin shan ruwa; * toshe hanyoyin kiwo; * rikici kan iyakokin ƙasa; * zargin satar dabbobi; * ramuwar gayya bayan wani hari. Wasu rikice-rikicen sun rikide zuwa hare-hare masu ɗauke da makamai, kisan mutane, kona gidaje da ƙaura mai yawa.<ref name="NHRC2020">{{cite web |title=Report on Farmer-Herder Crisis in Middle Belt Nigeria |url=https://www.nigeriarights.gov.ng/activities/report-on-farmer-herder-crisis-in-middle-belt-nigeria.html |publisher=[[National Human Rights Commission (Nigeria)|National Human Rights Commission]] |date=12 November 2020 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Dalilan rikicin == #Gasa kan ƙasa Ƙara yawan gonaki da faɗaɗa matsugunai na iya rage wuraren da ake amfani da su wajen kiwo. A wasu yankuna, hanyoyin da makiyaya suke amfani da su wajen yin ƙaura na iya ratsa gonaki. Hakan na iya haifar da lalacewar amfanin gona da saɓani tsakanin al'ummomi.<ref name="IOM2024"/> # Ruwa da wuraren kiwo Ruwa muhimmin abu ne ga manoma da makiyaya. Lokacin da koguna, rijiyoyi da wuraren kiwo suka bushe, gasa kan ragowar albarkatun ruwa na iya ƙaruwa. IOM ta bayyana cewa ƙarancin ruwan sama, hamadarar ƙasa, sauyin yanayi da gasa kan ƙasar noma da hanyoyin ƙaura suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke ƙara haɗarin rikici a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya.<ref name="IOM2024"/> # Sauyin yanayi [[Sauyin yanayi]] na iya ƙara tsananin zafi da sauyin ruwan sama. A wasu sassan arewa, ƙarancin ruwa da ciyawar kiwo na iya sa makiyaya su ƙara yin ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ke samun ruwa da ciyawa. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta nuna cewa raguwar filayen noma da kiwo da ake danganta ta da canjin yanayi na iya ƙara matsin lamba tsakanin manoma da makiyaya.<ref name="UN2020"/> # Lalacewar muhalli [[Hamadarar ƙasa]], sare dazuzzuka da lalacewar ƙasa na iya rage yawan filayen da ake iya amfani da su wajen noma da kiwo. Wannan na iya ƙara gasa kan albarkatun da suka rage. # Ƙara yawan jama'a Ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a na ƙara buƙatar ƙasa domin gidaje, noma da sauran ayyukan tattalin arziki. IOM ta danganta ƙaruwa a yawan jama'a da ƙarin buƙatar abinci, matsuguni da tsaro, wanda zai iya ƙara gasa kan albarkatun ƙasa.<ref name="IOM2024"/> # Rashin ingantaccen tsarin kula da ƙasa Rashin ingantaccen tsarin mallakar ƙasa, rajistar filaye, hanyoyin kiwo da magance rikici na iya sa ƙananan saɓani su rikide zuwa rikici mai tsanani. == Yankunan da rikicin ya fi shafa == Rikicin manoma da makiyaya ya fi shahara a [[Tsakiyar Najeriya]], musamman a jihohin: * [[Jihar Benue|Benue]]; * [[Jihar Filato|Plateau]]; * [[Jihar Nasarawa|Nasarawa]]; * [[Jihar Taraba|Taraba]]; * [[Jihar Kaduna|Kaduna]]. Ana kuma samun rikice-rikice a wasu sassan arewa maso yamma da arewa maso gabas. A wasu wurare, rikicin manoma da makiyaya yana haɗuwa da wasu matsalolin tsaro kamar [[fashin daji]], satar dabbobi da rikicin ƙungiyoyin makamai.<ref name="EUAA2026">{{cite web |title=Assessment of indiscriminate violence per state: Nigeria |url=https://dip-aws.euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-nigeria/b-assessment-indiscriminate-violence-state |publisher=[[European Union Agency for Asylum]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin jin ƙai == Rikicin ya haifar da manyan matsalolin jin ƙai a wasu al'ummomi. National Human Rights Commission ta bayyana cewa rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Middle Belt ya haifar da: * mutuwar mutane; * raunuka; * ƙaura; * lalacewar hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa; * lalacewar dukiya; * ƙara tashin hankali tsakanin al'ummomi.<ref name="NHRC2020"/> == Mutuwa da raunuka == Hare-haren da suka samo asali daga rikicin na iya haifar da mutuwar fararen hula da kuma raunata mutane. Adadin mutuwar mutane ya bambanta sosai daga shekara zuwa shekara da kuma daga tushe zuwa tushe, saboda bambancin hanyoyin tattara bayanai. Saboda haka, alkaluman mutuwa ya kamata a danganta su da takamaiman lokaci da tushen da ya tattara su. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura na daga cikin manyan tasirin jin ƙai na rikicin. Mutane na iya barin gidajensu saboda tsoron hare-hare ko bayan an lalata gidaje da gonaki. Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu na iya zuwa sansanonin [[mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu|IDP]], wuraren karɓar baƙi ko su zauna tare da 'yan uwa. UN ta bayyana cewa hare-haren da ke da alaƙa da rikicin manoma da makiyaya sun haifar da ƙaura mai yawa daga gidaje.<ref name="UN2020"/> == Lalacewar gidaje da dukiya == Hare-hare na iya lalata: * gidaje; * makarantu; * asibitoci; * kasuwanni; * wuraren ibada; * rijiyoyi; * gonaki; * dabbobi; * kayan noma. Lalacewar dukiya na iya sa mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu su kasa komawa gida cikin gaggawa. == Tasirin noma == Rikicin yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga noma. Manoma na iya kasa zuwa gonakinsu saboda tsoron hare-hare. Haka kuma, kona gonaki ko lalata amfanin gona na iya rage samar da abinci. FAO ta bayyana cewa rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya ya shafi samar da abinci kuma ya ƙara matsalar rashin wadatar abinci da tamowa a wasu al'ummomi.<ref name="FAO2020">{{cite web |title=Thanks to support from FAO and ECHO, households affected by the farmer-herder conflict harvest life-saving meals in northeastern Nigeria |url=https://www.fao.org/emergencies/resources-repository/news/detail/Thanks-to-support-from-FAO-and-ECHO-households-affected-by-the-farmer-herder-conflict-harvest-life-saving-meals-in-northeastern-Nigeria/en |publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin kiwo == Makiyaya ma na iya rasa dabbobi ko wuraren kiwo saboda rikici. Satar dabbobi, kashe dabbobi, hana samun ruwa da rashin samun hanyoyin ƙaura na iya rage arzikin makiyaya. A wasu wurare, makiyaya da suka rasa dabbobinsu na iya rasa babban tushen abin rayuwarsu. == Rashin wadatar abinci == Rikicin na iya ƙara [[rashin wadatar abinci]] ta hanyar rage samar da abinci da hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu. Binciken da aka wallafa a shekarar 2025 ya yi nazari kan tasirin rikicin manoma da makiyaya ga tsaron ɗan Adam a Najeriya, musamman ta fuskar tsaron abinci.<ref name="FoodSecurity2025">{{cite journal |last=Nnam |first=Macpherson Uchenna |title=Violent herder–farmer conflicts and human security in Nigeria: a focus on food security |journal=Development in Practice |date=2025 |doi=10.1080/09614524.2025.2573963 }}</ref> == Tasirin yara == Yara suna cikin mutanen da rikicin ya fi shafa. Rikici na iya: * hana yara zuwa makaranta; * raba yara da iyalansu; * ƙara haɗarin tamowa; * rage samun kulawar lafiya; * ƙara haɗarin cin zarafi; * tilasta iyalai ƙaura. UNICEF tana fitar da rahotannin jin ƙai na musamman kan tasirin rikicin manoma da makiyaya ga yara a Najeriya.<ref name="UNICEF2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Humanitarian Situation Report (Farmer-Herder Conflict), 17 June 2025 |url=https://www.unicef.org/documents/nigeria-humanitarian-situation-report-farmer-herder-conflict-17-june-2025 |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=17 June 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ilimi == Rikici da ƙaura na iya katse karatun yara. Makarantu na iya rufewa saboda rashin tsaro, lalacewar gine-gine ko kuma saboda makarantu sun zama wuraren karɓar mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu. Wannan na iya ƙara yawan yaran da ba sa zuwa makaranta a yankunan da rikicin ya shafa. == Lafiya da abinci mai gina jiki == Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu na iya samun matsalar samun: * ruwa mai tsafta; * abinci; * magunguna; * wuraren kiwon lafiya; * bandakuna; * matsuguni masu aminci. NHRC ta gano matsalolin samun kulawar lafiya da rashin ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki a wasu al'ummomin da rikicin ya shafa.<ref name="NHRC2020"/> == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Rikicin yana iya rage ayyukan tattalin arziki a yankunan karkara. Rufe kasuwanni, lalacewar gonaki, rasa dabbobi da ƙaura na iya rage kuɗin shiga na iyalai. Haka kuma, tsadar tsaro da asarar kayan aiki na iya ƙara nauyin tattalin arziki ga al'ummomi da gwamnati. == Dangantakar kabilanci da addini == A wasu wurare, rikicin manoma da makiyaya ya ɗauki siffofin kabilanci ko na addini. Sai dai ba duk rikicin manoma da makiyaya ba ne rikicin addini ko kabilanci. Dalilan rikicin na iya haɗawa da ƙasa, ruwa, kiwo, siyasa, tattalin arziki da tsaro. Saboda haka, bayanin rikicin a matsayin rikicin addini ko kabilanci kawai na iya ɓoye wasu daga cikin dalilan tattalin arziki da muhalli da ke tattare da shi. == Martanin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya da gwamnatocin jihohi sun yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban wajen magance rikicin. Matakan sun haɗa da: * tura jami'an tsaro; * tattaunawa tsakanin al'ummomi; * sasanci; * tsarin gargadin rikici da wuri; * samar da hanyoyin kiwo; * tallafawa noma da kiwo; * shirye-shiryen sake tsugunar da mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu; * dokokin hana kiwo a fili a wasu jihohi. Tasirin wasu daga cikin waɗannan manufofi ya kasance abin muhawara. == Dokokin hana kiwo == Wasu jihohin Najeriya sun kafa dokokin da ke takaita ko hana kiwo a fili. A [[Jihar Benue|Benue]], an kafa dokar hana kiwo a fili da kuma kafa ranches a shekarar 2017. Wasu masu goyon bayan dokokin sun ce suna kare gonaki da rage lalacewar amfanin gona, yayin da masu adawa da su suka ce takaita zirga-zirgar makiyaya ba tare da samar da madadin kiwo ba na iya ƙara tashin hankali.<ref name="ACAPS2025">{{cite web |title=Conflict dynamics and humanitarian implications in North-East, North-West, and North-Central Nigeria |url=https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20251118_ACAPS_Nigeria_-_Conflict_dynamics_and_humanitarian_implications_in_North_East__North_West__and_North_Central_Nigeria_.pdf |publisher=ACAPS |date=18 November 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Ayyukan jin ƙai == Ƙungiyoyin jin ƙai suna taimaka wa mutanen da rikicin ya shafa ta hanyar samar da: * abinci; * iri da takin zamani; * ruwa; * matsuguni; * kulawar lafiya; * tallafin yara; * tallafin rayuwa. FAO ta tallafa wa gidaje da rikicin ya shafa a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya ta hanyar samar da iri da takin zamani domin taimaka musu su sake noma.<ref name="FAO2020"/> UNICEF kuma tana bibiyar bukatun yara da iyalansu a wuraren da rikicin ya shafa.<ref name="UNICEF2025"/> == Sasanci da zaman lafiya == Sasantawa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya na daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen rage rikici. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta tallafa wa shirye-shiryen tattaunawa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya domin rage tashin hankali da ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwar al'umma.<ref name="UN2020"/> Irin waɗannan shirye-shirye na iya haɗawa da: * kwamitocin zaman lafiya; * tattaunawar al'umma; * tsarin gargadin rikici da wuri; * yarjejeniyoyin amfani da ruwa; * yarjejeniyoyin hanyoyin kiwo; * sasanci tsakanin shugabannin gargajiya. == Kalubale == Manyan ƙalubalen magance rikicin sun haɗa da: * ƙarancin tsaro a yankunan karkara; * rashin daidaiton mallakar ƙasa; * ƙarancin ruwa da wuraren kiwo; * sauyin yanayi; * satar dabbobi; * yaduwar makamai; * rashin hukunta masu aikata laifi; * rashin amincewa tsakanin al'ummomi; * ƙaura mai yawa. == Tasirin dogon lokaci == Idan rikicin ya ci gaba, zai iya haifar da: * ƙarin ƙaura; * raguwar samar da abinci; * ƙarin talauci; * lalacewar ilimi; * raguwar tattalin arzikin karkara; * ƙara rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin al'ummomi; * lalacewar muhalli. == Duba kuma == * [[Rikici tsakanin manoma da makiyaya]] * [[Rikicin al'umma a Najeriya]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Fari a arewacin Najeriya]] * [[Hamadara a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin makiyaya a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin arewa maso gabashin Najeriya]] * [[Boko Haram]] * [[Noma a Najeriya]] * [[Kiwo a Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Benue]] * [[Jihar Filato]] * [[Jihar Taraba]] * [[Jihar Nasarawa]] * [[Jihar Kaduna]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://nigeria.un.org/ Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a Najeriya] * [https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ UNICEF Nigeria] * [https://www.fao.org/emergencies/where-we-work/nga/en FAO — Nigeria] * [https://dtm.iom.int/nigeria IOM Displacement Tracking Matrix — Nigeria] * [https://www.nigeriarights.gov.ng/ National Human Rights Commission of Nigeria] [[Category:Rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen al'umma a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] [[Category:Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikicin jin ƙai a Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Noma a Najeriya]] [[Category:Kiwo a Najeriya]] [[Category:Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] 2xz0ul8j7i90881n0dcw7pq4s5i00ba 0 165010 905323 2026-08-20T22:39:57Z Uskeone 40867 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox civil conflict | conflict = Fashin daji da ƙaura a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya | partof = [[Rikicin makamai a Najeriya]] | date = Kimanin 2010s – yanzu | place = [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] | status = Ana ci gaba da samun hare-hare da ƙaura | causes = Satar shanu, gasa kan albarkatun ƙasa, laifukan ƙungiyoyin makamai, satar mutane domin kuɗin fansa, rashin tsaro da wasu matsalolin tattalin arziki da muhalli | result = Mutuwa, satar mutane, lalacewar dukiy... 905323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civil conflict | conflict = Fashin daji da ƙaura a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya | partof = [[Rikicin makamai a Najeriya]] | date = Kimanin 2010s – yanzu | place = [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] | status = Ana ci gaba da samun hare-hare da ƙaura | causes = Satar shanu, gasa kan albarkatun ƙasa, laifukan ƙungiyoyin makamai, satar mutane domin kuɗin fansa, rashin tsaro da wasu matsalolin tattalin arziki da muhalli | result = Mutuwa, satar mutane, lalacewar dukiya, asarar hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa da ƙaura | casualties = Dubban mutane sun mutu ko sun ji rauni | displacement = Daruruwan dubban mutane sun rasa muhallansu a yankin }} '''Fashin daji da ƙaura a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya''' na nufin rikicin tsaro da jin ƙai da ya shafi hare-haren ƙungiyoyin masu ɗauke da makamai, satar mutane, satar shanu, kwacen dukiya da sauran laifuka a sassan [[Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]]. Rikicin ya fi shafar [[Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]], [[Jihar Katsina|Katsina]], [[Jihar Sokoto|Sokoto]] da [[Jihar Kaduna|Kaduna]], tare da tasiri a wasu jihohin yankin. A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, fashin daji ya zama babban tushen rashin tsaro da ƙaura a yankin. Binciken UNIDIR ya nuna cewa tashin hankalin fashin daji yana shafar hanyoyin samun kuɗin shiga, ilimi da zirga-zirgar al'umma a Katsina, Zamfara da Sokoto.<ref name="UNIDIR2024">{{cite web |title=Banditry Violence in Nigeria’s North West: Insights from Affected Communities |url=https://doi.org/10.37559/MEAC/24/05 |publisher=[[United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research|UNIDIR]] |date=31 July 2024 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Asali da haɓakar rikicin == Fashin daji a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya yana da tushen tarihi da dama, ciki har da [[satar shanu]], rikicin ƙasa da ruwa, rikicin manoma da makiyaya, da kuma samuwar ƙungiyoyin makamai. A wasu yankuna, ƙananan ƙungiyoyin masu satar shanu sun rikide zuwa ƙungiyoyin da ke aiwatar da satar mutane domin kuɗin fansa, karɓar haraji daga al'umma, kwace dabbobi da kai hare-hare kan ƙauyuka.<ref name="ACAPS2025">{{cite web |title=Conflict dynamics and humanitarian implications in North-East, North-West, and North-Central Nigeria |url=https://www.acaps.org/fileadmin/Data_Product/Main_media/20251118_ACAPS_Nigeria_-_Conflict_dynamics_and_humanitarian_implications_in_North_East__North_West__and_North_Central_Nigeria_.pdf |publisher=ACAPS |date=18 November 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Nazarin da aka wallafa kan rikicin ya nuna cewa fashin daji ya ƙaru sosai daga kusan shekarar 2018, musamman a Zamfara da jihohin da ke makwabtaka da ita.<ref name="Okorn2026">{{cite journal |last=Okorn |first=Felix Tabi |title=“We Are All Potential Migrants”: Insecurity, Forced Displacement, and the Remaking of Rural Livelihoods in Northwestern Nigeria, 2018–2025 |journal=Pinisi Journal of Social Science |date=2026 |url=https://ojs.unm.ac.id/pjss/article/view/88263 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Yankunan da abin ya fi shafa == Manyan jihohin da rikicin fashin daji ya fi shafa sun haɗa da: * [[Jihar Zamfara|Zamfara]]; * [[Jihar Katsina|Katsina]]; * [[Jihar Sokoto|Sokoto]]; * [[Jihar Kaduna|Kaduna]]. Haka kuma ana samun tasirin rikicin a [[Jihar Kebbi|Kebbi]] da wasu sassan [[Jihar Niger|Niger]] da [[Jihar Kano|Kano]]. Rahoton IOM na arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya ya haɗa Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto da Zamfara cikin jihohin da aka yi wa nazarin ƙaura da yanayin mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu.<ref name="IOM2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria — North-west and North-central Displacement Report Round 17 |url=https://dtm.iom.int/reports/nigeria-north-west-and-north-central-displacement-report-round-17-july-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |date=July 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Nau'o'in hare-hare == Hare-haren ƙungiyoyin fashin daji sun haɗa da: * [[Satar mutane]] domin kuɗin fansa; * satar shanu; * kai hari kan ƙauyuka; * kashe mutane; * kona gidaje; * kwace dukiya; * hana manoma zuwa gonakinsu; * karɓar kuɗi ko wasu albarkatu daga al'ummomi; * kai hari kan hanyoyi da matafiya. Rahoton ACAPS ya bayyana cewa fashin daji a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya ya rikide daga rikice-rikicen albarkatu da satar shanu zuwa tsarin laifi mai tsari wanda ya haɗa da satar mutane, satar shanu, kwace kuɗi da fashi da makami.<ref name="ACAPS2025"/> == Dalilan rikicin == ### Satar shanu Satar shanu ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka taimaka wajen haɓakar ƙungiyoyin fashin daji. Dabbobi suna da muhimmiyar daraja ga tattalin arzikin karkara, kuma satar shanu na iya jawo ramuwar gayya da ƙarin rikici. ### Rikicin ƙasa da ruwa Gasa kan ƙasa da ruwa na iya ƙara tashin hankali tsakanin manoma, makiyaya da sauran al'ummomi. A wasu wurare, sauyin yanayi da ƙarancin ruwan sama suna ƙara matsin lamba kan albarkatun da ake da su. ### Rashin aikin yi da talauci Rashin damar samun aikin yi da matsalolin tattalin arziki na iya taimakawa wajen samar da yanayin da ƙungiyoyin laifi ke samun sabbin mambobi. Sai dai talauci shi kaɗai ba shi ne dalilin fashin daji ba; rikicin yana da alaƙa da haɗuwar matsalolin tsaro, siyasa, tattalin arziki da muhalli. ### Rashin tsaro da raunin hukumomi A yankunan karkara inda jami'an tsaro da hukumomin gwamnati ba su da isasshen iko, ƙungiyoyin makamai na iya samun damar yin aiki cikin sauƙi. Wannan na iya ba su damar kafa wuraren ɓoye, hana zirga-zirga da tilasta wa al'ummomi biyan kuɗi. == Ƙaura == Ƙaura na daga cikin manyan sakamakon fashin daji. Mutane suna barin gidajensu saboda: * tsoron kashewa; * satar mutane; * kona ƙauyuka; * satar dabbobi; * hana noma; * rashin samun abinci; * rashin tsaro a hanyoyi. IOM ta gano cewa a watan Mayu 2025, mutane miliyan 1,252,042 da suka rasa muhallansu suna cikin jihohi goma na arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya da aka tantance; yawancinsu suna zaune ne a cikin al'ummomin da suka karɓe su maimakon sansanoni.<ref name="IOM2025"/> Ba duk wannan adadin ne sakamakon fashin daji kaɗai ba, domin ƙaura a yankin tana da dalilai da dama, ciki har da rikicin al'umma da sauran nau'o'in tashin hankali. == Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu == Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu saboda fashin daji sukan zauna a: * gidajen 'yan uwa; * al'ummomin da suka karɓe su; * sansanonin [[mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu|IDP]]; * wuraren wucin gadi. UNHCR ta bayyana cewa ƙaura a arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya na ci gaba da ƙaruwa, kuma fashin daji da sauran nau'o'in tashin hankali suna daga cikin abubuwan da ke haddasa ƙaura.<ref name="UNHCR2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Multi-Year Strategy 2023–2025 |url=https://www.unhcr.org/sites/default/files/2025-01/Nigeria%20-%20Strategy%202023%20%E2%80%93%202025_0.pdf |publisher=[[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|UNHCR]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin jin ƙai == Rikicin ya haifar da matsalolin jin ƙai da dama. IOM ta bayyana cewa rikice-rikicen arewa maso yammacin Najeriya suna da alaƙa da ƙaura, rashin abinci, ƙarancin ruwa, rashin matsuguni da sauran buƙatun jin ƙai.<ref name="IOM2024">{{cite web |title=Nigeria Crisis Response Plan 2024–2025 |url=https://crisisresponse.iom.int/response/nigeria-crisis-response-plan-2024-2025 |publisher=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> Manyan tasirin sun haɗa da: * mutuwar fararen hula; * raunuka; * ƙaura; * satar mutane; * lalacewar gidaje; * asarar dabbobi; * asarar gonaki; * ƙarancin abinci; * katsewar ilimi; * rashin samun kiwon lafiya. == Tasirin noma == Fashin daji ya yi tasiri sosai kan noma a yankunan karkara. Manoma da ke tsoron hare-hare na iya kasa zuwa gonakinsu. Wasu ƙungiyoyin makamai kuma suna hana manoma noma ko ɗaukar amfanin gona zuwa kasuwanni. Hakan na iya rage samar da abinci da kuɗin shiga na iyalai. Amnesty International ta bayyana cewa wasu manoman da rikicin ya shafa sun kasa girbe ko kai amfanin gona kasuwa saboda ayyukan ƙungiyoyin fashin daji.<ref name="Amnesty2025">{{cite web |title=Nigeria: Mounting death toll and looming humanitarian crisis amid unchecked attacks by armed groups |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2025/05/nigeria-mounting-death-toll-unchecked-attacks-armed-groups/ |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |date=29 May 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin ilimi == Rashin tsaro ya haifar da katsewar karatun yara a wasu sassan arewacin Najeriya. Makarantu na iya rufewa saboda barazanar hare-hare ko kuma saboda an tilasta wa iyalai ƙaura. UNICEF ta bayyana cewa Katsina, Zamfara da Niger sun fuskanci ƙaruwar tashin hankali, satar mutane da fashin daji, wanda ya tarwatsa rayuwar al'umma kuma ya hana samun ilimi da sauran muhimman ayyuka.<ref name="UNICEF2025">{{cite web |title=The Impact of Insecurity on Access to Education in Katsina, Zamfara, and Niger States |url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/reports/impact-insecurity-access-education-katsina-zamfara-and-niger-states |publisher=[[UNICEF]] |date=July 2025 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Mata da yara == Mata da yara suna fuskantar haɗarin musamman a lokacin ƙaura da zaman gudun hijira. Haɗarin ya haɗa da: * satar mutane; * cin zarafi; * rabuwa da iyali; * rashin abinci; * rashin samun ilimi; * rashin samun kiwon lafiya; * cin zarafin mata. IOM ta yi gargadin cewa mutanen da rikici ya tilasta musu barin gidajensu na iya fuskantar haɗarin cin zarafin jinsi, cin zarafi da fataucin mutane.<ref name="IOM2024"/> == Tasirin tattalin arziki == Fashin daji yana lalata hanyoyin samun abin rayuwa a karkara. Rashin tsaro yana iya hana: * noma; * kiwo; * kasuwanci; * sufuri; * zuwa kasuwanni; * aikin rana. Binciken UNIDIR ya gano cewa fashin daji yana da tasiri kai tsaye kan samun kuɗin shiga da hanyoyin rayuwar al'ummomin da abin ya shafa.<ref name="UNIDIR2024"/> == Satar mutane domin kuɗin fansa == [[Satar mutane]] domin kuɗin fansa ta zama muhimmiyar hanyar samun kuɗi ga wasu ƙungiyoyin fashin daji. Ana iya sace mutane a ƙauyuka, gonaki da kan hanyoyi. Wannan yana haifar da tsoro, rage zirga-zirga da ƙara nauyin tattalin arziki ga iyalai da ke neman kuɗin fansa. == Tasirin kan mata == Mata suna fuskantar haɗarin satar mutane da cin zarafi, musamman a lokacin hare-hare da ƙaura. Rahoton da aka wallafa a shekarar 2026 ya nuna cewa mata sun kasance cikin waɗanda suka fi fuskantar sakamakon ƙaura da rikicin fashin daji a arewa maso yammacin Najeriya.<ref name="TNH2026">{{cite web |title=Women pay the price of surging banditry in northwest Nigeria |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2026/05/27/women-pay-price-surging-banditry-northwest-nigeria |publisher=The New Humanitarian |date=27 May 2026 |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tasirin kan al'ummomin da suka karɓi mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu == Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu sukan dogara da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su. Wannan na iya ƙara buƙatar: * ruwa; * abinci; * gidaje; * makarantu; * asibitoci; * ayyukan yi. Gasar neman albarkatun da ba su da yawa na iya ƙara matsin lamba tsakanin mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu da al'ummomin da suka karɓe su.<ref name="UNHCR2025"/> == Martanin gwamnati == Gwamnatin Najeriya ta yi amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban wajen magance fashin daji, ciki har da: * ayyukan soji; * ayyukan 'yan sanda; * hare-haren sama; * sintiri; * tattaunawa; * shirye-shiryen rage rikici; * tallafin jin ƙai ga mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu. Ayyukan tsaro sun haɗa da ƙoƙarin kwace wuraren da ƙungiyoyin makamai ke amfani da su a dazuzzuka da sauran yankunan karkara. Sai dai hare-haren sun ci gaba a wasu yankuna, kuma rahotanni sun nuna cewa rashin tsaro da ƙarancin damar hukumomin gwamnati a wasu yankunan karkara suna ci gaba da zama ƙalubale.<ref name="EUAA2026">{{cite web |title=Assessment of indiscriminate violence per state: Nigeria |url=https://dip-aws.euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-nigeria/b-assessment-indiscriminate-violence-state |publisher=[[European Union Agency for Asylum|EUAA]] |access-date=20 August 2026 }}</ref> == Tallafin jin ƙai == Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da na Najeriya suna taimaka wa mutanen da rikicin ya shafa. Tallafin ya haɗa da: * abinci; * ruwa; * matsuguni; * kiwon lafiya; * kariyar yara; * tallafin ilimi; * tallafin rayuwa; * taimakon mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu. IOM, UNHCR, UNICEF da sauran hukumomi suna aiki tare da hukumomin Najeriya wajen tantance ƙaura da bukatun mutanen da abin ya shafa.<ref name="IOM2025"/> == Kalubalen tsaro == Ƙungiyoyin fashin daji suna amfani da manyan dazuzzuka da yankunan karkara a matsayin wuraren fakewa. Wannan yana sa gano su da hana hare-hare ya zama ƙalubale ga jami'an tsaro. Wasu rahotanni sun kuma nuna cewa fashin daji yana ƙara haɗuwa da wasu nau'o'in laifuka da rikice-rikice, ciki har da satar mutane, satar shanu da rikicin albarkatun ƙasa.<ref name="ACAPS2025"/> == Fashin daji da sauyin yanayi == [[Sauyin yanayi]] ba shi ne kawai dalilin fashin daji ba, amma ƙarancin ruwan sama, fari da lalacewar muhalli na iya ƙara gasa kan ƙasa da ruwa. IOM ta bayyana cewa rikicin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya yana faruwa ne a cikin yanayin haɗuwar rashin tsaro, rikicin albarkatun ƙasa da matsalolin yanayi kamar fari da ambaliya.<ref name="IOM2024"/> == Adadin mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu == Adadin mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu saboda fashin daji yana canzawa daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. Rahoton IOM na shekarar 2025 ya gano mutane 1,252,042 da suka rasa muhallansu a jihohi goma na arewa maso yamma da arewa ta tsakiya da aka tantance, amma wannan adadi ya haɗa da dalilai daban-daban na ƙaura, ba fashin daji kaɗai ba.<ref name="IOM2025"/> Saboda haka, bai kamata a ɗauki jimillar adadin IDP na yankin a matsayin adadin mutanen da fashin daji kaɗai ya raba da muhallansu ba. == Duba kuma == * [[Fashin daji a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin manoma da makiyaya a Najeriya]] * [[Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu a Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] * [[Rikicin tsaro a Najeriya]] * [[Satar mutane a Najeriya]] * [[Satar shanu]] * [[Rashin wadatar abinci a Najeriya]] * [[Fari a arewacin Najeriya]] * [[Sauyin yanayi a Najeriya]] * [[Jihar Zamfara]] * [[Jihar Katsina]] * [[Jihar Sokoto]] * [[Jihar Kaduna]] == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://dtm.iom.int/nigeria IOM — Displacement Tracking Matrix Nigeria] * [https://www.unhcr.org/ng/ UNHCR Nigeria] * [https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/ UNICEF Nigeria] * [https://www.unidir.org/ UNIDIR] * [https://www.acaps.org/en/countries/nigeria ACAPS — Nigeria] [[Category:Fashin daji a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikicin tsaro a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikice-rikicen makamai a Najeriya]] [[Category:Arewa maso yammacin Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen da suka rasa muhallansu a Najeriya]] [[Category:Rikicin jin ƙai a Najeriya]] [[Category:Satar mutane a Najeriya]] [[Category:Najeriya]] 56s3r2nrb2b1agb9msdymr75es3cehx 0 165011 905332 2026-08-20T22:49:45Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356921285|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]]" 905332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 ga Yulin 1874 - 14 ga Disamba 1927) ta kasance [[Masu kirkira|mai zane]]-zane da mawaki na Jamus, wanda ke aiki a Greenwich Village, New York, daga 1913 zuwa 1923, inda ta nuna kanta ta zama mai rai Dada. An dauke ta daya daga cikin masu zane-zane masu rikitarwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamanin. An buga waƙoƙinta masu tayar da hankali bayan mutuwarta a cikin 2011 a cikin Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven . <ref name="SWEATS">{{Cite book|edition=Suzanne}}</ref> ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta yaba da littafin a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan fasaha na 2011. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elsa Plötz a ranar 12 ga Yulin 1874, <ref name="SWEATS" />:{{Rp|333}} a Swinemünde (yanzu Świnoujście, [[Poland]]), a cikin lardin Pomerania na Jamus, ga Adolf Plötz, masanin gini, da Ida Marie Kleist . Dangantakarta da mahaifinta ba ta da kyau - ta jaddada yadda yake sarrafawa a cikin iyali, da kuma yadda yake da zalunci, duk da haka yana da babban zuciya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Eliza Jane |year=1997 |title=Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i258881 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |doi=10.2307/1358677 |jstor=1358677 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> A cikin fasaharta, ta ba da labarin hanyoyin da tsarin siyasa ke inganta ikon namiji a cikin saitunan iyali, kiyaye Tsarin zamantakewar shugabanci na jihar.<ref name="auto" /> Rashin gamsuwarta da ikon namiji na mahaifinta na iya inganta tsarin mai fafutukar adawa da shugabanci a rayuwa.<ref name="auto" /> A gefe guda, dangantakar da take da ita da mahaifiyarta ta cika da sha'awa - sana'ar mahaifiyarta da ta haɗa da sake amfani da abubuwan da aka samo na iya haifar da amfani da Freytag-Loringhoven na tarkace na titi kuma ta sami abubuwa a cikin ayyukanta.<ref name="auto" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville yayin da take da al'amuran da yawa tare da masu fasaha a Berlin, Munich da Italiya. Ta yi karatun fasaha a Dachau, kusa da Munich . Ta auri masanin gine-ginen Berlin Agusta Endell a cikin aikin gwamnati a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1901, a Berlin, ta zama Elsa Endell . Suna da "dangantaka mai budewa", kuma a cikin 1902 ta shiga cikin soyayya da aboki na Endell, ƙaramin mawaki da mai fassara Felix Paul Greve (wanda daga baya ya tafi da sunan Frederick Philip Grove). Bayan su uku sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Palermo, Sicily a ƙarshen Janairu 1903, auren Endells ya rushe. Sun sake aure a shekara ta 1906. Kodayake rabuwa ta kasance mai zafi, ta sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Endell . A cikin 1906, ita da Greve sun koma Berlin, inda suka yi aure a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1907. A shekara ta 1909, Greve yana cikin matsala mai zurfi ta kudi. Tare da taimakon matarsa, ya kashe kansa kuma ya tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen Yuli 1909. A watan Yulin 1910, Elsa ta bi shi a Amurka, inda suke gudanar da karamin gona a Sparta, Kentucky, ba da nisa da Cincinnati ba. Ba zato ba tsammani Greve ya bar ta a 1911 kuma ya tafi yamma zuwa gonar bonanza kusa da Fargo, North Dakota, da kuma Manitoba a 1912. Babu rubuce-rubuce na saki daga Greve. Elsa ta fara yin samfurin ga masu zane-zane a Cincinnati, kuma ta yi hanyar gabas ta hanyar West Virginia da Philadelphia, sannan ta auri mijinta na uku, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven na Jamus (ɗan Hugo von Freytig-Loringfoven), a watan Nuwamba 1913 a New York. A wannan lokacin Elsa ta fara yin siffofi daga abubuwan da aka samu da kuma watsar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/von-freytag-loringhoven-elsa/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama sananniya a matsayin "Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven". == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Baroness_Von_Freytag_-_Loringhoven_LCCN2014714092.jpg|thumb|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]] A Birnin New York, Freytag-Loringhoven ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar aiki a masana'antar sigari da kuma zama abin koyi ga masu fasaha kamar Louis Bouché, George Biddle, da Theresa Bernstein. Ta bayyana a cikin hotunan Man Ray, George Grantham Bain da sauransu. === Waƙoƙi === [[Fayil:Claude_McRay_(i.e._McKay)_and_Baroness_v._Freytag_(i.e._Von_Freytag-Loringhoven)_LCCN2014714093.tif|thumb|Claude McRay (watau McKay) da Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven]] An ba Freytag-Loringhoven dandamali don waƙarta a cikin The Little Review, inda, tun daga 1918, an nuna aikinta tare da surori na ''Ulysses'' na [[James Joyce]] . Jane Heap ta dauki Freytag-Loringhoven "daida ta farko ta Amurka".Ta kasance farkon majagaba na waka mai sauti, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gammel |first=Irene |last2=Zelazo |first2=Suzanne |date=April 2011 |title='Harpsichords Metallic Howl—': The Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven's Sound Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/448727 |journal=Modernism/Modernity |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=255–271 |doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0033 |s2cid=144154093 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> amma kuma ta yi amfani da ƙirar ƙira, yayin da yawancin abubuwan da ta tsara, kamar "Kissambushed" da "Phalluspistol, " suna gabatar da ƙananan waƙoƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙinta ba a buga su ba har sai an buga su na Body Sweats . Editanta, wakilin wallafe-wallafen, mai haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kuma masoyi Djuna Barnes sun adana takardun sirri bayan mutuwarta. Jami'ar Maryland Library ta sami tarin ayyukanta tare da takardun Barnes a 1973 kuma daga baya ta raba takardun von Freytag-Lorninghoven kuma ta bi da su a matsayin tarin mutum. Tarin ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, waƙoƙi na gani, da sauran ayyukan fasaha / wallafe-wallafen da mai zane ya yi. Jami'ar Maryland ta musamman tarin yana da wani m dijital archive na ta hannu rubuce-rubuce.<ref name="UM archive" /> === Manazarta === 9e45b2w4nm8tiy0n3dei14zzrnbvgwh 905333 905332 2026-08-20T22:50:11Z Usman saadu 46863 905333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 ga Yulin 1874 - 14 ga Disamba 1927) ta kasance [[Masu kirkira|mai zane]]-zane da mawaki na Jamus, wanda ke aiki a Greenwich Village, New York, daga 1913 zuwa 1923, inda ta nuna kanta ta zama mai rai Dada. An dauke ta daya daga cikin masu zane-zane masu rikitarwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamanin. An buga waƙoƙinta masu tayar da hankali bayan mutuwarta a cikin 2011 a cikin Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven . <ref name="SWEATS">{{Cite book|edition=Suzanne}}</ref> ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta yaba da littafin a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan fasaha na 2011. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elsa Plötz a ranar 12 ga Yulin 1874, <ref name="SWEATS" />:{{Rp|333}} a Swinemünde (yanzu Świnoujście, [[Poland]]), a cikin lardin Pomerania na Jamus, ga Adolf Plötz, masanin gini, da Ida Marie Kleist . Dangantakarta da mahaifinta ba ta da kyau - ta jaddada yadda yake sarrafawa a cikin iyali, da kuma yadda yake da zalunci, duk da haka yana da babban zuciya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Eliza Jane |year=1997 |title=Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i258881 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |doi=10.2307/1358677 |jstor=1358677 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> A cikin fasaharta, ta ba da labarin hanyoyin da tsarin siyasa ke inganta ikon namiji a cikin saitunan iyali, kiyaye Tsarin zamantakewar shugabanci na jihar.<ref name="auto" /> Rashin gamsuwarta da ikon namiji na mahaifinta na iya inganta tsarin mai fafutukar adawa da shugabanci a rayuwa.<ref name="auto" /> A gefe guda, dangantakar da take da ita da mahaifiyarta ta cika da sha'awa - sana'ar mahaifiyarta da ta haɗa da sake amfani da abubuwan da aka samo na iya haifar da amfani da Freytag-Loringhoven na tarkace na titi kuma ta sami abubuwa a cikin ayyukanta.<ref name="auto" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville yayin da take da al'amuran da yawa tare da masu fasaha a Berlin, Munich da Italiya. Ta yi karatun fasaha a Dachau, kusa da Munich . Ta auri masanin gine-ginen Berlin Agusta Endell a cikin aikin gwamnati a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1901, a Berlin, ta zama Elsa Endell . Suna da "dangantaka mai budewa", kuma a cikin 1902 ta shiga cikin soyayya da aboki na Endell, ƙaramin mawaki da mai fassara Felix Paul Greve (wanda daga baya ya tafi da sunan Frederick Philip Grove). Bayan su uku sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Palermo, Sicily a ƙarshen Janairu 1903, auren Endells ya rushe. Sun sake aure a shekara ta 1906. Kodayake rabuwa ta kasance mai zafi, ta sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Endell . A cikin 1906, ita da Greve sun koma Berlin, inda suka yi aure a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1907. A shekara ta 1909, Greve yana cikin matsala mai zurfi ta kudi. Tare da taimakon matarsa, ya kashe kansa kuma ya tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen Yuli 1909. A watan Yulin 1910, Elsa ta bi shi a Amurka, inda suke gudanar da karamin gona a Sparta, Kentucky, ba da nisa da Cincinnati ba. Ba zato ba tsammani Greve ya bar ta a 1911 kuma ya tafi yamma zuwa gonar bonanza kusa da Fargo, North Dakota, da kuma Manitoba a 1912. Babu rubuce-rubuce na saki daga Greve. Elsa ta fara yin samfurin ga masu zane-zane a Cincinnati, kuma ta yi hanyar gabas ta hanyar West Virginia da Philadelphia, sannan ta auri mijinta na uku, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven na Jamus (ɗan Hugo von Freytig-Loringfoven), a watan Nuwamba 1913 a New York. A wannan lokacin Elsa ta fara yin siffofi daga abubuwan da aka samu da kuma watsar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/von-freytag-loringhoven-elsa/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama sananniya a matsayin "Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven". == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Baroness_Von_Freytag_-_Loringhoven_LCCN2014714092.jpg|thumb|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]] A Birnin New York, Freytag-Loringhoven ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar aiki a masana'antar sigari da kuma zama abin koyi ga masu fasaha kamar Louis Bouché, George Biddle, da Theresa Bernstein. Ta bayyana a cikin hotunan Man Ray, George Grantham Bain da sauransu. === Waƙoƙi === [[Fayil:Claude_McRay_(i.e._McKay)_and_Baroness_v._Freytag_(i.e._Von_Freytag-Loringhoven)_LCCN2014714093.tif|thumb|Claude McRay (watau McKay) da Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven]] An ba Freytag-Loringhoven dandamali don waƙarta a cikin The Little Review, inda, tun daga 1918, an nuna aikinta tare da surori na ''Ulysses'' na [[James Joyce]] . Jane Heap ta dauki Freytag-Loringhoven "daida ta farko ta Amurka".Ta kasance farkon majagaba na waka mai sauti, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gammel |first=Irene |last2=Zelazo |first2=Suzanne |date=April 2011 |title='Harpsichords Metallic Howl—': The Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven's Sound Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/448727 |journal=Modernism/Modernity |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=255–271 |doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0033 |s2cid=144154093 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> amma kuma ta yi amfani da ƙirar ƙira, yayin da yawancin abubuwan da ta tsara, kamar "Kissambushed" da "Phalluspistol, " suna gabatar da ƙananan waƙoƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙinta ba a buga su ba har sai an buga su na Body Sweats . Editanta, wakilin wallafe-wallafen, mai haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kuma masoyi Djuna Barnes sun adana takardun sirri bayan mutuwarta. Jami'ar Maryland Library ta sami tarin ayyukanta tare da takardun Barnes a 1973 kuma daga baya ta raba takardun von Freytag-Lorninghoven kuma ta bi da su a matsayin tarin mutum. Tarin ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, waƙoƙi na gani, da sauran ayyukan fasaha / wallafe-wallafen da mai zane ya yi. Jami'ar Maryland ta musamman tarin yana da wani m dijital archive na ta hannu rubuce-rubuce.<ref name="UM archive" /> === Manazarta === 0wd4dwgxwanqlk5q2k1thrq9tyqifm3 905334 905333 2026-08-20T22:50:47Z Usman saadu 46863 905334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 ga watan Yulin a shekara ta 1874 - 14 ga Disamba 1927) ta kasance [[Masu kirkira|mai zane]]-zane da mawaki na Jamus, wanda ke aiki a Greenwich Village, New York, daga 1913 zuwa 1923, inda ta nuna kanta ta zama mai rai Dada. An dauke ta daya daga cikin masu zane-zane masu rikitarwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamanin. An buga waƙoƙinta masu tayar da hankali bayan mutuwarta a cikin 2011 a cikin Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven . <ref name="SWEATS">{{Cite book|edition=Suzanne}}</ref> ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta yaba da littafin a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan fasaha na 2011. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elsa Plötz a ranar 12 ga Yulin 1874, <ref name="SWEATS" />:{{Rp|333}} a Swinemünde (yanzu Świnoujście, [[Poland]]), a cikin lardin Pomerania na Jamus, ga Adolf Plötz, masanin gini, da Ida Marie Kleist . Dangantakarta da mahaifinta ba ta da kyau - ta jaddada yadda yake sarrafawa a cikin iyali, da kuma yadda yake da zalunci, duk da haka yana da babban zuciya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Eliza Jane |year=1997 |title=Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i258881 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |doi=10.2307/1358677 |jstor=1358677 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> A cikin fasaharta, ta ba da labarin hanyoyin da tsarin siyasa ke inganta ikon namiji a cikin saitunan iyali, kiyaye Tsarin zamantakewar shugabanci na jihar.<ref name="auto" /> Rashin gamsuwarta da ikon namiji na mahaifinta na iya inganta tsarin mai fafutukar adawa da shugabanci a rayuwa.<ref name="auto" /> A gefe guda, dangantakar da take da ita da mahaifiyarta ta cika da sha'awa - sana'ar mahaifiyarta da ta haɗa da sake amfani da abubuwan da aka samo na iya haifar da amfani da Freytag-Loringhoven na tarkace na titi kuma ta sami abubuwa a cikin ayyukanta.<ref name="auto" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville yayin da take da al'amuran da yawa tare da masu fasaha a Berlin, Munich da Italiya. Ta yi karatun fasaha a Dachau, kusa da Munich . Ta auri masanin gine-ginen Berlin Agusta Endell a cikin aikin gwamnati a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1901, a Berlin, ta zama Elsa Endell . Suna da "dangantaka mai budewa", kuma a cikin 1902 ta shiga cikin soyayya da aboki na Endell, ƙaramin mawaki da mai fassara Felix Paul Greve (wanda daga baya ya tafi da sunan Frederick Philip Grove). Bayan su uku sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Palermo, Sicily a ƙarshen Janairu 1903, auren Endells ya rushe. Sun sake aure a shekara ta 1906. Kodayake rabuwa ta kasance mai zafi, ta sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Endell . A cikin 1906, ita da Greve sun koma Berlin, inda suka yi aure a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1907. A shekara ta 1909, Greve yana cikin matsala mai zurfi ta kudi. Tare da taimakon matarsa, ya kashe kansa kuma ya tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen Yuli 1909. A watan Yulin 1910, Elsa ta bi shi a Amurka, inda suke gudanar da karamin gona a Sparta, Kentucky, ba da nisa da Cincinnati ba. Ba zato ba tsammani Greve ya bar ta a 1911 kuma ya tafi yamma zuwa gonar bonanza kusa da Fargo, North Dakota, da kuma Manitoba a 1912. Babu rubuce-rubuce na saki daga Greve. Elsa ta fara yin samfurin ga masu zane-zane a Cincinnati, kuma ta yi hanyar gabas ta hanyar West Virginia da Philadelphia, sannan ta auri mijinta na uku, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven na Jamus (ɗan Hugo von Freytig-Loringfoven), a watan Nuwamba 1913 a New York. A wannan lokacin Elsa ta fara yin siffofi daga abubuwan da aka samu da kuma watsar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/von-freytag-loringhoven-elsa/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama sananniya a matsayin "Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven". == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Baroness_Von_Freytag_-_Loringhoven_LCCN2014714092.jpg|thumb|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]] A Birnin New York, Freytag-Loringhoven ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar aiki a masana'antar sigari da kuma zama abin koyi ga masu fasaha kamar Louis Bouché, George Biddle, da Theresa Bernstein. Ta bayyana a cikin hotunan Man Ray, George Grantham Bain da sauransu. === Waƙoƙi === [[Fayil:Claude_McRay_(i.e._McKay)_and_Baroness_v._Freytag_(i.e._Von_Freytag-Loringhoven)_LCCN2014714093.tif|thumb|Claude McRay (watau McKay) da Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven]] An ba Freytag-Loringhoven dandamali don waƙarta a cikin The Little Review, inda, tun daga 1918, an nuna aikinta tare da surori na ''Ulysses'' na [[James Joyce]] . Jane Heap ta dauki Freytag-Loringhoven "daida ta farko ta Amurka".Ta kasance farkon majagaba na waka mai sauti, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gammel |first=Irene |last2=Zelazo |first2=Suzanne |date=April 2011 |title='Harpsichords Metallic Howl—': The Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven's Sound Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/448727 |journal=Modernism/Modernity |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=255–271 |doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0033 |s2cid=144154093 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> amma kuma ta yi amfani da ƙirar ƙira, yayin da yawancin abubuwan da ta tsara, kamar "Kissambushed" da "Phalluspistol, " suna gabatar da ƙananan waƙoƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙinta ba a buga su ba har sai an buga su na Body Sweats . Editanta, wakilin wallafe-wallafen, mai haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kuma masoyi Djuna Barnes sun adana takardun sirri bayan mutuwarta. Jami'ar Maryland Library ta sami tarin ayyukanta tare da takardun Barnes a 1973 kuma daga baya ta raba takardun von Freytag-Lorninghoven kuma ta bi da su a matsayin tarin mutum. Tarin ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, waƙoƙi na gani, da sauran ayyukan fasaha / wallafe-wallafen da mai zane ya yi. Jami'ar Maryland ta musamman tarin yana da wani m dijital archive na ta hannu rubuce-rubuce.<ref name="UM archive" /> === Manazarta === ig84mfnl4asl6vjsyo0rpamtp3ee0en 905335 905334 2026-08-20T22:51:38Z Usman saadu 46863 905335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 ga watan Yulin a shekara ta 1874 - 14 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1927) ta kasance [[Masu kirkira|mai zane]]-zane da mawaki na Jamus, wanda ke aiki a Greenwich Village, New York, daga 1913 zuwa 1923, inda ta nuna kanta ta zama mai rai Dada. An dauke ta daya daga cikin masu zane-zane masu rikitarwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamanin. An buga waƙoƙinta masu tayar da hankali bayan mutuwarta a cikin 2011 a cikin Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven . <ref name="SWEATS">{{Cite book|edition=Suzanne}}</ref> ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta yaba da littafin a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan fasaha na 2011. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elsa Plötz a ranar 12 ga Yulin 1874, <ref name="SWEATS" />:{{Rp|333}} a Swinemünde (yanzu Świnoujście, [[Poland]]), a cikin lardin Pomerania na Jamus, ga Adolf Plötz, masanin gini, da Ida Marie Kleist . Dangantakarta da mahaifinta ba ta da kyau - ta jaddada yadda yake sarrafawa a cikin iyali, da kuma yadda yake da zalunci, duk da haka yana da babban zuciya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Eliza Jane |year=1997 |title=Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i258881 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |doi=10.2307/1358677 |jstor=1358677 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> A cikin fasaharta, ta ba da labarin hanyoyin da tsarin siyasa ke inganta ikon namiji a cikin saitunan iyali, kiyaye Tsarin zamantakewar shugabanci na jihar.