Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2655 915469 821320 2026-09-03T13:08:13Z Dr. Thomas Liptak 38694 photo updated 915469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Cancillería Federal, Berlín, Alemania, 2016-04-21, DD 37-39 HDR.JPG|thumb|Fadar Gwamnatin Kasar Jamus dake Berlin]] [[File:Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, 360x180, 160403, ako.jpg|thumb|Gini Potsdamer Plats, Berlin Germany]] [[Fayil:Brandenburger Tor morgens.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Kloster Paulinzella, Thüringen, 170316, ako (2).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Maximilianeum Munich at Night, March 2018.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Eilean Donan Castle Panorama.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:01-01-2014 - Messeturm - trade fair tower - Frankfurt- Germany - 01.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Aerial view of Berlin (32881394137).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Pieter Brueghel the Elder - The Dutch Proverbs - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Horse-racing-4.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:SonyCenterAtNight.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Reichstagsgebäude von Westen.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:EU-Germany (orthographic projection).svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Hexenbuche mit Kreuzberg.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Neues Schloss Schlossplatzspringbrunnen Jubiläumssäule Schlossplatz Stuttgart 2015 02.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, 360x180, 160403, ako.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Thuringia Eisenach asv2020-07 img23 Wartburg Castle.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Hamburg Notgeld 1 Mark 1921.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Lüdinghausen, Burg Kakesbeck -- 2021 -- 8860.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Höxter Germany Corvey-Abbey-11.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Rösrath Germany Gasthof-zur-Brücke-01.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Cologne Germany Cologne-Ship-Scenic-Ruby-01.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Dresden Germany Statue-Frederick-Augustus-I-of-Saxony-01.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Porsche 911 No 1000000, 70 Years Porsche Sports Car, Berlin (1X7A3888).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Eselsburger-Tal Herbrechtingen Baden-Württemberg Germany Bindsteinmühle-02.jpg|thumb]] '''Jamus''' Neman tuna yadda rayuwa ta kasan ce a yankin, '''Jamus''' ta gabas, al'amari ne da kan kasan ce mai matuƙar sarƙaƙiya ga su kansu [[Mazaunan Nova Scotian|mazauna]] wannan yanki. Suma baki yanci rani da suka saba zama a yankin na Jamus ta gabas,<ref>Repräsentation und Integration" (in German). Bundespräsidialamt. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.</ref> basa samun saukin bayanin irin halin da suka zauna karkashin sa a yankin. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan baki da suka zauna a Jamus ta gabas din har zuwa ranar tara ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta alif (1989), shine Eric Singh. Haifaffen [[Afrika]] ta kudu, Singh ya tsera ne zuwa Jamus ta gabas daga Durban, domin ya kaura cewa gallazawa a ƙasar sa.<ref> "Repräsentation und Integration" (in German). Bundespräsidialamt. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.</ref> Daga [[Berlin]], [[Bonn]] ta gabas, dan gwagwarmayar na kungiyar ANC yaci gaba da nuna adawar sa ga mulkin wariya, inda har ma ya riƙa samun goyon baya da taimakon kuɗi daga.hukumomin wannan yanki. Harma bayan rushewar katangar ta Berlin, Eric Singh yaci gaba da zama a Berlin, inda a yanzu kuma yake tuna rayuwa a Jamus ta gabas da rushewar katangar '''Berlin'''. Shin ana iya cewa wannan hirar da manema labarai ya canza al'amuran [[duniya]]. Wannan dai tabbas haka yake, a bisa ra'ayin yan [[jarida]] da suka hallara, suka saurari jawabin [[Günter Schabowski]], kakakin gwmanatin kwaminisanci ta Jamus ta gabas, ranar tara ga watan Nuwamba na shekara ta alif (1989), a Berlin ta gabas. A wannan rana, Schabowski ya sanar da matakan sassauta tafiye-tafiye zuwa kyetare ga yan Jamus ta gabas. Eric Singh ya halarci wannan taro na manema [[labarai]], saboda daga can Berlin ta gabas ya rika aikawa mujallu dabam dabam sharhuna da rahotanni. Saboda haka ma Singh yace yayi imanin zai kasance cikin wadanda suka shaidar da wani al'amari na [[tarihi]] yace:<ref> "The German Federal Government". deutschland.de. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020</ref> "Na bi wannan taro na yan jarida a tsanake kuma naji tambayar da [[Ricardo Ehrmann]] daga [[Italiya]] yayi, inda ya tambaye shi shin wani lokaci ne za'a bude iyakokin na Jamus ta gabas? Shi kuma Schabowski ya amsa da cewa yau". Jim kadan kuwa bayan wannan hira da yan jaridu, wanda ma gidan television na hukumar ta nuna kai tsaye, aka fara samun yan Jamus ta gabas da suka yi kasadar zuwa kan iyakokin da suka raba tsakanin Berlin ta gabas da Berlin ta yamma. Masu tsaron kan iyakokin, wadanda ma tururuwar jama'a ta nemi fin karfin su, suka kyale jama'a su tsallaka zuwa dayan bangaren, wanda har ya zuwa wannan lokaci aka haramtawa yan Jamus. ta gabas shi. Nan da nan kuwa labarin haka ya watsu ko ina, inda jama'a suka rika cunkoso a wuraren kan iyaka a Berlin ta gabas, domin neman tsallkawa zuwa yamma da kuma samun yancin su. Ya zuwa tsadar dare aka bude dukkanin iyakokin, katangar Berlin ta zama sai labari. Shi kansa Eric Singh ya shaidar da wannan babban abu na tarihi ne a washegari, inda ya shiga jirgin kasa daga tashar Friedrichstrasse a [[Berlin]] ta gabas zuwa yankin [[Berlin]] ta yamma. Yace: "Daga Friedrichstrasse na isa kan iyaka, inda na taras da dubban jama'a, musmaman matasa. Daga nan muka tsallaka kogin Spree zuwa Berlin ta yamma. Na kuma fahimci yadda dimbin jama'a sukai ta nuna bukatar su ta zuwa ga samun yanci, saboda ni kaina na kasa samun damar tserewa daga [[Afrika]] ta kudu lokacin da naso, saboda a matsayi na na dan gwagwarmaya adawa da wariya, bani da yancin fita zuwa ketare, saboda bani da paspo".<ref>Gesley, Jenny (26 September 2018). "The Protection of Minority and Regional Languages in Germany". Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 25 May 2020.</ref> A yau, Eric Singh yana nuna matukar godiyar sa ga dukkanin taimako da goyon bayan da ya samu daga Jamus ta gabas kasar da a bana, shekaru ashirin kenan da bacewar ta. Yace duk da mummunan kasawar yankin a bangaren democradiya da kuma matakai masu tsanani kan yan adawa, amma Jamus ta gabas ta bada gudumuwa mai yawa a gwagwarmaya kan gwamnatin wariya ta [[Afrika]] ta kudu. Yace: A nan ko da shike mutane basu da yancin tafiye-tafiye yadda suka so, amma sun karbi wannan hali cikin kwanciyar hankali. Na kan tattauna haka din da matata ta, wdada ita ma yar Jamus ta gabas ce. Takan ce a da can nayi rayuwa ce ba tare da hatsaniya ba, amma ba haka abin yake ba a yanzu. Bayan da aka rushewa kasar, ta rasa aikin ta a matsayin mai fassara saboda wai ta tsufa. Ba kuwa ita kadai ba, jama'a da dama sun shiga irin wannan hali. Yanzu Eric Singh yana zaune cikin farin ciki da jin dadi da matar sa a Berlin. Dan jaridar da yayi ritaya har yanzu yana da alaka ta kurkusa tare da [[Afrika]] ta kudu, kasar da tun bayan kawo karshen mulkin wariya yake mallakar paspo din ta. * [http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4819204,00.html DW-World: Shekaru 20 da rushewar katangar Berlin] ==Hotuna.== <gallery> Fayil:Frankfurt am Main, Central business district (2024).jpg|Frankfurt Fayil:Brandenburger Tor morgens.jpg|thumb|Berlin Fayil:Speyer - Altstadt - Altpörtel - Blick auf Domfassade und Kirchtürme mit Abendsonne.jpg|thumb|Speyer Fayil:Thuringia Eisenach asv2020-07 img23 Wartburg Castle.jpg|thumb|Eisenach Fayil:Maximilianeum Munich at Night, March 2018.jpg|thumb|Munich Fayil:Aerial view of Berlin (32881394137).jpg|thumb|Berlin Fayil:Mercedes-Benz Museum 201312 08 blue hour.jpg|thumb|Meseum]]Fayil:EU-Germany.svg|thumb|Mercedes-Benz Museum Fayil:Pieter Brueghel the Elder - The Dutch Proverbs - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Germany Fayil:Reichstagsgebäude von Westen.jpg|thumb|Berlin Fayil:SonyCenterAtNight.jpg|thumb|Berlin Fayil:Pilsumer Leuchtturm 2010-10 CN-I.jpg|thumb|Germany Fayil:01-01-2014 - Messeturm - trade fair tower - Frankfurt- Germany - 01.jpg|thumb|Garin Frankfurt Fayil:Horse-racing-4.jpg|thumb|tseren doki a Munich File:Berlin Mitte by night.JPG|Berlin na kasar File:Cologne_cathedral_aerial_(25326253726)_(cropped).jpg|Cocin Cologne File:5 56 49 am .....a ship.jpg File:Essen-Südviertel Luft.jpg|Essen-Südviertel Luft File:Einsteinturm_7443.jpg|Hasumiyar Einsteinturn </gallery> {{Turai}} ==Tarihi== Babban labarin: Tarihin Jamus Don jagorar tarihin lokaci, duba Timeline na tarihin Jamus. Tarihi Manyan labarai: Al'adun tukwane na Linear, Al'adun Unetice, Al'adun Urnfield, da Celts Kakannin kakannin da suka riga sun zama dan Adam, Danuvius guggenmosi, wadanda suka kasance a Jamus sama da shekaru miliyan 11 da suka wuce, ana tunanin cewa suna cikin wadanda suka fara tafiya da kafafu biyu.<ref>"We Just Found an 11-Million-Year-Old Ancestor That Hints How Humans Began to Walk"</ref> Mutanen da sun kasance a Jamus aƙalla shekaru 600,000 da suka wuce.<ref> "Radiometric dating of the type-site for Homo heidelbergensis at Mauer, Germany"</ref> an gano burbushin ɗan adam na farko wanda ba na zamani ba (Neanderthal) a cikin kwarin Neander.<ref>Hendry, Lisa (5 May 2018). "Who were the Neanderthals?". Natural History Museum. Archived from the original on 30 March 2020.</ref> Hakazalika an sami shedar kwanan wata na ɗan adam na zamani a cikin Swabian Jura, gami da sarewa na shekaru 42,000 waɗanda sune tsoffin kayan kida da aka taɓa samu, <ref> ["Earliest music instruments found"</ref> Lion Man mai shekaru 40,000, <ref>"Ice Age Lion Man is world's earliest figurative sculpture"</ref> da Venus mai shekaru 41,000 na Hohle Fels. <ref>"A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in southwestern Germany" </ref> <ref>""It must be a woman" – The female depictions from Hohle Fels date to 40,000 years ago..." </ref> ==Asalinta== Ƙarin bayani: Sunayen Jamus, Germani, da Jamusanci Kalmar Ingilishi ta Jamus ta samo asali ne daga Latin Germania, wadda ta fara amfani da ita bayan Julius Caesar ya karbe ta ga mutanen gabashin Rhine.<ref>Schulze, Hagen</ref> Kalmar Jamusanci Deutschland, asalin ƙasar diutisciu ('ƙasar Jamus'), ta samo asali ne daga deutsch (cf. Dutch), wanda ya fito daga tsohuwar diutsc na Jamus 'na mutane' (daga diot ko diota 'mutane'), asali ana amfani da su don bambanta harshen talakawa daga Latin da zuriyarsa na Romance. Wannan bi da bi ya fito daga Proto-Jamus * þiudiskaz 'na mutane' (duba kuma sigar Latinised Theodiscus), wanda aka samo daga * þeudo, ya fito daga Proto-Indo-Turai * tewtéh₂- 'mutane', daga inda kalmar Teuton kuma ta samo asali.<ref>Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Band II</ref> ==kabilun jamus== Ana tsammanin al'ummar Jamusawa sun fito ne daga al'adun Jastorf a zamanin Nordic Bronze Age ko farkon zamanin Iron<ref>, Peter. "Germany: Ancient History". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Archived from the original on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2020.</ref> <ref> Germanic Tribes (Teutons)". History Files. Archived from the original on 26 April 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.</ref>. Daga kudancin Scandinavia da arewacin Jamus, sun faɗaɗa kudu, gabas da yamma, suna hulɗa da kabilun Celtic, Iran, Baltic, da Slavic.<ref> Medieval Experience: 300–1400</ref> <ref>The Handbook of Language Contact </ref> Jama'ar Celtic ne ke zaune a Kudancin Jamus, waɗanda suka kasance na al'adun La Tène mai faɗi. Daga baya sai mayaƙan Jamusawa suka haɗa su. <ref> Heather, Peter</ref> A karkashin Augustus, daular Roma ta fara mamaye ƙasashen da ƙabilun Jamusawa ke zaune, wanda ya haifar da ɗan gajeren lokaci na lardin Roma na Jamus tsakanin kogin Rhine da Elbe. A cikin 9 AD, Arminius ya ci sojojin Roma uku a yakin dajin Teutoburg. <ref>978-0-393-35203-0</ref> <ref> "The Ambush That Changed History" </ref> Sakamakon wannan yakin ya kawar da [[Romawa na Da|Romawa]] daga burinsu na cin Jamusanci, don haka ana daukar su daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin Turai.<ref> Early Germanic Literature and Culture </ref> . A shekara ta 100 AD, lokacin da Tacitus ya rubuta Germania, kabilun Jamus sun zauna tare da Rhine da Danube (Limes Germanicus), suna mamaye yawancin Jamus na zamani.<ref> "Frontiers of the Roman Empire – The Lower German Limes" </ref> Koyaya, Baden-Württemberg, kudancin Bavaria, kudancin Hesse da yammacin Rhineland an haɗa su cikin lardunan Roman.<ref> been incorporated </ref> <ref> "The Ancient Germans: Their History, Constitution, Religion, Manners and Customs" </ref> <ref> "Germany" </ref> Kusan 260, jama'ar Jamus sun shiga cikin ƙasashen Romawa.<ref> ISBN </ref> Bayan mamayewa na Hun a cikin 375, kuma tare da raguwar Roma daga 395, kabilun Jamus sun koma kudu maso yamma: Franks sun kafa Mulkin Frankish kuma suka tura gabas don mamaye Saxony da Bavaria. Ƙabilun Slavic na Yamma suna zaune a yankunan gabashin Jamus na zamani.<ref> 978-0-521-36836-0 </ref> {{stub}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Ƙasā̀shē]] [[Category:Tūrai]] [[Category:Mukaloli marasa hujja]] hc9q465hmvm30ge77iok3fdi04zmpyd 828 5684 915462 71422 2026-09-03T12:53:49Z Hamish 10444 Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/enwiki/Q15408619|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]] 915462 Scribunto text/plain ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- TableTools -- -- -- -- This module includes a number of functions for dealing with Lua tables. -- -- It is a meta-module, meant to be called from other Lua modules, and should not -- -- be called directly from #invoke. -- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local p = {} -- Define often-used variables and functions. local floor = math.floor local infinity = math.huge local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeMulti = libraryUtil.checkTypeMulti ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isPositiveInteger -- -- This function returns true if the given value is a positive integer, and false -- if not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is -- useful for determining whether a given table key is in the array part or the -- hash part of a table. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isPositiveInteger(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v >= 1 and floor(v) == v and v < infinity end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isNan -- -- This function returns true if the given number is a NaN value, and false if -- not. Although it doesn't operate on tables, it is included here as it is useful -- for determining whether a value can be a valid table key. Lua will generate an -- error if a NaN is used as a table key. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isNan(v) return type(v) == 'number' and v ~= v end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- shallowClone -- -- This returns a clone of a table. The value returned is a new table, but all -- subtables and functions are shared. Metamethods are respected, but the returned -- table will have no metatable of its own. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.shallowClone(t) checkType('shallowClone', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do ret[k] = v end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- removeDuplicates -- -- This removes duplicate values from an array. Non-positive-integer keys are -- ignored. The earliest value is kept, and all subsequent duplicate values are -- removed, but otherwise the array order is unchanged. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.removeDuplicates(arr) checkType('removeDuplicates', 1, arr, 'table') local isNan = p.isNan local ret, exists = {}, {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if isNan(v) then -- NaNs can't be table keys, and they are also unique, so we don't need to check existence. ret[#ret + 1] = v elseif not exists[v] then ret[#ret + 1] = v exists[v] = true end end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numKeys -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of any numerical -- keys that have non-nil values, sorted in numerical order. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numKeys(t) checkType('numKeys', 1, t, 'table') local isPositiveInteger = p.isPositiveInteger local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if isPositiveInteger(k) then nums[#nums + 1] = k end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- affixNums -- -- This takes a table and returns an array containing the numbers of keys with the -- specified prefix and suffix. For example, for the table -- {a1 = 'foo', a3 = 'bar', a6 = 'baz'} and the prefix "a", affixNums will return -- {1, 3, 6}. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.affixNums(t, prefix, suffix) checkType('affixNums', 1, t, 'table') checkType('affixNums', 2, prefix, 'string', true) checkType('affixNums', 3, suffix, 'string', true) local function cleanPattern(s) -- Cleans a pattern so that the magic characters ()%.[]*+-?^$ are interpreted literally. return s:gsub('([%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%^%$])', '%%%1') end prefix = prefix or '' suffix = suffix or '' prefix = cleanPattern(prefix) suffix = cleanPattern(suffix) local pattern = '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)' .. suffix .. '$' local nums = {} for k in pairs(t) do if type(k) == 'string' then local num = mw.ustring.match(k, pattern) if num then nums[#nums + 1] = tonumber(num) end end end table.sort(nums) return nums end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- numData -- -- Given a table with keys like {"foo1", "bar1", "foo2", "baz2"}, returns a table -- of subtables in the format -- {[1] = {foo = 'text', bar = 'text'}, [2] = {foo = 'text', baz = 'text'}}. -- Keys that don't end with an integer are stored in a subtable named "other". The -- compress option compresses the table so that it can be iterated over with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.numData(t, compress) checkType('numData', 1, t, 'table') checkType('numData', 2, compress, 'boolean', true) local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(t) do local prefix, num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^([^0-9]*)([1-9][0-9]*)$') if num then num = tonumber(num) local subtable = ret[num] or {} if prefix == '' then -- Positional parameters match the blank string; put them at the start of the subtable instead. prefix = 1 end subtable[prefix] = v ret[num] = subtable else local subtable = ret.other or {} subtable[k] = v ret.other = subtable end end if compress then local other = ret.other ret = p.compressSparseArray(ret) ret.other = other end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- compressSparseArray -- -- This takes an array with one or more nil values, and removes the nil values -- while preserving the order, so that the array can be safely traversed with -- ipairs. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.compressSparseArray(t) checkType('compressSparseArray', 1, t, 'table') local ret = {} local nums = p.numKeys(t) for _, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = t[num] end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseIpairs -- -- This is an iterator for sparse arrays. It can be used like ipairs, but can -- handle nil values. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseIpairs(t) checkType('sparseIpairs', 1, t, 'table') local nums = p.numKeys(t) local i = 0 local lim = #nums return function () i = i + 1 if i <= lim then local key = nums[i] return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- size -- -- This returns the size of a key/value pair table. It will also work on arrays, -- but for arrays it is more efficient to use the # operator. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.size(t) checkType('size', 1, t, 'table') local i = 0 for _ in pairs(t) do i = i + 1 end return i end local function defaultKeySort(item1, item2) -- "number" < "string", so numbers will be sorted before strings. local type1, type2 = type(item1), type(item2) if type1 ~= type2 then return type1 < type2 elseif type1 == 'table' or type1 == 'boolean' or type1 == 'function' then return tostring(item1) < tostring(item2) else return item1 < item2 end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- keysToList -- -- Returns an array of the keys in a table, sorted using either a default -- comparison function or a custom keySort function. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.keysToList(t, keySort, checked) if not checked then checkType('keysToList', 1, t, 'table') checkTypeMulti('keysToList', 2, keySort, {'function', 'boolean', 'nil'}) end local arr = {} local index = 1 for k in pairs(t) do arr[index] = k index = index + 1 end if keySort ~= false then keySort = type(keySort) == 'function' and keySort or defaultKeySort table.sort(arr, keySort) end return arr end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sortedPairs -- -- Iterates through a table, with the keys sorted using the keysToList function. -- If there are only numerical keys, sparseIpairs is probably more efficient. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sortedPairs(t, keySort) checkType('sortedPairs', 1, t, 'table') checkType('sortedPairs', 2, keySort, 'function', true) local arr = p.keysToList(t, keySort, true) local i = 0 return function () i = i + 1 local key = arr[i] if key ~= nil then return key, t[key] else return nil, nil end end end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArray -- -- Returns true if the given value is a table and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArray(v) if type(v) ~= 'table' then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- isArrayLike -- -- Returns true if the given value is iterable and all keys are consecutive -- integers starting at 1. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.isArrayLike(v) if not pcall(pairs, v) then return false end local i = 0 for _ in pairs(v) do i = i + 1 if v[i] == nil then return false end end return true end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- invert -- -- Transposes the keys and values in an array. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = 1, b = 2, c = 3}. Duplicates are not supported (result values refer to -- the index of the last duplicate) and NaN values are ignored. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.invert(arr) checkType("invert", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local map = {} for i, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then map[v] = i end end return map end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- listToSet -- -- Creates a set from the array part of the table. Indexing the set by any of the -- values of the array returns true. For example, {"a", "b", "c"} -> -- {a = true, b = true, c = true}. NaN values are ignored as Lua considers them -- never equal to any value (including other NaNs or even themselves). ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.listToSet(arr) checkType("listToSet", 1, arr, "table") local isNan = p.isNan local set = {} for _, v in ipairs(arr) do if not isNan(v) then set[v] = true end end return set end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- deepCopy -- -- Recursive deep copy function. Preserves identities of subtables. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ local function _deepCopy(orig, includeMetatable, already_seen) if type(orig) ~= "table" then return orig end -- already_seen stores copies of tables indexed by the original table. local copy = already_seen[orig] if copy ~= nil then return copy end copy = {} already_seen[orig] = copy -- memoize before any recursion, to avoid infinite loops for orig_key, orig_value in pairs(orig) do copy[_deepCopy(orig_key, includeMetatable, already_seen)] = _deepCopy(orig_value, includeMetatable, already_seen) end if includeMetatable then local mt = getmetatable(orig) if mt ~= nil then setmetatable(copy, _deepCopy(mt, true, already_seen)) end end return copy end function p.deepCopy(orig, noMetatable, already_seen) checkType("deepCopy", 3, already_seen, "table", true) return _deepCopy(orig, not noMetatable, already_seen or {}) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- sparseConcat -- -- Concatenates all values in the table that are indexed by a number, in order. -- sparseConcat{a, nil, c, d} => "acd" -- sparseConcat{nil, b, c, d} => "bcd" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.sparseConcat(t, sep, i, j) local arr = {} local arr_i = 0 for _, v in p.sparseIpairs(t) do arr_i = arr_i + 1 arr[arr_i] = v end return table.concat(arr, sep, i, j) end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- length -- -- Finds the length of an array, or of a quasi-array with keys such as "data1", -- "data2", etc., using an exponential search algorithm. It is similar to the -- operator #, but may return a different value when there are gaps in the array -- portion of the table. Intended to be used on data loaded with mw.loadData. For -- other tables, use #. -- Note: #frame.args in frame object always be set to 0, regardless of the number -- of unnamed template parameters, so use this function for frame.args. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.length(t, prefix) -- requiring module inline so that [[Module:Exponential search]] which is -- only needed by this one function doesn't get millions of transclusions local expSearch = require("Module:Exponential search") checkType('length', 1, t, 'table') checkType('length', 2, prefix, 'string', true) return expSearch(function (i) local key if prefix then key = prefix .. tostring(i) else key = i end return t[key] ~= nil end) or 0 end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- inArray -- -- Returns true if searchElement is a member of the array, and false otherwise. -- Equivalent to JavaScript array.includes(searchElement) or -- array.includes(searchElement, fromIndex), except fromIndex is 1 indexed ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.inArray(array, searchElement, fromIndex) checkType("inArray", 1, array, "table") -- if searchElement is nil, error? fromIndex = tonumber(fromIndex) if fromIndex then if (fromIndex < 0) then fromIndex = #array + fromIndex + 1 end if fromIndex < 1 then fromIndex = 1 end for _, v in ipairs({unpack(array, fromIndex)}) do if v == searchElement then return true end end else for _, v in pairs(array) do if v == searchElement then return true end end end return false end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- merge -- -- Given the arrays, returns an array containing the elements of each input array -- in sequence. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.merge(...) local arrays = {...} local ret = {} for i, arr in ipairs(arrays) do checkType('merge', i, arr, 'table') for _, v in ipairs(arr) do ret[#ret + 1] = v end end return ret end ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- extend -- -- Extends the first array in place by appending all elements from the second -- array. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ function p.extend(arr1, arr2) checkType('extend', 1, arr1, 'table') checkType('extend', 2, arr2, 'table') for _, v in ipairs(arr2) do arr1[#arr1 + 1] = v end end return p 4n03zk6kcoeg4gz82mieeh94c1szcjy 0 6553 915515 885631 2026-09-03T13:56:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Dauroh Qur'an.jpg|thumb|masu karatun alqur'ani mai girma]] [[Image:Touba3.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Sheikh Aliy Hemed’s manuscript Swahili tafsīr of the first six sūras.jpg|thumb|'''Al-Qur'ani''']] [[Fayil:Khatam Al-Qur'an di Bulan Ramadhan.jpg|thumb|'''Khatam Al-Qur'an di Bulan Ramadhan.''']] [[Fayil:Safavid Qur'an (TIEM 531).jpg|thumb|Qur'an]] == '''Al-Qur'ani'''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran</ref>: == [[Fayil:Folio from a Koran (8th-9th century).jpg|thumb|rubutun cikin alkur ani]] [[Fayil:Quran kareem orange logo.png|thumb|bangon Alkur ani]] (Larabci; القرآن al-Qur'an) ko kuma [[Al'Qur'ani]] mai girma kamar yanda akasani, Shine littafin da Allah ya saukar a harshen Annabin Rahama, wato larabci, kuma shine littafin da Allah ya rufe saukar da duk wani littafi mai tsarki a bayansa, (babu littafin da Allah zai sake saukarwa a bayansa) kamar yadda Allah ya saukar ga Annabawan da suka gabata, domin [[Annabi Muhammadu]] (S A w) shine cika makin Annabawan Allah.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tabari</ref><ref>https://aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-about%E2%80%91islam/islam%E2%80%91final%E2%80%91message%E2%80%91quran%E2%80%91last%E2%80%91testament/{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://islamhouse.com/read/en/the-last-revelation-2827843</ref><ref>https://www.masjidulmumineen.org.tt/revelation-wahy-the-belief-that-the-quran-is-the-final-unaltered-word-of-allah/</ref><ref>https://quranhouse.org/en/article/1871</ref><ref>https://www.islamreligion.com/article/pdf/2652</ref><ref>https://www.islamandquran.org/fatwas/the-quran-the-final-link-of-divine-revelation.html</ref><ref>https://quransubjects.wordpress.com/2019/12/03/muhammad-seal/</ref><ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.164.1.0065</ref><ref>https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/1/4</ref><ref>https://aboutislam.net/counseling/ask-about-islam/why-didnt-god-preserve-the-previous-books/</ref> [[Fayil:Qur'an manuscript Surat al-Nisa'. (1).tif|thumb|Surat al-Nisa']] Wanda Allah ya saukar da ayoyinsa ga Annabin [[musulunci]] Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W) ta hannun [[mala'ika]] [[Mala`ika Jibril|Jibrilu]]. A cikin aƙidar [[Musulunci]], Qur'ani shi ne mafi muhimmanci kuma mafi girman mu'ujizar [[Annabi Muhammadu|Annabi Muhammad]] (S.A.W), yana tabbatar da cewa [[Muhammad|Annabi Muhammad]] (S.A.W) Manzone na gaskiya.<ref>dictionary.reference.com: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Koran koran]</ref><ref>https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/90933/how%E2%80%91the%E2%80%91quran%E2%80%91was%E2%80%91revealed%E2%80%91from%E2%80%91allaah%E2%80%91to%E2%80%91his%E2%80%91prophet</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran</ref><ref>https://www.islamreligion.com/articles/150/viewall/miracles-of-muhammad-part-1</ref><ref>https://islamhouse.com/read/en/the-last-revelation-2827843</ref><ref>https://islamhouse.com/read/en/the-last-revelation-2827843</ref><ref>https://qurantalkblog.com/2023/04/17/muhammads-only-miracle/</ref> Shari'ar Musulunci, wacce kuma ake kira [[sharia]], ta dogara ne akan Qur'ani (Madogararsa na Farko), shine littafin da [[musulmai]] suke karantawa, kuma suke aiki dashi, tare da hadisai Waɗanda suke sune maganar da tafito daga harshen Annabi Muhammad (s, a, w). Musulmai suna karanta ayoyin kur'ani daban-daban a cikin addu'o'insu.<ref>Bell, Richard; Watt, William Montgomery (1970). Bell's introduction to the Qurʼān. Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-0597-2.</ref> Lafiyayyan hankali da tsaftataccen tunani na ɗan Adam da ayyuka na yau da kullum sun tabbatar da cewa kur'ani ya bada cikakkiyar kulawa da kariya ta fuskar hakkin dan adam na duniya, da 'yancin dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iusinitinere.it/clash-between-sharia-law-and-human-rights-in-light-of-pace-resolution-2253-23827 |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-12-21 |archive-date=2021-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628085621/https://www.iusinitinere.it/clash-between-sharia-law-and-human-rights-in-light-of-pace-resolution-2253-23827 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Qur'ani sannan kuma kuyi shiru. Malamin ya bayar da misalin cewa akwai kuskuren da direbobi ke yi na kunna Al'Qur'ani cikin mota sannan mutane kuma suna ta yin surutu, ya ce wannan zunubi yake samu ba lada ba. Wane abu ne zai sa mutum ya karanta Al'Qur'ani bai samu lada ba? Malam Abubakar Abdullahi Goran Namaye ya ce babban abin da zai sa mutum ya karanta Qur'ani sannan ya kasa samun lada shi ne ya yi ba don Allah ba. Ya ce ko da a ce mutum yana karantawa yana samun kuskure hakan ba zai hana ya samu lada ba, inda ya ce mutum zai samu lada biyu. Ya kuma ce abin da ke tauye ladan mai karatun Qur'ani shi ne karatu ba tare da ya je gaban Malami ya koya masa ba. Har ila yau, Malamin addinin Musuluncin ya ce wani abu da zai sa mutum ya kasa samun lada idan ya karanta Qur'ani shi ne karatu a wajen da babu tsarki kamar shiga bayi. "Wani abu kuma da zai sa a rasa samun lada shi ne mutum ya je cikin kasuwa ya buɗe murya ya yi ta karanta Qur'ani mai girma alhalin ana hayaniya, wannan zunubi mutum zai samu maimakon lada," in ji Malam Abubakar Goran Namaye. == Pohtona: == <gallery> File:Ibn al-Bawwab - Qur'ani mai girma f. 278v-279r.jpg|thumb|Mushafin Ibn al-Bawwab. File:Quran Surah Al Kahf.png|thumb|surah daga cikin surorin alkur'ani, al-Kahf File:Birmingham Quran manuscript.jpg|thumb|Mushafin al-qurani tun karni na 7 shekara ɗari (100) bayan wafatin Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S,A,W) a Birmingham ƙasar Ingila File:The Mushaf of Imam Ali.jpg|thumb|mushaf din Imam Ali RA File:Qur'ans.jpg|thumb|Bugun Qur'ani a 1907 File:المخطط الصغير للقراءات الأربعة عشر بالعربية والإنجليزية.pdf|thumb|Rubutun qurani a warsh da [[turanci]] File:Melaka Al-Quran Museum - Exhibition Hall.jpg|thumb|Dakin alkur'anai a Meseum din al-Quran a Melaka. </gallery> Musulmai sun yi imani da cewa Allah ne ya saukar da Alkur’ani da baki ga annabin, Musulunci na karshe Muhammad(S.A.W) ta hannun Mala’ika Jibrilu a cikin shekaru kusan 23, wanda ya fara daga daren Lailatul ƙadari, lokacin annabi Muhammadu ( s,a,w) yana da shekaru 40, kuma ya kare a shekara ta (632) wato shekarar rasuwarsa. Musulmai suna ɗaukar Alkur'ani a matsayin Mu'ujiza mafi muhimmanci na Annabi Muhammadu(S.A.W), hujjar Annabcinsa, da kuma cikar jerin sakwannin Ubangiji da aka fara da waɗanda aka saukar wa Annabin Musulunci na farko annabi Adam(a w)ciki har da littattafan Musulunci masu tsarki na Attaura, Zabura, da Linjila. Musulmai sun yi imani cewa Alkur'ani magana ce ta Ubangiji da ke ba da cikakkiyar ka'ida ta kowane fanni na rayuwa. Wannan ya sa malaman tauhidi musulmi suka yi ta muhawara mai zafi kan ko an halicce shi ne ko kuma ba a halicce shi ba. Bisa ga al'ada, da yawa daga cikin sahabban Annabi. Muhammadu(S.A.W) sun yi aiki a matsayin marubuta, suna rubuta ayoyin. Jim kadan bayan wafatin Muhammad, sahabbai suka rubuta ko haddace Alqurani bisa umarnin khalifa na farko Abubakar (r.632–634). Halifa Uthman (r. 644–656) ya kafa daidaitaccen sigar, wanda a yanzu ake kiransa da Uthmanic codex, wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin nau'in Alqur'ani da aka sani a yau. Akwai, duk da haka, bambance-bambancen karatu, tare da wasu bambance-bambancen. Al-Qur'ani shine mu'ujizan shugaban mu Annabi Muhammadu(S.A.W) mafi muhimmanci, hujjar annabcinsa, da kuma ƙarshen jerin saƙon Ubangiji waɗanda aka fara daga waɗanda aka saukar wa annabin . Musulunci na farko Adam, waɗanda suka haɗa da littattafan Islama masu tsarki na Attaura, Zabura, da Linjila. Kur'ani ya ɗauka cewa mai karatu ya san manyan labaran da aka ba su a cikin nassosin Littafi Mai-Tsarki da na Afokirifa. Yana taƙaita wasu, ya daɗe a kan wasu kuma, a wasu lokuta, yana gabatar da madadin lissafi da fassarar abubuwan da suka faru. Alqurani ya siffanta kansa a matsayin littafin shiriya ga mutane (2:185). Wani lokaci yana ba da cikakkun bayanai game da takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi, kuma sau da yawa yana jaddada mahimmancin ɗabi'a na wani lamari akan jerin labaransa. Bayanai akan Alƙur'ani mai tsarki tare da bayani kan wasu ruwayoyin Kur'ani masu ɓarna, da hukunce-hukuncen da su ma suka samar da tushen shari'ar Musulunci a mafi yawan ƙungiyoyin Islama, hadisai ne—hadisai na baka da na rubutu waɗanda aka gaskata suna bayyana kalmomi da ayyukan shugaban mu Annabi Muhammadu(S.A.W). A lokacin addu'o'in, ana karanta Al-Qur'ani da Larabci kawai. Wanda ya haddace Alqur'ani gaba daya ana kiransa da [[Hafizi]], ana karanta ayoyi tare da wani nau'i na musamman da aka tanada don wannan dalili mai suna tajwidi. A cikin watan Ramadan, Musulmai sukan kammala karatun Al-Qur'ani gaba daya a lokacin sallar tarawihi, domin fitar da ma'anar wata aya ta Kur'ani, Musulmai sun dogara da tafsiri, ko tafsiri maimakon fassarar nassi kai tsaye. == Asali da Ma'ana: == Kalmar kur’ani ta zo kusan sau 70 a cikin Alkur’ani da kansa, yana daukar ma’anoni daban-daban. Sunan fi'ili ne (maṣdar) na larabci fi'ili qara'a (قرأ) ma'ana 'ya karanta' ko 'ya karanta'. Daidai da Syriac shine qeryānā (ܩܪܝܢܐ), wanda ke nufin 'karanta nassi' ko 'darasi'. Yayin da wasu malaman yammacin duniya ke ganin kalmar ta samo asali ne daga harshen Syriac, mafi yawan mahukuntan musulmi suna ganin asalin kalmar qara’a ce. Ko da kuwa, ya zama kalmar Larabci ta rayuwar Annabi Muhammadu(S.A.W). Muhimmiyar ma'anar kalmar ita ce 'karanta', kamar yadda ya zo a cikin wani nassin Alqur'ani na farko: "Mu ne mu tattara ta mu karanta ta (Qur'anahu)."