<ref name="auto" /> Rashin gamsuwarta da ikon namiji na mahaifinta na iya inganta tsarin mai fafutukar adawa da shugabanci a rayuwa.<ref name="auto" /> A gefe guda, dangantakar da take da ita da mahaifiyarta ta cika da sha'awa - sana'ar mahaifiyarta da ta haɗa da sake amfani da abubuwan da aka samo na iya haifar da amfani da Freytag-Loringhoven na tarkace na titi kuma ta sami abubuwa a cikin ayyukanta.<ref name="auto" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville yayin da take da al'amuran da yawa tare da masu fasaha a Berlin, Munich da Italiya. Ta yi karatun fasaha a Dachau, kusa da Munich . Ta auri masanin gine-ginen Berlin Agusta Endell a cikin aikin gwamnati a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1901, a Berlin, ta zama Elsa Endell . Suna da "dangantaka mai budewa", kuma a cikin 1902 ta shiga cikin soyayya da aboki na Endell, ƙaramin mawaki da mai fassara Felix Paul Greve (wanda daga baya ya tafi da sunan Frederick Philip Grove). Bayan su uku sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Palermo, Sicily a ƙarshen Janairu 1903, auren Endells ya rushe. Sun sake aure a shekara ta 1906. Kodayake rabuwa ta kasance mai zafi, ta sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Endell . A cikin 1906, ita da Greve sun koma Berlin, inda suka yi aure a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1907. A shekara ta 1909, Greve yana cikin matsala mai zurfi ta kudi. Tare da taimakon matarsa, ya kashe kansa kuma ya tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen Yuli 1909. A watan Yulin 1910, Elsa ta bi shi a Amurka, inda suke gudanar da karamin gona a Sparta, Kentucky, ba da nisa da Cincinnati ba. Ba zato ba tsammani Greve ya bar ta a 1911 kuma ya tafi yamma zuwa gonar bonanza kusa da Fargo, North Dakota, da kuma Manitoba a 1912. Babu rubuce-rubuce na saki daga Greve. Elsa ta fara yin samfurin ga masu zane-zane a Cincinnati, kuma ta yi hanyar gabas ta hanyar West Virginia da Philadelphia, sannan ta auri mijinta na uku, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven na Jamus (ɗan Hugo von Freytig-Loringfoven), a watan Nuwamba 1913 a New York. A wannan lokacin Elsa ta fara yin siffofi daga abubuwan da aka samu da kuma watsar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/von-freytag-loringhoven-elsa/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama sananniya a matsayin "Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven". == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Baroness_Von_Freytag_-_Loringhoven_LCCN2014714092.jpg|thumb|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]] A Birnin New York, Freytag-Loringhoven ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar aiki a masana'antar sigari da kuma zama abin koyi ga masu fasaha kamar Louis Bouché, George Biddle, da Theresa Bernstein. Ta bayyana a cikin hotunan Man Ray, George Grantham Bain da sauransu. === Waƙoƙi === [[Fayil:Claude_McRay_(i.e._McKay)_and_Baroness_v._Freytag_(i.e._Von_Freytag-Loringhoven)_LCCN2014714093.tif|thumb|Claude McRay (watau McKay) da Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven]] An ba Freytag-Loringhoven dandamali don waƙarta a cikin The Little Review, inda, tun daga 1918, an nuna aikinta tare da surori na ''Ulysses'' na [[James Joyce]] . Jane Heap ta dauki Freytag-Loringhoven "daida ta farko ta Amurka".Ta kasance farkon majagaba na waka mai sauti, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gammel |first=Irene |last2=Zelazo |first2=Suzanne |date=April 2011 |title='Harpsichords Metallic Howl—': The Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven's Sound Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/448727 |journal=Modernism/Modernity |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=255–271 |doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0033 |s2cid=144154093 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> amma kuma ta yi amfani da ƙirar ƙira, yayin da yawancin abubuwan da ta tsara, kamar "Kissambushed" da "Phalluspistol, " suna gabatar da ƙananan waƙoƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙinta ba a buga su ba har sai an buga su na Body Sweats . Editanta, wakilin wallafe-wallafen, mai haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kuma masoyi Djuna Barnes sun adana takardun sirri bayan mutuwarta. Jami'ar Maryland Library ta sami tarin ayyukanta tare da takardun Barnes a 1973 kuma daga baya ta raba takardun von Freytag-Lorninghoven kuma ta bi da su a matsayin tarin mutum. Tarin ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, waƙoƙi na gani, da sauran ayyukan fasaha / wallafe-wallafen da mai zane ya yi. Jami'ar Maryland ta musamman tarin yana da wani m dijital archive na ta hannu rubuce-rubuce.<ref name="UM archive" /> === Manazarta === dczdgo1fgposyftfbhiwtztq9bkz8la 905336 905335 2026-08-20T22:52:14Z Usman saadu 46863 905336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elsa Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven''' (née Else Hildegard Plötz; 12 ga watan Yulin a shekara ta 1874 - 14 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta 1927) ta kasance [[Masu kirkira|mai zane]]-zane da mawaki na Jamus, wanda ke aiki a Greenwich Village, New York, daga 1913 zuwa 1923, inda ta nuna kanta ta zama mai rai Dada. An dauke ta daya daga cikin masu zane-zane masu rikitarwa da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na zamanin. An buga waƙoƙinta masu tayar da hankali bayan mutuwarta a cikin 2011 a cikin Body Sweats: The Uncensored Writings of Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven . <ref name="SWEATS">{{Cite book|edition=Suzanne}}</ref> ''Jaridar New York Times'' ta yaba da littafin a matsayin daya daga cikin sanannun littattafan fasaha na 2011. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Elsa Plötz a ranar 12 ga watan Yulin a shekara ta 1874, <ref name="SWEATS" />:{{Rp|333}} a Swinemünde (yanzu Świnoujście, [[Poland]]), a cikin lardin Pomerania na Jamus, ga Adolf Plötz, masanin gini, da Ida Marie Kleist . Dangantakarta da mahaifinta ba ta da kyau - ta jaddada yadda yake sarrafawa a cikin iyali, da kuma yadda yake da zalunci, duk da haka yana da babban zuciya.<ref name="auto">{{Cite journal |last=Reilly |first=Eliza Jane |year=1997 |title=Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/i258881 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=26–33 |doi=10.2307/1358677 |jstor=1358677 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> A cikin fasaharta, ta ba da labarin hanyoyin da tsarin siyasa ke inganta ikon namiji a cikin saitunan iyali, kiyaye Tsarin zamantakewar shugabanci na jihar.<ref name="auto" /> Rashin gamsuwarta da ikon namiji na mahaifinta na iya inganta tsarin mai fafutukar adawa da shugabanci a rayuwa.<ref name="auto" /> A gefe guda, dangantakar da take da ita da mahaifiyarta ta cika da sha'awa - sana'ar mahaifiyarta da ta haɗa da sake amfani da abubuwan da aka samo na iya haifar da amfani da Freytag-Loringhoven na tarkace na titi kuma ta sami abubuwa a cikin ayyukanta.<ref name="auto" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na vaudeville yayin da take da al'amuran da yawa tare da masu fasaha a Berlin, Munich da Italiya. Ta yi karatun fasaha a Dachau, kusa da Munich . Ta auri masanin gine-ginen Berlin Agusta Endell a cikin aikin gwamnati a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1901, a Berlin, ta zama Elsa Endell . Suna da "dangantaka mai budewa", kuma a cikin 1902 ta shiga cikin soyayya da aboki na Endell, ƙaramin mawaki da mai fassara Felix Paul Greve (wanda daga baya ya tafi da sunan Frederick Philip Grove). Bayan su uku sun yi tafiya tare zuwa Palermo, Sicily a ƙarshen Janairu 1903, auren Endells ya rushe. Sun sake aure a shekara ta 1906. Kodayake rabuwa ta kasance mai zafi, ta sadaukar da waƙoƙi da yawa ga Endell . A cikin 1906, ita da Greve sun koma Berlin, inda suka yi aure a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 1907. A shekara ta 1909, Greve yana cikin matsala mai zurfi ta kudi. Tare da taimakon matarsa, ya kashe kansa kuma ya tashi zuwa Arewacin Amurka a ƙarshen Yuli 1909. A watan Yulin 1910, Elsa ta bi shi a Amurka, inda suke gudanar da karamin gona a Sparta, Kentucky, ba da nisa da Cincinnati ba. Ba zato ba tsammani Greve ya bar ta a 1911 kuma ya tafi yamma zuwa gonar bonanza kusa da Fargo, North Dakota, da kuma Manitoba a 1912. Babu rubuce-rubuce na saki daga Greve. Elsa ta fara yin samfurin ga masu zane-zane a Cincinnati, kuma ta yi hanyar gabas ta hanyar West Virginia da Philadelphia, sannan ta auri mijinta na uku, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven na Jamus (ɗan Hugo von Freytig-Loringfoven), a watan Nuwamba 1913 a New York. A wannan lokacin Elsa ta fara yin siffofi daga abubuwan da aka samu da kuma watsar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven |url=https://www.theartstory.org/artist/von-freytag-loringhoven-elsa/ |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama sananniya a matsayin "Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven". == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Baroness_Von_Freytag_-_Loringhoven_LCCN2014714092.jpg|thumb|Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven]] A Birnin New York, Freytag-Loringhoven ta tallafa wa kanta ta hanyar aiki a masana'antar sigari da kuma zama abin koyi ga masu fasaha kamar Louis Bouché, George Biddle, da Theresa Bernstein. Ta bayyana a cikin hotunan Man Ray, George Grantham Bain da sauransu. === Waƙoƙi === [[Fayil:Claude_McRay_(i.e._McKay)_and_Baroness_v._Freytag_(i.e._Von_Freytag-Loringhoven)_LCCN2014714093.tif|thumb|Claude McRay (watau McKay) da Baroness von Freytag-Loringhoven]] An ba Freytag-Loringhoven dandamali don waƙarta a cikin The Little Review, inda, tun daga 1918, an nuna aikinta tare da surori na ''Ulysses'' na [[James Joyce]] . Jane Heap ta dauki Freytag-Loringhoven "daida ta farko ta Amurka".Ta kasance farkon majagaba na waka mai sauti, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gammel |first=Irene |last2=Zelazo |first2=Suzanne |date=April 2011 |title='Harpsichords Metallic Howl—': The Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven's Sound Poetry |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/448727 |journal=Modernism/Modernity |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=255–271 |doi=10.1353/mod.2011.0033 |s2cid=144154093 |url-access=subscription |access-date=April 24, 2021}}</ref> amma kuma ta yi amfani da ƙirar ƙira, yayin da yawancin abubuwan da ta tsara, kamar "Kissambushed" da "Phalluspistol, " suna gabatar da ƙananan waƙoƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙinta ba a buga su ba har sai an buga su na Body Sweats . Editanta, wakilin wallafe-wallafen, mai haɗin gwiwar fasaha, da kuma masoyi Djuna Barnes sun adana takardun sirri bayan mutuwarta. Jami'ar Maryland Library ta sami tarin ayyukanta tare da takardun Barnes a 1973 kuma daga baya ta raba takardun von Freytag-Lorninghoven kuma ta bi da su a matsayin tarin mutum. Tarin ya ƙunshi wasiƙu, waƙoƙi na gani, da sauran ayyukan fasaha / wallafe-wallafen da mai zane ya yi. Jami'ar Maryland ta musamman tarin yana da wani m dijital archive na ta hannu rubuce-rubuce.<ref name="UM archive" /> === Manazarta === ls3cgc39lzskmpkjzc32rbvfy783na0 0 165012 905385 2026-08-21T05:31:18Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1169309950|Pia Stadtbäumer]]" 905385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pia Stadtbäumer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a Münster) ƴar Jamus ce. Stadtbäumer an san ta da zane-zane na ainihi. Stadtbäumer ya shiga Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Düsseldorf a shekarar 1981. Ana yin siffofinta ne ta hanyar zuba albasa ko filastik a cikin gyare-gyare. Ta fi son yin aiki daga hotuna maimakon samfuran rayuwa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] k55t9nyo7qpli9s2e83amr3ddl21roc 905386 905385 2026-08-21T05:31:38Z Nnamadee 31123 905386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pia Stadtbäumer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a Münster) ƴar Jamus ce. Stadtbäumer an san ta da zane-zane na ainihi. Stadtbäumer ya shiga Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Düsseldorf a shekarar 1981. Ana yin siffofinta ne ta hanyar zuba albasa ko filastik a cikin gyare-gyare. Ta fi son yin aiki daga hotuna maimakon samfuran rayuwa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 7430l0hg8xnfu37agnkpz3vife6n32l 905387 905386 2026-08-21T05:32:19Z Nnamadee 31123 905387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pia Stadtbäumer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a Münster) ƴar Jamus ce. Stadtbäumer an san ta da zane-zane na ainihi.<ref>Von Wiensowski, Ingeborg (31 January 2000). "Pia Stadtbäumer". ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 2012-04-04.</ref> Stadtbäumer ya shiga Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Düsseldorf a shekarar 1981. Ana yin siffofinta ne ta hanyar zuba albasa ko filastik a cikin gyare-gyare. Ta fi son yin aiki daga hotuna maimakon samfuran rayuwa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 8aobf63oa1gzyre9jtgp6z6lzx6edyn 905388 905387 2026-08-21T05:32:29Z Nnamadee 31123 905388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pia Stadtbäumer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a Münster) ƴar Jamus ce. Stadtbäumer an san ta da zane-zane na ainihi.<ref name=":0">Von Wiensowski, Ingeborg (31 January 2000). "Pia Stadtbäumer". ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 2012-04-04.</ref> Stadtbäumer ya shiga Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Düsseldorf a shekarar 1981. Ana yin siffofinta ne ta hanyar zuba albasa ko filastik a cikin gyare-gyare. Ta fi son yin aiki daga hotuna maimakon samfuran rayuwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] s7jh9fsn3fed6zcoxnfgi40qc7slyd0 905430 905388 2026-08-21T06:18:33Z Baffa ali 47435 905430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pia Stadtbäumer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1959 a Münster) ƴar Jamus ce. Stadtbäumer an san ta da zane-zane na ainihi.<ref name=":0">Von Wiensowski, Ingeborg (31 January 2000). "Pia Stadtbäumer". ''Der Spiegel''. Retrieved 2012-04-04.</ref> Stadtbäumer ya shiga Kwalejin Fine Arts ta Düsseldorf a shekarar 1981. Ana yin siffofinta ne ta hanyar zuba albasa ko filastik a cikin gyare-gyare. Ta fi son yin aiki daga hotuna maimako na samfuran rayuwar ta.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] lcitouez12j0sss5i7mqxc9mj7syt8l 0 165013 905389 2026-08-21T05:33:48Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346138228|Hermine Stilke]]" 905389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:HermineStilke.jpg|thumb|348x348px|''Hoton Hermine Stilke'', zane bayan hoton da Karl Ferdinand Sohn, Theodor Hildebrandt, da Karl Friedrich Lessing suka zana tare]] '''Sophia Hermine Stilke''', née ''Sophia Hermine Peipers'' (3 Maris 1804 a Eupen - 23 Mayu 1869 a [[Berlin]]), ta kasance mai zane-zane da kuma mai zane na Makarantar Düsseldorf. == Rayuwa == Sophia Hermine ita ce ta biyu ta Catharina Gertrudis, née Peltzer, da kuma mai yin dyer da wuka Johann Peter Jacob Peipers . Ma'auratan maza biyu da 'ya'ya mata uku, waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 1802 da 1811, sun haɗa da mai zane-zane da mai zane Friedrich Eugen Peipers.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Prepayment certificates website closed on 16 November |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2014.20067137 |journal=The Pharmaceutical Journal |doi=10.1211/pj.2014.20067137 |issn=2053-6186 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>  Hermine ta yi karatun zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Düsseldorf . Bayan da farko ta gwada zane-zanen tarihi, sai ta sauya zuwa zane-zanensa da furanni, wanda ''Blatter für literarischen nishaɗi'' ya yaba mata a 1837 da kuma masanin tarihin fasaha Georg Kaspar Nagler a 1847.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=39301, 1879-05-08, FLEISCHMANN (E.A.), Munich |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7886_asc-39301 |doi=10.1163/2210-7886_asc-39301 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-07-04}}</ref>  A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 1832 ta auri mai zane-zane na tarihi Hermann Stilke (1803-1860), ɗalibin Peter von Cornelius . Dan ma'auratan shi ne mai bugawa daga baya Georg Stilke, wanda aka haifa a 1840. Ta tafi Berlin tare da iyalinta a 1850, inda ta gudanar da makarantar zane mai zaman kanta. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta ita ce Marie Remy . Ernst Förster ya nuna Hermine Stilke a cikin fensir a kan takarda a cikin hoton hanci. Haka kuma ya yaba da furanni da kayan ado na kan iyaka a 1860 a matsayin salon, mahimmanci, kuma ba a wuce shi ba.  A cikin 1848, 1856, da 1860, Stilke ya kasance a baje kolin fasaha na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Berlin da kuma 1867 da 1870 da aka wakilta a cikin Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen . An buga littafin Stilke a [[Leipzig]] a kusa da 1890. == Ayyuka == Baya ga watercolours, Hermine Stilke da farko ya kirkiro zane-zane, asali, da sauran abubuwa na kayan ado. Ayyukanta sun sami hanyar shiga cikin kundin da yawa, tarin waƙoƙi, maganganu da waƙoƙoƙi، littattafan tafiye-tafiye, da kundin alatu a matsayin kayan ado na littafi. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zane-zane na karni na 19. A yawancin ayyukanta, Stilke ta yi amfani da sabon matsakaici na daukar hoto wanda ya dogara da chromolithography. Tare da Alwine Schroedter, matar mai zane Adolf Schrödter, an dauke ta daya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zane na Jamus na karni na 19. * Athanasius Graf Raczynski: ''Tarihin fasahar Jamusanci ta zamani''. Na farko: ''Düsseldorf da Rhineland'', Berlin 1836 (farko) * Franz Grünmeyer: ''Addu'o'i a cikin Ruhun Cocin Katolika'', Düsseldorf 1842 (hotuna 83 da aka sake bugawa a cikin zinariya, azurfa da launi, tare da Caspar Scheuren, dijital) * ''Alamun Jamusanci tare da zane-zane na masu zane-zane'', Verlagshandlung Julius Buddeus, Düsseldorf 1843 (volume 1, shafi na 21: zane na Wanderlied na Joseph von Eichendorff, kwafin dijital) &nbsp; * ''Shekara a cikin furanni da ganye'' tare da waƙoƙin Emanuel Geibel da Gustav von Putlitz, Berlin 1864 (hotuna masu launi goma sha biyu) * A Journey in Pictures, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1866 (hotuna da yawa na chromo-lithographed, ciki har da Ballenstedt / Harz, Stolzenfels Castle, Heidelberg, Prague, Salzburg, Interlaken, Venice, Florence, Naples) * ''Bukukuwan Kirista'' tare da rubutun waka na Karl Gerok, Eduard Kauffer, Friedrich Rückert da Philipp Spitta, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1866 (chromolithographs bakwai) * ''Gidan Gida. Waƙoƙi da Hotuna don Gidan'', Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1867 (farantin chromo-lithographic goma da zane-zane) * [[Fayil:Aus_Kampf_und_Noth_von_Hermine_Stilke_(1870),_in_Deutsches_Künstler-Album,_Düsseldorf_1871.jpg|thumb|291x291px|Aus Kampf und Noth na Hermine Stilke, 1870, Deutsches Künstler-Album]]Fure na Ƙauna, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1868 (lithographs goma / hotuna na ruwa don waƙoƙin waƙa) * ''Immortelle daga wani Kabari na Daular. Waƙoƙi na Mai Albarka Maximilian v. Mexico'', Leipzig 1868 (chromolithographs bakwai) * Stilke Album, Leipzig 1869 (35 chromolithographs) * ''A lokacin bazara. Waƙoƙin bazara na mawaƙa daban-daban a cikin waƙoƙin asali na soprano na Abt, Hiller, Jensen, Küken, Reinecke, Taubert, Trottmann'', Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1869 (hotuna tara na chromatolithographic) * ''Jarida'' (sunan da lakabi goma sha biyu na wata a matsayin chromolithographs), Leipzig a kusa da 1890 == Manazarta == ss8eqxdwel14or77we3shsqyndwhbew 905390 905389 2026-08-21T05:34:08Z Nnamadee 31123 905390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{datay}} [[Fayil:HermineStilke.jpg|thumb|348x348px|''Hoton Hermine Stilke'', zane bayan hoton da Karl Ferdinand Sohn, Theodor Hildebrandt, da Karl Friedrich Lessing suka zana tare]] '''Sophia Hermine Stilke''', née ''Sophia Hermine Peipers'' (3 Maris 1804 a Eupen - 23 Mayu 1869 a [[Berlin]]), ta kasance mai zane-zane da kuma mai zane na Makarantar Düsseldorf. == Rayuwa == Sophia Hermine ita ce ta biyu ta Catharina Gertrudis, née Peltzer, da kuma mai yin dyer da wuka Johann Peter Jacob Peipers . Ma'auratan maza biyu da 'ya'ya mata uku, waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 1802 da 1811, sun haɗa da mai zane-zane da mai zane Friedrich Eugen Peipers.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Prepayment certificates website closed on 16 November |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/pj.2014.20067137 |journal=The Pharmaceutical Journal |doi=10.1211/pj.2014.20067137 |issn=2053-6186 |url-access=subscription}}</ref>  Hermine ta yi karatun zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Düsseldorf . Bayan da farko ta gwada zane-zanen tarihi, sai ta sauya zuwa zane-zanensa da furanni, wanda ''Blatter für literarischen nishaɗi'' ya yaba mata a 1837 da kuma masanin tarihin fasaha Georg Kaspar Nagler a 1847.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=39301, 1879-05-08, FLEISCHMANN (E.A.), Munich |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2210-7886_asc-39301 |doi=10.1163/2210-7886_asc-39301 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-07-04}}</ref>  A ranar 18 ga watan Janairun 1832 ta auri mai zane-zane na tarihi Hermann Stilke (1803-1860), ɗalibin Peter von Cornelius . Dan ma'auratan shi ne mai bugawa daga baya Georg Stilke, wanda aka haifa a 1840. Ta tafi Berlin tare da iyalinta a 1850, inda ta gudanar da makarantar zane mai zaman kanta. Ɗaya daga cikin ɗalibanta ita ce Marie Remy . Ernst Förster ya nuna Hermine Stilke a cikin fensir a kan takarda a cikin hoton hanci. Haka kuma ya yaba da furanni da kayan ado na kan iyaka a 1860 a matsayin salon, mahimmanci, kuma ba a wuce shi ba.  A cikin 1848, 1856, da 1860, Stilke ya kasance a baje kolin fasaha na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Berlin da kuma 1867 da 1870 da aka wakilta a cikin Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen . An buga littafin Stilke a [[Leipzig]] a kusa da 1890. == Ayyuka == Baya ga watercolours, Hermine Stilke da farko ya kirkiro zane-zane, asali, da sauran abubuwa na kayan ado. Ayyukanta sun sami hanyar shiga cikin kundin da yawa, tarin waƙoƙi, maganganu da waƙoƙoƙi، littattafan tafiye-tafiye, da kundin alatu a matsayin kayan ado na littafi. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zane-zane na karni na 19. A yawancin ayyukanta, Stilke ta yi amfani da sabon matsakaici na daukar hoto wanda ya dogara da chromolithography. Tare da Alwine Schroedter, matar mai zane Adolf Schrödter, an dauke ta daya daga cikin manyan masu zane-zane na Jamus na karni na 19. * Athanasius Graf Raczynski: ''Tarihin fasahar Jamusanci ta zamani''. Na farko: ''Düsseldorf da Rhineland'', Berlin 1836 (farko) * Franz Grünmeyer: ''Addu'o'i a cikin Ruhun Cocin Katolika'', Düsseldorf 1842 (hotuna 83 da aka sake bugawa a cikin zinariya, azurfa da launi, tare da Caspar Scheuren, dijital) * ''Alamun Jamusanci tare da zane-zane na masu zane-zane'', Verlagshandlung Julius Buddeus, Düsseldorf 1843 (volume 1, shafi na 21: zane na Wanderlied na Joseph von Eichendorff, kwafin dijital) &nbsp; * ''Shekara a cikin furanni da ganye'' tare da waƙoƙin Emanuel Geibel da Gustav von Putlitz, Berlin 1864 (hotuna masu launi goma sha biyu) * A Journey in Pictures, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1866 (hotuna da yawa na chromo-lithographed, ciki har da Ballenstedt / Harz, Stolzenfels Castle, Heidelberg, Prague, Salzburg, Interlaken, Venice, Florence, Naples) * ''Bukukuwan Kirista'' tare da rubutun waka na Karl Gerok, Eduard Kauffer, Friedrich Rückert da Philipp Spitta, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1866 (chromolithographs bakwai) * ''Gidan Gida. Waƙoƙi da Hotuna don Gidan'', Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1867 (farantin chromo-lithographic goma da zane-zane) * [[Fayil:Aus_Kampf_und_Noth_von_Hermine_Stilke_(1870),_in_Deutsches_Künstler-Album,_Düsseldorf_1871.jpg|thumb|291x291px|Aus Kampf und Noth na Hermine Stilke, 1870, Deutsches Künstler-Album]]Fure na Ƙauna, Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1868 (lithographs goma / hotuna na ruwa don waƙoƙin waƙa) * ''Immortelle daga wani Kabari na Daular. Waƙoƙi na Mai Albarka Maximilian v. Mexico'', Leipzig 1868 (chromolithographs bakwai) * Stilke Album, Leipzig 1869 (35 chromolithographs) * ''A lokacin bazara. Waƙoƙin bazara na mawaƙa daban-daban a cikin waƙoƙin asali na soprano na Abt, Hiller, Jensen, Küken, Reinecke, Taubert, Trottmann'', Arnold'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1869 (hotuna tara na chromatolithographic) * ''Jarida'' (sunan da lakabi goma sha biyu na wata a matsayin chromolithographs), Leipzig a kusa da 1890 == Manazarta == 9x981k9locedfu6jzqv52iga083hg49 0 165014 905391 2026-08-21T05:35:58Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346137792|Gisela Engeln-Müllges]]" 905391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gisela Engeln-Müllges''' (1940 - 31 Janairu 2026) masaniyar lissafi ce kuma mai zane-zane ta Jamus. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya, inda ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugaban bincike, ci gaba, da fasaha.{{R|az}} == Ilimi da aikin ilimi == An haifi Engeln-Müllges a [[Leipzig]] a shekara ta 1940. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Leipzig ya zama wani ɓangare na Gabashin Jamus (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus), kuma Engeln-Müllges ya tsere zuwa yamma a 1961. Ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen tun daga shekara ta 1961, kuma ta kammala digiri na biyu (Dr. rer. nat.) a shekara ta 1971, tare da rubutun ''Fluchtebenennomogramme zur Darstellung von Funktionensystemen: Ihre Theorie und praktische Verwendbarkeit'' game da nazarin lambobi. {{R|lab}}{{R|mg}} Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya daga 1982, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban daga 1992 zuwa 2005. {{R|lab|idw75}}Tare da Frank Uhlig, ita ce marubucin littattafan ''Numerik-Algorithmen mit C'' da Numerik- Algorithmen Mit Fortran (7th ed., 1993, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin Algorithms na Lissafi tare da Fortran da Algorithmes na Lissafi da C, Springer, 1996).{{R|temden|kk|pryce}} == Fasaha == Ayyukan zane-zane na Engeln-Müllges ba su da ma'ana, kuma sun da zane-zane da siffofi na ƙarfe, bisa ga aikinta na shekaru da yawa tare da mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Benno Werth|de}} [de] .{{R|az}}A cikin 2019, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka zaba don London Art Biennale . {{R|lab}} == Mutuwa == Engeln-Müllges ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2026, yana da shekaru 85. == Sanarwa == An ba Engeln-Müllges lambar yabo ta Tarayya a shekarar 1992. {{R|lab|idw75}}A shekara ta 2005, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Nizhny Novgorod ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa . {{R|idw75}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 5kx4237ussxs8bxfca9q4n1ug37m2qo 905392 905391 2026-08-21T05:36:17Z Nnamadee 31123 905392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gisela Engeln-Müllges''' (1940 - 31 Janairu 2026) masaniyar lissafi ce kuma mai zane-zane ta Jamus. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya, inda ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugaban bincike, ci gaba, da fasaha.{{R|az}} == Ilimi da aikin ilimi == An haifi Engeln-Müllges a [[Leipzig]] a shekara ta 1940. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Leipzig ya zama wani ɓangare na Gabashin Jamus (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus), kuma Engeln-Müllges ya tsere zuwa yamma a 1961. Ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen tun daga shekara ta 1961, kuma ta kammala digiri na biyu (Dr. rer. nat.) a shekara ta 1971, tare da rubutun ''Fluchtebenennomogramme zur Darstellung von Funktionensystemen: Ihre Theorie und praktische Verwendbarkeit'' game da nazarin lambobi. {{R|lab}}{{R|mg}} Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya daga 1982, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban daga 1992 zuwa 2005. {{R|lab|idw75}}Tare da Frank Uhlig, ita ce marubucin littattafan ''Numerik-Algorithmen mit C'' da Numerik- Algorithmen Mit Fortran (7th ed., 1993, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin Algorithms na Lissafi tare da Fortran da Algorithmes na Lissafi da C, Springer, 1996).{{R|temden|kk|pryce}} == Fasaha == Ayyukan zane-zane na Engeln-Müllges ba su da ma'ana, kuma sun da zane-zane da siffofi na ƙarfe, bisa ga aikinta na shekaru da yawa tare da mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Benno Werth|de}} [de] .{{R|az}}A cikin 2019, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka zaba don London Art Biennale . {{R|lab}} == Mutuwa == Engeln-Müllges ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2026, yana da shekaru 85. == Sanarwa == An ba Engeln-Müllges lambar yabo ta Tarayya a shekarar 1992. {{R|lab|idw75}}A shekara ta 2005, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Nizhny Novgorod ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa . {{R|idw75}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] gggwlpt4lux2v4fvbqbyh4wwd7pv8me 905393 905392 2026-08-21T05:37:01Z Nnamadee 31123 905393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gisela Engeln-Müllges''' (1940 - 31 Janairu 2026) masaniyar lissafi ce kuma mai zane-zane ta Jamus. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya, inda ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugaban bincike, ci gaba, da fasaha.{{R|az}} == Ilimi da aikin ilimi == An haifi Engeln-Müllges a [[Leipzig]] a shekara ta 1940. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Leipzig ya zama wani ɓangare na Gabashin Jamus (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus), kuma Engeln-Müllges ya tsere zuwa yamma a 1961. Ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen tun daga shekara ta 1961, kuma ta kammala digiri na biyu (Dr. rer. nat.) a shekara ta 1971, tare da rubutun ''Fluchtebenennomogramme zur Darstellung von Funktionensystemen: Ihre Theorie und praktische Verwendbarkeit'' game da nazarin lambobi. {{R|lab}}{{R|mg}} Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya daga 1982, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban daga 1992 zuwa 2005. {{R|lab|idw75}}Tare da Frank Uhlig, ita ce marubucin littattafan ''Numerik-Algorithmen mit C'' da Numerik- Algorithmen Mit Fortran (7th ed., 1993, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin Algorithms na Lissafi tare da Fortran da Algorithmes na Lissafi da C, Springer, 1996).{{R|temden|kk|pryce}} == Fasaha == Ayyukan zane-zane na Engeln-Müllges ba su da ma'ana, kuma sun da zane-zane da siffofi na ƙarfe, bisa ga aikinta na shekaru da yawa tare da mai zane {{Interlanguage link|Benno Werth|de}} [de] .{{R|az}}A cikin 2019, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka zaba don London Art Biennale . {{R|lab}} == Mutuwa == Engeln-Müllges ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2026, yana da shekaru 85. == Sanarwa == An ba Engeln-Müllges lambar yabo ta Tarayya a shekarar 1992. {{R|lab|idw75}}A shekara ta 2005, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Nizhny Novgorod ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa.<ref>Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Gisela Engeln-Müllges wird 75: Die FH Aachen wünscht alles Gute zum Geburtstag, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 27 February 2015 – via Informationsdienst Wissenschaft</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 3tx5pw09uqkw98wf8ozsdq4oef6lkvm 905394 905393 2026-08-21T05:38:20Z Nnamadee 31123 905394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gisela Engeln-Müllges''' (1940 - 31 Janairu 2026) masaniyar lissafi ce kuma mai zane-zane ta Jamus. Ta kasance farfesa a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya, inda ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugaban bincike, ci gaba, da fasaha.{{R|az}} == Ilimi da aikin ilimi == An haifi Engeln-Müllges a [[Leipzig]] a shekara ta 1940. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Leipzig ya zama wani ɓangare na Gabashin Jamus (Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus), kuma Engeln-Müllges ya tsere zuwa yamma a 1961. Ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen tun daga shekara ta 1961, kuma ta kammala digiri na biyu (Dr. rer. nat.) a shekara ta 1971, tare da rubutun ''Fluchtebenennomogramme zur Darstellung von Funktionensystemen: Ihre Theorie und praktische Verwendbarkeit'' game da nazarin lambobi. {{R|lab}}{{R|mg}} Ta kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Aachen ta Kimiyya daga 1982, kuma ta kasance mataimakiyar shugaban daga 1992 zuwa 2005. {{R|lab|idw75}}Tare da Frank Uhlig, ita ce marubucin littattafan ''Numerik-Algorithmen mit C'' da Numerik- Algorithmen Mit Fortran (7th ed., 1993, wanda aka fassara zuwa Turanci a matsayin Algorithms na Lissafi tare da Fortran da Algorithmes na Lissafi da C, Springer, 1996).{{R|temden|kk|pryce}} == Fasaha == Ayyukan zane-zane na Engeln-Müllges ba su da ma'ana, kuma sun da zane-zane da siffofi na ƙarfe, bisa ga aikinta na shekaru da yawa tare da mai zane. A cikin 2019, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu zane-zane da aka zaba don London Art Biennale.<ref>"Die FH Münster trauert um ihre ehemalige langjährige Hochschulratsvorsitzende". fh-muenster.de, 3 February 2026 (in German). Retrieved 4 February 2026.</ref> == Mutuwa == Engeln-Müllges ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2026, yana da shekaru 85. == Sanarwa == An ba Engeln-Müllges lambar yabo ta Tarayya a shekarar 1992. {{R|lab|idw75}}A shekara ta 2005, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Nizhny Novgorod ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa.<ref>Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Gisela Engeln-Müllges wird 75: Die FH Aachen wünscht alles Gute zum Geburtstag, Aachen University of Applied Sciences, 27 February 2015 – via Informationsdienst Wissenschaft</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] 3sns0cz1ts968i8vlsu2ro7cf7iutm0 0 165015 905399 2026-08-21T05:45:13Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368908386|Anna Dorothea Therbusch]]" 905399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anna Dorothea Therbusch''' (an haife ta Anna Dorothea '''Lisiewski''', Polish , 23 Yuli 1721 &#x2013; 9 Nuwamba 1782) fitacciyar mai zane ce ta Rococo wadda aka haifa a Masarautar Prussia . Kimanin ayyukanta 200 ne suka tsira, kuma ta zana aƙalla hotuna tamanin da biyar da aka tabbatar. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Paintings_in_the_Anhaltische_Gemäldegalerie,_Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch,_Bildnis_Marie_de_Rège.jpg|thumb|''Hoton Marie de Rège tare da kare'' (bayan Antoine Pesne), ca.1740, [[Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie Dessau]]]] An haifi Anna Dorothea Therbusch a [[Berlin]]. Ta fito ne daga sanannen iyali, 'yar Maria Elisabetha (née Kahlow ) da Georg Lisiewski (1674-1751), mai zane-zane na Berlin na kayan Poland wanda ya isa Prussia a cikin 1692 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masanin gine-ginen kotu {{Interlanguage link|Johann Friedrich Eosander von Göthe|sv}} [sv] . Georg ta koya wa Anna, 'yar'uwarta [[Anna Rosina de Gasc|Anna Rosina Lisiewski]] da ɗan'uwansu Christian Friedrich Reinhold su zana.<ref name="Gaze 2001" /> Ta horar da ita a matsayin mai zane a lokacin da take matashiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fort |first=B |date=2004 |title=Indicting the Woman Artist: Diderot, Le Libertin, and Anna Dorothea Therbusch |journal=Lumen: Selected Proceedings from the Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies |volume=23 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.7202/1012185ar |doi-access=free}}</ref> Anna Dorothea da 'yar'uwarta Anna Rosina an yaba da su a matsayin Wunderkinder na zane. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta zana kwafin abubuwan da Antoine Pesne ya yi Ruwa, kamar Pesne, ta koyi yin koyi da salon Watteau, Lancret, da Pater - masu zane-zane waɗanda Frederic II ke sha'awar su musamman.<ref name=":0" /> Therbusch ya zana a kowane nau'i. Ta kuma yi zane-zanen tarihi, kuma ta yi gwaji tare da al'amuran nau'in Dutch kamar na Gerard Dou.<ref name=":0" /> A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta sami girmamawa daga Berlin, Stuttgart, da Mannheim. Ta yi kwamitocin riba daga ayyukanta kuma daga ƙarshe ta sami goyon bayan sarauta, bayan wasikun gabatarwa da yawa daga masu tallafawa a Paris, Italiya, Jamus, da Prussia.<ref name=":0" /> == Aure == Anna Dorothea ta auri mai kula da gidan abinci na Berlin Ernst Friedrich Therbusch (1711-1773) a cikin 1742 kuma ta daina zanen har zuwa kusan 1760 don taimakawa mijinta a gidan cin abinci. Ba har sai an sallami wajibai na aurenta ba, <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> a matsayin "mace mai gajeren gani, mace mai matsakaicin shekaru", ta koma aikinta na fasaha a shekara ta 1760. Tana da 'ya'ya uku a lokacin da take da shekaru arba'in. Ta bar Berlin don yin zane a Stuttgart don kotun Karl Eugen, Duke na Wurttemberg, tana neman karuwar karbuwa ga ayyukanta.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == ''Swing'' da Game of Shuttlecock (Neues Palais, Potsdam) sassan tattaunawa ne guda biyu waɗanda suka bayyana lokacin aikinta na farko. An sanya hannu kan ''Wasan Shuttlecock'' kuma an sanya shi a cikin shekara ta 1741. <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> Wadannan zane-zane guda biyu an tsara su ne a kan ayyukan Jean-Antoine Watteau kuma suna kama da na Nicolas Lancret . <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> == Komawa zuwa Prussia == Paris ta kasance, kuma ita ce, birni mai tsada kuma Anna Dorothea tana da matsalolin kudi. Daga Nuwamba 1768 har zuwa farkon 1769, mai zane mai bashi ya koma Berlin, ta hanyar Brussels da Netherlands, kuma ya zama mai zane na farko a Prussia, inda aka girmama ta sosai. Ta kasance mai zane-zane ga Frederick II na Prussia (Frederick the Great), wanda sabon fadar Sanssouci da ta yi wa ado da al'amuran almara. Ta kuma zana hotuna na sarakunan Prussian guda takwas ga Catherine II na Rasha (Catherine the Great). Kodayake Anna Dorothea ba ta taɓa zuwa Rasha ba, masu tarawa na Rasha sun kuma yaba da aikinta. Ta kuma sadu da ƙungiyar masu zane-zane da ke kewaye da [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Therbusch za ta ci gaba da zanen a cikin rayuwarta ta ƙarshe. Sau da yawa tana fentin hotunan kanta, goma sha biyu duka. Yayin da idanunta suka fara gazawarta, tana ƙara monocles akai-akai a cikin hotunan kanta. Hotunan da ta yi a baya sun kasance na gargajiya, tare da kayan ado da alamun alloli na Romawa. Ta mutu a Berlin a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1782 tana da shekaru 61, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Dorotheenstadt, wanda aka lalata cocinsa a yakin duniya na biyu . Kabarin ta ya kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba. Dangantakarta da Diderot ta yi wa Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt wahayi zuwa gare ta don rubuta wasan kwaikwayonsa ''Der Freigeist'' ("The Free Spirit"), wanda aka fi sani da Der Libertin ("The Libertine"). == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="nolines" widths="400" heights="200"> Fayil:Therbusch_Anna_Friederike_von_Wartensleben.jpg|Anna von Wartensleben, 1760s Fayil:Therbusch_-_Toilette_der_Diana_DSC4507-HDR.jpg|Toilet of Venus, 1772 Fayil:Therbusch_-_Herz.jpg|Henriette Herz, 1778 Fayil:Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch_(Berlin,_1721–82)_-_A_Scientist_Seated_at_a_Desk_by_Candlelight_-_2023.1_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg|A Scientist Seated at a Desk by Candlelight, 1767 Fayil:Therbusch_-_Wilhelmine_of_Prussia,_Margravine_of_Bayreuth.png|Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg, 1771 Fayil:Heinrich_Albert_Thalbitzer_(Therbusch).jpg|Heinrich Albert Thalbitzer, 1762 Fayil:Circle_of_Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch_-_Ernst_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz.jpg|Duke Ernest Gottlob of Mecklenburg Fayil:Therbusch_Apotheosis.jpg|Apotheosis of Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, 1779 </gallery> == Manazarta == gt7f0sbzzf3hs4xugdb39c7s0dd97o2 905400 905399 2026-08-21T05:45:38Z Nnamadee 31123 905400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Dorothea Therbusch''' (an haife ta Anna Dorothea '''Lisiewski''', Polish , 23 Yuli 1721 &#x2013; 9 Nuwamba 1782) fitacciyar mai zane ce ta Rococo wadda aka haifa a Masarautar Prussia . Kimanin ayyukanta 200 ne suka tsira, kuma ta zana aƙalla hotuna tamanin da biyar da aka tabbatar. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Paintings_in_the_Anhaltische_Gemäldegalerie,_Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch,_Bildnis_Marie_de_Rège.jpg|thumb|''Hoton Marie de Rège tare da kare'' (bayan Antoine Pesne), ca.1740, [[Anhaltische Gemäldegalerie Dessau]]]] An haifi Anna Dorothea Therbusch a [[Berlin]]. Ta fito ne daga sanannen iyali, 'yar Maria Elisabetha (née Kahlow ) da Georg Lisiewski (1674-1751), mai zane-zane na Berlin na kayan Poland wanda ya isa Prussia a cikin 1692 a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar masanin gine-ginen kotu {{Interlanguage link|Johann Friedrich Eosander von Göthe|sv}} [sv] . Georg ta koya wa Anna, 'yar'uwarta [[Anna Rosina de Gasc|Anna Rosina Lisiewski]] da ɗan'uwansu Christian Friedrich Reinhold su zana.<ref name="Gaze 2001" /> Ta horar da ita a matsayin mai zane a lokacin da take matashiya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fort |first=B |date=2004 |title=Indicting the Woman Artist: Diderot, Le Libertin, and Anna Dorothea Therbusch |journal=Lumen: Selected Proceedings from the Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies |volume=23 |pages=1–37 |doi=10.7202/1012185ar |doi-access=free}}</ref> Anna Dorothea da 'yar'uwarta Anna Rosina an yaba da su a matsayin Wunderkinder na zane. A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, ta zana kwafin abubuwan da Antoine Pesne ya yi Ruwa, kamar Pesne, ta koyi yin koyi da salon Watteau, Lancret, da Pater - masu zane-zane waɗanda Frederic II ke sha'awar su musamman.<ref name=":0" /> Therbusch ya zana a kowane nau'i. Ta kuma yi zane-zanen tarihi, kuma ta yi gwaji tare da al'amuran nau'in Dutch kamar na Gerard Dou.<ref name=":0" /> A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta sami girmamawa daga Berlin, Stuttgart, da Mannheim. Ta yi kwamitocin riba daga ayyukanta kuma daga ƙarshe ta sami goyon bayan sarauta, bayan wasikun gabatarwa da yawa daga masu tallafawa a Paris, Italiya, Jamus, da Prussia.<ref name=":0" /> == Aure == Anna Dorothea ta auri mai kula da gidan abinci na Berlin Ernst Friedrich Therbusch (1711-1773) a cikin 1742 kuma ta daina zanen har zuwa kusan 1760 don taimakawa mijinta a gidan cin abinci. Ba har sai an sallami wajibai na aurenta ba, <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> a matsayin "mace mai gajeren gani, mace mai matsakaicin shekaru", ta koma aikinta na fasaha a shekara ta 1760. Tana da 'ya'ya uku a lokacin da take da shekaru arba'in. Ta bar Berlin don yin zane a Stuttgart don kotun Karl Eugen, Duke na Wurttemberg, tana neman karuwar karbuwa ga ayyukanta.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == ''Swing'' da Game of Shuttlecock (Neues Palais, Potsdam) sassan tattaunawa ne guda biyu waɗanda suka bayyana lokacin aikinta na farko. An sanya hannu kan ''Wasan Shuttlecock'' kuma an sanya shi a cikin shekara ta 1741. <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> Wadannan zane-zane guda biyu an tsara su ne a kan ayyukan Jean-Antoine Watteau kuma suna kama da na Nicolas Lancret . <ref name="Gaze 2001" /> == Komawa zuwa Prussia == Paris ta kasance, kuma ita ce, birni mai tsada kuma Anna Dorothea tana da matsalolin kudi. Daga Nuwamba 1768 har zuwa farkon 1769, mai zane mai bashi ya koma Berlin, ta hanyar Brussels da Netherlands, kuma ya zama mai zane na farko a Prussia, inda aka girmama ta sosai. Ta kasance mai zane-zane ga Frederick II na Prussia (Frederick the Great), wanda sabon fadar Sanssouci da ta yi wa ado da al'amuran almara. Ta kuma zana hotuna na sarakunan Prussian guda takwas ga Catherine II na Rasha (Catherine the Great). Kodayake Anna Dorothea ba ta taɓa zuwa Rasha ba, masu tarawa na Rasha sun kuma yaba da aikinta. Ta kuma sadu da ƙungiyar masu zane-zane da ke kewaye da [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] . Therbusch za ta ci gaba da zanen a cikin rayuwarta ta ƙarshe. Sau da yawa tana fentin hotunan kanta, goma sha biyu duka. Yayin da idanunta suka fara gazawarta, tana ƙara monocles akai-akai a cikin hotunan kanta. Hotunan da ta yi a baya sun kasance na gargajiya, tare da kayan ado da alamun alloli na Romawa. Ta mutu a Berlin a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 1782 tana da shekaru 61, kuma an binne ta a makabartar Dorotheenstadt, wanda aka lalata cocinsa a yakin duniya na biyu . Kabarin ta ya kasance ba tare da lalacewa ba. Dangantakarta da Diderot ta yi wa Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt wahayi zuwa gare ta don rubuta wasan kwaikwayonsa ''Der Freigeist'' ("The Free Spirit"), wanda aka fi sani da Der Libertin ("The Libertine"). == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery mode="nolines" widths="400" heights="200"> Fayil:Therbusch_Anna_Friederike_von_Wartensleben.jpg|Anna von Wartensleben, 1760s Fayil:Therbusch_-_Toilette_der_Diana_DSC4507-HDR.jpg|Toilet of Venus, 1772 Fayil:Therbusch_-_Herz.jpg|Henriette Herz, 1778 Fayil:Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch_(Berlin,_1721–82)_-_A_Scientist_Seated_at_a_Desk_by_Candlelight_-_2023.1_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.jpg|A Scientist Seated at a Desk by Candlelight, 1767 Fayil:Therbusch_-_Wilhelmine_of_Prussia,_Margravine_of_Bayreuth.png|Anna Amalia, Abbess of Quedlinburg, 1771 Fayil:Heinrich_Albert_Thalbitzer_(Therbusch).jpg|Heinrich Albert Thalbitzer, 1762 Fayil:Circle_of_Anna_Dorothea_Therbusch_-_Ernst_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz.jpg|Duke Ernest Gottlob of Mecklenburg Fayil:Therbusch_Apotheosis.jpg|Apotheosis of Prince Augustus Ferdinand of Prussia, 1779 </gallery> == Manazarta == 9y2t38zuu900gftc34w9bv808q4jy28 0 165016 905402 2026-08-21T05:46:56Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346138220|Eva Stort]]" 905402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Stort''' (1855-1936) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane.<ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Eva_Stort/11132357/Eva_Stort.aspx |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stort a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1855 a [[Berlin]], Jamus.<ref name="RKD" /> Ta yi karatu a [[Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin]] . Malamanta sun hada da Karl Stauffer-Bern da Max Liebermann . <ref name="Benezit">{{Cite journal |year=2011 |title=Stort, Eva |journal=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00176586}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ''Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen'' (Kungiyar Mata Masu Fasaha a Berlin). An haɗa aikinta a cikin nune-nunen Berlin Secession . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists" /> Ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1936 a Berlin.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/Stort%2C%20Eva |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists">{{Cite web |title=Stort Eva |url=http://www.vdbk1867.de/lexikon/stort-eva/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=Association of Berlin Women Artists 1867 e. V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery widths="200px" heights="250px"> Fayil:Eva_Stort_-_Frühlingsbäume.jpg|''Frühlingsbäume'' Fayil:Eva_Stort_–_Haus_am_Badden.jpg|''Haus am Badden'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] jxy0lx0hi5zzflew5x5wqd8eyf4ii21 905403 905402 2026-08-21T05:47:15Z Nnamadee 31123 905403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eva Stort''' (1855-1936) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane.<ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Eva_Stort/11132357/Eva_Stort.aspx |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stort a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 1855 a [[Berlin]], Jamus.<ref name="RKD" /> Ta yi karatu a [[Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin]] . Malamanta sun hada da Karl Stauffer-Bern da Max Liebermann . <ref name="Benezit">{{Cite journal |year=2011 |title=Stort, Eva |journal=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00176586}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ''Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen'' (Kungiyar Mata Masu Fasaha a Berlin). An haɗa aikinta a cikin nune-nunen Berlin Secession . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists" /> Ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1936 a Berlin.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/Stort%2C%20Eva |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists">{{Cite web |title=Stort Eva |url=http://www.vdbk1867.de/lexikon/stort-eva/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=Association of Berlin Women Artists 1867 e. V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery widths="200px" heights="250px"> Fayil:Eva_Stort_-_Frühlingsbäume.jpg|''Frühlingsbäume'' Fayil:Eva_Stort_–_Haus_am_Badden.jpg|''Haus am Badden'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] 53ierfdefyjuhh1eowwm63cobn8ol0s 905421 905403 2026-08-21T06:04:29Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 905421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Eva Stort''' (1855-1936) ƴar Jamus ce mai zane-zane.<ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Eva_Stort/11132357/Eva_Stort.aspx |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stort a ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu 1855 a [[Berlin]], Jamus.<ref name="RKD" /> Ta yi karatu a [[Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin]] . Malamanta sun hada da Karl Stauffer-Bern da Max Liebermann . <ref name="Benezit">{{Cite journal |year=2011 |title=Stort, Eva |journal=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00176586}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ''Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen'' (Kungiyar Mata Masu Fasaha a Berlin). An haɗa aikinta a cikin nune-nunen Berlin Secession . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists" /> Ta mutu a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 1936 a Berlin.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Eva Stort |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/Stort%2C%20Eva |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin Staatsgalerie Stuttgart . <ref name="Association of Berlin Women Artists">{{Cite web |title=Stort Eva |url=http://www.vdbk1867.de/lexikon/stort-eva/ |access-date=10 August 2020 |website=Association of Berlin Women Artists 1867 e. V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Hotuna == <gallery widths="200px" heights="250px"> Fayil:Eva_Stort_-_Frühlingsbäume.jpg|''Frühlingsbäume'' Fayil:Eva_Stort_–_Haus_am_Badden.jpg|''Haus am Badden'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] bvu82sseq54fcon9esnhkpyg8llrqic 0 165017 905408 2026-08-21T05:51:05Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343082020|Helene Marie Stromeyer]]" 905408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 3xch8r7dqp30hj1ul0083qr7itu6b7y 905409 905408 2026-08-21T05:51:30Z Nnamadee 31123 905409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] tcmcf56o8ccpp4z5nbub1l3r2g7d8r6 905411 905409 2026-08-21T06:00:32Z Kamal JB 24987 905411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] rcslkexfoca2nxkbngjf3o0kwzxmi6e 905412 905411 2026-08-21T06:00:47Z Kamal JB 24987 905412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] k6rfqvvccdbhesiuphxycj151g9ujur 905413 905412 2026-08-21T06:01:05Z Kamal JB 24987 905413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] imhm2f4oozoifjtf61lu6xrnfn4t0sg 905414 905413 2026-08-21T06:01:17Z Kamal JB 24987 905414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar Jamus ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] ovz1u762x5j087192zhko2bkwh12bpj 905416 905414 2026-08-21T06:02:15Z Kamal JB 24987 905416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar [[Jamus] ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] plhgng9kqx5y3koc0qkk6ofh72u2dfp 905418 905416 2026-08-21T06:02:28Z Kamal JB 24987 905418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar [[Jamus]] ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] lwmd3oxneyyum3ab88lqcxo4nluxvyz 905419 905418 2026-08-21T06:03:00Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 905419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar [[Jamus]] ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta a 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 19jgd7she9u7i3glizpqba2l5406d6v 905420 905419 2026-08-21T06:03:19Z Kamal JB 24987 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 905420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Marie Stromeyer''' (an haifeta a ranar 26 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1834 - 13 ga watan Maris shekara ta 1924) ƴar [[Jamus]] ce da aka sani da zane-zanen furanni da shimfidar wuri.<ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Hélène Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/hélène-marie-stromeyer/ |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer/11132512/Helene_Marie_Stromeyer.aspx |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Stromeyer a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta a shekara ta 1834 a [[Hanover]] . Likita mai tiyata Louis Stromeyer shi ne mahaifinta. A cikin 1880s ta halarci Großherzoglich Badische Kunstschule (Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe) inda Hans Gude da Gustav Schönleber suka koya mata. <ref name="Stadtlexikon2">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ta nunawa aikinta a Ginin Mata a 1893 World's Columbian Exposition a Chicago, Illinois . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#stromeyer |access-date=4 December 2018}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Makarantar Zane ta Düsseldorf da Kungiyar Masu Fasaha ta Karlsruhe . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, an ɗauki Stromeyer ɗaya daga cikin mahimman masu zane-zane na lokacinta.<ref name="Stadtlexikon">{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=René |title=Helene Marie Stromeyer |url=https://stadtlexikon.karlsruhe.de/index.php/De:Lexikon:bio-0480 |access-date=4 December 2018 |website=Stadtlexikon}}</ref> Stromeyer ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Maris 1924 a Karlsruhe . <ref name="Stadtlexikon" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 2p8arr8zk9sniehe3sfbvlztlk2co36 0 165018 905428 2026-08-21T06:13:10Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363474194|Taiwanese fried chicken cutlet]]" 905428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Taiwan]] fried chicken cutlet Muhd Hassan ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ([[Sinanci]]: 炸雞排 ko 香雞排) abinci ne na yau da kullun wanda aka shahara a cikin shekarun 1990 a Taiwan kuma ana samun sa a Kasuwancin dare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhu |first=Maggie |date=2025-03-20 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (台式鸡排) |url=https://omnivorescookbook.com/taiwanese-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Omnivore's Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> Abincin ya kunshi fillets na nono na kaza wanda aka kwashe a cikin garin [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] da garin shinkafa, an dafa shi da panko, an bushe shi da zurfi, sannan a dafa shi da kayan yaji daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joe |first=Chris |date=2021-09-10 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (XXL) - AUTHENTIC! (VIDEO) |url=https://cjeatsrecipes.com/taiwanese-xxl-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=CJ Eats Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Gishiri]], foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da fararen albasa sune mafi mahimmancin kayan yaji don wannan tasa, kodayake ana amfani da wasu kayan yaji kamar [[Citta|ginger]] foda, tafarnuwa, cumin, MSG, foda na chili, [[paprika]], ganyen curry, [[sukari]], Man sésame, da li hing mui foda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Spiced Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://junandtonic.com/blog/taiwanese-fried-chicken |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Jun & Tonic |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Asali == [[Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_at_Shilin_Market_20070729.jpg|thumb|Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Kasuwar Dare ta Shilin]] Asalin naman kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan ya samo asali ne daga sauye-sauyen naman kaza da ake soya a Kudancin Amurka ta masu sayar da tituna a [[Tainan]] a ƙarshen karni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://www.phasechangeskitchen.com/blog/yan-su-ji |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Phase Changes |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan masu siyarwa sun canza girke-girke na gargajiya don dacewa da dandano na gida, suna haɗa kayan yaji na asali da dabarun dafa abinci. A tsawon lokaci, abincin ya sami karbuwa, ya samo asali a cikin nau'ikan yanki daban-daban kuma ya ba da karfafawa da yawa. == Shirye-shirye == A al'adance, ana yin cutlets daga fillets na nono mara ƙashi da fata wanda aka yi amfani da shi kuma an shimfiɗa shi don isa ga daidaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Sa'an nan kuma ana marinate kaza a cikin cakuda soya sauce, oyster sauce, minced garlic, farin pepper, sukari, da kuma turare guda biyar na akalla minti 30.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiffany |date=2021-10-25 |title=Taiwanese Chicken Cutlets (EASY!) |url=https://tiffycooks.com/taiwanese-chicken-cutlets-easy/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Tiffy Cooks |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan marinating, ana rufe kaza a cikin mashaya da aka yi da kwai da masara, sannan kuma a yi amfani da farantin dankali mai zaki, farantin shinkafa, ko tapioca starch. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa cutlets a cikin mai a kan matsakaiciyar zafi na minti 3-4. A ƙarshe, ƙarin kayan yaji kamar chili foda, paprika, foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da gishiri ana yayyafa su a kan cutlet. == Bayani game da kiwon lafiya == Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan suna da matakan da suka fi girma na adadin kuzari da sodium. Ayyukan cutlet na iya samun ko'ina daga tsakanin 350-450 calories da kusan 1000 milligrams na sodium, wanda shine 44% na abin da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calories in Real Appeal Taiwanese Fried Chicken Cutlets and Nutrition Facts |url=https://www.fatsecret.com/calories-nutrition/real-appeal/taiwanese-fried-chicken-cutlets |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.fatsecret.com}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == * Kayan kaza na Taiwan mai ɗanɗano: ya haɗa da albasa mai zafi don kayan yaji * Cuku-swakin cuku-swashe cakulan cuku-cuku * Kyakkyawan kaza: karami, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka ɗanɗana kuma an dafa su == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_from_Pingxi_Sausage_Chicken_Steak_20150211.jpg|Fried chicken cutlet from Pinxi Old Street in February 2015 Fayil:Large_fried-chicken_cutlets_of_Zhongli_Yuanhua_Store,_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken_20060331.jpg|Man selling fried chicken cutlets in Zhongli in March 2006 Fayil:Hot-Star's_vendor_picking_up_a_large_fried-chicken_cutlet_with_a_tong_at_Zhongli_Night_Market_on_31_March_2006.jpg|Man picking up fried chicken cutlet with tongs to sell; March 2006 Fayil:2009-03-21_Jipai_by_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken.jpg|A fried chicken cutlet; March 2009 </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Karaage * Kayan zuma * Katsu na kaza * Abincin Taiwan == Manazarta == <references /> r4ioags3jkww8tvvoixd4jirdrv72ad 905429 905428 2026-08-21T06:13:53Z Alubaki 30448 905429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Taiwan]] fried chicken cutlet ([[Sinanci]]: 炸雞排 ko 香雞排) abinci ne na yau da kullun wanda aka shahara a cikin shekarun 1990 a Taiwan kuma ana samun sa a Kasuwancin dare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhu |first=Maggie |date=2025-03-20 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (台式鸡排) |url=https://omnivorescookbook.com/taiwanese-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Omnivore's Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> Abincin ya kunshi fillets na nono na kaza wanda aka kwashe a cikin garin [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] da garin shinkafa, an dafa shi da panko, an bushe shi da zurfi, sannan a dafa shi da kayan yaji daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joe |first=Chris |date=2021-09-10 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (XXL) - AUTHENTIC! (VIDEO) |url=https://cjeatsrecipes.com/taiwanese-xxl-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=CJ Eats Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Gishiri]], foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da fararen albasa sune mafi mahimmancin kayan yaji don wannan tasa, kodayake ana amfani da wasu kayan yaji kamar [[Citta|ginger]] foda, tafarnuwa, cumin, MSG, foda na chili, [[paprika]], ganyen curry, [[sukari]], Man sésame, da li hing mui foda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Spiced Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://junandtonic.com/blog/taiwanese-fried-chicken |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Jun & Tonic |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Asali == [[Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_at_Shilin_Market_20070729.jpg|thumb|Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Kasuwar Dare ta Shilin]] Asalin naman kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan ya samo asali ne daga sauye-sauyen naman kaza da ake soya a Kudancin Amurka ta masu sayar da tituna a [[Tainan]] a ƙarshen karni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://www.phasechangeskitchen.com/blog/yan-su-ji |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Phase Changes |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan masu siyarwa sun canza girke-girke na gargajiya don dacewa da dandano na gida, suna haɗa kayan yaji na asali da dabarun dafa abinci. A tsawon lokaci, abincin ya sami karbuwa, ya samo asali a cikin nau'ikan yanki daban-daban kuma ya ba da karfafawa da yawa. == Shirye-shirye == A al'adance, ana yin cutlets daga fillets na nono mara ƙashi da fata wanda aka yi amfani da shi kuma an shimfiɗa shi don isa ga daidaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Sa'an nan kuma ana marinate kaza a cikin cakuda soya sauce, oyster sauce, minced garlic, farin pepper, sukari, da kuma turare guda biyar na akalla minti 30.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiffany |date=2021-10-25 |title=Taiwanese Chicken Cutlets (EASY!) |url=https://tiffycooks.com/taiwanese-chicken-cutlets-easy/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Tiffy Cooks |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan marinating, ana rufe kaza a cikin mashaya da aka yi da kwai da masara, sannan kuma a yi amfani da farantin dankali mai zaki, farantin shinkafa, ko tapioca starch. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa cutlets a cikin mai a kan matsakaiciyar zafi na minti 3-4. A ƙarshe, ƙarin kayan yaji kamar chili foda, paprika, foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da gishiri ana yayyafa su a kan cutlet. == Bayani game da kiwon lafiya == Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan suna da matakan da suka fi girma na adadin kuzari da sodium. Ayyukan cutlet na iya samun ko'ina daga tsakanin 350-450 calories da kusan 1000 milligrams na sodium, wanda shine 44% na abin da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calories in Real Appeal Taiwanese Fried Chicken Cutlets and Nutrition Facts |url=https://www.fatsecret.com/calories-nutrition/real-appeal/taiwanese-fried-chicken-cutlets |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.fatsecret.com}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == * Kayan kaza na Taiwan mai ɗanɗano: ya haɗa da albasa mai zafi don kayan yaji * Cuku-swakin cuku-swashe cakulan cuku-cuku * Kyakkyawan kaza: karami, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka ɗanɗana kuma an dafa su == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_from_Pingxi_Sausage_Chicken_Steak_20150211.jpg|Fried chicken cutlet from Pinxi Old Street in February 2015 Fayil:Large_fried-chicken_cutlets_of_Zhongli_Yuanhua_Store,_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken_20060331.jpg|Man selling fried chicken cutlets in Zhongli in March 2006 Fayil:Hot-Star's_vendor_picking_up_a_large_fried-chicken_cutlet_with_a_tong_at_Zhongli_Night_Market_on_31_March_2006.jpg|Man picking up fried chicken cutlet with tongs to sell; March 2006 Fayil:2009-03-21_Jipai_by_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken.jpg|A fried chicken cutlet; March 2009 </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Karaage * Kayan zuma * Katsu na kaza * Abincin Taiwan == Manazarta == <references /> meioimd08n9xxmvn6ibf6gaqruo5luu 905431 905429 2026-08-21T06:20:21Z Alubaki 30448 905431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Taiwan]] fried chicken cutlet ([[Sinanci]]: 炸雞排 ko 香雞排) abinci ne na yau da kullun wanda aka shahara a cikin shekarun 1990 a Taiwan kuma ana samun sa a Kasuwancin dare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhu |first=Maggie |date=2025-03-20 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (台式鸡排) |url=https://omnivorescookbook.com/taiwanese-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Omnivore's Cookbook |language=en-US}}</ref> Abincin ya kunshi fillets na nono na kaza wanda aka kwashe a cikin garin [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] da garin shinkafa, an dafa shi da panko, an bushe shi da zurfi, sannan a dafa shi da kayan yaji daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joe |first=Chris |date=2021-09-10 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken (XXL) - AUTHENTIC! (VIDEO) |url=https://cjeatsrecipes.com/taiwanese-xxl-fried-chicken/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=CJ Eats Recipes |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Gishiri]], foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da fararen albasa sune mafi mahimmancin kayan yaji don wannan tasa, kodayake ana amfani da wasu kayan yaji kamar [[Citta|ginger]] foda, tafarnuwa, cumin, MSG, foda na chili, [[paprika]], ganyen curry, [[sukari]], Man sésame, da li hing mui foda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Spiced Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://junandtonic.com/blog/taiwanese-fried-chicken |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Jun & Tonic |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Asali == [[Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_at_Shilin_Market_20070729.jpg|thumb|Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Kasuwar Dare ta Shilin]] Asalin naman kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan ya samo asali ne daga sauye-sauyen naman kaza da ake soya a Kudancin Amurka ta masu sayar da tituna a [[Tainan]] a ƙarshen karni na 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-11 |title=Taiwanese Fried Chicken |url=https://www.phasechangeskitchen.com/blog/yan-su-ji |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Phase Changes |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan masu siyarwa sun canza girke-girke na gargajiya don dacewa da dandano na gida, suna haɗa kayan yaji na asali da dabarun dafa abinci. A tsawon lokaci, abincin ya sami karbuwa, ya samo asali a cikin nau'ikan yanki daban-daban kuma ya ba da karfafawa da yawa. == Shirye-shirye == A al'adance, ana yin cutlets daga fillets na nono mara ƙashi da fata wanda aka yi amfani da shi kuma an shimfiɗa shi don isa ga daidaitattun ƙwayoyin cuta. Sa'an nan kuma ana marinate kaza a cikin cakuda soya sauce, oyster sauce, minced garlic, farin pepper, sukari, da kuma turare guda biyar na akalla minti 30.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tiffany |date=2021-10-25 |title=Taiwanese Chicken Cutlets (EASY!) |url=https://tiffycooks.com/taiwanese-chicken-cutlets-easy/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=Tiffy Cooks |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan marinating, ana rufe kaza a cikin mashaya da aka yi da kwai da masara, sannan kuma a yi amfani da farantin dankali mai zaki, farantin shinkafa, ko tapioca starch. Sa'an nan kuma ana dafa cutlets a cikin mai a kan matsakaiciyar zafi na minti 3-4. A ƙarshe, ƙarin kayan yaji kamar chili foda, paprika, foda mai ɗanɗano guda biyar, da gishiri ana yayyafa su a kan cutlet. == Bayani game da kiwon lafiya == Kayan kaza da aka dafa a Taiwan suna da matakan da suka fi girma na adadin kuzari da sodium. Ayyukan cutlet na iya samun ko'ina daga tsakanin 350-450 calories da kusan 1000 milligrams na sodium, wanda shine 44% na abin da aka ba da shawarar yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Calories in Real Appeal Taiwanese Fried Chicken Cutlets and Nutrition Facts |url=https://www.fatsecret.com/calories-nutrition/real-appeal/taiwanese-fried-chicken-cutlets |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.fatsecret.com}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == * Kayan kaza na Taiwan mai ɗanɗano: ya haɗa da albasa mai zafi don kayan yaji * Cuku-swakin cuku-swashe cakulan cuku-cuku * Kyakkyawan kaza: karami, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin da aka ɗanɗana kuma an dafa su == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px"> Fayil:Fried_chicken_steak_from_Pingxi_Sausage_Chicken_Steak_20150211.jpg|Fried chicken cutlet from Pinxi Old Street in February 2015 Fayil:Large_fried-chicken_cutlets_of_Zhongli_Yuanhua_Store,_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken_20060331.jpg|Man selling fried chicken cutlets in Zhongli in March 2006 Fayil:Hot-Star's_vendor_picking_up_a_large_fried-chicken_cutlet_with_a_tong_at_Zhongli_Night_Market_on_31_March_2006.jpg|Man picking up fried chicken cutlet with tongs to sell; March 2006 Fayil:2009-03-21_Jipai_by_Hot-Star_Large_Fried_Chicken.jpg|A fried chicken cutlet; March 2009 </gallery> == Duba kuma ==   * Karaage * Kayan zuma * Katsu na kaza * Abincin Taiwan == Manazarta == <references /> hhydvk76i9h3xoinjy1tvbcjc4fba1s 0 165019 905433 2026-08-21T06:27:53Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1318248189|Palatine cuisine]]" 905433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Grumbeersupp un Quetschekuche (soup na dankali da cake) ]] Abinci da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne Abinci na yankin Palatinate na [[Jamus]] an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar abincin yanki waɗanda suka zama sanannun a duk yankin har ma da baya. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Abinci na gargajiya na Palatine yana da yawa kuma yana da mahimmanci, galibi saboda yawan mutanen da ke aiki tukuru ne suka haɓaka girke-girke ko kuma a lokutan [[talauci]]. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran Abincin Jamus na yanki, abincinsa ma ya fi zafi kuma ya fi ɗanɗano. Wani kayan yaji da aka saba amfani da shi don sausage da dankali shine marjoram . == Nama == [[Fayil:Fläschknepp_mit_Meerretichsoß.jpg|right|thumb|''Flääschknepp'' (nama) tare da soya mai suna]] Mafi shahararren abincin daga Palatinate shine ''Saumagen'' (ma'ana ciki na [[Aladu|alade]]) wanda shine cakuda nama na alade, naman sausage, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], [[albasa]], marjoram, [[Kaninfari|cloves]] da albasa a cikin kwalliya, al'ada ciki na aladu, wanda aka dafa cakuda. Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin kayan gargajiya, akwai bambance-bambance tare da ƙarin sinadaran da kayan yaji. Ana sanyaya samfurin da aka gama, an yanke shi cikin yatsan yatsa kuma ana sayar da shi a duk masu yankan nama a yankin Palatinate. Ana soya sassan kuma yawanci ana ba da su tare da sauerkraut da burodi ko dankali, wani lokacin tare da ruwan kasa. Coarse ''Bratwürste'', liverwurst da Sausage na jini, hanta ''Knödel'' da nama, wanda aka fi amfani da shi tare da sauce na horseradish, sune sassan abinci na Palatinate. Kamar a makwabciyar Alsace, sauerkraut abinci ne na musamman a kowane yanayi, amma musamman a cikin hunturu. Sauran abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin Babban abinci sune dankali da ruwan kasa ko da yake Gidajen cin abinci da yawa suna ba da gurasar rye maimakon dankali. Wani shahararren abinci wanda ke da muhimmancin al'adu shine Pfälzer Dreifaltigkeit ("Trinity Trinity"): haɗuwa ce da ''Saumagen'' da aka bayyana a sama, ''Bratwurst'' da hanta ''Knödel''. == Kifi == A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, ƙananan [[Korama|koguna]] da yawa da ke gudana daga Dajin Palatinate zuwa Rhine sun kasance cikin gidajen ibada ko manoma don ƙirƙirar ƙananan tafkuna kifi. Kodayake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sun tafi, har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci na gargajiya da yawa a tsakiyar gandun daji waɗanda abincin su ke nuna kifi iri-iri. A zamanin yau, ana ba da nau'ikan kifi na "zamani" da yawa tare da nau'in gargajiya kamar trout, roach, zander, pike da carp. Wani sanannen al'ada na biyu na abincin kifi kusa da wanda tafkunan kifi suka kula da shi ya wanzu a gefen kogin Rhine wanda ke da wadataccen kifi, musamman kafin Masana'antu. Mutane da yawa masunta ne kuma a cikin garin Speyer akwai ma ƙungiyar don wannan sana'a wanda ya kama nau'ikan kifi iri-iri, amma musamman [[salmon]] da eel suna da mahimmanci. A yayin masana'antu Rhine ya gurɓata kuma nau'o'i da yawa ba za su iya rayuwa a can ba, ko kuma kifin ba za a iya cinye shi ba. Amma har ma bayan asarar wuraren kamun kifi, yawan jama'a sun ci gaba da sha'awar kifi kuma a zamanin yau har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci da yawa a gefen Rhine da Kwarin Rhine waɗanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin jita-jita na kifi kuma ƙauyuka da yawa har yanzu suna murna da bukukuwan masunta na gargajiya inda ake ba da zaɓi daban-daban na kifi. == Sauran abubuwa == [[Fayil:BDampfnudeln_WPB.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Dampfnudle'']] [[Fayil:Essenstand_Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|''Grumbeersupp da Quetschekuche'']] [[Fayil:Pflaumenkuchen.jpg|right|thumb|Kakar gashin gashin gashi]] Wani shahararren abinci daga Palatinate shine ''Dampfnudeln'' ("noodles masu tururi") tare da ɓawon gishiri. A al'ada Babban abinci ne kuma ana jin daɗinsa ko dai fure da kayan abinci masu daɗi kamar su ruwan inabi, vanilla sauce ko kayan adana 'ya'yan itace kamar mirabelle, plums ko pear ko tare da kayan ado masu kyau kamar sop na dankali, sop na kayan lambu ko goulash. A wasu sassan Palatinate har ma ya zama ruwan dare a ci su a matsayin abincin abinci tare da miya mai tsami sannan kuma tare da kayan abinci masu dadi a matsayin babban abinci. A lokacin furotin babban abincin da aka saba amfani da shi shine "Grumbeersupp und Quetschekuche" wanda shine abincin dankali da kek kuma don kayan zaki ana ba da <nowiki><i id="mwdA">Kerscheplotzer</i></nowiki>. Wani abincin yanayi shine ''Zwiebelkuchen'' wanda aka saba ba da shi tare da ''Federweisser'' a cikin kaka. Har ila yau ana cinye su akai-akai ''Gebreedelde'' hanta shine nau'in Palatinate na dankali da aka dafa tare da naman alade ko liverwurst. Amma kuma dankali da aka dafa tare da quark, [[albasa]], caraway, albasa ko Chive suna da mashahuri sosai. Abincin gargajiya wanda ya wanzu galibi saboda ma'aikata a gonakin inabi shine ''Weck, Worscht un Woi'' (bun, nama da ruwan inabi). [[Fayil:WeckWorschtWoi2.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Weck, Worscht un Woi'']] == Bambance-bambance na Yankin == === Na baya da Kudancin Palatinate === Mafi mahimmancin samfurin noma a can kuma ɗayan shahararrun kayan fitarwa shine ruwan inabi. An shuka shi galibi tare da Weinstraße inda saboda halin da yake ciki a gefen yammacin Kwarin Rhine kuma kusa da kewayon tsaunuka Haardt yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi yana tabbatar da yanayin mafi kyau. A al'adance farin ruwan inabi sune musamman Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner da Kerner. Shahararrun jan giya sune Blauer Portugieser da Dornfelder . Ruwan inabi ba kawai yana da mahimmanci don shan abinci ba amma kuma ana amfani dashi akai-akai a matsayin sinadarin sauces ko kayan zaki. Kamar yadda itatuwan chestnut da yawa ke girma a cikin Haardt abincin wannan yankin yana da nau'ikan kayan abinci da yawa musamman a lokacin kaka da [[Kirsimeti|Lokacin Kirsimeti]]. Ana ba da su da kyau tare da wasan, [[Agwagwa|Duck]] ko rabbit wanda kuma shine hanyar gargajiya ta cin su amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu dafa abinci na gidajen cin abinci masu kyau sun daidaita yawancin kayan abinci daga Italiya da Faransa. Muhimman cultivars sune kayan lambu da dankali a cikin Vorderpfalz da asparagus a cikin kwarin Rhine. Saboda yanayin Bahar Rum akwai kuma almond, kiwi, 'ya'yan itacen lemun tsami da ɓaure da ke girma a can sabili da haka abincin ya yi kama da abincin jihohin Bahar Rum kamar [[Italiya]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da kuma musamman [[Faransa]]. Ƙaunar mutanen Palatine ga abinci mai kyau yayi kama da na Faransanci kuma ana iya ganinsa musamman a cikin bukukuwan jama'a da kuma wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda jigoginsu akai-akai game da abinci ko abin sha. Baya ga bukukuwan ruwan inabi da yawa akwai kuma wasu ƙwarewar abinci da aka nuna kuma aka yi bikin kamar asparagus a Dudenhofen, pretzel a Speyer, radish a Schifferstadt, Handkäse a Lustadt, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]] a Bellheim ko tasa Saumagen a Kallstadt. === Yammacin Palatinate === Abincin wannan yankin har ma da zuciya kuma abincin gargajiya sun haɗa da: * Hooriche (ma'anar "gashi"), ƙananan Kwallon dankali da aka yi amfani da su tare da cream-bacon-sauce * Schales, abincin da ya kunshi dankali, naman alade, albasa, da kuma Nutmeg mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin burodi a cikin burodi, kuma ana yawan ba da shi tare da sauce na apple * ''Lakzervelat'', wani nau'in sausage da aka yi da nama mai warkewa, musamman ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin [[Kirsimeti]] da Sabuwar Shekara * ''Anduddel'', kuma sausage mai ɗanɗano sosai don dafa abinci. === Yankin zuwa Faransa === A yankin da ke iyaka da Faransa, tasirin makwabta sananne ne. Abincin kamar ''Flammkuchen'' sun shahara sosai har ma da escargots sun zama ruwan dare. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Anna Bergner: Pfälzer Kochbuch. Eine Sammlung von 1002 praktisch bewährten Kochrecepten aller Art, begründet auf 30jährige Erfahrung. Nebst einem Anhange von 28 mayi Speise-Zetteln. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] (a kan layi) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cy71dsam0rjp061laagybtfs933ek91 905434 905433 2026-08-21T06:28:24Z Alubaki 30448 905434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Grumbeersupp un Quetschekuche (soup na dankali da cake) ]] Abinci na yankin Palatinate na [[Jamus]] an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar abincin yanki waɗanda suka zama sanannun a duk yankin har ma da baya. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Abinci na gargajiya na Palatine yana da yawa kuma yana da mahimmanci, galibi saboda yawan mutanen da ke aiki tukuru ne suka haɓaka girke-girke ko kuma a lokutan [[talauci]]. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran Abincin Jamus na yanki, abincinsa ma ya fi zafi kuma ya fi ɗanɗano. Wani kayan yaji da aka saba amfani da shi don sausage da dankali shine marjoram . == Nama == [[Fayil:Fläschknepp_mit_Meerretichsoß.jpg|right|thumb|''Flääschknepp'' (nama) tare da soya mai suna]] Mafi shahararren abincin daga Palatinate shine ''Saumagen'' (ma'ana ciki na [[Aladu|alade]]) wanda shine cakuda nama na alade, naman sausage, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], [[albasa]], marjoram, [[Kaninfari|cloves]] da albasa a cikin kwalliya, al'ada ciki na aladu, wanda aka dafa cakuda. Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin kayan gargajiya, akwai bambance-bambance tare da ƙarin sinadaran da kayan yaji. Ana sanyaya samfurin da aka gama, an yanke shi cikin yatsan yatsa kuma ana sayar da shi a duk masu yankan nama a yankin Palatinate. Ana soya sassan kuma yawanci ana ba da su tare da sauerkraut da burodi ko dankali, wani lokacin tare da ruwan kasa. Coarse ''Bratwürste'', liverwurst da Sausage na jini, hanta ''Knödel'' da nama, wanda aka fi amfani da shi tare da sauce na horseradish, sune sassan abinci na Palatinate. Kamar a makwabciyar Alsace, sauerkraut abinci ne na musamman a kowane yanayi, amma musamman a cikin hunturu. Sauran abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin Babban abinci sune dankali da ruwan kasa ko da yake Gidajen cin abinci da yawa suna ba da gurasar rye maimakon dankali. Wani shahararren abinci wanda ke da muhimmancin al'adu shine Pfälzer Dreifaltigkeit ("Trinity Trinity"): haɗuwa ce da ''Saumagen'' da aka bayyana a sama, ''Bratwurst'' da hanta ''Knödel''. == Kifi == A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, ƙananan [[Korama|koguna]] da yawa da ke gudana daga Dajin Palatinate zuwa Rhine sun kasance cikin gidajen ibada ko manoma don ƙirƙirar ƙananan tafkuna kifi. Kodayake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sun tafi, har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci na gargajiya da yawa a tsakiyar gandun daji waɗanda abincin su ke nuna kifi iri-iri. A zamanin yau, ana ba da nau'ikan kifi na "zamani" da yawa tare da nau'in gargajiya kamar trout, roach, zander, pike da carp. Wani sanannen al'ada na biyu na abincin kifi kusa da wanda tafkunan kifi suka kula da shi ya wanzu a gefen kogin Rhine wanda ke da wadataccen kifi, musamman kafin Masana'antu. Mutane da yawa masunta ne kuma a cikin garin Speyer akwai ma ƙungiyar don wannan sana'a wanda ya kama nau'ikan kifi iri-iri, amma musamman [[salmon]] da eel suna da mahimmanci. A yayin masana'antu Rhine ya gurɓata kuma nau'o'i da yawa ba za su iya rayuwa a can ba, ko kuma kifin ba za a iya cinye shi ba. Amma har ma bayan asarar wuraren kamun kifi, yawan jama'a sun ci gaba da sha'awar kifi kuma a zamanin yau har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci da yawa a gefen Rhine da Kwarin Rhine waɗanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin jita-jita na kifi kuma ƙauyuka da yawa har yanzu suna murna da bukukuwan masunta na gargajiya inda ake ba da zaɓi daban-daban na kifi. == Sauran abubuwa == [[Fayil:BDampfnudeln_WPB.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Dampfnudle'']] [[Fayil:Essenstand_Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|''Grumbeersupp da Quetschekuche'']] [[Fayil:Pflaumenkuchen.jpg|right|thumb|Kakar gashin gashin gashi]] Wani shahararren abinci daga Palatinate shine ''Dampfnudeln'' ("noodles masu tururi") tare da ɓawon gishiri. A al'ada Babban abinci ne kuma ana jin daɗinsa ko dai fure da kayan abinci masu daɗi kamar su ruwan inabi, vanilla sauce ko kayan adana 'ya'yan itace kamar mirabelle, plums ko pear ko tare da kayan ado masu kyau kamar sop na dankali, sop na kayan lambu ko goulash. A wasu sassan Palatinate har ma ya zama ruwan dare a ci su a matsayin abincin abinci tare da miya mai tsami sannan kuma tare da kayan abinci masu dadi a matsayin babban abinci. A lokacin furotin babban abincin da aka saba amfani da shi shine "Grumbeersupp und Quetschekuche" wanda shine abincin dankali da kek kuma don kayan zaki ana ba da <nowiki><i id="mwdA">Kerscheplotzer</i></nowiki>. Wani abincin yanayi shine ''Zwiebelkuchen'' wanda aka saba ba da shi tare da ''Federweisser'' a cikin kaka. Har ila yau ana cinye su akai-akai ''Gebreedelde'' hanta shine nau'in Palatinate na dankali da aka dafa tare da naman alade ko liverwurst. Amma kuma dankali da aka dafa tare da quark, [[albasa]], caraway, albasa ko Chive suna da mashahuri sosai. Abincin gargajiya wanda ya wanzu galibi saboda ma'aikata a gonakin inabi shine ''Weck, Worscht un Woi'' (bun, nama da ruwan inabi). [[Fayil:WeckWorschtWoi2.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Weck, Worscht un Woi'']] == Bambance-bambance na Yankin == === Na baya da Kudancin Palatinate === Mafi mahimmancin samfurin noma a can kuma ɗayan shahararrun kayan fitarwa shine ruwan inabi. An shuka shi galibi tare da Weinstraße inda saboda halin da yake ciki a gefen yammacin Kwarin Rhine kuma kusa da kewayon tsaunuka Haardt yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi yana tabbatar da yanayin mafi kyau. A al'adance farin ruwan inabi sune musamman Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner da Kerner. Shahararrun jan giya sune Blauer Portugieser da Dornfelder . Ruwan inabi ba kawai yana da mahimmanci don shan abinci ba amma kuma ana amfani dashi akai-akai a matsayin sinadarin sauces ko kayan zaki. Kamar yadda itatuwan chestnut da yawa ke girma a cikin Haardt abincin wannan yankin yana da nau'ikan kayan abinci da yawa musamman a lokacin kaka da [[Kirsimeti|Lokacin Kirsimeti]]. Ana ba da su da kyau tare da wasan, [[Agwagwa|Duck]] ko rabbit wanda kuma shine hanyar gargajiya ta cin su amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu dafa abinci na gidajen cin abinci masu kyau sun daidaita yawancin kayan abinci daga Italiya da Faransa. Muhimman cultivars sune kayan lambu da dankali a cikin Vorderpfalz da asparagus a cikin kwarin Rhine. Saboda yanayin Bahar Rum akwai kuma almond, kiwi, 'ya'yan itacen lemun tsami da ɓaure da ke girma a can sabili da haka abincin ya yi kama da abincin jihohin Bahar Rum kamar [[Italiya]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da kuma musamman [[Faransa]]. Ƙaunar mutanen Palatine ga abinci mai kyau yayi kama da na Faransanci kuma ana iya ganinsa musamman a cikin bukukuwan jama'a da kuma wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda jigoginsu akai-akai game da abinci ko abin sha. Baya ga bukukuwan ruwan inabi da yawa akwai kuma wasu ƙwarewar abinci da aka nuna kuma aka yi bikin kamar asparagus a Dudenhofen, pretzel a Speyer, radish a Schifferstadt, Handkäse a Lustadt, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]] a Bellheim ko tasa Saumagen a Kallstadt. === Yammacin Palatinate === Abincin wannan yankin har ma da zuciya kuma abincin gargajiya sun haɗa da: * Hooriche (ma'anar "gashi"), ƙananan Kwallon dankali da aka yi amfani da su tare da cream-bacon-sauce * Schales, abincin da ya kunshi dankali, naman alade, albasa, da kuma Nutmeg mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin burodi a cikin burodi, kuma ana yawan ba da shi tare da sauce na apple * ''Lakzervelat'', wani nau'in sausage da aka yi da nama mai warkewa, musamman ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin [[Kirsimeti]] da Sabuwar Shekara * ''Anduddel'', kuma sausage mai ɗanɗano sosai don dafa abinci. === Yankin zuwa Faransa === A yankin da ke iyaka da Faransa, tasirin makwabta sananne ne. Abincin kamar ''Flammkuchen'' sun shahara sosai har ma da escargots sun zama ruwan dare. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Anna Bergner: Pfälzer Kochbuch. Eine Sammlung von 1002 praktisch bewährten Kochrecepten aller Art, begründet auf 30jährige Erfahrung. Nebst einem Anhange von 28 mayi Speise-Zetteln. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] (a kan layi) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 07yu9twgbay16ueoq2tc0e5x4svtd5a 905435 905434 2026-08-21T06:30:07Z Alubaki 30448 905435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Grumbeersupp un Quetschekuche (soup na dankali da cake) ]] Abinci na yankin Palatinate na [[Jamus]] an ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar abincin yanki waɗanda suka zama sanannun a duk yankin har ma da baya. == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Abinci na gargajiya na Palatine yana da yawa kuma yana da mahimmanci, galibi saboda yawan mutanen da ke aiki tukuru ne suka haɓaka girke-girke ko kuma a lokutan [[talauci]]. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran Abincin Jamus na yanki, abincinsa ma ya fi zafi kuma ya fi ɗanɗano. Wani kayan yaji da aka saba amfani da shi don sausage da dankali shine marjoram . == Nama == [[Fayil:Fläschknepp_mit_Meerretichsoß.jpg|right|thumb|''Flääschknepp'' (nama) tare da soya mai suna]] Mafi shahararren abincin daga Palatinate shine ''Saumagen'' (ma'ana ciki na [[Aladu|alade]]) wanda shine cakuda nama na alade, naman sausage, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]], [[albasa]], marjoram, [[Kaninfari|cloves]] da albasa a cikin kwalliya, al'ada ciki na aladu, wanda aka dafa cakuda. Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin kayan gargajiya, akwai bambance-bambance tare da ƙarin sinadaran da kayan yaji. Ana sanyaya samfurin da aka gama, an yanke shi cikin yatsan yatsa kuma ana sayar da shi a duk masu yankan nama a yankin Palatinate. Ana soya sassan kuma yawanci ana ba da su tare da sauerkraut da burodi ko dankali, wani lokacin tare da ruwan kasa. Coarse ''Bratwürste'', liverwurst da Sausage na jini, hanta ''Knödel'' da nama, wanda aka fi amfani da shi tare da sauce na horseradish, sune sassan abinci na Palatinate. Kamar a makwabciyar Alsace, sauerkraut abinci ne na musamman a kowane yanayi, amma musamman a cikin hunturu. Sauran abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a cikin Babban abinci sune dankali da ruwan kasa ko da yake Gidajen cin abinci da yawa suna ba da gurasar rye maimakon dankali. Wani shahararren abinci wanda ke da muhimmancin al'adu shine Pfälzer Dreifaltigkeit ("Trinity Trinity"): haɗuwa ce da ''Saumagen'' da aka bayyana a sama, ''Bratwurst'' da hanta ''Knödel''. == Kifi == A cikin Tsakiyar Tsakiya, ƙananan [[Korama|koguna]] da yawa da ke gudana daga Dajin Palatinate zuwa Rhine sun kasance cikin gidajen ibada ko manoma don ƙirƙirar ƙananan tafkuna kifi. Kodayake da yawa daga cikin waɗannan sun tafi, har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci na gargajiya da yawa a tsakiyar gandun daji waɗanda abincin su ke nuna kifi iri-iri. A zamanin yau, ana ba da nau'ikan kifi na "zamani" da yawa tare da nau'in gargajiya kamar trout, roach, zander, pike da carp. Wani sanannen al'ada na biyu na abincin kifi kusa da wanda tafkunan kifi suka kula da shi ya wanzu a gefen kogin Rhine wanda ke da wadataccen kifi, musamman kafin Masana'antu. Mutane da yawa masunta ne kuma a cikin garin Speyer akwai ma ƙungiyar don wannan sana'a wanda ya kama nau'ikan kifi iri-iri, amma musamman [[salmon]] da eel suna da mahimmanci. A yayin masana'antu Rhine ya gurɓata kuma nau'o'i da yawa ba za su iya rayuwa a can ba, ko kuma kifin ba za a iya cinye shi ba. Amma har ma bayan asarar wuraren kamun kifi, yawan jama'a sun ci gaba da sha'awar kifi kuma a zamanin yau har yanzu akwai gidajen cin abinci da yawa a gefen Rhine da Kwarin Rhine waɗanda ke ƙwarewa a cikin jita-jita na kifi kuma ƙauyuka da yawa har yanzu suna murna da bukukuwan masunta na gargajiya inda ake ba da zaɓi daban-daban na kifi. == Sauran abubuwa == [[Fayil:BDampfnudeln_WPB.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Dampfnudle'']] [[Fayil:Essenstand_Grumbeersupp_un_Quetschekuche.JPG|right|thumb|250x250px|''Grumbeersupp da Quetschekuche'']] [[Fayil:Pflaumenkuchen.jpg|right|thumb|Kakar gashin gashin gashi]] Wani shahararren abinci daga Palatinate shine ''Dampfnudeln'' ("noodles masu tururi") tare da ɓawon gishiri. A al'ada Babban abinci ne kuma ana jin daɗinsa ko dai fure da kayan abinci masu daɗi kamar su ruwan inabi, vanilla sauce ko kayan adana 'ya'yan itace kamar mirabelle, plums ko pear ko tare da kayan ado masu kyau kamar sop na dankali, sop na kayan lambu ko goulash. A wasu sassan Palatinate har ma ya zama ruwan dare a ci su a matsayin abincin abinci tare da miya mai tsami sannan kuma tare da kayan abinci masu dadi a matsayin babban abinci. A lokacin furotin babban abincin da aka saba amfani da shi shine "Grumbeersupp und Quetschekuche" wanda shine abincin dankali da kek kuma don kayan zaki ana ba da <nowiki><i id="mwdA">Kerscheplotzer</i></nowiki>. Wani abincin yanayi shine ''Zwiebelkuchen'' wanda aka saba ba da shi tare da ''Federweisser'' a cikin kaka. Har ila yau ana cinye su akai-akai ''Gebreedelde'' hanta shine nau'in Palatinate na dankali da aka dafa tare da naman alade ko liverwurst. Amma kuma dankali da aka dafa tare da quark, [[albasa]], caraway, albasa ko Chive suna da mashahuri sosai. Abincin gargajiya wanda ya wanzu galibi saboda ma'aikata a gonakin inabi shine ''Weck, Worscht un Woi'' (bun, nama da ruwan inabi). [[Fayil:WeckWorschtWoi2.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|''Weck, Worscht un Woi'']] == Bambance-bambance na Yankin == === Na baya da Kudancin Palatinate === Mafi mahimmancin samfurin noma a can kuma ɗayan shahararrun kayan fitarwa shine ruwan inabi. An shuka shi galibi tare da Weinstraße inda saboda halin da yake ciki a gefen yammacin Kwarin Rhine kuma kusa da kewayon tsaunuka Haardt yanayin yanayi mai sauƙi yana tabbatar da yanayin mafi kyau. A al'adance farin ruwan inabi sune musamman Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner da Kerner. Shahararrun jan giya sune Blauer Portugieser da Dornfelder . Ruwan inabi ba kawai yana da mahimmanci don shan abinci ba amma kuma ana amfani dashi akai-akai a matsayin sinadarin sauces ko kayan zaki. Kamar yadda itatuwan chestnut da yawa ke girma a cikin Haardt abincin wannan yankin yana da nau'ikan kayan abinci da yawa musamman a lokacin kaka da [[Kirsimeti|Lokacin Kirsimeti]]. Ana ba da su da kyau tare da wasan, [[Agwagwa|Duck]] ko rabbit wanda kuma shine hanyar gargajiya ta cin su amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan masu dafa abinci na gidajen cin abinci masu kyau sun daidaita yawancin kayan abinci daga Italiya da Faransa. Muhimman cultivars sune kayan lambu da dankali a cikin Vorderpfalz da asparagus a cikin kwarin Rhine. Saboda yanayin Bahar Rum akwai kuma almond, kiwi, 'ya'yan itacen lemun tsami da ɓaure da ke girma a can sabili da haka abincin ya yi kama da abincin jihohin Bahar Rum kamar [[Italiya]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da kuma musamman [[Faransa]]. Ƙaunar mutanen Palatine ga abinci mai kyau yayi kama da na Faransanci kuma ana iya ganinsa musamman a cikin bukukuwan jama'a da kuma wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda jigoginsu akai-akai game da abinci ko abin sha. Baya ga bukukuwan ruwan inabi da yawa akwai kuma wasu ƙwarewar abinci da aka nuna kuma aka yi bikin kamar asparagus a Dudenhofen, pretzel a Speyer, radish a Schifferstadt, Handkäse a Lustadt, [[Dankalin turawa|dankali]] a Bellheim ko tasa Saumagen a Kallstadt. === Yammacin Palatinate === Abincin wannan yankin har ma da zuciya kuma abincin gargajiya sun haɗa da: * Hooriche (ma'anar "gashi"), ƙananan Kwallon dankali da aka yi amfani da su tare da cream-bacon-sauce * Schales, abincin da ya kunshi dankali, naman alade, albasa, da kuma Nutmeg mai yawa. Yawancin lokaci ana yin burodi a cikin burodi, kuma ana yawan ba da shi tare da sauce na apple * ''Lakzervelat'', wani nau'in sausage da aka yi da nama mai warkewa, musamman ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin [[Kirsimeti]] da Sabuwar Shekara * ''Anduddel'', kuma sausage mai ɗanɗano sosai don dafa abinci. === Yankin zuwa Faransa === A yankin da ke iyaka da Faransa, tasirin makwabta sananne ne. Abincin kamar ''Flammkuchen'' sun shahara sosai har ma da escargots sun zama ruwan dare. == Ƙarin karantawa == * Anna Bergner: Pfälzer Kochbuch. Eine Sammlung von 1002 praktisch bewährten Kochrecepten aller Art, begründet auf 30jährige Erfahrung. Nebst einem Anhange von 28 mayi Speise-Zetteln. [Inda Aka Ɗauko Hoto da ke shafi na 5] (a kan layi) [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 91i72684nvmxcahdm9hl38xbif2g5t1 0 165020 905437 2026-08-21T06:38:56Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369530631|Pörkölt]]" 905437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Pörkölt|image=2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-1.jpg|caption=Hungarian style beef stew with dumplings}}'''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Pörkölt''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}}{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} []) nama ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Hungariya|Hungary]], amma ana cinye shi a duk faɗin Tsakiyar Turai.{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} == A Hungary == Pörkölt stew ne na Hungary tare da nama mara ƙashi, paprika, da wasu kayan lambu. Bai kamata a rikita shi da ''gulyás'' ba, stew tare da karin soya ko miya (ta amfani da nama tare da ƙasusuwa, ''[[Kazar paprikash|paprikas]]'', caraway, kayan lambu da dankali ko ƙananan dumplings daban-daban ko pasta da aka dafa tare da nama), ko paprikás, wanda ke amfani da nama, paprika da cream mai nauyi kawai). Pörkölt, paprikás da gulyás ana ɗaukar su abinci na ƙasa na Hungary. Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban na pörkölt daga yanki zuwa yanki. A mafi yawan sassan Hungary, ana yin pörkölt tare da naman sa ko naman alade. Kalmar ''pörkölt'' tana nufin 'tsuntsu'. Pörkölt an yi shi da [[nama]], [[albasa]], da [[paprika]] mai zaki. Tomato ko [[Tumatir]] paste, kore pepper, marjoram, da tafarnuwa sune ƙari na yau da kullun ga girke-girke na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pörkölt |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/porkolt}}</ref> Idan babu foda na paprika, foda mai laushi ko mara zafi shine madadin da ya dace amma yana iya canza halin abincin dan kadan. Ana iya amfani da kowane irin [[nama]] yayin yin pörkölt. Mafi yawanci shine naman sa, Ɗan rago, kaza, da naman alade, amma ana iya amfani da wasan, ciki da hanta. Wani bambancin pörkölt, wanda ake kira ''pacalpörkölt'' ana shirya shi ta amfani da tripe. Wani bambancin shine ''gombapörkölt'', wanda ke da ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki maimakon nama. [[Fayil:Tarhonya-4.JPG|thumb|Nokedli da aka yi amfani da shi azaman abincin gefe]] Yawancin ingancin tukunya na pörkölt ana samunsa ne a cikin amfani da sinadaran kaɗan. Rashin ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano na foda [[paprika]] da aka yi amfani da shi yana da mahimmanci ga ɗanɗano. Wata hanyar dabara mai sauƙi ta Hungary don yin pörkölt mai kyau ita ce ta fara dafa albasa a cikin man fetur ko mai, kafin yin wani abu. Sa'an nan kuma a ajiye tukunya kuma nan da nan a ƙara [[paprika]] foda da nama da kuma "burma-fry" (wannan shine asalin aikatau ''pörkölni'' - 'don gasa'). Ta wannan hanyar ana adana ruwan 'ya'yan itace a ciki. Ana ƙara ruwa, daidai da ƙarar nama. Ya kamata a dafa ''Pörkölt'' a hankali a cikin ruwa kadan. Bai kamata a yi amfani da gari ba don kauri pörkölt na Hungary. A Hungary, ana ba da pörkölt tare da [[Pasta]] (''Tészta''), ''tarhonya'' (babban hatsi na pasta na Hungary), ''galuska'', ko ''nokedli'' a matsayin abincin gefe. Dankali da aka dafa shi ma kayan ado ne na yau da kullun, kuma pickles na iya cika abincin. Mutanen Romani suna da nasu nau'in abincin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Töklecsótól a Bodagig |url=https://info.szolnok.hu/files/Cigány%20ételek%20Szolnok%20környékéről-1%20-%20nyomdakész%20változat%202016.03.21..pdf |website=info.szolnok.hu |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Botos Claudia |date=2025-04-08 |title=Szaftos, bőséges cigánypörkölt: lecsós alappal készül |trans-title=Juicy, hearty gypsy stew: made with a lecsó base |url=https://sobors.hu/receptek/ciganyporkolt-recept/ |language=hu}}</ref> == A wajen Hungary == [[Fayil:Marhapörkölt_juhtúrós_sztrapacskával.jpg|thumb|Saki na naman sa tare da cuku na gida]] Akwai wani nau'i daban-daban na Hungary ''pörkölt'' stew, ''tokány'', wani Transylvania stew wanda ba ya jaddada amfani da [[paprika]] kamar yadda ''pörkölt'' yake a Hungary daidai. Wadannan stews ne ta amfani da baƙar fata da kayan abinci kamar marjoram don kayan yaji a maimakon haka, sau da yawa ana yin su da nama, kayan lambu da ƙwayoyin daji, dangane da lokacin da yankin. ''Tokány'' sau da yawa ana ba da shi tare da cream mai zaki, kuma ana ba da ''puliszka'' (polenta) ko dankali da aka dafa a matsayin abincin gefe. A [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], ana yin ''pörkölt'' tare da naman alade, giya, gurasa mai duhu da caraway. Sau da yawa ana ba da manyan dumplings na Czech ''knedlíky'' tare da shi. A [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]], ana kiran abincin ''Pergelt'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dumplings na ''Halušky''. Goulash (Polish: ''Gulasz'') yayi kama da ''Pörkölt'' na Hungary, kuma yana da mashahuri a [[Poland]], yawanci ana cinye shi tare da dankali. A [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] ana kiranta ''Golaž'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dankali mai laushi ko polenta mai kauri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=Hungarian Goulash |url=https://jernejkitchen.com/recipes/beef/hungarian-goulash}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} lcxco7zq4muoipqj0af8ohx1z48xjar 905438 905437 2026-08-21T06:42:24Z Alubaki 30448 905438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Pörkölt|image=2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-1.jpg|caption=Hungarian style beef stew with dumplings}}'''Pörkölt''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}}{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} []) nama ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Hungariya|Hungary]], amma ana cinye shi a duk faɗin Tsakiyar Turai.