<ref>https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Quran_%28Koran%29</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikiquran.info/index.php?title=Quran |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-29 |archive-date=2025-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926095437/https://en.wikiquran.info/index.php?title=Quran |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.liquisearch.com/quran/etymology_and_meaning |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-06-29 |archive-date=2025-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629192736/https://www.liquisearch.com/quran/etymology_and_meaning |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.etymonline.com/word/Quran</ref><ref>https://etymologyworld.com/item/quran</ref> A cikin wasu ayoyin, kalmar tana nufin 'wani nassi ɗaya wanda Annabi Muhammad ya karanta. An ga mahallinsa a wurare da dama, misali: ''"To idan an karanta al-qur'ani ku saurare shi kuma ku yi shiru."'' Kalmar kuma na iya ɗaukar ma'anar nassin da aka tsara yayin da aka ambata shi tare da wasu nassosi kamar Attaura da Linjila. Haka nan kalmar tana da ma'anoni ma'ana waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin Alƙur'ani. Kowane ma'anar yana da nasa ma'anarsa daban-daban, amma amfani da shi yana iya haɗuwa da na kur'ani a wasu wurare. Irin waɗannan kalmomin sun haɗa da kitāb ('littafi'), āyah ('alami'), da sūrah ('nassi'); Kalmomin biyun na ƙarshe kuma suna nuna raka'o'in wahayi. A cikin mafi yawan mahallin, yawanci tare da takamaiman labarin (al-), ana kiran kalmar da wahy ('wahayi'), abin da aka "sauka" (tanzīl) a tazara. Sauran kalmomin da ke da alaƙa sun haɗa da: zikiri ('zikiri'), waɗanda ake amfani da su cikin Alqur'ani a ma'anar tunatarwa da gargaɗi; da ḥikmah ('hikima'), wani lokaci suna nufin wahayi ko sashinsa. Al-Qur'ani ya siffanta kansa a matsayin 'fahimi' (al-furqan), 'littafin uwa' (umm al-kitāb), 'jariya' (huda), 'hikima' (hikmah), 'zikiri' (zikr) , da kuma 'wahayi' (tanzīl; 'wani abu da aka saukar', yana nuna saukowar abu daga wuri mafi girma zuwa ƙasa). Wata kalma ita ce al-kitāb ('Littafi'), ko da yake ana amfani da shi a cikin harshen Larabci don wasu nassosi, kamar Attaura da Linjila. Ana amfani da kalmar mus'haf ('aiki rubutacce') sau da yawa don yin nuni ga wasu rubuce-rubucen kur'ani amma kuma ana amfani da shi a cikin Kur'ani don gano littattafan da aka saukar da farko. == Tarihi: == == Zamanin Annabci; == Hadisan Islama ya nuna cewa Annani [[Muhammad]] ya sami wahayi na farko a cikin shekara ta 610 AZ a cikin kogon Hira a daren lailatul kadari a lokacin daya ke cikin keɓantaccen wuri akan tsaunuka. Bayan haka, ya sami wahayi na tsawon shekaru 23. Kamar yadda hadisi (hadisin Muhammad)[f] da tarihin musulmi suka nuna, bayan da Amnabi Muhammadu da mabiyansa suka yi hijira zuwa [[Madina]] suka kafa al’ummar musulmi masu zaman kansu, ya umarci sahabbansa da dama da su karanta Alqur’ani da koyi da karantar da shari’o’i, wadanda suka yi hijira zuwa Madina. An bayyana kullum, an ruwaito cewa wasu daga cikin Kuraishawa da aka kama fursuna a yakin Badar sun sami ‘yanci bayan da suka koya wa wasu daga cikin musulmi rubutun sauki na lokacin. Ta haka ne a hankali rukuni na musulmi suka zama masu karatu. Kamar yadda aka fara magana, an rubuta Alqur'ani a kan alluna, da ƙasusuwa, da faɗin ƙusoshin dabino. Yawancin surori (kuma yawanci ana fassara su da Surah) an yi amfani da su a tsakanin Musulmai na farko tun da yake an ambace su a cikin maganganu masu yawa ga Ahlus Sunna suna magana game da yadda Annabu Muhammadu ya yi amfani da Alkur'ani a matsayin kira zuwa ga Musulunci, yin addu'a da kuma yadda ake karantawa. Duk da haka, Kur'ani bai wanzu a cikin littafi ba a lokacin wafatin Annabi Muhammadu a shekarar 632 yana da shekaru 61-62. Akwai yarjejeniya tsakanin malamai cewa Annabi Muhammadu da kansa bai rubuta wahayin ba. Littafin [[Sahihul Bukhariy]] ya ruwaito cewa Annabi [[Muhammad]] yana siffanta ayoyin da cewa: “Wani lokaci yakan kasance (saukarwa) kamar karar kararrawa” kuma A’isha ta ce: “Na ga Annabi ana yi masa wahayi zuwa ga Ubangiji a rana mai tsananin sanyi, sai na ga gumi na fita daga gare shi. goshinsa (yayin da wahayi ya ƙare).” [g] Muhammadu wahayi na farko, bisa ga Kur’ani, yana tare da hangen nesa. An ambaci wakilin wahayi da cewa “Mabuwayi Mai ƙarfi,” wanda “Ya bayyana a lokacin da yake a sararin sama maɗaukaki, sa’an nan kuma ya kusance sa, kuma ya sauko har ya kasance tsayin rukunai biyu ko da yake mafi kusa." Masanin ilimin addinin Islama Welch ya fada a cikin '''Encyclopaedia of Islam''' cewa ya yi imanin cewa za a iya ɗaukar bayanin yanayin Muhammadu a zahiri a matsayin gaskiya, domin ya damu sosai bayan waɗannan ayoyin. A cewar Welch, da waɗanda ke kewaye da shi za su iya ganin waɗannan kame a matsayin tabbataccen shaida na tushen wahayin Muhammadu fiye da ɗan adam. Duk da haka, masu sukar Muhammadu sun zarge shi da cewa shi mallaki ne, boka, ko mai sihiri tunda abubuwan da ya faru sun yi kama da waɗanda irin waɗannan mutane suka yi da'awa a zamanin Larabawa. Welch ya kuma bayyana cewa har yanzu babu tabbas ko waɗannan abubuwan sun faru ne kafin ko bayan da'awar farko da Annabi Muhammadu ya yi na Annabci. Kur'aniarshedar Musulunci, an saukar da Kur'ani ga Muhammadu a cikin ahruf bakwai daban-daban (ma'anar haruffa; duk da haka, yana iya nufin yaruka, sifofi, ko salo). Mafi yawan malaman musulunci sun yarda cewa wadannan ahrufan mabambanta alkur'ani guda ne da aka saukar a yarukan larabci guda bakwai kuma ba sa canza ma'anar kur'ani wanda manufarsa ita ce saukaka karatun kur'ani da hadda. A tsakanin kabilun Larabawa daban-daban. Gara guda ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin bakwai ɗin ya tsira kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi, wanda ake kyautata zaton yaren kuraishawa ne. Yayin da musulmi 'yan Sunna suka yi imani da ahrufi bakwai, wasu 'yan Shi'a sun yi watsi da ra'ayin bambance-bambancen Kur'ani guda bakwai. Kuskuren da aka saba shi ne cewa ahrufi bakwai da Qira’at daya ne. == Tattara da Kiyayewa(Adanawa): == Bayan wafatin Shugaban mu Annabi [[Muhammadu]](S.A.W) a shekara ta 632, Musaylima ya kashe wasu sahabbansa da suka haddace Al-Qur'ani a yakin al-Yamama. Khalifan farko Abubakar (r.632-634) daga baya ya yanke shawarar tattara littafin a juzu’i guda domin a kiyaye shi[43]. Zaid bn Thabit (d. 655) shi ne wanda ya tattara Alqur’ani tunda “ya kasance yana rubuta wahayi zuwa ga manzon Allah don adanawa. Don haka, gungun marubuta, mafi mahimmanci, Zaid, suka tattara ayoyin, suka samar da rubutun da hannu na cikakken littafin. Rubutun a cewar Zaid ya kasance tare da Abubakar har ya rasu. Halin da Zaid ya yi game da wannan aiki da wahalhalun da ake samu wajen tattara kayan Alqur’ani daga fatu, da ’ya’yan itatuwan dabino, da sirararan duwatsu (wanda aka fi sani da suhuf, duk wani rubutaccen aiki da ya qunshi koyarwar Ubangiji) da kuma na mazajen da suka san shi da zuciya daya ya zo a cikin ruwayoyin farko. A shekara ta 644, matar Muhammad(S.A.W) Hafsa bint Umar ta kasance aka ba ta littafin har sai da halifa na uku, Uthman (r.644-656) ya bukaci a ba ta misali. A cewar masanin [[tarihi]] Michael Cook, ruwayoyin musulmi na farko game da tarawa da harhada Alqur’ani a wasu lokuta suna cin karo da kansu: “Yawancinsu… suna sanya Uthman kadan fiye da edita watau mai gyare-gyare, amma akwai wadanda a cikinsu ya bayyana a matsayin mai tattarawa, yana jan hankalin mutane su kawo masa wani abu daga cikin Alqur’ani da suka mallaka”. Wasu kuma "sun ba da shawarar cewa a gaskiya kayan" Abu Bakr ya yi aiki da "an riga an tattara su", wanda tun da shi ne halifa na farko, yana nufin an tattara su lokacin da Annabin musulunci Muhammadu (S.A.W) yana da [[rai]]. Qira'at wacce hanya ce da kuma hanyar karatun Alqur'ani an inganta ta ne daga baya. Karatun littafai guda goma ne kuma kada a rude su da ahruf. ‘Yan Shi’a suna karatun Alqur’ani ne bisa Qira’at Hafs a kan ‘Asim, wadda ita ce qira’ar da ta yadu a duniyar Musulunci kuma sun yi imani da cewa Muhammadu ne ya tattara Alqur’ani kuma ya harhada shi a lokacin rayuwarsa. Ana da'awar cewa Shi'a na da hadisai sama da 1,000 da aka jingina ga Imaman Shi'a wadanda ke nuni da gurbatar Alkur'ani kuma a cewar Etan Kohlberg, wannan akida game da Alkur'ani ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin 'yan Shi'a a farkon karni na Musulunci. A ra’ayinsa, Ibn Babawayh shi ne babban marubuci ‘yan-sha-biyu na farko “wanda ya dauki matsayi mai kama da na Ahlus-Sunnah” kuma canjin ya samo asali ne daga “tashin halifancin Ahlus-Sunnah Abbasiyyah,” inda a nan ne imani da fasadi na Ahlus-Sunnah. Al-Qur'ani ya zama wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba bisa ga matsayin Ahlus-Sunnah "Al'ada". An yi ta karkata akalar da ake zargin an yi ne don kawar da duk wata alaka da haqqin Ali da Imamai da magoya bayansu da rashin yarda da maqiya kamar Umayyawa da Abbasiyawa. Wasu kwafin Alqur'ani mai yiwuwa sun wanzu ciki har da na Ibn Mas'ud da na Ubay ibn Ka'b, babu ɗayansu a yau. == Binciken Ilimi: == Tun da Musulmai na iya ɗaukar sukar Kur'ani a matsayin laifi na ridda da hukuncin kisa a ƙarƙashin shari'a, da alama ba zai yiwu a gudanar da bincike kan Kur'ani wanda ya wuce sukar nassi ba. Har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, malaman Islama wadanda ba musulmi ba - alhali ba su yarda da bayanin al'ada na tsoma bakin Ubangiji ba - sun yarda da labarin asalin al'ada da aka ambata a sama da cikakkun bayanai. Farfesa Fred Donner na Jami'ar Chicago ya ce: ''A nan ne farkon ƙoƙari na kafa nassin Kur'ani mai ɗaiɗai ɗaya daga abin da ya kasance mafi girman rukuni na nassosi masu alaƙa a farkon watsawa.…'' , da duk rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata—duk da bambance-bambancen su—da alama sun wanzu har zuwa lokacin da aka kafa wannan madaidaicin rubutun baƙaƙe. Ko da yake an daina watsa yawancin karatun nassin Alqur'ani, wasu har yanzu suna nan. Babu wani nassi mai mahimmanci da aka samar wanda za a iya dogara da shi na sake gina nassin Alqur'ani[j]. A shekara ta 1972, a wani masallaci a birnin Sana'a na kasar Yemen, an gano rubuce-rubucen "da suka kunshi guda 12,000" wadanda daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa su ne nassin kur'ani mafi dadewa da aka san akwai su a lokacin. Rubutun Sana’a na ɗauke da takalmi, shafukan rubutun da aka cire rubutun daga gare su don sake yin amfani da fatun—al’adar da aka saba yi a zamanin dā saboda ƙarancin kayan rubutu. Koyaya, ƙaramin rubutun da aka wanke (scriptio inferior) har yanzu ba a ganuwa. Nazarin da aka yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar radiocarbon ya nuna cewa fakitin an rubuta su tun kafin shekarar 671 AZ tare da yuwuwar kashi 99 cikin ɗari. Masanin nan dan kasar Jamus Gerd R. Puin ya shafe shekaru yana binciken wadannan gutsutsutsun kur'ani. Tawagar bincikensa ta yi hotuna 35,000 microfilm na rubuce-rubucen, wanda ya yi kwanan wata a farkon karni na 8th. Puin ya lura da odar ayoyin da ba na al'ada ba, ƙananan bambance-bambancen rubutu, da kuma salon rubutu da ba safai ba, kuma ya nuna cewa wasu fakitin fatun ne da aka sake amfani da su. Puin ya yi imanin cewa wannan yana nufin wani rubutu mai tasowa sabanin ƙayyadadden rubutu. A shekarar 2015, an gano folio guda na kur'ani mai girma, tun shekaru 1370 da suka gabata, a dakin karatu na jami'ar Birmingham da ke Ingila. Dangane da gwaje-gwajen da Sashen Hanzarta Radiyo Carbon na Jami'ar Oxford suka yi, "tare da yuwuwar fiye da 95%, fatun ya kasance tsakanin 568 da 645". An rubuta rubutun a cikin rubutun Hijazi, farkon nau'in rubutaccen Larabci. Wannan mai yiyuwa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin misalan Alƙur'ani, amma kamar yadda gwaje-gwajen suka ba da damar adadin kwanakin da za a iya yi, ba za a iya cewa da tabbacin wanne ne mafi tsufa a cikin sifofin da ake da su ba. Masanin kasar Saudiyya Saud al-Sarhan ya bayyana shakku kan shekarun gutsuttsuran saboda suna dauke da dige-dige da masu raba babin da ake kyautata zaton sun samo asali ne daga baya. Rubutun Birmingham ya haifar da farin ciki a tsakanin muminai saboda yuwuwar sa tare da babban al'adar tsawon rayuwar Muhammad c. shekara ta 570 zuwa shekarar 632 CE kuma an yi amfani da shi azaman shaida don tallafawa hikima ta al'ada da kuma karyata ra'ayoyin masu bita da ke bayyana bincike da ra'ayoyi daban-daban daga tsarin gargajiya na farkon tarihin Alqur'ani da Musulunci. == Abubuwan ciki: == Abubuwan da ke cikin kur'ani sun shafi ainihin akidun Musulunci da suka hada da samuwar Allah da tashin kiyama. Labarin annabawa na farko, batutuwan da'a da shari'a, abubuwan tarihi na zamanin Annabi [[Muhammadu]], sadaka da addu'a su ma sun bayyana a cikin Alqur'ani. Ayoyin kur'ani sun kunshi nasiha ga baki daya dangane da daidai da kuskure kuma abubuwan tarihi suna da alaka da zayyana darussa na dabi'a gaba daya. An kira salon kur’ani da sunan “sha’awa”, inda ake bukatar tafsirai don bayyana abin da ake magana a kai—“an yi magana kan abubuwan da suka faru, amma ba a ruwaito su ba, ana tafka muhawara ba tare da an yi bayaninsu ba, an ambaci mutane da wurare, amma ba kasafai ake ambaton sunayensu ba. “Yayin da tafsiri a cikin ilimomin [[Musulunci]] ya bayyana kokarin fahimtar ma’anonin kur’ani a fakaice da kuma a fakaice, fiqhu yana nufin kokarin fadada ma’anar lafuzza, musamman a cikin ayoyin da suka shafi tanade-tanade, da kuma fahimtarsa. Nazarin kur'ani ya bayyana cewa, a mahallin tarihi, abin da ke cikin kur'ani yana da alaka da littattafan Rabawa, Yahudawa-Kirista, Kiristanci na Syria da na Hellenanci, da kuma Larabawa kafin zuwan Musulunci. Wurare da yawa, batutuwa da masu tatsuniyoyi a cikin al'adun [[Larabawa]] da al'ummomi da yawa a cikin yankunansu na tarihi, musamman labarun Yahudanci da Kiristanci, suna cikin Alƙur'ani tare da ƙananan maganganu, nassoshi ko wasu ƙananan ruwayoyi irin su jannāt 'adn, jahannam, Bakwai masu barci. Sarauniyar Sheba da sauransu. Duk da haka, wasu masana falsafa da masana irin su Mohammed Arkoun, waɗanda suka jaddada abubuwan tatsuniyoyi na [[Alƙur'ani]], sun gamu da halayen ƙin yarda a cikin da'irar Musulunci. Labarun Yusuf da Zulaikha, Musa, Iyalan Amram (iyayen Maryama bisa ga Alqur'ani) da kuma jarumi mai ban mamaki Dhul-Qarnayn ("mutumin da ƙahoni biyu") wanda ya gina shinge ga Yajuju da Majuju wanda zai kasance har zuwa ƙarshen loakci sun fi cikakkun bayanai da kuma dogon labarai. Baya ga abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan tarihi da haruffa irin su Sarki Sulemanu da Dauda, game da tarihin Yahudawa da kuma ficewar Isra'ilawa daga Masar, tatsuniyoyi na annabawan Ibraniyawa da aka yarda da su a Musulunci, kamar Halitta, Rigyawa, gwagwarmayar Ibrahim da Nimrod. , sadaukarwar dansa ya mamaye wuri mai fadi a cikin Alkur'ani. Babban jigon Kur'ani shi ne tauhidi. An kwatanta Allah a matsayin mai rai, madawwami, masani kuma mai iko duka (duba, misali, Quran 2:20; 2:29; 2:255). Ikon Allah ya bayyana sama da kowa a cikin ikonsa na yin halitta. Shi ne mahaliccin komai, na sammai da kasa da abin da ke tsakaninsu (duba, misali, Quran 13:16; 2:253; 50:38, da sauransu). Dukkan ’yan Adam daidai suke da dogaro ga Allah gaba daya, kuma jin dadinsu ya ta’allaka ne a kan yarda da hakan da kuma rayuwa a kan haka. Al-Qur'ani ya yi amfani da dalilai na fayyace [[sararin samaniya]] da kuma tabbatuwa a cikin ayoyi daban-daban ba tare da yin nuni ga sharuddan tabbatar da samuwar Ubangiji ba. Don haka duniya ta samo asali ne kuma tana buqatar mahalicci, kuma duk abin da yake akwai dole ya sami isasshiyar sanadin samuwarsa. Ban da haka, ana yawan ambaton ƙirar sararin [[samaniya]] a matsayin wurin tunani: "Shi ne wanda ya halicci [[sammai bakwai]] daidai da juna ba tare da wani aibu ba ko rashin daidai. Duk da cewa musulmi ba sa shakkar samuwar Allah da hadin kai, wataqila sun yi dabi’u daban-daban wadanda suka canza kuma suka bunqasa tsawon tarihi dangane da yanayinsa (sifofinsa), sunayensa da dangantakarsa da [[halitta]]. Mustafa Öztürk ya yi nuni da cewa, musulmin farko sun yi imani da cewa wannan allah yana rayuwa a sama da fadin Ahmad Ibn Hanbal: “Duk wanda ya ce [[Allah]] yana ko’ina to shi dan bidi’a ne, kafiri ne, sai a kira shi ya tuba, amma idan ya tuba. ba, a kashe." Wannan fahimtar ta canza daga baya kuma ta ba da damar fahimtar cewa “Ba za a iya sanya wa Allah wuri ba, kuma yana ko’ina.” Haka nan ayyuka da sifofi suh kamar zuwa, tafiya, zama, gamsuwa, fushi da bakin ciki da sauransu makamancinsu da mutane ake amfani da su. domin wannan Allah a cikin Alkur’ani an dauke shi a matsayin mutashabihat – “babu wanda ya san tawilinsa sai Allah” (Alkurani 3:7) – da malamai daga baya suka bayyana cewa Allah ba ya kamanta da [[mutane]] ta kowace hanya. == Annabawa: == A Musulunci; Allah yana magana da mutanen da ake ce wa annabawa ta hanyar wahayi da ake kira wahy, ko kuma ta hanyar mala’iku.(42:51) nubuwwah (Larabci: نبوة ‘annabcin’) ana kallonsa a matsayin wani aiki da Allah ya dora wa mutane masu wasu halaye irin wadannan a matsayin su na masu hankali da gaskiya da karfin zuciya da adalci: "Babu wani abu da za a ce muku wanda ba a ce wa manzanni daga gabaninku ba, cewa ubangijinku yana da gafara ga umurninsa da kuma azaba mai girma." Musulunci ya dauki Annabi [[Ibrahim]] a matsayin mahada a cikin jerin annabawa da ta fara daga Adamu kuma ta kare a Annani Muhammad (S.A.W) ta hanyar Isma’il kuma aka ambata a cikin surah ta 35 na Alqur’ani, fiye da kowane mutum na Littafi Mai Tsarki ban da Musa. Musulmai suna kallonsa a matsayin mai fasa tsafi, Hanif, babban siffar cikakken musulmi, kuma annabi mai girma kuma maginin [[Ka'aba]] a Makka. Al-Qur'ani akai-akai yana kiran Musulunci a matsayin 'addinin tafarkin Ibrahim' (millat Ibrahim). Bayan Ishaku da Yakubu, Musulmai galibi suna ɗaukar Ibrahim a matsayin uba nagari. A Musulunci, ana yin Idi-al-Adha ne don tunawa da ƙoƙarin Ibrahim na yin hadaya da ɗansa ta hanyar miƙa wuya ga mafarkinsa, (As-Saaffat; 100-107) wanda ya yarda da shi a matsayin nufin Allah. A cikin addinin [[Yahudanci]], ana ganin labarin a matsayin labari da aka tsara don maye gurbin hadayar yara da hadayar dabba gabaɗaya ko kuma a matsayin misali da ke kwatanta “hadaya ta dabi’ar dabba”, fahimtar addinin Islama na [[Orthodox]] ya ɗauki sadaukarwar dabba a matsayin sunna na wajibi ko kuma mai ƙarfi ga [[musulmi]] waɗanda cika wasu sharudda, akan takamaiman kwanan wata da kalandar Hijira ta kayyade a kowace shekara. A Musulunci, Musa fitaccen Annabi ne kuma manzon Allah kuma mutum ne da aka fi ambata a cikin Alkur’ani, inda aka ambaci sunansa har sau 136, an kuma ba da labarin rayuwarsa fiye da na kowane Annabi. Ana ɗaukan Yesu wani annabi mai muhimmanci tare da haihuwarsa mara uba, (66:12, 21:89) na musamman tare da furcin da aka yi amfani da shi a gare shi, kamar “kalmar” da “ruhu” daga wurin Allah da kuma sura da aka keɓe ga uwarsa Maryamu a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki. Alqur'ani. A cewar suratu As-Saff aya ta 6, yayin da yake bada labarin zuwan Annabin musulunci Muhammad(S.A.W), Ahlus-Sunnah sun fahimci cewa Yesu ya ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin sararin sama, kamar yadda a cikin labarun hawan Yesu zuwa sama, ya yi wa'azi cewa zai dawo duniya kusa da apocalypse(Mahdi), zai yi addu'a a bayansa sannan a kashe Masihin [[Qarya]] (Dajjal). == Abubuwan al ajabi a cikin sa == Al qurani ya bada tarihin abubuwan da suka faru tu kafin halittar ɗan adam, wanda sai yanzu masu ilimin kimiyyya da fasaha suke gano wa, kamar maganar (bing bang theory) da kuma biology "wanda yake cewa dukkan rayuwa ta fara ne da ga ruwa" == Manazarta;== * [http://ha.quranacademy.org/quran Quran Word by Word] // QuranAcademy.org * [https://islamhouse.com/en/books/597/ Translation of the Meanings of the Quran into Hausa] {{DEFAULTSORT:Alkurani}} [[Category:Musulunci]] 9dh0zuamiq8ip6c80ol5jc7jewlpclu 0 8681 915786 784415 2026-09-03T21:15:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 915786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:A typical Fulani me.jpg|thumb|bafullatani na Kiwon shanu sa]] [[File:Jf0326Cattle Pasture Philippinesfvf 12.JPG|thumb|shanu na kiwo]] [[File:Cattle in Angola.jpg|thumb|wata mace tana kiwon shanu ]]'''Sana'ar Kiwo.'''{{databox}} [[File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|thumb|makiyayi cikin shanunsa]] '''Kiwo''' shi ne aikin da ya ƙunshi rainon [[dabbobi]] domin cin gajiyarsu ko amfana daga garesu, ta hanyar amfani da kuma abin da suke samarwa kamar [[nama]], [[gashi]], mai, [[nono]], [[Kashi]], [[kwai|kwai]] dadai sauransu. Kiwo ya hada da kula da dabbobi ko neman karin yawansu dan saidawa da ba su [[abinci]], da ba su [[magani]]. [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|Tomakai da akuya kenam suna kiwo]] [[Fayil:Shanu suna kiwo.jpg|thumb|Kiwon shanu]] Kiwo na daya daga cikin sana’o’in kasar Hausa na [[dauri]]. [[Sana'a|Sana’a]] ce da ake gudanar da ita, kamawa tun daga cikin gidaje har ya zuwa ruga da [[Fulani]] makiyaya kan yi. Babu wani [[gida]] da ba a yin kiwo a kasar Hausa. A duk faɗin duniya al'ummomi daban-daban na da ire-iren hanyoyin da suke kiwata dabbobinsu, kuma ya banbanta da na wasu al'umman, haka zalika mafiya yawan dabbobin da aka fi kiwata su a duniya su ne dabbobi kamar; [[Saniya]], [[Tumaki]], [[Akuya]], [[Kaji]], [[Aladu]], [[Kifi|Kifaye]], [[Raƙumi]] da sauransu. Har wa yau, akwai wasu nau'ukan dabbobi da ake kiwata su a wasu bangaren [[duniya]], kamar su [[Doki]], [[Zomo]], [[Zuma]], [[kunkuru]], [[Tsintsaye|Tsuntsaye]] da sauransu, Wadanda kuma a yanzu suke yaduwa a duniya, kuma kusan kowa na kiwata su. ==Manazarta== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925110859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiwon Dabbobin}} [[Category: Noma da kiwo]] ika6k3qntes4n8m1ycojcuxlz6f8032 915787 915786 2026-09-03T21:18:37Z Baban Asiya 15906 915787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:A typical Fulani me.jpg|thumb|bafullatani na Kiwon shanu sa]] [[File:Jf0326Cattle Pasture Philippinesfvf 12.JPG|thumb|shanu na kiwo]] [[File:Cattle in Angola.jpg|thumb|wata mace tana kiwon shanu ]]'''Sana'ar Kiwo.'''{{databox}} [[File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|thumb|makiyayi cikin shanunsa]] '''Kiwo''' shi ne aikin da ya ƙunshi rainon [[dabbobi]] domin cin gajiyarsu ko amfana daga garesu, ta hanyar amfani da kuma abin da suke samarwa kamar [[nama]], [[gashi]], mai, [[nono]], [[Kashi]], [[kwai|kwai]] dadai sauransu. Kiwo ya hada da kula da dabbobi ko neman karin yawansu dan saidawa da ba su [[abinci]], da ba su [[magani]]. [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|Tomakai da akuya kenam suna kiwo]] [[Fayil:Shanu suna kiwo.jpg|thumb|Kiwon shanu]] Kiwo na daya daga cikin sana’o’in kasar Hausa na [[dauri]]. [[Sana'a|Sana’a]] ce da ake gudanar da ita, kamawa tun daga cikin gidaje har ya zuwa ruga da [[Fulani]] makiyaya kan yi. Babu wani [[gida]] da ba a yin kiwo a kasar Hausa. A duk faɗin duniya al'ummomi daban-daban na da ire-iren hanyoyin da suke kiwata dabbobinsu, kuma ya banbanta da na wasu al'umman, haka zalika mafiya yawan dabbobin da aka fi kiwata su a duniya su ne dabbobi kamar; [[Saniya]], [[Tumaki]], [[Akuya]], [[Kaji]], [[Aladu]], [[Kifi|Kifaye]], [[Raƙumi]] da sauransu. Har wa yau, akwai wasu nau'ukan dabbobi da ake kiwata su a wasu bangaren [[duniya]], kamar su [[Doki]], [[Zomo]], [[Zuma]], [[kunkuru]], [[Tsintsaye|Tsuntsaye]] da sauransu,duk da cewa dukkasu ana kiwon su a ƙasar Hausa Wadanda kuma a yanzu suke yaduwa a duniya, kuma kusan kowa na kiwata su. ==Manazarta== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925110859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiwon Dabbobin}} [[Category: Noma da kiwo]] a9ud37ebfersihtykvbyqpu0d02mvfz 915788 915787 2026-09-03T21:20:16Z Baban Asiya 15906 915788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:A typical Fulani me.jpg|thumb|bafullatani na Kiwon shanu sa]] [[File:Jf0326Cattle Pasture Philippinesfvf 12.JPG|thumb|shanu na kiwo]] [[File:Cattle in Angola.jpg|thumb|wata mace tana kiwon shanu ]]'''Sana'ar Kiwo.'''{{databox}} [[File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|thumb|makiyayi cikin shanunsa]] '''Kiwo''' shi ne aikin da ya ƙunshi rainon [[dabbobi]] domin cin gajiyarsu ko amfana daga garesu, ta hanyar amfani da kuma abin da suke samarwa kamar [[nama]], [[gashi]], mai, [[nono]], [[Kashi]], [[kwai|kwai]] dadai sauransu. Kiwo ya hada da kula da dabbobi ko neman karin yawansu dan saidawa da ba su [[abinci]], da ba su [[magani]]. [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|Tomakai da akuya kenam suna kiwo]] [[Fayil:Shanu suna kiwo.jpg|thumb|Kiwon shanu]] Kiwo na daya daga cikin sana’o’in kasar Hausa na [[dauri]]. [[Sana'a|Sana’a]] ce da ake gudanar da ita, kamawa tun daga cikin gidaje har ya zuwa ruga da [[Fulani]] makiyaya kan yi. Babu wani [[gida]] da ba a yin kiwo a kasar Hausa. A duk faɗin duniya al'ummomi daban-daban na da ire-iren hanyoyin da suke kiwata dabbobinsu, kuma ya banbanta da na wasu al'umman, haka zalika mafiya yawan dabbobin da aka fi kiwata su a duniya su ne dabbobi kamar; [[Saniya]], [[Tumaki]], [[Akuya]], [[Kaji]], [[Aladu]], [[Kifi|Kifaye]], [[Raƙumi]] da sauransu. Har wa yau, akwai wasu nau'ukan dabbobi da ake kiwata su a wasu bangaren [[duniya]], kamar su [[Doki]], [[Zomo]], [[Zuma]], [[kunkuru]], [[Tsintsaye|Tsuntsaye]] da sauransu,duk da cewa dukkasu ana kiwon su a ƙasar Hausa, in banda Kunkuru. Wadanda kuma a yanzu suke yaduwa a duniya, kuma kusan kowa na kiwata su. ==Manazarta== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2022-04-21 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925110859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiwon Dabbobin}} [[Category: Noma da kiwo]] 4l9ir0loiohpuh4ytxdxlcph1wlrolp 0 13532 915596 875578 2026-09-03T16:15:15Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Declara%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Univers%C3%A3o_dos_Direiros_do_Cidad%C3%A3o.JPG |thumb| Bayanin Duniya na Haƙƙin ɗan ƙasa]] [[File:3_Korean_Samples.png |thumb|3 Korean Samples ]] [[File:AnneFrankHumanRightsMemorialUniversalDeclarationOfHumanRights.jpg |thumb|Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial Universal Declaration Of Human Rights ]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] Qungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam na duniya tayi taro a karp na 183, a paris 10 decemba a shekarar 1948. '''''Sanarwar ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙoƙin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya''''' ('''UDHR),''' Wani kundi ne mai tarihi wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] ta amince da shi, yayin zaman su na uku, A ranar 10, ga watan Disamba na shekara ta alif 1948, a matsayin ''Resolution'' 217, a ''Palais de Chaillot'' a [[Faris|Paris]], ƙasar [[Faransa]]. Daga cikin mambobi 58, na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]], mambobi 48, ne suka kaɗa ƙuri'ar amincewar, babu wanda ya tsaurara, takwas sun kaurace, biyu kuma ba su jefa ƙuri'ar ba.<ref>[[Haƙƙin ɗan Adam a Najeriya]]</ref> Sanarwar ta ƙunshi batutuwa 30, waɗanda ke tabbatar da haƙƙin mutum, wanda duk da cewa ba a bin doka da oda a cikin su, an ba da cikakken bayani a cikin [[Yarjejeniyar Kasa ta Democrat ta 2024|yarjejeniyoyin]] ƙasa da ƙasa, [[Tattalin arziki|canjin tattalin arziƙi]], kayan aikin [[Hakkin ɗan'adam|ɗan adam]] na yanki, tsarin mulki na ƙasa, da sauran [[Dokokin Jim Crow|dokoki.]]<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/2014/01/140127_freedom_hausa_seriesone</ref> Sanarwar itace matakin farko na ai watarwa da ƙirƙiro da Dokar Ƴan Adam ta Duniya, wacce aka kammala a shekarar 1966, kuma ta fara aiki a shekarar 1976, bayan isassun ƙasashe da suka rattaɓa hannu akan su. Wasu Malaman Shari'a sun sa'insa da kafa hujja da cewa saboda ƙasashe sun saba kiran na sama da shekaru 50, yanzu kuma ya zama wani ɓangare na dokar ƙasa da ƙasa. <ref>Henry J Steiner and Philip Alston, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals, (2nd ed), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.</ref> <ref>Hurst Hannum, [https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/04/16-Hannum.pdf The universal declaration of human rights in National and International Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103152205/https://cdn2.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2014/04/16-Hannum.pdf |date=2020-01-03 }}, p.145</ref> Ko yaya, a Amurka, Kotun Ƙoli a ''Sosa v.'' ''Alvarez-Machain'' (2004), ta yanke hukuncin cewa "Sanarwar" ba ta da ƙarfin kanta, ba ta sanya wajibai a cikin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa. " <ref>''Sosa v. Alvarez-Machain'', 542 U.S. 692, 734 (2004).</ref> Kotunan wasu ƙasashe sun kuma yanke hukuncin cewa Sanarwar ba ta cikin ɓangaren dokar cikin gida.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/duniya/20241210-yau-duniya-ke-bikin-ranar-kare-ha%C6%99%C6%99in-%C9%97an-adam</ref> == Tsari da abunda ke ciki. == [[File:Eleanor Roosevelt UDHR.jpg|alt=Ƴancin dan Adam|thumb|<ref>[[File:Zürich Stadthaus, Privacy Exhibition( Ank Kumar, Infosys) 03.jpg|alt=Hotone |thumb|Bayanin yancin dan Adam]] </ref>Takarda ne na bayani akan yanci dan adamTakarda mai dauke da bayani akan yanci dan adam.]] An gabatar da tsarin Bayanan na Sanarwar ta duniya a cikin daftarin na biyu wanda René Cassin ya shirya. Cassin ya yi aiki daga daftarin farko, wanda John Peters Humphrey ya shirya. Tsarin ''Napoléon'' ya rinjayi tsarin, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idoji da gabatarwa na ƙa'idoji na gabatarwa. Cassin ya kwatanta zancen da kamar ɗakin ginin hankalin Girka, tare da tushe, matakai, ginshiƙai huɗu, da farfajiya . Sanarwar ta ƙunshi muhimmin bayanai na mukaloli talatin: * Wallafan ya gabatar da dalilai na tarihi da na zamantakewa waɗanda suka haifar da wajibcin yin Bayanin. * Muƙala na 1-2 sun kafu ne akan asalin mutunci, ƴanci da daidaituwa. * Muƙala na 3 da kafa 5, sun tsayar da wasu haƙƙoƙin mutum, kamar yancin rayuwa da haramcin bautar da azabtarwa. * Muƙala na 6, zuwa 11, yana magana ne game da mahimmancin haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam tare da takamaiman maganganun da aka ambata don kare su idan aka keta doka. * Muƙala ta 12, zuwa 17, sun tabbatar da haƙƙin mutum a cikin alumma (gami da abubuwa irin su ƴancin motsi ). * Muƙala na 18-21, ya sanya wa abin da ake kira ƴancin walwala na kundin tsarin mulki", kuma tare da' yancin ruhaniya, jama'a, da siyasa, kamar 'yancin tunani, ra'ayi, addini da lamiri, magana, da haɗin zaman lafiya na mutum. * Muƙala na 22-27, ya rattaɓa hannu kan haƙƙoƙin mutum na tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, gami da harkar kiwon lafiya . Mataki na 25, da ce: Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin ya sami matsayin zama daidai gwargwado ga lafiya da ci gaban kansa da na iyalinsa, waɗanda suka haɗa da abinci, sutura, gidaje da kula da lafiya da kuma hidimomin rayuwa na yau da kullun. Hakanan yana samar da ƙarin masauki don tsaro idan akwai batun lalacewa ta jiki ko tawaya, kuma ya ambaci kulawa ta musamman ga waɗanda ke cikin uwa ko ƙuruciya. * Magana ta 28-30, sun kafa hanyoyin gaba ɗaya na amfani da waɗannan haƙƙoƙin, yankunan da ba za a iya amfani da waɗannan haƙƙin mutum ba, kuma ba za a iya cin nasara da su ba. Waɗannan jawabai suna da alaƙa da haƙƙin mutum ga alumma da haramcin yin amfani da doka da ke da saɓawa manufar ƙungiyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba. == Labarai. == === Mafarin === {{listen|title=State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (6 January 1941)|filename=FDR's 1941 State of the Union (Four Freedoms speech) Edit 1.ogg|description=[[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s 6&nbsp;January 1941 [[State of the Union address]] introducing the theme of the [[Four Freedoms]] (starting at 32:02)|image=[[File:FDR in 1933.jpg|100px|frameless]]}} A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], yan kawancen na ƙungiyoyin sun amince da ƙa'idoji huɗu - ƴancin faɗin albarkacin baki, ƴancin addini, ƴanci daga tsoro, da yanci daga buƙata - kamar manufarsu ta yaƙi. <ref name="Bodnar, John 2010">Bodnar, John, The "Good War" in American Memory. (Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) 11</ref> Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar ɗinkin duniya "ta sake ba da gaskiya ga [[Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|haƙƙoƙi na ɗan adam]], da mutunci da kimar mutum", kuma ta himmatu ga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi don inganta girmama duniya, da kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam da ƴanci na kowa da kowa ba tare da nuna bambancin launin fata ba, jam'i, yare, ko addini ". Lokacin da ayyukan zaluncin da Nazi ta kuma yi a fili bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na II]], yarjejeniya tsakanin al'ummomin duniya ita ce Yarjejeniyar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin]] Duniya bata fayyace ainihin irin hakkin ta wacce ta ambata. <ref>[http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm#Cataclysm%20and%20World%20Response Cataclysm and World Response] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120045717/http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm#Cataclysm%20and%20World%20Response |date=2013-01-20 }} in [http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm Drafting and Adoption : The Universal Declaration of Human Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120045717/http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm |date=2013-01-20 }}, [http://www.udhr.org udhr.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927155113/http://www.udhr.org/history/overview.htm |date=2019-09-27 }}.</ref> Sanarwa ta duniya wacce ta ayyana hakkokin mutane ya zama dole don aiwatar da tanadin Yarjejeniyar kan hakkin Dan-Adam. === Ƙirƙira da tsarawa === A watan Yuni ne na shekarar 1946, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kafa Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam, wanda ya kunshi membobi 18 daga kasashen da siyasosi daban daban. Kwamitin, cikakken mamba ne na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], an tsara shi don aiwatar da aikin shirya abin da aka fara aiwatarwa a matsayin Dokar Kare Hakkin Kasa da Kasa . Hukumar ta kafa wata sanarwa ta musamman game da zartar da batun kare hakkin Dan-Adam, wanda Eleanor Roosevelt ke jagoranta, don rubuta labaran sanarwar. Kwamitin ya hadu a cikin zama biyun a tsawon shekaru biyu. Canada John Peters Humphrey, D na Division of Human Rights cikin United Nations sakatariya, an kirãyi da United Nations Sakatare Janar zuwa aiki a kan aikin da ya zama jawabi ta babba drafter. A lokacin, an nada Humphrey a matsayin sabon Daraktan sashen 'yancin dan adam a cikin sakatariyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya . Sauran sanannun mambobin kwamitin da aka tsara sun hada da René Cassin na Faransa, Charles Malik na [[Lebanon]], da PC na Jamhuriyar China . <ref name="RoC rep">The Declaration was drafted during the [[Chinese Civil War]]. P.C. Chang was appointed as a representative by the [[Republic of China]], then the recognised government of China, but which was driven from [[mainland China]] and now administers only [[Taiwan]] and nearby islands ([http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/chinese-nationalists-move-capital-to-taiwan history.com]).</ref> Humphrey ya samar da daftarin farko wanda ya zama aikin Hukumar. Hansa Mehta daga Indiya ta ba da shawarar ƙara "dukkan 'yan adam an halicce daidai" maimakon "dukkan mutane an daidaita su" a cikin sanarwar. A cewar Allan Carlson, Sanarwa ta danganta dangi sakamakon sakamakon gwagwarmayar mabiya addinin kirista ne kan Cassin da Malik. Da zarar Kwamitin ya kammala aikinsa a watan Mayun shekarar 1948, Hukumar ta kara tattaunawa kan batun kare hakkin dan Adam, Kwamitin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa, Kwamitin Uku na Babban Taro kafin a sanya shi a watan Disamban shekarata 1948. Yayin tattaunawar an tattauna abubuwa da yawa da bada shawarwari daga kasashe mambobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. [[ Gwamnatin Ingila |Wakilan Birtaniya]] sun ji takaici matuka cewa shirin yana da ɗabi'a amma ba doka ba ce. (Ya kasance har zuwa shekarar 1976, ne Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa ya fara aiki, yana ba da matsayin doka ga yawancin Sanarwar. ) === Dauka. === Babban zauren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da a matsayin Resolution 217, a ranar 10 &nbsp; Disamban shekarar 1948, a Palais de Chaillot, Paris, kamar yadda aka yi taro na uku na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a can. Daga cikin wakilai 58, na lokacin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, 48, suka kada kuri'ar amincewa, babu wanda ya hana, takwas sun kaurace kuma Honduras da [[Yemen]] sun kasa kada kuri'a ko kauracewa. Rikodin taron ya ba da fahimtar abin da ya dace da mahawara. Ana iya ganin matsayin Afirka ta kudu a matsayin yunƙurin kare tsarin wariyar launin fata, wanda a fili ya keta abubuwa da yawa a cikin sanarwar. Haramcin wakilan na Saudi Arabiya ya haifar da abubuwa biyu daga cikin Maganar sanarwa: Fasali na 18, wanda ke nuna cewa kowa na da 'yancin canza addininsa ko akidarsa "; da Mataki na goma sha shida, akan madaidaicin hakkin aure. asashen shida masu ra'ayin gurguzu sun rataya a wuyansu cewa Bayyanar bai isa ya la'anci farkisanci da Naziyanci ba. Eleanor Roosevelt ya danganta haramcin kasashen kungiyar Soviet a cikin Mataki na goma sha uku, wanda ya bayar da hakkin 'yan kasa barin kasashensu . [[File:Original_universal_declaration_of_human_rights_voters.svg|thumb| Zaben jefa kuri'a a cikin zaman majalisarku: <br /><br /><br /><br /> <nowiki></br></nowiki> Kasashe masu kore: sun yi zabe cikin yarda; <br /><br /><br /><br /> <nowiki></br></nowiki> Kasashen Orange: sun kaurace; <br /><br /><br /><br /> <nowiki></br></nowiki> Kasashen bakaken fata: sun gaza kaurace musu ko jefa kuri'a; <br /><br /><br /><br /> <nowiki></br></nowiki> Kasashe masu launin toka: basa cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a lokacin jefa kuri'a ]] Kasashe 48, da suka kada ƙuri'ar amincewa da wannan sanarwar sune: {{Columns-list|* [[Kingdom of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] * [[History of Argentina#Peronist Years (1946–1955)|Argentina]] * [[Australia]] * [[Belgium]] * [[History of Bolivia (1920–1964)#The sexenio (1946–52)|Bolivia]] * [[Brazilian Second Republic|Brazil]] * [[Post-independence Burma, 1948–1962|Burma]] * [[Canada]]{{ref label|a|a}}<!