{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} == A Hungary == Pörkölt stew ne na Hungary tare da nama mara ƙashi, paprika, da wasu kayan lambu. Bai kamata a rikita shi da ''gulyás'' ba, stew tare da karin soya ko miya (ta amfani da nama tare da ƙasusuwa, ''[[Kazar paprikash|paprikas]]'', caraway, kayan lambu da dankali ko ƙananan dumplings daban-daban ko pasta da aka dafa tare da nama), ko paprikás, wanda ke amfani da nama, paprika da cream mai nauyi kawai). Pörkölt, paprikás da gulyás ana ɗaukar su abinci na ƙasa na Hungary. Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban na pörkölt daga yanki zuwa yanki. A mafi yawan sassan Hungary, ana yin pörkölt tare da naman sa ko naman alade. Kalmar ''pörkölt'' tana nufin 'tsuntsu'. Pörkölt an yi shi da [[nama]], [[albasa]], da [[paprika]] mai zaki. Tomato ko [[Tumatir]] paste, kore pepper, marjoram, da tafarnuwa sune ƙari na yau da kullun ga girke-girke na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pörkölt |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/porkolt}}</ref> Idan babu foda na paprika, foda mai laushi ko mara zafi shine madadin da ya dace amma yana iya canza halin abincin dan kadan. Ana iya amfani da kowane irin [[nama]] yayin yin pörkölt. Mafi yawanci shine naman sa, Ɗan rago, kaza, da naman alade, amma ana iya amfani da wasan, ciki da hanta. Wani bambancin pörkölt, wanda ake kira ''pacalpörkölt'' ana shirya shi ta amfani da tripe. Wani bambancin shine ''gombapörkölt'', wanda ke da ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki maimakon nama. [[Fayil:Tarhonya-4.JPG|thumb|Nokedli da aka yi amfani da shi azaman abincin gefe]] Yawancin ingancin tukunya na pörkölt ana samunsa ne a cikin amfani da sinadaran kaɗan. Rashin ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano na foda [[paprika]] da aka yi amfani da shi yana da mahimmanci ga ɗanɗano. Wata hanyar dabara mai sauƙi ta Hungary don yin pörkölt mai kyau ita ce ta fara dafa albasa a cikin man fetur ko mai, kafin yin wani abu. Sa'an nan kuma a ajiye tukunya kuma nan da nan a ƙara [[paprika]] foda da nama da kuma "burma-fry" (wannan shine asalin aikatau ''pörkölni'' - 'don gasa'). Ta wannan hanyar ana adana ruwan 'ya'yan itace a ciki. Ana ƙara ruwa, daidai da ƙarar nama. Ya kamata a dafa ''Pörkölt'' a hankali a cikin ruwa kadan. Bai kamata a yi amfani da gari ba don kauri pörkölt na Hungary. A Hungary, ana ba da pörkölt tare da [[Pasta]] (''Tészta''), ''tarhonya'' (babban hatsi na pasta na Hungary), ''galuska'', ko ''nokedli'' a matsayin abincin gefe. Dankali da aka dafa shi ma kayan ado ne na yau da kullun, kuma pickles na iya cika abincin. Mutanen Romani suna da nasu nau'in abincin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Töklecsótól a Bodagig |url=https://info.szolnok.hu/files/Cigány%20ételek%20Szolnok%20környékéről-1%20-%20nyomdakész%20változat%202016.03.21..pdf |website=info.szolnok.hu |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Botos Claudia |date=2025-04-08 |title=Szaftos, bőséges cigánypörkölt: lecsós alappal készül |trans-title=Juicy, hearty gypsy stew: made with a lecsó base |url=https://sobors.hu/receptek/ciganyporkolt-recept/ |language=hu}}</ref> == A wajen Hungary == [[Fayil:Marhapörkölt_juhtúrós_sztrapacskával.jpg|thumb|Saki na naman sa tare da cuku na gida]] Akwai wani nau'i daban-daban na Hungary ''pörkölt'' stew, ''tokány'', wani Transylvania stew wanda ba ya jaddada amfani da [[paprika]] kamar yadda ''pörkölt'' yake a Hungary daidai. Wadannan stews ne ta amfani da baƙar fata da kayan abinci kamar marjoram don kayan yaji a maimakon haka, sau da yawa ana yin su da nama, kayan lambu da ƙwayoyin daji, dangane da lokacin da yankin. ''Tokány'' sau da yawa ana ba da shi tare da cream mai zaki, kuma ana ba da ''puliszka'' (polenta) ko dankali da aka dafa a matsayin abincin gefe. A [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], ana yin ''pörkölt'' tare da naman alade, giya, gurasa mai duhu da caraway. Sau da yawa ana ba da manyan dumplings na Czech ''knedlíky'' tare da shi. A [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]], ana kiran abincin ''Pergelt'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dumplings na ''Halušky''. Goulash (Polish: ''Gulasz'') yayi kama da ''Pörkölt'' na Hungary, kuma yana da mashahuri a [[Poland]], yawanci ana cinye shi tare da dankali. A [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] ana kiranta ''Golaž'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dankali mai laushi ko polenta mai kauri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=Hungarian Goulash |url=https://jernejkitchen.com/recipes/beef/hungarian-goulash}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r2qjlhodn9g6n363fb811ye5eh8kv4f 905439 905438 2026-08-21T06:44:39Z Alubaki 30448 /* A Hungary */ 905439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Pörkölt|image=2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-1.jpg|caption=Hungarian style beef stew with dumplings}}'''Pörkölt''' ({{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}}{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} []) nama ne wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Hungariya|Hungary]], amma ana cinye shi a duk faɗin Tsakiyar Turai.{{IPA|hu|ˈpørkølt|lang}} == A Hungary == Pörkölt stew ne na Hungary tare da nama mara ƙashi, paprika, da wasu kayan lambu. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Gergely|first=Anikó|title=Culinaria Hungary|date=2008|publisher=H.F. Ullmann|others=Ruprecht Stempell, Christoph Büschel, Mo Croasdale|isbn=978-3-8331-4996-2|location=Potsdam, Germany|oclc=566879902}}</ref>Bai kamata a rikita shi da ''gulyás'' ba, stew tare da karin soya ko miya (ta amfani da nama tare da ƙasusuwa, ''[[Kazar paprikash|paprikas]]'', caraway, kayan lambu da dankali ko ƙananan dumplings daban-daban ko pasta da aka dafa tare da nama), ko paprikás, wanda ke amfani da nama, paprika da cream mai nauyi kawai). Pörkölt, paprikás da gulyás ana ɗaukar su abinci na ƙasa na Hungary. Akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban na pörkölt daga yanki zuwa yanki. A mafi yawan sassan Hungary, ana yin pörkölt tare da naman sa ko naman alade. Kalmar ''pörkölt'' tana nufin 'tsuntsu'. Pörkölt an yi shi da [[nama]], [[albasa]], da [[paprika]] mai zaki. Tomato ko [[Tumatir]] paste, kore pepper, marjoram, da tafarnuwa sune ƙari na yau da kullun ga girke-girke na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pörkölt |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/porkolt}}</ref> Idan babu foda na paprika, foda mai laushi ko mara zafi shine madadin da ya dace amma yana iya canza halin abincin dan kadan. Ana iya amfani da kowane irin [[nama]] yayin yin pörkölt. Mafi yawanci shine naman sa, Ɗan rago, kaza, da naman alade, amma ana iya amfani da wasan, ciki da hanta. Wani bambancin pörkölt, wanda ake kira ''pacalpörkölt'' ana shirya shi ta amfani da tripe. Wani bambancin shine ''gombapörkölt'', wanda ke da ƙwayoyin cuta a ciki maimakon nama. [[Fayil:Tarhonya-4.JPG|thumb|Nokedli da aka yi amfani da shi azaman abincin gefe]] Yawancin ingancin tukunya na pörkölt ana samunsa ne a cikin amfani da sinadaran kaɗan. Rashin ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano na foda [[paprika]] da aka yi amfani da shi yana da mahimmanci ga ɗanɗano. Wata hanyar dabara mai sauƙi ta Hungary don yin pörkölt mai kyau ita ce ta fara dafa albasa a cikin man fetur ko mai, kafin yin wani abu. Sa'an nan kuma a ajiye tukunya kuma nan da nan a ƙara [[paprika]] foda da nama da kuma "burma-fry" (wannan shine asalin aikatau ''pörkölni'' - 'don gasa'). Ta wannan hanyar ana adana ruwan 'ya'yan itace a ciki. Ana ƙara ruwa, daidai da ƙarar nama. Ya kamata a dafa ''Pörkölt'' a hankali a cikin ruwa kadan. Bai kamata a yi amfani da gari ba don kauri pörkölt na Hungary. A Hungary, ana ba da pörkölt tare da [[Pasta]] (''Tészta''), ''tarhonya'' (babban hatsi na pasta na Hungary), ''galuska'', ko ''nokedli'' a matsayin abincin gefe. Dankali da aka dafa shi ma kayan ado ne na yau da kullun, kuma pickles na iya cika abincin. Mutanen Romani suna da nasu nau'in abincin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Töklecsótól a Bodagig |url=https://info.szolnok.hu/files/Cigány%20ételek%20Szolnok%20környékéről-1%20-%20nyomdakész%20változat%202016.03.21..pdf |website=info.szolnok.hu |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Botos Claudia |date=2025-04-08 |title=Szaftos, bőséges cigánypörkölt: lecsós alappal készül |trans-title=Juicy, hearty gypsy stew: made with a lecsó base |url=https://sobors.hu/receptek/ciganyporkolt-recept/ |language=hu}}</ref> == A wajen Hungary == [[Fayil:Marhapörkölt_juhtúrós_sztrapacskával.jpg|thumb|Saki na naman sa tare da cuku na gida]] Akwai wani nau'i daban-daban na Hungary ''pörkölt'' stew, ''tokány'', wani Transylvania stew wanda ba ya jaddada amfani da [[paprika]] kamar yadda ''pörkölt'' yake a Hungary daidai. Wadannan stews ne ta amfani da baƙar fata da kayan abinci kamar marjoram don kayan yaji a maimakon haka, sau da yawa ana yin su da nama, kayan lambu da ƙwayoyin daji, dangane da lokacin da yankin. ''Tokány'' sau da yawa ana ba da shi tare da cream mai zaki, kuma ana ba da ''puliszka'' (polenta) ko dankali da aka dafa a matsayin abincin gefe. A [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], ana yin ''pörkölt'' tare da naman alade, giya, gurasa mai duhu da caraway. Sau da yawa ana ba da manyan dumplings na Czech ''knedlíky'' tare da shi. A [[Slofakiya|Slovakia]], ana kiran abincin ''Pergelt'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dumplings na ''Halušky''. Goulash (Polish: ''Gulasz'') yayi kama da ''Pörkölt'' na Hungary, kuma yana da mashahuri a [[Poland]], yawanci ana cinye shi tare da dankali. A [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]] ana kiranta ''Golaž'' kuma ana ba da shi tare da dankali mai laushi ko polenta mai kauri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2019 |title=Hungarian Goulash |url=https://jernejkitchen.com/recipes/beef/hungarian-goulash}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin miyar taushe|Jerin stews]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8f55q7tfjez7nzgw8izhl9lmp9o5piy 0 165021 905442 2026-08-21T07:05:19Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368431294|Bread in American cuisine]]" 905442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren". == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki. Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba. == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] j15c2mzvbd23mui101s7zc9h4ao6io8 905443 905442 2026-08-21T07:06:41Z Alubaki 30448 905443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren". == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki. Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba. == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l17yf4p6iuwiwwd3tp10ma1khssrtot 905444 905443 2026-08-21T07:09:08Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 905444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki. Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba. == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] abtpqlpz2tg4msurmx9dqp3au77kh0v 905446 905444 2026-08-21T07:10:12Z Alubaki 30448 /* Yisti */ 905446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki. Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] or30yfypivyo3fc0ab8uqo8lmnx9mnk 905447 905446 2026-08-21T07:13:21Z Alubaki 30448 /* Yisti */ 905447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7rfds2nq1uqn3tfjhh2w1ahqullua2r 905448 905447 2026-08-21T07:14:19Z Alubaki 30448 /* Gurasar launin ruwan kasa */ 905448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2025}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] on1qjuqlql0fa4iwqiy4a1z1xrokhp6 905449 905448 2026-08-21T07:14:57Z Alubaki 30448 /* Gurasar dankali */ 905449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar. === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".   == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sxz5gtb0vkxtzc1onn2utqjr6r9hn27 905450 905449 2026-08-21T07:16:00Z Alubaki 30448 /* Gurasar Anadama */ 905450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar.<ref name=oup>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel. === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".   == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2d3dzt43dez5zc9z7a1dptuw2j8f2dh 905451 905450 2026-08-21T07:17:20Z Alubaki 30448 /* Bagels */ 905451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar.<ref name=oup>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel.<ref name=oup/> === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".   == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4r2pfrvs173wi5hda3nx4j0j5oow17n 905452 905451 2026-08-21T07:17:41Z Alubaki 30448 /* Bialy */ 905452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar.<ref name=oup>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel.<ref name=oup/> === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai.<ref name=oup/> === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".   == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tt61yuamlbuw8web1ln22tzyn03kxcn 905453 905452 2026-08-21T07:18:54Z Alubaki 30448 905453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gurasa a cikin Abincin Amurka''' shine kewayon yisti da gurasa da aka yi da dabarun daban-daban waɗanda suka kasance kayan abinci na Amurka tun aƙalla lokacin mulkin mallaka goma sha uku. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Harriet_Beecher_Stowe_by_Francis_Holl.JPG|thumb|Harriet Beecher Stowe, wacce ta hada hannu da The American Woman's Home tare da 'yar'uwarta Catherine Beecher, ta yi imanin cewa burodi na yisti da aka yi a gida shine kawai ingancin burodi.]] Har ma kafin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, murfin ƙarfe ya ba mata damar yin burodi a gida, maimakon yin burodi da aka yi a murfin jama'a ko wuraren yin burodi. [[Burodi|gurasa]] burodi ta kasance aikin gida ne na farko a zamanin Antebellum, tana canzawa ne kawai bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kamar yadda rawar da mata ke takawa a cikin al'umma ba ta cikin gida ba, damuwa ta karu cewa gurasar da aka samar da yawa za ta kasance ƙasa da dandano da inganci, littattafan gida sun karu suna rokon mata su kula da matsayinsu a cikin gida. Catherine Beecher da Harriet Beecher Stowe sun yi amfani da harshen Nassi don neman mata masu karatu su "tsaye a hanya, su nemi tsoffin hanyoyin, kuma su koma ga kyakkyawan yisti-gurasa na kakanninsu masu tsarki".<ref name="dolan">{{Cite journal |last=Dolan |first=Kathryn Cornell |date=2015 |title=Her Daily Bread: Food and Labor in Louisa May Alcott |journal=American Literary Realism |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=40–57 |doi=10.5406/amerlitereal.48.1.0040 |s2cid=161241590}}</ref> A cikin shekarun 1920 an yi amfani da masana'antar farin burodi ta atomatik kuma gurasar da aka riga aka yanka ta zama samuwa a karon farko, mai yiwuwa ta samo asali ne daga Chillicothe, Missouri. Bayan wannan, wasu nau'ikan alkama na tarihi kamar Alkama na Marquis sun daina samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What Is American Bread? |url=https://www.foodnetwork.com/fn-dish/news/2017/06/what-is-american-bread |website=Food Network}}</ref> Fararen burodi ya zama alama ce ta ƙarfin zamani da Masana'antu, amma kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gardama. Wasu sun ga gurasar alkama ta fi lafiya da kuma zabi na ɗabi'a; Bernarr Macfadden ya riƙe ra'ayin cewa farin burodi yana barazana ga lafiya da fifiko na "fararen tseren".<ref>{{cite news |title=The History Of American White Bread Is Anything But Bland |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/11/03/454316172/why-the-history-of-american-white-bread-is-anything-but-bland}}</ref> == Yisti == Sau da yawa ana amfani da [[Yis|Yisti]] lokacin yin burodi kuma yana iya zama mai dadi ko mai zaki, amma ana iya yin burodi ba tare da yisti ba tare da ruwa da gari kawai a cikin kwalba da aka saita a cikin ruwa mai dumi, game da daidaito na pan cake batter (gurasa na kwayoyin halitta da ruwa mara chlorinated a wannan zamanin ya ba da damar ci gaban Yisti na daji). Da zarar mai yankan ya tashi za a kara karin gari har sai ya kai ga daidaito na gurasar burodi, sannan a tsara shi cikin burodi kuma a ajiye shi a cikin kwandon burodi. Lokacin da gurasar ta bushe sosai har ta fara fashewa, tana shirye don yin burodi. Ana iya yin wani burodi mara yisti tare da haɗuwa da cream na tartar (acid) da sodium bicarbonate. Ana iya amfani da soda don yin amfani da madara mai zaki don yin burodi mai zaki mai zaki.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howland |first=Esther Allen |title=The New England Economical Housekeeper |date=1844}}</ref> Ana iya yin yisti ta hanyar tafasa gari tare da sukari da gishiri. Ana iya yin amfani da wannan maganin "ruwan yisti" kuma a yi amfani da shi lokacin da Yisti na mai yin burodi bai kasance ba.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hearn |first=Lafcasio |title=La Cuisine Creole |date=1926 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXEEAAAAYAAJ |page=123}}</ref> == Nau'o'i == === Gurasar Anadama === [[Fayil:Anadama_bread_(1).jpg|thumb|Gurasar Anadama daga New EnglandSabuwar Ingila]] Gurasar Anadama, gurasar yisti da aka yi da masara da molasses, ta samo asali ne daga yankin Arewacin Boston; garuruwa da yawa suna da'awar yabo ga halittar gurasar.<ref name=oup>{{cite book |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> === Bagels === Bagels sun zama abincin titi na yau da kullun a unguwar Lower East Side ta Birnin New York a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai. An kafa kungiyar masu yin burodi ta Beigel ta Duniya a cikin 1907, wanda ya kunshi masu yin burodin bagel 300. An yi shi da hannu a cikin ƙananan wuraren yin burodi, an kiyaye sirrin bagels sosai, sananne ne kawai ga 'ya'yan membobin ƙungiyar; babu wanda aka ba da izinin ko ya koya ko kuma ya koya wa girke-girke na bagel.<ref name=oup/> === Bialy === [[Fayil:KOSSAR_BIALY-18.jpg|thumb|Bialys, kama da bagels]] Bialys suna da alaƙa da abincin Yahudawa na Amurka. Kamar bagel mai alaƙa, sun shiga abincin Amurka a farkon karni na 20 tare da isowar baƙi Yahudawa na gabashin Turai.<ref name=oup/> === Gurasar launin ruwan kasa === An yi burodi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da "abinci na Indiya" (Abinci na masara) da Rye, wanda za'a iya ƙara molasses. === Gurasar dankali === A tarihi, ana yin burodi na dankalin turawa tare da dankalin da aka dafa kuma an ba da izinin ferment. Esther Allen Howland ta ba da shawarar ruwa fiye da madara saboda gurasar da aka yi da madara ta lalace da sauri. A cewar Howland "Yayin da yawan dankali ya fi girma, burodi zai fi sauƙi; amma idan rabo ya fi girma sosai, burodi za ya zama mai sauƙi don bushewa, idan an ajiye shi kwanaki da yawa".   == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An lura da Louisa May Alcott don amfani da burodi a matsayin alama ta wuta da gida, bangaren gida, da kuma sadaka ta Kirista, jigogi da ke da alaƙa da mata a cikin aikin Alcott. A cikin litattafanta Little Women and Eight Cousins kicin wuri ne na mata; Alcott ya ga burodi da sauran ƙwarewar mata na al'ada kamar yadda yake cikawa da wadata a zamanin duniya. Ta hanyar amfani da misalin yin burodi, da kuma nuna wahalar halayen yin hakan, Alcott ya nuna cewa ƙwarewar gida a cikin dafa abinci sun cancanci kamar waɗancan ayyukan da aka ba da su ga maza. A cikin Eight Cousins ta rubuta: "Ya kasance wani lokaci kafin cikakkiyar gurasar ta bayyana, domin yin burodi fasaha ce da ba a iya koya da ita ba... don haka Rose ta fara nazarin yisti, kuma ta hanyar matakai daban-daban na cake da kuki ta zo a ƙarshe ga ɗaukakar ɗaukakar 'kyakkyawan gurasar". <ref name="dolan" /> == Duba kuma == * Tarihin burodi a California * Jerin gurasar Amurka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m0xhm4u1cks78wq4xnh4xhofvi4c7du 0 165022 905456 2026-08-21T07:41:38Z Bembety 20498 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366609275|Mercy Faith Lakisa]]" 905456 wikitext text/x-wiki Mercy Faith Lakisa ’yar siyasar Uganda ce. Ita ce ’yar majalisar dokoki ta Uganda mai wakiltar mata daga gundumar Alebtong <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: 2026 polls: NRM, UPC share spoils in Lango |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/2026-polls-nrm-upc-share-spoils-in-lango-NV_226448_052026 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref> likitan hakora, Jagoran Matasa na gundumar Aleptong, kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Guild na 83rd a [[Jami'ar Makerere]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=New cabinet: Uganda's youngest and oldest ministers named |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/new-cabinet-ugandas-youngest-and-oldest-ministers-named-2026052706211701169 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Chaos as Makerere alumni elect convocation leaders |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/chaos-as-makerere-alumni-elect-convocation-leaders-4070816 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta Ministan Jiha na Matasa da Harkokin Yara a majalisar dokokin Uganda ta goma sha biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=Lango celebrates four ministerial positions in new Cabinet |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/lango-celebrates-four-ministerial-positions-in-new-cabinet-5475256 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjie |date=2026-05-27 |title=The 30 new faces in Museveni's 2026-2031 Cabinet |url=https://mbu.ug/2026/05/27/new-cabinet-reshuffle-uganda-2026/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2026-05-26 |title=News: Museveni reshuffles Cabinet, retains Alupo and Nabbanja |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-reshuffles-cabinet-retains-alupo-and-NV_234408_052026 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Naɗin Lakisa a matsayin Ministan majalisar ministoci ya sanya ta ƙaramar minista a sabuwar majalisar ministocin Shugaba Yoweri Museveni a Majalisar dokokin Uganda ta goma sha biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=New cabinet: Uganda's youngest and oldest ministers named |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/new-cabinet-ugandas-youngest-and-oldest-ministers-named-2026052706211701169 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Nadawarta da aka yi mata na minista ta ƙara bayyana rawar matasa shugabanni a cikin gwamnati, tare da samar da wani sabon rukunin ’yan siyasa matasa da za su iya ci gaba da tabbatar da muhimmancin siyasar NRM a dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Museveni's new cabinet signals strategic youth empowerment |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/opinions/344666/president-musevenis-new-cabinet-signals-strategic-youth-empowerment |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta tsaya a matsayin shugaban Guild a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], inda ta fito ta uku tare da kuri'u 1,567 a karkashin dan takarar Democrat mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Makerere Back to Business After Guild Election Chaos |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/hooliganism-tramps-issues-as-fdcs-kato-wins-at-makerere-university |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Strikes, dialogue top Mak guild's agenda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/strikes-dialogue-top-mak-guild-s-agenda-1696022 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar Mataimakin Shugaban Guild a Jami'ar Makerere . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Press Statement: Makerere University Congratulates Former Staff and Students on Successful Election to Public Office |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2026/01/press-statement-makerere-university-congratulates-former-staff-and-students-on-successful-election-to-public-office/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ba'alamu Barugahara == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:'Yan siyasan Uganda]] 7lo4l8s9ss1tw1bzs3de5add9kb13y2 905457 905456 2026-08-21T07:42:14Z Bembety 20498 905457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mercy Faith Lakisa''' ’yar siyasar Uganda ce. Ita ce ’yar majalisar dokoki ta Uganda mai wakiltar mata daga gundumar Alebtong <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apunyo |first=Hudson |date=2026-01-18 |title=Ugandaelections2026: 2026 polls: NRM, UPC share spoils in Lango |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/ugandaelections2026/2026-polls-nrm-upc-share-spoils-in-lango-NV_226448_052026 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref> likitan hakora, Jagoran Matasa na gundumar Aleptong, kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Guild na 83rd a [[Jami'ar Makerere]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=New cabinet: Uganda's youngest and oldest ministers named |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/new-cabinet-ugandas-youngest-and-oldest-ministers-named-2026052706211701169 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-30 |title=Chaos as Makerere alumni elect convocation leaders |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/chaos-as-makerere-alumni-elect-convocation-leaders-4070816 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> An nada ta Ministan Jiha na Matasa da Harkokin Yara a majalisar dokokin Uganda ta goma sha biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=Lango celebrates four ministerial positions in new Cabinet |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/lango-celebrates-four-ministerial-positions-in-new-cabinet-5475256 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Benjie |date=2026-05-27 |title=The 30 new faces in Museveni's 2026-2031 Cabinet |url=https://mbu.ug/2026/05/27/new-cabinet-reshuffle-uganda-2026/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=MBU |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-26 |title=Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/museveni-unveils-new-cabinet-retains-nabbanja-alupo-and-janet-in-key-reshuffle-5474810 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2026-05-26 |title=News: Museveni reshuffles Cabinet, retains Alupo and Nabbanja |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/museveni-reshuffles-cabinet-retains-alupo-and-NV_234408_052026 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Naɗin Lakisa a matsayin Ministan majalisar ministoci ya sanya ta ƙaramar minista a sabuwar majalisar ministocin Shugaba Yoweri Museveni a Majalisar dokokin Uganda ta goma sha biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-27 |title=New cabinet: Uganda's youngest and oldest ministers named |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/new-cabinet-ugandas-youngest-and-oldest-ministers-named-2026052706211701169 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Pulse Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Nadawarta da aka yi mata na minista ta ƙara bayyana rawar matasa shugabanni a cikin gwamnati, tare da samar da wani sabon rukunin ’yan siyasa matasa da za su iya ci gaba da tabbatar da muhimmancin siyasar NRM a dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Museveni's new cabinet signals strategic youth empowerment |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/opinions/344666/president-musevenis-new-cabinet-signals-strategic-youth-empowerment |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ta tsaya a matsayin shugaban Guild a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], inda ta fito ta uku tare da kuri'u 1,567 a karkashin dan takarar Democrat mai zaman kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Makerere Back to Business After Guild Election Chaos |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/hooliganism-tramps-issues-as-fdcs-kato-wins-at-makerere-university |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-15 |title=Strikes, dialogue top Mak guild's agenda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/strikes-dialogue-top-mak-guild-s-agenda-1696022 |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tsohuwar Mataimakin Shugaban Guild a Jami'ar Makerere . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-27 |title=Press Statement: Makerere University Congratulates Former Staff and Students on Successful Election to Public Office |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2026/01/press-statement-makerere-university-congratulates-former-staff-and-students-on-successful-election-to-public-office/ |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ba'alamu Barugahara == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:'Yan siyasan Uganda]] lm500pa1oa2n2nw6l63jdzg472f4whu 0 165023 905464 2026-08-21T07:51:54Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332125487|Ebba Tesdorpf]]" 905464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebba Tesdorpf''' (23 Janairu 1851 - 22 Fabrairu 1920) ta kasance mai zane da kuma mai zane-zane daga [[Hamburg]], [[Jamus]]. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Ebba_Tesdorpf_Selbstportraet.jpg|thumb|Hoton kansa na Ebba Tesdorpf (c. 1885) yana kallon tashar gari a bayan ''Stubbenhuk'', wani karamin titi a Hamburg]] [[Fayil:Hamburg_Stadtdeich_9_farbige_Version.jpg|thumb| ''Ofishin [[JC Jauch & Sons]], Stadtdeich 9'' (kimanin 1880), ɗaya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun launukan ruwa na Ebba Tesdorpf]] Tesdorpf ya fito ne daga dangin Hanseatic . Ita 'yar ɗan kasuwa ce Hans Peter Friedrich Tesdorpf da Antoinette Karoline Mohrmann (wadda a da Abendroth ce). Kakanninta sun haɗa da kakanta Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf (1751–1832) da kakansa, [[Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf]] (1648–1723), dukkansu magajin garin [[Lübeck]] . Ta haɓaka baiwarta ta zane a Hamburg. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci a shekarar 1898 ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin Hermann Gross a Kwalejin da ke [[Düsseldorf]] . Malamanta su ne Mohrhagen Bernhard da [[Johann Theobald Riefesell]] waɗanda suka koyar da zane ga mata na manyan al'umma a Hamburg. Bisa shawarar Justus Brinckmann da Alfred Lichtwark, Tesdorpf ya zana takardu na tsohon yanayin birnin Hamburg a lokacin rushewar ginin a shekarun 1880 da 1890. Rikodin Hamburg ya zama abin sha'awa ga Ebba Tesdorpf. A cikin zane-zanenta ta ɗauki komai daga abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun na Hamburg, titunanta, tsoffin sassan garin da kuma sabbin wurare, tashar jiragen ruwa ta birnin da magudanan ruwa da ke ratsa ta. <ref name="Ebba Tesdorpf">{{Cite web |title=The artist Ebba Tesdorpf |url=http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/de/das-alte-hamburg-online/die-kuenstlerin-ebba-tesdorpf.htm#.Uf8s1JKmiAg |access-date=5 August 2013 |publisher=Artemisium GmbH & Co}}</ref> Bayan rasuwar iyayenta, Tesdorpf ta sami 'yancin kai a fannin kuɗi. A kusan shekarar 1894 ta gaji da rayuwa a Hamburg ta kuma ƙaura zuwa Düsseldorf, inda take zaune tun daga lokacin. Tesdorpf ta bayar da gudummawar zane-zanenta da kuma tarin kayan fasaha masu daraja na ''Hamburgensien'' da ta saya (ayyukan fasaha da suka shafi Hamburg) ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Sana'o'i na Hamburg. Daga baya an mayar da waɗannan kayan tarihi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Hamburg kuma sun ba da wani shiri na musamman game da bayyanar birnin Hamburg a rabin na biyu na ƙarni na 19. Tesdorpf ta ɗauki "aikin" ta na ɗaukar hoton "tsohuwar Hamburg" a matsayin wani abu da ta yi - galibi gine-gine da aka yi niyya don rushewa a shekarun da aka yi ana sabunta birane. Ayyukan rayuwarta sun haɗa da zane-zane sama da 600, tare da wasu zane-zanen ruwa da ta zana a farkon ƙarni. A Düsseldorf ta fi yin zane-zanen mai . Tesdorpf ya mutu ne a lokacin da yake zaune a wani wurin shakatawa a Ahrweiler. [[Fayil:Ebba_Tesdorpf_Fleet,_Beim_alten_Waisenhaus,_1882,_Aquarell,25,3_x_18_cm,_Museum_für_Hamburgische_Geschichte(Inv.-Nr._E_1896,685).png|thumb| ''Tsohon gidan marayu a Hamburg'']] == Manazarta == 7m7c42y1iupobormzg4spskye8czgva 905465 905464 2026-08-21T07:52:17Z Nnamadee 31123 905465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ebba Tesdorpf''' (23 Janairu 1851 - 22 Fabrairu 1920) ta kasance mai zane da kuma mai zane-zane daga [[Hamburg]], [[Jamus]]. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Ebba_Tesdorpf_Selbstportraet.jpg|thumb|Hoton kansa na Ebba Tesdorpf (c. 1885) yana kallon tashar gari a bayan ''Stubbenhuk'', wani karamin titi a Hamburg]] [[Fayil:Hamburg_Stadtdeich_9_farbige_Version.jpg|thumb| ''Ofishin [[JC Jauch & Sons]], Stadtdeich 9'' (kimanin 1880), ɗaya daga cikin 'yan tsirarun launukan ruwa na Ebba Tesdorpf]] Tesdorpf ya fito ne daga dangin Hanseatic . Ita 'yar ɗan kasuwa ce Hans Peter Friedrich Tesdorpf da Antoinette Karoline Mohrmann (wadda a da Abendroth ce). Kakanninta sun haɗa da kakanta Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf (1751–1832) da kakansa, [[Peter Hinrich Tesdorpf]] (1648–1723), dukkansu magajin garin [[Lübeck]] . Ta haɓaka baiwarta ta zane a Hamburg. Na ɗan gajeren lokaci a shekarar 1898 ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin Hermann Gross a Kwalejin da ke [[Düsseldorf]] . Malamanta su ne Mohrhagen Bernhard da [[Johann Theobald Riefesell]] waɗanda suka koyar da zane ga mata na manyan al'umma a Hamburg. Bisa shawarar Justus Brinckmann da Alfred Lichtwark, Tesdorpf ya zana takardu na tsohon yanayin birnin Hamburg a lokacin rushewar ginin a shekarun 1880 da 1890. Rikodin Hamburg ya zama abin sha'awa ga Ebba Tesdorpf. A cikin zane-zanenta ta ɗauki komai daga abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun na Hamburg, titunanta, tsoffin sassan garin da kuma sabbin wurare, tashar jiragen ruwa ta birnin da magudanan ruwa da ke ratsa ta. <ref name="Ebba Tesdorpf">{{Cite web |title=The artist Ebba Tesdorpf |url=http://www.hamburgmuseum.de/de/das-alte-hamburg-online/die-kuenstlerin-ebba-tesdorpf.htm#.Uf8s1JKmiAg |access-date=5 August 2013 |publisher=Artemisium GmbH & Co}}</ref> Bayan rasuwar iyayenta, Tesdorpf ta sami 'yancin kai a fannin kuɗi. A kusan shekarar 1894 ta gaji da rayuwa a Hamburg ta kuma ƙaura zuwa Düsseldorf, inda take zaune tun daga lokacin. Tesdorpf ta bayar da gudummawar zane-zanenta da kuma tarin kayan fasaha masu daraja na ''Hamburgensien'' da ta saya (ayyukan fasaha da suka shafi Hamburg) ga Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha da Sana'o'i na Hamburg. Daga baya an mayar da waɗannan kayan tarihi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Hamburg kuma sun ba da wani shiri na musamman game da bayyanar birnin Hamburg a rabin na biyu na ƙarni na 19. Tesdorpf ta ɗauki "aikin" ta na ɗaukar hoton "tsohuwar Hamburg" a matsayin wani abu da ta yi - galibi gine-gine da aka yi niyya don rushewa a shekarun da aka yi ana sabunta birane. Ayyukan rayuwarta sun haɗa da zane-zane sama da 600, tare da wasu zane-zanen ruwa da ta zana a farkon ƙarni. A Düsseldorf ta fi yin zane-zanen mai . Tesdorpf ya mutu ne a lokacin da yake zaune a wani wurin shakatawa a Ahrweiler. [[Fayil:Ebba_Tesdorpf_Fleet,_Beim_alten_Waisenhaus,_1882,_Aquarell,25,3_x_18_cm,_Museum_für_Hamburgische_Geschichte(Inv.-Nr._E_1896,685).png|thumb| ''Tsohon gidan marayu a Hamburg'']] == Manazarta == dnxltlpehe91o8jb9cma18mqwjp61qy 0 165024 905466 2026-08-21T07:53:41Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324157423|Maria Elisabeth Vogel]]" 905466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Elisabeth Vogel''' (née '''Timmermann''' ; 4 ga Yuli, 1746 - 13 ga Afrilu, 1810, a [[Hamburg]] ) ta kasance mai zane-zane 'yar Jamus daga [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] . An fi saninta da siffar Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock da aka yi a shekarar 1792. Yawancin ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na tarin kayan tarihi na Tarihin Hamburg a yau. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu na farko da aka karɓe su a matsayin membobin girmamawa na Kunsthochschule Kassel a shekarar 1780. An kuma san ta da sunanta na aure '''Maria Elisabeth de Boor''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sitt |first=Martina |date=2017 |title=Elisabeth de Boor - Klopstocks Malerin |journal="Geeignet, junge Künstler zu belehren …" die Anfänge der Kassler Kunstakademie (1777-1830) |language=de |location=Kassel |pages=121–129}}</ref> == Manazarta == 65rx3zipxn8cr9mx2cqwp8vqpw2ouh8 905467 905466 2026-08-21T07:54:06Z Nnamadee 31123 905467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maria Elisabeth Vogel''' (née '''Timmermann''' ; 4 ga Yuli, 1746 - 13 ga Afrilu, 1810, a [[Hamburg]] ) ta kasance mai zane-zane 'yar Jamus daga [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]]. An fi saninta da siffar Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock da aka yi a shekarar 1792. Yawancin ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na tarin kayan tarihi na Tarihin Hamburg a yau. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu na farko da aka karɓe su a matsayin membobin girmamawa na Kunsthochschule Kassel a shekarar 1780. An kuma san ta da sunanta na aure '''Maria Elisabeth de Boor''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sitt |first=Martina |date=2017 |title=Elisabeth de Boor - Klopstocks Malerin |journal="Geeignet, junge Künstler zu belehren …" die Anfänge der Kassler Kunstakademie (1777-1830) |language=de |location=Kassel |pages=121–129}}</ref> == Manazarta == bujpskmps6y6gbc8zq9492cuniw2y4p 905520 905467 2026-08-21T09:00:53Z Baffa ali 47435 905520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Maria Elisabeth Vogel''' (née '''Timmermann''' ; a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli,a shekarar 1746 - zuwa ranar 13 ga watan AHamburga shekarar 1810, a [[Hamburg]] ) ta kasance mai zane-zane 'yar Jamus daga [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]]. An fi saninta da siffar Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock da aka yi a shekarar 1792. Yawancin ayyukanta wani ɓangare ne na tarin kayan tarihi na Tarihin Hamburg a yau. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata huɗu na farko da aka karɓe su a matsayin membobin girmamawa na Kunsthochschule Kassel a shekarar 1780. An kuma san ta da sunanta na aure '''Maria Elisabeth de Boor''' <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sitt |first=Martina |date=2017 |title=Elisabeth de Boor - Klopstocks Malerin |journal="Geeignet, junge Künstler zu belehren …" die Anfänge der Kassler Kunstakademie (1777-1830) |language=de |location=Kassel |pages=121–129}}</ref> == Manazarta == dtwni6x94ar7s8j3dpuszgslq6vxhna 0 165025 905469 2026-08-21T07:55:15Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324159459|Marie Jensen]]" 905469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Marie_Jensen_-_Portrait_of_Wilhelm_Jensen,_Poet_and_Historical_novelist.jpg|thumb| Hoton Wilhelm Jensen]] [[Fayil:Jensen_Grabmal1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ranar haihuwa da mutuwar ma'auratan Jensen a kan kabarinsu a Fraueninsel]] '''Marie Jensen''' (31 ga Agusta 1845 - 18 Disamba 1921) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen hoto. An haifi Jensen a [[Würzburg]] a matsayin 'yar marubucin Jamus Johann August Moritz Bruehl (1819–1877). A shekarar 1865 ta auri mawaki kuma marubuciyar tarihi Wilhelm Jensen a Vienna, wanda ta zana hotonsa. An saka shi a cikin littafin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Duniya . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga cikinsu huɗu sun tsira. Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Stuttgart, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Kiel inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu Katharina (daga baya ta auri Ernst, Yariman Saxe-Meiningen, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya shida). A shekara ta 1872 sun ƙaura zuwa Freiburg inda suka haɗu da masanin yanayin ƙasa Emil Lugo, wanda ya yi faranti 50 don littafinsa game da kewayen Freiburg da Black Forest. Lokacin da Jensens suka ƙaura zuwa Munich Lugo suka raka su, kuma lokacin da suka yi bazara a Fraueninsel, shi ma ya raka su. An binne Marie a can tare da mijinta a ƙarƙashin wani kabari ta hannun mai zane Bernhard Bleeker kusa da kabarin Emil Lugo. == Manazarta == ebpcglks7pzdchh1rq21t2yajwfpex7 905470 905469 2026-08-21T07:56:10Z Nnamadee 31123 905470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Marie_Jensen_-_Portrait_of_Wilhelm_Jensen,_Poet_and_Historical_novelist.jpg|thumb| Hoton Wilhelm Jensen]] [[Fayil:Jensen_Grabmal1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ranar haihuwa da mutuwar ma'auratan Jensen a kan kabarinsu a Fraueninsel]] '''Marie Jensen''' (31 ga Agusta 1845 - 18 Disamba 1921) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen hoto. An haifi Jensen a [[Würzburg]] a matsayin 'yar marubucin Jamus Johann August Moritz Bruehl (1819–1877). A shekarar 1865 ta auri mawaki kuma marubuciyar tarihi Wilhelm Jensen a Vienna, wanda ta zana hotonsa. An saka shi a cikin littafin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Duniya . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga cikinsu huɗu sun tsira. Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Stuttgart, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Kiel inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu Katharina (daga baya ta auri Ernst, Yariman Saxe-Meiningen, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya shida). A shekara ta 1872 sun ƙaura zuwa Freiburg inda suka haɗu da masanin yanayin ƙasa Emil Lugo, wanda ya yi faranti 50 don littafinsa game da kewayen Freiburg da Black Forest. Lokacin da Jensens suka ƙaura zuwa Munich Lugo suka raka su, kuma lokacin da suka yi bazara a Fraueninsel, shi ma ya raka su. An binne Marie a can tare da mijinta a ƙarƙashin wani kabari ta hannun mai zane Bernhard Bleeker kusa da kabarin Emil Lugo. == Manazarta == mdp5b1jbm6e8nxjtp6k7f9q9y00h6if 905471 905470 2026-08-21T07:56:42Z Nnamadee 31123 905471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Marie_Jensen_-_Portrait_of_Wilhelm_Jensen,_Poet_and_Historical_novelist.jpg|thumb| Hoton Wilhelm Jensen]] [[Fayil:Jensen_Grabmal1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ranar haihuwa da mutuwar ma'auratan Jensen a kan kabarinsu a Fraueninsel]] '''Marie Jensen''' (31 ga Agusta 1845 - 18 Disamba 1921) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen hoto. An haifi Jensen a [[Würzburg]] a matsayin 'yar marubucin Jamus Johann August Moritz Bruehl (1819–1877). A shekarar 1865 ta auri mawaki kuma marubuciyar tarihi Wilhelm Jensen a Vienna, wanda ta zana hotonsa. An saka shi a cikin littafin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Duniya . Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga cikinsu huɗu sun tsira. Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Stuttgart, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Kiel inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu Katharina (daga baya ta auri Ernst, Yariman Saxe-Meiningen, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya shida). A shekara ta 1872 sun ƙaura zuwa Freiburg inda suka haɗu da masanin yanayin ƙasa Emil Lugo, wanda ya yi faranti 50 don littafinsa game da kewayen Freiburg da Black Forest. Lokacin da Jensens suka ƙaura zuwa Munich Lugo suka raka su, kuma lokacin da suka yi bazara a Fraueninsel, shi ma ya raka su. An binne Marie a can tare da mijinta a ƙarƙashin wani kabari ta hannun mai zane Bernhard Bleeker kusa da kabarin Emil Lugo.<ref>Grave of Wilhelm and Marie Jensen</ref> == Manazarta == 6k0iv0o7qfp0lh8iog55k3kw1unbr9s 905472 905471 2026-08-21T07:57:22Z Nnamadee 31123 905472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Marie_Jensen_-_Portrait_of_Wilhelm_Jensen,_Poet_and_Historical_novelist.jpg|thumb| Hoton Wilhelm Jensen]] [[Fayil:Jensen_Grabmal1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ranar haihuwa da mutuwar ma'auratan Jensen a kan kabarinsu a Fraueninsel]] '''Marie Jensen''' (31 ga Agusta 1845 - 18 Disamba 1921) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen hoto. An haifi Jensen a [[Würzburg]] a matsayin 'yar marubucin Jamus Johann August Moritz Bruehl (1819–1877). A shekarar 1865 ta auri mawaki kuma marubuciyar tarihi Wilhelm Jensen a Vienna, wanda ta zana hotonsa. An saka shi a cikin littafin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Duniya.<ref>Women Painters of the World on Project Gutenberg</ref> Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga cikinsu huɗu sun tsira. Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Stuttgart, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Kiel inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu Katharina (daga baya ta auri Ernst, Yariman Saxe-Meiningen, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya shida). A shekara ta 1872 sun ƙaura zuwa Freiburg inda suka haɗu da masanin yanayin ƙasa Emil Lugo, wanda ya yi faranti 50 don littafinsa game da kewayen Freiburg da Black Forest. Lokacin da Jensens suka ƙaura zuwa Munich Lugo suka raka su, kuma lokacin da suka yi bazara a Fraueninsel, shi ma ya raka su. An binne Marie a can tare da mijinta a ƙarƙashin wani kabari ta hannun mai zane Bernhard Bleeker kusa da kabarin Emil Lugo.<ref>Grave of Wilhelm and Marie Jensen</ref> == Manazarta == asv3d3nd56jzxoqug5t7t8ktdmw6s2e 905521 905472 2026-08-21T09:03:30Z Baffa ali 47435 905521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Marie_Jensen_-_Portrait_of_Wilhelm_Jensen,_Poet_and_Historical_novelist.jpg|thumb| Hoton Wilhelm Jensen]] [[Fayil:Jensen_Grabmal1_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Ranar haihuwa da mutuwar ma'auratan Jensen a kan kabarinsu a Fraueninsel]] '''Marie Jensen''' ( a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta a shekarar 1845 - zuwa ranar 18 ga watan Disamba a shekarar 1921) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen hoto. An haifi Jensen a [[Würzburg]] a matsayin 'yar marubucin Jamus Johann August Moritz Bruehl ( a shekarar 1819 zuwa shekara ta 1877). A shekarar 1865 ta auri mawaki kuma marubuciyar tarihi Wilhelm Jensen a Vienna, wanda ta zana hotonsa. An saka shi a cikin littafin Mata Masu Zane-zane na Duniya.<ref>Women Painters of the World on Project Gutenberg</ref> Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya shida, daga cikinsu huɗu sun tsira. Ma'auratan sun fara zama a Stuttgart, sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Kiel inda aka haifi ƙaramar 'yarsu Katharina (daga baya ta auri Ernst, Yariman Saxe-Meiningen, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya shida). A shekara ta 1872 sun ƙaura zuwa Freiburg inda suka haɗu da masanin yanayin ƙasa Emil Lugo, wanda ya yi faranti 50 don littafinsa game da kewayen Freiburg da Black Forest. Lokacin da Jensens suka ƙaura zuwa Munich Lugo suka raka su, kuma lokacin da suka yi bazara a Fraueninsel, shi ma ya raka su. An binne Marie a can tare da mijinta a ƙarƙashin wani kabari ta hannun mai zane Bernhard Bleeker kusa da kabarin Emil Lugo.<ref>Grave of Wilhelm and Marie Jensen</ref> == Manazarta == lw0teoejddile2hma2pyddy2a1v3mm3 0 165026 905473 2026-08-21T07:58:15Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326328798|Emmi Walther]]" 905473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Emmi_Walther.jpg|thumb|254x254px| YEmmi Walther<br /><br /><br /><br /> (ba a san kwanan wata ba) Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther.html}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:Walther-Dolls.jpg|thumb|300x300px| 'Yan tsana na Japan, mai a kan zane, 35.5 x 44 cm, Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther2.html}}</ref>]] '''Emmi Louise Walther''' (30 ga Oktoba 1860 - 11 ga Satumba 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane da kuma mai zane-canjen ruwa. Yawancin ayyukanta suna cikin Sabon Art Nouveau ko Symbolist. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[Hamburg]] ga dangin matsakaicin aji kuma ta sami horon fasaha na farko daga mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri, Friedrich Schwinge . Daga baya, ta yi karatu a [[Hanover|Hannover]], amma ba ta fara sha'awar sana'ar fasaha ba har sai da ta kai shekara talatin. A shekarar 1896, ta je Munich, inda ta yi rajista a makarantar zane mai zaman kanta wadda Ludwig Schmid-Reutte ke gudanarwa. Bayan ta kammala karatunta a can, ta koma yankin masu fasaha a Dachau kuma ta yi aiki tare da Adolf Hölzel . A lokacin da take can, ta zama ƙawaye da Emil Nolde kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare da shi, ta hanyar Amsterdam, inda ta ɗauki darasi a makarantar Académie Carmen mai ɗan gajeren lokaci; ta yi abota da Alphonse Mucha, [[Paula Modersohn-Becker|Paula Becker]] da Clara Westhoff . Bayan shekara ta 1900, ta yi zamanta a yankunan masu fasaha a Concarneau da Worpswede ; ta zauna tare da Becker, wanda ya auri mai zane, [[Otto Modersohn]] . Bayan shekara ta 1916, ta zama mazaunin Dachau na dindindin. Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Künstlervereinigung Dachau (Ƙungiyar Masu Zane), wadda har yanzu take nan. Walther ya mutu a Dachau a shekarar 1936. An sanya wa wani titi suna a wurin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmy-Walther-Straße |url=http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627223235/http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |archive-date=2016-06-27 |access-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2f9be8k0zapv3kpxpb0ddi48inrxtoi 905474 905473 2026-08-21T07:58:38Z Nnamadee 31123 905474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Emmi_Walther.jpg|thumb|254x254px| YEmmi Walther<br /><br /><br /><br /> (ba a san kwanan wata ba) Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther.html}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:Walther-Dolls.jpg|thumb|300x300px| 'Yan tsana na Japan, mai a kan zane, 35.5 x 44 cm, Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther2.html}}</ref>]] '''Emmi Louise Walther''' (30 ga Oktoba 1860 - 11 ga Satumba 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane da kuma mai zane-canjen ruwa. Yawancin ayyukanta suna cikin Sabon Art Nouveau ko Symbolist. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[Hamburg]] ga dangin matsakaicin aji kuma ta sami horon fasaha na farko daga mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri, Friedrich Schwinge . Daga baya, ta yi karatu a [[Hanover|Hannover]], amma ba ta fara sha'awar sana'ar fasaha ba har sai da ta kai shekara talatin. A shekarar 1896, ta je Munich, inda ta yi rajista a makarantar zane mai zaman kanta wadda Ludwig Schmid-Reutte ke gudanarwa. Bayan ta kammala karatunta a can, ta koma yankin masu fasaha a Dachau kuma ta yi aiki tare da Adolf Hölzel . A lokacin da take can, ta zama ƙawaye da Emil Nolde kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare da shi, ta hanyar Amsterdam, inda ta ɗauki darasi a makarantar Académie Carmen mai ɗan gajeren lokaci; ta yi abota da Alphonse Mucha, [[Paula Modersohn-Becker|Paula Becker]] da Clara Westhoff . Bayan shekara ta 1900, ta yi zamanta a yankunan masu fasaha a Concarneau da Worpswede ; ta zauna tare da Becker, wanda ya auri mai zane, [[Otto Modersohn]] . Bayan shekara ta 1916, ta zama mazaunin Dachau na dindindin. Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Künstlervereinigung Dachau (Ƙungiyar Masu Zane), wadda har yanzu take nan. Walther ya mutu a Dachau a shekarar 1936. An sanya wa wani titi suna a wurin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmy-Walther-Straße |url=http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627223235/http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |archive-date=2016-06-27 |access-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> == Manazarta == d8slqfdqtxkmafz8031xomvx751njo8 905522 905474 2026-08-21T09:05:34Z Baffa ali 47435 905522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Emmi_Walther.jpg|thumb|254x254px| YEmmi Walther<br /><br /><br /><br /> (ba a san kwanan wata ba) Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther.html}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:Walther-Dolls.jpg|thumb|300x300px| 'Yan tsana na Japan, mai a kan zane, 35.5 x 44 cm, Tarin Jack Daulton, Los Altos Hills, California. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frauen-Kunst |url=http://www.frauen-kunst.com/emmiwalther2.html}}</ref>]] '''Emmi Louise Walther''' ( a ranar 30 ga watan Oktoba a shekara 1860 zuwa 11 ga Satumba a shekarar 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zane na Jamus, mai zane-zanen zane da kuma mai zane-canjen ruwa. Yawancin ayyukanta suna cikin Sabon Art Nouveau ko Symbolist. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[Hamburg]] ga dangin matsakaicin aji kuma ta sami horon fasaha na farko daga mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri, Friedrich Schwinge . Daga baya, ta yi karatu a [[Hanover|Hannover]], amma ba ta fara sha'awar sana'ar fasaha ba har sai da ta kai shekara talatin. A shekarar 1896, ta je Munich, inda ta yi rajista a makarantar zane mai zaman kanta wadda Ludwig Schmid-Reutte ke gudanarwa. Bayan ta kammala karatunta a can, ta koma yankin masu fasaha a Dachau kuma ta yi aiki tare da Adolf Hölzel . A lokacin da take can, ta zama ƙawaye da Emil Nolde kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa Paris tare da shi, ta hanyar Amsterdam, inda ta ɗauki darasi a makarantar Académie Carmen mai ɗan gajeren lokaci; ta yi abota da Alphonse Mucha, [[Paula Modersohn-Becker|Paula Becker]] da Clara Westhoff . Bayan shekara ta 1900, ta yi zamanta a yankunan masu fasaha a Concarneau da Worpswede ; ta zauna tare da Becker, wanda ya auri mai zane, [[Otto Modersohn]] . Bayan shekara ta 1916, ta zama mazaunin Dachau na dindindin. Shekaru uku bayan haka, ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Künstlervereinigung Dachau (Ƙungiyar Masu Zane), wadda har yanzu take nan. Walther ya mutu a Dachau a shekarar 1936. An sanya wa wani titi suna a wurin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emmy-Walther-Straße |url=http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627223235/http://www.dachau.de/kultur-tourismus/archiv-geschichte/strassennamen-in-dachau.html |archive-date=2016-06-27 |access-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> == Manazarta == 648uu8rl7dyn5999m0ggte7q5x40fvo 0 165027 905475 2026-08-21T07:59:56Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324158913|Amalie Kärcher]]" 905475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amalie Kärcher''' (1819–1887) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta samar da zane-zanen rai da furanni. An haife ta a [[Rüppurr]] kuma ta mutu a Karlsruhe . An san ta da ayyukan da aka samar a Karlsruhe a shekarun 1846-1875. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_with_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1858.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare Fayil:Amalie_Kärcher_Insekten_auf_Weinrebe.jpg|alt=Insects on Grape| Kwari a kan Innabi <ref name="AK1" /> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_A_Flower_Still_Life_with_Grapes,_1857.jpg|alt=A Flower Still Life with Grapes| Rayuwar Fure Mai Tsabta da Inabi <ref name="AK1">{{Cite web |title=Amalie Kärcher (German) Artworks |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/amalie-kärcher/2 |publisher=Artnet}}</ref> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Floral_Still_Life,_1868.jpg|alt=Floral still life with butterflies & insects| Rayuwar fure mai rai tare da malam buɗe ido da kwari Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_of_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1862.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare </gallery> == Manazarta == cvvpzach0u5b1ja0bc2v1mga2i2aq4o 905476 905475 2026-08-21T08:00:28Z Nnamadee 31123 905476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amalie Kärcher''' (1819–1887) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta samar da zane-zanen rai da furanni. An haife ta a [[Rüppurr]] kuma ta mutu a Karlsruhe . An san ta da ayyukan da aka samar a Karlsruhe a shekarun 1846-1875. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_with_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1858.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare Fayil:Amalie_Kärcher_Insekten_auf_Weinrebe.jpg|alt=Insects on Grape| Kwari a kan Innabi <ref name="AK1" /> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_A_Flower_Still_Life_with_Grapes,_1857.jpg|alt=A Flower Still Life with Grapes| Rayuwar Fure Mai Tsabta da Inabi <ref name="AK1">{{Cite web |title=Amalie Kärcher (German) Artworks |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/amalie-kärcher/2 |publisher=Artnet}}</ref> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Floral_Still_Life,_1868.jpg|alt=Floral still life with butterflies & insects| Rayuwar fure mai rai tare da malam buɗe ido da kwari Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_of_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1862.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare </gallery> == Manazarta == moawqacuguxvcyw946ecdlpcl4sylk8 905523 905476 2026-08-21T09:06:56Z Baffa ali 47435 905523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amalie Kärcher''' (a shekarar 1819 zuwa shekara ta 1887) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta samar da zane-zanen rai da furanni. An haife ta a [[Rüppurr]] kuma ta mutu a Karlsruhe . An san ta da ayyukan da aka samar a Karlsruhe a shekarun 1846-1875. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_with_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1858.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare Fayil:Amalie_Kärcher_Insekten_auf_Weinrebe.jpg|alt=Insects on Grape| Kwari a kan Innabi <ref name="AK1" /> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_A_Flower_Still_Life_with_Grapes,_1857.jpg|alt=A Flower Still Life with Grapes| Rayuwar Fure Mai Tsabta da Inabi <ref name="AK1">{{Cite web |title=Amalie Kärcher (German) Artworks |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/amalie-kärcher/2 |publisher=Artnet}}</ref> Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Floral_Still_Life,_1868.jpg|alt=Floral still life with butterflies & insects| Rayuwar fure mai rai tare da malam buɗe ido da kwari Fayil:Amalie_Kaercher_-_Still_life_of_fruit_and_flowers_on_a_ledge,_1862.jpg|alt=Still life with fruit and flowers on a ledge| Rayuwa mai rai da 'ya'yan itace da furanni a kan wani gangare </gallery> == Manazarta == 0e89gslr90bq787o6dqyyowfhafu8ef 0 165028 905477 2026-08-21T08:08:12Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343246787|Maria von Kalckreuth]]" 905477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Countess Maria von Kalckreuth''' (1857–1897) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da hotunanta. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kalckreuth a shekarar 1857 a [[Düsseldorf]], Masarautar Prussia . <ref name="Alte Kunst">{{Cite web |title=Countess Marie von Kalckreuth (1857 - 1897) |url=http://www.altekunst-vienna.com/frontend/scripts/index.php?groupId=0&productId=1729&setMainAreaTemplatePath=mainarea_productdetail.html |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Alte Kunst Fine Art Gallery}}</ref> Ɗan'uwanta Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth shi ma mai zane ne. Mahaifinta Stanislaus von Kalckreuth ne ya koya mata zane a Weimar . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kalckreuth |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta tare da Sándor Liezen-Mayer a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> Kalckreuth ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois inda ta lashe lambar yabo. <ref name="Nichols" /> Kalckreuth ya mutu a shekarar 1897 a Dachau . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> [[Fayil:Countess_Maria_Von_Kalckkeurth_-_Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Theresia_von_Hohenzollernwith_her_child.jpg|thumb| ''Hoton Gimbiya Maria Theresia von Hohenzollern tare da ɗanta'' na Countess Maria von Kalckreuth, 1889]] == Manazarta == 7jg2i1w8ccvyi9ii4655ev99yr88yfa 905478 905477 2026-08-21T08:08:36Z Nnamadee 31123 905478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Countess Maria von Kalckreuth''' (1857–1897) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da hotunanta. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kalckreuth a shekarar 1857 a [[Düsseldorf]], Masarautar Prussia . <ref name="Alte Kunst">{{Cite web |title=Countess Marie von Kalckreuth (1857 - 1897) |url=http://www.altekunst-vienna.com/frontend/scripts/index.php?groupId=0&productId=1729&setMainAreaTemplatePath=mainarea_productdetail.html |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Alte Kunst Fine Art Gallery}}</ref> Ɗan'uwanta Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth shi ma mai zane ne. Mahaifinta Stanislaus von Kalckreuth ne ya koya mata zane a Weimar . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kalckreuth |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta tare da Sándor Liezen-Mayer a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> Kalckreuth ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois inda ta lashe lambar yabo. <ref name="Nichols" /> Kalckreuth ya mutu a shekarar 1897 a Dachau . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> [[Fayil:Countess_Maria_Von_Kalckkeurth_-_Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Theresia_von_Hohenzollernwith_her_child.jpg|thumb| ''Hoton Gimbiya Maria Theresia von Hohenzollern tare da ɗanta'' na Countess Maria von Kalckreuth, 1889]] == Manazarta == ndlb9zny4bg06istkgl208qh4pl3ufz 905524 905478 2026-08-21T09:07:44Z Baffa ali 47435 905524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Countess Maria von Kalckreuth''' ( a shekara ta 1857 zuwa shekara ta 1897) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da hotunanta. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kalckreuth a shekarar 1857 a [[Düsseldorf]], Masarautar Prussia . <ref name="Alte Kunst">{{Cite web |title=Countess Marie von Kalckreuth (1857 - 1897) |url=http://www.altekunst-vienna.com/frontend/scripts/index.php?groupId=0&productId=1729&setMainAreaTemplatePath=mainarea_productdetail.html |access-date=20 November 2018 |website=Alte Kunst Fine Art Gallery}}</ref> Ɗan'uwanta Leopold Graf von Kalckreuth shi ma mai zane ne. Mahaifinta Stanislaus von Kalckreuth ne ya koya mata zane a Weimar . <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kalckreuth |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta tare da Sándor Liezen-Mayer a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> Kalckreuth ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois inda ta lashe lambar yabo. <ref name="Nichols" /> Kalckreuth ya mutu a shekarar 1897 a Dachau . <ref name="Alte Kunst" /> [[Fayil:Countess_Maria_Von_Kalckkeurth_-_Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Theresia_von_Hohenzollernwith_her_child.jpg|thumb| ''Hoton Gimbiya Maria Theresia von Hohenzollern tare da ɗanta'' na Countess Maria von Kalckreuth, 1889]] == Manazarta == 6bnom3s6242o3kou467wbceowhhogoo 0 165029 905479 2026-08-21T08:10:20Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343247281|Marie von Keudell]]" 905479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie von Keudell''' (1838–1918) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus da aka sani da zanen shimfidar wuri. <ref name="Bergmann">{{Cite web |title=Keudell, Marie von |url=http://www.auktion-bergmann.de/ufItemInfo.aspx?i_id=279490&a_id=2 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Auktionshaus Bergmann}}</ref> <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/marie-von-keudell/ |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Keudell a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1838 a Launicken, Gabashin Prussia. Ta yi karatu tare da {{Interlanguage link|Adolf Dressler|de}}, {{Interlanguage link|Eduard Pape|de|Eduard Pape (Maler)}} da Otto von Kameke a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=https://www.kulturring.org/frauenpersoenlichkeiten/index.php?bezirk=friedrichshain-kreuzberg&frauen=im-oeffentlichen-raum&info=78 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Friedrichshain/Kreuzberg |language=de}}</ref> Keudell ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#keudell |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Fasaha ta Sashen Fasaha ta Jamus "Mata" don Nunin. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya kasance memba na Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen (Ƙungiyar Mawakan Berlin) daga 1867 zuwa 1916. Ta nuna zane-zanenta a Große Berliner Kunstausstellung (Great Berlin Art Exhibitions) tsakanin 1893 zuwa 1912. Keudell abokiyar abokiyar aikin zane-zanen ƙasa ce [[Paula Bonte]], wacce ta yi aiki tare da ita a wani situdiyo. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya mutu a watan Fabrairun 1918 a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> [[Fayil:Maria_Von_Keudell_-_Alpenlandschaft_bei_Mürren_im_Berner_Oberland.jpg|thumb| ''Alpenlandschaft bei Mürren im Berner Oberland'' na Maria Von Keudell, 1913]] == Manazarta == cn7q8svv008plt8xediqlghkitljli5 905480 905479 2026-08-21T08:12:27Z Nnamadee 31123 905480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marie von Keudell''' (1838–1918) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus da aka sani da zanen shimfidar wuri. <ref name="Bergmann">{{Cite web |title=Keudell, Marie von |url=http://www.auktion-bergmann.de/ufItemInfo.aspx?i_id=279490&a_id=2 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Auktionshaus Bergmann}}</ref> <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/marie-von-keudell/ |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Keudell a ranar 16 ga Yuli 1838 a Launicken, Gabashin Prussia. Ta yi karatu tare da {{Interlanguage link|Adolf Dressler|de}}, {{Interlanguage link|Eduard Pape|de|Eduard Pape (Maler)}} da Otto von Kameke a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=https://www.kulturring.org/frauenpersoenlichkeiten/index.php?bezirk=friedrichshain-kreuzberg&frauen=im-oeffentlichen-raum&info=78 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Friedrichshain/Kreuzberg |language=de}}</ref> Keudell ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#keudell |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Fasaha ta Sashen Fasaha ta Jamus "Mata" don Nunin. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya kasance memba na Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen (Ƙungiyar Mawakan Berlin) daga 1867 zuwa 1916. Ta nuna zane-zanenta a Große Berliner Kunstausstellung (Great Berlin Art Exhibitions) tsakanin 1893 zuwa 1912. Keudell abokiyar abokiyar aikin zane-zanen ƙasa ce [[Paula Bonte]], wacce ta yi aiki tare da ita a wani situdiyo. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya mutu a watan Fabrairun 1918 a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> [[Fayil:Maria_Von_Keudell_-_Alpenlandschaft_bei_Mürren_im_Berner_Oberland.jpg|thumb| ''Alpenlandschaft bei Mürren im Berner Oberland'' na Maria Von Keudell, 1913]] == Manazarta == 9uwqovkly6yodds53t751d9tylb2tz9 905525 905480 2026-08-21T09:10:06Z Baffa ali 47435 905525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marie von Keudell''' ( a shekarar 1838 zuwa shekara ta 1918) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus da aka sani da zanen shimfidar wuri. <ref name="Bergmann">{{Cite web |title=Keudell, Marie von |url=http://www.auktion-bergmann.de/ufItemInfo.aspx?i_id=279490&a_id=2 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Auktionshaus Bergmann}}</ref> <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/marie-von-keudell/ |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Keudell a ranar 16 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1838 a Launicken, Gabashin Prussia. Ta yi karatu tare da {{Interlanguage link|Adolf Dressler|de}}, {{Interlanguage link|Eduard Pape|de|Eduard Pape (Maler)}} da Otto von Kameke a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten">{{Cite web |title=Marie von Keudell |url=https://www.kulturring.org/frauenpersoenlichkeiten/index.php?bezirk=friedrichshain-kreuzberg&frauen=im-oeffentlichen-raum&info=78 |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=Frauenpersönlichkeiten in Friedrichshain/Kreuzberg |language=de}}</ref> Keudell ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#keudell |access-date=21 November 2018}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Hukumar Fasaha ta Sashen Fasaha ta Jamus "Mata" don Nunin. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya kasance memba na Verein der Berliner Künstlerinnen (Ƙungiyar Mawakan Berlin) dagaShekarar 1967 zuwa shekarar 1916. Ta nuna zane-zanenta a Große Berliner Kunstausstellung (Great Berlin Art Exhibitions) tsakanin 1893 zuwa 1912. Keudell abokiyar abokiyar aikin zane-zanen ƙasa ce [[Paula Bonte]], wacce ta yi aiki tare da ita a wani situdiyo. <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> Keudell ya mutu a watan Fabrairun a shekarar 918 a [[Berlin]] . <ref name="Frauenpersönlichkeiten" /> [[Fayil:Maria_Von_Keudell_-_Alpenlandschaft_bei_Mürren_im_Berner_Oberland.jpg|thumb| ''Alpenlandschaft bei Mürren im Berner Oberland'' na Maria Von Keudell, 1913]] == Manazarta == 2h2ir3mywl7dnl9x2nm4sg0gwzjdnpm 0 165030 905482 2026-08-21T08:14:34Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352934283|Sophie Wencke-Meinken]]" 905482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Sophie_Wencke_-_1898.jpg|thumb| Sophie Wencke a shekarar 1898]] '''Sophie Wencke-Meinken''' (29 Yuli 1874 a [[Bremerhaven]] - 23 Yuni 1963 a Worpswede ) yar Jamus ce mai zane. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Sophie Wencke ita ce 'yar fari na Johanna Sophie kuma mai gidan jirgin ruwa Nicolaus Diedrich Wencke (b. 1848) kuma jikar ƴan kasuwan jirgin ruwa Gesine Wencke da mijinta Friedrich Wilhelm Wencke. A shekarar 1884 ta yi wa kamfanin jigilar kaya na Friedrich Busse baftisma, wato jirgin ruwa na farko na Jamus mai suna ''Sagitta'' . Ta yi makaranta a Bremerhaven kuma ta yi karatun zane-zane a [[Dresden]] daga 1891 zuwa 1893 da kuma a [[Berlin]] daga 1893 zuwa 1897 tare da masu zane kamar mai zane-zanen dabbobi Hermann Pansee, mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Berta Schrader da kuma a Berlin tare da mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Max Uth. A shekarar 1898 ta shiga cikin ƙaddamar da jirgin ruwan fasinja mai suna ''Assuriya a yankin Bremerhaven'' . A wannan shekarar, an ƙaddamar da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zanenta tare da ''ƙaddamar da shi, wanda yanzu yake cikin tarin'' Gidan Tarihi na Bremerhaven (Gidan Tarihi na Morgenstern). Daga Oktoba 1898 ta zauna a Worpswede. A shekarar 1903 ƙanwarta Clara ta bi ta. Da farko dalibar Otto Modersohn ce kuma ta zana zane-zanen shimfidar wurare. Daga shekarar 1903 ta kuma ƙirƙiri samfura don katunan gaisuwa da kuma kwafi na fasaha ga ''mawallafin fasaha Seemann'' a Leipzig. Ta hanyar wani gagarumin aikin baje kolin zane tare da shahararrun masu zane kamar Fritz Overbeck, Otto Modersohn da Heinrich Vogeler, da sauransu a [[Bremen]], Berlin, [[Leipzig]], da [[Köln|Cologne]], ta shahara da farko a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a cikin salon zane-zanen Impressionist. A shekara ta 1910 ita da 'yar uwarta Clara suka ƙaura zuwa ɗakin studio ɗinsu, wanda yanzu ake kira ''Café Central'' . Daga shekarar 1916, 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun zauna a garin Selb na porcelain kuma suka ƙirƙiri samfura don masana'antar porcelain ta Hutschenreuther. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya (1919) ta auri Daraktan Ofishin Jakadancin Hamburg, Dr. Wilhelm Meinken, wanda yanzu yake kiran kansa Wencke-Meinken, yana zaune a Hamburg-Bergedorf, amma yana ajiye ɗakin studio ɗinta a Worpswede. Daga shekarar 1933 ta sake zama a Worpswede kuma ta ƙirƙiri zane-zanen ruwa da kuma zane-zanen mai don zagayowar Weser. Ta cika umarnin da aka bayar ga birnin Remscheid . An ƙirƙiri ra'ayoyin birni na [[Essen]] a cikin Reich na Uku . A shekarun 1941 da 1942 an wakilce ta da hotuna biyu a Babban Nunin Fasaha na Jamus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunsaulus |first=Helen C. |author-link=Helen C. Gunsaulus |date=April 1937 |title=Two Exhibitions of Japanese Prints |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119101 |journal=Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=45 |doi=10.2307/4119101 |issn=1935-6595 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da ke [[München|Munich]], wanda ya wakilci fasahar da gwamnati ke so a cikin Gurguzu ta Ƙasa kuma an yaɗa ta a matsayin babban taron al'adu a Jamus ta Gurguzu ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 1941 an nuna zanen mai mai suna "Abendclouden", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1941 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194101/29/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 1942 an nuna wani zane mai tawada mai taken "Worpsweder Landscape". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1942 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194201/26/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> Tafiye-tafiyen karatu sun kai Wencke zuwa Italiya, Scotland, da Sauerland, da sauransu. Ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar garinsu na Bremerhaven da kuma masu jiragen ruwa da kuma wuraren jigilar jiragen ruwa kuma an zaburar da ita ta hanyar fasaha. == Manazarta == 2jem5stvqnt9qaimlloaxsgtwtc7ify 905483 905482 2026-08-21T08:15:09Z Nnamadee 31123 905483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sophie_Wencke_-_1898.jpg|thumb| Sophie Wencke a shekarar 1898]] '''Sophie Wencke-Meinken''' (29 Yuli 1874 a [[Bremerhaven]] - 23 Yuni 1963 a Worpswede ) yar Jamus ce mai zane. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Sophie Wencke ita ce 'yar fari na Johanna Sophie kuma mai gidan jirgin ruwa Nicolaus Diedrich Wencke (b. 1848) kuma jikar ƴan kasuwan jirgin ruwa Gesine Wencke da mijinta Friedrich Wilhelm Wencke. A shekarar 1884 ta yi wa kamfanin jigilar kaya na Friedrich Busse baftisma, wato jirgin ruwa na farko na Jamus mai suna ''Sagitta'' . Ta yi makaranta a Bremerhaven kuma ta yi karatun zane-zane a [[Dresden]] daga 1891 zuwa 1893 da kuma a [[Berlin]] daga 1893 zuwa 1897 tare da masu zane kamar mai zane-zanen dabbobi Hermann Pansee, mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Berta Schrader da kuma a Berlin tare da mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Max Uth. A shekarar 1898 ta shiga cikin ƙaddamar da jirgin ruwan fasinja mai suna ''Assuriya a yankin Bremerhaven'' . A wannan shekarar, an ƙaddamar da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zanenta tare da ''ƙaddamar da shi, wanda yanzu yake cikin tarin'' Gidan Tarihi na Bremerhaven (Gidan Tarihi na Morgenstern). Daga Oktoba 1898 ta zauna a Worpswede. A shekarar 1903 ƙanwarta Clara ta bi ta. Da farko dalibar Otto Modersohn ce kuma ta zana zane-zanen shimfidar wurare. Daga shekarar 1903 ta kuma ƙirƙiri samfura don katunan gaisuwa da kuma kwafi na fasaha ga ''mawallafin fasaha Seemann'' a Leipzig. Ta hanyar wani gagarumin aikin baje kolin zane tare da shahararrun masu zane kamar Fritz Overbeck, Otto Modersohn da Heinrich Vogeler, da sauransu a [[Bremen]], Berlin, [[Leipzig]], da [[Köln|Cologne]], ta shahara da farko a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a cikin salon zane-zanen Impressionist. A shekara ta 1910 ita da 'yar uwarta Clara suka ƙaura zuwa ɗakin studio ɗinsu, wanda yanzu ake kira ''Café Central'' . Daga shekarar 1916, 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun zauna a garin Selb na porcelain kuma suka ƙirƙiri samfura don masana'antar porcelain ta Hutschenreuther. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya (1919) ta auri Daraktan Ofishin Jakadancin Hamburg, Dr. Wilhelm Meinken, wanda yanzu yake kiran kansa Wencke-Meinken, yana zaune a Hamburg-Bergedorf, amma yana ajiye ɗakin studio ɗinta a Worpswede. Daga shekarar 1933 ta sake zama a Worpswede kuma ta ƙirƙiri zane-zanen ruwa da kuma zane-zanen mai don zagayowar Weser. Ta cika umarnin da aka bayar ga birnin Remscheid . An ƙirƙiri ra'ayoyin birni na [[Essen]] a cikin Reich na Uku . A shekarun 1941 da 1942 an wakilce ta da hotuna biyu a Babban Nunin Fasaha na Jamus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunsaulus |first=Helen C. |author-link=Helen C. Gunsaulus |date=April 1937 |title=Two Exhibitions of Japanese Prints |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119101 |journal=Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=45 |doi=10.2307/4119101 |issn=1935-6595 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da ke [[München|Munich]], wanda ya wakilci fasahar da gwamnati ke so a cikin Gurguzu ta Ƙasa kuma an yaɗa ta a matsayin babban taron al'adu a Jamus ta Gurguzu ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 1941 an nuna zanen mai mai suna "Abendclouden", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1941 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194101/29/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 1942 an nuna wani zane mai tawada mai taken "Worpsweder Landscape". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1942 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194201/26/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> Tafiye-tafiyen karatu sun kai Wencke zuwa Italiya, Scotland, da Sauerland, da sauransu. Ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar garinsu na Bremerhaven da kuma masu jiragen ruwa da kuma wuraren jigilar jiragen ruwa kuma an zaburar da ita ta hanyar fasaha. == Manazarta == h473xx3w4h7c1q43oujcjewzhjus159 905526 905483 2026-08-21T09:14:03Z Baffa ali 47435 905526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Sophie_Wencke_-_1898.jpg|thumb| Sophie Wencke a shekarar 1898]] '''Sophie Wencke-Meinken''' ( a ranar 29 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1874 a [[Bremerhaven]] - zuwa 23 ga watan Yuni a shekarar 1963 a Worpswede ) yar Jamus ce mai zane. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Sophie Wencke ita ce 'yar fari na Johanna Sophie kuma mai gidan jirgin ruwa Nicolaus Diedrich Wencke (b. 1848) kuma jikar ƴan kasuwan jirgin ruwa Gesine Wencke da mijinta Friedrich Wilhelm Wencke. A shekarar 1884 ta yi wa kamfanin jigilar kaya na Friedrich Busse baftisma, wato jirgin ruwa na farko na Jamus mai suna ''Sagitta'' . Ta yi makaranta a Bremerhaven kuma ta yi karatun zane-zane a [[Dresden]] daga shekarar 1891 zuwa shekara ta 1893 da kuma a [[Berlin]] daga shekara ta 1893 zuwa shekara 1897 tare da masu zane kamar mai zane-zanen dabbobi Hermann Pansee, mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Berta Schrader da kuma a Berlin tare da mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri Max Uth. A shekarar 1898 ta shiga cikin ƙaddamar da jirgin ruwan fasinja mai suna ''Assuriya a yankin Bremerhaven'' . A wannan shekarar, an ƙaddamar da ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zanenta tare da ''ƙaddamar da shi, wanda yanzu yake cikin tarin'' Gidan Tarihi na Bremerhaven (Gidan Tarihi na Morgenstern). Daga ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta 1898 ta zauna a Worpswede. A shekarar 1903 ƙanwarta Clara ta bi ta. Da farko dalibar Otto Modersohn ce kuma ta zana zane-zanen shimfidar wurare. Daga shekarar 1903 ta kuma ƙirƙiri samfura don katunan gaisuwa da kuma kwafi na fasaha ga ''mawallafin fasaha Seemann'' a Leipzig. Ta hanyar wani gagarumin aikin baje kolin zane tare da shahararrun masu zane kamar Fritz Overbeck, Otto Modersohn da Heinrich Vogeler, da sauransu a [[Bremen]], Berlin, [[Leipzig]], da [[Köln|Cologne]], ta shahara da farko a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a cikin salon zane-zanen Impressionist. A shekara ta 1910 ita da 'yar uwarta Clara suka ƙaura zuwa ɗakin studio ɗinsu, wanda yanzu ake kira ''Café Central'' . Daga shekarar 1916, 'yan'uwa mata biyu sun zauna a garin Selb na porcelain kuma suka ƙirƙiri samfura don masana'antar porcelain ta Hutschenreuther. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya ( a shekarar 1919) ta auri Daraktan Ofishin Jakadancin Hamburg, Dr. Wilhelm Meinken, wanda yanzu yake kiran kansa Wencke-Meinken, yana zaune a Hamburg-Bergedorf, amma yana ajiye ɗakin studio ɗinta a Worpswede. Daga shekarar 1933 ta sake zama a Worpswede kuma ta ƙirƙiri zane-zanen ruwa da kuma zane-zanen mai don zagayowar Weser. Ta cika umarnin da aka bayar ga birnin Remscheid . An ƙirƙiri ra'ayoyin birni na [[Essen]] a cikin Reich na Uku . A shekarun 1941 da shekarar 1942 an wakilce ta da hotuna biyu a Babban Nunin Fasaha na Jamus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gunsaulus |first=Helen C. |author-link=Helen C. Gunsaulus |date=April 1937 |title=Two Exhibitions of Japanese Prints |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4119101 |journal=Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=45 |doi=10.2307/4119101 |issn=1935-6595 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da ke [[München|Munich]], wanda ya wakilci fasahar da gwamnati ke so a cikin Gurguzu ta Ƙasa kuma an yaɗa ta a matsayin babban taron al'adu a Jamus ta Gurguzu ta Ƙasa. A shekarar 1941 an nuna zanen mai mai suna "Abendclouden", <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1941 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194101/29/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 1942 an nuna wani zane mai tawada mai taken "Worpsweder Landscape". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ergänzungsteil zum Offiziellen Ausstellungskatalog der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung 1942 im Haus der Deutschen Kunst zu München |url=https://digishelf.de/objekt/PPN605217890_194201/26/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=digishelf.de}}</ref> Tafiye-tafiyen karatu sun kai Wencke zuwa Italiya, Scotland, da Sauerland, da sauransu. Ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar garinsu na Bremerhaven da kuma masu jiragen ruwa da kuma wuraren jigilar jiragen ruwa kuma an zaburar da ita ta hanyar fasaha. == Manazarta == gj3kay3cv49nphfvxzr9bj74z9lwsh0 0 165031 905485 2026-08-21T08:16:37Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343230739|Johanna Kirsch]]" 905485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanna Kirsch''' (1856-1907) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da zane-zanen ta da kuma nau'ikan zane-zanenta. <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/johanna-kirsch/ |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kirsch a shekarar 1856 a [[Chemnitz]], Jamus. Daga 1883 zuwa 1892 ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Fasaha, Berlin|Kwalejin Berlin]] . <ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Johanna_Kirsch/11044699/Johanna_Kirsch.aspx# |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> Kirsch ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kirsch |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> Kirsch ta kuma baje kolin fasaharta a Berlin Academy da kuma Munich Glass Palace . <ref name="AskArt" /> Kirsch ya mutu a shekarar 1907 a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="AskArt" /> [[Fayil:Johanna_Kirsch_Strickende_Frau_1889.jpg|thumb| ''Strickende Frau'' na Johanna Kirsch, 1889]] == Manazarta == 6zr24h8cwy9hkmm66xpqbvp41m7k4d5 905486 905485 2026-08-21T08:17:03Z Nnamadee 31123 905486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Johanna Kirsch''' (1856-1907) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da zane-zanen ta da kuma nau'ikan zane-zanenta. <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/johanna-kirsch/ |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kirsch a shekarar 1856 a [[Chemnitz]], Jamus. Daga 1883 zuwa 1892 ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Fasaha, Berlin|Kwalejin Berlin]] . <ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Johanna_Kirsch/11044699/Johanna_Kirsch.aspx# |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> Kirsch ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kirsch |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> Kirsch ta kuma baje kolin fasaharta a Berlin Academy da kuma Munich Glass Palace . <ref name="AskArt" /> Kirsch ya mutu a shekarar 1907 a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="AskArt" /> [[Fayil:Johanna_Kirsch_Strickende_Frau_1889.jpg|thumb| ''Strickende Frau'' na Johanna Kirsch, 1889]] == Manazarta == coaathg69tawoblgv1le5x4jo984uyy 905527 905486 2026-08-21T09:21:18Z Baffa ali 47435 905527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Johanna Kirsch''' ( a shekarar 1856 zuwa shekara ta 1907) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda aka san ta da zane-zanen ta da kuma nau'ikan zane-zanenta. <ref name="ArtNet">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/johanna-kirsch/ |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=ArtNet}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Kirsch a shekarar 1856 a [[Chemnitz]], Jamus. Daga shekarar 1883 zuwa shekarar 1892 ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Fasaha, Berlin|Kwalejin Berlin]] . <ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Johanna Kirsch |url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Johanna_Kirsch/11044699/Johanna_Kirsch.aspx# |access-date=22 November 2018 |website=AskArt}}</ref> Kirsch ta nuna ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#kirsch |access-date=22 November 2018}}</ref> Kirsch ta kuma baje kolin fasaharta a Berlin Academy da kuma Munich Glass Palace . <ref name="AskArt" /> Kirsch ya mutu a shekarar 1907 a [[München|Munich]] . <ref name="AskArt" /> [[Fayil:Johanna_Kirsch_Strickende_Frau_1889.jpg|thumb| ''Strickende Frau'' na Johanna Kirsch, 1889]] == Manazarta == ttk2fljrjfz4877uyywaoeig2hrwuz2 0 165032 905487 2026-08-21T08:18:15Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367924190|Elisabeth Ahnert]]" 905487 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabeth Ahnert''' (1885-1966) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. An haifi Ahnert a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1885 a Chemnitz. <ref name="Artists of the World">{{Cite web |title=Ahnert, Elisabeth - |url=https://aow.degruyter.com/artist/_10090276 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Artists of the World |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a ''Frauen die [[Kunstgewerbeschule]]'' a Dresden. <ref name="Frauenorte Sachsen">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://www.frauenorte-sachsen.de/die-frauen/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Frauenorte Sachsen |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ta auri abokin aikinta Arthur Ahnert (1885-1927) a shekarar 1912. <ref name="Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden">{{Cite web |title=ZURÜCK ZUR AUKTION 72 |url=https://schmidt-auktionen.de/12_katalog_online.php?nr=72&kue=262 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden}}</ref> Ahnert ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1966 a Ehrenfriedersdorf. <ref name="Chemnitz 2025">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://chemnitz2025.de/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Chemnitz 2025}}</ref> <ref name="Artists of the World" /> A shekarar 2011, Gidan Tarihi na Leonhardi da ke Dresden ya gudanar da baje kolin ayyukanta. <ref name="Leonhardi-Museum Dresden">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://leonhardi-museum.de/programm/ausstellungen/elisabeth-ahnert |access-date=30 May 2026 |website=Leonhardi-Museum Dresden |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1966]] rmwqd2mrlp8bw91ud0tpfquogxbiof0 905488 905487 2026-08-21T08:18:35Z Nnamadee 31123 905488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elisabeth Ahnert''' (1885-1966) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. An haifi Ahnert a ranar 4 ga Oktoba, 1885 a Chemnitz. <ref name="Artists of the World">{{Cite web |title=Ahnert, Elisabeth - |url=https://aow.degruyter.com/artist/_10090276 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Artists of the World |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a ''Frauen die [[Kunstgewerbeschule]]'' a Dresden. <ref name="Frauenorte Sachsen">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://www.frauenorte-sachsen.de/die-frauen/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Frauenorte Sachsen |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ta auri abokin aikinta Arthur Ahnert (1885-1927) a shekarar 1912. <ref name="Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden">{{Cite web |title=ZURÜCK ZUR AUKTION 72 |url=https://schmidt-auktionen.de/12_katalog_online.php?nr=72&kue=262 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden}}</ref> Ahnert ya mutu a ranar 3 ga Satumba, 1966 a Ehrenfriedersdorf. <ref name="Chemnitz 2025">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://chemnitz2025.de/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Chemnitz 2025}}</ref> <ref name="Artists of the World" /> A shekarar 2011, Gidan Tarihi na Leonhardi da ke Dresden ya gudanar da baje kolin ayyukanta. <ref name="Leonhardi-Museum Dresden">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://leonhardi-museum.de/programm/ausstellungen/elisabeth-ahnert |access-date=30 May 2026 |website=Leonhardi-Museum Dresden |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1966]] l7vye8z1urw78myvkfdsofaadq30hxu 905528 905488 2026-08-21T09:23:30Z Baffa ali 47435 905528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elisabeth Ahnert''' ( a shekarar 1885 zuwa shekara ta 966) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. An haifi Ahnert a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar1885 a Chemnitz. <ref name="Artists of the World">{{Cite web |title=Ahnert, Elisabeth - |url=https://aow.degruyter.com/artist/_10090276 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Artists of the World |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi karatu a ''Frauen die [[Kunstgewerbeschule]]'' a Dresden. <ref name="Frauenorte Sachsen">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://www.frauenorte-sachsen.de/die-frauen/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Frauenorte Sachsen |language=de-DE}}</ref> Ta auri abokin aikinta Arthur Ahnert (daga shekarar 1885 zuwa shekara ta 1927) a shekarar 1912. <ref name="Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden">{{Cite web |title=ZURÜCK ZUR AUKTION 72 |url=https://schmidt-auktionen.de/12_katalog_online.php?nr=72&kue=262 |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Schmidt Kunstauktionen Dresden}}</ref> Ahnert ya mutu a ranar 3 ga watan Satumba, avshekarar 1966 a Ehrenfriedersdorf. <ref name="Chemnitz 2025">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://chemnitz2025.de/elisabeth-ahnert/ |access-date=29 May 2026 |website=Chemnitz 2025}}</ref> <ref name="Artists of the World" /> A shekarar 2011, Gidan Tarihi na Leonhardi da ke Dresden ya gudanar da baje kolin ayyukanta. <ref name="Leonhardi-Museum Dresden">{{Cite web |title=Elisabeth Ahnert |url=https://leonhardi-museum.de/programm/ausstellungen/elisabeth-ahnert |access-date=30 May 2026 |website=Leonhardi-Museum Dresden |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 1966]] pusy1qmdpkhntdrmjv2cvsef41itax5 0 165033 905489 2026-08-21T08:20:17Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355940372|Veronika Moos-Brochhagen]]" 905489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Veronika Moos''' 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen yadi. An haife ta a Bensberg, [[Jamus]] kuma tana zaune kuma tana aiki a [[Köln|Cologne]], [[Jamus]], da Audinghen, [[Faransa]] . Moos-Brochhagen ya yi karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha da ke [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] (ajin Farfesa E. Knoche-Wendel), falsafa da Jamusanci, shi ma a Jami'ar [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] . A shekara ta 2007, ta yi karatun digirinta ("Transparenz der Verhüllung - die Unschärfe der Wahrheit. Eine Studie zur Sinnlichkeit von textilem Material in der Kunst am Beispiel alter und neuer Hungertücher") a Jami'ar [[Köln|Cologne ta Jamus]] . Moos-Brochhagen yana aiki tare da ko ba tare da kayan yadi ba. Sau da yawa ta yi amfani da na musamman irin Shibori -technique. A kowane hali ayyukanta sune "textile" (Kalmar Textile daga Latin texere ne wanda ke nufin "saƙa", "don yin ɗamara", "don ginawa" ko "don haɗawa"). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] 54mg5a470c0hg4445ggzfissrns3bzh 905491 905489 2026-08-21T08:21:45Z Nnamadee 31123 905491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Veronika Moos''' 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen yadi. An haife ta a Bensberg, [[Jamus]] kuma tana zaune kuma tana aiki a [[Köln|Cologne]], [[Jamus]], da Audinghen, [[Faransa]] . Moos-Brochhagen ya yi karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha da ke [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] (ajin Farfesa E. Knoche-Wendel), falsafa da Jamusanci, shi ma a Jami'ar [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] . A shekara ta 2007, ta yi karatun digirinta ("Transparenz der Verhüllung - die Unschärfe der Wahrheit. Eine Studie zur Sinnlichkeit von textilem Material in der Kunst am Beispiel alter und neuer Hungertücher") a Jami'ar [[Köln|Cologne ta Jamus]] . Moos-Brochhagen yana aiki tare da ko ba tare da kayan yadi ba. Sau da yawa ta yi amfani da na musamman irin Shibori -technique. A kowane hali ayyukanta sune "textile" (Kalmar Textile daga Latin texere ne wanda ke nufin "saƙa", "don yin ɗamara", "don ginawa" ko "don haɗawa"). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] fxcy8741ksdzjxwfkvl6wvi3j7asqnp 905492 905491 2026-08-21T08:22:22Z Nnamadee 31123 905492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Veronika Moos''' 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen yadi. An haife ta a Bensberg, [[Jamus]] kuma tana zaune kuma tana aiki a [[Köln|Cologne]], [[Jamus]], da Audinghen, [[Faransa]].<ref>"Kennen Sie schon Shibori?". Grenzland Nachrichten (in German). 23 April 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2011.</ref> Moos-Brochhagen ya yi karatun fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha da ke [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] (ajin Farfesa E. Knoche-Wendel), falsafa da Jamusanci, shi ma a Jami'ar [[Mainz|Mainz, Jamus]] . A shekara ta 2007, ta yi karatun digirinta ("Transparenz der Verhüllung - die Unschärfe der Wahrheit. Eine Studie zur Sinnlichkeit von textilem Material in der Kunst am Beispiel alter und neuer Hungertücher") a Jami'ar [[Köln|Cologne ta Jamus]] . Moos-Brochhagen yana aiki tare da ko ba tare da kayan yadi ba. Sau da yawa ta yi amfani da na musamman irin Shibori -technique. A kowane hali ayyukanta sune "textile" (Kalmar Textile daga Latin texere ne wanda ke nufin "saƙa", "don yin ɗamara", "don ginawa" ko "don haɗawa"). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] hi82m8pbr8zvhbmrz16h92h1diecjcr 0 165034 905493 2026-08-21T08:23:24Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348927033|Helene Nonné-Schmidt]]" 905493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helene Nonné-Schmidt''' (an haife ta a matsayin Helene Frieda Nonne, 8 ga Nuwamba 1891 a Buckau (Magdeburg) ; ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1976 a Darmstadt ) farfesa ce ta Jamus a fannin fasaha a Makarantar Zane ta Ulm kuma mai zane a [[Bauhaus]] . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Helene Nonné a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1891, a gundumar Buckau da ke Magdeburg, a matsayin 'yar injiniya Franz Nonne da matarsa Leokadya Koterwas. Ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Magdeburg, sannan daga 1913 zuwa 1916 ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Berlin, inda ta sami takardar shaidar malamar fasaha, musamman don koyar da zane. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara. Bayan yaƙin, ta ci gaba da karatunta kuma ta sami takardar shaidar malamar sana'a a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar sana'a da fasaha a makarantar Viktoria-Lyceum da ke Berlin da kuma makarantar mata da ke Magdeburg. Ta ziyarci baje kolin Bauhaus da aka yi a Weimar a shekarar 1923 kuma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunta a can. Saboda karatunta na baya, an keɓe ta daga kwas ɗin farko na Bauhaus kuma ta fara kai tsaye a wurin koyon saka a [[Bauhaus]] a shekarar 1924. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAUHAUS-ARCHIV / MUSEUM FÜR GESTALTUNG, BERLIN |url=https://projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de/de/bauhaus-im-text/textverzeichnis/archivalien/bauhaus-archiv-museum-fuer-gestaltung-berlin.html |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de}}</ref> Nonné-Schmidt ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Paul Klee, ta yi bincike kan tambayoyi game da ka'idar fasaha, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar Bauhaus daga Klee da [[Gunta Stölzl]] a shekarar 1930. Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta auri da Joost Schmidt (1893–1948), mai rubutu da zane wanda ke koyarwa a Bauhaus kuma shine shugaban sashen zane-zane, sashen talla, da kuma injin buga littattafai. <ref>''Helene Schmidt-Nonne'' in Eckhard Neumann (Ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler: Memories and Confessions. Expanded new edition 1985, 5th edition, DuMont, Cologne 1996, {{ISBN|3-7701-1673-9}}, p. 185–193.</ref> Dukansu sun ƙaura tare da Bauhaus zuwa Dessau, inda Schmidt ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ƙwararre a Bauhaus kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da fasaha har zuwa 1933. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joost Schmidt |url=https://bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/biografien/biografie-detail/person-Meyer-Hannes-1437 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=bauhauskooperation.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> Har zuwa wannan shekarar, sun zauna a kan Burgkühnauer Allee a ɗaya daga cikin Gidajen Jagora sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Berlin, inda Joost Schmidt ya koyar a Makarantar Reimann. A lokacin mulkin Nazi, Joost Schmidt ya sami haramcin aiki bayan an yi masa suka. Nonné-Schmidt ta ƙirƙiro wasu ayyukan fasaha da sana'o'i na lokaci-lokaci a wannan lokacin. An lalata ɗakinta a lokacin hare-haren bama-bamai. Bayan 'yancin kai, Joost Schmidt ya shirya wani baje kolin Bauhaus a Yammacin Berlin, amma ya mutu a shekarar 1948 yayin da yake shirin wani baje kolin a [[Nuremberg]] . A cikin 1949, Nonné-Schmidt ya ɗan yi aiki a mujallar 'Illustrierte Heute' a Munich sannan ya koma Wangen a yankin Allgäu. A shekarar 1953, Max Bill ya gayyaci Nonné, kamar yadda kowa ke kiranta, zuwa sabuwar Makarantar Zane ta Ulm da aka kafa, inda ta gudanar da kwas ɗin farko a cikin shekarun farko tare da tsoffin membobin Bauhaus Josef Albers, Walter Peterhans, da Johannes Itten . Daga cikin ɗalibanta akwai masu fasaha kamar Mary Bauermeister da masu zane Immo Krumrey da Martin Krampen. Ta kammala karatunta a Ulm a shekarar 1956. A shekarar 1961, ta koma Darmstadt, inda wurin farko na Tarihin Bauhaus yake, kuma ta shirya littafinta game da Joost Schmidt, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1984 <ref>Joost Schmidt. Teaching and Work at the Bauhaus 1919-32. Published by Düsseldorf, Edition Marzona, 1984, {{ISBN|9783921420218}}</ref> Helene Nonné-Schmidt ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 84. Ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1976, a Darmstadt. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] 8lbzdks5q5pifz8s3zlhqlfgbpzgpe0 905494 905493 2026-08-21T08:23:47Z Nnamadee 31123 905494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Nonné-Schmidt''' (an haife ta a matsayin Helene Frieda Nonne, 8 ga Nuwamba 1891 a Buckau (Magdeburg) ; ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1976 a Darmstadt ) farfesa ce ta Jamus a fannin fasaha a Makarantar Zane ta Ulm kuma mai zane a [[Bauhaus]] . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Helene Nonné a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1891, a gundumar Buckau da ke Magdeburg, a matsayin 'yar injiniya Franz Nonne da matarsa Leokadya Koterwas. Ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Magdeburg, sannan daga 1913 zuwa 1916 ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Berlin, inda ta sami takardar shaidar malamar fasaha, musamman don koyar da zane. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara. Bayan yaƙin, ta ci gaba da karatunta kuma ta sami takardar shaidar malamar sana'a a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar sana'a da fasaha a makarantar Viktoria-Lyceum da ke Berlin da kuma makarantar mata da ke Magdeburg. Ta ziyarci baje kolin Bauhaus da aka yi a Weimar a shekarar 1923 kuma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunta a can. Saboda karatunta na baya, an keɓe ta daga kwas ɗin farko na Bauhaus kuma ta fara kai tsaye a wurin koyon saka a [[Bauhaus]] a shekarar 1924. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAUHAUS-ARCHIV / MUSEUM FÜR GESTALTUNG, BERLIN |url=https://projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de/de/bauhaus-im-text/textverzeichnis/archivalien/bauhaus-archiv-museum-fuer-gestaltung-berlin.html |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de}}</ref> Nonné-Schmidt ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Paul Klee, ta yi bincike kan tambayoyi game da ka'idar fasaha, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar Bauhaus daga Klee da [[Gunta Stölzl]] a shekarar 1930. Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta auri da Joost Schmidt (1893–1948), mai rubutu da zane wanda ke koyarwa a Bauhaus kuma shine shugaban sashen zane-zane, sashen talla, da kuma injin buga littattafai. <ref>''Helene Schmidt-Nonne'' in Eckhard Neumann (Ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler: Memories and Confessions. Expanded new edition 1985, 5th edition, DuMont, Cologne 1996, {{ISBN|3-7701-1673-9}}, p. 185–193.</ref> Dukansu sun ƙaura tare da Bauhaus zuwa Dessau, inda Schmidt ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ƙwararre a Bauhaus kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da fasaha har zuwa 1933. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joost Schmidt |url=https://bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/biografien/biografie-detail/person-Meyer-Hannes-1437 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=bauhauskooperation.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> Har zuwa wannan shekarar, sun zauna a kan Burgkühnauer Allee a ɗaya daga cikin Gidajen Jagora sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Berlin, inda Joost Schmidt ya koyar a Makarantar Reimann. A lokacin mulkin Nazi, Joost Schmidt ya sami haramcin aiki bayan an yi masa suka. Nonné-Schmidt ta ƙirƙiro wasu ayyukan fasaha da sana'o'i na lokaci-lokaci a wannan lokacin. An lalata ɗakinta a lokacin hare-haren bama-bamai. Bayan 'yancin kai, Joost Schmidt ya shirya wani baje kolin Bauhaus a Yammacin Berlin, amma ya mutu a shekarar 1948 yayin da yake shirin wani baje kolin a [[Nuremberg]] . A cikin 1949, Nonné-Schmidt ya ɗan yi aiki a mujallar 'Illustrierte Heute' a Munich sannan ya koma Wangen a yankin Allgäu. A shekarar 1953, Max Bill ya gayyaci Nonné, kamar yadda kowa ke kiranta, zuwa sabuwar Makarantar Zane ta Ulm da aka kafa, inda ta gudanar da kwas ɗin farko a cikin shekarun farko tare da tsoffin membobin Bauhaus Josef Albers, Walter Peterhans, da Johannes Itten . Daga cikin ɗalibanta akwai masu fasaha kamar Mary Bauermeister da masu zane Immo Krumrey da Martin Krampen. Ta kammala karatunta a Ulm a shekarar 1956. A shekarar 1961, ta koma Darmstadt, inda wurin farko na Tarihin Bauhaus yake, kuma ta shirya littafinta game da Joost Schmidt, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1984 <ref>Joost Schmidt. Teaching and Work at the Bauhaus 1919-32. Published by Düsseldorf, Edition Marzona, 1984, {{ISBN|9783921420218}}</ref> Helene Nonné-Schmidt ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 84. Ta mutu a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1976, a Darmstadt. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] 1soaokxn40jf5kbglqcfgfjqn8p2bz4 905529 905494 2026-08-21T09:27:55Z Baffa ali 47435 905529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helene Nonné-Schmidt''' (an haife ta a matsayin Helene Frieda Nonne, 8 ga Nuwamba 1891 a Buckau (Magdeburg) ; ta mutu a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar1976 a Darmstadt ) farfesa ce ta Jamus a fannin fasaha a Makarantar Zane ta Ulm kuma mai zane a [[Bauhaus]] . == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Helene Nonné a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1891, a gundumar Buckau da ke Magdeburg, a matsayin 'yar injiniya Franz Nonne da matarsa Leokadya Koterwas. Ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha da Sana'o'i ta Magdeburg, sannan daga a shekarar 1913 zuwa shekara ta 1916 ta halarci Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Berlin, inda ta sami takardar shaidar malamar fasaha, musamman don koyar da zane. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]], ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara. Bayan yaƙin, ta ci gaba da karatunta kuma ta sami takardar shaidar malamar sana'a a shekarar 1919. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar sana'a da fasaha a makarantar Viktoria-Lyceum da ke Berlin da kuma makarantar mata da ke Magdeburg. Ta ziyarci baje kolin Bauhaus da aka yi a Weimar a shekarar 1923 kuma ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunta a can. Saboda karatunta na baya, an keɓe ta daga kwas ɗin farko na Bauhaus kuma ta fara kai tsaye a wurin koyon saka a [[Bauhaus]] a shekarar 1924. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BAUHAUS-ARCHIV / MUSEUM FÜR GESTALTUNG, BERLIN |url=https://projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de/de/bauhaus-im-text/textverzeichnis/archivalien/bauhaus-archiv-museum-fuer-gestaltung-berlin.html |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=projekte.thulb.uni-jena.de}}</ref> Nonné-Schmidt ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Paul Klee, ta yi bincike kan tambayoyi game da ka'idar fasaha, kuma ta sami takardar shaidar Bauhaus daga Klee da [[Gunta Stölzl]] a shekarar 1930. Tun daga shekarar 1925, ta auri da Joost Schmidt (1893–1948), mai rubutu da zane wanda ke koyarwa a Bauhaus kuma shine shugaban sashen zane-zane, sashen talla, da kuma injin buga littattafai. <ref>''Helene Schmidt-Nonne'' in Eckhard Neumann (Ed.): Bauhaus and Bauhäusler: Memories and Confessions. Expanded new edition 1985, 5th edition, DuMont, Cologne 1996, {{ISBN|3-7701-1673-9}}, p. 185–193.</ref> Dukansu sun ƙaura tare da Bauhaus zuwa Dessau, inda Schmidt ya fara aikinsa a matsayin ƙwararre a Bauhaus kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyar da fasaha har zuwa shekarar 1933. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joost Schmidt |url=https://bauhauskooperation.de/wissen/das-bauhaus/koepfe/biografien/biografie-detail/person-Meyer-Hannes-1437 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=bauhauskooperation.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> Har zuwa wannan shekarar, sun zauna a kan Burgkühnauer Allee a ɗaya daga cikin Gidajen Jagora sannan suka ƙaura zuwa Berlin, inda Joost Schmidt ya koyar a Makarantar Reimann. A lokacin mulkin Nazi, Joost Schmidt ya sami haramcin aiki bayan an yi masa suka. Nonné-Schmidt ta ƙirƙiro wasu ayyukan fasaha da sana'o'i na lokaci-lokaci a wannan lokacin. An lalata ɗakinta a lokacin hare-haren bama-bamai. Bayan 'yancin kai, Joost Schmidt ya shirya wani baje kolin Bauhaus a Yammacin Berlin, amma ya mutu a shekarar 1948 yayin da yake shirin wani baje kolin a [[Nuremberg]] . A cikin 1949, Nonné-Schmidt ya ɗan yi aiki a mujallar 'Illustrierte Heute' a Munich sannan ya koma Wangen a yankin Allgäu. A shekarar 1953, Max Bill ya gayyaci Nonné, kamar yadda kowa ke kiranta, zuwa sabuwar Makarantar Zane ta Ulm da aka kafa, inda ta gudanar da kwas ɗin farko a cikin shekarun farko tare da tsoffin membobin Bauhaus Josef Albers, Walter Peterhans, da Johannes Itten . Daga cikin ɗalibanta akwai masu fasaha kamar Mary Bauermeister da masu zane Immo Krumrey da Martin Krampen. Ta kammala karatunta a Ulm a shekarar 1956. A shekarar 1961, ta koma Darmstadt, inda wurin farko na Tarihin Bauhaus yake, kuma ta shirya littafinta game da Joost Schmidt, wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa a shekarar 1984 <ref>Joost Schmidt. Teaching and Work at the Bauhaus 1919-32. Published by Düsseldorf, Edition Marzona, 1984, {{ISBN|9783921420218}}</ref> Helene Nonné-Schmidt ta rayu har zuwa shekaru 84. Ta mutu a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1976, a Darmstadt. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1891]] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]] 1ryu78dj99k3e8o5rv537upwlfq8063 0 165035 905495 2026-08-21T08:29:13Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343405774|Molly Cramer]]" 905495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Molly_Cramer_-_Geese_on_a_Late_Summer_Alameda.jpg|thumb|359x359px| ''Geese a kan Alameda na Ƙarshen Lokacin bazara'']] '''Molly Cramer''' (25 ga Yuni 1852 - 18 Janairu 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zanen fure, shimfidar wuri da kuma hotuna na Jamus. An horar da ita a tsohuwar al'adar mutanen Holland, ta koma ga [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionism]] a shekarunta na ƙarshe. == Rayuwa == Cramer ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan kasuwa masu arziki a [[Hamburg]] . Tare da 'yar uwarta, mai zane [[Helene Cramer]], za ta iya fara koyon aikin fenti ne kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1882. Malamarta ta farko ita ce mai zane a Hamburg [[Theobald Riefesell|, Theobald Riefesell]], sai kuma masu zane Carl Rodeck da [[Hinrich Wrage]] . A shekarar 1890, ta je [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] don yin horo a ƙarƙashin Eugène Joors, wadda ta koyar bisa ga al'adar makarantar Dutch. Da farko ta zana furanni masu rai tare da shi. Da ta dawo Hamburg, ta jawo hankalin daraktan gidan zane-zane Alfred Lichtwark a matsayin mai zane-zanen furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Daidai da manufar Lichtwark, ta yi aiki ne kawai da shuke-shuken yankin maimakon sake ƙirƙirar manyan ''furannin Makartbouquets'' (kusoshin furanni na wucin gadi ko busassun da ake amfani da su don ado, waɗanda suka shahara a salon ƙirar ciki na Hans Makart ). Cramer ta nuna ayyukanta a Fadar Fasaha da Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#cramerM |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1898, Cramer ta mayar da hankalinta ga sabbin fannoni ta kuma yi aiki a kan shimfidar wurare da hotuna. Salon ta yanzu ya zama [[Zanen Ra'ayi|abin burgewa]]. Duk da haka, rayuwar fure har yanzu ta kasance abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai. Via Lichtwark Cramer da 'yar uwarta sun saba da ƙananan masu zane a Hamburg kamar [[Ernst Eitner]], Arthur Illies, da Paul Kayser, waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Hamburg a 1897. Duk 'yan'uwan Cramer biyu sun nuna zane-zanensu tare da su, amma ba sa cikin ƙungiyar masu fasaha. A madadin haka, gidan Cramers ya zama wurin taruwa ga masu fasaha da masoyan fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, Molly Cramer ta tallata matasa masu fasaha ta hanyar siyan ayyukansu kuma ta ba da kuɗin rangadin karatu ga Ernst Eitner. Cramer ta nuna zane-zanenta a [[Moscow]], [[Budapest]], [[Landan|London]], da [[Chicago]] . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta fuskanci koma-baya a tsarin rayuwarta kuma aka tilasta mata sayar da zane-zane daga tarin kayanta. Daga ƙarshe ta zauna tare da wani ƙaramin dangi kuma ta mutu a ranar 18 ga Janairu 1936 a Hamburg. Kaburburan Helene da Molly Cramer suna nan a Makabartar Hamburg Ohlsdorf da ke Lambun Mata. == Manazarta == 08613wd77ift6lyir7t90mus6gt8nj1 905496 905495 2026-08-21T08:29:34Z Nnamadee 31123 905496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Molly_Cramer_-_Geese_on_a_Late_Summer_Alameda.jpg|thumb|359x359px| ''Geese a kan Alameda na Ƙarshen Lokacin bazara'']] '''Molly Cramer''' (25 ga Yuni 1852 - 18 Janairu 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zanen fure, shimfidar wuri da kuma hotuna na Jamus. An horar da ita a tsohuwar al'adar mutanen Holland, ta koma ga [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionism]] a shekarunta na ƙarshe. == Rayuwa == Cramer ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan kasuwa masu arziki a [[Hamburg]] . Tare da 'yar uwarta, mai zane [[Helene Cramer]], za ta iya fara koyon aikin fenti ne kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1882. Malamarta ta farko ita ce mai zane a Hamburg [[Theobald Riefesell|, Theobald Riefesell]], sai kuma masu zane Carl Rodeck da [[Hinrich Wrage]] . A shekarar 1890, ta je [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] don yin horo a ƙarƙashin Eugène Joors, wadda ta koyar bisa ga al'adar makarantar Dutch. Da farko ta zana furanni masu rai tare da shi. Da ta dawo Hamburg, ta jawo hankalin daraktan gidan zane-zane Alfred Lichtwark a matsayin mai zane-zanen furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Daidai da manufar Lichtwark, ta yi aiki ne kawai da shuke-shuken yankin maimakon sake ƙirƙirar manyan ''furannin Makartbouquets'' (kusoshin furanni na wucin gadi ko busassun da ake amfani da su don ado, waɗanda suka shahara a salon ƙirar ciki na Hans Makart ). Cramer ta nuna ayyukanta a Fadar Fasaha da Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#cramerM |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1898, Cramer ta mayar da hankalinta ga sabbin fannoni ta kuma yi aiki a kan shimfidar wurare da hotuna. Salon ta yanzu ya zama [[Zanen Ra'ayi|abin burgewa]]. Duk da haka, rayuwar fure har yanzu ta kasance abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai. Via Lichtwark Cramer da 'yar uwarta sun saba da ƙananan masu zane a Hamburg kamar [[Ernst Eitner]], Arthur Illies, da Paul Kayser, waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Hamburg a 1897. Duk 'yan'uwan Cramer biyu sun nuna zane-zanensu tare da su, amma ba sa cikin ƙungiyar masu fasaha. A madadin haka, gidan Cramers ya zama wurin taruwa ga masu fasaha da masoyan fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, Molly Cramer ta tallata matasa masu fasaha ta hanyar siyan ayyukansu kuma ta ba da kuɗin rangadin karatu ga Ernst Eitner. Cramer ta nuna zane-zanenta a [[Moscow]], [[Budapest]], [[Landan|London]], da [[Chicago]] . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta fuskanci koma-baya a tsarin rayuwarta kuma aka tilasta mata sayar da zane-zane daga tarin kayanta. Daga ƙarshe ta zauna tare da wani ƙaramin dangi kuma ta mutu a ranar 18 ga Janairu 1936 a Hamburg. Kaburburan Helene da Molly Cramer suna nan a Makabartar Hamburg Ohlsdorf da ke Lambun Mata. == Manazarta == jt9avky1kl2arni9c1hv8lh66jjm9rp 905530 905496 2026-08-21T09:30:32Z Baffa ali 47435 905530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Molly_Cramer_-_Geese_on_a_Late_Summer_Alameda.jpg|thumb|359x359px| ''Geese a kan Alameda na Ƙarshen Lokacin bazara'']] '''Molly Cramer''' ( a ranar 25 ga ga watan Yuni a shekarar 1852 - zuwa ranar 18 ga watan Janairu a shekarar 1936) ta kasance mai zane-zanen fure, shimfidar wuri da kuma hotuna na Jamus. An horar da ita a tsohuwar al'adar mutanen Holland, ta koma ga [[Zanen Ra'ayi|Impressionism]] a shekarunta na ƙarshe. == Rayuwa == Cramer ya fito ne daga dangin 'yan kasuwa masu arziki a [[Hamburg]] . Tare da 'yar uwarta, mai zane [[Helene Cramer]], za ta iya fara koyon aikin fenti ne kawai bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1882. Malamarta ta farko ita ce mai zane a Hamburg [[Theobald Riefesell|, Theobald Riefesell]], sai kuma masu zane Carl Rodeck da [[Hinrich Wrage]] . A shekarar 1890, ta je [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] don yin horo a ƙarƙashin Eugène Joors, wadda ta koyar bisa ga al'adar makarantar Dutch. Da farko ta zana furanni masu rai tare da shi. Da ta dawo Hamburg, ta jawo hankalin daraktan gidan zane-zane Alfred Lichtwark a matsayin mai zane-zanen furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Daidai da manufar Lichtwark, ta yi aiki ne kawai da shuke-shuken yankin maimakon sake ƙirƙirar manyan ''furannin Makartbouquets'' (kusoshin furanni na wucin gadi ko busassun da ake amfani da su don ado, waɗanda suka shahara a salon ƙirar ciki na Hans Makart ). Cramer ta nuna ayyukanta a Fadar Fasaha da Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cc.html#cramerM |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1898, Cramer ta mayar da hankalinta ga sabbin fannoni ta kuma yi aiki a kan shimfidar wurare da hotuna. Salon ta yanzu ya zama [[Zanen Ra'ayi|abin burgewa]]. Duk da haka, rayuwar fure har yanzu ta kasance abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai. Via Lichtwark Cramer da 'yar uwarta sun saba da ƙananan masu zane a Hamburg kamar [[Ernst Eitner]], Arthur Illies, da Paul Kayser, waɗanda suka kafa Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Hamburg a shekarar 1897. Duk 'yan'uwan Cramer biyu sun nuna zane-zanensu tare da su, amma ba sa cikin ƙungiyar masu fasaha. A madadin haka, gidan Cramers ya zama wurin taruwa ga masu fasaha da masoyan fasaha. Bugu da ƙari, Molly Cramer ta tallata matasa masu fasaha ta hanyar siyan ayyukansu kuma ta ba da kuɗin rangadin karatu ga Ernst Eitner. Cramer ta nuna zane-zanenta a [[Moscow]], [[Budapest]], [[Landan|London]], da [[Chicago]] . A ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta fuskanci koma-baya a tsarin rayuwarta kuma aka tilasta mata sayar da zane-zane daga tarin kayanta. Daga ƙarshe ta zauna tare da wani ƙaramin dangi kuma ta mutu a ranar 18 ga watan Janairu a shekarar 1936 a Hamburg. Kaburburan Helene da Molly Cramer suna nan a Makabartar Hamburg Ohlsdorf da ke Lambun Mata. == Manazarta == sy39td73oyohoh1mbbc9zu2qe56a4hm 0 165036 905497 2026-08-21T08:32:16Z Em-mustapha 6594 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370471066|Hamza Abdelkarim]]" 905497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamza Mohamed Abdelkarim Selim''' (Larabci; حمزة محمد عبد الكريم سليم; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2008) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar La Liga [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] ƙasar Masar . == Fara wasan kulub == === Al Ahly === Abdelkarim ya yi makarantar koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Al Ahly a shekarar 2020, bayan ya wuce gwajin kulob ɗin. An kira shi zuwa babbar tawagar kulub ɗin a karo na farko a watan Janairun 2025, a gaban wasan Firimiya na Masar da Pharco . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=بعد ظهوره للمرة الأولى في قائمة الأهلي.. من هو حمزة عبدالكريم؟ |trans-title=After his first appearance on Al-Ahly's roster... Who is Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/112526/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba, shawarar kiran shi tun yana ƙarami ya jawo yabo daga kocin tawagar matasa ta Masar Tamer Hassan, wanda ya ba Abdelkarim damar zama babban ɗan wasa ga Al Ahly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=مدرب منتخب الشباب يشيد بقرار انضمام حمزة عبدالكريم لقائمة الأهلى أمام فاركو |trans-title=The youth team coach praises the decision to include Hamza Abdelkarim in Al-Ahly's squad against Pharco |url=https://elcaptain.dostor.org/216657 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=elcaptain.dostor.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2025, Abdelkarim ya fara bugawa kulob ɗin wasa na farko, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Emam Ashour a nasarar 2-1 a kan Petrojet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=دخل بديلًا لإمام عاشور.. من هو حمزة عبد الكريم ناشئ الأهلي الجديد؟ |trans-title=He replaced Emam Ashour.. Who is Hamza Abdelkarim, Al-Ahly's new junior |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/117461/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Ta yin haka, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya wakilci kulob ɗin a ƙarni na 21, ya wuce rikodin Ramadan Sobhi da kwanaki tara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم أصغر لاعب يشارك مع الأهلي |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is the youngest player to play for Al-Ahly |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3371647 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=almasryalyoum.com |language=ar}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, an ruwaito cewa kulob ɗin Dutch Feyenoord na Eredivisie suna da sha'awar ɗaukar Abdelkarim a gwaji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2025 |title=فاينورد الهولندي يطلب ضم حمزة عبدالكريم.. والأهلي يدرس القرار |trans-title=Dutch club Feyenoord requests to sign Hamza Abdelkarim, and Al-Ahly is studying the decision |url=https://sport.elfagr.org/5119168 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elfagr.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2026, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Al Ahly har zuwa 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2026 |title=Hamza Abdel Karim Extends Contract with Al Ahly Before Moving to Barcelona |url=https://www.ysscores.com/en/news/13901093/Hamza-Abdel-Karim-Extends-Contract-with-Al-Ahly-Before-Moving-to-Barcelona |publisher=ysscores.com}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2026, Abdelkarim ya koma ƙungiyar Segunda Federación ta Barcelona Atletic a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2025-26, tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Hamza Abdelkarim joins Barça Atlètic |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/news/4442438/hamza-abdelkarim-joins-barca-atletic |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Barcelona Juvenil wasa a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasan 2-2 tare da ƙungiyar matasa ta SD Huesca . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=Video: Hamza AbdelKarim scores first Barcelona youth goal on debut against Huesca |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/article/video-hamza-abdelkarim-scores-first-barcelona-youth-goal-on-debut-against-huesca |publisher=Pan-Africa Football}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a cikin sha'awar Sporting CP da Bologna, a ranar 10 ga Yuni, Barcelona ta sanya musayar Abdelkarim daga Al Ahly na dindindin bayan sun yi amfani da zaɓin siye a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 1.5, tare da kari masu alaƙa da aikin.<ref name="Monfort">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2026 |title=Los secretos del fichaje de Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/secretos-fichaje-hamza-abdelkarim-convencio-131311671 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 2026, Abdelkarim ya fara buga wa Barcelona wasa na farko a wasan sada zumunta da ya yi da CE Europa, wanda Barcelona ta ci 4-1. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da farawa a wasan sada zumunta na gaba da Birmingham City mako guda bayan haka, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan 2-2 kafin Barcelona ta rasa 3-2 a wasan kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=campaign |first=FC Barcelona showed plenty of positive signs but ultimately fell to Birmingham City in a penalty shootout after a 2-2 draw in regulation time in its second preseason match ahead of the new |title=Birmingham City Defeats FC Barcelona on Penalties After a Thrilling 2-2 Draw in an International Friendly |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/friendlies/articles/birmingham-city-defeats-fc-barcelona-on-penalties-after-a-thrilling-2-2-draw-in-an-international-friendly-2026-07-31 |access-date=2026-08-01 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> Abedlkarim ya ci gaba da taka leda a wasannin Barcelona da Nottingham Forest, [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]], Basel da Al Ahly, inda ya ci kwallaye biyu na karshe kuma ya sami yabo ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi kafin kakar wasa ta bana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2026 |title=Ahead of the Al-Ahly match: a message from Barcelona regarding Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahead-of-the-al-ahly-match-a-message-from-barcelona-regarding-hamza-abdelkarim/blt39ef55bc0cc10924 |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2026 |title=A narrow win, Hamza's brilliance and the Raphinha surprise: How the Spanish press saw the Al Ahly and Barcelona match |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/a-narrow-win-hamza-s-brilliance-and-the-raphinha-surprise-how-the-spanish-press-saw-the-al-ahly-and-barcelona-match/blt83de6da771e678ca |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Abdelkarim ya wakilci ƙasar Masar a gasar UNAF U17 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Aljeriya da Maroko, inda ya zura ƙwallaye uku a wasannin biyu don taimakawa ƙasarsa ta lashe lambobin biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2025 |title=حمزه عبدالكريم يصعد ضمن صفوف نادي الأهلي بعد تلاقيه رجال المباراة مرتين متتاليتين في منتخب مصر للناشئين |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is promoted to the Al Ahly squad after facing the men of the match twice in a row in the Egyptian youth national team |url=https://trend.elwatanplus.com/%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=trend.elwatanplus.com |language=ar}}</ref> An sake kiransa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta U17 ta 2025, amma bai iya taimaka wa Masar cigaba ba bayan matakin rukuni, duk da zira kwallaye sau biyu. Ayyukansa na Man of the Match a kan Angola, gami da zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a nasarar Masar ta 2-1, ya sami al'ummarsa wuri a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U17 ta 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم يحصد جائزة أفضل لاعب في مباراة مصر وأنجولا |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim wins the best player award in the Egypt-Angola match |url=https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/1227065/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elwatannews.com |language=ar}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2026, an ambaci sunan Abdelkarim a cikin tawagar ƙasar Masar don zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2026 |title=حسام حسن يعلن قائمة المنتخب الوطني المبدئية استعداداً لكأس العالم |trans-title=Hossam Hassan announces the preliminary squad for the national team in preparation for the World Cup |url=https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ |access-date=May 20, 2026 |publisher=[[Egyptian Football Association]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko na tawagar ƙasar Masar a ranar 28 ga Mayu, a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 86 a wasan sada zumunci na 1-0 da Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rzouki |first=Mina |date=9 June 2026 |title=World Cup 2026: Five young Arab talents who could light up the tournament |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2026/06/09/world-cup-2026-five-young-arab-talents-who-could-light-up-the-tournament/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan 1-1 tare da Belgium, ya zama dan wasan Masar mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar cin kofen duniya, yana da shekaru 18 da kwanaki 165.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: June 15 day of WC draws, Spain's 734, South America 0/4 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49077523/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-june-15-day-wc-draws-spain-734-south-america-0-4 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Abdelkarim ya halarci Makarantar Ƙasa da ƙasa ta Kuala Lumpur da Makarantar Ƙasa ta Amurka a Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2026 |title=No Little mistake - rise of youngster a big lesson for FAM |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2026/06/04/no-little-mistake---rise-of-youngster-a-big-lesson-for-fam}}</ref> Yana da ƙwarewa a cfannin Larabci da Ingilishi, kuma yana koyon [[Yaren Sifen|harshen Espanya]] tun daga shekara ta 2026.<ref name="Monfort" /> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulub === {{Updated|match played 15 January 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|hamza-abdel-karim/1019710}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Egyptian League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Al Ahly |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[CAF Champions League]]}} |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Hamza Abdelkarima LaPreferente.com (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) {{FC Barcelona Atlètic squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tfftjlvnzzo84gxegs4lzb6ealpxngx 905499 905497 2026-08-21T08:33:57Z Em-mustapha 6594 /* */ m 905499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hamza Mohamed Abdelkarim Selim''' (Larabci; حمزة محمد عبد الكريم سليم; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2008) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar La Liga [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] ƙasar Masar . == Fara wasan kulub == === Al Ahly === Abdelkarim ya yi makarantar koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Al Ahly a shekarar 2020, bayan ya wuce gwajin kulob ɗin. An kira shi zuwa babbar tawagar kulub ɗin a karo na farko a watan Janairun 2025, a gaban wasan Firimiya na Masar da Pharco . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=بعد ظهوره للمرة الأولى في قائمة الأهلي.. من هو حمزة عبدالكريم؟ |trans-title=After his first appearance on Al-Ahly's roster... Who is Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/112526/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba, shawarar kiran shi tun yana ƙarami ya jawo yabo daga kocin tawagar matasa ta Masar Tamer Hassan, wanda ya ba Abdelkarim damar zama babban ɗan wasa ga Al Ahly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=مدرب منتخب الشباب يشيد بقرار انضمام حمزة عبدالكريم لقائمة الأهلى أمام فاركو |trans-title=The youth team coach praises the decision to include Hamza Abdelkarim in Al-Ahly's squad against Pharco |url=https://elcaptain.dostor.org/216657 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=elcaptain.dostor.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2025, Abdelkarim ya fara bugawa kulob ɗin wasa na farko, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Emam Ashour a nasarar 2-1 a kan Petrojet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=دخل بديلًا لإمام عاشور.. من هو حمزة عبد الكريم ناشئ الأهلي الجديد؟ |trans-title=He replaced Emam Ashour.. Who is Hamza Abdelkarim, Al-Ahly's new junior |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/117461/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Ta yin haka, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya wakilci kulob ɗin a ƙarni na 21, ya wuce rikodin Ramadan Sobhi da kwanaki tara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم أصغر لاعب يشارك مع الأهلي |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is the youngest player to play for Al-Ahly |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3371647 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=almasryalyoum.com |language=ar}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, an ruwaito cewa kulob ɗin Dutch Feyenoord na Eredivisie suna da sha'awar ɗaukar Abdelkarim a gwaji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2025 |title=فاينورد الهولندي يطلب ضم حمزة عبدالكريم.. والأهلي يدرس القرار |trans-title=Dutch club Feyenoord requests to sign Hamza Abdelkarim, and Al-Ahly is studying the decision |url=https://sport.elfagr.org/5119168 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elfagr.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2026, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Al Ahly har zuwa 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2026 |title=Hamza Abdel Karim Extends Contract with Al Ahly Before Moving to Barcelona |url=https://www.ysscores.com/en/news/13901093/Hamza-Abdel-Karim-Extends-Contract-with-Al-Ahly-Before-Moving-to-Barcelona |publisher=ysscores.com}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2026, Abdelkarim ya koma ƙungiyar Segunda Federación ta Barcelona Atletic a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar 2025-26, tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Hamza Abdelkarim joins Barça Atlètic |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/news/4442438/hamza-abdelkarim-joins-barca-atletic |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Barcelona Juvenil wasa a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasan 2-2 tare da ƙungiyar matasa ta SD Huesca . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=Video: Hamza AbdelKarim scores first Barcelona youth goal on debut against Huesca |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/article/video-hamza-abdelkarim-scores-first-barcelona-youth-goal-on-debut-against-huesca |publisher=Pan-Africa Football}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a cikin sha'awar Sporting CP da Bologna, a ranar 10 ga Yuni, Barcelona ta sanya musayar Abdelkarim daga Al Ahly na dindindin bayan sun yi amfani da zaɓin siye a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 1.5, tare da kari masu alaƙa da aikin.<ref name="Monfort">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2026 |title=Los secretos del fichaje de Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/secretos-fichaje-hamza-abdelkarim-convencio-131311671 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 2026, Abdelkarim ya fara buga wa Barcelona wasa na farko a wasan sada zumunta da ya yi da CE Europa, wanda Barcelona ta ci 4-1. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da farawa a wasan sada zumunta na gaba da Birmingham City mako guda bayan haka, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan 2-2 kafin Barcelona ta rasa 3-2 a wasan kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=campaign |first=FC Barcelona showed plenty of positive signs but ultimately fell to Birmingham City in a penalty shootout after a 2-2 draw in regulation time in its second preseason match ahead of the new |title=Birmingham City Defeats FC Barcelona on Penalties After a Thrilling 2-2 Draw in an International Friendly |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/friendlies/articles/birmingham-city-defeats-fc-barcelona-on-penalties-after-a-thrilling-2-2-draw-in-an-international-friendly-2026-07-31 |access-date=2026-08-01 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> Abedlkarim ya ci gaba da taka leda a wasannin Barcelona da Nottingham Forest, [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]], Basel da Al Ahly, inda ya ci kwallaye biyu na karshe kuma ya sami yabo ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi kafin kakar wasa ta bana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2026 |title=Ahead of the Al-Ahly match: a message from Barcelona regarding Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahead-of-the-al-ahly-match-a-message-from-barcelona-regarding-hamza-abdelkarim/blt39ef55bc0cc10924 |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2026 |title=A narrow win, Hamza's brilliance and the Raphinha surprise: How the Spanish press saw the Al Ahly and Barcelona match |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/a-narrow-win-hamza-s-brilliance-and-the-raphinha-surprise-how-the-spanish-press-saw-the-al-ahly-and-barcelona-match/blt83de6da771e678ca |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Abdelkarim ya wakilci ƙasar Masar a gasar UNAF U17 ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Aljeriya da Maroko, inda ya zura ƙwallaye uku a wasannin biyu don taimakawa ƙasarsa ta lashe lambobin biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2025 |title=حمزه عبدالكريم يصعد ضمن صفوف نادي الأهلي بعد تلاقيه رجال المباراة مرتين متتاليتين في منتخب مصر للناشئين |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is promoted to the Al Ahly squad after facing the men of the match twice in a row in the Egyptian youth national team |url=https://trend.elwatanplus.com/%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=trend.elwatanplus.com |language=ar}}</ref> An sake kiransa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta U17 ta 2025, amma bai iya taimaka wa Masar cigaba ba bayan matakin rukuni, duk da zira kwallaye sau biyu. Ayyukansa na Man of the Match a kan Angola, gami da zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a nasarar Masar ta 2-1, ya sami al'ummarsa wuri a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U17 ta 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم يحصد جائزة أفضل لاعب في مباراة مصر وأنجولا |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim wins the best player award in the Egypt-Angola match |url=https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/1227065/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elwatannews.com |language=ar}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Mayu 2026, an ambaci sunan Abdelkarim a cikin tawagar ƙasar Masar don zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2026 |title=حسام حسن يعلن قائمة المنتخب الوطني المبدئية استعداداً لكأس العالم |trans-title=Hossam Hassan announces the preliminary squad for the national team in preparation for the World Cup |url=https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ |access-date=May 20, 2026 |publisher=[[Egyptian Football Association]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko na tawagar ƙasar Masar a ranar 28 ga Mayu, a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 86 a wasan sada zumunci na 1-0 da Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rzouki |first=Mina |date=9 June 2026 |title=World Cup 2026: Five young Arab talents who could light up the tournament |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2026/06/09/world-cup-2026-five-young-arab-talents-who-could-light-up-the-tournament/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan 1-1 tare da Belgium, ya zama dan wasan Masar mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar cin kofen duniya, yana da shekaru 18 da kwanaki 165.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: June 15 day of WC draws, Spain's 734, South America 0/4 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49077523/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-june-15-day-wc-draws-spain-734-south-america-0-4 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Abdelkarim ya halarci Makarantar Ƙasa da ƙasa ta Kuala Lumpur da Makarantar Ƙasa ta Amurka a Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2026 |title=No Little mistake - rise of youngster a big lesson for FAM |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2026/06/04/no-little-mistake---rise-of-youngster-a-big-lesson-for-fam}}</ref> Yana da ƙwarewa a cfannin Larabci da Ingilishi, kuma yana koyon [[Yaren Sifen|harshen Espanya]] tun daga shekara ta 2026.<ref name="Monfort" /> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulub === {{Updated|match played 15 January 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|hamza-abdel-karim/1019710}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Egyptian League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Al Ahly |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[CAF Champions League]]}} |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Hamza Abdelkarima LaPreferente.com (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) {{FC Barcelona Atlètic squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8kiuyxagm1drruxjtmeaxhv93y4c00d 905531 905499 2026-08-21T09:34:09Z Baffa ali 47435 905531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hamza Mohamed Abdelkarim Selim''' (Larabci; حمزة محمد عبد الكريم سليم; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Janairu shekarar 2008) ya kasance ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Masar wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar La Liga [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] da [[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] ƙasar Masar . == Fara wasan kulub == === Al Ahly === Abdelkarim ya yi makarantar koyar da ƙwallon ƙafa ta Al Ahly a shekarar 2020, bayan ya wuce gwajin kulob ɗin. An kira shi zuwa babbar tawagar kulub ɗin a karo na farko a watan Janairun a shekarar 2025, a gaban wasan Firimiya na Masar da Pharco . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=بعد ظهوره للمرة الأولى في قائمة الأهلي.. من هو حمزة عبدالكريم؟ |trans-title=After his first appearance on Al-Ahly's roster... Who is Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/112526/%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%B8%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%84%D9%8A |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba, shawarar kiran shi tun yana ƙarami ya jawo yabo daga kocin tawagar matasa ta Masar Tamer Hassan, wanda ya ba Abdelkarim damar zama babban ɗan wasa ga Al Ahly.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2025 |title=مدرب منتخب الشباب يشيد بقرار انضمام حمزة عبدالكريم لقائمة الأهلى أمام فاركو |trans-title=The youth team coach praises the decision to include Hamza Abdelkarim in Al-Ahly's squad against Pharco |url=https://elcaptain.dostor.org/216657 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=elcaptain.dostor.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan da ya biyo baya, a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 2025, Abdelkarim ya fara bugawa kulob ɗin wasa na farko, ya zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Emam Ashour a nasarar 2-1 a kan Petrojet.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=دخل بديلًا لإمام عاشور.. من هو حمزة عبد الكريم ناشئ الأهلي الجديد؟ |trans-title=He replaced Emam Ashour.. Who is Hamza Abdelkarim, Al-Ahly's new junior |url=https://www.egypttelegraph.com/article/117461/%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=egypttelegraph.com |language=ar}}</ref> Ta yin haka, ya zama ɗan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ya wakilci kulob ɗin a ƙarni na 21, ya wuce rikodin Ramadan Sobhi da kwanaki tara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم أصغر لاعب يشارك مع الأهلي |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is the youngest player to play for Al-Ahly |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/3371647 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=almasryalyoum.com |language=ar}}</ref> A mako mai zuwa, an ruwaito cewa kulob ɗin Dutch Feyenoord na Eredivisie suna da sha'awar ɗaukar Abdelkarim a gwaji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2025 |title=فاينورد الهولندي يطلب ضم حمزة عبدالكريم.. والأهلي يدرس القرار |trans-title=Dutch club Feyenoord requests to sign Hamza Abdelkarim, and Al-Ahly is studying the decision |url=https://sport.elfagr.org/5119168 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elfagr.org |language=ar}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2026, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Al Ahly har zuwa 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 January 2026 |title=Hamza Abdel Karim Extends Contract with Al Ahly Before Moving to Barcelona |url=https://www.ysscores.com/en/news/13901093/Hamza-Abdel-Karim-Extends-Contract-with-Al-Ahly-Before-Moving-to-Barcelona |publisher=ysscores.com}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairu a shekarar 2026, Abdelkarim ya koma ƙungiyar Segunda Federación ta Barcelona Atletic a matsayin aro har zuwa ƙarshen kakar shekarar 2025 zuwa ta shekarar 2026, tare da zaɓi don saya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Hamza Abdelkarim joins Barça Atlètic |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/barca-b/news/4442438/hamza-abdelkarim-joins-barca-atletic |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Ya fara bugawa Barcelona Juvenil wasa a ranar 8 ga watan Maris, inda ya zura kwallaye a wasan 2-2 tare da ƙungiyar matasa ta SD Huesca . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2026 |title=Video: Hamza AbdelKarim scores first Barcelona youth goal on debut against Huesca |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/article/video-hamza-abdelkarim-scores-first-barcelona-youth-goal-on-debut-against-huesca |publisher=Pan-Africa Football}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a cikin sha'awar Sporting CP da Bologna, a ranar 10 ga Yuni, Barcelona ta sanya musayar Abdelkarim daga Al Ahly na dindindin bayan sun yi amfani da zaɓin siye a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kai Yuro miliyan 1.5, tare da kari masu alaƙa da aikin.<ref name="Monfort">{{Cite web |date=12 June 2026 |title=Los secretos del fichaje de Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/secretos-fichaje-hamza-abdelkarim-convencio-131311671 |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin a shekarar 2026, Abdelkarim ya fara buga wa Barcelona wasa na farko a wasan sada zumunta da ya yi da CE Europa, wanda Barcelona ta ci 4-1. Daga nan sai ya ci gaba da farawa a wasan sada zumunta na gaba da Birmingham City mako guda bayan haka, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan 2-2 kafin Barcelona ta rasa 3-2 a wasan kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=campaign |first=FC Barcelona showed plenty of positive signs but ultimately fell to Birmingham City in a penalty shootout after a 2-2 draw in regulation time in its second preseason match ahead of the new |title=Birmingham City Defeats FC Barcelona on Penalties After a Thrilling 2-2 Draw in an International Friendly |url=https://www.beinsports.com/en-us/soccer/friendlies/articles/birmingham-city-defeats-fc-barcelona-on-penalties-after-a-thrilling-2-2-draw-in-an-international-friendly-2026-07-31 |access-date=2026-08-01 |website=beIN SPORTS |language=en-us}}</ref> Abedlkarim ya ci gaba da taka leda a wasannin Barcelona da Nottingham Forest, [[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]], Basel da Al Ahly, inda ya ci kwallaye biyu na karshe kuma ya sami yabo ga wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi kafin kakar wasa ta bana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2026 |title=Ahead of the Al-Ahly match: a message from Barcelona regarding Hamza Abdelkarim |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/ahead-of-the-al-ahly-match-a-message-from-barcelona-regarding-hamza-abdelkarim/blt39ef55bc0cc10924 |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2026 |title=A narrow win, Hamza's brilliance and the Raphinha surprise: How the Spanish press saw the Al Ahly and Barcelona match |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/a-narrow-win-hamza-s-brilliance-and-the-raphinha-surprise-how-the-spanish-press-saw-the-al-ahly-and-barcelona-match/blt83de6da771e678ca |access-date=20 August 2026 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == Abdelkarim ya wakilci ƙasar Masar a gasar UNAF U17 ta shekarar 2024 da aka gudanar a Aljeriya da Maroko, inda ya zura ƙwallaye uku a wasannin biyu don taimakawa ƙasarsa ta lashe lambobin biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 February 2025 |title=حمزه عبدالكريم يصعد ضمن صفوف نادي الأهلي بعد تلاقيه رجال المباراة مرتين متتاليتين في منتخب مصر للناشئين |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim is promoted to the Al Ahly squad after facing the men of the match twice in a row in the Egyptian youth national team |url=https://trend.elwatanplus.com/%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b2%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85/ |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=trend.elwatanplus.com |language=ar}}</ref> An sake kiransa don gasar cin kofin Afirka ta U17 ta shekarar 2025, amma bai iya taimaka wa Masar cigaba ba bayan matakin rukuni, duk da zira kwallaye sau biyu. Ayyukansa na Man of the Match a kan Angola, gami da zura kwallaye sau ɗaya a nasarar Masar ta 2-1, ya sami al'ummarsa wuri a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U17 ta shekarar 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2025 |title=حمزة عبدالكريم يحصد جائزة أفضل لاعب في مباراة مصر وأنجولا |trans-title=Hamza Abdelkarim wins the best player award in the Egypt-Angola match |url=https://sport.elwatannews.com/ar/1/1/1227065/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7 |access-date=19 May 2025 |website=sport.elwatannews.com |language=ar}}</ref> A ranar 20 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 2026, an ambaci sunan Abdelkarim a cikin tawagar ƙasar Masar don zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA na shekarar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2026 |title=حسام حسن يعلن قائمة المنتخب الوطني المبدئية استعداداً لكأس العالم |trans-title=Hossam Hassan announces the preliminary squad for the national team in preparation for the World Cup |url=https://www.efa.com.eg/ar/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ |access-date=May 20, 2026 |publisher=[[Egyptian Football Association]] |language=en}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasan farko na tawagar ƙasar Masar a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, a matsayin mai maye gurbin minti na 86 a wasan sada zumunci na 1-0 da Rasha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rzouki |first=Mina |date=9 June 2026 |title=World Cup 2026: Five young Arab talents who could light up the tournament |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/football/2026/06/09/world-cup-2026-five-young-arab-talents-who-could-light-up-the-tournament/ |publisher=The National News}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga watan Yuni, ya fara gasar cin kofin duniya a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan 1-1 tare da Belgium, ya zama dan wasan Masar mafi ƙanƙanta da ya fito a gasar cin kofen duniya, yana da shekaru 18 da kwanaki 165.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2026 |title=FIFA World Cup 2026 stats: June 15 day of WC draws, Spain's 734, South America 0/4 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/49077523/fifa-world-cup-2026-stats-june-15-day-wc-draws-spain-734-south-america-0-4 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa == Abdelkarim ya halarci Makarantar Ƙasa da ƙasa ta Kuala Lumpur da Makarantar Ƙasa ta Amurka a Masar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2026 |title=No Little mistake - rise of youngster a big lesson for FAM |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/football/2026/06/04/no-little-mistake---rise-of-youngster-a-big-lesson-for-fam}}</ref> Yana da ƙwarewa a cfannin Larabci da Ingilishi, kuma yana koyon [[Yaren Sifen|harshen Espanya]] tun daga shekara ta 2026.<ref name="Monfort" /> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulub === {{Updated|match played 15 January 2026}}<ref>{{Soccerway|hamza-abdel-karim/1019710}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Egypt Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Egyptian League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Al Ahly |2024–25 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2025–26 |Gasar Firimiya ta Masar |0 |0 |1 |0 |6 |0 |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[CAF Champions League]]}} |0 |0 |0 |8 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !1 !0 !1 !0 !6 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !0 |} {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == * Hamza Abdelkarima LaPreferente.com (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) {{FC Barcelona Atlètic squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 01phxc9pneg9r9qlg6ofwb88zy73pfm 0 165037 905498 2026-08-21T08:33:50Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358677308|Helga von Cramm]]" 905498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baroness Helga von Cramm''' (1840–1919) [[Painting|ƙwararriyar mai zane]] ce ta Jamus da Switzerland, mai zane-zane da zane-zane . == Rayuwa ta farko == Baroness Helga von Cramm ita ce babbar 'ya ga Wolf Frederick Adolf von Cramm-Burchard (1812–1879) da matarsa Hedwig (1819–1891), 'yar Philipp Lebrecht von Cramm-Oelber. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Brunswick Cuirassiers, ɗan doki ne kuma ɗan gidan sarauta na Chamberlain kuma Ubangijin Sarakuna na William VIII na Braunschweig ). Daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa da ke Rhode. A shekarar 1885 ta auri ɗan siyasa ɗan Brunswick mai suna Erich Griepenkerl (1813–1888), ɗan Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl (1782–1849) kuma ɗan'uwan [[Wolfgang Robert Griepenkerl]] (1810–1868). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Descendants of Ernst von Cramm |url=https://heinbruins.nl/SieCramm.html |website=heinbruins.nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1896, Helga Griepenkerl ta isa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] bayan ta yi tafiya daga Bremen zuwa New York ta Southampton a kan jirgin ruwa na Lahn . == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Lucerne,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg| Lucerne Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Lake_Maggiore,_Christmas_card.jpg|alt=Lake Maggiore, Christmas card| Tafkin Maggiore, katin Kirsimeti Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Chillon,_with_Havergal_poem,_C._Caswell_publisher,_1870s.jpg|alt=Chillon Castle| Gidan Chillon Fayil:Flüelen,_Uri,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_prayer_by_F.R._Havergal,_chromolithograph,_c._1880.jpg|alt=Flüelen| Fluelen Fayil:Aiguille_du_Dru,_chromolithograph,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_Havergal_verse,_1870s.jpg| Aiguille du Dru Fayil:No.2,_Gentians_and_Dryads,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg|alt=No.2, Gentians and Dryads| ''No.2, Al'ummai da Dabbobi'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] 2xdzso02fbpex0rvhc3rucbfut30nhk 905501 905498 2026-08-21T08:34:14Z Nnamadee 31123 905501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Baroness Helga von Cramm''' (1840–1919) [[Painting|ƙwararriyar mai zane]] ce ta Jamus da Switzerland, mai zane-zane da zane-zane. == Rayuwa ta farko == Baroness Helga von Cramm ita ce babbar 'ya ga Wolf Frederick Adolf von Cramm-Burchard (1812–1879) da matarsa Hedwig (1819–1891), 'yar Philipp Lebrecht von Cramm-Oelber. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Brunswick Cuirassiers, ɗan doki ne kuma ɗan gidan sarauta na Chamberlain kuma Ubangijin Sarakuna na William VIII na Braunschweig ). Daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa da ke Rhode. A shekarar 1885 ta auri ɗan siyasa ɗan Brunswick mai suna Erich Griepenkerl (1813–1888), ɗan Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl (1782–1849) kuma ɗan'uwan [[Wolfgang Robert Griepenkerl]] (1810–1868). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Descendants of Ernst von Cramm |url=https://heinbruins.nl/SieCramm.html |website=heinbruins.nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1896, Helga Griepenkerl ta isa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] bayan ta yi tafiya daga Bremen zuwa New York ta Southampton a kan jirgin ruwa na Lahn . == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Lucerne,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg| Lucerne Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Lake_Maggiore,_Christmas_card.jpg|alt=Lake Maggiore, Christmas card| Tafkin Maggiore, katin Kirsimeti Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Chillon,_with_Havergal_poem,_C._Caswell_publisher,_1870s.jpg|alt=Chillon Castle| Gidan Chillon Fayil:Flüelen,_Uri,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_prayer_by_F.R._Havergal,_chromolithograph,_c._1880.jpg|alt=Flüelen| Fluelen Fayil:Aiguille_du_Dru,_chromolithograph,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_Havergal_verse,_1870s.jpg| Aiguille du Dru Fayil:No.2,_Gentians_and_Dryads,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg|alt=No.2, Gentians and Dryads| ''No.2, Al'ummai da Dabbobi'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] nlrbhx5jj6nc3vee9ql5k6sin7xe3ky 905502 905501 2026-08-21T08:36:08Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358677308|Helga von Cramm]]" 905502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Baroness Helga von Cramm''' (1840–1919) [[Painting|ƙwararriyar mai zane]] ce ta Jamus da Switzerland, mai zane-zane da zane-zane . == Rayuwar farko == Baroness Helga von Cramm ita ce babban ɗa ga Wolf Frederick Adolf von Cramm-Burchard (1812–1879) da matarsa Hedwig (1819–1891), 'yar Philipp Lebrecht von Cramm-Oelber. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Brunswick Cuirassiers, ɗan doki ne kuma ɗan gidan sarauta na Chamberlain kuma Ubangijin Sarakuna na William VIII na Braunschweig ). Daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa da ke Rhode. A shekarar 1885 ta auri ɗan siyasa ɗan Brunswick mai suna Erich Griepenkerl (1813–1888), ɗan Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl (1782–1849) kuma ɗan'uwan [[Wolfgang Robert Griepenkerl]] (1810–1868). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Descendants of Ernst von Cramm |url=https://heinbruins.nl/SieCramm.html |website=heinbruins.nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1896, Helga Griepenkerl ta isa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] bayan ta yi tafiya daga Bremen zuwa New York ta Southampton a kan jirgin ruwa na Lahn. == Sana'a == Wani sharhi da [[The Guardian|Manchester Guardian ta]] yi kan aikinta ya ce: "... mai da launukan ruwa na wurare daban-daban na ƙasashen waje, musamman Masar; Switzerland, Tsibirin Canary, Black Forest, da Genua. Yawancinsu suna da ban sha'awa, kuma matafiya za su iya yaba hotunan a matsayin abubuwan tunawa da kyawawan wurare. Maganin ba shi da yawa, amma yana da sauƙin ɗauka." A Burtaniya ta yi baje kolin a Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Mata, Kwalejin Royal Scottish, Cibiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Royal a Launuka na Ruwa, Gidan Tarihi na Dudley, Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Fine, Cibiyar Glasgow, Gidan Tarihi na Grosvenor, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Hibernian, da Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Burtaniya. Ta kuma yi baje kolin kayan tarihi a Graves Gallery a shekarar 1908. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Lucerne,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg| Lucerne Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Lake_Maggiore,_Christmas_card.jpg|alt=Lake Maggiore, Christmas card| Tafkin Maggiore, katin Kirsimeti Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Chillon,_with_Havergal_poem,_C._Caswell_publisher,_1870s.jpg|alt=Chillon Castle| Gidan Chillon Fayil:Flüelen,_Uri,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_prayer_by_F.R._Havergal,_chromolithograph,_c._1880.jpg|alt=Flüelen| Fluelen Fayil:Aiguille_du_Dru,_chromolithograph,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_Havergal_verse,_1870s.jpg| Aiguille du Dru Fayil:No.2,_Gentians_and_Dryads,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg|alt=No.2, Gentians and Dryads| ''No.2, Al'ummai da Dabbobi'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] 6wrh1mwgu6dd3ldvxe572z3k4ry1mkf 905503 905502 2026-08-21T08:36:32Z Nnamadee 31123 905503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Baroness Helga von Cramm''' (1840–1919) [[Painting|ƙwararriyar mai zane]] ce ta Jamus da Switzerland, mai zane-zane da zane-zane. == Rayuwar farko == Baroness Helga von Cramm ita ce babban ɗa ga Wolf Frederick Adolf von Cramm-Burchard (1812–1879) da matarsa Hedwig (1819–1891), 'yar Philipp Lebrecht von Cramm-Oelber. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Brunswick Cuirassiers, ɗan doki ne kuma ɗan gidan sarauta na Chamberlain kuma Ubangijin Sarakuna na William VIII na Braunschweig ). Daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa da ke Rhode. A shekarar 1885 ta auri ɗan siyasa ɗan Brunswick mai suna Erich Griepenkerl (1813–1888), ɗan Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl (1782–1849) kuma ɗan'uwan [[Wolfgang Robert Griepenkerl]] (1810–1868). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Descendants of Ernst von Cramm |url=https://heinbruins.nl/SieCramm.html |website=heinbruins.nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1896, Helga Griepenkerl ta isa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] bayan ta yi tafiya daga Bremen zuwa New York ta Southampton a kan jirgin ruwa na Lahn. == Sana'a == Wani sharhi da [[The Guardian|Manchester Guardian ta]] yi kan aikinta ya ce: "... mai da launukan ruwa na wurare daban-daban na ƙasashen waje, musamman Masar; Switzerland, Tsibirin Canary, Black Forest, da Genua. Yawancinsu suna da ban sha'awa, kuma matafiya za su iya yaba hotunan a matsayin abubuwan tunawa da kyawawan wurare. Maganin ba shi da yawa, amma yana da sauƙin ɗauka." A Burtaniya ta yi baje kolin a Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Mata, Kwalejin Royal Scottish, Cibiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Royal a Launuka na Ruwa, Gidan Tarihi na Dudley, Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Fine, Cibiyar Glasgow, Gidan Tarihi na Grosvenor, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Hibernian, da Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Burtaniya. Ta kuma yi baje kolin kayan tarihi a Graves Gallery a shekarar 1908. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Lucerne,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg| Lucerne Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Lake_Maggiore,_Christmas_card.jpg|alt=Lake Maggiore, Christmas card| Tafkin Maggiore, katin Kirsimeti Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Chillon,_with_Havergal_poem,_C._Caswell_publisher,_1870s.jpg|alt=Chillon Castle| Gidan Chillon Fayil:Flüelen,_Uri,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_prayer_by_F.R._Havergal,_chromolithograph,_c._1880.jpg|alt=Flüelen| Fluelen Fayil:Aiguille_du_Dru,_chromolithograph,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_Havergal_verse,_1870s.jpg| Aiguille du Dru Fayil:No.2,_Gentians_and_Dryads,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg|alt=No.2, Gentians and Dryads| ''No.2, Al'ummai da Dabbobi'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] gd3s59ke14rf4jhqyeobc0o66zj5d8q 905532 905503 2026-08-21T09:37:17Z Baffa ali 47435 905532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Baroness Helga von Cramm''' ( daga shekarar 1840 zuwa shekara ta 1919) [[Painting|ƙwararriyar mai zane]] ce ta Jamus da Switzerland, mai zane-zane da zane-zane. == Rayuwar farko == Baroness Helga von Cramm ita ce babban ɗa ga Wolf Frederick Adolf von Cramm-Burchard (daga shekarar 1812 zuwa shekara ta 1879) da matarsa Hedwig ( daga shekarar 1819 zuwa shekara ta 1891), 'yar Philipp Lebrecht von Cramm-Oelber. Mahaifinta ya yi aiki a Brunswick Cuirassiers, ɗan doki ne kuma ɗan gidan sarauta na Chamberlain kuma Ubangijin Sarakuna na William VIII na Braunschweig ). Daga baya ya yi ritaya zuwa gidansa da ke Rhode. A shekarar 1885 ta auri ɗan siyasa ɗan Brunswick mai suna Erich Griepenkerl ( daga shekarar 1813 zuwa shekara ta 1888), ɗan Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl (daga shekarar 1782 zuwa shekara ta 1849) kuma ɗan'uwan [[Wolfgang Robert Griepenkerl]] ( daga shekarar 1810 zuwa shekara ta 1868). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Descendants of Ernst von Cramm |url=https://heinbruins.nl/SieCramm.html |website=heinbruins.nl}}</ref> Duk da haka, ya mutu bayan shekaru uku. A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 1896, Helga Griepenkerl ta isa [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] bayan ta yi tafiya daga Bremen zuwa New York ta Southampton a kan jirgin ruwa na Lahn. == Sana'a == Wani sharhi da [[The Guardian|Manchester Guardian ta]] yi kan aikinta ya ce: "... mai da launukan ruwa na wurare daban-daban na ƙasashen waje, musamman Masar; Switzerland, Tsibirin Canary, Black Forest, da Genua. Yawancinsu suna da ban sha'awa, kuma matafiya za su iya yaba hotunan a matsayin abubuwan tunawa da kyawawan wurare. Maganin ba shi da yawa, amma yana da sauƙin ɗauka." A Burtaniya ta yi baje kolin a Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Mata, Kwalejin Royal Scottish, Cibiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Royal a Launuka na Ruwa, Gidan Tarihi na Dudley, Ƙungiyar Fasaha ta Fine, Cibiyar Glasgow, Gidan Tarihi na Grosvenor, Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Hibernian, da Ƙungiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Burtaniya. Ta kuma yi baje kolin kayan tarihi a Graves Gallery a shekarar 1908. == Hotuna == <gallery> Fayil:Lucerne,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg| Lucerne Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Lake_Maggiore,_Christmas_card.jpg|alt=Lake Maggiore, Christmas card| Tafkin Maggiore, katin Kirsimeti Fayil:Helga_von_Cramm,_chromolithograph,_Chillon,_with_Havergal_poem,_C._Caswell_publisher,_1870s.jpg|alt=Chillon Castle| Gidan Chillon Fayil:Flüelen,_Uri,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_prayer_by_F.R._Havergal,_chromolithograph,_c._1880.jpg|alt=Flüelen| Fluelen Fayil:Aiguille_du_Dru,_chromolithograph,_by_Helga_von_Cramm,_with_Havergal_verse,_1870s.jpg| Aiguille du Dru Fayil:No.2,_Gentians_and_Dryads,_chromolithograph,_by_Baroness_Helga_von_Cramm.jpg|alt=No.2, Gentians and Dryads| ''No.2, Al'ummai da Dabbobi'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1919]] p1rm5z5gq0yy1u7duueceyn0vvldajd 0 165038 905504 2026-08-21T08:38:03Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1293110116|Katja Oxman]]" 905504 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katja Oxman''' ( wadda aka haifa a shekara ta '''1942''' ) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai ilimi 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamus wadda aka haifa a Amurka. An san ta da aikinta na rayuwa mai rai da abubuwan da aka haɗa, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da zane mai launi tare da aquatint . <ref name="Wechsler-1982">{{Cite journal |last=Wechsler |first=Jill |date=July 1982 |title=Katja Oxman etches her environment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wk9AAAAMAAJ |journal=American Artist |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |volume=46 |issue=480}}</ref> Oxman ya koyar da zane-zane a Jami'ar Amurka ; kuma ya zauna a Silver Spring, Maryland da Amherst, Massachusetts, Amurka. <ref name="SAAM">{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/katja-oxman-30871 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Katharina Protassowsky a shekarar 1942, a Munich, Jamus. <ref name="SAAM" /> <ref name="FamilySearch-1952">{{Cite web |date=1952 |title=Katharina Protassowsky Migration • New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925–1957 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:241Q-Q78 |url-access=registration |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=[[FamilySearch.org]]}}</ref> Mahaifinta Mischa Protassowsky ɗan Rasha ne kuma ɗan ƙungiyar fararen fata, waɗanda suka gudu a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Rasha ; kuma mahaifiyarta Gretl Hell Bajamushiya ce, amma bayan aurensu mahaifiyarta ta rasa takardar shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993">{{Cite journal |last=Marquardt-Cherry |first=Janet T. |date=1993 |title=Katja Oxman: Working in the Tradition of the Woman Artist |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1358426 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–27 |doi=10.2307/1358426 |issn=0270-7993 |jstor=1358426 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1952. <ref name="FamilySearch-1952" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta fara yin zane-zane tun tana ƙarama. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> A shekarar 1966, ta auri mai zane Mark Oxman a Ingila, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Oxman ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania (PAFA) kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1965; ta ci gaba da karatunta na tsawon shekara guda a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts, Munich a Jamus; kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan, inda ta yi karatun buga takardu kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1967. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> == Sana'a == Oxman ta fara aikin koyarwa a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr a shekarar 1968, <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> da kuma Kwalejin Haverford . <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> A shekarar 1975, an ɗauke ta aiki a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta yi aiki daga 1976 zuwa 1985 a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington, DC Oxman ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ba su da rai a cikin gida tare da abubuwan da aka haɗa, ta ce wannan salon rubutun ya samo asali ne daga zama a New England, bayan ta haifi ɗanta na fari. <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Abubuwan da aka samu a cikin aikinta na iya haɗawa da furanni, siffofi na tsuntsaye, gashin tsuntsaye, gidajen tsuntsaye, taga, yadi mai tsari da kafet na Gabas ta Tsakiya, madubai, da kuma nunin katin gaisuwa ga zane-zane na ƙarni na 19 (kamar [[Paul Gauguin]], da kuma kwafi na katako na Japan). <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Domin ƙara launuka a cikin zane-zanenta, sau da yawa suna da layuka uku ko huɗu na faranti na yin bugu. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Tana fitar da bugu kaɗan ne kawai a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman Biography |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Katja_Oxman/113267/Katja_Oxman.aspx |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=AskArt.com}}</ref> Ana iya samun ayyukanta a cikin tarin gidajen tarihi, ciki har da a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian American Art ; <ref name="SAAM" /> Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Houston ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eventually To Embrace |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/131360/eventually-to-embrace |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The MFAH Collections |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis ; <ref>{{Cite web |title="Katja Oxman" |url=https://collections.artsmia.org/search/artist:%22Katja%20Oxman%22 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Minneapolis Institute of Art (MIA)}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Woodmere Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Acre for a Bird to Choose |url=https://woodmereartmuseum.org/explore-online/collection/an-acre-for-a-bird-to-choose |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Woodmere Art Museum |language=en-gb}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Portland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=19399;type=701 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=portlandartmuseum.us}}</ref> Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-28 |title=Katja Oxman, "The Other Side of the Air (diptych)" (1986) |url=https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/other-side-air-diptych |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na McNay Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman (b. 1942) |url=https://collection.mcnayart.org/persons/4966/katja-oxman-b1942 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=McNay Art Museum |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Open Window |url=https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/open-window-201642 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=RISD Museum}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Cleveland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Till Saffron in Vermilion Slid |url=https://www.clevelandart.org/art/2014.27 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Cleveland Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Flint ; da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Detroit . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evening Softly Lit |url=https://dia.org/collection/evening-softly-lit-103476 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Detroit Institute of Arts Museum (DIA) |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] i8qqo479bv0i7tfonbnwamttda2pxy1 905505 905504 2026-08-21T08:38:32Z Nnamadee 31123 905505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katja Oxman''' (wadda aka haifa a shekara ta '''1942''') ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai ilimi 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamus wadda aka haifa a Amurka. An san ta da aikinta na rayuwa mai rai da abubuwan da aka haɗa, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da zane mai launi tare da aquatint . <ref name="Wechsler-1982">{{Cite journal |last=Wechsler |first=Jill |date=July 1982 |title=Katja Oxman etches her environment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wk9AAAAMAAJ |journal=American Artist |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |volume=46 |issue=480}}</ref> Oxman ya koyar da zane-zane a Jami'ar Amurka ; kuma ya zauna a Silver Spring, Maryland da Amherst, Massachusetts, Amurka. <ref name="SAAM">{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/katja-oxman-30871 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Katharina Protassowsky a shekarar 1942, a Munich, Jamus. <ref name="SAAM" /> <ref name="FamilySearch-1952">{{Cite web |date=1952 |title=Katharina Protassowsky Migration • New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925–1957 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:241Q-Q78 |url-access=registration |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=[[FamilySearch.org]]}}</ref> Mahaifinta Mischa Protassowsky ɗan Rasha ne kuma ɗan ƙungiyar fararen fata, waɗanda suka gudu a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Rasha ; kuma mahaifiyarta Gretl Hell Bajamushiya ce, amma bayan aurensu mahaifiyarta ta rasa takardar shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993">{{Cite journal |last=Marquardt-Cherry |first=Janet T. |date=1993 |title=Katja Oxman: Working in the Tradition of the Woman Artist |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1358426 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–27 |doi=10.2307/1358426 |issn=0270-7993 |jstor=1358426 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1952. <ref name="FamilySearch-1952" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta fara yin zane-zane tun tana ƙarama. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> A shekarar 1966, ta auri mai zane Mark Oxman a Ingila, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Oxman ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania (PAFA) kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1965; ta ci gaba da karatunta na tsawon shekara guda a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts, Munich a Jamus; kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan, inda ta yi karatun buga takardu kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1967. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> == Sana'a == Oxman ta fara aikin koyarwa a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr a shekarar 1968, <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> da kuma Kwalejin Haverford . <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> A shekarar 1975, an ɗauke ta aiki a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta yi aiki daga 1976 zuwa 1985 a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington, DC Oxman ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ba su da rai a cikin gida tare da abubuwan da aka haɗa, ta ce wannan salon rubutun ya samo asali ne daga zama a New England, bayan ta haifi ɗanta na fari. <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Abubuwan da aka samu a cikin aikinta na iya haɗawa da furanni, siffofi na tsuntsaye, gashin tsuntsaye, gidajen tsuntsaye, taga, yadi mai tsari da kafet na Gabas ta Tsakiya, madubai, da kuma nunin katin gaisuwa ga zane-zane na ƙarni na 19 (kamar [[Paul Gauguin]], da kuma kwafi na katako na Japan). <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Domin ƙara launuka a cikin zane-zanenta, sau da yawa suna da layuka uku ko huɗu na faranti na yin bugu. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Tana fitar da bugu kaɗan ne kawai a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman Biography |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Katja_Oxman/113267/Katja_Oxman.aspx |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=AskArt.com}}</ref> Ana iya samun ayyukanta a cikin tarin gidajen tarihi, ciki har da a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian American Art ; <ref name="SAAM" /> Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Houston ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eventually To Embrace |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/131360/eventually-to-embrace |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The MFAH Collections |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis ; <ref>{{Cite web |title="Katja Oxman" |url=https://collections.artsmia.org/search/artist:%22Katja%20Oxman%22 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Minneapolis Institute of Art (MIA)}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Woodmere Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Acre for a Bird to Choose |url=https://woodmereartmuseum.org/explore-online/collection/an-acre-for-a-bird-to-choose |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Woodmere Art Museum |language=en-gb}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Portland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=19399;type=701 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=portlandartmuseum.us}}</ref> Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-28 |title=Katja Oxman, "The Other Side of the Air (diptych)" (1986) |url=https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/other-side-air-diptych |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na McNay Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman (b. 1942) |url=https://collection.mcnayart.org/persons/4966/katja-oxman-b1942 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=McNay Art Museum |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Open Window |url=https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/open-window-201642 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=RISD Museum}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Cleveland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Till Saffron in Vermilion Slid |url=https://www.clevelandart.org/art/2014.27 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Cleveland Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Flint ; da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Detroit . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evening Softly Lit |url=https://dia.org/collection/evening-softly-lit-103476 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Detroit Institute of Arts Museum (DIA) |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] r048f886fz4nqgq8zr4xfdao51ndn5c 905533 905505 2026-08-21T09:38:31Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Sana'a */ 905533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katja Oxman''' (wadda aka haifa a shekara ta '''1942''') ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai ilimi 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamus wadda aka haifa a Amurka. An san ta da aikinta na rayuwa mai rai da abubuwan da aka haɗa, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira da zane mai launi tare da aquatint . <ref name="Wechsler-1982">{{Cite journal |last=Wechsler |first=Jill |date=July 1982 |title=Katja Oxman etches her environment |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wk9AAAAMAAJ |journal=American Artist |publisher=Watson-Guptill Publications |volume=46 |issue=480}}</ref> Oxman ya koyar da zane-zane a Jami'ar Amurka ; kuma ya zauna a Silver Spring, Maryland da Amherst, Massachusetts, Amurka. <ref name="SAAM">{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/katja-oxman-30871 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum (SAAM) |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Katharina Protassowsky a shekarar 1942, a Munich, Jamus. <ref name="SAAM" /> <ref name="FamilySearch-1952">{{Cite web |date=1952 |title=Katharina Protassowsky Migration • New York, New York Passenger and Crew Lists, 1909, 1925–1957 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:241Q-Q78 |url-access=registration |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=[[FamilySearch.org]]}}</ref> Mahaifinta Mischa Protassowsky ɗan Rasha ne kuma ɗan ƙungiyar fararen fata, waɗanda suka gudu a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Rasha ; kuma mahaifiyarta Gretl Hell Bajamushiya ce, amma bayan aurensu mahaifiyarta ta rasa takardar shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993">{{Cite journal |last=Marquardt-Cherry |first=Janet T. |date=1993 |title=Katja Oxman: Working in the Tradition of the Woman Artist |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1358426 |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–27 |doi=10.2307/1358426 |issn=0270-7993 |jstor=1358426 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Amurka a shekarar 1952. <ref name="FamilySearch-1952" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta fara yin zane-zane tun tana ƙarama. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> A shekarar 1966, ta auri mai zane Mark Oxman a Ingila, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya'ya. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Oxman ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania (PAFA) kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1965; ta ci gaba da karatunta na tsawon shekara guda a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts, Munich a Jamus; kuma ta halarci Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal da ke Landan, inda ta yi karatun buga takardu kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1967. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> == Sana'a == Oxman ta fara aikin koyarwa a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr a shekarar 1968, <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> da kuma Kwalejin Haverford . <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> A shekarar 1975, an ɗauke ta aiki a Jami'ar Massachusetts Amherst. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Ta yi aiki daga shekarar 1976 zuwa shekarar 1985 a Jami'ar Amurka da ke Washington, DC Oxman ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ba su da rai a cikin gida tare da abubuwan da aka haɗa, ta ce wannan salon rubutun ya samo asali ne daga zama a New England, bayan ta haifi ɗanta na fari. <ref name="Wechsler-1982" /> <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Abubuwan da aka samu a cikin aikinta na iya haɗawa da furanni, siffofi na tsuntsaye, gashin tsuntsaye, gidajen tsuntsaye, taga, yadi mai tsari da kafet na Gabas ta Tsakiya, madubai, da kuma nunin katin gaisuwa ga zane-zane na ƙarni na 19 (kamar [[Paul Gauguin]], da kuma kwafi na katako na Japan). <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Domin ƙara launuka a cikin zane-zanenta, sau da yawa suna da layuka uku ko huɗu na faranti na yin bugu. <ref name="Marquardt-Cherry-1993" /> Tana fitar da bugu kaɗan ne kawai a kowace shekara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman Biography |url=https://www.askart.com/artist/Katja_Oxman/113267/Katja_Oxman.aspx |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=AskArt.com}}</ref> Ana iya samun ayyukanta a cikin tarin gidajen tarihi, ciki har da a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian American Art ; <ref name="SAAM" /> Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts, Houston ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eventually To Embrace |url=https://emuseum.mfah.org/objects/131360/eventually-to-embrace |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The MFAH Collections |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis ; <ref>{{Cite web |title="Katja Oxman" |url=https://collections.artsmia.org/search/artist:%22Katja%20Oxman%22 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Minneapolis Institute of Art (MIA)}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Woodmere Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Acre for a Bird to Choose |url=https://woodmereartmuseum.org/explore-online/collection/an-acre-for-a-bird-to-choose |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Woodmere Art Museum |language=en-gb}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Portland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman |url=http://portlandartmuseum.us/mwebcgi/mweb.exe?request=record;id=19399;type=701 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=portlandartmuseum.us}}</ref> Kwalejin Fasaha ta Pennsylvania ; <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-28 |title=Katja Oxman, "The Other Side of the Air (diptych)" (1986) |url=https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/other-side-air-diptych |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (PAFA) |language=en-US}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na McNay Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Oxman (b. 1942) |url=https://collection.mcnayart.org/persons/4966/katja-oxman-b1942 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=McNay Art Museum |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Makarantar Zane ta Rhode Island ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=An Open Window |url=https://risdmuseum.org/art-design/collection/open-window-201642 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=RISD Museum}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Cleveland Art ; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Till Saffron in Vermilion Slid |url=https://www.clevelandart.org/art/2014.27 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Cleveland Museum of Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Flint ; da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Detroit . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Evening Softly Lit |url=https://dia.org/collection/evening-softly-lit-103476 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Detroit Institute of Arts Museum (DIA) |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]] jmveznqxkw4rlyls9kzg8mr2m4vfx5m 0 165039 905507 2026-08-21T08:40:05Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1324113294|Lina von Perbandt]]" 905507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lina von Perbandt''' (25 ga Mayu 1836 - 1884) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus. == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == crwcdg3jv7dkly3neo1euf61d47tq7e 905508 905507 2026-08-21T08:40:30Z Nnamadee 31123 905508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lina von Perbandt''' (25 ga Mayu 1836 - 1884) yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus. == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == rw07lbdo85ggcqq8g3u3xblyaw1nryn 905509 905508 2026-08-21T08:41:29Z Nnamadee 31123 905509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lina von Perbandt''' (25 ga Mayu 1836 - 1884)<ref>Bénézit, Emmanuel (ed.) (2006). "Perbrandt, Lina von" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002222810/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00138519|date=2017-10-02}}. ''Benezit Dictionary of Artists''. Oxford University Press. Online version retrieved via Oxford Art Online 2 October 2017 (subscription required for full access).</ref> yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus. == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == rbg1849b2zqkfhk5yo23jsn0bz9ihws 905510 905509 2026-08-21T08:42:18Z Nnamadee 31123 905510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lina von Perbandt''' (25 ga Mayu 1836 - 1884)<ref>Bénézit, Emmanuel (ed.) (2006). "Perbrandt, Lina von" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002222810/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00138519|date=2017-10-02}}. ''Benezit Dictionary of Artists''. Oxford University Press. Online version retrieved via Oxford Art Online 2 October 2017 (subscription required for full access).</ref> yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.<ref>Museums Victoria (2012). "Painting - German Landscape, Lina von Perbandt". Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus. == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == gxcq6c26pkvijxxkhitw0phv313nxjq 905511 905510 2026-08-21T08:42:36Z Nnamadee 31123 905511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lina von Perbandt''' (25 ga Mayu 1836 - 1884)<ref>Bénézit, Emmanuel (ed.) (2006). "Perbrandt, Lina von" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002222810/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00138519|date=2017-10-02}}. ''Benezit Dictionary of Artists''. Oxford University Press. Online version retrieved via Oxford Art Online 2 October 2017 (subscription required for full access).</ref> yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.<ref name=":0">Museums Victoria (2012). "Painting - German Landscape, Lina von Perbandt". Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus.<ref name=":0" /> == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == 4q25iefswxwtzj1trby4dawpgeghz2h 905534 905511 2026-08-21T09:40:29Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Hotuna */ 905534 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lina von Perbandt''' ( a ranar 25 ga watan Mayu a shekarar 1836 zuwa shekara ta 1884)<ref>Bénézit, Emmanuel (ed.) (2006). "Perbrandt, Lina von" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002222810/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00138519|date=2017-10-02}}. ''Benezit Dictionary of Artists''. Oxford University Press. Online version retrieved via Oxford Art Online 2 October 2017 (subscription required for full access).</ref> yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri kuma memba ce a makarantar zane-zane ta Düsseldorf == Rayuwa da aiki == An haife shi a cikin dangin sarki a Langendorf, Gabashin Prussia, Perbandt ya yi karatun fasaha a karkashin August Behrendsen a Kunstakademie Königsberg da Eugen Dücker a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Iyayenta sune Ida Sophie Ernestine von der Groeben da mijinta Otto Friedrich Julius von Perbandt. 'Yan uwanta sune Ottilie Sophie Friederike Rosette da Ida Karoline Cäcilie Marie. 'Yan uwanta su ne Georg Friedrich Otto Karl, Fedor Karl Otto Gustav, marubuci, Rudolf Otto Theodor Traugott, da Karl Adolf Rudolf Julius, kuma mai zanen wuri kuma dalibi a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf.<ref name=":0">Museums Victoria (2012). "Painting - German Landscape, Lina von Perbandt". Retrieved 2 October 2017.</ref> Perbandt ta rayu mafi yawan rayuwarta a Düsseldorf amma ta yi tafiye-tafiye da yin zane-zane a Jamus da Switzerland. Yanayin ƙasarta ya fi zama na wurare masu ƙasƙanci, kodayake ta kuma zana wasu wurare a tsaunukan Bernese da tsaunukan Harz . Ta yi baje kolin a bikin baje kolin ƙasa da ƙasa na Melbourne na shekarar 1880, inda John Twycross ya sayi ''shimfidar ƙasar Jamus'', da kuma a bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na shekarar 1883 da aka yi a Amsterdam inda aka nuna ''shimfidar ƙasarta mai siffofi'' a cikin rumfar Jamus.<ref name=":0" /> == Hotuna == <gallery class="center" mode="packed" widths="180px" heights="180px"> Fayil:Beach_Scene_with_Rowing_Boat_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=Beach Scene 1875| ''Wurin Teku na shekarar'' 1875 Fayil:German_Landscape_by_Lina_von_Perbandt.jpg|alt=German Landscape 1880| ''Yanayin ƙasar Jamus a'' shekarar 1880 </gallery> == Manazarta == r81jo3n9z7a9srobm1vmzow12asegfb 0 165040 905512 2026-08-21T08:44:59Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347030586|Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard]]" 905512 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wasserträgerin_am_Gardasee,_um_1921.jpg|thumb| ''Mai jigilar ruwa ta tafkin Garda'']] '''Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard''' (31 Yuli 1855 &#x2013; 19 Oktoba 1945) mai zane ce 'yar Jamus-Australiya. == Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[München|Munich]] . Iyayenta su ne Wilhelm Arnhard, editan mujallu a Munich, da kuma Anna Lenck daga Augsburg. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Munich. Bayan haka, ta halarci azuzuwan tare da Julius Lange, da Franz Streitt . Daga 1880 zuwa 1885, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Munich. A shekarar 1885, ta auri mai ginin, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Wunibald Deininger|de}} kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Innsbruck. Suna zaune a Innsbruck-Wilten, Franz Fischerstrasse 9. Mai zane ta kuma sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Innsbruck. Sau da yawa tana taimaka wa mijinta a nazarin yanayin ƙasa da fasaha da tarihi a duk faɗin Tyrol. == Liyafar maraba == Deininger-Arnhard ya zana galibin shimfidar wurare daga yankunan Tyrolean da Bavaria, amma kuma ya nuna yanayin karkara, a cikin mai da launin ruwan kasa. An fi saninta da zane-zanen Ötztal. A cewar labarinta, ta zana zane-zanen mai sama da 1,000 masu girman gaske. Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin tarin abubuwa a birane daban-daban a Jamus, Tyrol, Vienna, Paris, Holland, Switzerland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Arewacin Amurka. Nunin solo na farko na Deininger-Arnhard a matsayin mai zane ya kasance a Tiroler Landesmuseum (Ferdinandeum). Sauran baje kolin sun biyo baya a gida da waje. An buga jerin zane-zanen shimfidar wurare na Tyrolean a matsayin katunan gaisuwa masu launi daga kamfanin lithographic K. Redlich. Daga shekarar 1906, Deininger-Arnhard ya jagoranci makarantar zane-zane ta mata a Innsbruck, wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarar 1907. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2016 |title=Malschulen von und für Frauen in Österreich |url=http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228094929/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=Aug 27, 2019}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekarar 1945 a Rum, Tyrol . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] ddmwhiss3i8u3no3jbmfw54mjhdufin 905513 905512 2026-08-21T08:45:28Z Nnamadee 31123 905513 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Wasserträgerin_am_Gardasee,_um_1921.jpg|thumb| ''Mai jigilar ruwa ta tafkin Garda'']] '''Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard''' (31 Yuli 1855 &#x2013; 19 Oktoba 1945) mai zane ce 'yar Jamus-Australiya. == Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[München|Munich]] . Iyayenta su ne Wilhelm Arnhard, editan mujallu a Munich, da kuma Anna Lenck daga Augsburg. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Munich. Bayan haka, ta halarci azuzuwan tare da Julius Lange, da Franz Streitt . Daga 1880 zuwa 1885, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Munich. A shekarar 1885, ta auri mai ginin, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Wunibald Deininger|de}} kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Innsbruck. Suna zaune a Innsbruck-Wilten, Franz Fischerstrasse 9. Mai zane ta kuma sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Innsbruck. Sau da yawa tana taimaka wa mijinta a nazarin yanayin ƙasa da fasaha da tarihi a duk faɗin Tyrol. == Liyafar maraba == Deininger-Arnhard ya zana galibin shimfidar wurare daga yankunan Tyrolean da Bavaria, amma kuma ya nuna yanayin karkara, a cikin mai da launin ruwan kasa. An fi saninta da zane-zanen Ötztal. A cewar labarinta, ta zana zane-zanen mai sama da 1,000 masu girman gaske. Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin tarin abubuwa a birane daban-daban a Jamus, Tyrol, Vienna, Paris, Holland, Switzerland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Arewacin Amurka. Nunin solo na farko na Deininger-Arnhard a matsayin mai zane ya kasance a Tiroler Landesmuseum (Ferdinandeum). Sauran baje kolin sun biyo baya a gida da waje. An buga jerin zane-zanen shimfidar wurare na Tyrolean a matsayin katunan gaisuwa masu launi daga kamfanin lithographic K. Redlich. Daga shekarar 1906, Deininger-Arnhard ya jagoranci makarantar zane-zane ta mata a Innsbruck, wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarar 1907. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2016 |title=Malschulen von und für Frauen in Österreich |url=http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228094929/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=Aug 27, 2019}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekarar 1945 a Rum, Tyrol . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] gnjktardzi5lodfiwwlnug5syirk0k7 905514 905513 2026-08-21T08:46:25Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347030586|Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard]]" 905514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Wasserträgerin_am_Gardasee,_um_1921.jpg|thumb| ''Mai jigilar ruwa ta tafkin Garda'']] '''Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard''' (31 Yuli 1855 &#x2013; 19 Oktoba 1945) mai zane ce 'yar Jamus-Australiya. == Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[München|Munich]] . Iyayenta su ne Wilhelm Arnhard, editan mujallu a Munich, da kuma Anna Lenck daga Augsburg. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Munich. Bayan haka, ta halarci azuzuwan tare da Julius Lange, da Franz Streitt . Daga 1880 zuwa 1885, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Munich. A shekarar 1885, ta auri mai ginin, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Wunibald Deininger|de}} kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Innsbruck. Suna zaune a Innsbruck-Wilten, Franz Fischerstrasse 9. Mai zane ta kuma sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Innsbruck. Sau da yawa tana taimaka wa mijinta a nazarin yanayin ƙasa da fasaha da tarihi a duk faɗin Tyrol. == Liyafar maraba == Deininger-Arnhard ya zana galibin shimfidar wurare daga yankunan Tyrolean da Bavaria, amma kuma ya nuna yanayin karkara, a cikin mai da launin ruwan kasa. An fi saninta da zane-zanen Ötztal. A cewar labarinta, ta zana zane-zanen mai sama da 1,000 masu girman gaske. Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin tarin abubuwa a birane daban-daban a Jamus, Tyrol, Vienna, Paris, Holland, Switzerland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Arewacin Amurka. Nunin solo na farko na Deininger-Arnhard a matsayin mai zane ya kasance a Tiroler Landesmuseum (Ferdinandeum). Sauran baje kolin sun biyo baya a gida da waje. An buga jerin zane-zanen shimfidar wurare na Tyrolean a matsayin katunan gaisuwa masu launi daga kamfanin lithographic K. Redlich. Daga shekarar 1906, Deininger-Arnhard ya jagoranci makarantar zane-zane ta mata a Innsbruck, wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarar 1907. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2016 |title=Malschulen von und für Frauen in Österreich |url=http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228094929/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=Aug 27, 2019}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekarar 1945 a Rum, Tyrol . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] ddmwhiss3i8u3no3jbmfw54mjhdufin 905515 905514 2026-08-21T08:46:53Z Nnamadee 31123 905515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Wasserträgerin_am_Gardasee,_um_1921.jpg|thumb| ''Mai jigilar ruwa ta tafkin Garda'']] '''Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard''' (31 Yuli 1855 &#x2013; 19 Oktoba 1945) mai zane ce 'yar Jamus-Australiya. == Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[München|Munich]] . Iyayenta su ne Wilhelm Arnhard, editan mujallu a Munich, da kuma Anna Lenck daga Augsburg. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Munich. Bayan haka, ta halarci azuzuwan tare da Julius Lange, da Franz Streitt . Daga 1880 zuwa 1885, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Munich. A shekarar 1885, ta auri mai ginin, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Wunibald Deininger|de}} kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Innsbruck. Suna zaune a Innsbruck-Wilten, Franz Fischerstrasse 9. Mai zane ta kuma sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Innsbruck. Sau da yawa tana taimaka wa mijinta a nazarin yanayin ƙasa da fasaha da tarihi a duk faɗin Tyrol. == Liyafar maraba == Deininger-Arnhard ya zana galibin shimfidar wurare daga yankunan Tyrolean da Bavaria, amma kuma ya nuna yanayin karkara, a cikin mai da launin ruwan kasa. An fi saninta da zane-zanen Ötztal. A cewar labarinta, ta zana zane-zanen mai sama da 1,000 masu girman gaske. Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin tarin abubuwa a birane daban-daban a Jamus, Tyrol, Vienna, Paris, Holland, Switzerland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Arewacin Amurka. Nunin solo na farko na Deininger-Arnhard a matsayin mai zane ya kasance a Tiroler Landesmuseum (Ferdinandeum). Sauran baje kolin sun biyo baya a gida da waje. An buga jerin zane-zanen shimfidar wurare na Tyrolean a matsayin katunan gaisuwa masu launi daga kamfanin lithographic K. Redlich. Daga shekarar 1906, Deininger-Arnhard ya jagoranci makarantar zane-zane ta mata a Innsbruck, wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarar 1907. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2016 |title=Malschulen von und für Frauen in Österreich |url=http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228094929/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=Aug 27, 2019}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekarar 1945 a Rum, Tyrol . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] ekchopul923os0ce7ot3ysoaontjgt7 905535 905515 2026-08-21T09:42:17Z Baffa ali 47435 905535 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Wasserträgerin_am_Gardasee,_um_1921.jpg|thumb| ''Mai jigilar ruwa ta tafkin Garda'']] '''Gabriele Maria Deininger-Arnhard''' ( a ranar 31 ga watan Yuli a shekarar 1855 &#x2013; zuwa ga watan Oktoba a shekarar 1945) mai zane ce 'yar Jamus-Australiya. == Rayuwa == An haife ta a [[München|Munich]] . Iyayenta su ne Wilhelm Arnhard, editan mujallu a Munich, da kuma Anna Lenck daga Augsburg. Ta yi karatu a Makarantar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Munich. Bayan haka, ta halarci azuzuwan tare da Julius Lange, da Franz Streitt . Daga shekarar 1880 zuwa shekarar 1885, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Munich. A shekarar 1885, ta auri mai ginin, {{Interlanguage link|Johann Wunibald Deininger|de}} kuma ya ƙaura zuwa Innsbruck. Suna zaune a Innsbruck-Wilten, Franz Fischerstrasse 9. Mai zane ta kuma sadaukar da kanta ga zane-zanen shimfidar wuri a Innsbruck. Sau da yawa tana taimaka wa mijinta a nazarin yanayin ƙasa da fasaha da tarihi a duk faɗin Tyrol. == Liyafar maraba == Deininger-Arnhard ya zana galibin shimfidar wurare daga yankunan Tyrolean da Bavaria, amma kuma ya nuna yanayin karkara, a cikin mai da launin ruwan kasa. An fi saninta da zane-zanen Ötztal. A cewar labarinta, ta zana zane-zanen mai sama da 1,000 masu girman gaske. Ana iya samun waɗannan a cikin tarin abubuwa a birane daban-daban a Jamus, Tyrol, Vienna, Paris, Holland, Switzerland, Jamhuriyar Czech, Hungary da Arewacin Amurka. Nunin solo na farko na Deininger-Arnhard a matsayin mai zane ya kasance a Tiroler Landesmuseum (Ferdinandeum). Sauran baje kolin sun biyo baya a gida da waje. An buga jerin zane-zanen shimfidar wurare na Tyrolean a matsayin katunan gaisuwa masu launi daga kamfanin lithographic K. Redlich. Daga shekarar 1906, Deininger-Arnhard ya jagoranci makarantar zane-zane ta mata a Innsbruck, wadda ta fara samun nasara a shekarar 1907. <ref>{{Cite web |date=Dec 28, 2016 |title=Malschulen von und für Frauen in Österreich |url=http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228094929/http://www.onb.ac.at/ariadne/vfb/bt_fk_malschulen.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=Aug 27, 2019}}</ref> Ta mutu a shekarar 1945 a Rum, Tyrol . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1855]] k9fmojtl0ztycc1guaenf1xdhfpl92j 0 165041 905516 2026-08-21T08:49:04Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344080696|Pietronella Peters]]" 905516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pietronella Peters''' (1848–1924) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da kuma nau'ikan hotunan yara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ga Pieter Francis Peters, wani mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Holland, da matarsa, Heinrike Gertrude, wadda aka haifa a Mali. Kakanta mai fenti ne a gilashi a Nijmegen, kuma kawunta, Christian Mali, sanannen mai zane ne a Makarantar Munich, wanda ke zaune tare da iyalinta. 'Yar uwarta, Anna Peters, ta zama mai zane -zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ƙwararriya a fannin furanni. Ta fara koyon darasi daga mahaifinta da kawunta, Christian da {{Interlanguage link|Johannes Cornelis Jacobus Mali|de}}. Baya ga hotunan yaranta, ta zana hotunan danginta da dama. Peters ya ba da gudummawar misalai ga [[Isabella Braun|Isabella Braun's]] ''Der Mädchen liebstes Buch'' (1880) da kuma buga jerin hotuna: ''Albums na 'yan mata'' . Daga 1894 zuwa 1904, sannan kuma daga 1907 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta yi lokacin bazara a {{Interlanguage link|Schloss Köngen|de}}, wani gidan sarauta na ƙarni na 13 a Esslingen, inda ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ke nuna yaran mazauna gidan sarautar. Daga 1912 zuwa 1924, ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta Anna da Ida. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Braith-Mali da ke Biberach an der Riß da kuma a Schloss Köngen. == Zane-zane da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="220"> Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Das_neue_Puppenkleid.jpg|alt=The Puppet's New Dress| ''Sabuwar Rigar 'Yar Tsana'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Lesestunde.jpg|alt=Tea Talk| ''Tattaunawar Shayi'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Mädchen_beim_Kinderkaffee.jpg|alt=Children's Tea| ''Shayin Yara'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Der_Liebling.jpg|alt=Darling| ''Masoyiya'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 8dqfolj413j6k8x6e6h26nnxir4cxvi 905517 905516 2026-08-21T08:49:27Z Nnamadee 31123 905517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pietronella Peters''' (1848–1924) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da kuma nau'ikan hotunan yara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ga Pieter Francis Peters, wani mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Holland, da matarsa, Heinrike Gertrude, wadda aka haifa a Mali. Kakanta mai fenti ne a gilashi a Nijmegen, kuma kawunta, Christian Mali, sanannen mai zane ne a Makarantar Munich, wanda ke zaune tare da iyalinta. 'Yar uwarta, Anna Peters, ta zama mai zane -zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ƙwararriya a fannin furanni. Ta fara koyon darasi daga mahaifinta da kawunta, Christian da {{Interlanguage link|Johannes Cornelis Jacobus Mali|de}}. Baya ga hotunan yaranta, ta zana hotunan danginta da dama. Peters ya ba da gudummawar misalai ga [[Isabella Braun|Isabella Braun's]] ''Der Mädchen liebstes Buch'' (1880) da kuma buga jerin hotuna: ''Albums na 'yan mata'' . Daga 1894 zuwa 1904, sannan kuma daga 1907 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta yi lokacin bazara a {{Interlanguage link|Schloss Köngen|de}}, wani gidan sarauta na ƙarni na 13 a Esslingen, inda ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ke nuna yaran mazauna gidan sarautar. Daga 1912 zuwa 1924, ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta Anna da Ida. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Braith-Mali da ke Biberach an der Riß da kuma a Schloss Köngen. == Zane-zane da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="220"> Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Das_neue_Puppenkleid.jpg|alt=The Puppet's New Dress| ''Sabuwar Rigar 'Yar Tsana'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Lesestunde.jpg|alt=Tea Talk| ''Tattaunawar Shayi'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Mädchen_beim_Kinderkaffee.jpg|alt=Children's Tea| ''Shayin Yara'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Der_Liebling.jpg|alt=Darling| ''Masoyiya'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 8wnq1vmcqh4tnpn6zxlzzf3zx7k1o65 905518 905517 2026-08-21T08:50:40Z Nnamadee 31123 905518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pietronella Peters''' (1848–1924) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da kuma nau'ikan hotunan yara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ga Pieter Francis Peters, wani mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Holland, da matarsa, Heinrike Gertrude, wadda aka haifa a Mali. Kakanta mai fenti ne a gilashi a Nijmegen, kuma kawunta, Christian Mali, sanannen mai zane ne a Makarantar Munich, wanda ke zaune tare da iyalinta. 'Yar uwarta, Anna Peters, ta zama mai zane -zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ƙwararriya a fannin furanni. Ta fara koyon darasi daga mahaifinta da kawunta, Christian da {{Interlanguage link|Johannes Cornelis Jacobus Mali|de}}. Baya ga hotunan yaranta, ta zana hotunan danginta da dama. Peters ya ba da gudummawar misalai ga [[Isabella Braun|Isabella Braun's]] ''Der Mädchen liebstes Buch'' (1880)<ref>Braun, Isabella; Peters, Pietronella (1880). ''Der Madchen liebstes Buch'' (in German). Munchen: Theodor Stroefer. OCLC&#x20;602495950.</ref> da kuma buga jerin hotuna: ''Albums na 'yan mata'' . Daga 1894 zuwa 1904, sannan kuma daga 1907 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta yi lokacin bazara a {{Interlanguage link|Schloss Köngen|de}}, wani gidan sarauta na ƙarni na 13 a Esslingen, inda ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ke nuna yaran mazauna gidan sarautar. Daga 1912 zuwa 1924, ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta Anna da Ida. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Braith-Mali da ke Biberach an der Riß da kuma a Schloss Köngen. == Zane-zane da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="220"> Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Das_neue_Puppenkleid.jpg|alt=The Puppet's New Dress| ''Sabuwar Rigar 'Yar Tsana'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Lesestunde.jpg|alt=Tea Talk| ''Tattaunawar Shayi'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Mädchen_beim_Kinderkaffee.jpg|alt=Children's Tea| ''Shayin Yara'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Der_Liebling.jpg|alt=Darling| ''Masoyiya'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] 109kc2dg4xgga1dm0ene5agrg3y02f8 905519 905518 2026-08-21T08:51:35Z Nnamadee 31123 905519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pietronella Peters''' (1848–1924) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da kuma nau'ikan hotunan yara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ga Pieter Francis Peters, wani mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Holland, da matarsa, Heinrike Gertrude, wadda aka haifa a Mali. Kakanta mai fenti ne a gilashi a Nijmegen, kuma kawunta, Christian Mali, sanannen mai zane ne a Makarantar Munich, wanda ke zaune tare da iyalinta. 'Yar uwarta, Anna Peters, ta zama mai zane -zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ƙwararriya a fannin furanni. Ta fara koyon darasi daga mahaifinta da kawunta, Christian da {{Interlanguage link|Johannes Cornelis Jacobus Mali|de}}. Baya ga hotunan yaranta, ta zana hotunan danginta da dama. Peters ya ba da gudummawar misalai ga [[Isabella Braun|Isabella Braun's]] ''Der Mädchen liebstes Buch'' (1880)<ref>Braun, Isabella; Peters, Pietronella (1880). ''Der Madchen liebstes Buch'' (in German). Munchen: Theodor Stroefer. OCLC&#x20;602495950.</ref> da kuma buga jerin hotuna: ''Albums na 'yan mata.''<ref>Peters, Pietronella. ''Girls album''. New York: Stroeffer & Kirchner. OCLC&#x20;316828316.</ref> Daga 1894 zuwa 1904, sannan kuma daga 1907 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta yi lokacin bazara a {{Interlanguage link|Schloss Köngen|de}}, wani gidan sarauta na ƙarni na 13 a Esslingen, inda ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ke nuna yaran mazauna gidan sarautar. Daga 1912 zuwa 1924, ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta Anna da Ida. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Braith-Mali da ke Biberach an der Riß da kuma a Schloss Köngen. == Zane-zane da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="220"> Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Das_neue_Puppenkleid.jpg|alt=The Puppet's New Dress| ''Sabuwar Rigar 'Yar Tsana'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Lesestunde.jpg|alt=Tea Talk| ''Tattaunawar Shayi'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Mädchen_beim_Kinderkaffee.jpg|alt=Children's Tea| ''Shayin Yara'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Der_Liebling.jpg|alt=Darling| ''Masoyiya'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] pq8477m5vujfzffag8ck5a4ka0kqy4r 905536 905519 2026-08-21T09:44:13Z Baffa ali 47435 905536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pietronella Peters''' ( daga shekarar 1848 zuwa shekara ta 1924) wata mai zane ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus wadda ta ƙware a fannin zane-zane da kuma nau'ikan hotunan yara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haife ta ga Pieter Francis Peters, wani mai zane-zanen shimfidar wuri na ƙasar Holland, da matarsa, Heinrike Gertrude, wadda aka haifa a Mali. Kakanta mai fenti ne a gilashi a Nijmegen, kuma kawunta, Christian Mali, sanannen mai zane ne a Makarantar Munich, wanda ke zaune tare da iyalinta. 'Yar uwarta, Anna Peters, ta zama mai zane -zanen da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba, ƙwararriya a fannin furanni. Ta fara koyon darasi daga mahaifinta da kawunta, Christian da {{Interlanguage link|Johannes Cornelis Jacobus Mali|de}}. Baya ga hotunan yaranta, ta zana hotunan danginta da dama. Peters ya ba da gudummawar misalai ga [[Isabella Braun|Isabella Braun's]] ''Der Mädchen liebstes Buch'' (1880)<ref>Braun, Isabella; Peters, Pietronella (1880). ''Der Madchen liebstes Buch'' (in German). Munchen: Theodor Stroefer. OCLC&#x20;602495950.</ref> da kuma buga jerin hotuna: ''Albums na 'yan mata.''<ref>Peters, Pietronella. ''Girls album''. New York: Stroeffer & Kirchner. OCLC&#x20;316828316.</ref> Daga shekarar 1894 zuwa shekarar 1904, sannan kuma daga shekarar 1907 har zuwa mutuwarta, ta yi lokacin bazara a {{Interlanguage link|Schloss Köngen|de}}, wani gidan sarauta na ƙarni na 13 a Esslingen, inda ta ƙirƙiri abubuwan da ke nuna yaran mazauna gidan sarautar. Daga shekarar 1912 zuwa shekara ta 1924, ta zauna tare da 'yan uwanta Anna da Ida. Ana iya samun tarin ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Braith-Mali da ke Biberach an der Riß da kuma a Schloss Köngen. == Zane-zane da aka zaɓa == <gallery mode="packed" heights="220"> Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Das_neue_Puppenkleid.jpg|alt=The Puppet's New Dress| ''Sabuwar Rigar 'Yar Tsana'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Lesestunde.jpg|alt=Tea Talk| ''Tattaunawar Shayi'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Mädchen_beim_Kinderkaffee.jpg|alt=Children's Tea| ''Shayin Yara'' Fayil:Pietronella_Peters_Der_Liebling.jpg|alt=Darling| ''Masoyiya'' </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1924]] febuwdnq5j0cacymejhx66pzygu4fgq 0 165042 905573 2026-08-21T11:17:26Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366639239|Sylvia von Harden]]" 905573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sylvia von Harden''' (Maris 28, 1894 - Yuni 4, 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) a8kfdl3j4m3k76lv3um80w5iqzo3blh 905574 905573 2026-08-21T11:17:50Z Usman saadu 46863 905574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' (Maris 28, 1894 - Yuni 4, 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) buwcv7m6p1dr6rhto7705zxfvjkbrob 905576 905574 2026-08-21T11:18:50Z Usman saadu 46863 905576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' ( 28 ga watyMaris a shekara ta 1894 - Yuni 4, 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) rgaljemdc08mnawcu1p9tdo9yxhrwht 905577 905576 2026-08-21T11:20:40Z Usman saadu 46863 905577 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' ( 28 ga watyMaris a shekara ta 1894 - zuwa 4 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) p1qjn5coegh9q1lrepzf7dvuo82o60b 905578 905577 2026-08-21T11:21:04Z Usman saadu 46863 905578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' ( 28 ga watyMaris a shekara ta 1894 - zuwa 4 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga shekarar 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) medrmp9an4iq63eaz7dh236658q2ej3 905579 905578 2026-08-21T11:21:28Z Usman saadu 46863 905579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' ( 28 ga watyMaris a shekara ta 1894 - zuwa 4 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga shekarar 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga Shekara ta 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) gntkvkn8q2icohw036vb0q4ffq82wqu 905580 905579 2026-08-21T11:21:46Z Usman saadu 46863 905580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia von Harden''' ( 28 ga watyMaris a shekara ta 1894 - zuwa 4 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1963), wanda kuma ake kira '''Sylvia von Halle''', 'yar jaridar Jamus ce kuma [[Waƙa|mawaki]]. {{Spaced en dash}}A lokacin aikinta a matsayin 'yar jarida, ta rubuta wa jaridu da yawa a Jamus da [[Ingila]]. Wataƙila an fi saninta da batun zanen Otto Dix. == Rayuwa == An haife ta '''Sylvia von Halle''' a [[Hamburg]], von Harden (ta zaɓi sunan a matsayin sunan aristocratic) ta rubuta wani shafi na wallafe-wallafen don Das junge Deutschland ("Matashi Jamus") daga shekarar 1918 zuwa 1920, kuma ta rubuta don Die Rote Erde ("Red Earth") daga 1919 zuwa 1923. Daga Shekara ta 1919 zuwa 1923, ta zauna tare da marubucin Ferdinand Hardekopf, tare da wanda ta haifi ɗa.<ref name="JB262" /> A cikin shekarun 1920 ta zauna a Berlin, kuma ta buga kundin waka guda biyu a cikin 1920 da 1927. <ref name="JB262" /> An san ta da kyau a cikin zanen Otto Dix mai taken "Bildnis der Journalistin Sylvia von Harden" (Hotunan Jarida Sylvia von Sarden, 1926). Hoton Sabon Mace, yana nuna von Harden tare da Gashi mai laushi da Monocle, zaune a teburin cafe tare da sigari a hannunta da kuma abin sha a gabanta. An sake yin wannan zanen a cikin wuraren buɗewa da rufewa na fim din 1972 ''Cabaret'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Sally Whitman |last2=PhD |title=Otto Dix and Bob Fosse: Together at Last {{!}} The Art Minute |url=http://www.the-art-minute.com/otto-dix-and-bob-fosse-together-at-last/ |access-date=2018-12-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekara ta 1959, von Harden ta rubuta wata kasida, "Erinnerungen an Otto Dix" ("Memories of Otto Dix"), inda ta bayyana asalin hoton. Dix ya sadu da ita a kan titi, kuma ya bayyana cewa: Hoton, wani muhimmin misali na New Objectivity motsi, yanzu yana cikin Musée National d'Art Moderne, Cibiyar Georges Pompidou, [[Faris|Paris]]. A 1933, von Harden ta bar Jamus don gudun hijira a Ingila, inda ta ci gaba da rubutu amma ba tare da samun nasara ba. A cikin wata kasida da ta rubuta wa jaridar 'yan gudun hijira Die Zeitung a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1943, ta bayyana "aikinta na canji a masana'anta kuma, a cikin sautunan da suka zama ruwan dare a cikin wallafe-wallafen yaki na irin wannan, ta yi iƙirarin cewa an sanya ta ta don jin wani ɓangare na iyali a can". Ta mutu a Croxley Green, Ingila, a shekara ta 1963. == Manazarta == * (tare da Leo Scherpenbach): Die Bücherkiste: Monatsschrift für Literatur, Graphik und Buchbesprechung . Munich: Bachmair 1919-1921 (An sake bugawa: Nendeln/Liechtenstein: Kraus 1977) * ''Verworrene Städte'' (1920) * ''Robespierre: Eine Novelle.'' (kimanin shekara ta 1924) * Gedichte (1927) * ''Das Leuchtturmmädchen von Longstone.'' 1958 (Jugendbuchreihe ''Silberstern'' Nr. 74) 5jkcgexwgag9vqyz5l86kjvtgtnu6tv 0 165043 905582 2026-08-21T11:28:01Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343617417|Henriette Hardenberg]]" 905582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Henriette Hardenberg''' (Fabrairu 5, 1894 - Oktoba 26, 1993), an haife ta '''Margarete Rosenberg''', mawaki ce ta Jamus-Yahudawa wacce ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1910, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar marubuta a kusa da mujallar Die Aktion, wanda ke goyan bayan adabin adabi. A cikin waƙoƙinta, ta bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da jikinsu, musamman fata a matsayin ma'amala tsakanin kai da duniya da kuma iyakancewa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta ce aikinta ya nuna sha'awar wuce iyakokin jiki. Hardenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan daga cikin marubutan Expressionist na Jamus, kuma wani sake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan na aikinta ya sanya aikinta cikin mafi kyawun Expressionists. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Hardenberg Margarete Rosenberg a Berlin, Jamus. Iyayenta sune Hugo Rosenberg, lauya, da Marie Anne (Rosenstein) Rosenberg . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Hans, wanda ya taimaka mata ta kafa lambobinta na farko. A cikin 1913, waƙoƙinta da rubutun sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar Expressionist Die Aktion . Ta wallafa waƙoƙinta biyu na farko a ƙarƙashin sunanta, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta sake yin hakan, don haka ta ɗauki sunan 'Henriette Hardenberg' kuma ta yi amfani da shi har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta hanyar alaƙar da take da ita da Die Aktion, ta san marubuta kamar Else Lasker-Schüler da Ludwig Meidner. A wannan lokacin, ta yi karatun rawa a Makarantar Dalcroze, kuma sau da yawa tana rubutu game da masu rawa kuma tana amfani da misalai da suka shafi jiki da motsi a cikin waƙarta. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rudolf Virchow da ke Berlin . A shekara ta 1916, ta koma Munich, inda ta gina abota da marubuta kamar Rainer Maria Rilke (wanda ta kasance kusa da shi), Johannes R. Becher, [[Emmy Hennings]], da Oskar Maria Graf . A shekara ta 1924, ta koma Berlin, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin. A shekara ta 1929, ta dauki aiki a matsayin sakatariyar sirri ga farfesa na fasaha na Amurka Richard Offner, gwani a farkon zanen Florentine. Hardenberg ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ayyukan Offner na wasu shekaru talatin. A shekara ta 1937, Hardenberg ya nemi mafaka a London daga Nazi Jamus. A lokacin yakin, ta yi aiki a kasuwancin daukar hoto saboda aikin Offner yana kan hutu. A shekara ta 1948, ta zama 'yar Burtaniya. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1993. A lokacin rayuwarta, Hardenberg ta wallafa littafi daya na waka, ''Neigungen'' (Tendencies). An shirya tarin na biyu, ''Südliches Herz'' (Kudancin Zuciya), an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a 1994. Ta kuma buga a cikin mujallu daban-daban ban da Die Aktion kuma an haɗa waƙoƙinta a cikin litattafai da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1916, ta auri mawaki, mai fassara, kuma mai sukar [[Alfred Wolfenstein]], kuma ma'auratan suka koma Munich, inda aka haifi ɗansu Frank. Sun rabu a 1929 kuma sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake sun kasance abokai har zuwa mutuwar Wolfenstein a 1945. A shekara ta 1938, ta auri mai zane da mai zane Kurt Frankenschwerth, wanda ta san shi tun farkon shekarun 1920. Hardenberg ya mutu a 1993 yana da shekaru 99. An ƙone ta a Golders Green Crematorium . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] n1tkwkhg760l94b7fkzbbtg8f2vm9md 905583 905582 2026-08-21T11:28:36Z Usman saadu 46863 905583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Henriette Hardenberg''' (Fabrairu 5, 1894 - Oktoba 26, 1993), an haife ta '''Margarete Rosenberg''', mawaki ce ta Jamus-Yahudawa wacce ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1910, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar marubuta a kusa da mujallar Die Aktion, wanda ke goyan bayan adabin adabi. A cikin waƙoƙinta, ta bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da jikinsu, musamman fata a matsayin ma'amala tsakanin kai da duniya da kuma iyakancewa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta ce aikinta ya nuna sha'awar wuce iyakokin jiki. Hardenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan daga cikin marubutan Expressionist na Jamus, kuma wani sake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan na aikinta ya sanya aikinta cikin mafi kyawun Expressionists. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Hardenberg Margarete Rosenberg a Berlin, Jamus. Iyayenta sune Hugo Rosenberg, lauya, da Marie Anne (Rosenstein) Rosenberg . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Hans, wanda ya taimaka mata ta kafa lambobinta na farko. A cikin 1913, waƙoƙinta da rubutun sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar Expressionist Die Aktion . Ta wallafa waƙoƙinta biyu na farko a ƙarƙashin sunanta, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta sake yin hakan, don haka ta ɗauki sunan 'Henriette Hardenberg' kuma ta yi amfani da shi har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta hanyar alaƙar da take da ita da Die Aktion, ta san marubuta kamar Else Lasker-Schüler da Ludwig Meidner. A wannan lokacin, ta yi karatun rawa a Makarantar Dalcroze, kuma sau da yawa tana rubutu game da masu rawa kuma tana amfani da misalai da suka shafi jiki da motsi a cikin waƙarta. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rudolf Virchow da ke Berlin . A shekara ta 1916, ta koma Munich, inda ta gina abota da marubuta kamar Rainer Maria Rilke (wanda ta kasance kusa da shi), Johannes R. Becher, [[Emmy Hennings]], da Oskar Maria Graf . A shekara ta 1924, ta koma Berlin, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin. A shekara ta 1929, ta dauki aiki a matsayin sakatariyar sirri ga farfesa na fasaha na Amurka Richard Offner, gwani a farkon zanen Florentine. Hardenberg ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ayyukan Offner na wasu shekaru talatin. A shekara ta 1937, Hardenberg ya nemi mafaka a London daga Nazi Jamus. A lokacin yakin, ta yi aiki a kasuwancin daukar hoto saboda aikin Offner yana kan hutu. A shekara ta 1948, ta zama 'yar Burtaniya. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1993. A lokacin rayuwarta, Hardenberg ta wallafa littafi daya na waka, ''Neigungen'' (Tendencies). An shirya tarin na biyu, ''Südliches Herz'' (Kudancin Zuciya), an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a 1994. Ta kuma buga a cikin mujallu daban-daban ban da Die Aktion kuma an haɗa waƙoƙinta a cikin litattafai da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1916, ta auri mawaki, mai fassara, kuma mai sukar [[Alfred Wolfenstein]], kuma ma'auratan suka koma Munich, inda aka haifi ɗansu Frank. Sun rabu a 1929 kuma sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake sun kasance abokai har zuwa mutuwar Wolfenstein a 1945. A shekara ta 1938, ta auri mai zane da mai zane Kurt Frankenschwerth, wanda ta san shi tun farkon shekarun 1920. Hardenberg ya mutu a 1993 yana da shekaru 99. An ƙone ta a Golders Green Crematorium . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] nl366wiawexbw7ga0hsv7dmjkg4gso3 905585 905583 2026-08-21T11:29:41Z Usman saadu 46863 905585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Henriette Hardenberg''' ( 5 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 1894 - Oktoba 26, 1993), an haife ta '''Margarete Rosenberg''', mawaki ce ta Jamus-Yahudawa wacce ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1910, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar marubuta a kusa da mujallar Die Aktion, wanda ke goyan bayan adabin adabi. A cikin waƙoƙinta, ta bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da jikinsu, musamman fata a matsayin ma'amala tsakanin kai da duniya da kuma iyakancewa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta ce aikinta ya nuna sha'awar wuce iyakokin jiki. Hardenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan daga cikin marubutan Expressionist na Jamus, kuma wani sake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan na aikinta ya sanya aikinta cikin mafi kyawun Expressionists. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Hardenberg Margarete Rosenberg a Berlin, Jamus. Iyayenta sune Hugo Rosenberg, lauya, da Marie Anne (Rosenstein) Rosenberg . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Hans, wanda ya taimaka mata ta kafa lambobinta na farko. A cikin 1913, waƙoƙinta da rubutun sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar Expressionist Die Aktion . Ta wallafa waƙoƙinta biyu na farko a ƙarƙashin sunanta, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta sake yin hakan, don haka ta ɗauki sunan 'Henriette Hardenberg' kuma ta yi amfani da shi har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta hanyar alaƙar da take da ita da Die Aktion, ta san marubuta kamar Else Lasker-Schüler da Ludwig Meidner. A wannan lokacin, ta yi karatun rawa a Makarantar Dalcroze, kuma sau da yawa tana rubutu game da masu rawa kuma tana amfani da misalai da suka shafi jiki da motsi a cikin waƙarta. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rudolf Virchow da ke Berlin . A shekara ta 1916, ta koma Munich, inda ta gina abota da marubuta kamar Rainer Maria Rilke (wanda ta kasance kusa da shi), Johannes R. Becher, [[Emmy Hennings]], da Oskar Maria Graf . A shekara ta 1924, ta koma Berlin, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin. A shekara ta 1929, ta dauki aiki a matsayin sakatariyar sirri ga farfesa na fasaha na Amurka Richard Offner, gwani a farkon zanen Florentine. Hardenberg ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ayyukan Offner na wasu shekaru talatin. A shekara ta 1937, Hardenberg ya nemi mafaka a London daga Nazi Jamus. A lokacin yakin, ta yi aiki a kasuwancin daukar hoto saboda aikin Offner yana kan hutu. A shekara ta 1948, ta zama 'yar Burtaniya. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1993. A lokacin rayuwarta, Hardenberg ta wallafa littafi daya na waka, ''Neigungen'' (Tendencies). An shirya tarin na biyu, ''Südliches Herz'' (Kudancin Zuciya), an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a 1994. Ta kuma buga a cikin mujallu daban-daban ban da Die Aktion kuma an haɗa waƙoƙinta a cikin litattafai da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1916, ta auri mawaki, mai fassara, kuma mai sukar [[Alfred Wolfenstein]], kuma ma'auratan suka koma Munich, inda aka haifi ɗansu Frank. Sun rabu a 1929 kuma sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake sun kasance abokai har zuwa mutuwar Wolfenstein a 1945. A shekara ta 1938, ta auri mai zane da mai zane Kurt Frankenschwerth, wanda ta san shi tun farkon shekarun 1920. Hardenberg ya mutu a 1993 yana da shekaru 99. An ƙone ta a Golders Green Crematorium . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 2byg2y5bi84dmeu2hua8vub2lrcux12 905586 905585 2026-08-21T11:30:06Z Usman saadu 46863 905586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Henriette Hardenberg''' ( 5 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 1894 - Oktoba 26, a shekara ta 1993), an haife ta '''Margarete Rosenberg''', mawaki ce ta Jamus-Yahudawa wacce ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1910, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar marubuta a kusa da mujallar Die Aktion, wanda ke goyan bayan adabin adabi. A cikin waƙoƙinta, ta bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da jikinsu, musamman fata a matsayin ma'amala tsakanin kai da duniya da kuma iyakancewa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta ce aikinta ya nuna sha'awar wuce iyakokin jiki. Hardenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan daga cikin marubutan Expressionist na Jamus, kuma wani sake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan na aikinta ya sanya aikinta cikin mafi kyawun Expressionists. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Hardenberg Margarete Rosenberg a Berlin, Jamus. Iyayenta sune Hugo Rosenberg, lauya, da Marie Anne (Rosenstein) Rosenberg . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Hans, wanda ya taimaka mata ta kafa lambobinta na farko. A cikin 1913, waƙoƙinta da rubutun sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar Expressionist Die Aktion . Ta wallafa waƙoƙinta biyu na farko a ƙarƙashin sunanta, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta sake yin hakan, don haka ta ɗauki sunan 'Henriette Hardenberg' kuma ta yi amfani da shi har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta hanyar alaƙar da take da ita da Die Aktion, ta san marubuta kamar Else Lasker-Schüler da Ludwig Meidner. A wannan lokacin, ta yi karatun rawa a Makarantar Dalcroze, kuma sau da yawa tana rubutu game da masu rawa kuma tana amfani da misalai da suka shafi jiki da motsi a cikin waƙarta. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rudolf Virchow da ke Berlin . A shekara ta 1916, ta koma Munich, inda ta gina abota da marubuta kamar Rainer Maria Rilke (wanda ta kasance kusa da shi), Johannes R. Becher, [[Emmy Hennings]], da Oskar Maria Graf . A shekara ta 1924, ta koma Berlin, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin. A shekara ta 1929, ta dauki aiki a matsayin sakatariyar sirri ga farfesa na fasaha na Amurka Richard Offner, gwani a farkon zanen Florentine. Hardenberg ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ayyukan Offner na wasu shekaru talatin. A shekara ta 1937, Hardenberg ya nemi mafaka a London daga Nazi Jamus. A lokacin yakin, ta yi aiki a kasuwancin daukar hoto saboda aikin Offner yana kan hutu. A shekara ta 1948, ta zama 'yar Burtaniya. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1993. A lokacin rayuwarta, Hardenberg ta wallafa littafi daya na waka, ''Neigungen'' (Tendencies). An shirya tarin na biyu, ''Südliches Herz'' (Kudancin Zuciya), an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a 1994. Ta kuma buga a cikin mujallu daban-daban ban da Die Aktion kuma an haɗa waƙoƙinta a cikin litattafai da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1916, ta auri mawaki, mai fassara, kuma mai sukar [[Alfred Wolfenstein]], kuma ma'auratan suka koma Munich, inda aka haifi ɗansu Frank. Sun rabu a 1929 kuma sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake sun kasance abokai har zuwa mutuwar Wolfenstein a 1945. A shekara ta 1938, ta auri mai zane da mai zane Kurt Frankenschwerth, wanda ta san shi tun farkon shekarun 1920. Hardenberg ya mutu a 1993 yana da shekaru 99. An ƙone ta a Golders Green Crematorium . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] 51rsqlx9tslqfthpkyzvghsc5jjm7t1 905588 905586 2026-08-21T11:30:32Z Usman saadu 46863 905588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Henriette Hardenberg''' ( 5 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 1894 - Oktoba 26, a shekara ta 1993), an haife ta '''Margarete Rosenberg''', mawaki ce ta Jamus-Yahudawa wacce ta yi hijira zuwa Burtaniya a ƙarshen shekarun 1930. A cikin shekarun 1910, ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar marubuta a kusa da mujallar Die Aktion, wanda ke goyan bayan adabin adabi. A cikin waƙoƙinta, ta bincika dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da jikinsu, musamman fata a matsayin ma'amala tsakanin kai da duniya da kuma iyakancewa. A cikin wata hira da ta yi da ita, ta ce aikinta ya nuna sha'awar wuce iyakokin jiki. Hardenberg na ɗaya daga cikin mata kalilan daga cikin marubutan Expressionist na Jamus, kuma wani sake kimantawa na baya-bayan nan na aikinta ya sanya aikinta cikin mafi kyawun Expressionists. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Henriette Hardenberg Margarete Rosenberg a Berlin, Jamus. Iyayenta sune Hugo Rosenberg, lauya, da Marie Anne (Rosenstein) Rosenberg . Tana da ɗan'uwa, Hans, wanda ya taimaka mata ta kafa lambobinta na farko. A cikin 1913, waƙoƙinta da rubutun sun fara bayyana a cikin mujallar Expressionist Die Aktion . Ta wallafa waƙoƙinta biyu na farko a ƙarƙashin sunanta, amma mahaifinta ya hana ta sake yin hakan, don haka ta ɗauki sunan 'Henriette Hardenberg' kuma ta yi amfani da shi har tsawon rayuwarta. Ta hanyar alaƙar da take da ita da Die Aktion, ta san marubuta kamar Else Lasker-Schüler da Ludwig Meidner. A wannan lokacin, ta yi karatun rawa a Makarantar Dalcroze, kuma sau da yawa tana rubutu game da masu rawa kuma tana amfani da misalai da suka shafi jiki da motsi a cikin waƙarta. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a asibitin Rudolf Virchow da ke Berlin . A shekara ta 1916, ta koma Munich, inda ta gina abota da marubuta kamar Rainer Maria Rilke (wanda ta kasance kusa da shi), Johannes R. Becher, [[Emmy Hennings]], da Oskar Maria Graf . A shekara ta 1924, ta koma Berlin, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samfurin. A shekara ta 1929, ta dauki aiki a matsayin sakatariyar sirri ga farfesa na fasaha na Amurka Richard Offner, gwani a farkon zanen Florentine. Hardenberg ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ayyukan Offner na wasu shekaru talatin. A shekara ta 1937, Hardenberg ya nemi mafaka a London daga Nazi Jamus. A lokacin yakin, ta yi aiki a kasuwancin daukar hoto saboda aikin Offner yana kan hutu. A shekara ta 1948, ta zama 'yar Burtaniya. Ta mutu a shekara ta 1993. A lokacin rayuwarta, Hardenberg ta wallafa littafi daya na waka, ''Neigungen'' (Tendencies). An shirya tarin na biyu, ''Südliches Herz'' (Kudancin Zuciya), an buga shi bayan mutuwarsa a 1994. Ta kuma buga a cikin mujallu daban-daban ban da Die Aktion kuma an haɗa waƙoƙinta a cikin litattafai da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == A shekara ta 1916, ta auri mawaki, mai fassara, kuma mai sukar [[Alfred Wolfenstein]], kuma ma'auratan suka koma Munich, inda aka haifi ɗansu Frank. Sun rabu a 1929 kuma sun sake aure a shekara mai zuwa, kodayake sun kasance abokai har zuwa mutuwar Wolfenstein a 1945. A shekara ta 1938, ta auri mai zane da mai zane Kurt Frankenschwerth, wanda ta san shi tun farkon shekarun 1920. Hardenberg ya mutu a shekara ta 1993 yana da shekaru 99. An ƙone ta a Golders Green Crematorium . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Webarchive template wayback links]] jb90tfjh154jufkgmmm7swofa8m99jo 0 165044 905593 2026-08-21T11:40:48Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368666847|Gerda Herrmann]]" 905593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga Yuni, 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga Afrilu, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] ezig20m7t4tjz70lfktvz4nqnrynxfl 905594 905593 2026-08-21T11:41:08Z Usman saadu 46863 905594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga Yuni, 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga Afrilu, 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] mhsp1rg3xfku4ve62yj9oa1ljublbtp 905595 905594 2026-08-21T11:41:38Z Usman saadu 46863 905595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga Yuni, 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] 50p43jvyio3hv420lfa34pzmxa1ux0s 905596 905595 2026-08-21T11:42:09Z Usman saadu 46863 905596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] gyxs4ihmt1t6w1c7kgb3g1e3s1hxjry 905597 905596 2026-08-21T11:42:25Z Usman saadu 46863 905597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] f49i8cgaru6ubu9ho1b86jt5rfy2bxw 905598 905597 2026-08-21T11:42:49Z Usman saadu 46863 905598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a shekara ta 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] hbf2rqgfi0khkwerf0f64rnjhvv0t6g 905599 905598 2026-08-21T11:43:09Z Usman saadu 46863 905599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a shekara ta 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin a shekara ta 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] dd43pu8lf45eo2e64y11o7kiiet1tcf 905600 905599 2026-08-21T11:43:34Z Usman saadu 46863 905600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a shekara ta 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin a shekara ta 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin shekara ta 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] rogxmiit832sdxwn3yxqye8ggziwiwt 905601 905600 2026-08-21T11:44:08Z Usman saadu 46863 905601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a shekara ta 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin a shekara ta 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin shekara ta 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin shekara ta 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] p6ret4gg3b77r379zihgcisa5agi2pz 905602 905601 2026-08-21T11:44:50Z Usman saadu 46863 905602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gerda Herrmann''' (30 ga watan Yuni, a shekara ta 1931 <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2019-06-21 |title=Liedermacherin mit Mut und Humor |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.stuttgart-botnang-liedermacherin-mit-mut-und-humor.fa74d192-cf75-45cf-ac43-96c0e48e8e59.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}} The article mentions that the premiere of the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on June 29, 2019 was held the day before Gerda Herrmann's 88th birthday</ref> a Cannstatt - 15 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stuttgart Gedenkt - Todesanzeige Gerda Herrmann |url=https://www.stuttgart-gedenkt.de/traueranzeige/gerda-herrmann-1931 |access-date=2021-05-23}}</ref>) mawaki ce kuma mawaki Jamus. Ta kasance tana zaune a Botnang tun daga shekarun 1960 kuma ta rubuta fiye da waƙoƙi 400, <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> ta saita waƙoƙin kanta da sauran marubutan. <ref name="postmondaen">{{Cite web |last=Tuschinski |first=Alexander |date=2020-05-10 |title=Von Botnang nach Hollywood – Gerda Herrmann im Interview |url=https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611000702/https://postmondaen.net/2020/05/10/gerda-herrmann-interview/ |archive-date=June 11, 2020 |access-date=2020-05-10 |publisher=[[postmondän]]}}</ref><ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019">{{Cite web |last=Sass-Baitis |first=Marisa |date=2019-08-21 |title=Gerda Herrmann: Lebenslinien |url=http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822101638/http://www.stuttgarter-wochenblatt.de/inhalt.portraet-der-woche-gerda-herrmann-lebenslinien.3aaa990f-8a2b-45e8-a082-3efed68596fd.html |archive-date=2019-08-22 |access-date=2019-08-23 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Wochenblatt]]}}</ref> Yawancin waƙoƙinta an yi su ne a kide-kide 12 (kamar yadda na 2019). <ref name="kinoprogramm">{{Cite web |title=Programming announcement about the documentary film "The Songwriter of Botnang" on the website of Delphi Arthaus Kino Stuttgart, archived on archive.org |url=https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629232400/https://www.arthaus-kino.de/ |archive-date=2019-06-29 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == Gerda Herrmann ta sami darussan piano kusan shekaru uku daga 1941 shekarar zuwa 1943, har sai an kwashe makarantar ta zuwa Metzingen saboda bama-bamai. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta buga piano ba tare da samun ƙarin darussan ba.<ref name="postmondaen" /> Mahaifinta ya kasance mai binciken kungiyar. Bayan an zarge shi da hukumomi, an rubuta shi cikin sojojin Jamus kuma ya fadi a shekara ta 1944 a matsayin soja.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> A watan Yulin a shekara ta 1944, Herrmann ya kasance a Stuttgart kuma yana da shekaru 13 ya ga manyan bama-bamai na birnin da kuma sakamakonsu.<ref name="landesschau">{{Cite web |last=Auch |first=Joachim |date=2020-05-08 |title=Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Clip about Gerda Herrmann and the film "The Songwriter of Botnang" (from 17:40 min on) |url=https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510110515/https://www.swrfernsehen.de/landesschau-bw/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg-vom-852020-100.html |archive-date=2020-05-10 |access-date=2019-05-10 |publisher=[[Südwestrundfunk]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1972, Herrmann ta rubuta waka ta farko, lokacin da aka tambaye ta ta rubuta daya don hidimar da aka gudanar a [[Friendenskirche Stuttgart]] don tallafawa [[Amnesty International]] . <ref name="postmondaen" /> A shekara ta 1984, Gerda Herrmann ta rubuta waƙarta ta farko mai taken "Elegie".<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta saita matani daga marubuta da yawa zuwa kiɗa, daga cikinsu [[Annette von Droste-Hülshoff]], Joachim Ringelnatz, Arthur Schnitzler da Walther von der Vogelweide . A cikin shekara ta 2013, Herrmann ta saita waƙar waka ta soyayya da mahaifinta ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa a cikin 1923. <ref name="postmondaen" /> Ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshe, kuma a cikin hira ta ƙarshe da aka buga mako guda kafin mutuwarta a watan Afrilu na 2021, Herrmann ta yi magana game da waƙar da take aiki a kai.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2021">{{Cite web |last=Mostbacher-Dix |first=Petra |date=2021-04-08 |title=Anbetung aus Hollywood |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liedermacherin-aus-stuttgart-botnang-anbetung-aus-hollywood.58069a64-ffdb-43d7-8d0d-e39ea5b3331c.html?reduced=true |access-date=2021-09-01 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann kanta ta bayyana salon ta a matsayin "ba na zamani ba", amma "mai yiwuwa a rarraba shi a matsayin na zamanin soyayya". Bugu da ƙari, salon ta ya zama mai sauƙi a cikin tsufa, wanda ta danganta da maganar Angelus Silesius "Mutum, mai da hankali kan ainihin".<ref name="postmondaen" /> Herrmann ta dauki waƙarta wacce ta saita waƙar Rilke na"Der Panther" zuwa kiɗa a matsayin da ta fi so daga cikin waƙoƙinta.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}}[ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Ya zuwa yanzu, an yi yawancin waƙoƙin Herrmann a kide-kide 12 don tallafawa al'ummomi da kungiyoyi daban-daban. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na farko ya faru ne a shekarar 1991 a Schloss Solitude . <ref name="stuttgarterwochenblatt2019" /> A cikin shekara ta 2019, an yi fim din The Songwriter of Botnang a kan rayuwar Herrmann da aikinsa. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An nuna shi a Jamus da Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival: program guide on official website, announcing the screening of the film taking place on Feb 17, 2020 at Regal Cinema, LA Live. |url=https://hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2020/feb_17.php#TheSongwriterof |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> kuma an kuma nuna shi a gasar a bikin fina-finai na Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Independent Film Festival: Program guide on official website, announcing the screening on Feb 29, 2020. |url=https://www.berlinfest.com/ |access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref> == Karfafa rubuce-rubuce masu kirkiro ta matasa == Daga shekara ta 2003, har zuwa mutuwarta, Gerda Herrman ta kasance memba mai kafa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-03 |title=Article on stimmt.de: Schüler tragen eigene Texte vor |url=https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.stimmt.de/news/webreporter/vorort/2012/februar/art3746,34299 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar [[Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik]], wanda ke buga litattafan da ke nuna matani daga matasa. An buga tarihin farko tun kafin a kafa al'umma, ta amfani da wasu sassan kuɗin da aka samu daga kide-kide na fa'ida wanda ya nuna wasu waƙoƙin Herrmann a fararen zauren Sabon Fadar a Stuttgart a shekara ta 1999. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2019" /> An yarda da litattafan don a rubuta su a cikin tarihin rubutun yara na Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg kuma suna dauke da matani na nau'o'i daban-daban da salo. <ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2016">{{Cite web |last=Friedel |first=Georg |date=2016-09-21 |title=Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben und Musik - Nischen für Nachwuchsautoren |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.foerderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-und-musik-nischen-fuer-nachwuchsautoren.1de6e129-bf49-45cb-8ecb-d9fc775f268e.html |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Klassen |first=Ellen |date=2013-08-23 |title=schulepluskultur.de (Blog of LKJ Baden-Württemberg e.V.): neue Anthologie des Förderkreis Kreatives Schreiben + Musik e.V. mit Texten von Schülern |url=https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630003025/https://www.schulepluskultur.de/2013/08/neue-anthologie-des-forderkreis-kreatives-schreiben-musik-e-v-mit-texten-unterschiedlicher-schulen/ |archive-date=2019-06-30 |access-date=2019-06-30}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, an nuna waka ta Ingeborg Wenger daga tarihin "ÜberBrücken" a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin "Lyrik Unterwegs" a cikin Jirgin kasa na metro a Stuttgart.<ref name="stuttgarterzeitung2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-07-09 |title=Ingeborg und ihr cooles Gedicht fahren U-Bahn (Excerpt from the poem on the website of Dillmann-Gymnasium, Stuttgart) |url=http://www.dillmann-gymnasium.de/gymnasium/organisation/presse/presse-material/ingeborg-und-ihr-cooles-gedicht-fahren-u-bahn/ |access-date=2019-06-30 |publisher=[[Stuttgarter Zeitung]]}}</ref> Herrmann ya kafa waƙoƙi da yawa daga waɗannan litattafan zuwa kiɗa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] qu6xfipw30airyzq2b50e7hn7pu5oyp