-- ref/note used here because ((refn}} with group=lower-alpha was used in the infobox, and is not expected to be displayed until the Notes section is encountered below --> * [[Presidential Republic (1925–1973)|Chile]] * [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] * [[History of Colombia#The Republic: Liberal and Conservative Conflict|Colombia]] * [[History of Costa Rica#Democracy|Costa Rica]] * [[Republic of Cuba (1902–59)|Cuba]] * [[Denmark]] * [[History of the Dominican Republic#The Era of Trujillo|Dominican Republic]] * [[Ecuador]] * [[Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt]] * [[History of El Salvador (1931–79)#Repression and reform under military rule|El Salvador]] * [[Ethiopian Empire|Ethopia]] * [[French Fourth Republic|France]] * [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]] * [[History of Guatemala#The "Ten Years of Spring"|Guatemala]] * [[Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)|Haiti]] * [[Iceland]] * [[Dominion of India|India]] * [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran]] * [[Kingdom of Iraq|Iraq]] * [[Lebanon]] * [[History of Liberia#Americo-Liberian rule (1847–1980)|Liberia]] * [[Luxembourg]] * [[Mexico]] * [[Netherlands]] * [[Dominion of New Zealand|New Zealand]] * [[History of Nicaragua#Somoza Dynasty (1936–1979)|Nicaragua]] * [[Norway]] * [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]] * [[Panama]] * [[History of Paraguay#Morínigo and World War II|Paraguay]] * [[Peru]] * [[History of the Philippines (1946–65)|Philippines]] * [[Kingdom of Thailand|Siam]] * [[Sweden]] * [[Syrian Republic (1946–1963)|Syria]] * [[Multi-party period of the Republic of Turkey|Turkey]] * [[United Kingdom]] * [[United States]] * [[Uruguay]] * [[Venezuela]]|colwidth=18em}} : a. ^ Dukda babban mataki da John Peters Humphrey na Canada ya dauka, sai a fari Gwamnatin Canada ta kaurace daga zabe akan daftarin Declaration's din, amma daga baya ta maya baya a daftarin karshe a Babban taron Majalisar.[31] Kasashe takwas sun kauracewa: {{Columns-list|*[[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Czechoslovakia]] *[[Polish People's Republic|Poland]] *[[Saudi Arabia]] *[[Soviet Union]] *[[Byelorussian SSR]] *[[Ukrainian SSR]] *[[Union of South Africa|South Africa]] *[[Yugoslavia]]|colwidth=18em}} Kasashe biyu ba su yi zaben ba: * Honduras * [[ Masarautar Mutawakkilite na Yemen |Yaman]]. Sauran ƙasashe sun sami ikon mallaka ne kawai kuma suka shiga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya daga baya, wanda ke bayani game da relativelyan kananan jihohin da suka cancanci kada kuri'un tarihi. == Ranar Ƴancin Ɗan Adam ta Duniya == Sanarwar ranar kare hakkin Dan Adam ana tunawa da kowace shekara &nbsp; 10 ga Disamba, ranar tunawa da ranar Yarda da Jama'a, kuma ana kiranta Ranar 'Yancin Dan Adam ko Ranar' Yancin Dan Adam na Duniya. Ana yin wannan taron tunawa da mutane, al'umma da kuma kungiyoyin addinai, kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam, majalisun dokoki, gwamnatoci, da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Taron tunawa da bikin Decadal yakan kasance tare da kamfen don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da sanarwa da 'yancin ɗan adam. Shekarar 2008, ta cika shekaru 60, da sanarwar, kuma an samu rakiyar ayyukan shekara guda da taken "Mutunci da adalci ga dukkanmu". == Mahimmanci da tasirin dokar == === Muhimmanci === [[File:Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_(miniature_book).JPG|thumb| A cikin karamin littafi ]] A shekara ta 1948, UN Resolution A / RES / 217 (III) [A] ya karɓi wannan sanarwa a kan takaddar yarukan magana da [[Turanci|Ingilishi]] da [[Faransanci]], da fassarar hukuma a cikin [[Sinanci]], [[Rashanci]] da Spanish. A shekara ta 2009, ''Littafin Guinness Book of Records ya'' bayyana Sanarwa a matsayin “Mafi Cancantar daftarin Dokoki” a duniya (370 yare da yare daban daban). Kamfanin Unicode Consortium yana adana 431 <ref>[https://www.unicode.org/udhr/translations.html "UDHR in Unicode – Translations"], [[Unicode]], retrieved 8-6-2017</ref> na 503 <ref>[http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/SearchByLang.aspx "Search by Translation"], UDHR Translation Project, [[United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights]], retrieved 13-8-2017.</ref> fassarar hukuma a OHCHR ( {{As of|2017|June}} ). A wajansa, gwamnatoci sun sadaukar da kansu da jama'arsu don matakan cigaba waɗanda ke tabbatar da duniya da inganci daraja da kiyaye haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam da aka bayyana a cikin Sanarwa. Eleanor Roosevelt ya goyi bayan ɗaukar wannan sanarwar a matsayin sanarwa maimakon yarjejeniya saboda ta yi imanin cewa tana da tasiri iri ɗaya kan al'ummomin duniya kamar yadda sanarwar Statesancin Samun 'yanci na Amurka a cikin Amurka. Ko da yake ba ta da hurumin bin doka, an gabatar da sanarwar ne ko ya rinjayi mafi yawan tsarin mulkin kasa tun 1948. Hakanan ya kasance tushen harsashi na haɓaka dokokin ƙasa, dokokin ƙasa, da yarjejeniyoyi, har ma da cigaba na cibiyoyin yanki, yanki da na ƙasa waɗanda ke kiyayewa da inganta haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A karo na farko a cikin dokokin kasa da kasa, an yi amfani da kalmar "bin doka" a cikin shelar sanarwa. Sakin layi na uku na sanarwar ƙa'idar ya karanta kamar haka: "Ganin cewa yana da mahimmanci, idan ba a tilasta wa ɗan adam ya sake neman doka ba, a matsayin makoma ta ƙarshe, tawaye ga zalunci da zalunci, ya kamata a kiyaye haƙƙin ɗan adam ta dokar doka". === Tasirin doka === Duk da yake ba yarjejeniya ce da kanta ba, an zartar da sanarwar ta dalla-dalla don ma'anar ma'anar kalmomin "yanci na asali" da "haƙƙin ɗan Adam" wanda ke fitowa a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wadda ke ɗaure a kan dukkan ƙasashe membobinsu. A saboda wannan dalili, Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam muhimmin aiki ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bugu da kari, da yawa daga cikin lauyoyin kasa da kasa yi imanin cewa Sanarwar ta zama wani bangare na dokokin kasa da kasa na al'ada kuma wani kayan aiki ne mai karfi wajen amfani da matsin lambar diflomasiya da halin kirki ga gwamnatocin da ke keta duk wani labarin nata. Taron na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekara ta 1968 game da hakkin Dan-Adam ya ba da shawarar cewa wannan sanarwar "ta wajaba ne ga mambobin kasashen duniya" ga dukkan mutane. Sanarwar ta yi aiki a matsayin kafuwar yarjejeniyoyi biyu na kare hakkin dan adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: Alkawarin kasa da kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da siyasa da kuma yarjejeniya ta kasa da kasa kan tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu . An kuma fayyace ka'idodin wannan sanarwar a cikin yarjejeniyoyin kasa da kasa kamar Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan kawar da kowane nau'in nuna wariyar launin fata, Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan kawar da wariyar launin fata a kan mata, Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin Yara, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Ganawa game da azabtarwa, da ƙari masu yawa. Sanarwar ta ci gaba da ambata ta hanyar gwamnatoci, malamai, masu bayar da shawarwari, da kotunan tsarin mulki, da kuma daidaikun mutane da ke kiran ka'idodinta don kare hakkinsu da suka dan Adam. == Martai == === Yabo === MBayanin Duniya ya samu yabo daga wasu sanannun mutane. Masanin Falsafa na [[Lebanon]] kuma jami'in diflomasiyya Charles Malik ya kira shi "takardun kasa da kasa na muhimmancin farko", yayin da Eleanor Roosevelt - shugabar shugabar hukumar ta 'yancin ɗan adam (CHR) wacce ta ƙaddamar da sanarwar - ta ce hakan "na iya kyau zama Magna Carta ta duniya na duka mutane a ko'ina." A cikin jawabin da ya yi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1995, Fafaroma [[John Paul na Biyu|John Paul II ya]] kira da sanarwar "ɗayan manyan maganganu na lamirin mutum a zamaninmu" amma Vatican ba ta taɓa amincewa da wannan sanarwar ba. A cikin wata sanarwa a ranar 10 ga Disamba 2003, a madadin Kungiyar [[Tarayyar Turai]], Marcello Spatafora ta ce wannan sanarwar "ta sanya 'yancin bil Adama a tsakiyar tsarin ka'idodi da wajibai na daidaita dangantaka a tsakanin kasashen duniya." === Suka === ==== Kasashen musulmai ==== [[Turkiyya]], kasa ce mai zaman kanta wacce take da yawan musulmai, ta rattaba hannu cikin wannan sanarwa a shekarar 1948. Ko ta yaya, a wannan shekarar, [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabiya ta]] kauracewa jefa kuri’ar amincewa da wannan sanarwar, tana mai cewa hakan ya saba wa ka’idar [[Shari'a|Sharia]]. [[Pakistan]] - wacce ta rattaba hannu kan sanarwar - ta musanta da kuma yin Allah wadai da matsayin Saudiyya. Ministan Pakistan Muhammad Zafarullah Khan ya yi jayayya mai yawa game da yarda da haɗe da 'yancin addini. <ref name="Hashemi">Hashemi, Nader and Emran Qureshi. "Human Rights." In ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford Islamic Studies Online''.</ref> A shekarar 1982, da [[Iran|kasar Iran]] wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Said Rajaie-Khorassani, ya ce cewa jawabi ya "a wadanda mutane fahimtar da Judeo-Kirista hadisin", wanda ba za a iya aiwatar da [[Musulmi]] ba tare da rikici da Sharia. A ranar 30 ga Yuni 2000, mambobin kungiyar Taron Addinin Musulunci (yanzu Kungiyar Hadin gwiwar Musulunci ) suka yanke hukunci a hukumance don nuna goyon baya ga Bayyanar Alkahira game da Hakkokin bil'adama a cikin Musulunci, wani takaddar takaddar da ta ce mutane suna da 'yanci da hakkinsu na rayuwa mai daraja daidai da shari'ar musulinci ", ba tare da wani banbanci ba akan dalilan" launin fata, yare, jinsi, akida, addini, dangantakar siyasa, matsayin zamantakewa ko wasu sharudda ". Wasu jami'an diflomasiyya na musulmai za su ci gaba daga baya don taimakawa wajen tsara wasu yarjejeniyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Misali, diflomasiyyar Iraki Bedia Afnan ta dage kan maganarta cewa an sami daidaito tsakanin jinsi ya haifar da Mataki na 3 a cikin (ICCPR) da (ICESCR). Jami’ar diflomasiyar kasar Pakistan Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah ita ma ta yi magana don nuna godiya ga hakkokin mata. <ref name="Hashemi">Hashemi, Nader and Emran Qureshi. "Human Rights." In ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Oxford Islamic Studies Online''.</ref> Yawancin malamai a fannoni daban-daban sun bayyana damuwarsu game da Sanarwar da ake zargin kasashen yamma da aikatawa. Wadannan sun hada da Irene Oh, Abdulaziz Sachedina, Riffat Hassan, da Faisal Kutty . Hassan ya kafa hujja da cewa: <blockquote> Abin da ake buƙatar nunawa ga waɗanda ke riƙe da sanarwa ta 'Yancin dan Adam ta zama mafi girma, ko tafin kafaɗa, na tsarin ba da daidaituwa da' yanci ga dukkan bil'adama, shi ne wanda aka ba Asalin ƙasashen yamma da manufar wannan Sanarwa, "ilimin halittu" na zato wanda ake dogaro da a ƙallatsala da batun tambaya. Kari akan haka, zargin rashin daidaituwa tsakanin manufar 'yancin ɗan adam da kuma addinin gabaɗaya, ko kuma takamaiman addinai irin su Islama, ana buƙatar bincika ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba. </blockquote> Irene Oh ta bayar da hujjar cewa mafita guda ita ce kusanci da batun daga hangen nasihu (kwatancen) kyawawan dabi'u . Kutty ya rubuta cewa: "Hujja mai karfi za a iya cewa tsarin samar da 'yancin dan Adam na duniya ya zama tsarin al'adu wanda al'ummar yammacin duniya ke samun saukin kai a gida. . . Yana kuma da muhimmanci a amince da sanin cewa sauran al'ummomin na iya samun damar musayar ra'ayi daban-daban na hakkin Dan-Adam. " ==== "Hakkin kin Kisa" ==== Kungiyoyi kamar su ''Amnesty International'' <ref name="autogenerated1997">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR01/004/1997/en Out of the margins: the right to conscientious objection to military service in Europe: An announcement of Amnesty International's forthcoming campaign and briefing for the UN Commission on Human Rights], 31 March 1997. Amnesty International.</ref> da ''War Resisters International'' <ref name="War Resisters International">[http://www.wri-irg.org/books/co-guide-un.htm A Conscientious Objector's Guide to the UN Human Rights System], Parts 1, 2 & 3, Background Information on International Law for COs, Standards which recognise the right to conscientious objection, War Resisters' International.</ref> sun ba da sanarwar “'Yancin Kisa” da za a sanya su cikin Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya. ''War Resisters International'' ya bayyana cewa 'yancin yin kiyayya ga aikin soja ya samo asali ne daga farko - amma ba a fayyace ba a-Mataki na 18, na (UDHR) yancin walwala da tunani da lamiri da addini. An dauki matakai a cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don tabbatar da wannan hakkin a bayyane, amma {{As of|2017}}, an takaita wadancan matakan ne zuwa karan tsaye na takardun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Sean MacBride - Babban Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da [[ Lambar Nobel ta zaman lafiya |lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta]] Nobel - ya ce: "Ga hakkokin da ke kunshe a cikin Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya game da Hakkokin bil'adama nan gaba, za a iya kara. Yana da <nowiki>''</nowiki> yancin Karyata Kashe Shi <nowiki>''</nowiki>. <ref>Sean MacBride, [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1974/macbride-lecture.html The Imperatives of Survival], Nobel Lecture, 12 December 1974, [https://www.nobelprize.org/index.html The Nobel Foundation]&nbsp;– Official website of the [[Nobel Foundation]]. (English index page; hyperlink to Swedish site.) From [https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_organizations/nobelfoundation/publications/lectures/peace.html Nobel Lectures in Peace] 1971–1980.</ref> ==== Kungiyar Anthropological American ==== Antungiyar ''Anthropological'' American ta soki (UDHR) yayin da take cikin shirinta na tsarawa. AAA ta yi gargadin cewa kundin zai kasance yana bayyana hakkokin duniya daga yanayin kasashen yamma wanda ba zai dace da kasashen da ke wannan batun ba. Sun kara da cewa tarihin kasashen yamma na mulkin mallaka da wa'azin bishara yasa suka zama wakilin matsala na sauran al'ummomin duniya. Sun gabatar da bayanin kula guda uku don tattaunawa tare da mahimman bayanai game da alaƙar al'adu : "1. Kowane mutum ya san dabi'unsa ta hanyar al'adarsa, saboda haka mutunta bambance-bambancen mutum ya zama girmamawa ga bambance-bambancen al'adu "," 2. Mutunta bambance-bambance tsakanin al'adu an inganta shi ta hanyar ilimin kimiyya cewa babu wata dabara ta gwajin ingancin al'adu da aka gano ", da" 3. Matsayi da martabobi suna da alaƙa da al'adun da suka samo asali ta yadda duk wani yunƙurin kirkirar wasu abubuwa waɗanda suka girma daga imani ko ɗabi'un kyawawan al'adu guda ɗaya to lallai hakan ya nesanta daga dacewa da duk wani sanarwa game da haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam ga ɗan adam gaba ɗaya." ==== Bayanin Bangkok ==== A lokacin kaiwa ga taron Duniya kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da aka gudanar a shekarar 1993, ministoci daga kasashen Asiya sun amince da wannan sanarwar Bangkok, tare da jaddada kudirin gwamnatocinsu ga ka’idodin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Yarda da Duniya game da Hakkokin Yan Adam. Sun bayyana ra'ayinsu game da daidaituwa da rarrabewar haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma jaddada bukatar samaniya, aiki, da zaɓin haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Ko yaya, a lokaci guda, sun jaddada ka'idodin ikon mallakar kai tsaye da rashin tsangwama, suna kiran babbar girmamawa ga tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adun - musamman, 'yancin haɓakar tattalin arziƙi akan haƙƙin jama'a da siyasa. A Bangkok jawabi da aka dauke su a landmark magana na Asian dabi'u hangen zaman gaba, wanda yayi wani ''Extended'' sharhi na kare hakkin dan adam ''universalism'' . ==== Hukuncin kisa ==== Sanarwar ba ta dauki tsinkayen ra'ayi kan hukuncin kisa ba. Mataki na biyar ya ce: "Ba wanda za a azabtar da shi ko a zaluntar shi, a cikin mutane ko a wulakantar da su, ko azaba." == Kungiyoyi masu neman cigaban UDHR == === Tarayyar Duniya don 'yancin ɗan adam === Kungiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya (FIDH) ba ta da wariya, ba ta ƙabilarci ba ce, ba ta da' yanci da kowace hukuma, kuma babban aikinta shi ne haɓaka girmamawa ga dukkan haƙƙoƙin da aka bayyana a cikin Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya na Rightsancin Bil Adama, Yarjejeniyar Kasa da onasa kan kungiyoyin Yan Adam da Siyasa., da kuma Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan Hakkokin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da Al'adu. <ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/partners.html Information Partners], web site of the [[UNHCR]], last updated 25 February 2010, 16:08 GMT (web retrieval 25 February 2010, 18:11 GMT)</ref> === Amnesty International === A cikin shekarar 1988, darekta Stephen R. Johnson da masu ba da labari na duniya 41, mawaƙa, da masu samarwa sun kirkiro bidiyon na minti 20 don ''Amnesty International'' don murnar cikar ta shekaru 40 da samarwa a Duniya. Batun bidiyon shi ne Magana game da sanarwa 30. Kungiyar kare hakkin bil Adama ta ''Amnesty International'' ta yi bikin Ranar ‘Yancin Dan Adam da kuma Shekaru 60 na sanarwar Kasa da Kasa a duk fadin duniya ta hanyar shirya" Gobarar wuta! " aukuwa. === Ofishin Quaker na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kwamitin Ayyukan Abokai na Amurka === Ofishin Quaker na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Kwamitin bauta na Amurka suna aiki kan batutuwan take hakkokin bil'Adama, da suka hada da inganta ilimi kan Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya na Yan-Adam. Sun kirkiro wani tsari don taimakawa gabatar da ɗalibai na makarantar sakandare zuwa sanarwar dan Adam ta Duniya. === Kungiyar Library ta Amurka === A shekarar 1997, majalisar kungiyar Makarantar Amurka (ALA) ta amince da Mataki na 19 daga Sanarwar 'Yancin Bil Adama na Duniya. Hakanan hade da Mataki na 19, Mataki na 18 da na 20 kuma suna da alaƙa da hakkokin AlA akan haƙƙin toan Adam da Dokar Libraryancin Makaranta. Takunkumi, mamayar sirrin jama'a, da kuma kutsawa cikin ra'ayoyi sune take hakkin Dan-Adam a cewar ALA. Game da take hakkin Dan-Adam, ALA tana ba da ka'idoji kamar haka: {{quote|The American Library Association opposes any use of governmental prerogative that leads to intimidation of individuals that prevents them from exercising their rights to hold opinions without interference, and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas. We urge libraries and librarians everywhere to resist such abuse of governmental power, and to support those against whom such governmental power has been employed. The American Library Association condemns any governmental effort to involve libraries and librarians in restrictions on the right of any individual to hold opinions without interference, and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas. Such restrictions, whether enforced by statutes or regulations, contractual stipulations, or voluntary agreements, pervert the function of the library and violate the professional responsibilities of librarians. The American Library Association rejects censorship in any form. Any action that denies the inalienable human rights of individuals only damages the will to resist oppression, strengthens the hand of the oppressor, and undermines the cause of justice. The American Library Association will not abrogate these principles. We believe that censorship corrupts the cause of justice, and contributes to the demise of freedom.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Universal Right to Free Expression|url=http://www.ala.org/advocacy/intfreedom/librarybill/interpretations/universalright|website=American Library Association|accessdate=1 April 2018}}</ref>}} === Matasa masu Kare Hakkin Dan Adam === Matasa don 'Yancin Dan Adam na Duniya (YHRI) wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2001, ta Mary Shuttleworth, malama ce wacce aka Haifa kuma ta girma a Afirka Ta Kudu, inda ta ba da labari ta hanyar illar wariyar launin fata da kuma rashin' yancin ɗan Adam. Manufar (YHRI) ita ce koya wa matasa game da haƙƙin ɗan Adam, musamman Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ofancin Humanancin Bil Adama, da kuma zuga su su zama masu ba da shawara ga haƙuri da zaman lafiya. (YHRI) yanzu ya zama babban motsi na duniya, wanda ya hada da daruruwan ƙungiyoyi, kulake da babi a duk faɗin duniya. == Duba kuma == === Dokar 'yancin ɗan Adam ta ƙasa === * Tarihin 'yancin ɗan Adam * Manufofin Yogyakarta === Yarjejeniyar da bata da alaƙa === * Bayanin Alkahira game da Hakkin Dan Adam a Musulunci (1990) * Bayanin Vienna da Tsarin aiki (1993) * Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ''Millennium'' (2000) {{Div col}} * [[Fourth Geneva Convention]] (1949) * [[European Convention on Human Rights]] (1952) * [[Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees]] (1954) * [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]] (1969) * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] (1976) * [[International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights]] (1976) * [[Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women]] (1981) * [[Convention on the Rights of the Child]] (1990) * [[Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union]] (2000) * [[Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]] (2007) {{Div col end}} === 'Yan Tunaninku suna tasiri cikin sanarwar === * Jacques Maritain * Tommy Douglas * John Sankey, 1st Viscount Sankey === Wasu === {{Div col}} * [[Slavery in the United States]] * [[Slavery in Russia]] * [[Slavery in international law]] * [[Slave Trade Act]]s * [[Human rights in China|Human rights in China (PRC)]] * [[LGBT rights at the United Nations]] * [[Command responsibility]] * [[Moral universalism]] * [[Declaration on Great Apes]], an as-yet unsuccessful effort to extend some human rights to other [[Hominidae|great apes]] * [[United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights]] * "[[Consent of the governed]]" * [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919#Japanese approach|Racial equality proposal]] (1919) * [[The Farewell Sermon]] (632 [[Common Era|CE]]) * [[Youth for Human Rights International]] * [[List of literary works by number of translations]] * [[Monica Ross]] {{Div col end}} == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} === Ruwayoyi === {{Reflist|30em}} === Manazarta === {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book|last=Brown|first=Gordon|author-link=Gordon Brown|title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the 21st Century: A Living Document in a Changing World|url=http://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/467/the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights-in-the-21st-century|year=2016|publisher=Open Book Publishers|ISBN=978-1-783-74218-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Glendon|first=Mary Ann|author-link=Mary Ann Glendon|title=A world made new: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2-vaZkbca2sC|year=2002|publisher=Random House|ISBN=978-0-375-76046-4|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Hashmi|first=Sohail H.|title=Islamic political ethics: civil society, pluralism, and conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LmXFpnp_bMC|year=2002|publisher=Princeton University Press|ISBN=978-0-691-11310-4|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Morsink|first=Johannes|title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: origins, drafting, and intent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8OapwltI3YC|year=1999|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Press]]|ISBN=978-0-8122-1747-6|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Price|first=Daniel E.|title=Islamic political culture, democracy, and human rights: a comparative study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YgF58rl4tCkC|year=1999|publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]]|ISBN=978-0-275-96187-9|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Williams|first=Paul|others=United Nations General Assembly|title=The International bill of human rights|url=https://archive.org/details/internationalbil00will|url-access=registration|year=1981|publisher=Entwhistle Books|ISBN=978-0-934558-07-5|ref=harv}} {{refend}} == Karin karatu == {{refbegin|30em}} * {{Cite journal}} * Nurser, John. "For All Peoples and All Nations. Christian Churches and Human Rights.". (Geneva: WCC Publications, 2005). * [http://www.columbia.edu/ccnmtl/projects/mmt/udhr/index.html Universal Declaration of Human Rights pages at Columbia University (Centre for the Study of Human Rights), including article by article commentary, video interviews, discussion of meaning, drafting and history.] * [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/udhr/udhr.html Introductory note] by [[Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade]] and [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/udhr/udhr.html procedural history] on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law] {{refend}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/ Rubutun UDHR] * [http://www.ohchr.org/en/udhr/pages/introduction.aspx Fassarorin hukuma na UDHR] * [http://libraryresources.unog.ch/udhr Jagorar Bayani kan Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya Game da 'Yancin Dan Adam] a dakin karatu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Geneva. * [http://research.un.org/en/undhr Tsarin Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya Game da Hakkokin Dan-Adam] - takardu da bayanan tarurruka &nbsp; - Laburaren Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Dag Hammarskjöld * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120912162219/http://www.unac.org/rights/question.html Tambayoyi da amsoshi game da Bayanai na Duniya] * [https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/eleanorrooseveltdeclarationhumanrights.htm Rubutu, Audio, da kuma Bunkunin Adireshin Eleanor Roosevelt ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [http://www.universalrights.net/main/educat.htm UDHR &nbsp; - Ilimi] * [https://www.unicode.org/udhr/ UDHR a Unicode] * [http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/1349 Revista Envío &nbsp; - Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam Na ƙarni na 21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706125927/http://www.envio.org.ni/articulo/1349 |date=2007-07-06 }} * [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/udhr/udhr.html Bayanin gabatarwa] daga Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade da [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/udhr/udhr.html bayanin tarihin] aiwatarwa game da Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya game da Hakkokin Yan Adam a cikin [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Tarihin Tarihi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Audiovisual Library of the Law International] * [http://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/12/the-laws-of-burgos-500-years-of-human-rights/ Dokokin Burgos: Shekaru 500 na 'Yancin Dan Adam] daga Littattafan Shari'a na blog. === Abubuwa na sauti da kallon === * [https://udhr.audio/ UDHR Audio / Video project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426015816/https://udhr.audio/ |date=2020-04-26 }} (rakodin cikin yaruka 500 + ta masu magana da harshen asalin) * [http://librivox.org/the-universal-declaration-of-human-rights-by-the-united-nations/ Librivox: Rikodin sauti na mutum-karanta a cikin Harsuna da yawa] * [https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/eleanorrooseveltdeclarationhumanrights.htm Rubutu, Audio, da kuma Bunkunin Adireshin Eleanor Roosevelt ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam na Duniya] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epVZrYbDVis Takaitaccen bayani game da Bayyanar da Kare Hakkin Dan Adam] ta Amnesty International a YouTube (a cikin Ingilishi tsawon minti 20 da sakan 23). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080910145004/http://webcast.un.org/ramgen/ondemand/legal/audio/humanrights/dr_charles_malik-human_rights_06_nov_48.rm Audio: Bayanin Charles Malik a matsayin Wakilin Lebanon ga Kwamitin Na Uku na Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan sanarwar Universal, 6 Nuwamba 1948] * [http://www.columbia.edu/ccnmtl/projects/mmt/udhr/ramfiles/udhr_045.ram Sanarwar Sanarwar Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ga masu gabatar da sanarwar] * [http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/udhr/udhr_video.html Littattafai masu sauraro] a kan Sanarwar Kasashen Duniya Game da Hakkiin Yan-Adam a cikin [http://legal.un.org/avl/historicarchives.html Tarihin Tarihi na Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Audiovisual Library of the International Law] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mism6xjq3b16ast41jojyxgwpq1ft51 0 15290 915974 885615 2026-09-04T08:37:03Z Zahrah0 14848 An kirkira ta fassara "Personal life" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372545769|Branwen Okpako]]" 915974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   [[Farfesa|Farfesa.]] '''Branwen Kiemute Okpako''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1969), ɗan asalin Najeriya ne Mai shirya fim-finai na Welsh.<ref name="okpako">{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://ballhausnaunynstrasse.de/person/branwen_okpako/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=ballhausnaunynstrasse}}</ref> Ta fi shahara a matsayin darektan fina-finai masu daraja. The Education of Auma Obama, Dirt for Dinner and Landing. Baya ga shugabanci, ita ma marubuciya ce, furodusa, mai daukar hoto, editan fim da kuma malami.<ref name="berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Fluch der Medea |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=berlinale}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu 1969 a [[Lagos (birni)|jahar Legas]], Najeriya . <ref name="berlinale" /> A lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma [[Wales]].<ref name="okpako" /> A shekara ta 1991, Okpako ta sami B.Sc. a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Bristol, Ingila kuma daga baya ya bi hanyar MFA daidai a cikin jagorancin fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Jamus Berlin GmbH, Berlin (DFFB) a cikin 1999.<ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}</ref> Ta auri Johannes Brandrup, inda daga baya suka sake aure. == Personal life == A shekara ta 1991, Okpako ta sami B.Sc. == Rayuwarta == An haife ta ne a ranar 25 ga watan Fabrairu shekara ta alif 1969 a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya . <ref name="berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Fluch der Medea |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=berlinale}}</ref> A lokacin da take da shekaru 16, ta koma [[Wales]].<ref name="okpako">{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://ballhausnaunynstrasse.de/person/branwen_okpako/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=ballhausnaunynstrasse}}</ref> A shekara ta alif 1991, Okpako ta sami B.Sc. a kimiyyar siyasa daga Jami'ar Bristol, Ingila kuma daga baya ya bi hanyar MFA daidai a cikin jagorancin fim daga Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Jamus Berlin GmbH, Berlin (DFFB) a cikin shekarar alif 1999.<ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}</ref> Ta auri Johannes Brandrup, inda daga baya suka sake aure. == Ayyuka == Yayinda take cikin shekara ta ƙarshe ta DFFB, ta samar da gajeren fim dinta na farko ''Dreckfresser'' a shekara ta 2000.<ref name="berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Fluch der Medea |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=berlinale}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills "Fluch der Medea"]. berlinale<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Fim din ya mayar da hankali ne game da dan sanda baƙar fata na farko a Gabashin Jamus. Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka da yawa na kasa da kasa ciki har da Matakai na Farko: Kyautar Sabon Jamusanci don Fim na Bayanai 2000, Kyautar IG Media a Dok Leipzig a cikin 2000, Kyautar rarrabawa daga Tallace-tallace 2000. Har ila yau, ya lashe kyautar fim din mafi kyau a mako na 24 na Duisburg . A shekara ta 2001, fim din ya girmama tare da Kyautar Bayanan Gwamnatin Jihar Bavaria "The Young Lion" kuma a matsayin fim mafi kyawun digiri a bikin See Docs Dubrovnik.<ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako "Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media"]. University of California, Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="africasacountry">{{Cite web |title=5 Questions for Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=africasacountry}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, ta yi fim din ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' . Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Toronto a wannan shekarar kuma an haɗa shi a gasar fina-fakka a bikin fina'a da talabijin na Panafrican na Ouagadougou (FESPACO) a shekara ta 2005. Tare da nasarar fina-finai biyu na farko, ta yi fim din Die Geschichte der [[Auma Obama]] a cikin 2011, inda fim din ya sami lambar yabo ta Viewers Choice a bikin fina-fukkuna na Afirka. <ref name="africasacountry">{{Cite web |title=5 Questions for Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=africasacountry}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako "5 Questions for Filmmaker Branwen Okpako"]. africasacountry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Fim din ya samo asali ne daga rayuwar farko ta tsohon shugaban Amurka [[Barack Obama]], saboda Okpako aboki ne na 'yar'uwar Barack Auma Obama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hybrid Approach: An Interview with the Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/492644/pdf |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=Women in German Yearbook: Feminist Studies in German Literature & Culture}}</ref> A shekara ta 2012, fim din ya lashe lambar yabo ta Afirka Movie Academy Awards don [[Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka ga Mafi Kyawun Bayani|Mafi kyawun Bayani na Diaspora]] da kuma Kyautar Masu Kafa Festival don Mafi kyawun Tarihi a bikin fina-finai na Pan African a Los Angeles . <ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako "Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media"]. University of California, Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> A cikin shekara ta 2014, Okpako ya yi fim din wasan kwaikwayo mai suna Fluch der Medea . Fim din ya mayar da hankali ne game da rayuwar marigayi marubucin Jamus Christa Wolf . Fim din ya zama firaminista a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin a wannan shekarar.<ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako "Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media"]. University of California, Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Okpako ya kuma yi wasan kwaikwayo da yawa kamar, ''Schwarz Tragen'' (2013), ''Maggie Burns'' (2009), Scramble Quiz Video (2008), ''Das Singende Kamel'' (2007), Bloodknot (2007), da Seh ich ya kasance, Du nicht siehst (2002). <ref name="berlinale">{{Cite web |title=Fluch der Medea |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=berlinale}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2014/02_programm_2014/02_filmdatenblatt_2014_20147520.html#tab=filmStills "Fluch der Medea"]. berlinale<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Baya ga fina-finai, Okpako cikakken Farfesa ne a Sashen Fim da Kafofin Watsa Labarai na Dijital a Jami'ar California, Davis . <ref name="usdavis">{{Cite web |title=Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media |url=https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=University of California, Davis}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://arts.ucdavis.edu/faculty-profile/branwen-okpako "Branwen Okpako: Associate Professor of Cinema and Digital Media"]. University of California, Davis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="africasacountry">{{Cite web |title=5 Questions for Filmmaker Branwen Okpako |url=https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=africasacountry}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://africasacountry.com/2015/01/5-questions-for-a-filmmaker-branwen-okpako "5 Questions for Filmmaker Branwen Okpako"]. africasacountry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Tabbacin. |- |1995 |''Vorspiel'' |Darakta, marubuci, edita, furodusa |Fim din | |- |1997 |''Saukowa'' |Darakta, marubuci, edita, furodusa |Fim din | |- |1998 |''Neman Taid'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |1999 |''LoveLoveLiebe'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2000 |''Dreckfresser'' (Dirt for Dinner) |Darakta, marubuci, furodusa |Hotunan fim na talabijin |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dreckfresser / Dirt for Dinner - Film Screening and Q&A with director Branwen Okpako |url=https://calendar.oberlin.edu/event/dreckfresser_dirt_for_dinner_-_film_screening_and_qa_with_director_branwen_okpako |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=oberlin}}</ref> |- |2003 |''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' (Kwarin Mai Rashin Ruuri) |Darakta, marubuci |Hotuna | |- |2011 |Die Geschichte der Auma Obama (Ilimi na Auma Obama) |Darakta, marubuci, edita, furodusa |Hotuna |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Writer-in-Residence Tackles African Diaspora, German Identity Through Film |url=https://oberlinreview.org/tag/branwen-okpako/ |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=The Oberlin Review}}</ref> |- |2014 |Fluch der Medea (Curse of Medea) |Darakta, marubuci, edita, mai daukar hoto |Fim din | |- |2017 |''[[A Hotel Called Memory|Otal ɗin da ake kira Memory]]'' |Marubuci |Fim din | |- |TBD |''Labaran Labarai'' |Actress: Blue (murya) |Fim din | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d1hlodwn044ldkawz76gox84115aa1t 0 17754 915973 911044 2026-09-04T08:35:18Z Zahrah0 14848 An kirkira ta fassara "Early life and background" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371694890|Falalu A Dorayi]]" 915973 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Falalu Abubakar Dorayi''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Falalu A. Dorayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], furodusa, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=23 January 2015 |title=Why Falalu Dorayi is one of most sought-after Kannywood directors {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/175489-falalu-dorayi-one-sought-kannywood-directors.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=27 August 2017 |title=KANNYWOOD INTERVIEW: Returning to the Cinemas, movie makers now smile to bank – Falalu Dorayi {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/241649-kannywood-interview-returning-cinemas-movie-makers-now-smile-bank-falalu-dorayi.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Times News}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko da Tarihi == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1977 a Dorayi, Gwale, Jihar Kano ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano. Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano. Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga Jami'ar Bayero Kano kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano a cikin 2017. Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a Indiya.[1] == Early life and background == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairu shekara ta alif 1977 a Dorayi, [[Gwale (Kano)|Gwale]], [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano.Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano..Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a [[Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule|Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano]] a cikin shekarar 2017..Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a [[Indiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=9 October 2014 |title=20 Kannywood actors and producers attend film training course in India {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/169275-20-kannywood-actors-and-producers-attend-film-training-course-in-india.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref> == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Title !Year |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Fitilar Dare'' |ND |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa’a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Match Maker) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''There’s a Way'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- |''Gidan Badamasi'' | |} == Ayyuka == Dorayi ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar fina-finai a shekarar 1997, tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta gida lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare Dorayi ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]], fim din biyu na farko da ya jagoranta ya dauki shi kuma mai gabatar da fim din ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ba kansa lambar yabo ta darektan. Ya sami wata dama ta darektan tare da Sarauniya Films inda ya jagoranci fim din da ake kira ''Kwangiri'', sannan ''Uwargida'' da ''Majalisa'' suka biyo baya. Dorayi ya zama sananne bayan ya jagoranci ''Basaja'' (2013), inda ya fito da ƙungiyar da ta hada da [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango]], da [[Hadiza Aliyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basaja [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/basaja |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara kuma an zabi shi a 2014 City People Entertainment Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards – Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Dorayi ta samar da ''Gwaska'' (wanda [[Adam A Zango]] ya jagoranta), sannan daga baya ''Komawar Gwaska'' a cikin 2017. A shekarar 2019, Dorayi ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito da wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kewaye da "Badamasi Family".Wasan kwaikwayon ya shafi dangin Bamasi waɗanda suka yi wa shi hari lokacin da ya kasa cika alkawuransa. Ya sami kyautar Mafi Kyawun Jarumin Kannywood Industry" a fim ɗin ''[[Kwana Casa'in]]''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Previous source did not back this claim.|date=November 2024}}. i== Hotunan fina-finai == Jerin fina-finai da Dorayi ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falalu A. Dorayi [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/falalu_a._dorayi |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |ND |- |''Kwangiri'' |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa'a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Mai yin Wasanni) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''Akwai Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- |Gidan Badamasi |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Jarumin fim maza yan Najeriya]] ir1eb68unyn5d3z3zi9kh5ueahfuz5v 0 18320 915543 443342 2026-09-03T14:46:11Z Jeremy Greenstock 48530 /* Majalisar Shugaban kasa */ 915543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Shugaban na Iraki''' ya kasan ce kuma shi ne [[Shugaban kasa|shugaban kasar]] [[Iraƙi|Iraki]] kuma "yana kare sadaukar da kai ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki da kuma kiyaye 'yancin Iraki,' yancinta, hadin kai, tsaron yankunanta daidai da tanadin kundin tsarin mulki". <ref>[[Constitution of Iraq]], [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/12/AR2005101201450.html Article 64]</ref> Majalisar Wakilai ce ke zabar Shugaban kasar da kashi biyu bisa uku, <ref>[[Constitution of Iraq]], Article 67</ref> kuma an iyakance shi da wa’adi biyu na shekaru hudu. <ref>[[Constitution of Iraq]], Article 69</ref> Shugaban yana da alhakin rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da dokokin da Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar, yana bayar da gafara kan shawarar Firayim Minista, kuma yana yin "aikin Babban Kwamandan Sojoji na bukukuwan girmamawa". <ref>[[Constitution of Iraq]], Article 70</ref> Tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 2000, Fadar Shugaban kasa da farko ofishi ce ta alama, saboda matsayin bai mallaki wani iko a cikin kasar ba kamar yadda tsarin mulkin da aka amince da shi a watan Oktoba na 2005 ya nuna . Shugaban yanzu shine Barham Salih tun daga 2 ga watan Oktoba 2018. == list == ==[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Governors (1534–1623)== [[File:Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha entering Istanbul with the hostage Safavid Prince Haydar Mirza in 1590.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha]] entering Istanbul with the hostage Safavid Prince [[Haydar Mirza]] in 1590.{{sfn|Taner|2020|p=173, Figure 4.4}}]] [[File:Yusuf Paşa (detail) visiting the Pond of Abraham. Sefernāme of Muhlisi, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, Turc 127, fol. 17b.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Hadim Yusuf Pasha]], Ottoman Governor of [[Baghdad]] in 1605–1606, a [[Circassians|Circassian]] by birth and a eunuch. ''Sefernāme'' of Muhlisi (BNF, Turc 127).{{sfn|Taner|2020|p=Figure 3.5}}<ref name="Bib">{{cite web |title=Paris. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des manuscrits, Turc 127 Biblissima |url=https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata7fade39669a9eb7f1c316338437b8840e9679f6f |website=portail.biblissima.fr}}</ref>]] Ottoman [[Capture of Baghdad (1534)|capture of Baghdad in 1534]]. {{colbegin}} * [[Hadım Suleiman Pasha]] (1535–1536){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=62, note 147}} * Ṣofu Meḥmed Paşa (1544–1545){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=62, note 147}} * Ayas Pasha (1545–1547)<ref name="Taner 2019">{{cite book |last1=Taner |first1=Melis |title=Caught in a Whirlwind: A Cultural History of Ottoman Baghdad as Reflected in Its Illustrated Manuscripts |date=14 October 2019 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-41280-4 |page=26 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ovb7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26 |language=en}}</ref> * Murad Pasha (1569–1572)<ref name="Taner 2019"/> * [[Elvendzāde ʿAlī Paşa]] (1574–1576, 1582–1583, 1597–1598){{sfn|Taner|2020|pp=iv, 32, 38, 176}}<ref name="Taner 2019"/> * Cigalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (1586–1589, 1592)<ref name="Taner 2019"/> * Ḥıżır Paşa (1592).{{sfn|Taner|2020|p=62, note 147}} * [[Sokulluzade Hasan Pasha]] (1595–1596, 1598–1602){{sfn|Taner|2020|pp=iv, 176}} * Mehmed Pasha, son of [[Koca Sinan Pasha|Sinan Pasha]] (1602–1604)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tezcan |first1=Baki |title=The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World |date=13 September 2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-51949-6 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s4Ur_agZi2oC&pg=PA148 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Hadım Yusuf Paşa]] (1605–1606){{sfn|Taner|2020|pp=56, 124}} * Tavilzade Muhammed (rebel, 1606–1607){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=56}} * Mustafa b. Tavilzade Muhammed (rebel, 1608){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=56}} * Cigalazade Mahmud Paşa (1608){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=57}} * [[:tr:Kadızâde Ali Paşa|Kadızâde Ali Paşa]] (1610–1612){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=58, 62 note 147}} * [[Dilaver Pasha]] (1614){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=60}} * Mustafa Paşa{{sfn|Taner|2020|p=61}} * Hafız Ahmed Paşa (3 years){{sfn|Taner|2020|p=62}} * Kemankeş ʿAli Paşa{{sfn|Taner|2020|pp=63-64}} * Yusuf Paşa{{sfn|Taner|2020|p=64}} {{colend}} ===Safavid control (1623–38)=== Between 1623 and 1638, the city was under the control of the Safavid Empire. Safavid governors: [[Safiqoli Khan]] (c. 1625–1631) and [[Bektash Khan (governor of Baghdad)|Bektash Khan]] (1631–1638). This is a list of [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid]] governors (''wali''s) of [[Baghdad]], ruling over [[Iraq (region)|Iraq]].<ref name=fbsuback>{{cite web|title= HUKAM (Arabic Language)|url=http://www.hukam.net/family.php?fam=403}}</ref> * Looe looe Hussain (1508–1515) * Fanharez (1515–1524) * Mohamed Khan Bin Sharafaldeen (1529–1533) * Tekkelu Muhammad Sultan Khan (1533–1534) * Safyaldeen Qaly Khan (1623–1631) * [[Bektash Khan Mirimanidze]] (1631–1638) * Yaftash Khan (1641–1638) ==[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] walis (1638–1704)== Source:<ref name=fbsuback>{{cite web|title= HUKAM (Arabic Language)|url=http://www.hukam.net/family.php?twn=85#5553}}</ref> {{colbegin}} * Kashik Hassan Pasha (1638–1639) * Darwesh Pasha (1639–1642) * Kashik Hassan (1642–1644) * Daly Hussain (1644–1644) * Mohamed Pasha (1644–1645) * Mussa Pasha (1645–1646) * Ibrahim Pasha (1646–1646) * Mussa Semiz (1546–1647) * Malik Ahmed (1647–1647) * Arsalan Najdi Zadah (1647–1649) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1649–1649) * Hussain Pasha (1649–1650) * Qarah Mustafa (1651–1652) * Murtazah (1653–1654) * Aq Mohamed (1654–1656) * Khasiky Mohamed (1657–1659) * Mustafa Pasha (1659–1659) * Khasiky Mohamed (1659–1661) * Kanbur Mustafa (1661–1663) * Bambej Mustafa (1663–1664) * Qarah Mustafa (1664–1664) * Uzon Ibrahim (1664–1666) * Qarah Mustafa (1666–1671) * Selihdar Hussain (1671–1674) * Abdulrahman Pasha (1674–1676) * Kablan Mustafa Marzonly (1676–1677) * Omar Pasha (1677–1681) * Ibrahim Pasha (1681–1684) * Omar Pasha (1684–1686) * Shokoh Ahmed Katkothah (1686–1686) * Omar Pasha (1686–1687) * Hassan Pasha (1688–1690) * Ahmed Bazergan (1690–1690) * Ahmed Pasha (1691–1693) * Haji Ahmed Qalayli (1693–1695) * Ali Pasha (1695–1695) * Hassan Pasha (1696–1698) * Ismael Pasha (1698–1700) * Ali Pasha (1700–1702) * Youssef Pasha (1703–1704) {{colend}} ==[[Mamluk dynasty of Iraq|Mamluk of Iraq]] (1704–1831)== The Mamluks ruled the [[Eyalet|pashaliks]] of [[Baghdad Eyalet|Baghdad]], [[Basra Eyalet|Basrah]], and [[Shahrizor Eyalet|Shahrizor]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Coke|first=Richard|title=Baghdad, The City of Peace|year=1927|publisher=Taylor & Francis|pages=232–233}}</ref> The pashalik of [[Mosul Eyalet|Mosul]] was ruled by the [[Iraqi people|Iraqi]] [[Jalili dynasty]]. {{colbegin}} *[[Hassan Pasha (Mamluk)|Hassan Pasha]] (1704–1723) *[[Ahmad Pasha of Baghdad|Ahmad Pasha]] (1723–1747) son of Hassan *[[Sulayman Abu Layla Pasha]] (1749–1762) son-in-law of Ahmad *[[Omar Pasha of Baghdad|Omar Pasha]] (1762–1776) son of Ahmad *Abdullah Pasha (1776–1777) *[[Sulayman Pasha the Great]] (1780–1802) son of Omar *[[Ali Pasha of Baghdad|Ali Pasha]] (1802–1807) son of Omar *[[Sulayman Pasha the Little]] (1807–1810) son of Sulayman Great *[[Said Pasha of Baghdad|Said Pasha]] (1813–1816) son of Sulayman Great *[[Dawud Pasha of Baghdad|Dawud Pasha]] (1816–1831) {{colend}} ==[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] walis (1831–1917)== [[File:Midhat pasha.jpg|thumbnail|Midhat Pasha]] [[File:JemalPasha.jpg|thumbnail|Djemal Pasha with [[Anazzah]] tribal leaders, celebrating the completion of the al-Hindya dam on the Euphrates river near [[al-Hilla]], south of [[Baghdad]].]] [[File:Suleyman nazif.jpg|thumbnail|Süleyman Nazif]] ===1831–1902=== {|class="wikitable" |- !Person !Time as governor |- |[[Ali Rıza Pasha (governor of Baghdad)|Ali Rıza Pasha]] |1831–1842 |- |Najeb Pasha |1842–1849 |- |Abdul-Karim Pasha |1849–1850 |- |Mohamed Wajeh Pasha |1850–1851 |- |[[Mehmed Namık Pasha]]<ref name=Owen>{{cite book|author=Owem, Roger |title=The Middle East in the world economy, 1800–1914 |date=31 December 1993 |isbn=9781850436584 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zIjRVxZj8b4C&q=related:ISBN0195049519&pg=181}}</ref> |1851–1852 |- |Rashid Pasha |1852–1857 |- |[[Omar Pasha]] |1858–1859 |- |Mustafa Nuri Pasha |1859–1861 |- |Ahmed Tawfiq Pasha |1861 |- |Mehmed Namık Pasha |1862–1867 |- |Taqialden Pasha |1867–1869 |- |[[Midhat Pasha]]<ref name="Gábor">{{cite book |first1=Gábor |last1=Ágoston |first2=Bruce A. |last2=Masters |date=2009 |title= Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|isbn=9781438110257 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA378}}</ref> |1869–1872 |- |[[Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha]] |1872–1873 |- |Radif Pasha |1873–1875 |- |[[Abdurrahman Nurettin Pasha|Abdel Rahman Pasha]] |1875–1877 |- |Akif Pasha |1877–1878 |- |Qadri Pasha |1878 |- |AbdelRahman Pasha |1879–1880 |- |Taqialden Pasha |1880–1887 |- |Mustafa Asim Pasha |1887–1889 |- |[[Giritli Sırrı Pasha|Sırrı Pasha]] |1890–1891 |- |Hassan Pasha |1891–1896 |- |Atteallah Pasha Kawakeby |1896–1899 |- |Namık Pasha |1899–1902 |- |''Source'':<ref name=fbsuback2>{{cite web|title= HUKAM (Arabic language)|url=http://www.hukam.net/family.php?twn=85#5613}}</ref> |} ===1902–1917=== {|class="wikitable" |- !Person !Time as governor |- |[[Ahmed Fayzi Pasha]] |1902–1904 |- |Abdulwahab Pasha |1904–1905 |- |Abdulmajeed Pasha |1905–1906 |- |Abu Bakir Hazem Pasha |1907–1908 |- |Nadim I Pasha |1908 |- |Najemaldeen Beg |1908–1909 |- |Mohamed Fadil Pasha |1909 |- |Shawket Pasha |1909–1910 |- |[[Nazım Pasha]] |1910–1911 |- |Youssef Agah Pasha |1911 |- |[[Djemal Pasha]] |1911–1912 |- |Ali Redha Pasha |1912 |- |Mohamed Zaki Pasha |1912–1913 |- |Mohamed Fadil Pasha |1913–1914 |- |[[Süleyman Nazif]] Pasha |1914–1915 |- |Nurialdeen Pasha |1915 |- |[[Halil Kut|Khalil Pasha]] |1916–1917 |} ==Civil Commissioners in Mesopotamia== Civil Commissioners in Mesopotamia 27 Nov 1914 - Mar 1918 Sir Percy Zachariah Cox (s.a.) Mil (chief political officer to the Indian Expedition­ary Force D in Mesopotamia to Jul 1917) Mar 1918 - 4 Oct 1920 Arnold Talbot Wilson (acting) (s.a.) Mil (from 18 May 1920, Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson) (acting Civil Commissioner and Political Resident) ==High Commissioners of Iraq== British General Officers Commanding-in-Chief, Indian Expeditionary Force "D" 13 Nov 1914 - 9 Apr 1915 Sir Arthur Arnold Barrett (b. 1857 - d. 1926) 9 Apr 1915 - 19 Jan 1916 Sir John Eccles Nixon (b. 1857 - d. 1921) 19 Jan 1916 - 16 Feb 1916 Sir Percy Henry Noel Lake (b. 1855 - d. 1940) British General Officers Commanding-in-Chief, Mesopotamian Expeditionary Force 16 Feb 1916 - 28 Aug 1916 Sir Percy Henry Noel Lake (s.a.) 28 Aug 1916 - 18 Nov 1917 Sir Frederick Stanley Maude (b. 1864 - d. 1917) 19 Nov 1917 - 10 Jan 1919 Sir William Raine Marshall (b. 1865 - d. 1939) Civil Commissioner for Mesopotamia 10 Jan 1919 - 4 Oct 1920 Arnold Talbot Wilson (acting) (b. 1884 - d. 1940) (from 18 May 1920, Sir Arnold Talbot Wilson) ==List of heads of mission== ===High commissioners for Iraq (and commander-in-chief, from 1922) === *1920&ndash;1923: [[Percy Cox|Sir Percy Cox]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32583 |page=550 |date=20 January 1922 }}</ref> *1923&ndash;1929: [[Henry Dobbs|Sir Henry Dobbs]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=32865 |page=6425 |date=25 September 1923 }}</ref> *1929: [[Gilbert Clayton|Sir Gilbert Clayton]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33485 |page=2434 |date=12 April 1929 }}</ref> *1929&ndash;1932: [[Francis Humphrys|Sir Francis Humphrys]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=33556 |page=7780 |date=29 November 1929 }}</ref> ===Ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary to His Majesty the King of Iraq=== *1932&ndash;1935: [[Francis Humphrys|Sir Francis Humphrys]] *1935&ndash;1937: [[Archibald Clark Kerr, 1st Baron Inverchapel|Sir Archibald Clark Kerr]] *1937&ndash;1939: [[Maurice Peterson|Sir Maurice Peterson]] *1939&ndash;1941: [[Basil Newton|Sir Basil Newton]] *1941&ndash;1945: [[Kinahan Cornwallis|Sir Kinahan Cornwallis]] *1945&ndash;1948: [[Hugh Stonehewer Bird|Sir Hugh Stonehewer Bird]] *1948&ndash;1951: [[Henry Mack (diplomat)|Sir Henry Mack]]<ref>[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U157032 MACK, Sir (William) Henry (Bradshaw)], Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 22 July 2012</ref> *1951&ndash;1954: [[John Troutbeck (diplomat)|Sir John Troutbeck]]<ref>[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U160433 TROUTBECK, Sir John Monro], Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 22 July 2012</ref> *1954&ndash;1958: [[Michael Wright (diplomat)|Sir Michael Wright]]<ref>[http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U161229 WRIGHT, Sir Michael (Robert)], Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007, accessed 22 July 2012</ref> ===Ambassadors extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the Republic of Iraq=== *1958&ndash;1961: [[Humphrey Trevelyan, Baron Trevelyan|Sir Humphrey Trevelyan]] *1961&ndash;1965: [[Roger Allen (diplomat)|Sir Roger Allen]] *1965&ndash;1967: [[Richard Ashton Beaumont|Sir Richard Beaumont]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=43803 |date=29 October 1965 |page=10076 }}</ref> *1967&ndash;1968: ''Break in diplomatic relations due to the [[Six-Day War]]''<ref>{{cite journal | date=28 January 2009| title = Sir Richard Beaumont | journal = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/4376028/Sir-Richard-Beaumont.html | access-date = 2009-07-12}}</ref> *1968&ndash;1969: [[Trefor Evans (diplomat)|Trefor Evans]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=44622 |date=27 June 1968 |page=7173 }}</ref> *1969&ndash;1971: [[Glencairn Balfour Paul]] *1971&ndash;1974: ''Break in diplomatic relations following [[Seizure of Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs|Iran's seizure of the Tunb islands]]'' *1974&ndash;1977: [[Sir John Graham, 4th Baronet|John Graham]] *1977&ndash;1980: [[Alexander Stirling]] *1980&ndash;1982: [[Stephen Egerton (diplomat)|Stephen Egerton]] *1982&ndash;1985: [[John Moberly (diplomat)|Sir John Moberly]] *1985&ndash;1989: [[Terence Clark]] *1990&ndash;1991: [[Harold Berners Walker|Sir Harold Walker]] *1991&ndash;2004: ''Break in diplomatic relations following the [[Gulf War|First Gulf War]]'' *2004&ndash;2005: [[Edward Chaplin (diplomat)|Edward Chaplin]] *2005&ndash;2006: [[William Patey]] *2006&ndash;2007: [[Dominic Asquith]] *2007&ndash;2009: [[Christopher Prentice]] *2009&ndash;2011: [[John Jenkins (diplomat)|John Jenkins]] *2011&ndash;2012: [[Michael Aron]] *2012&ndash;2014: [[Simon Paul Collis]] *2014&ndash;2017: [[Frank Baker (diplomat)|Frank Baker]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-iraq |title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq |publisher=Foreign & Commonwealth Office |date=29 August 2014}}</ref> *2017&ndash;2019: [[Jonathan Wilks]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-iraq--2 |title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq |publisher=Foreign & Commonwealth Office |date=26 July 2017}}</ref> <!-- The coding in the following line is for the *current ambassador*. On a change of ambassador, please make a new normal line (above this comment) for the outgoing ambassador, then put the new name (wikilinked as appropriate) between the onlyinclude and /onlyinclude tags, and any reference *after* the /onlyinclude tag. This takes the name automatically to "List of heads of missions of the United Kingdom" --> *2019&ndash;2021: [[Stephen Hickey (diplomat)|Stephen Hickey]] *2021–2023: [[Mark Bryson-Richardson]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Change of Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Republic of Iraq: Mark Bryson-Richardson |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-her-majestys-ambassador-to-the-republic-of-iraq-mark-bryson-richardson |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> *2023–2025: [[Stephen Hitchen]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Change of His Majesty's Ambassador to Iraq: Stephen Hitchen |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/change-of-his-majestys-ambassador-to-iraq-stephen-hitchen |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> *2025–present: <onlyinclude>Irfan Siddiq</onlyinclude><ref>{{cite web | title=الموارد المائية لـ واع: شحة المياه مشكلة إقليمية » وكالة الانباء العراقية (واع) | url=https://ina.iq/eng/39431-prime-minister-meets-british-ambassador-to-baghdad.html }}</ref> =====Mandate territories===== * The [[Mandatory Iraq]] high commissioners – After [[Ottoman Iraq]] was conquered by British forces, the mandate territory had four incumbents, after a single civilian Administrator (10 January 1919 – 1 October 1920 Sir [[Arnold Wilson|Arnold Talbot Wilson]]), continuing ten years after the accession to the throne and most of the rule of the country's first [[Malik]] (King, reigned 23 August 1921 – 8 September 1933) [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faysal I]] (b. 1885 – d. 1933) : **1 October 1920 – 4 May 1923 Sir [[Percy Cox|Percy Zachariah Cox]] (b. 1864 – d. 1937) **4 May 1923 – October 1928 Sir [[Henry Dobbs|Henry Robert Conway Dobbs]] (acting to 15 September 1923) (b. 1871 – d. 1934) **October 1928 – 11 September 1929 Sir [[Gilbert Falkingham Clayton]] (b. 1875 – d. 1929) **3 October 1929 – 3 October 1932 Sir [[Francis Humphrys|Francis Henry Humphrys]] (b. 1879 – d. 1971) *The [[Mandatory Palestine]] high commissioners **1 July 1920 – 1925 Sir [[Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel|Herbert Louis Samuel]] (1879–1963), until the 1922 establishment of the mandate actually the first civilian who took over, already as High Commissioner, from the three consecutive [[Mandatory Palestine|military administrators]] since the 1917 conquest by British forces **1925 Sir [[Gilbert Falkingham Clayton]] (acting) (1875–1929) **25 August 1925 – August 1928 [[Herbert Plumer, 1st Viscount Plumer|Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer, Baron Plumer]] (1857–1932) **August 1928 – 6 December 1928 Sir [[Harry Luke|Harry Charles Luke]] (acting) (1884–1969) **6 December 1928 – 1931 Sir [[John Robert Chancellor]] (1870–1952) **1931–1932 [[Mark Aitchison Young]] (acting) (1886–1974) **1932 – September 1937 Sir [[Arthur Grenfell Wauchope]] (1874–1947) **September 1937 – March 1938 [[William Denis Battershill]] (acting) (1896–1959) **3 March 1938 – 3 September 1944 Sir [[Harold MacMichael|Harold Alfred MacMichael]] (1882–1969) **3 September 1944 – 21 November 1945 [[John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort|John Standish Surtees Prendergast Vereker, Viscount Gort]] (1886–1946) **21 November 1945 – 14 May 1948 Sir [[Alan Gordon Cunningham]] (1887–1983) ==Chairman of the Council of State== *11 Nov 1920 - 23 Aug 1921 Saiyid Abdul Rahman al-Haydari al-Gaylani ==King-designate of Iraq (1920)== {{Succession table monarch | name1 = '''[[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]]''' | nickname1 = | native1 = {{lang|ar|عبد الله الأول بن الحسين}} | life1 = {{Birth date|1882|2|2|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1951|7|20|1882|2|2|df=y}} | reignstart1 = 1920 | reignend1 = 1920 | notes1 = Designated by [[Cairo Conference (1921)|Cairo Conference]]. Never took throne.<br />Son of [[Hussein, King of Hejaz|Hussein bin Ali]] | family1 = Hashemite | image1 = Abdullah, King of Jordan between 1939 and 1945 from Cecil Beaton Photographs- Political and Military Personalities- CBM1666 (cropped).jpg | alt1 = Abdullah I of Jordan }} ==Kings of Iraq (1921–1958)== {{Succession table monarch | name1 = '''[[Faisal I]]''' | nickname1 = | native1 = {{lang|ar|فيصل الأول}} | life1 = {{Birth date|1883|5|20|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1933|9|8|1883|5|20|df=y}} | reignstart1 = 23 August 1921 | reignend1 = 8 September 1933<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1933/09/09/archives/feisal-of-iraq-dies-suddenly-in-berne-suffers-heart-attack-after.html|title=FEISAL OF IRAQ DIES SUDDENLY IN BERNE|date=9 September 1933|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | notes1 = Previously [[List of Syrian monarchs|King of Syria]] for a short period in 1920.<br />Brother of Abdullah | family1 = Hashemite | image1 = King-faisal-i-of-iraq-kopiya (3x4 cropped).jpg | alt1 = Faisal I of Iraq | name2 = '''[[Ghazi of Iraq|Ghazi I]]''' | nickname2 = | native2 = {{lang|ar|غازي الأول}} | life2 = {{Birth date|1912|3|21|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1939|4|4|1912|3|21|df=y}} | reignstart2 = 8 September 1933 | reignend2 = 4 April 1939<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/04/04/archives/king-ghazi-of-iraq-killed-in-an-automobile-accident-ruler-27.html|title=King Ghazi of Iraq Killed In an Automobile Accident|date=4 April 1939|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | notes2 = Son of Faisal I | family2 = Hashemite | image2 = Ghazi I Portrait (3x4 cropped).jpg | alt2 = Ghazi I of Iraq | name3 = '''[[Faisal II]]''' | nickname3 = | native3 = {{lang|ar|فيصل الثاني}} | life3 = {{Birth date|1935|5|2|df=y}} – {{Death date and age|1958|7|14|1935|5|2|df=y}} | reignstart3 = 4 April 1939 | reignend3 = 14 July 1958<br />{{small|(deposed and executed)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/07/15/archives/revolution-in-iraq.html|title=Revolution in Iraq|date=15 July 1958|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/07/17/archives/faisals-death-recounted.html|title=Faisal's Death Recounted|date=17 July 1958|agency=UPI|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 November 2025}}</ref> | notes3 = Son of Ghazi I | family3 = Hashemite | image3 = Faisal II of Iraq, 1950s (3x4 cropped).jpg | alt3 = Faisal II of Iraq }} ==Reign of [[Faisal II]]== {| width=98% class="wikitable" ! width=10% | Image ! width=30% | Name ! width=20% | Regency start ! width=20% | Regency end |- | width="100%" height="4" colspan="4" | <span style="font-size:125%;">'''Regent'''</span> during the minority of King [[Faisal II]]. |- |align="center"|[[File:Regent Emir Abdul Illah of Iraq (Baghdad, during World War Two).jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[['Abd al-Ilah|Crown Prince Abdullah]] |align="center"|4 April 1939 |align="center"|1 April 1941<br><small>[[1941 Iraqi coup d'état|Deposed]].</small> |- |align="center"| |align="center"|[[Sharaf bin Rajeh]] |align="center"|1 April 1941 |align="center"|1 June 1941<br><small>Fled Iraq.</small> |- |align="center"|[[File:Regent Emir Abdul Illah of Iraq (Baghdad, during World War Two).jpg|80px]] |align="center"|[['Abd al-Ilah|Crown Prince Abdullah]] |align="center"|1 June 1941 |align="center"|2 May 1953<br><small>King Faisal's majority.</small> |- |} ==List of officeholders== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" | Portrait ! width=300; rowspan="2" | Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! rowspan="2" | Elected ! colspan="3" | Term of office ! rowspan="2" | Political party |- ! Took office ! Left office ! Time in office |- | colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" |[[File:Flag of Iraq (1959–1963).svg|30px]] → [[File:Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg|30px]] • '''[[First Republic of Iraq]]''' (1958–1968) • [[File:Emblem of Iraq (1959-1965).svg|20px]] → [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq (1965–1991).svg|20px]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Military rule}}; color:black;" | 1 | [[File:الربيعي.jpg|80px]] | [[Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i]]<br />محمد نجيب الربيعي<br />{{small|(1904–1965)}} | — | 14 July 1958 | 8 February 1963<br />{{small|([[Ramadan Revolution|deposed]])}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/02/09/archives/nasserite-coup-in-iraq-topples-kassims-regime-premiers-fate-is-in.html|title=NASSERITE COUP IN IRAQ TOPPLES KASSIM'S REGIME|date=9 February 1963|author=Dana Adams Schmidt|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | {{ayd|1958|7|14|1963|2|8}} | [[Iraqi Armed Forces|Military]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)}}; color:white;" | 2 | [[File:President Abd al-Salam Arif (3x4 cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Abdul Salam Arif]]<br />عبد السلام عارف<br />{{small|(1921–1966)}} | — | 8 February 1963 | 13 April 1966<br />{{small|(died in office)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/04/14/archives/iraqs-president-dead-in-air-crash-baghdad-radio-says-arifs-plane.html|title=IRAQ'S PRESIDENT DEAD IN AIR CRASH|date=14 April 1966|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | {{ayd|1963|2|8|1966|4|13}} | [[Iraqi Armed Forces|Military]] /<br /> [[Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)|Arab Socialist Union]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)}}; color:white;" | — | [[File:Abdel-Rahman Al-Bazzaz (3x4 cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Abdul-Rahman al-Bazzaz]]<br />عبد الرحمن البزاز<br />{{small|(1913–1973)}}<br />{{small|''Acting President''}} | — | 13 April 1966 | 16 April 1966 | {{ayd|1966|4|13|1966|4|16}} | [[Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)|Arab Socialist Union]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)}}; color:white;" | 3 | [[File:Abdel-Rahman Aref (3x4 cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Abdul Rahman Arif]]<br />عبد الرحمن عارف<br />{{small|(1916–2007)}} | — | 16 April 1966 | 17 July 1968<br />{{small|([[17 July Revolution|deposed]])}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/07/18/archives/junta-rules-iraq-in-rightist-coup-gen-albakr-an-expremier-heads.html|title=JUNTA RULES IRAQ IN RIGHTIST COUP|date=18 July 1968|author=Benjamin Welles|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | {{ayd|1966|4|16|1968|7|17}} | [[Iraqi Armed Forces|Military]] /<br /> [[Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)|Arab Socialist Union]] |- | colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" |[[File:Flag of Iraq (1963–1991).svg|30px]] → [[File:Flag of Iraq (1991–2004).svg|30px]] • '''[[Ba'athist Iraq]]''' (1968–2003) • [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq (1965–1991).svg|20px]] → [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq (1991–2004).svg|20px]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}; color:white;" | 4 | [[File:Ahmad Hassan el Bakr.jpg|80px]] | [[Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr]]<br />أحمد حسن البكر<br />{{small|(1914–1982)}} | — | 17 July 1968 | 16 July 1979<br />{{small|(resigned)}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/07/17/archives/bakr-quits-in-iraq-names-hussein-cabinet-changes-in-iraq.html|title=Bakr Quits in Iraq, Names Hussein|date=17 July 1979|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | {{ayd|1968|7|17|1979|7|16}} | [[Iraqi Armed Forces|Military]] /<br /> [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi Ba'ath Party]]<br>{{small|([[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region|Iraq Region]])}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region}}; color:white;" | 5 | [[File:Saddam Hussein 1979.jpg|80px]] | [[Saddam Hussein]]<br />صدام حسين<br />{{small|(1937–2006)}} | [[1995 Iraqi presidential referendum|1995]]<br />[[2002 Iraqi presidential referendum|2002]] | 16 July 1979 | 9 April 2003<br />{{small|([[Battle of Baghdad (2003)|deposed]])}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/10/international/worldspecial/us-forces-take-control-of-baghdad.html|title=U.S. Forces Take Control of Baghdad|date=10 April 2003|author=[[Patrick Tyler]]|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref> | {{ayd|1979|7|16|2003|4|9}} | [[Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)|Iraqi Ba'ath Party]]<br>{{small|([[Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Iraq Region|Iraq Region]])}} |- | colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" |[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|30px]] [[File:Flag of Iraq (1991–2004).svg|30px]] • '''Republic of Iraq''' (2003–2004) • [[File:Seal of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq.svg|20px]] [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq (1991–2004).svg|20px]]<hr />[[Coalition Provisional Authority]] {{small|([[Iraqi Governing Council]])}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; color:white;" | — | [[File:JAY GARNER (3x4 cropped).JPG|80px]] | [[Jay Garner]]<br />جاي غارنر<br />{{small|(born 1938)}}<br />{{small|Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance of Iraq}} | — | 21 April 2003 | 12 May 2003 | {{ayd|2003|4|21|2003|5|12}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<br>{{small|([[United States]])}} |- ! style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}; color:white;" | — | [[File:Paul Bremer (3x4 cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Paul Bremer]]<br />بول بريمر<br />{{small|(born 1941)}}<br />{{small|Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority of Iraq}} | — | 12 May 2003 | 28 June 2004 | {{ayd|2003|5|12|2004|6|28}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<br>{{small|([[United States]])}} |- | colspan="8" bgcolor="lightgrey" |[[File:Flag of Iraq (2004–2008).svg|30px]] → [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|30px]] • '''[[Iraq|Republic of Iraq]]''' (2004–present) • [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq (2004–2008).svg|20px]] → [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|20px]] |- ! style="background:#00009F; color:white;" | — | [[File:Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer 2004-06-01.jpg|80px]] | [[Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer]]<br />غازي مشعل عجيل الياور<br />{{small|(born 1958)}}<br />{{small|''Interim President''}} | [[2004 Iraqi presidential election|2004]] | 28 June 2004 | 7 April 2005 | {{ayd|2004|6|28|2005|4|7}} | [[The Iraqis (party)|The Iraqis]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union of Kurdistan}}; color:white;" | 6 | [[File:Jalal Talabani 2005-09-09.jpg|80px]] | [[Jalal Talabani]]<br />جلال طالباني<br />{{small|(1933–2017)}} | [[2005 Iraqi presidential election|2005]]<br/>[[2006 Iraqi presidential election|2006]]<br/>[[2010 Iraqi presidential election|2010]] | 7 April 2005 | 24 July 2014 | {{ayd|2005|4|7|2014|7|24}} | [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union of Kurdistan}}; color:white;" | 7 | [[File:Fuad Masum 2018.jpg|80px]] | [[Fuad Masum]]<br />فؤاد معصوم<br />{{small|(born 1938)}} | [[2014 Iraqi presidential election|2014]] | 24 July 2014 | 2 October 2018 | {{ayd|2014|7|24|2018|10|2}} | [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union of Kurdistan}}; color:white;" | 8 | [[File:Barham Salih in 2026 (cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Barham Salih]]<br />برهم صالح<br />{{small|(born 1960)}} | [[2018 Iraqi presidential election|2018]] | 2 October 2018 | 17 October 2022 | {{ayd|2018|10|2|2022|10|17}} | [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union of Kurdistan}}; color:white;" | 9 | [[File:Abdul Latif Rashid in Davos - 2025 - 02 (cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Abdul Latif Rashid]]<br />عبد اللطيف رشيد<br />{{small|(born 1944)}} | [[2022 Iraqi presidential election|2022]] | 17 October 2022 | 12 April 2026 | {{ayd|2022|10|17|2026|4|12}} | [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] |- ! style="background:{{party color|Patriotic Union of Kurdistan}}; color:white;" | 10 | [[File:نزار آميدي 2026 (cropped).jpg|80px]] | [[Nizar Amidi]]<br />نزار آميدي<br />{{small|(born 1968)}} | [[2026 Iraqi presidential election|2026]] | 12 April 2026 | Incumbent | {{ayd|2026|4|12}} | [[Patriotic Union of Kurdistan]] |} ==List of commanders== {{Main|Leadership of the United States Central Command}} [[File:From left, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff U.S. Army Gen. Martin E. Dempsey, Marine Corps Gen. James N. Mattis and Army Gen. Lloyd J. Austin III stand for the playing 130322-M-LU710-054.jpg|thumb|Outgoing commander [[Jim Mattis|James Mattis]] (second, from right) with incoming commander [[Lloyd Austin]] (first, from right) during the USCENTCOM change of command ceremony at [[MacDill Air Force Base]], 22 March 2013]] [[File:2022 USCENTCOM Change of Command 220401-D-BN624-0180 (51976806000).jpg|thumb|U.S. Secretary of Defense [[Lloyd Austin]] (extreme left), incoming combatant commander [[Michael Kurilla]] (center), outgoing commander [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]] (right) and [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] [[Mark A. Milley]] (extreme right) at the USCENTCOM change of command ceremony on 1 April 2022]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}} ! colspan=2| Commander ! colspan=3| Term ! rowspan=2| Service branch |- ! Portrait ! Name ! Took office ! Left office ! Term length |- {{Officeholder table | order = 1 | military_rank = General | image = General Robert Kingston, official military photo, 1984.JPEG | officeholder = [[Robert Kingston]] | officeholder_sort = Kingston, Robert | born_year = 1928 | died_year = 2007 | term_start = 1 January 1983 | term_end = 27 November 1985 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1 January 1983|27 November 1985}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 2 | military_rank = General | image = General George Crist, official military photo, 1985.JPEG | officeholder = [[George B. Crist]] | officeholder_sort = Crist, George B. | born_year = 1931 | died_year = 2024 | term_start = 27 November 1985 | term_end = 23 November 1988 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|27 November 1985|23 November 1988}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 3 | military_rank = General | image = NormanSchwarzkopf.jpg | officeholder = [[Norman Schwarzkopf Jr.]] | officeholder_sort = Schwarzkopf, H. Norman Jr. | born_year = 1934 | died_year = 2012 | term_start = 23 November 1988 | term_end = 9 August 1991 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|23 November 1988|9 August 1991}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 4 | military_rank = General | image = Joseph Hoar official military photo.jpg | officeholder = [[Joseph P. Hoar]] | officeholder_sort = Hoar, Joseph P. | born_year = 1934 | died_year = 2022 | term_start = 9 August 1991 | term_end = 5 August 1994 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|9 August 1991|5 August 1994}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 5 | military_rank = General | image = BinfordPeay.JPEG | officeholder = [[J. H. Binford Peay III]] | officeholder_sort = Peay, J. H. Binford III | born_year = 1940 | died_year = | term_start = 5 August 1994 | term_end = 13 August 1997 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|5 August 1994|13 August 1997}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 6 | military_rank = General | image = Anthony Zinni.jpg | officeholder = [[Anthony Zinni]] | officeholder_sort = Zinni, Anthony | born_year = 1943 | died_year = | term_start = 13 August 1997 | term_end = 6 July 2000 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|13 August 1997|6 July 2000}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 7 | military_rank = General | image = Gen. Tommy Franks CENTCOM.jpg | officeholder = [[Tommy Franks]] | officeholder_sort = Franks, Tommy | born_year = 1945 | died_year = | term_start = 6 July 2000 | term_end = 7 July 2003 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|6 July 2000|7 July 2003}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 8 | military_rank = General | image = Gen. John P. Abizaid CENTCOM.jpg | officeholder = [[John Abizaid]] | officeholder_sort = Abizaid, John | born_year = 1951 | died_year = | term_start = 7 July 2003 | term_end = 16 March 2007 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|7 July 2003|16 March 2007}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 9 | military_rank = Admiral | image = ADM Fallon Portrait.jpg | officeholder = [[William J. Fallon]] | officeholder_sort = Fallon, William J. | born_year = 1944 | died_year = | term_start = 16 March 2007 | term_end = 28 March 2008 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|16 March 2007|28 March 2008}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = – | military_rank = Lieutenant General | image = General Martin E. Dempsey.jpg | officeholder = [[Martin Dempsey]] | officeholder_sort = Dempsey, Martin | born_year = 1952 | died_year = | term_start = 28 March 2008 | term_end = 31 October 2008 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|28 March 2008|31 October 2008}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] | acting = y }} {{Officeholder table | order = 10 | military_rank = General | image = GEN David H Petraeus - Uniform Class A.jpg | officeholder = [[David Petraeus]] | officeholder_sort = Petraeus, David | born_year = 1952 | died_year = | term_start = 31 October 2008 | term_end = 30 June 2010 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|31 October 2008|30 June 2010}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = – | military_rank = Lieutenant General | image = LtGen John R. Allen USMC.jpg | officeholder = [[John R. Allen]] | officeholder_sort = Allen, John R. | born_year = 1953 | died_year = | term_start = 30 June 2010 | term_end = 11 August 2010 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|30 June 2010|11 August 2010}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] | acting = y }} {{Officeholder table | order = 11 | military_rank = General | image = Mattis Centcom 2009.jpg | officeholder = [[Jim Mattis]] | officeholder_sort = Mattis, Jim | born_year = 1950 | died_year = | term_start = 11 August 2010 | term_end = 22 March 2013 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|11 August 2010|22 March 2013}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 12 | military_rank = General | image = Austin 2013 2.jpg | officeholder = [[Lloyd Austin]] | officeholder_sort = Austin, Lloyd | born_year = 1953 | died_year = | term_start = 22 March 2013 | term_end = 30 March 2016 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|22 March 2013|30 March 2016}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 13 | military_rank = General | image = General Joseph L. Votel (USCENTCOM).jpg | officeholder = [[Joseph Votel]] | officeholder_sort = Votel, Joseph | born_year = 1958 | died_year = | term_start = 30 March 2016 | term_end = 28 March 2019 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|30 March 2016|28 March 2019}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 14 | military_rank = General | image = General Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr (USCENTCOM).jpg | officeholder = [[Kenneth F. McKenzie Jr.]] | officeholder_sort = McKenzie, Kenneth F. Jr. | born_year = 1957 | died_year = | term_start = 28 March 2019 | term_end = 1 April 2022 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|28 March 2019|1 April 2022}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Marine Corps.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 15 | military_rank = General | image = Michael E. Kurilla (4).jpg | officeholder = [[Michael Kurilla]] | officeholder_sort = Kurilla, Michael | born_year = 1966 | died_year = | term_start = 1 April 2022 | term_end = 8 August 2025 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|1 April 2022|8 August 2025}} | defence_branch = [[File:Military service mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] }} {{Officeholder table | order = 16 | military_rank = Admiral | image = ADM Charles B. Cooper II.jpg | officeholder = [[Brad Cooper (admiral)|Brad Cooper]] | officeholder_sort = Cooper, Brad | born_year = 1967 | died_year = | term_start = 8 August 2025 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|8 August 2025}} | defence_branch = [[File:Emblem of the United States Navy.svg|75px]]<br />[[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] }} |} === Secretary of Defense === Two of the former U.S. Central Command Commanders would later serve as [[United States Secretary of Defense]]: General [[James Mattis]] and General [[Lloyd Austin]]. Mattis served as the 26th U.S. Secretary of Defense. Austin became the 28th U.S. Secretary of Defense on 22 January 2021, serving until 20 January 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rej|first=Abhijnan|title=US Senate Confirms Lloyd Austin as Secretary of Defense|url=https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/us-senate-confirms-lloyd-austin-as-secretary-of-defense/|access-date=26 January 2021|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US|archive-date=16 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716033424/https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/us-senate-confirms-lloyd-austin-as-secretary-of-defense/|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Unit decorations=== The unit awards depicted below are for Headquarters, U.S. Central Command at MacDill AFB. Award for unit decorations do not apply to any subordinate organization such as the service component commands or any other activities unless the orders specifically address them. {{unit awards table |award_image1=JMUA |award_name1=[[Joint Meritorious Unit Award]] |award_date1=2 August 1990 – 21 April 1991 |award_notes1=Department of the Army General Order (DAGO) 1991-22 & 1992-34<ref name="DAGO">{{cite web |url=https://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/da_general_orders_1.html |title=Department of the Army General Orders |publisher=[[United States Army Publishing Directorate]] |access-date=30 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427192108/http://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/da_general_orders_1.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=live }} ([[Army Knowledge Online]] account may be required.)</ref> |award_image2=JMUA |award_name2=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date2=1 August 1992 – 4 May 1993 |award_notes2=DAGO 1994-12 & 1996-01 |award_image3=JMUA |award_name3=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date3=8 October 1994 – 16 March 1995 |award_notes3=DAGO 2001–25 |award_image4=JMUA |award_name4=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date4=1 September 1996 – 6 January 1997 |award_notes4=Joint Staff Permanent Order (JSPO) J-ISO-0012-97 |award_image5=JMUA |award_name5=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date5=1 October 1997 – 15 July 1998 |award_notes5=JSPO J-1SO-0241-98 |award_image6=JMUA |award_name6=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date6=16 July 1998 – 1 November 1999 |award_notes6=JSPO J-1SO-0330-99 / DAGO 2001–25 |award_image7=JMUA |award_name7=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date7=2 November 1999 – 15 March 2001 |award_notes7= |award_image8=JMUA |award_name8=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date8=11 September 2001 – 1 May 2003 |award_notes8=DAGO 2005–09 |award_image9=JMUA |award_name9=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date9=2 May 2003 – 31 December 2005 |award_notes9= |award_image10=JMUA |award_name10=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date10=1 January 2006 – 1 March 2008 |award_notes10=JSPO J-1SO-0061-08 |award_image11=JMUA |award_name11=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date11=2 March 2008 – 1 July 2010 |award_notes11= |award_image12=JMUA |award_name12=Joint Meritorious Unit Award |award_date12=2 July 2010 – 31 July 2012 |award_notes12= }} ==CFLCC During 'Iraqi Freedom'== [[File:Iraq-War-Map.png|thumb|Invasion routes and major battles fought by the coalition and afterwards]] [[Image:CFLCC LOGO Pattons Own final.JPG|160px]] [[Image:CFLCC LOGO OEF final.JPG|160px]] [[Image:CFLCC OIF 2.JPG|160px]] <br /> <small>The three primary responsibilities of Third Army/ARCENT/CFLCC, represented by three separate logos.</small> A Coalition Forces Land Component Command was established under Commander U.S. Army Forces Central Command, Lieutenant General [[David McKiernan]], to direct the two corps-sized formations involved in the initial invasion of Iraq in March 2003, [[I Marine Expeditionary Force]] and [[U.S. V Corps]]. The units to brigade level involved in CFLCC's initial invasion of Iraq were: == Commanders == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! rowspan=2| {{abbr|No.|Number}} ! colspan=2| Commander ! colspan=3| Term ! rowspan=2| Service branch ! rowspan=2 class=unsortable| {{abbr|Ref.|References}} |- ! class=unsortable| Portrait ! Name ! Took office ! Left office ! Duration {{Officeholder table | order = 1 | image = Ricardo Sanchez2.jpg | military_rank = Lieutenant General | officeholder = [[Ricardo Sanchez]] | officeholder_sort = Sanchez, Ricardo | born_year = 1953 | died_year = | term_start = 14 June 2003 | term_end = 1 July 2004 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|2003|06|14|2004|07|01}} | defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] | ref = }} {{Officeholder table | order = 2 | image = George Casey2.jpg | military_rank = General | officeholder = [[George W. Casey Jr.]] | officeholder_sort = Casey, George | born_year = 1948 | died_year = | term_start = 1 July 2004 | term_end = 10 February 2007 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|2004|07|01|2007|02|10}} | defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] | ref = <ref>{{cite AV media |people=George W. Casey Jr. (nominee) |date=2007-02-01 |title=Army Chief of Staff Nomination Hearing |medium=Video |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?196494-1/army-chief-staff-nomination-hearing&start=1381# |location=Russell Senate Office Building, Washington D. C. |publisher=C-SPAN}}</ref> }} {{Officeholder table | order = 3 | image = David H. Petraeus 2007.jpg | military_rank = General | officeholder = [[David Petraeus]] | officeholder_sort = Petraeus, David | born_year = 1952 | died_year = | term_start = 10 February 2007 | term_end = 16 September 2008 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|2007|02|10|2008|09|16}} | defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] | ref = }} {{Officeholder table | order = 4 | image = Raymond T. Odierno as commander, MNF Iraq.jpg | military_rank = General | officeholder = [[Raymond T. Odierno]] | officeholder_sort = Odierno, Raymond | born_year = 1954 | died_year = 2021 | term_start = 16 September 2008 | term_end = 1 January 2010 | timeinoffice = {{ayd|2008|09|16|2010|01|01}} | defence_branch = [[File:Mark of the United States Army.svg|75px]]<br>[[United States Army|U.S. Army]] | ref = }} |} ==Commanding== Commanding General Raymond T. Odierno (until September 2010) Lloyd Austin Deputy Commanding General Frank Helmick (until July 2011) Thomas Spoehr Command Sergeant Major Lawrence K. Wilson (until September 2010) Joseph R. Allen Notable commanders Michael D. Barbero ===Uk=== Iraq War / Multi-National Division (South-East) (2003–2009):During the 2003 invasion and subsequent counter-insurgency operations, senior leaders held the dual role of General Officer Commanding British Forces Iraq / Multi-National Division (South-East):Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Viggers (2003)Major General Andrew Stewart (2004)Major General Jonathon Riley (2004–2005)Major General Richard Shirreff (2006–2007)Major General Graeme Lamb (2003, 2006)Revista Científica General José María CórdovaCommand in Twenty-First Century Counterinsurgency: Britain ...12 Aug 2025 — British experience in Iraq during Operation Sinbad (2006–2007) under Major General Richard Shirreff, General Officer Commanding (G... ==Actions== Iraq Command was responsible for the following military actions: *1920 to 1922 - The [[Iraqi revolt against the British|Great Iraqi Revolution of 1920]] started in [[Baghdad]] in the summer of 1920 and dragged on until 1922. *February to May 1923 - Following the anti-British activities of [[Mahmud Barzanji|Sheikh Mahmud]], delayed-action bombs were dropped outside [[Sulaymaniyah]] in an effort to get the Sheikh to adopt more pro-British policies. British land forces occupied Sulaymaniyah on 17 May and Sheikh Mahmud fled to [[Persia]]. *March to April 1923 - In response to the uncovering of Turkish plans for an attack on [[Kurdistan]], supported by local tribes associated with Sheikh Mahmud, Imperial troops and levies occupied [[Rowanduz]] and drove Turkish troops into nearby Persia. *April 1923 - The RAF flew 280 [[Sikhism|Sikh]] troops from [[Kingarban]] to [[Kirkuk]] in the first British air trooping operation. *25 December 1923 - Sheikh Mahmud proclaimed himself [[Kingdom of Kurdistan|King of Kurdistan]]; subsequently, the RAF bombed his house in Sulaymaniyah. *December 1923 to January 1924 - The RAF bombed [[Ikhwan|Akhwan]] raiders from [[Najd]] in an attempt to stop their attacks on the tribes living in southern Iraq. *4 May 1924 - Following a dispute between [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] levies and the Muslims living in [[Kirkuk]], the levies ran amok. [[Air Vice-Marshal]] [[John Frederick Andrews Higgins|J F A Higgins]] had two platoons of the 1st Battalion the [[Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers]] airlifted from [[RAF Hinaidi|Hinaidi]] to Kirkuk to restore order. *5 May 1924 - The fusiliers were reinforced by air with two additional infantry platoons. [[No. 30 Squadron RAF]] carried out thorough air reconnaissance of the Kirkuk district. ''The above section is incomplete.'' ==Follow-on== Since August 1921, [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal I]] had been [[King of Iraq]] under the [[League of Nations Mandates|League of Nations Mandate]]. As of 1932, the mandate ended and the [[Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq]] was nominally independent. In accordance with the [[Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930)|Anglo-Iraqi Treaty]] of 1930, British forces remained in Iraq. In 1933 or 1934, "Iraq Command" was renamed the "British Forces in Iraq." By the late 1930s, these forces were restricted to two [[Royal Air Force station]]s, [[RAF Shaibah]] near [[Basrah]], [[RAF Basrah]] (the supply depot on the [[Shatt-al-Arab]] at [[Basrah]] and [[RAF Habbaniya]] west of [[Baghdad]].<ref>David Lee, ''Flight from the Middle East'', pg. 95</ref> There were several Commanders of the "British Forces in Iraq". This command appears to have lasted until 1942. During the 1941 [[Anglo-Iraqi War]], ''[[Iraqforce]]'' subsumed this command. On 1 November 1941, "British Forces in Iraq" was renamed Air Headquarters Iraq ([[AHQ Iraq]]). ==Commanders== Commanders included:<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Cmd_O3.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Overseas Commands - Iraq, India and the Far East] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080806113118/http://www.rafweb.org/Cmd_O3.htm |date=6 August 2008 }}</ref> ===Precursor formations=== *6 January 1921 (as Officer Commanding, HQ Mesopotamian Group) [[Group Captain]] [[Amyas Borton|A E Borton]] *13 October 1921 (as Officer Commanding, HQ Iraq Group) Group Captain, later [[Air Commodore]], A E Borton ===RAF Iraq Command=== *1 October 1922 [[Air Vice-Marshal]] [[John Salmond|J M Salmond]] *13 March 1924 Air Vice-Marshal [[John Frederick Andrews Higgins|J F A Higgins]] *3 November 1926 Air Vice-Marshal [[Edward Ellington|E L Ellington]] *1 November 1928 Air Vice-Marshal [[Robert Brooke-Popham|H R M Brooke-Popham]] *2 October 1930 Air Vice-Marshal [[Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt|E R Ludlow-Hewitt]] *1932 [[Air Commodore]] [[Christopher Courtney|C L Courtney]] (temporary appointment)<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Courtney.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Christopher Courtney]</ref> *23 November 1932 Air Vice-Marshal [[Charles Burnett (air force officer)|C S Burnett]] ===British Forces in Iraq=== *1932 Air Vice-Marshal [[Charles Burnett (RAF officer)|C S Burnett]] *1934 Air Vice Marshal [[William Mitchell (RAF officer)|W G S Mitchell]] *1937 Air Vice Marshal / [[Air Marshal]] (from 1939) [[Christopher Courtney|C L Courtney]] *1937 Air Vice Marshall [[John Tyssen]] (from 20 November 1937)<ref>His Majesty's Stationery Office London: The Air Force List, February 1939</ref> *1939 Air Vice Marshal [[Harry George Smart|H G Smart]] *1941 Air Vice Marshal [[John D'Albiac|J H. D'Albiac]] ==Chief staff officers== The following served as Chief [[Staff Officer]] (or Senior Air Staff Officer) at the headquarters of Iraq Command: *2 February 1923 Air Commodore [[Lionel Charlton|L E O Charlton]] (resigned) <ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Charlton.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Lionel Charlton]</ref> *22 October 1923 Air Commodore [[John Hearson|J G Hearson]]<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Hearson.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - John Hearson]</ref> *19 August 1924 Air Commodore [[Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding|H C T Dowding]]<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Dowding.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Hugh Dowding]</ref> *24 April 1926 Air Commodore [[Thomas Higgins (RAF officer)|T C R Higgins]]<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/HigginsT.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Thomas Higgins]</ref> *9 March 1928 Group Captain (later Air Commodore) [[Frederick Bowhill|F W Bowhill]] (as Senior Air Staff Officer)<ref>[http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Bowhill.htm Air of Authority - A History of RAF Organisation - Frederick Bowhill]</ref> ''list incomplete'' ==Chief Administration== Chief Administration Officers PaiForce (Persia - Iraq) 7 May 1941 - Mar 1942 Wilmot Gordon Hilton Vickers (b. 1890 - d. 1987) 15 Sep 1942 - 27 Sep 1943 Arthur Roland Selby (b. 1893 - d. 1966) Chief Administration Officer, Western Command 2 Oct 1944 - 8 Feb 1946 Arthur Roland Selby (s.a.) ==British Political Residents in Turkish Arabia (Turkish Irak) and Consuls== (from 22 Nov 1851, Consul-generals) at Baghdad (subordinate to the British India government) 1812 - 5 Oct 1821 Claudius James Rich (b. 1786/87 - d. 1821) (resident in Baghdad from 16 Jan 1808) 1822 - 1843 Robert Taylor (b. 1788 - d. 1852) 6 Dec 1843 - 14 Oct 1849 Henry Creswicke Rawlinson (b. 1810 - d. 1895) (1st time) 15 Oct 1849 - 14 Dec 1851 Arnold Burrowes Kemball (1st time) (b. 1820 - d. 1908) (acting) 15 Dec 1851 - 28 Feb 1855 Henry Creswicke Rawlinson (s.a.) (2nd time) 1 Mar 1855 - 23 Oct 1859 Arnold Burrowes Kemball (2nd time) (s.a.) 24 Oct 1859 - 28 Apr 1861 James McAdam Hyslop (acting) (b. 1822 - d. 1897) 29 Apr 1861 - 31 Aug 1868 Arnold Burrowes Kemball (3rd time) (s.a.) (from 25 May 1866, Sir Arnold Burrowes Kemball) 1 Sep 1868 - 20 Dec 1874 Charles Herbert (b. 1820 - d. 1897) (acting to 1 Sep 1870) 21 Dec 1874 - 6 Jul 1879 John Pigott Nixon (b. 1822 - d. 1906) 7 Jul 1879 - 28 Sep 1880 Samuel Barrett Miles (b. 1838 - d. 1913) 29 Sep 1880 - 20 Feb 1882 Trevor John Chichele Plowden (b. 1846 - d. 1905) (from 24 May 1881, Sir Trevor John Chichele Plowden) (1st time) 20 Mar 1882 - 11 Nov 1883 William Tweedie (1st time)(acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1914) 12 Nov 1883 - 31 May 1885 Sir Trevor John Chichele Plowden (s.a.) (2nd time) 24 Jul 1885 - 24 Jun 1888 William Tweedie (2nd time) (s.a.) 25 Jun 1888 - 3 May 1889 Adelbert Cecil Talbot (acting) (b. 1845 - d. 1920) 4 May 1889 - 31 Oct 1891 Sir Trevor John Chichele Plowden (s.a.) (3rd time) 1 Nov 1891 - 11 Apr 1897 Edward Mockler (b. 1842 - d. 1927) 18 Dec 1891 - Aug 1892 Henry Phipson Peacock (b. 1838 - d. 1906) (did not take office) 12 Apr 1897 - 9 Jun 1898 William Loch (b. 1846 - d. 1901) 15 Aug 1898 - 31 Mar 1899 Philip James Melvill (1st time) (b. 1858 - d. 1935) (acting) 1 Apr 1899 - 10 Jun 1899 William Loch (2nd time) (s.a.) 11 Jun 1899 - 20 Mar 1902 Philip James Melvill (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting) 21 Mar 1902 - 28 Mar 1906 Lindsay Sherwood Newmarch (b. 1857 - d. 1930) (acting to 17 Mar 1903) 29 Mar 1906 - 1909 John Ramsay (b. 1862 - d. 1942) 1909 - 8 Feb 1914 John Gordon Lorimer (b. 1870 - d. 1914) (acting to 1 Apr 1911) 1 Jun 1914 - 19 Oct 1914 Keith David Erskine (b. 1863 - d. 1914) 7 Oct 1914 - 5 Nov 1914 Henry Robert Conway Dobbs (s.a.) (did not take office) ¹The full style of the rulers: 12 Aug 1921 - 14 Jul 1958: Malik al-'Iraq ("King of Iraq"). == Duba kuma == * Jerin Shugabannin Iraki * Jerin Firayim Ministocin Iraki * Jerin Sarakunan Iraki == Manazarta == a7c0wvb1o4i89lg08wtl0mrpbvu970s 0 18880 915926 589048 2026-09-04T02:55:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:202101 Rat.svg|thumb]] [[File:Animated phenakistiscope disc - Running rats Fantascope by Thomas Mann Baynes 1833.gif|thumb|beraye]] {{databox}} [[File:Мышь_2.jpg|right|thumb| Linzamin gida ( ''Musculus'' )]] [[Fayil:Мышь 2.jpg|thumb|Beran daji]] [[Fayil:Baby Rat northern Maracay Venezuela.jpg|thumb|matatcen bera]] [[Fayil:Rat des nuages.jpg|thumb|bera]] [[Fayil:Rat caught in a rat trap.jpg|thumb|bera a tarko]] [[Fayil:Мышь 2.jpg|thumb|bera]] '''KakakaƁera''' ƙananan ''rodent'' ne . A dabi'ance, an san beraye suna da hakori mai kaifi, kananan kunnuwa, gwailo, wutsiyar su mai tsawo ne, suna da gashi a jiki, da yawan kiwo. mafi sanannen nau'in bera shine linzamin gida na kowa ( ''Mus musculus'' ). Beraye kuma sanannu ne kamar sauran dabbobi. A wasu wurare, wasu nau'ikan ɓerayen filaye suna da suna gama gari. An san su da mamaye gidaje don abinci da wurin kwanciya.<ref>Bera. (2021, ga Yuli, 25). ''Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta''. Retrieved 17:05, Oktoba 22, 2021 from https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bera&oldid=101335</nowiki>.</ref> [[Fayil:Mouse in snow.jpg|thumb|bera]] An kuma rarraba beraye a ƙarƙashin umarnin Rodentia. A wasu yanayi, ana iya ɗaukar beraye larura. Vermin babban tushe ne na lalacewar amfanin gona kamar yadda aka san su da haifar da lalacewar tsarin da yada cuta . Beraye suna yada cutattuka ta [[Kashi|hanjinsu]] kuma galibi masu ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta. A [[Amurka ta Arewa|Arewacin Amurka]], ƙura mai numfashi wanda ya sadu da ƙwayar linzamin kwamfuta yana da alaƙa da hantavirus, wanda zai iya haifar da cututtukan huhu na hantavirus (HPS). Ainihin maras motsi, beraye na biyan raunin gani da ƙwarewar ji. Sun dogara ne da ƙanshin ƙanshin su don nemo abinci da kuma gujewa masu lalata su. A cikin daji, an san beraye don gina ramuka masu wuyar fahimta. Waɗannan burbushin suna da ƙofofi masu tsayi kuma suna sanye da ramuka masu tserewa. A cikin aƙalla nau'ikan guda ɗaya, tsarin gine-ginen burrow halaye ne na gado. [[Fayil:Mouse in snow.jpg|thumb|bera kenam]] == Ire-iren dabbobin da aka sani da beraye == Beraye da suka fi na yau da kullun su ne murus, a cikin tsari ɗaya da berayen gama gari . Su kisan kai ne, tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran dangi na kusa. * oda Dasyuromorphia ** marsupial beraye, ƙananan jinsunan Dasyuridae * oda Rodentia ** suborder Castorimorpha *** iyali Heteromyidae **** Linzamin Kangaroo, jinsin ''Microdipodops'' **** Aljihun aljihu, ƙabilar Perognathinae **** Spin linzamin aljihu, jinsi ''Heteromys'' ** subomar Anomaluromorpha *** iyali Anomaluridae **** linzamin linzamin kwamfuta ** yankin Myomorpha *** iyali Cricetidae **** Fushin linzamin kwamfuta, ''Peromyscus boylii'' **** Berayen Florida **** Linzamin gwal **** Beran girbin Ba'amurke, jinsi ''Reithrodontomys'' *** dangin Muridae **** hankulan beraye, jinsin ''Mus'' **** ''Berayen filaye'', jinsi Apodemus ***** Linzamin katako, ''Apodemus sylvaticus'' ***** Bera mai wuyan rawaya, ''Apodemus flavicollis'' **** Babban linzamin Mindoro **** Babban bera mai fatar kunne **** Luzon montane daji linzamin kwamfuta **** Linzamin Forrest **** Mousearƙashin dutsen baƙi **** Molamar Bolam **** Beran girbin Eurasia, halittar ''Micromys'' [[File:PCWmice1.jpg|thumb| Beraye masu ƙwanƙwasawa]] Mice ne na kowa gwaji dabbobi a dakin gwaje-gwaje da bincike na ilmin halitta da kuma tunani filayen musamman domin su ne dabbobi masu shayarwa, da kuma saboda su raba wani babban mataki na homology tare da mutane. Su ne tsarin halittar dabbobi masu amfani da dabbobi, wanda aka fi sani da beraye . A linzamin kwamfuta genome an jerin, da kuma kusan dukkan linzamin kwamfuta genes da mutum homologs. Linzamin kwamfuta yana da kimanin nau'i-nau'i tushe biliyan 2.7 da 20 na chromosomes. Hakanan ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyoyin da suka saba wa doka da mutane, kodayake masu rajin kare haƙƙin dabbobi sukan ƙi. Mousewayar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa linzami ne wanda aka canza ɗaya wanda ya sa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙwayoyinta suka zama marasa aiki ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayoyin halitta . Dalilan zabin beraye sune kanana kuma basu da tsada, suna da abinci iri-iri, ana kiyaye su cikin sauki, kuma suna iya hayayyafa da sauri. Yawancin ƙarnuka na ɓeraye za a iya kiyaye su a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Beraye suna da nutsuwa sosai idan aka tashe su daga haihuwa kuma aka basu isasshen saduwa da mutane. Koyaya, wasu sanannu an san su da saurin yanayi. == Halaiya == Masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Neurobiology ta Max Planck sun tabbatar da cewa beraye suna da yanayin fuska iri-iri. Sunyi amfani da hangen nesa don hango motsin zuciyar mutum kamar jin daɗi, ƙyama, tashin zuciya, ciwo, da tsoro. == Kamar yadda dabbobi == [[File:Fancy_mice.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Berayen dabbobi]] Mutane da yawa suna siyan beraye a matsayin abokan gida. Za su iya zama masu wasa, masu ƙauna kuma suna iya yin amfani da abubuwan da ake gudanarwa. Kamar berayen dabbobin bera, bai kamata a bar berayen dabbobin ba tare da kulawa ba a waje saboda suna da masu farauta da yawa, gami da (amma ba'a iyakance shi ba) tsuntsaye, macizai, ƙadangare, kuliyoyi, da karnuka. Beraye mata suna da warin da ya fi na mata. Koyaya, beraye sune masu kula da kyau kuma a matsayin su na dabbobin gida basa buƙatar wanka. Beraye masu lura da kyau na iya yin dabbobin gida masu kyau. Wasu samfuran kulawa da linzamin kwamfuta sune: * [[Fayil:Мышь 2.jpg|thumb|Bera]]Keji - Galibi keɓaɓɓen hamster ko keɓaɓɓen [[Akurki|shinge]], amma ana samun keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu na musamman a yanzu. Yawancinsu zasu sami amintacciyar ƙofa. * Abinci - Akwai wadataccen abinci mai narkewa da iri iri. Beraye na iya cin yawancin abincin beraye (na beraye, beraye, hamster, ƙwaya, da dai sauransu. ) * Kwanciya - Yawancin lokaci ana yin katako ne na katako, kamar su aspen, wani lokacin daga yankakke, takarda mara inki ko ɓangaren litattafan itace na budurwa. Yin amfani da shimfidar masarar masara ana kiyaye shi saboda yana inganta naman gwari ''Aspergillus'', kuma yana iya girma da zarar ya jike, wanda yake da lahani a ƙafafunsu. == Abinci == A yanayi, ɓeraye suna yawan cin ciyawa, suna cin kowane irin 'ya'yan itace ko hatsi daga tsire-tsire. Koyaya, ɓera suna dacewa da biranen birni kuma an san su da cin kusan nau'ikan tarkacen abinci. A cikin kamewa, ana ciyar da beraye cin abincin bera mai ƙyalƙyali. Wadannan kayan abinci sun kammala cikakke, amma har yanzu suna bukatar kayan lambu iri-iri. Beraye ba su da abinci na musamman don cuku. Za su ci cuku ne kawai saboda rashin ingantattun zabi. == Kamar abinci == [[File:Feeder_mice.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Beraye "Pinkie" don siyarwa azaman abinci mai rarrafe]] Beraye sune kayan abinci a cikin yawancin ƙananan dabbobi masu cin nama . Mutane sun taɓa cin beraye tun zamanin da . A Burtaniya ta Biritaniya, har yanzu ana ba da soyayyun beraye ga yara a matsayin maganin jama'a don yin jika-gado ; <ref>[[Flora Thompson]], ''Lark Rise to Candleford'' (Oxford 1949) p. 504</ref> yayin da Jared Diamond ya ba da rahoton ƙirƙirar beraye da ake amfani da su a Ingila a matsayin ƙarin abincin abinci a lokacin rabon WW II. <ref>J Diamond, ''The World until Yesterday'' (Penguin 2012) p. 314</ref> Beraye abinci ne na abinci a duk gabashin [[Zambiya]] da arewacin [[Malawi]], inda suka kasance tushen tushen furotin na lokaci-lokaci. Berayen gona sanannen abinci ne a Vietnam da ƙasashe maƙwabta. A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, kodayake, bera ba abu ne na abinci ba. Magunguna waɗanda aka tsara a cikin tsohuwar Masar sun haɗa da beraye a matsayin magani. A tsohuwar Masar, lokacin da jarirai ba su da lafiya, uwaye suna cin bera a matsayin magani. An yi imani da cewa cin naman bera da uwa za ta taimaka wajen warkar da jaririn da ba shi da lafiya. A cikin kasashe daban-daban ana amfani da beraye a matsayin abinci na dabbobin gida kamar [[Maciji|macizai]], kadangaru, kwadi, tarantula, da tsuntsayen ganima, kuma shagunan dabbobi da yawa suna ɗaukar beraye don wannan dalilin. Kalmomin gama gari waɗanda ake amfani dasu don magana zuwa shekaru daban-daban / girma na ɓera idan aka siyar don abincin dabbobi sune "pinkies", "fuzzies", "crawlers", "hoppers", da "manya". Pinkies sabbin beraye ne waɗanda basu riga sun yi fur ba; fuzzies suna da wasu fur amma basu da motsi sosai; kuma masu tsalle suna da cikakkun gashin gashi kuma suna da cikakken motsi amma sun fi ƙananan beraye girma. Beraye ba tare da Jawo ba sun fi sauƙi ga dabba ya cinye; duk da haka, beraye tare da Jawo na iya zama mai gamsarwa azaman abincin dabbobi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2018}} Ana amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan don nuni zuwa matakan girma na beraye (duba ratwa mai zato ). == Duba kuma == * Jerin almara da beraye * Mousetrap * Musophobia (tsoron beraye) * Mouse lokacin ci gaban kwakwalwa * Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, da Phooey, ɓeraye waɗanda suka zagaya Wata sau 75 a 1972 akan Apollo 17 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.fancymice.info Fancy Mice] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916103033/http://www.fancymice.info/ |date=2019-09-16 }} : cikakken bayani game da berayen kiwo da kiyaye su a matsayin dabbobi * [http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=speciesdata&species=mus-musculus Hotunan manyan hotuna na sassan gwaiwar kwakwalwar beraye] * [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20070703154958/http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/etextbook/p393/p393_chap1.pdf Tarihin linzamin kwamfuta] (tare da mai da hankali kan amfani da su a cikin nazarin halittu) * [http://northernbushcraft.com/animalTracks/mouse/notes.htm Hanyoyin Mouse] : Yadda ake gano waƙoƙin linzamin kwamfuta [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7ag7iikrvzou4fuygia4geaorijynay 0 19439 915784 914884 2026-09-03T21:12:09Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == KIRA == Ko shakka babu kira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shine za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaki wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 1n3jc2iutrqjxkb16q2gx9qt78rry89 915789 915784 2026-09-03T21:23:01Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* KIRA */ 915789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == KIRA == Ko shakka babu kira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaki wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} kz94ouywmgftumfci43hczueyl45f7h 915793 915789 2026-09-03T21:24:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* KIRA */ 915793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaki wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} cdpvy9o7vtdlzq1heomtaf7g0utbqep 915801 915793 2026-09-03T21:25:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} i0vzh11fw7a7khqechg6ip0m2ju39m6 915809 915801 2026-09-03T21:26:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} aomy244rtfdu4rs7s2f5xahbgbw6rwz 915811 915809 2026-09-03T21:27:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 0r4yaunhy90lufshq1ipb2wkvbwp18m 915812 915811 2026-09-03T21:28:28Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ft2g88bnwjhxyhhpgi1o539gtt3ucz5 915813 915812 2026-09-03T21:28:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake kira shi ne za’a samu karfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 29tjkxwmkfumdkg496r504r0hpzwl2c 915814 915813 2026-09-03T21:29:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* ƘIRA */ 915814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} m9w464hpkockp4acc681k0lurxq41oc 915815 915814 2026-09-03T21:31:27Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* DUKANCI */ 915815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 7ekql4a6hrc38mz4hsskp1zrvdw7m3q 915817 915815 2026-09-03T21:33:05Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda itama akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ao2htyfeyafkyzzzw46j3vmkokkelmv 915818 915817 2026-09-03T21:34:18Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' itama sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} sxk2ywpka3xbcp8ggp554xjjo4h1vvw 915819 915818 2026-09-03T21:35:08Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida itama sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} goqpgjxtcgyq0dnl5qg2bo83c7139u6 915820 915819 2026-09-03T21:36:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, itama akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} m16b7z8b4f1z9oeg3rggllmdztpclf0 915821 915820 2026-09-03T21:37:36Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shima noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda itama da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} dotfefz7d82exmfgoj4o35il6o0vwgf 915823 915821 2026-09-03T21:38:48Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* FARAUTA */ 915823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' itama sana'a ce da mafi yawan ta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 9tq9eggk97t0tfft4q4c5q80gqqz7g4 915824 915823 2026-09-03T21:40:19Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' itama sana'a wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} fu8xdcp7699e15a8rg7bpx6334c6h6c 915825 915824 2026-09-03T21:42:05Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa wanzaci sana'a wadda Hausawa keyin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} e5g0g6e2u1hax2m10u9mmhb7fmv732c 915827 915825 2026-09-03T21:44:26Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani yin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} rgvo86o5gja815ikui6fe1bt77k659s 915829 915827 2026-09-03T21:47:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko yin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} cpvxbini4ep0erow9i0ud14suzhga83 915830 915829 2026-09-03T21:48:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski yin ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} jexy6h2cdyb4eux55cbt8pmmpvjng82 915831 915830 2026-09-03T21:50:54Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzami suna yin wasu ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 51nlzxs16qw3a4ipc0kvu7i1up2pqcz 915832 915831 2026-09-03T21:52:23Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* FARAUTA */ 915832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ipy35csebty15pj712tajuw94cwp7ll 915833 915832 2026-09-03T21:53:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ddh8aesv3rvxtuvxhj9jjg2afp9t7ne 915834 915833 2026-09-03T21:55:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} m4ymj6dd0lqol7wj3gqmwhm5rroea8m 915835 915834 2026-09-03T21:55:52Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya, ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} t3rcoy3ko165ooo0lvw6a3h7bb0tkis 915836 915835 2026-09-03T21:56:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6xceh68ywupke517qzli82f65ksq4wt 915837 915836 2026-09-03T21:57:42Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} gelw6voyeij5epqxa99rs036j0yftnq 915838 915837 2026-09-03T21:58:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. ta misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} b4h3383klse2jzrfbcaawxnz70au2cb 915839 915838 2026-09-03T22:00:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} dupbkfeujgimf9uive0zg8tefsqtr3c 915840 915839 2026-09-03T22:02:22Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 0sy6ode4832zf8mpdk1odfrrmppibjr 915841 915840 2026-09-03T22:03:34Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujerar, ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} nnf0ihjrwqllxrrfagq8pxt4u8o9g9y 915843 915841 2026-09-03T22:04:27Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujerar]],akushi, ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} evyy2ni5tuc8xevy2d6hcv4ic6tb3gp 915844 915843 2026-09-03T22:05:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujerar]],akushi,ƙoshiya, ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} a3a0p6yz56oh562jwhe53ri34k96gm5 915845 915844 2026-09-03T22:07:03Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya ds. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} rpwm307zh0v9yjj2axqnawwlkcys2dv 915846 915845 2026-09-03T22:08:13Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} src78ewkn637rwfiqi88qms288vtcdq 915847 915846 2026-09-03T22:09:33Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 54377kj3wqu91aoo8wzeb2p91apvyzd 915848 915847 2026-09-03T22:10:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan guru da laya 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} n6icum9bpg4qqtl10ggg0aj02sljth3 915849 915848 2026-09-03T22:11:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} dthjgvupx3g4rakjngui3mq5mz0wxgg 915850 915849 2026-09-03T22:12:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube ( 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} nxu9szcylsyyy04ynwx1yphawhw6dt4 915851 915850 2026-09-03T22:13:53Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} m1h1cglt28ubpgdeuqbkubxymi0ktmo 915852 915851 2026-09-03T22:14:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda) 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6o7qcqd6808vvwj5x1npu82a8p1lhkj 915854 915852 2026-09-03T22:15:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 333i1tm52rh77ay51f4cud84cipw9j9 915855 915854 2026-09-03T22:16:01Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6jgynncdnnnjl5vjuq2tv02rjhjrzpr 915856 915855 2026-09-03T22:17:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} dh98uxzyzim1sl50rjdbv8b6fkfgcyt 915857 915856 2026-09-03T22:18:39Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 2tmchj255tpb0fi901a4fnguvh5l9p2 915858 915857 2026-09-03T22:19:35Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} d760ap4bv21jlv0njovhopme6aa8ljh 915859 915858 2026-09-03T22:21:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Qira''''' Qira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} csmb1grqlpfyyuuwx459z5esbf5vle8 915860 915859 2026-09-03T22:23:11Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira ita sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 7pfqvpsswpbt40s6smi6e1gyqs1yfps 915861 915860 2026-09-03T22:24:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} dgvago4efknxfhk3jthed5nc2m6584z 915862 915861 2026-09-03T22:25:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6q061n7chautm6so622p4r15s852vf0 915863 915862 2026-09-03T22:26:32Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} pd20ld15md5t7pu26lx5affit6kr9mh 915864 915863 2026-09-03T22:27:43Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} rz5xqvor14pdv5lmdnan62z5r0sik6e 915865 915864 2026-09-03T22:29:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 09i92v7holv50nh36czk3kc2zxa35qv 915866 915865 2026-09-03T22:30:10Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} lbqu3vqoxfcd144hhz0c9qdnmrc8z06 915867 915866 2026-09-03T22:31:46Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} t1y4gic6c294wr1gi4c6fitobfh9irz 915868 915867 2026-09-03T22:32:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu qira na bada maganin wuta.<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 9pu0mjmnw9mjakyl92ssmo4crcoaole 915869 915868 2026-09-03T22:36:15Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato qira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa,<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} ry9jghimbvcsn4f9u7ngdyl1b39w22o 915870 915869 2026-09-03T22:37:00Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa,<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} lsuvr3rpacw3cd2coyj9tjac99u85g6 915871 915870 2026-09-03T22:38:32Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} jnaoxrbuxzlc5c78eh32w7f87wdgbog 915872 915871 2026-09-03T22:39:08Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} gnomj6dacy5g3qvckigfz323gznlro6 915873 915872 2026-09-03T22:39:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} t9yfncbtjxiw0j5n94fnsmvjbjogyyx 915874 915873 2026-09-03T22:40:13Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} rmmsn1bhdkfef0s5pi12kde0t2cj4wv 915875 915874 2026-09-03T22:40:47Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} s4e1mj978jp8j33u8lwe7i1wlw9dsit 915876 915875 2026-09-03T22:42:25Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gina/Gini''''' Gina itama ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} l3wz0dilsx73f5r600p6q343ljxxz9a 915877 915876 2026-09-03T22:44:57Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce da ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6jn9dsoq8e521pw3hb3wij90w9o1ye2 915878 915877 2026-09-03T22:46:09Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} n8rvwhpzgqjl3l6y1kv0r159f50rx4j 915879 915878 2026-09-03T22:48:26Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 0gxmu87dm0vkr235tr3kfcsprhwmz0b 915880 915879 2026-09-03T22:49:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} s1c8qg4s1w9cb06cxgy0u24a85djn4y 915881 915880 2026-09-03T22:49:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 6douutu59oq48fsmgel3072lgxvzjq3 915882 915881 2026-09-03T22:50:50Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} tp7iexc2xu6r5e0xagc78a8a3tuxjpr 915883 915882 2026-09-03T22:51:44Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]] 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} tbl8w28mjzmn0lexo86ed2u379ol1iz 915884 915883 2026-09-03T22:53:01Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da siminti [[siminti]] 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 8l2naecfuroohenn7yy4eihbxxsyanr 915885 915884 2026-09-03T22:56:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma, 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} r2k6w47ji49izphcvegk2wflobw892r 915886 915885 2026-09-03T22:56:49Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma, a ɓangare na biyu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} tv3jii3yieme8ew8ulfp0z8r8evkjgh 915887 915886 2026-09-03T22:58:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} evqmhxknvpvfrjxevo4y2mryh566c8k 915888 915887 2026-09-03T22:58:55Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 7ge4jzq59eicv76nm4c6c95t5ouuc2j 915889 915888 2026-09-03T22:59:41Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} q1yc1mqzg6irzyw65ch9m26l842nxx5 915890 915889 2026-09-03T23:00:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 4h46gsjbwikbyx6oe7ncw28bffsspac 915891 915890 2026-09-03T23:01:34Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} n60dattjxyjjbty211ixighjti143jn 915892 915891 2026-09-03T23:02:06Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} rtkaywsjjenbko09ht4l5br4j3ssu3q 915893 915892 2026-09-03T23:02:41Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} sycnil9kir9y252k3xmke5d2acag5o2 915894 915893 2026-09-03T23:03:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} o4wardfjyd5s190frzfcob726atodsj 915895 915894 2026-09-03T23:03:40Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} r22vmmsdu12m648thmtldm2z0g03yrz 915896 915895 2026-09-03T23:05:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} pdrwf5vhl3gvibjq7ayg0l0kve8wq74 915897 915896 2026-09-03T23:06:24Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, maryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} raslra1n5dkm5tiy1mhmbndxx1pweba 915898 915897 2026-09-03T23:07:38Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwa]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} g827pj021afbrdxtu581o2eqmms6mpn 915899 915898 2026-09-03T23:08:29Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} oj5w2g5hqenrq33sixs981nbfc0igu7 915900 915899 2026-09-03T23:10:10Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 7ehbmr1qodb9yx78yr0blcybyms8wdu 915901 915900 2026-09-03T23:10:56Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'a kiwo sana'a ce wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 30yq2jxul4vsmctqkm1tyccpj9fgnru 915903 915901 2026-09-03T23:13:02Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* FARAUTA */ 915903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} sjoov1h930yg1d1fh0wt1myzd35ixyr 915904 915903 2026-09-03T23:14:22Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi don su samu ƙunshi wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} l6lwc25tyt4h05uugxqmtxh8osj5vt2 915905 915904 2026-09-03T23:15:07Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi don su samu ƙunshi kuma su hayayyafa wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikin ta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} gkghvdj3n5fome3y7nrire8mdi64om1 915906 915905 2026-09-03T23:16:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi don su samu ƙunshi kuma su hayayyafa wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikinta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]nci/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} jkmawwsotln4sr7qcu064pv9g57dyq6 915907 915906 2026-09-03T23:22:31Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'a */ 915907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi don su samu ƙunshi kuma su hayayyafa wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikinta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum baida sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} cg5kqktc2lh9o1g0iwr313oyhas4fe5 915908 915907 2026-09-03T23:23:17Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Amfanin Sana'a */ 915908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abubuwan maƙera.jpg|thumb|sana ar gargajiyan na kera]] [[Fayil:Cattle and sheep.jpg|thumb|sana ar kiwo]] '''Sana'o'in [[Hausawa]] na gargajiya''' na nufin sana'o'inena asalin mutanen [[Hausa Bakwai|Hausa]] na farko wanda aka san su da shu. Wadannan sana'oin sun kasance tushen tattalin arzikin kasashen Hausa tun a farkon, tarihe tarihensu. Daga ciki akwai noma da rini da jima da kira da dai sauransu. == Asalin Sana'a == Sana’a kalma ce da aka aro ta daga harshen [[Larabci]], kuma tana ɗaukar ma’ana ta samar da wani abin amfani ta hanyar hikima a Hausance. Misali, sana’ar ƙira. A gargajiyance, [[Hausawa|Bahaushe]] yana da sana’o’in da yawansu ke da wahalar ƙirguwawa. Daga cikin irin waɗannan sana’o’i akwai manya, akwai kuma ƙanana, akwai na maza, haka zalika akwai kuma na mata, sannan kuma akwai na gama-gari. Sannan kuma masana sun kasa su zuwa kashi uku wadanda suka haɗa da sana’o’in maza da sana’o’in mata da kuma sana’o’in haɗaka ko na gamayya wan da Maza da kuma mata sukeyi. Sana'a na nufin duk wani nema ko hanyar da [[Dan Adam]] zai nemi abinci ta hanyar halak, ko kuma sana'a ita ce duk abinda mutun zai sarrafa domin ya sami wata lada, ya samu ya rayu, rayuwa mai kyau ba tare da wani matsala ba. Ko kuma a takaice mu ce sana'a na nufin dogaro da kai. Sana'ar mutum ita ce a bar alfaharinsa ko ina ya je da ita zai tinkaho. Akwai wasu mawakan Hausa da dama da suka yi tsokaci a kan Sana'a, har wata daga cikinsu tana cewa a lokacin da take zaburar da mata a kan sana'a "Kai ku tashi ku koyi sana'a mata, macen da ba ta sana'a aura ce" kalmar aura a nan tana nufin jaka. Sana’o’in maza su ne sana’o’in da maza zalla ne suka fi yawan yin su. Koda an samu mata a ciki to yawansu bai kai a misalta ba. Misali, sana’ar ƙira da sauransu. Ire- Iren wadannan sanao’in gargajiya na Hausawa sun hada da: # [[Noma]] # [[saƙa]] # [[Fawa]] # [[Sassaka]] # [[Sussuka]] # [[Fatauci]] # [[Su]](Kamun kifi) # [[Dukanci]] # [[Wanzanci]] # [[Kiwo]] # [[Rini]] # [[Jima]] # [[Ƙira]] # [[Farauta]] # [[Kasuwanci]] # Jima == Bayanin su == Bayan mun ga Ire-iren su bari mu tafi zuwa bayaninsu daya bayan daya da kuma abubuwan da suka kunsa. == Noma == "Noma na duke tsohon ciniki shine kirarin noma da Hausawa suke masa da dadewa". A ƙasar hausa dacan babu wata babbar sana’a wadda zance maka kusan kowa yana yinta da ta wuce noma. Inda mafi yawancin Kakanni suke amfani da noma domin cida iyalansu ta hanyar shuka abun da zasu ci da kuma saidawa. Shi noma ya kasu ne zuwa gida biyu ga su kamar haka: #Noma domin cida gida: Mafi yawancin noman da hausawa suke yi a ƙasar hausa a da can musamman talakawan wanda zasu cida iyalinsu ne kawai, wanda zaka ga mutum ya noma abunda zasu ci da iyalinsa kadai. Misalin irin wannan shine wanda yake shuka hatsi irinsu [[masara]], [[dawa]], [[gero]] da ma sauransu waɗanda ake sarrafawa zuwa abincin gargajiya. #Noman Kasuwanci: Nau’i na biyu kuma shine wanda domin sai dawa kaɗai ake yinsa wanda ba a iya ci ya tsaya ba kamar waɗanda suke noma shukoki irin auduga da kuma irinsu ridi da sauransu. Duk da cewa daga baya an runguma noman Masara da Shinkafa da sauransu a matsayin noman kasuwanci. == Kiwo == Kiwo dai shi ne babbar sana'ar [[Fulani]] kuma sunfi kowace Ƙabila iya kiwo da yawan dabbobi, kamar yadda Noma yake babbar sana'ar Hausawa haka suma Fulani kiwo shine babbar sana'ar su. Sai dai kuma Kiwo na daga cikin sana’oi wanda suka shahara a wajen hausawa wanda suke yi tun kaka da kakanni. Hausawa sun daɗe suna kiwata dabbobi daban-daban kama tun daga mayan dabbobi zuwa ƙananan dabbobi. Misalan wasu daga cikin dabbobin da hausawa suka daɗe suna kiwatawa sun haɗa da [[kaza]], fannin raguna, [[shanu]] rakuma da sauransu. Yawancin dalilin da yake sa ana kiwo shine domin a sai da a samu kuɗi don biyan wasu buƙatun yau-da-kullum, wani lokacin kuma domin a yi aikin noma da su Misali shanun Noma (Ga'in huɗa). ==Rini== Sana’ar hannu ce wadda ake yi, yadda take shine ana canza ma kaya launi ko kuma kala ta hanyar rina su da sinadarai. Da dadewa hausawa sun dade suna rina kayansu wanda wadanda ke rini a hausa ana kiransu da marina. Dalilin yinsa shine don a samu kudi da wanda rini har yanzu ana yinsa a yankunan hausawa daban daban a fadin duniya. == Jima == Tunda daɗewa an daɗe duniya ana jima bama a ƙasar hausa kawai ba, inda ake saida abubuwan da ake haɗa sanadiyyar jima a kasuwa. Jima tana nufin samun fata ta dabbobi a tsaftace ta yadda za’a sarrafa ta zuwa abubuwan amfani. Misalin abubuwan da ake haɗawa daga jima sun haɗa da sulke, takalma, buzu da saurandsu. == DUKANCI == Sana’ar Dukanci, sana’a ce da ake sarrafa fata a mayar da ita wani abu mai amfani kamar takalmi, guga, riga da sauransu domin samun abin masarufi. Baduku shi ne sunan mai yin sana’ar Dukanci. Fatar da masu jima ke samarwa, ita dukawa ke sarrafawa. Akwai unguwar da ta yi fice a kan wannan sana’a a cikin birnin Kano da ake kira Dukawa. -Kayan Aiki Dukawa sukan gudanar da sana’arsu ta dukanci ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin da suka haɗa da: fata, almakashi, guduma, allura da sauransu -Kayayyakin da Dukawa ke Yi Matashi (fulo), majingini, buzu, laya, guru, daga, kambu, salka, garkuwa, maratayi, taraha/tintimi, rigar sirdi, ragama, kube, gafaka, zabira, linzami, takalmi, kwari, tandu, burgami, warki, guga, dagumi, sulkami, zugazugi (abin da masu sana'ar ƙira ke hura wuta da shi), taiki, da sauransu. == ƘIRA == Ko shakka babu ƙira na daya daga cikin sanaoin gargajiya na hausawa wanda suke yi tun zamanin kaka da kakanni. Yadda ake ƙira shi ne za’a samu ƙarfe a sa shi cikin wuta yayi ja yadda za’a sarrafa shi zuwa abubuwan amfani. Wanda yake kira ana kiranshi da makeri shikuma wajen da ake kirar ana kiranta da makera. Misalan abubuwan da ake kerawa sun hada da abubuwan aikin gona akamar su lauje, hauya, gatari, mijagara, garma, fatanya, magirbi, adda da sauransu. Akwai kuma abuwan yaƙi wanda suma a makera ake hada su kamar su Takobi, adda, makari mashi, kibiya da sauransu. == FARAUTA == Farauta na nufin kamo dabbobin daji ta hanyar halbo su ko kuma yi masu tarko yadda za’a kamasu. Farauta ana yinta ne musamman don kamo nama daga daji domin a ci ko kuma a sai da a kasuwa ga wanda suka dauke ta a matsayin kasuwanci. Wanda ya dauki farauta a matsayin kasuwanci ana kiranshi da mafarauci a kasar hausa. ==== Sana'a ==== '''GA JERIN SANA'O'IN HAUSAWA''' 1. ''''''[[Kafinta]]''''' kafin sana'a ce ta aikin sarrafa katako da ƙusa. shi Kafinta kala biyu ne akwai na sama akwai kuma na kasa, Kafinta sama shine wanda yake bugun kwano wato rafta da dai sauransu. Shi kuma Kafinta kasa shine mai hada kujeru da gadaje ds. 2. '''''Su/Masunci/Mai kamun kifi''''' Su sana'a ce ta kamun kifi, mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita, tunda zaka ga da yawa masu yin su har bada maganin sanyi suke saboda alakar su da ruwa. Su na daga sana'a da ake gado tun daga iyaye har kakanni. 3. '''''Ƙira''''' ƙira, ita ma sana'a ce da ta danganci sarrafa ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da wuta, a daddoke ko a mammokaɗe shi irin yadda ake buƙata domin a samar da wani abu mai amfani ko ma'aikaci. Ƙira sana'a ce mai zaman kanta wadda ita ma akan dogara da ita wato ƙira na nufin sana'a ce da ake sanin yadda ake sarrafa karfe da wuta. Itama akan gade ta iyaye da kakanni masu ƙira na bada maganin wuta. Maƙera suna samar da abubuwa, kamar haka, Adda, takobi, wuƙa, garma, fatanya, magirbi, Gatari, lauje da sauransu<ref> https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sanaoi-a-kasar-hausa-wanzanci</ref> 4. '''''[[Kiɗa]]''''' kida shi ma sana'a ce da akanyi ta a kasar Hausa tun zamanin da, shi ma akan dogara da ita. Makada sun kasu daban daban akwai makadin noma, na fada, na yan'bori da kuma makadi game gari shi kam kowa yana wa kids sarki, yan'bori manoma ds. 5. '''''[[Sassaka]]''''' ita ma sana'a ce mai zaman kanta ta sarrafa itace wadda masassaka ke yin ta, misali suna sassaka [[turmi]] [[tabarya]], Kota/fartanya, [[kujera]],akushi,ƙoshiya, muciya da sauransu. 6. '''''Dukanci''''' ita dai sana'a baduku sana'a ce ta sanin yadda ake sarrafa fata da irin guru da layun nan gargajiya wato masu dinka laya. Haka kuma bayan ɗinka guru da laya, Dukawa suna samar da, kube (gidan wuƙa ko takobi da adda), haka, gafaka da sauransu 7. '''''[[Wanzan]]ci''''' shi ma sana'a ce ta gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. wanzaci sana'a wadda wanzami ke amfani da kayan aikinsa wajen gusar da suma ko gashi a Matsayin aski. Wanzamai suna yin wasu ayyukan bayan aski, kamar cire beli, lafiya/shayi, cire hakin wuya,yin ƙaho,bada magunguna da sauransu. Kamar yadda aka ji a baya, misali sune sukeyin [[aski]], [[kaciya]] ds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |access-date=2021-04-07 |archive-date=2021-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105859/https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/HausaSanaa.html#gsc.tab=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 8. '''''Dinki'''' sana'a dinki sana'a ce da akeyi don dogaro da kai madunka suna dunka riguna sawa na maza da mata iri daban daban. 9. '''''[[Noma]]''''' shi ma noma sana'a ce mai mutukar amfani wadda ita ma da itace wasu suka dogara. 10. '''''[[Kiwo]]''''' sana'ar kiwo, sana'a ce ta lura da rainon dabbobi don su samu ƙunshi kuma su hayayyafa wadda fulani suka fi shahara a cikinta, tunba kiwon shanu ba, kusan dukan Annabawa sunyi kiwo. 11. '''''[[Kasuwanci]]/Fatauci''''' kasuwanci sana'a ce wadda ta samo asali tun daga fiyayyen halittu (S A W) yayin da itace sana'a da aka fi shahara akanta kusan acikin ko wace Al-ummah. Kasuwanci shi ne saye da saukarwa 12. '''''Gini''''' Gini shi ma sana'a ce wadda ta kasu kashi biyu, akwai masu ginin gidaje sai kuma masu ginin tukwane ds. Maginin gida she ke tsira samar da muhalli na ɗan adam, ta hanyar amfani da ƙasa ko amfani da yashi da [[siminti]]. Haka kuma a ɓangare na biyu, Magina masu amfani da yumɓu domin samar da kayayyakin amfani a gida kamar irin su tukunyar ƙasa, randa, tulu, kwadare, amaryar wuta da sauransu 13. '''''Ɗori''''' shi ma sana'a ce wadda mafi yawanta gadon ta ake daga iyaye da kakanni. Wato madora sune masu dora mutum idan ya karye har ma dabbobi. Da dai sauran sana'o'in Hausawa da bamu ambata ba. Wadannan sune a takaice. Amma akwaisu da yawa bazasu ƙirgu ba. ==== Sana'o'in Mata ==== Suma dai [[mata]]n [[Hausawa]] ba'a barsu a baya ba domin kuwa tun zamanin da suna yin sana'a ballantana wannan zamani 1. ''''[[Kitso]]'''' sana'ar [[Kitso]] sana'a ce da [[mata]] sukeyin ta domin samun yan kwabbai kuma domin su taimaka ma junansu. wasu tun suna yara suke koyo wasu kuma sai sun girma. Amma yanzu sukan bude saloon na zamani. 2. '''''[[Fura]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wadda akeyin ta don sai fura wani lokacin ma hada [[Nono]]. 3. '''''[[Tuwo]]''''' itama sana'a ce ta saida tuwo wadda aka fi sani da tuwo-tuwo, mafi yawa [[Mata]] keyin ta. 4. '''''Kaɗi''''' kaɗi sana'a ce ta [[Mata]] wato masu sarrafa [[Auduga]]/kaɗa don yin wasu abubuwa tunba mazari da kuma kayan sawa. Amma yanzu ba'a yi sana'a ta koma ta zamani. 5. '''''Koda''''' itama sana'a ce da mata keyi musamman tsofaffi, sana'a Koda na nufin sussukau mata masu sussukau hatsi musamman gero dawa ds. Amma anfi yin wannan sana'a a kauyuka. Yanzu ma dai ta kusa komawa ta zamani da inji akeyin sussuka. 6. '''''[[Lalle]]/kwalliya''''' itama sana'a ce wadda Mata keyi musamman idan za'a kai sabuwa amarya. Wato lallen Amare. 7. ''''Reda'''' Reda sana'a ce da mata keyi amma a da can lokacin da babu wadatuwar injina musamman kauye. Anayin reda ne wata Nika hatsi masara,dawa, gero da dai sauran su don yin tuwo. Duwatsu ne guda biyu daya sama daya kasa sai adinga zuba hatsi ana gogawa har ya zamo gari. == Amfanin Sana'a == Sana'a tana da amfani sosai don akasar Hausa idan mutum bai da sana'a ko aure ba'a bashi babban amfani sana'a tana sa a samu Al-ummah managarciya watau ingantacciya. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} 14w5v9whqojpabmu10ghxrrhk9fo5st 0 21150 915518 789718 2026-09-03T14:02:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amadu Ali''' (an haife shi talatin da daya 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1953) ya kasance ɗan siyasan kasar [[Ghana]] ne kuma malami. Ya taɓa zama dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Atebubu ta kudu a [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo|yankin Brong Ahafo]] a majalisa ta biyu da ta uku a jamhuriya ta 4 ta kasar [[Ghana]]. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ali a ranar 31 ga watan Yulin shekarar 1953. Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta kasuwanci ta Tamale, inda ya sami takardar shaidar kammala jarrabawar Afirka ta Yamma, kuma bayan ya kammala a [[Jami'ar Cape Coast]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs |url=http://staging.odekro.org/position/mp/ |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=stagingodekro.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs |url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Ghana MPs |archive-date=2020-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144702/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Siyasa == An fara zaɓen Ali a matsayin dan majalisa a zaɓen shekarar 1992 na majalisar dokokin kasar Ghana a matsayin dan majalisar farko na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress . Ali ya zama ɗan majalisa na 2 a jamhuriya ta 4 na kasar Ghana a lokacin da aka zabe shi a matsayin mukami a babban zaɓen Ghana na shekarar 1996, Wa'adin ya kare ne a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2001. Sannan ya sake tsayawa takara a lokacin babban zaɓen Ghana na shekara ta 2000 . Ya lashe kujerar ne da kuri'u 3,645. Ya kasance ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Atebubu ta kudu a kan tikitin takarar jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress daga ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1993 har zuwa lokacin da ya sha kaye a zaɓen ƙasar Ghana na shekarar 2004 a hannun Emmanuel Owusu Manu lokacin da aka haɗe mazaɓar ta zama mazaɓar Atebubu-Amantin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2000 |title=MP: Brong Ahafo Region |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/MPs-Brong-Ahafo-Region-12585 |access-date=2020-09-01 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Peace FM |title=Parliament - Brong Ahafo Region Election 1996 Results |url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/brongahafo/ |access-date=2020-09-02 |website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM |archive-date=2016-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101005534/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/brongahafo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Zaɓe == A lokacin babban zaben Ghana na 2004, Ali ya lashe kujerar bayan ya samu ƙuri'u 10,245 wanda shine kashi 52.70% na yawan ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa (19,430). Mumuni Ibrahim Mohammed a kan tikitin jam’iyyar Patriotic Party ta kasa ya samu kuri’u 6,600 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 34.00%. Wani dan adawar jam'iyyar Reform Party (NRP) George Kwasi Nyarko ya samu ƙuri'u 1,794 (9.20%). Sauran ƙuri’un an raba su ne tsakanin Anthony Kwame Amevor na babban taron jama’a (PNC) da Annor Z. Nikitin na jam’iyyar Convention People’s Party (CPP). Sun samu kuri'u 524 (2.70%) da kuri'u 267 (1.40%) bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Parliament: Brong Ahafo Region |url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/parliament/brongahafo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101004621/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com:80/pages/2000/parliament/brongahafo/ |archive-date=2016-11-01 |access-date=2020-09-03 |website=Peace FM Online}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ali [[musulmi]] ne . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5iennsjvxanj3k9fb1afu6ogml7fmet 4 21908 915810 915152 2026-09-03T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 915810 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:HoloSlamengSuarez|HoloSlamengSuarez]] |[[Special:Contributions/HoloSlamengSuarez|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |2 |[[User:CDPorter|CDPorter]] |[[Special:Contributions/CDPorter|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Realzeeboy|Realzeeboy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Realzeeboy|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Yusuf bin shuaib|Yusuf bin shuaib]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusuf bin shuaib|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Aminu Lawan Sulaiman|Aminu Lawan Sulaiman]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aminu Lawan Sulaiman|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |6 |[[User:BurbenboyTurin|BurbenboyTurin]] |[[Special:Contributions/BurbenboyTurin|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |7 |[[User:KaragouniS|KaragouniS]] |[[Special:Contributions/KaragouniS|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |8 |[[User:BABANMURJA|BABANMURJA]] |[[Special:Contributions/BABANMURJA|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |9 |[[User:PaskaSemmen113|PaskaSemmen113]] |[[Special:Contributions/PaskaSemmen113|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |10 |[[User:Ezardwizard|Ezardwizard]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ezardwizard|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Abiodun Ayobami|Abiodun Ayobami]] |[[Special:Contributions/Abiodun Ayobami|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Jcabbe3|Jcabbe3]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jcabbe3|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |13 |[[User:BerylTurin|BerylTurin]] |[[Special:Contributions/BerylTurin|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |14 |[[User:Mubson25|Mubson25]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mubson25|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |15 |[[User:Noleander|Noleander]] |[[Special:Contributions/Noleander|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |16 |[[User:D Jay Braheemyy|D Jay Braheemyy]] |[[Special:Contributions/D Jay Braheemyy|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |17 |[[User:Luphelo Yali|Luphelo Yali]] |[[Special:Contributions/Luphelo Yali|Gudummuwa]] |Laraba, 2 ga Satumba 2026 |- |18 |[[User:Ektoras duncan|Ektoras duncan]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ektoras duncan|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |19 |[[User:Fleedre|Fleedre]] |[[Special:Contributions/Fleedre|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |20 |[[User:PWidergren|PWidergren]] |[[Special:Contributions/PWidergren|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |21 |[[User:Andria Tsets|Andria Tsets]] |[[Special:Contributions/Andria Tsets|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |22 |[[User:Xavier Argimon|Xavier Argimon]] |[[Special:Contributions/Xavier Argimon|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |23 |[[User:Ivli|Ivli]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ivli|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |24 |[[User:Amanguru77|Amanguru77]] |[[Special:Contributions/Amanguru77|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |25 |[[User:Ateny2011|Ateny2011]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ateny2011|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |26 |[[User:Asmaahassninhassn|Asmaahassninhassn]] |[[Special:Contributions/Asmaahassninhassn|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |27 |[[User:Jeremy Greenstock|Jeremy Greenstock]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jeremy Greenstock|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |28 |[[User:Vhv ccc|Vhv ccc]] |[[Special:Contributions/Vhv ccc|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |29 |[[User:Ado Umar Abdullahi|Ado Umar Abdullahi]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ado Umar Abdullahi|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |30 |[[User:DrMeb17|DrMeb17]] |[[Special:Contributions/DrMeb17|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |31 |[[User:Zhaorry|Zhaorry]] |[[Special:Contributions/Zhaorry|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 3 ga Satumba 2026 |- |} h1izq6e65b7b5ytulzydliyz0dhep2f 0 22382 915606 602559 2026-09-03T16:19:04Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Hakkin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Wadanda suka hada da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu karamin karfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a kungiyoyi Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnS4n8tBmdHJ03RO4iXo66N2uxp67foEghv2jXwuclpqJ Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001248/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnS4n8tBmdHJ03RO4iXo66N2uxp67foEghv2jXwuclpqJ |date=2017-03-05 }}</span>] *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks"> [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JOpJJdGsRoQ27CMs9pCyCeIlKnGievh2Y7MjbrnBMYhKvLaYv3JNGcGpGOED7uje French], [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnTi%2btSctMt81e0ikU%2bles9IRFZVgvj9c6KjfNWROvcbB Spanish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001251/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnTi%2btSctMt81e0ikU%2bles9IRFZVgvj9c6KjfNWROvcbB |date=2017-03-05 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP Arabic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726132030/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP |date=2014-07-26 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143702/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk |date=2021-04-27 }} and [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143658/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm |date=2021-04-27 }}</span>] hef5zejiab0tp29r01r4zmhp9duzw86 915607 915606 2026-09-03T16:19:16Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Haƙƙin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Wadanda suka hada da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu karamin karfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a kungiyoyi Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnS4n8tBmdHJ03RO4iXo66N2uxp67foEghv2jXwuclpqJ Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001248/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnS4n8tBmdHJ03RO4iXo66N2uxp67foEghv2jXwuclpqJ |date=2017-03-05 }}</span>] *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks"> [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JOpJJdGsRoQ27CMs9pCyCeIlKnGievh2Y7MjbrnBMYhKvLaYv3JNGcGpGOED7uje French], [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnTi%2btSctMt81e0ikU%2bles9IRFZVgvj9c6KjfNWROvcbB Spanish] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001251/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnTi%2btSctMt81e0ikU%2bles9IRFZVgvj9c6KjfNWROvcbB |date=2017-03-05 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP Arabic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726132030/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP |date=2014-07-26 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143702/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk |date=2021-04-27 }} and [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143658/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm |date=2021-04-27 }}</span>] l4kztponiej9mxocyid2sh1pwrahi46 915608 915607 2026-09-03T16:19:36Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Haƙƙin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Waɗanda suka haɗa da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu karamin karfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a kungiyoyi Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001251/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW60i4sybfB7d2%2b157lXAOBezw5L00c1U4%2fmhtPbjB1Fx7wqk0utTBiu4l%2f97xp1pnTi%2btSctMt81e0ikU%2bles9IRFZVgvj9c6KjfNWROvcbB |date=2017-03-05 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP Arabic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726132030/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0JQEdk7f06Eyu7LVgrPG4STeGI7lwDzeksJhKEBBFytmtVBab7K2EFWXXxA9kEbSP |date=2014-07-26 }}, [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk Russian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143702/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk |date=2021-04-27 }} and [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143658/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm |date=2021-04-27 }}</span>] nfvxi0zl0k7p50q2fuauibu5bgxsjzg 915609 915608 2026-09-03T16:19:49Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Haƙƙin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Waɗanda suka haɗa da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a kungiyoyi Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143702/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk |date=2021-04-27 }} and [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143658/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm |date=2021-04-27 }}</span>] hqy88dmyjd5fbi5ok5qcl3xqdndp8e8 915610 915609 2026-09-03T16:20:04Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Haƙƙin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Waɗanda suka haɗa da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a ƙungiyoyin Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143702/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC000gX5V%2fxFevrspahcSeU9bh2LQL7w3VSXzGJBa34a%2fl3iQQCnKCXBTK16lGHFFvk |date=2021-04-27 }} and [http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm Chinese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143658/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW1AVC1NkPsgUedPlF1vfPMJ2c7ey6PAz2qaojTzDJmC0pPuO9iSC77WLO%2fUOFAVqcQFGSZRTVmFg3dbcA2lX%2bmvzaFDEB0cD%2bXK2PnzbqJDm |date=2021-04-27 }}</span>] h6biwn89mb78p6a7mdhw5t8wfcbcwtw 915611 915610 2026-09-03T16:20:24Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Colorful Bed sheets.jpg|thumb|Tufafi]].<ref></ref> '''Yancin samun wadatattun sutura''', ko' '''yancin sanya tufafi''', An amince da shi a matsayin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|'yancin ɗan adam]] a cikin wasu kayan aiki na haƙƙin ɗan adam na ƙasa da ƙasa , Wannan tare da haƙƙin abinci da haƙƙin zama, ɓangarori ne na haƙƙin samun daidaito na rayuwa kamar yadda aka sani a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 11 na Yarjejeniyar onasa ta Duniya akan Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu (ICESCR). Hakanan an yarda da haƙƙin sutura a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Bayyanar da Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]] (UDHR). {{Sfn|James|2008}} == Masu cin gajiyar == Haƙƙin sanya sutura wani bangare ne na 'yancin samun daidaituwar rayuwa, kuma don hakan ana daukarsa a matsayin wani abu da ya kamata a tabbatar don hana mutane rayuwa a karkashin talauci. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Lallai, sanya sutura alama ce ta talauci mai girma da Kuma arziki. Don nuna yadda ake da damar samun suturar da ke akwai, Dakta Stephen James ya samar da jerin wasu wadatattun masu cin gajiyar hakkin mafi karancin sutura. Waɗanda suka haɗa da wannan jerin mutanen sune wadanda suka fi fama da rashin sutura, kamar su: {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Homesless_in_Roma.jpg|thumb| Marasa gida wani yanki ne na al'umma da ke wahala ƙwarai da rashin wadatattun sutura.]] [[File:Street_Child,_Srimangal_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb| Yaran gari ma suna wahala sosai.]] * Masu ƙaramin ƙarfi, gami da marasa aikin yi, marasa [[karfi]] da aiki . * An fansho da sauransu sun dogara da tsaro na zamantakewa ; * Marassa matsuguni da sauransu a cikin rashin matsuguni; * Waɗanda ke cikin masaukin gaggawa (alal misali, wuraren neman mata ), ko na hali ko masu zaman kansu (Gami da masaukin sadaka). * Tsofaffi, ko kuma a cikin keɓaɓɓun gidaje ko hayar haya, ko na jiha, na kasuwanci ko na jinƙai gidajen kula da jinya, asibitoci da masu kula da asibiti; * Mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin rashin lafiya ta hankali ko na rashin ƙarfi na tunani ko na jiki (ko suna rayuwa a gida ba tare da kansu ba, tare da danginsu ko wasu, ko kuma a ƙungiyoyin Yanki na al'ummomi rabin-gida-gida, asibitoci na gwamnati ko masu zaman kansu da sauran cibiyoyi); * Yara da matasa, musamman marayu da yara masu laifi a cikin kulawa, makarantun jihohi ko wuraren tsare mutane; * Marasa lafiya da wadanda suka ji rauni a asibitoci (ko cibiyoyin gyarawa), gami da waɗanda ake kula da su saboda shaye-shaye da sauran masu dogaro da ƙwayoyi ; * Fursunoni, a tsare ko akasin haka; * Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antun haɗari (alal misali, masana'antar kera sinadarai da masana'antar [[Hakar ma'adinai|hakar ma'adanai]] ), ko kuma suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi na matsi (misali, masu gumi ), waɗanda rayuwarsu ko lafiyarsu ta dogara da tufafin kariya (haɗe da masu aikin yara); * 'Yan asalin ƙasar da ke rayuwa a cikin talauci; * [['Yan gudun hijira|'Yan Gudun Hijira]], masu neman mafaka, da kuma ma'aikatan bakin haure (musamman wadanda ke aiki a kasuwannin bayan fage ba bisa ka'ida ba); kuma, * Wadanda ke fama da bala'o'i, rikice-rikicen cikin gida, yakin basasa da na duniya (gami da fursunonin yaƙi ), zalunci na kisan kare dangi da sauran ɓarna. == Ganewa == Rashin tattaunawa a game da haƙƙin sutura ya haifar da rashin tabbas game da burin dama da kuma yawan tufafi da ake buƙata. Masani Matthew Craven ya lura cewa mafi ƙarancin matakin tufafi shine abin da ake buƙatar samarwa; yana da "mahimmin mahimmanci ba kadan ba saboda a mafi karancin matakan yana wakiltar batun rayuwa." {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} Wannan abin da ake buƙata na "mafi ƙarancin" ko "isasshe" ana nuna shi a cikin rahotanni daga Kwamitin UNancin Haƙƙin Yara ( UN) na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya {{Sfn|CRC|2005}} da kuma rahoto daga Consortium For Street Children, {{Sfn|CSC|2009}} kazalika a matsayin yawan Janar Bayani daga Kwamitin Kula da Tattalin Arziki, Tsarin Al'adu da Al'adu (CESCR) dangane da tsofaffi, {{Sfn|CESCR|1996}} nakasassu, {{Sfn|CESCR|1995}} da ma'aikata. {{Sfn|CESCR|2000}} Akwai, duk da haka, babu wata alama game da abin da irin wannan mafi ƙarancin "ƙarancin" ko "isasshen" daidaiton ya ƙunsa: hakika, ba safai ba ne CESCR ya yi tambayar wata ƙungiya ta ICESCR game da aikinta game da haƙƙin sutura ko tufafi. {{Sfn|James|2008}} {{Sfn|Craven|1995}} An kuma sami takaitaccen sharhin ilimi game da burin 'yancin sanya sutura dangane da' yan gudun hijira. James Hathaway ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata 'yan gudun hijirar su samu suturar da za ta dace da yanayin kuma ta wadatar da duk wani aiki ko wasu mukamai da suke fatan aiwatarwa. Bugu da ƙari, bai kamata a tilasta su sanya kowane irin tufafin da zai haifar da ƙyamar jama'a ko nuna bambanci a matsayin baƙi ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} A gefe guda kuma, duk da haka, idan 'yan gudun hijirar suka zabi sanya tufafin da ke wakiltar al'adunsu, kasar da suka fito ko kuma al'ummarsu, suna da kariya a karkashin doka ta 27 ta Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan' Yancin Jama'a da Siyasa don yin hakan. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Kwamitin kan Hakkin Tattalin Arziki, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ya karkata zuwa ga amfani da fassarar takamaiman mahallin kan abin da ya isa daidaiton sutura; ya zuwa yanzu, ba a yi la'akari da haƙƙi a cikin azancin sa gaba ɗaya a cikin sharhi na gaba ɗaya ba. {{Sfn|Hathaway|2005}} Hakkin mallakar sutura ko tufafi an yarda dashi a cikin gida tsawon shekaru dubbai&nbsp;- aƙalla sashi&nbsp;- amma ya sami ƙarancin sanarwa a yanayin duniya saboda wasu dalilai. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ba a bayyana dalilin da ya sa ake samun rashin ganewa ba; wani marubucin ya ba da shawarar cewa rashin bayani dalla-dalla ya samo asali ne saboda bambancin bukatun al'adu da bukatunsu. {{Sfn|IHRC|2014}} Koyaya, wannan bayanin an ɗauke shi a matsayin "ba mai yiwuwa ba ne": Dr James ya lura cewa "[c] bambancin al'adu, muhalli da tattalin arziki a cikin 'buƙatu da buƙatu' tabbas suna da alama game da gidaje, lafiya kamar yadda suke a ciki dangantaka da sutura, amma wannan bai hana ba da cikakken bayani ba game da waɗancan haƙƙoƙin a cikin dokokin duniya. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Masani Matthew Craven ya kammala a shekarata 1995 cewa: Koyaya, Dr James ya sake cewa: "... babu wani daga cikinmu da zai yi sakaci cewa ba za mu tsinci kanmu [...] cikin bukatar wadatattun sutura ba. Hakkin yana da mahimmancin amfani sosai. 'Yanci ne mai mahimmanci, ba ado ko wauta ba ta shari'a ". {{Sfn|James|2008}} Ya kuma yi kira da a cigaba da tattaunawa da sharhin ilimi, yana jayayya da hakan: == Hulɗa tsakanin haƙƙin sutura da sauran haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam == Kamar yadda haƙƙin tufafi ya shafi irin wannan mahimmin al'amari na ɗan'adam, a dabi'ance yana hulɗa da wasu haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam waɗanda ke ƙunshe cikin wasu kayan aikin haƙƙin ɗan adam. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakkin rayuwa === Kowane mutum na da haƙƙin rayuwa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na uku]] na UDHR. Koyaya, idan mutane ba sa suturar da ta dace, sun fi kyau fuskantar yanayi. Ba tare da dumi tufafi, wani mutum zai iya da kyau mutu daga hypothermia a lokacin da wani sanyi da hunturu; suturar da ba ta dace ba, a gefe guda, na iya taimakawa ga zafin jiki, rashin ruwa da gajiya a lokacin bazara ko a yanayin zafi. Bugu da ƙari kuma, rashin wadatattun tufafi na iya ƙara ɗaukar hotuna zuwa hasken ultraviolet ; kara rashin lafiyar jiki da yanayin fata; da kuma tsananta yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka kasance. {{Sfn|James|2008}} [[File:Nelly Diener cropped.jpg|thumb|Hakkin rayuwa cikin tufafi da walwala]] Bugu da ƙari, samun damar zuwa wajen likita&nbsp;- kamar yadda aka tabbatar a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 25]] na UDHR da kuma Mataki na 12 na ICESCR&nbsp;- ana iya hana ta ta hanyar rashin wadatattun kayan sawa, musamman idan ba a samun damar saye da suttura mai warkarwa ko takalmin ƙafa ko tsada. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yancin faɗar albarkacin baki === [[File:Jorge Alis - Maipú 2016.jpg|thumb|Yancin fadin albarkacin baki]] Sanya tufafi&nbsp;- ko fiye daidai, zaɓar waɗancan tufafi da za a sa&nbsp;- shine, ga mutane da yawa, wani muhimmin bangare na bayyanawa kamar yadda aka tabbatar a ƙarƙashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Mataki na 19]] na UDHR. Mutanen da ke da babban nakasa na iya yin suturar da ba ta dace ba, suna musun maganganun da suke so. Bugu da ƙari, tilasta sanya sutura mai datti, yage, mara kyau da ma tsofaffin tufafi na iya kiran izgili da raini da kuma haifar da kunya. {{Sfn|James|2008}} Wannan na iya zama gaskiya musamman ga yaran makaranta&nbsp;- iyaye na iya yin jinkirin la’akari da tura yaro zuwa makaranta sakamakon gori da kunya da aka kawo ta tufafin da yaron ya sanya. {{Sfn|Kornbluh|2007}} Ya kamata a ke rarrabewa, duk da haka, tsakanin waɗanda aka tilasta musu sa rigunan da suka yage, marasa kyau ko tsofaffin kayan aiki da waɗanda suka sani sanye da sanya irin waɗannan tufafi a matsayin 'bayanin sanarwa'. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === 'Yanci daga wariya === Tufafin da mutane suka zaɓi sanyawa na iya gano abubuwa da yawa game da mutum: alaƙar addini, ƙabila, asalin ƙasa ko siyasa, al'ada, ko launin fata. Za a iya gardama da shi, tufafin da matalauci yake sawa zai iya nuna talaucinsu. Wannan alamar talauci ko talaucin halin tattalin arziki na iya zama sanadin wariya da zagi. Ari akan haka, tufafi wanda yake da banbancin al'ada ko kuma yake nuna alaƙar addini na iya haifar da wariya kuma ya haifar da ƙin damar jama'a, tattalin arziki, ko siyasa da kasuwanci. {{Sfn|James|2008}} === Hakki zuwa 'yanci daga zalunci, rashin mutuntaka ko wulakanta mutum ko horo === Akwai babbar dama ga "cin zarafin amana, don wulakanci da cin zarafi iri-iri a cikin likitanci da tsarin hukumomi, musamman dangane da mata da yara, nakasassu da tsofaffi." {{Sfn|James|2008}} Idan aka hana mutum samun wadatattun sutura&nbsp;- musamman tufafi masu mahimmanci, kamar su kayan ciki&nbsp;- mai yiyuwa ne a sanya su cikin rauni ga danniya, rashin mutuntaka, ko wulakanta mutum ko hukunci a karkashin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|doka ta 5]] ta UDHR. Irin wannan musun zai hada da karbar tufafi da karfi, kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci a mahallin tsarewa da gidajen yari: "[o] ne a zahiri ana iya barin shi tsirara a tsakiyar karfin mulki, wani mummunan yanayi [...] da ake gani sau da yawa a gidajen yari, a cikin yaki da sansanonin tattara hankali. " {{Sfn|James|2008}} Misalan irin wannan cin zarafin a gidan yarin Abu Ghraib da ke Iraki da Guantanamo Bay sun gano sun haifar da cututtukan hankali, gami da rikicewar tashin hankali, sakamakon tilasta wa fursunoni yin tsirara da farati a gaban mata masu gadi, da kuma wadanda ake tsare da maza ana tilasta musu su sanya kayan mata. {{Sfn|Hess|2008}} == Bayani == *   [Versions in <span class="plainlinks">[http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B French] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143651/http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=4slQ6QSmlBEDzFEovLCuW9PLc2PqTeTT4tWqRY6bFFloGLP9i100lW9fzOwCgFORvL6Rx2wYh6INpl8msy4tbrbMckto%2fms8o9v0HoRlwBy2AXF4AUMjkscLVo4Qvb5B |date=2021-04-27 }}, 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[[File:Agrupación_de_Familiares_de_Detenidos_Desaparecidos_de_Chile_(de_Kena_Lorenzini).jpg|thumb| Matan ƙungiyar dangin waɗanda aka tsare sun bace a gaban Fadar La Moneda lokacin mulkin soja na Pinochet, suna neman bayani kan masoyan da aka tilasta batan su .]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin gaskiya''' shi ne hakki, dangane da mummunan take haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|dan adam]], ga wadanda abin ya shafa da danginsu ko al'ummominsu domin samun gaskiyar abinda ya faru. Haƙƙin gaskiya yana da kusanci da shi, to amma ya bambanta da, wajibin jihar na yin bincike da kuma hukunta manyan take Haƙƙin dan Adam.<ref name=Vedaschi>{{cite book |editor1-last=Shetreet |editor1-first=Shimon |title=The Culture of Judicial Independence: Rule of Law and World Peace |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-25781-8 |language=en |last1=Vedaschi |first1=Arianna |pages=107–133 |chapter=Globalization of Human Rights and Mutual Influence between Courts: The Innovative Reverse Path of the Right to the Truth|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Y. Gloria |title=Truth as Justice: Legal and Extralegal Development of the Right to Truth |journal=[[Harvard International Review]] |date=2010 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=24–27 |jstor=42763345 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42763345 |issn=0739-1854}}</ref> 'Yancin gaskiya wani nau'i ne na haƙƙin waɗanda aka zalunta ya dace musamman da yin canjin yanayi game da cin zarafin ɗan Adam a baya da aka rinka damu. A shekara ta 2006,<ref name=Sweeney>{{cite journal |last1=Sweeney |first1=James A |title=The Elusive Right to Truth in Transitional Human Rights Jurisprudence |journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly |date=2018 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=353–387 |doi=10.1017/S0020589317000586|doi-access=free }}</ref> Yasmin Naqvi ta kammala da cewa, "haƙƙin gaskiya yana tsaye a wani wuri a ƙofar ƙa'idar doka da kuma kayan magana a wani wuri sama da kyakkyawar hujja kuma a wani wuri a ƙasan ƙa'idar doka." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Naqvi |first1=Yasmin |title=The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction? |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |date=2006 |volume=88 |issue=862 |pages=245–273 |doi=10.1017/S1816383106000518 |s2cid=144817072 |url=https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/right-truth-international-law-fact-or-fiction |language=en}}</ref> == Asali/Tushe == Tunanin haƙƙin shari'a bisa gaskiya ya bambanta da fahimtar da ta gabata game da muhimmancin kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a cikin batun take haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A cikin shekarar 1977, Yarjejeniyar zuwa Geneva ta sanya haƙƙin dangin mutanen da aka kashe a cikin rikice-rikicen muƙamai domin ganin asalin abinda ya faru. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Wani taro na shekara ta 1993 a Cibiyar Katolika ta Harkokin International kasashen Duniya ya yi magana akan haƙƙin gaskiya. Dama zuwa ga gaskiya da aka gane a duniya taushi dokar kida kamar da ''United Nations Principles'' magance hukunci a shekarar (2005) {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} da kuma babban taron ''MDD (Majilisar dinkin duniya) Resolution'' 60/147, kazalika da 2011 na da wani United Nations Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman kan kaddamar da Gaskiya, Adalci, Sakawa da Garanti na rashin dawowa. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cikin shekarata 2006, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa akwai, "yancin da ba za a iya kwacewa ba kuma mai cin gashin kans." na gaskiya. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kare dukkan mutane daga Bacewar ta tilasta kuma ta ba wadanda aka tilastawa bacewa damar bincike domin danin yadda bacewar ta kasance to amma ba a amince da ita a duniya ba. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cewar Patricia Naftali, haƙƙin gaskiya ya kasance babu wuya saboda ra'ayi ne da ke da ma'ana daban-daban (wani lokacin ma yana cin karo da juna), wanda aka girka don tallafawa da'awar da dama na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. == Lamura == [[File:Villa_Grimaldi_3.jpg|thumb| Tunawa da shi a Villa Grimaldi tare da sunayen daruruwan mutane ko dai ƴan sanda asirin Chile sun ɓace ko sun kashe a can ƙarƙashin mulkin kama karya na Pinochet .]] Sakamakon ƙararraki a gaban kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa da suka gano jihohi na keta Haƙƙin dan Adam, an bukaci jihohi da: {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} # Gudanar da bincike mai inganci kuma a tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin # Bayyana bayanai game da mutanen da suka ɓace # Neman gafara a bainar jama'a tare da amincewa da take Haƙƙin mutane # Buga hukuncin kotu # Rama wadanda abin ya shafa # Sake biyan kuɗin kotu na masu da’awar # Inganta tsaro domin bada damar dawowar ‘yan gudun hijirar # Dauki matakai don hana sake faruwar abin da ya faru # Canja dokokin kasa # Cibiyar ta ɗauki matakan inganta bin ka’idojin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa # Gina abubuwan tunawa don tunawa da take hakkin ɗan' Adam === Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya === Shari'ar farko da ta bayyana hakki zuwa gaskiya a fikihun kare Haƙƙin dan Adam na ƙasa da kasa shine batun bacewar tilas, ''Quinteros v.'' ''Uruguay'' (1983); Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke hukuncin cewa, a cewar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa, mahaifiyar wanda aka kashe din tana da, <nowiki>''</nowiki>hakkin sanin abin da ya faru da yarta. Ta wannan mahangar, ita ma an cutar da ita ne game da keta alƙawarin da diyarta ta fuskanta musamman, na labarin 7 [ICCPR]." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A ''Saadoun v.'' ''Aljeriya'' (2003), game da mutumin da ya ɓace a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Aljeriya, Kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa rashin yin bincike ya haifar da wani sabon cin zarafin (ICCPR). A wannan halin da ake ciki na take hakki, Algeria ta sanar da yin afuwa ga laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin "bala'in kasa" {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} === Kotun Tsakanin Amurka da 'Yancin Dan Adam === Dokar shari'ar Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka ta 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta karkata zuwa ga ikon cin gashin kansa na gaskiya. Saboda hakkin kimanta gaskiya, kungiyar (IACHR) ta warware yarjeniyoyi da ke ba da afuwa ga masu keta hakkin dan Adam, kamar yadda yake a ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' (2001). {{Sfn|Latino|2018}} A cikin shekarata 1985, shekaru shida kafin Guatemala ta karɓi ikon (IACHR), ɗan jaridar Amurka Nicholas Blake ya ɓace. A cikin ''Blake v.'' ''Guatemala'' (1998), kungiyar IACHR ta yanke shawarar cewa ƙoƙarin Guatemalan na kawo cikas ga binciken danginsa game da gaskiyar ya haifar da cutar rashin mutunci sabanin Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} (IACHR) ta sha maimaita ra'ayinsa cewa: === Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam === Har ila yau akwai dokar shari'ar Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da ta dace da haƙƙin gaskiya. A cikin ''Cyprus v.'' ''Turkiya'' (2001), (ECHR) sun yanke hukunci akan [[Turkiyya|Turkiya]] dangane da batun 'yan [[Cyprus]] 'yan Girka da aka yi musu ganin karshe a hannun sojojin Turkiyya. Tashin hankalin dangin da ke raye sun haifar da "cigaba da take doka ta 3 ta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam (ECHR) game da dangin mutanen Girka-Cyprus da suka ɓace." {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} A cikin ''El-Masri v.'' ''Macedonia'' (2012), (ECtHR) sun tabbatar da cewa Arewacin Macedoniya suna yawan keta Yarjejeniyar ta yadda aka kyale El-Masri ya shiga hannun Amurka yayin ba da mamaki. Kotun ta lura cewa hukumomin Macedonia sun "hana mai neman sanar da shi abin da ya faru, gami da samun sahihin bayani game da wahalhalun da ake zargin ya sha da kuma rawar wadanda ke da alhakin abin da ya faɗa" da kuma boye wannan bayanan daga jama'a gaba daya. A cewar farfesa a fannin shari'a Arianna Vedaschi, "hukuncin da aka yanke a El-Masri ya nuna tunanin kirkire-kirkire na doka da kuma cikakkiyar halayyar kirki ta alkalai game da tabbatar da aiwatar da Haƙƙin gaskiya." A cikin ''Janowiec da Sauransu v.'' ''Rasha'' (2013), kotun ba ta sami cin zarafin taron ba game da binciken da Rasha ta yi game da kisan kiyashin Katyn na 1940, amma wannan hukuncin ya kasance bisa ka'idar rashin sake komowa saboda kisan gillar ya faru ne kafin a tsara (ECHR) Masanin shari'a James A. Sweeney ya soki tsarin (ECTHR) game da batun gaskiya-gaskiya, yana mai cewa: === Dokar ƙasa === Dokar ƙasar Argentina ta amince da haƙƙin gaskiya da adalci, tare da yin ''shari'ar sui generis'' da ake kira ''{{Interlanguage link|juicio por la verdad|es|Juicios por la Verdad}}'' (fitina game da gaskiya) ta cigaba ne bayan mulkin kama-karya na sojan Argentina. === Wuraren da ake iya yi === An ba da shawarar cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya dogaro da Mataki na 5 na Yarjejeniyar kasashen Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a cikin shari'oin gaskiya a gaban Kotun Afirka kan Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Tsarin [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|kotun da ke hukunta manyan laifuka na kasa da kasa]] wanda aka zalunta na iya zama tabbatacce ga hakkin gaskiya da adalci. == Sauran misalai == [[File:Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg|thumb| An binne Talaat Pasha, wanda ya ƙirƙiro da kisan kiyashi a Armenia a 1943 a wurin tunawa da 'yanci, Istanbul a matsayin gwarzo na kasa. ]] A cewar masanin ilimin shari'a Agostina Latino, haƙƙin gaskiyar da ke da nasaba da kisan kare dangin [[Armeniya]] ya zarce waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan Armeniya ga zuriyarsu da kuma Armeniya gaba ɗaya. Latino ta bayyana cewa, a matsayina na magajin gwamnatin Ottoman da ta aikata kisan kare dangi, musanta kisan kare dangi da gwamnatin Turkiya ke yi wa Armeniya ya keta hakkinsu na gaskiya. Misali, akwai wuraren tarihi da tituna da aka lasafta sunayen wadanda suka aikata laifin, amma ba wadanda abin ya shafa ba. Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka da wasu masu nazarin ra'ayin sun ba da shawarar cewa faɗin gaskiya na iya zama wani nau'i na biyan diyya ga waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu game da 'yancin ɗan Adam. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} Yancin gaskiya na da nasaba da yaki da rashin hukuntawa kamar yadda kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a baya shi ne mataki na farko wajen hukunta masu aikata laifi. == Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya == Tun daga shekarar 2010, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ke yin bikin Ranar Duniya don 'Yancin Gaskiya game da Babban take Haƙƙin Dan-Adam da Darajar waɗanda abin ya shafa, ko Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya, a ranar 24 ga Maris, ranar tunawa da kisan babban malamin El Salvador Óscar Arnulfo Romero. * == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cidrukc80mfs3bbs9q8iuwspc2at37q 915622 915621 2026-09-03T16:25:36Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:%22In_Search_of_the_Truth%22_in_Selma,_AL.png |thumb|Gaskiya ]] [[File:Agrupación_de_Familiares_de_Detenidos_Desaparecidos_de_Chile_(de_Kena_Lorenzini).jpg|thumb| Matan ƙungiyar dangin waɗanda aka tsare sun bace a gaban Fadar La Moneda lokacin mulkin soja na Pinochet, suna neman bayani kan masoyan da aka tilasta batan su .]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin gaskiya''' shi ne hakki, dangane da mummunan take haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|dan adam]], ga wadanda abin ya shafa da danginsu ko al'ummominsu domin samun gaskiyar abinda ya faru. Haƙƙin gaskiya yana da kusanci da shi, to amma ya bambanta da, wajibin jihar na yin bincike da kuma hukunta manyan take Haƙƙin dan Adam.<ref name=Vedaschi>{{cite book |editor1-last=Shetreet |editor1-first=Shimon |title=The Culture of Judicial Independence: Rule of Law and World Peace |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-25781-8 |language=en |last1=Vedaschi |first1=Arianna |pages=107–133 |chapter=Globalization of Human Rights and Mutual Influence between Courts: The Innovative Reverse Path of the Right to the Truth|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Y. Gloria |title=Truth as Justice: Legal and Extralegal Development of the Right to Truth |journal=[[Harvard International Review]] |date=2010 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=24–27 |jstor=42763345 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42763345 |issn=0739-1854}}</ref> 'Yancin gaskiya wani nau'i ne na haƙƙin waɗanda aka zalunta ya dace musamman da yin canjin yanayi game da cin zarafin ɗan Adam a baya da aka rinka damu. A shekara ta 2006,<ref name=Sweeney>{{cite journal |last1=Sweeney |first1=James A |title=The Elusive Right to Truth in Transitional Human Rights Jurisprudence |journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly |date=2018 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=353–387 |doi=10.1017/S0020589317000586|doi-access=free }}</ref> Yasmin Naqvi ta kammala da cewa, "haƙƙin gaskiya yana tsaye a wani wuri a ƙofar ƙa'idar doka da kuma kayan magana a wani wuri sama da kyakkyawar hujja kuma a wani wuri a ƙasan ƙa'idar doka." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Naqvi |first1=Yasmin |title=The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction? |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |date=2006 |volume=88 |issue=862 |pages=245–273 |doi=10.1017/S1816383106000518 |s2cid=144817072 |url=https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/right-truth-international-law-fact-or-fiction |language=en}}</ref> == Asali/Tushe == Tunanin haƙƙin shari'a bisa gaskiya ya bambanta da fahimtar da ta gabata game da muhimmancin kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a cikin batun take haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A cikin shekarar 1977, Yarjejeniyar zuwa Geneva ta sanya haƙƙin dangin mutanen da aka kashe a cikin rikice-rikicen muƙamai domin ganin asalin abinda ya faru. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Wani taro na shekara ta 1993 a Cibiyar Katolika ta Harkokin International kasashen Duniya ya yi magana akan haƙƙin gaskiya. Dama zuwa ga gaskiya da aka gane a duniya taushi dokar kida kamar da ''United Nations Principles'' magance hukunci a shekarar (2005) {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} da kuma babban taron ''MDD (Majilisar dinkin duniya) Resolution'' 60/147, kazalika da shekara ta 2011 na da wani United Nations Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman kan ƙaddamar da Gaskiya, Adalci, Sakawa da Garanti na rashin dawowa. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cikin shekarata 2006, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa akwai, "yancin da ba za a iya kwacewa ba kuma mai cin gashin kans." na gaskiya. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kare dukkan mutane daga Bacewar ta tilasta kuma ta ba wadanda aka tilastawa bacewa damar bincike domin danin yadda bacewar ta kasance to amma ba a amince da ita a duniya ba. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cewar Patricia Naftali, haƙƙin gaskiya ya kasance babu wuya saboda ra'ayi ne da ke da ma'ana daban-daban (wani lokacin ma yana cin karo da juna), wanda aka girka don tallafawa da'awar da dama na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. == Lamura == [[File:Villa_Grimaldi_3.jpg|thumb| Tunawa da shi a Villa Grimaldi tare da sunayen daruruwan mutane ko dai ƴan sanda asirin Chile sun ɓace ko sun kashe a can ƙarƙashin mulkin kama karya na Pinochet .]] Sakamakon ƙararraki a gaban kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa da suka gano jihohi na keta Haƙƙin dan Adam, an bukaci jihohi da: {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} # Gudanar da bincike mai inganci kuma a tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin # Bayyana bayanai game da mutanen da suka ɓace # Neman gafara a bainar jama'a tare da amincewa da take Haƙƙin mutane # Buga hukuncin kotu # Rama wadanda abin ya shafa # Sake biyan kuɗin kotu na masu da’awar # Inganta tsaro domin bada damar dawowar ‘yan gudun hijirar # Dauki matakai don hana sake faruwar abin da ya faru # Canja dokokin kasa # Cibiyar ta ɗauki matakan inganta bin ka’idojin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa # Gina abubuwan tunawa don tunawa da take hakkin ɗan' Adam === Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya === Shari'ar farko da ta bayyana hakki zuwa gaskiya a fikihun kare Haƙƙin dan Adam na ƙasa da kasa shine batun bacewar tilas, ''Quinteros v.'' ''Uruguay'' (1983); Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke hukuncin cewa, a cewar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa, mahaifiyar wanda aka kashe din tana da, <nowiki>''</nowiki>hakkin sanin abin da ya faru da yarta. Ta wannan mahangar, ita ma an cutar da ita ne game da keta alƙawarin da diyarta ta fuskanta musamman, na labarin 7 [ICCPR]." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A ''Saadoun v.'' ''Aljeriya'' (2003), game da mutumin da ya ɓace a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Aljeriya, Kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa rashin yin bincike ya haifar da wani sabon cin zarafin (ICCPR). A wannan halin da ake ciki na take hakki, Algeria ta sanar da yin afuwa ga laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin "bala'in kasa" {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} === Kotun Tsakanin Amurka da 'Yancin Dan Adam === Dokar shari'ar Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka ta 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta karkata zuwa ga ikon cin gashin kansa na gaskiya. Saboda hakkin kimanta gaskiya, kungiyar (IACHR) ta warware yarjeniyoyi da ke ba da afuwa ga masu keta hakkin dan Adam, kamar yadda yake a ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' (2001). {{Sfn|Latino|2018}} A cikin shekarata 1985, shekaru shida kafin Guatemala ta karɓi ikon (IACHR), ɗan jaridar Amurka Nicholas Blake ya ɓace. A cikin ''Blake v.'' ''Guatemala'' (1998), kungiyar IACHR ta yanke shawarar cewa ƙoƙarin Guatemalan na kawo cikas ga binciken danginsa game da gaskiyar ya haifar da cutar rashin mutunci sabanin Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} (IACHR) ta sha maimaita ra'ayinsa cewa: === Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam === Har ila yau akwai dokar shari'ar Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da ta dace da haƙƙin gaskiya. A cikin ''Cyprus v.'' ''Turkiya'' (2001), (ECHR) sun yanke hukunci akan [[Turkiyya|Turkiya]] dangane da batun 'yan [[Cyprus]] 'yan Girka da aka yi musu ganin karshe a hannun sojojin Turkiyya. Tashin hankalin dangin da ke raye sun haifar da "cigaba da take doka ta 3 ta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam (ECHR) game da dangin mutanen Girka-Cyprus da suka ɓace." {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} A cikin ''El-Masri v.'' ''Macedonia'' (2012), (ECtHR) sun tabbatar da cewa Arewacin Macedoniya suna yawan keta Yarjejeniyar ta yadda aka kyale El-Masri ya shiga hannun Amurka yayin ba da mamaki. Kotun ta lura cewa hukumomin Macedonia sun "hana mai neman sanar da shi abin da ya faru, gami da samun sahihin bayani game da wahalhalun da ake zargin ya sha da kuma rawar wadanda ke da alhakin abin da ya faɗa" da kuma boye wannan bayanan daga jama'a gaba daya. A cewar farfesa a fannin shari'a Arianna Vedaschi, "hukuncin da aka yanke a El-Masri ya nuna tunanin kirkire-kirkire na doka da kuma cikakkiyar halayyar kirki ta alkalai game da tabbatar da aiwatar da Haƙƙin gaskiya." A cikin ''Janowiec da Sauransu v.'' ''Rasha'' (2013), kotun ba ta sami cin zarafin taron ba game da binciken da Rasha ta yi game da kisan kiyashin Katyn na 1940, amma wannan hukuncin ya kasance bisa ka'idar rashin sake komowa saboda kisan gillar ya faru ne kafin a tsara (ECHR) Masanin shari'a James A. Sweeney ya soki tsarin (ECTHR) game da batun gaskiya-gaskiya, yana mai cewa: === Dokar ƙasa === Dokar ƙasar Argentina ta amince da haƙƙin gaskiya da adalci, tare da yin ''shari'ar sui generis'' da ake kira ''{{Interlanguage link|juicio por la verdad|es|Juicios por la Verdad}}'' (fitina game da gaskiya) ta cigaba ne bayan mulkin kama-karya na sojan Argentina. === Wuraren da ake iya yi === An ba da shawarar cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya dogaro da Mataki na 5 na Yarjejeniyar kasashen Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a cikin shari'oin gaskiya a gaban Kotun Afirka kan Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Tsarin [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|kotun da ke hukunta manyan laifuka na kasa da kasa]] wanda aka zalunta na iya zama tabbatacce ga hakkin gaskiya da adalci. == Sauran misalai == [[File:Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg|thumb| An binne Talaat Pasha, wanda ya ƙirƙiro da kisan kiyashi a Armenia a 1943 a wurin tunawa da 'yanci, Istanbul a matsayin gwarzo na kasa. ]] A cewar masanin ilimin shari'a Agostina Latino, haƙƙin gaskiyar da ke da nasaba da kisan kare dangin [[Armeniya]] ya zarce waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan Armeniya ga zuriyarsu da kuma Armeniya gaba ɗaya. Latino ta bayyana cewa, a matsayina na magajin gwamnatin Ottoman da ta aikata kisan kare dangi, musanta kisan kare dangi da gwamnatin Turkiya ke yi wa Armeniya ya keta hakkinsu na gaskiya. Misali, akwai wuraren tarihi da tituna da aka lasafta sunayen wadanda suka aikata laifin, amma ba wadanda abin ya shafa ba. Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka da wasu masu nazarin ra'ayin sun ba da shawarar cewa faɗin gaskiya na iya zama wani nau'i na biyan diyya ga waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu game da 'yancin ɗan Adam. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} Yancin gaskiya na da nasaba da yaki da rashin hukuntawa kamar yadda kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a baya shi ne mataki na farko wajen hukunta masu aikata laifi. == Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya == Tun daga shekarar 2010, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ke yin bikin Ranar Duniya don 'Yancin Gaskiya game da Babban take Haƙƙin Dan-Adam da Darajar waɗanda abin ya shafa, ko Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya, a ranar 24 ga Maris, ranar tunawa da kisan babban malamin El Salvador Óscar Arnulfo Romero. * == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4c62qr37a1deipgezu3q7o5efcedk94 915623 915622 2026-09-03T16:26:01Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:%22In_Search_of_the_Truth%22_in_Selma,_AL.png |thumb|Gaskiya ]] [[File:Agrupación_de_Familiares_de_Detenidos_Desaparecidos_de_Chile_(de_Kena_Lorenzini).jpg|thumb| Matan ƙungiyar dangin waɗanda aka tsare sun bace a gaban Fadar La Moneda lokacin mulkin soja na Pinochet, suna neman bayani kan masoyan da aka tilasta batan su .]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin gaskiya''' shi ne hakki, dangane da mummunan take haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|dan adam]], ga wadanda abin ya shafa da danginsu ko al'ummominsu domin samun gaskiyar abinda ya faru. Haƙƙin gaskiya yana da kusanci da shi, to amma ya bambanta da, wajibin jihar na yin bincike da kuma hukunta manyan take Haƙƙin dan Adam.<ref name=Vedaschi>{{cite book |editor1-last=Shetreet |editor1-first=Shimon |title=The Culture of Judicial Independence: Rule of Law and World Peace |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-04-25781-8 |language=en |last1=Vedaschi |first1=Arianna |pages=107–133 |chapter=Globalization of Human Rights and Mutual Influence between Courts: The Innovative Reverse Path of the Right to the Truth|date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Park |first1=Y. Gloria |title=Truth as Justice: Legal and Extralegal Development of the Right to Truth |journal=[[Harvard International Review]] |date=2010 |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=24–27 |jstor=42763345 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42763345 |issn=0739-1854}}</ref> 'Yancin gaskiya wani nau'i ne na haƙƙin waɗanda aka zalunta ya dace musamman da yin canjin yanayi game da cin zarafin ɗan Adam a baya da aka rinka damu. A shekara ta 2006,<ref name=Sweeney>{{cite journal |last1=Sweeney |first1=James A |title=The Elusive Right to Truth in Transitional Human Rights Jurisprudence |journal=International and Comparative Law Quarterly |date=2018 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=353–387 |doi=10.1017/S0020589317000586|doi-access=free }}</ref> Yasmin Naqvi ta kammala da cewa, "haƙƙin gaskiya yana tsaye a wani wuri a ƙofar ƙa'idar doka da kuma kayan magana a wani wuri sama da kyakkyawar hujja kuma a wani wuri a ƙasan ƙa'idar doka." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Naqvi |first1=Yasmin |title=The right to the truth in international law: fact or fiction? |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |date=2006 |volume=88 |issue=862 |pages=245–273 |doi=10.1017/S1816383106000518 |s2cid=144817072 |url=https://international-review.icrc.org/articles/right-truth-international-law-fact-or-fiction |language=en}}</ref> == Asali/Tushe == Tunanin haƙƙin shari'a bisa gaskiya ya bambanta da fahimtar da ta gabata game da muhimmancin kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a cikin batun take haƙƙin ɗan Adam. A cikin shekarar 1977, Yarjejeniyar zuwa Geneva ta sanya haƙƙin dangin mutanen da aka kashe a cikin rikice-rikicen muƙamai domin ganin asalin abinda ya faru. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Wani taro na shekara ta 1993 a Cibiyar Katolika ta Harkokin International kasashen Duniya ya yi magana akan haƙƙin gaskiya. Dama zuwa ga gaskiya da aka gane a duniya taushi dokar kida kamar da ''United Nations Principles'' magance hukunci a shekarar (2005) {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} da kuma babban taron ''MDD (Majilisar dinkin duniya) Resolution'' 60/147, kazalika da shekara ta 2011 na da wani United Nations Mai ba da rahoto na Musamman kan ƙaddamar da Gaskiya, Adalci, Sakawa da Garanti na rashin dawowa. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cikin shekarata 2006, Hukumar Kare Hakkin Bil'Adama ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yanke hukuncin cewa akwai, "yancin da ba za a iya kwacewa ba kuma mai cin gashin kans." na gaskiya. Yarjejeniyar ta ƙasa da ƙasa ta kare dukkan mutane daga Bacewar ta tilasta kuma ta ba wadanda aka tilastawa bacewa damar bincike domin danin yadda bacewar ta kasance to amma ba a amince da ita a duniya ba. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A cewar Patricia Naftali, haƙƙin gaskiya ya kasance babu wuya saboda ra'ayi ne da ke da ma'ana daban-daban (wani lokacin ma yana cin karo da juna), wanda aka girka don tallafawa da'awar da dama na haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam. == Lamura == [[File:Villa_Grimaldi_3.jpg|thumb| Tunawa da shi a Villa Grimaldi tare da sunayen daruruwan mutane ko dai ƴan sanda asirin Chile sun ɓace ko sun kashe a can ƙarƙashin mulkin kama karya na Pinochet .]] Sakamakon ƙararraki a gaban kotunan ƙasa da ƙasa da suka gano jihohi na keta Haƙƙin ɗan Adam, an bukaci jihohi da: {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} # Gudanar da bincike mai inganci kuma a tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin # Bayyana bayanai game da mutanen da suka ɓace # Neman gafara a bainar jama'a tare da amincewa da take Haƙƙin mutane # Buga hukuncin kotu # Rama wadanda abin ya shafa # Sake biyan kuɗin kotu na masu da’awar # Inganta tsaro domin bada damar dawowar ‘yan gudun hijirar # Dauki matakai don hana sake faruwar abin da ya faru # Canja dokokin kasa # Cibiyar ta ɗauki matakan inganta bin ka’idojin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa # Gina abubuwan tunawa don tunawa da take hakkin ɗan' Adam === Kwamitin Kare Haƙƙin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya === Shari'ar farko da ta bayyana hakki zuwa gaskiya a fikihun kare Haƙƙin dan Adam na ƙasa da kasa shine batun bacewar tilas, ''Quinteros v.'' ''Uruguay'' (1983); Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke hukuncin cewa, a cewar Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa, mahaifiyar wanda aka kashe din tana da, <nowiki>''</nowiki>hakkin sanin abin da ya faru da yarta. Ta wannan mahangar, ita ma an cutar da ita ne game da keta alƙawarin da diyarta ta fuskanta musamman, na labarin 7 [ICCPR]." {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} A ''Saadoun v.'' ''Aljeriya'' (2003), game da mutumin da ya ɓace a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Aljeriya, Kwamitin ya yanke shawarar cewa rashin yin bincike ya haifar da wani sabon cin zarafin (ICCPR). A wannan halin da ake ciki na take hakki, Algeria ta sanar da yin afuwa ga laifukan da aka aikata a lokacin "bala'in kasa" {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} === Kotun Tsakanin Amurka da 'Yancin Dan Adam === Dokar shari'ar Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka ta 'Yancin Dan-Adam ta karkata zuwa ga ikon cin gashin kansa na gaskiya. Saboda hakkin kimanta gaskiya, kungiyar (IACHR) ta warware yarjeniyoyi da ke ba da afuwa ga masu keta hakkin dan Adam, kamar yadda yake a ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' ''{{Interlanguage link|Barrios Altos v. Perú|es|Caso Barrios Altos vs. Perú}}'' (2001). {{Sfn|Latino|2018}} A cikin shekarata 1985, shekaru shida kafin Guatemala ta karɓi ikon (IACHR), ɗan jaridar Amurka Nicholas Blake ya ɓace. A cikin ''Blake v.'' ''Guatemala'' (1998), kungiyar IACHR ta yanke shawarar cewa ƙoƙarin Guatemalan na kawo cikas ga binciken danginsa game da gaskiyar ya haifar da cutar rashin mutunci sabanin Yarjejeniyar Amurka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} (IACHR) ta sha maimaita ra'ayinsa cewa: === Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam === Har ila yau akwai dokar shari'ar Kotun Turai ta 'Yancin Dan Adam da ta dace da haƙƙin gaskiya. A cikin ''Cyprus v.'' ''Turkiya'' (2001), (ECHR) sun yanke hukunci akan [[Turkiyya|Turkiya]] dangane da batun 'yan [[Cyprus]] 'yan Girka da aka yi musu ganin karshe a hannun sojojin Turkiyya. Tashin hankalin dangin da ke raye sun haifar da "cigaba da take doka ta 3 ta Yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam (ECHR) game da dangin mutanen Girka-Cyprus da suka ɓace." {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} A cikin ''El-Masri v.'' ''Macedonia'' (2012), (ECtHR) sun tabbatar da cewa Arewacin Macedoniya suna yawan keta Yarjejeniyar ta yadda aka kyale El-Masri ya shiga hannun Amurka yayin ba da mamaki. Kotun ta lura cewa hukumomin Macedonia sun "hana mai neman sanar da shi abin da ya faru, gami da samun sahihin bayani game da wahalhalun da ake zargin ya sha da kuma rawar wadanda ke da alhakin abin da ya faɗa" da kuma boye wannan bayanan daga jama'a gaba daya. A cewar farfesa a fannin shari'a Arianna Vedaschi, "hukuncin da aka yanke a El-Masri ya nuna tunanin kirkire-kirkire na doka da kuma cikakkiyar halayyar kirki ta alkalai game da tabbatar da aiwatar da Haƙƙin gaskiya." A cikin ''Janowiec da Sauransu v.'' ''Rasha'' (2013), kotun ba ta sami cin zarafin taron ba game da binciken da Rasha ta yi game da kisan kiyashin Katyn na 1940, amma wannan hukuncin ya kasance bisa ka'idar rashin sake komowa saboda kisan gillar ya faru ne kafin a tsara (ECHR) Masanin shari'a James A. Sweeney ya soki tsarin (ECTHR) game da batun gaskiya-gaskiya, yana mai cewa: === Dokar ƙasa === Dokar ƙasar Argentina ta amince da haƙƙin gaskiya da adalci, tare da yin ''shari'ar sui generis'' da ake kira ''{{Interlanguage link|juicio por la verdad|es|Juicios por la Verdad}}'' (fitina game da gaskiya) ta cigaba ne bayan mulkin kama-karya na sojan Argentina. === Wuraren da ake iya yi === An ba da shawarar cewa waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya dogaro da Mataki na 5 na Yarjejeniyar kasashen Afirka kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a a cikin shari'oin gaskiya a gaban Kotun Afirka kan Yancin Dan Adam da Jama'a. {{Sfn|Groome|2011}} Tsarin [[Kotun Shari'ar Miyagun Laifuka|kotun da ke hukunta manyan laifuka na kasa da kasa]] wanda aka zalunta na iya zama tabbatacce ga hakkin gaskiya da adalci. == Sauran misalai == [[File:Talaat_Pasha_grave.jpg|thumb| An binne Talaat Pasha, wanda ya ƙirƙiro da kisan kiyashi a Armenia a 1943 a wurin tunawa da 'yanci, Istanbul a matsayin gwarzo na kasa. ]] A cewar masanin ilimin shari'a Agostina Latino, haƙƙin gaskiyar da ke da nasaba da kisan kare dangin [[Armeniya]] ya zarce waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan Armeniya ga zuriyarsu da kuma Armeniya gaba ɗaya. Latino ta bayyana cewa, a matsayina na magajin gwamnatin Ottoman da ta aikata kisan kare dangi, musanta kisan kare dangi da gwamnatin Turkiya ke yi wa Armeniya ya keta hakkinsu na gaskiya. Misali, akwai wuraren tarihi da tituna da aka lasafta sunayen wadanda suka aikata laifin, amma ba wadanda abin ya shafa ba. Kotun Tsakiyar Amurka da wasu masu nazarin ra'ayin sun ba da shawarar cewa faɗin gaskiya na iya zama wani nau'i na biyan diyya ga waɗanda aka ci zarafinsu game da 'yancin ɗan Adam. {{Sfn|Sweeney|2018}} Yancin gaskiya na da nasaba da yaki da rashin hukuntawa kamar yadda kafa gaskiya game da abin da ya faru a baya shi ne mataki na farko wajen hukunta masu aikata laifi. == Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya == Tun daga shekarar 2010, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ke yin bikin Ranar Duniya don 'Yancin Gaskiya game da Babban take Haƙƙin Dan-Adam da Darajar waɗanda abin ya shafa, ko Dama zuwa Ranar Gaskiya, a ranar 24 ga Maris, ranar tunawa da kisan babban malamin El Salvador Óscar Arnulfo Romero. * == Manazarta == {{reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i8q6z95985bvfrjtcdbxky8fzonh7of 0 22405 915612 906017 2026-09-03T16:20:55Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Total relex.JPG|thumb|wajen hutu da shakatawa]] [[Fayil:Cinema left - Ice Rink right - geograph.org.uk - 1019796.jpg|thumb|Yancin hutu da shakatawa]] '''Yan’cin hutu da shakatawa,''' Dama ce ta tattalin arziki, zaman takewar al'umma da al'adu dan samun wadatancen lokaci da aiki da sauran ayyukan al'umma. Yana da nasaba da haƙƙin aiki da ƙungiyoyi na tarihi don iyakance doka a kan lokutan aiki. A yau, haƙƙin hutu an yarda da shi a cikin Sanarwar duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar onasa ta duniya game da' Yancin]] tattalin arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu, yarjejeniya kan ''Hakkokin'' yaro, da kuma a cikin rubuce-rubuce da yawa na yanki kamar yarjejeniyar [[Afirka]] kan haƙƙi da Jin dadin yaron. == Tarihi. == Motsi don hakkin da aka amince da shi dan hutawa da hutu ana kuma iya dawowa zuwa karni na sha tara 19 da motsi na kwana takwas. tun a shekara ta 1856, masanan da ke aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] suka ajiye kayan aikinsu har sai an karbi bukatun rage sa'o'in aiki. Shiri mai zuwa na matsakaicin ranar aiki na awa takwas 8 shine dayan misalai na farko na kariya ta doka game da aiki mai yawa, wanda kuma a yau muka gane a matsayin hakkin hutu da hutu. taken Stonemason na Australiya a cikin shekara na 1856, ya kasance kamar haka: Yayinda kasar Ostiraliya ta kasance daya daga cikin farkon kasashe don jin dadin iyakancewar aiki na duniya baki daya (hakkin da ke cikin hutu), a cikin ƙarni na ashirin 20 sauran kasashe da yawa sun kuma fara zartar da irin waɗannan muka dokokin na iyakance adadin awonnin da mutum zai iya aiki. == Ma'ana. == Tunanin zamani game da 'yancin hutawa da hutu an yarda da shi a cikin labari na ashirin da hudu 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Duniya game da' Yancin Dan-Adam]] wanda ya ce: Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Ƴancin Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ta amince da sashi na III, Mataki na 7: An kuma amince da 'Yancin hutu a cikin doka ta talatin da daya 31 na Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Yaro, da kuma doka ta goma sha biyu 12 ta yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Hakkoki da Jin Dadin Yaron, duka sun amince da ita: [[File:ReLEx SMILE la phuong phap phau thuat an toan - than thien cho benh nhan.jpg|thumb|wasu ma'aikatan da suka dauki Hutu kenan Dan shakatawa]] 'Yancin lokacin hutu ana daukar shi a matsayin dama ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, sabanin na' yan kasa da na siyasa. Hakkin hutu da hutu yana da nasaba da 'yancin yin aiki, wanda aka tanada shi a cikin Mataki na ashirin da ukku 23 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, da kuma sashi na 6.3 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da al'adu. Inda 'yancin yin aiki ya bayar da 'yancin yin aiki, 'yancin hutu da hutu na kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa. Kwamitin tattalin arziki, da Al'adu, da 'Yancin Jama'a bai yi wani bayani ba game da labarin 7 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da Al'adu. Saboda haka, babu wata yarjejeniya ta duniya game da takamaiman wajibai na jihohi dangane da hakkin na hutu da hutu, kuma "ba wani ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da wadannan sharuɗɗan da za a iya dauka ba bisa ka'ida ba". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, jihohi har yanzu suna da nauyi dangane da hakkin hutu da hutu. == Wajibai a kan hakkin hutu da hutu. == Duk da yaren shubce na labarin 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Duniya]], Jihohi suna da wajibai da nauyi dangane da hakkin shakatawa. Kungiyar marubuta da Kwamitin wallafa Tattalin Arziki, da na Al'adu ya wallafa ya nuna cewa dangane da dukkan hakkoki, gami da hakkin hutu da lokacin hutu, Jihohi suna da alhakin girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa. === Girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa === Girmamawa da kiyayewa na daga cikin ka'idojin sune ainihin wajibcin kasa dangane da hakkin tattalin arziki, al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma, gami da hakkin shakatawa: Dangane da ma'anar girmamawa, karewa da cika ƙa'idar da aka zayyana a cikin Kwamitin Rightsancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki, da 'Yancin Al'adu ' babban sharhi mai lamba 14, kuma wajibcin girmamawa yana bukatar Jihohi su guji yin katsalandan kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tare da jin dadin 'yancin hutu Hakkin karewa yana bukatar Jihohi su dauki matakan da ke hana bangare na uku tsoma baki cikin hakkin shakatawa. Akarshe, wajibin cikawa yana bukatar Jihohi suyi amfani da dokokin da suka dace, tsarin mulki, kasafin kudi, shari'a, gabatarwa da sauran matakan tabbatarwa da jin dadin hakkin hutu. [[File:歇心亭 - Relex Pavilion - 2012.04 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cin gajiyar hakkin hutu]] Sabili da haka, dole ne jihohi ba kawai girmamawa da kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa ba, amma dole ne su cika hakki, kuma su tabbatar da cewa mutane na da karfin da za su ci gajiyar hakkinsu na hutu, kuma ba kawai kasancewa cikin rashin aiki da yawa ba. == Sukar. == Hakkin hutu da hutu, kamar yawancin hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu (ESCR), galibi ana daukarsa kasa da mahimmanci ko mahimmanci kamar hakkin jama'a da siyasa . Sanarwa game da hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar al'umma, da al'adu irin su Maurice Cranston da Aryeh Neier, ko William Talbott ''Wane Hakki Ya Kamata Ya Zama Na Duniya'', <ref>William Talbott, Which Rights Should be Universal. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> galibi suna jayayya cewa (ESCR) ba su da wata mahimmanci don mutuncin dan adam, ba su da asali kamar hakkin dan kasa da siyasa, su ma tsada da rashin aiki, kuma cewa wasu yankuna na mutane basu cancanci (ESCR) ba. <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, masana hakkin dan adam suna kara karbar ra'ayi na rashin rarrabuwa kuma suna yarda da cewa duk hakkokin dan adam na asali ne. <ref>Richard McGrath, Janette Young, and Caroline Adams, ‘leisure as a human right special edition introduction,’ Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 20, no. 3, (2017): p. 314.</ref> Masu kare hakkin hutu da hutu suna da'awar cewa yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga jin dadi da zarar an tabbatar da tsaro na asali, kuma wannan hutu "ba bata lokaci ba ne kawai ko rashin aiki ne kawai ba, amma dai, ya zama dole don rayuwar mutunci ". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 334.</ref> Hakkin hutawa da shakatawa dama ce ta dan adam, kuma ana iya tattaunawa game da mahimmancin sa da aiwatarwa. == Duba wasu abubuwan. == == Bayani. ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7346oldljs7azhra5c14okf81x2smpa 915613 915612 2026-09-03T16:21:08Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Total relex.JPG|thumb|wajen hutu da shakatawa]] [[Fayil:Cinema left - Ice Rink right - geograph.org.uk - 1019796.jpg|thumb|Yancin hutu da shakatawa]] '''Yan’cin hutu da shakatawa,''' Dama ce ta tattalin arziki, zaman takewar al'umma da al'adu dan samun wadatancen lokaci da aiki da sauran ayyukan al'umma. Yana da nasaba da haƙƙin aiki da ƙungiyoyi na tarihi don iyakance doka a kan lokutan aiki. A yau, haƙƙin hutu an yarda da shi a cikin Sanarwar duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar onasa ta duniya game da' Yancin]] tattalin arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu, yarjejeniya kan ''Hakkokin'' yaro, da kuma a cikin rubuce-rubuce da yawa na yanki kamar yarjejeniyar [[Afirka]] kan haƙƙi da Jin dadin yaron. == Tarihi. == Motsi don hakkin da aka amince da shi dan hutawa da hutu ana kuma iya dawowa zuwa ƙarni na sha tara 19 da motsi na kwana takwas. tun a shekara ta 1856, masanan da ke aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] suka ajiye kayan aikinsu har sai an karbi bukatun rage sa'o'in aiki. Shiri mai zuwa na matsakaicin ranar aiki na awa takwas 8 shine dayan misalai na farko na kariya ta doka game da aiki mai yawa, wanda kuma a yau muka gane a matsayin hakkin hutu da hutu. taken Stonemason na Australiya a cikin shekara na 1856, ya kasance kamar haka: Yayinda kasar Ostiraliya ta kasance daya daga cikin farkon kasashe don jin dadin iyakancewar aiki na duniya baki daya (hakkin da ke cikin hutu), a cikin ƙarni na ashirin 20 sauran kasashe da yawa sun kuma fara zartar da irin waɗannan muka dokokin na iyakance adadin awonnin da mutum zai iya aiki. == Ma'ana. == Tunanin zamani game da 'yancin hutawa da hutu an yarda da shi a cikin labari na ashirin da hudu 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Duniya game da' Yancin Dan-Adam]] wanda ya ce: Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Ƴancin Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ta amince da sashi na III, Mataki na 7: An kuma amince da 'Yancin hutu a cikin doka ta talatin da daya 31 na Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Yaro, da kuma doka ta goma sha biyu 12 ta yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Hakkoki da Jin Dadin Yaron, duka sun amince da ita: [[File:ReLEx SMILE la phuong phap phau thuat an toan - than thien cho benh nhan.jpg|thumb|wasu ma'aikatan da suka dauki Hutu kenan Dan shakatawa]] 'Yancin lokacin hutu ana daukar shi a matsayin dama ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, sabanin na' yan kasa da na siyasa. Hakkin hutu da hutu yana da nasaba da 'yancin yin aiki, wanda aka tanada shi a cikin Mataki na ashirin da ukku 23 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, da kuma sashi na 6.3 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da al'adu. Inda 'yancin yin aiki ya bayar da 'yancin yin aiki, 'yancin hutu da hutu na kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa. Kwamitin tattalin arziki, da Al'adu, da 'Yancin Jama'a bai yi wani bayani ba game da labarin 7 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da Al'adu. Saboda haka, babu wata yarjejeniya ta duniya game da takamaiman wajibai na jihohi dangane da hakkin na hutu da hutu, kuma "ba wani ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da wadannan sharuɗɗan da za a iya dauka ba bisa ka'ida ba". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, jihohi har yanzu suna da nauyi dangane da hakkin hutu da hutu. == Wajibai a kan hakkin hutu da hutu. == Duk da yaren shubce na labarin 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Duniya]], Jihohi suna da wajibai da nauyi dangane da hakkin shakatawa. Kungiyar marubuta da Kwamitin wallafa Tattalin Arziki, da na Al'adu ya wallafa ya nuna cewa dangane da dukkan hakkoki, gami da hakkin hutu da lokacin hutu, Jihohi suna da alhakin girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa. === Girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa === Girmamawa da kiyayewa na daga cikin ka'idojin sune ainihin wajibcin kasa dangane da hakkin tattalin arziki, al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma, gami da hakkin shakatawa: Dangane da ma'anar girmamawa, karewa da cika ƙa'idar da aka zayyana a cikin Kwamitin Rightsancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki, da 'Yancin Al'adu ' babban sharhi mai lamba 14, kuma wajibcin girmamawa yana bukatar Jihohi su guji yin katsalandan kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tare da jin dadin 'yancin hutu Hakkin karewa yana bukatar Jihohi su dauki matakan da ke hana bangare na uku tsoma baki cikin hakkin shakatawa. Akarshe, wajibin cikawa yana bukatar Jihohi suyi amfani da dokokin da suka dace, tsarin mulki, kasafin kudi, shari'a, gabatarwa da sauran matakan tabbatarwa da jin dadin hakkin hutu. [[File:歇心亭 - Relex Pavilion - 2012.04 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cin gajiyar hakkin hutu]] Sabili da haka, dole ne jihohi ba kawai girmamawa da kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa ba, amma dole ne su cika hakki, kuma su tabbatar da cewa mutane na da karfin da za su ci gajiyar hakkinsu na hutu, kuma ba kawai kasancewa cikin rashin aiki da yawa ba. == Sukar. == Hakkin hutu da hutu, kamar yawancin hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu (ESCR), galibi ana daukarsa kasa da mahimmanci ko mahimmanci kamar hakkin jama'a da siyasa . Sanarwa game da hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar al'umma, da al'adu irin su Maurice Cranston da Aryeh Neier, ko William Talbott ''Wane Hakki Ya Kamata Ya Zama Na Duniya'', <ref>William Talbott, Which Rights Should be Universal. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> galibi suna jayayya cewa (ESCR) ba su da wata mahimmanci don mutuncin dan adam, ba su da asali kamar hakkin dan kasa da siyasa, su ma tsada da rashin aiki, kuma cewa wasu yankuna na mutane basu cancanci (ESCR) ba. <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, masana hakkin dan adam suna kara karbar ra'ayi na rashin rarrabuwa kuma suna yarda da cewa duk hakkokin dan adam na asali ne. <ref>Richard McGrath, Janette Young, and Caroline Adams, ‘leisure as a human right special edition introduction,’ Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 20, no. 3, (2017): p. 314.</ref> Masu kare hakkin hutu da hutu suna da'awar cewa yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga jin dadi da zarar an tabbatar da tsaro na asali, kuma wannan hutu "ba bata lokaci ba ne kawai ko rashin aiki ne kawai ba, amma dai, ya zama dole don rayuwar mutunci ". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 334.</ref> Hakkin hutawa da shakatawa dama ce ta dan adam, kuma ana iya tattaunawa game da mahimmancin sa da aiwatarwa. == Duba wasu abubuwan. == == Bayani. ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h7yyh5i4oe9uosr1a3p52rc98l7tyml 915614 915613 2026-09-03T16:21:27Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Total relex.JPG|thumb|wajen hutu da shakatawa]] [[Fayil:Cinema left - Ice Rink right - geograph.org.uk - 1019796.jpg|thumb|Yancin hutu da shakatawa]] '''Yan’cin hutu da shakatawa,''' Dama ce ta tattalin arziki, zaman takewar al'umma da al'adu dan samun wadatancen lokaci da aiki da sauran ayyukan al'umma. Yana da nasaba da haƙƙin aiki da ƙungiyoyi na tarihi don iyakance doka a kan lokutan aiki. A yau, haƙƙin hutu an yarda da shi a cikin Sanarwar duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar onasa ta duniya game da' Yancin]] tattalin arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu, yarjejeniya kan ''Hakkokin'' yaro, da kuma a cikin rubuce-rubuce da yawa na yanki kamar yarjejeniyar [[Afirka]] kan haƙƙi da Jin dadin yaron. == Tarihi. == Motsi don hakkin da aka amince da shi dan hutawa da hutu ana kuma iya dawowa zuwa ƙarni na sha tara 19 da motsi na kwana takwas. tun a shekara ta 1856, masanan da ke aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] suka ajiye kayan aikinsu har sai an karbi bukatun rage sa'o'in aiki. Shiri mai zuwa na matsakaicin ranar aiki na awa takwas 8 shine dayan misalai na farko na kariya ta doka game da aiki mai yawa, wanda kuma a yau muka gane a matsayin hakkin hutu da hutu. taken Stonemason na Australiya a cikin shekara na 1856, ya kasance kamar haka: Yayinda kasar Ostiraliya ta kasance daya daga cikin farkon kasashe don jin dadin iyakancewar aiki na duniya baki daya (hakkin da ke cikin hutu), a cikin ƙarni na ashirin 20 sauran kasashe da yawa sun kuma fara zartar da irin waɗannan muka dokokin na iyakance adadin awonnin da mutum zai iya aiki. == Ma'ana. == Tunanin zamani game da ƴancin hutawa da hutu an yarda da shi a cikin labari na ashirin da hudu 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Duniya game da' Yancin Dan-Adam]] wanda ya ce: Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Ƴancin Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ta amince da sashi na III, Mataki na 7: An kuma amince da 'Yancin hutu a cikin doka ta talatin da daya 31 na Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Yaro, da kuma doka ta goma sha biyu 12 ta yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Hakkoki da Jin Dadin Yaron, duka sun amince da ita: [[File:ReLEx SMILE la phuong phap phau thuat an toan - than thien cho benh nhan.jpg|thumb|wasu ma'aikatan da suka dauki Hutu kenan Dan shakatawa]] 'Yancin lokacin hutu ana daukar shi a matsayin dama ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, sabanin na' yan kasa da na siyasa. Hakkin hutu da hutu yana da nasaba da 'yancin yin aiki, wanda aka tanada shi a cikin Mataki na ashirin da ukku 23 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, da kuma sashi na 6.3 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da al'adu. Inda 'yancin yin aiki ya bayar da 'yancin yin aiki, 'yancin hutu da hutu na kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa. Kwamitin tattalin arziki, da Al'adu, da 'Yancin Jama'a bai yi wani bayani ba game da labarin 7 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da Al'adu. Saboda haka, babu wata yarjejeniya ta duniya game da takamaiman wajibai na jihohi dangane da hakkin na hutu da hutu, kuma "ba wani ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da wadannan sharuɗɗan da za a iya dauka ba bisa ka'ida ba". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, jihohi har yanzu suna da nauyi dangane da hakkin hutu da hutu. == Wajibai a kan hakkin hutu da hutu. == Duk da yaren shubce na labarin 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Duniya]], Jihohi suna da wajibai da nauyi dangane da hakkin shakatawa. Kungiyar marubuta da Kwamitin wallafa Tattalin Arziki, da na Al'adu ya wallafa ya nuna cewa dangane da dukkan hakkoki, gami da hakkin hutu da lokacin hutu, Jihohi suna da alhakin girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa. === Girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa === Girmamawa da kiyayewa na daga cikin ka'idojin sune ainihin wajibcin kasa dangane da hakkin tattalin arziki, al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma, gami da hakkin shakatawa: Dangane da ma'anar girmamawa, karewa da cika ƙa'idar da aka zayyana a cikin Kwamitin Rightsancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki, da 'Yancin Al'adu ' babban sharhi mai lamba 14, kuma wajibcin girmamawa yana bukatar Jihohi su guji yin katsalandan kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tare da jin dadin 'yancin hutu Hakkin karewa yana bukatar Jihohi su dauki matakan da ke hana bangare na uku tsoma baki cikin hakkin shakatawa. Akarshe, wajibin cikawa yana bukatar Jihohi suyi amfani da dokokin da suka dace, tsarin mulki, kasafin kudi, shari'a, gabatarwa da sauran matakan tabbatarwa da jin dadin hakkin hutu. [[File:歇心亭 - Relex Pavilion - 2012.04 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cin gajiyar hakkin hutu]] Sabili da haka, dole ne jihohi ba kawai girmamawa da kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa ba, amma dole ne su cika hakki, kuma su tabbatar da cewa mutane na da karfin da za su ci gajiyar hakkinsu na hutu, kuma ba kawai kasancewa cikin rashin aiki da yawa ba. == Sukar. == Hakkin hutu da hutu, kamar yawancin hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu (ESCR), galibi ana daukarsa kasa da mahimmanci ko mahimmanci kamar hakkin jama'a da siyasa . Sanarwa game da hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar al'umma, da al'adu irin su Maurice Cranston da Aryeh Neier, ko William Talbott ''Wane Hakki Ya Kamata Ya Zama Na Duniya'', <ref>William Talbott, Which Rights Should be Universal. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> galibi suna jayayya cewa (ESCR) ba su da wata mahimmanci don mutuncin dan adam, ba su da asali kamar hakkin dan kasa da siyasa, su ma tsada da rashin aiki, kuma cewa wasu yankuna na mutane basu cancanci (ESCR) ba. <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, masana hakkin dan adam suna kara karbar ra'ayi na rashin rarrabuwa kuma suna yarda da cewa duk hakkokin dan adam na asali ne. <ref>Richard McGrath, Janette Young, and Caroline Adams, ‘leisure as a human right special edition introduction,’ Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 20, no. 3, (2017): p. 314.</ref> Masu kare hakkin hutu da hutu suna da'awar cewa yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga jin dadi da zarar an tabbatar da tsaro na asali, kuma wannan hutu "ba bata lokaci ba ne kawai ko rashin aiki ne kawai ba, amma dai, ya zama dole don rayuwar mutunci ". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 334.</ref> Hakkin hutawa da shakatawa dama ce ta dan adam, kuma ana iya tattaunawa game da mahimmancin sa da aiwatarwa. == Duba wasu abubuwan. == == Bayani. ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2502ptgye12h497fyhkm3vsii0p6wt3 915615 915614 2026-09-03T16:21:43Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Total relex.JPG|thumb|wajen hutu da shakatawa]] [[Fayil:Cinema left - Ice Rink right - geograph.org.uk - 1019796.jpg|thumb|Yancin hutu da shakatawa]] '''Yan’cin hutu da shakatawa,''' Dama ce ta tattalin arziki, zaman takewar al'umma da al'adu dan samun wadatancen lokaci da aiki da sauran ayyukan al'umma. Yana da nasaba da haƙƙin aiki da ƙungiyoyi na tarihi don iyakance doka a kan lokutan aiki. A yau, haƙƙin hutu an yarda da shi a cikin Sanarwar duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam, [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar onasa ta duniya game da' Yancin]] tattalin arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu, yarjejeniya kan ''Hakkokin'' yaro, da kuma a cikin rubuce-rubuce da yawa na yanki kamar yarjejeniyar [[Afirka]] kan haƙƙi da Jin dadin yaron. == Tarihi. == Motsi don hakkin da aka amince da shi dan hutawa da hutu ana kuma iya dawowa zuwa ƙarni na sha tara 19 da motsi na kwana takwas. tun a shekara ta 1856, masanan da ke aiki a Jami'ar Melbourne a [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]] suka ajiye kayan aikinsu har sai an karbi bukatun rage sa'o'in aiki. Shiri mai zuwa na matsakaicin ranar aiki na awa takwas 8 shine dayan misalai na farko na kariya ta doka game da aiki mai yawa, wanda kuma a yau muka gane a matsayin hakkin hutu da hutu. taken Stonemason na Australiya a cikin shekara na 1856, ya kasance kamar haka: Yayinda kasar Ostiraliya ta kasance daya daga cikin farkon kasashe don jin dadin iyakancewar aiki na duniya baki daya (hakkin da ke cikin hutu), a cikin ƙarni na ashirin 20 sauran kasashe da yawa sun kuma fara zartar da irin waɗannan muka dokokin na iyakance adadin awonnin da mutum zai iya aiki. == Ma'ana. == Tunanin zamani game da ƴancin hutawa da hutu an yarda da shi a cikin labari na ashirin da hudu 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Duniya game da' Yancin Dan-Adam]] wanda ya ce: Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Ƴancin Tattalin Arziƙi, Zamantakewa da Al'adu ta amince da sashi na III, Mataki na 7: An kuma amince da Ƴancin hutu a cikin doka ta talatin da daya 31 na Yarjejeniyar kan Hakkokin Yaro, da kuma doka ta goma sha biyu 12 ta yarjejeniyar Afirka kan Hakkoki da Jin Dadin Yaron, duka sun amince da ita: [[File:ReLEx SMILE la phuong phap phau thuat an toan - than thien cho benh nhan.jpg|thumb|wasu ma'aikatan da suka dauki Hutu kenan Dan shakatawa]] 'Yancin lokacin hutu ana daukar shi a matsayin dama ta tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu, sabanin na' yan kasa da na siyasa. Hakkin hutu da hutu yana da nasaba da 'yancin yin aiki, wanda aka tanada shi a cikin Mataki na ashirin da ukku 23 na Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam ta Duniya, da kuma sashi na 6.3 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da al'adu. Inda 'yancin yin aiki ya bayar da 'yancin yin aiki, 'yancin hutu da hutu na kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa. Kwamitin tattalin arziki, da Al'adu, da 'Yancin Jama'a bai yi wani bayani ba game da labarin 7 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin tattalin arziki, Zamantakewa, da Al'adu. Saboda haka, babu wata yarjejeniya ta duniya game da takamaiman wajibai na jihohi dangane da hakkin na hutu da hutu, kuma "ba wani ra'ayi na yau da kullun game da wadannan sharuɗɗan da za a iya dauka ba bisa ka'ida ba". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, jihohi har yanzu suna da nauyi dangane da hakkin hutu da hutu. == Wajibai a kan hakkin hutu da hutu. == Duk da yaren shubce na labarin 24 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar Kare Hakkin Dan-Adam na Duniya]], Jihohi suna da wajibai da nauyi dangane da hakkin shakatawa. Kungiyar marubuta da Kwamitin wallafa Tattalin Arziki, da na Al'adu ya wallafa ya nuna cewa dangane da dukkan hakkoki, gami da hakkin hutu da lokacin hutu, Jihohi suna da alhakin girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa. === Girmamawa, kiyayewa da cikawa === Girmamawa da kiyayewa na daga cikin ka'idojin sune ainihin wajibcin kasa dangane da hakkin tattalin arziki, al'adu da zamantakewar al'umma, gami da hakkin shakatawa: Dangane da ma'anar girmamawa, karewa da cika ƙa'idar da aka zayyana a cikin Kwamitin Rightsancin Tattalin Arziki, Tattalin Arziki, da 'Yancin Al'adu ' babban sharhi mai lamba 14, kuma wajibcin girmamawa yana bukatar Jihohi su guji yin katsalandan kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tare da jin dadin 'yancin hutu Hakkin karewa yana bukatar Jihohi su dauki matakan da ke hana bangare na uku tsoma baki cikin hakkin shakatawa. Akarshe, wajibin cikawa yana bukatar Jihohi suyi amfani da dokokin da suka dace, tsarin mulki, kasafin kudi, shari'a, gabatarwa da sauran matakan tabbatarwa da jin dadin hakkin hutu. [[File:歇心亭 - Relex Pavilion - 2012.04 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Cin gajiyar hakkin hutu]] Sabili da haka, dole ne jihohi ba kawai girmamawa da kare mutane daga aiki mai yawa ba, amma dole ne su cika hakki, kuma su tabbatar da cewa mutane na da karfin da za su ci gajiyar hakkinsu na hutu, kuma ba kawai kasancewa cikin rashin aiki da yawa ba. == Sukar. == Hakkin hutu da hutu, kamar yawancin hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al'adu (ESCR), galibi ana daukarsa kasa da mahimmanci ko mahimmanci kamar hakkin jama'a da siyasa . Sanarwa game da hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewar al'umma, da al'adu irin su Maurice Cranston da Aryeh Neier, ko William Talbott ''Wane Hakki Ya Kamata Ya Zama Na Duniya'', <ref>William Talbott, Which Rights Should be Universal. Oxford. Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> galibi suna jayayya cewa (ESCR) ba su da wata mahimmanci don mutuncin dan adam, ba su da asali kamar hakkin dan kasa da siyasa, su ma tsada da rashin aiki, kuma cewa wasu yankuna na mutane basu cancanci (ESCR) ba. <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 331.</ref> Koyaya, masana hakkin dan adam suna kara karbar ra'ayi na rashin rarrabuwa kuma suna yarda da cewa duk hakkokin dan adam na asali ne. <ref>Richard McGrath, Janette Young, and Caroline Adams, ‘leisure as a human right special edition introduction,’ Annals of Leisure Research, vol. 20, no. 3, (2017): p. 314.</ref> Masu kare hakkin hutu da hutu suna da'awar cewa yana da mahimmancin mahimmanci ga jin dadi da zarar an tabbatar da tsaro na asali, kuma wannan hutu "ba bata lokaci ba ne kawai ko rashin aiki ne kawai ba, amma dai, ya zama dole don rayuwar mutunci ". <ref>David Richards and Benjamin Carbonetti, “Worth what we decide: a defense of the right to Leisure,” International Journal of Human Rights, vo. 17, no. 3, (2013): 334.</ref> Hakkin hutawa da shakatawa dama ce ta dan adam, kuma ana iya tattaunawa game da mahimmancin sa da aiwatarwa. == Duba wasu abubuwan. == == Bayani. ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bvqkg7pdc74oxjjv7tpuzpstn0z1b8m 0 24385 915933 516130 2026-09-04T03:45:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bikin Adaakoya''' biki ne na girbi na shekara -shekara wanda sarakuna da mutanen Gurunsis ke yi a Bolgatanga da Zuarungu a Yankin Gabashin Gana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goldstar Air {{!}} Tour Packages Upper East Region|url=https://flygoldstar.com/tour-packages-uppereast-region.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=flygoldstar.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yawancin lokuta ana yin bikin tsakanin watannin Janairu da Fabrairu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Republic of Ghana Embassy Berlin Germany|url=http://h2829516.stratoserver.net/tourism/index.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=h2829516.stratoserver.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Upper East Region - ghanagrio.com|url=https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|access-date=2020-08-21|website=ghananation.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112323/https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Bukukuwa == Yayin bikin, akwai durbar sarakuna da mutanen su. Ana miƙa hadayu ga alloli. Har ila yau, akwai kaɗe -kaɗe da raye -raye.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival {{!}} The Embassy of the Republic of Ghana, Berlin, Germany|url=https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074601/https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Ana yin biki don yin godiya ga alloli don girbi mai kyau.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Editor|date=2016-02-24|title=Upper West Region|url=https://touringghana.com/upper-west-region/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=touringghana.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == g4vwn067dtq8u1ybxztbjoo6fnpnt27 0 27388 915468 891062 2026-09-03T13:07:32Z Amadee619 37975 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347064978|A Promising Africa]]" 915468 wikitext text/x-wiki A Promising Africa fim ne na 2014 wanda [[Zuriel Oduwole]] ya samar da kansa. == Tarihi == An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku. A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa. == Bayanan da aka ambata == kxjkz3q745fu2fgywavvcb8apkoq1qi 915470 915468 2026-09-03T13:08:17Z Amadee619 37975 915470 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A Promising Africa fim ne na 2014 wanda [[Zuriel Oduwole]] ya samar da kansa. == Tarihi == An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku. A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa. == Bayanan da aka ambata == aan75wgspc2vwqbngssvsjjhxhkxxuv 915471 915470 2026-09-03T13:08:41Z Amadee619 37975 915471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A Promising Africa fim ne na 2014 wanda [[Zuriel Oduwole]] ya samar da kansa. == Tarihi == An sake shi a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014 a gidan fina-finai na fim a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], an nuna jerin shirye-shiryen A Promising Africa a kasashe biyar a cikin shekaru uku. A Promising Africa ya sanya Oduwole ƙaramin mai yin fim a duniya don fitar da fim ɗin da ya samar da kansa. == Manazarta == 7xfzb3x8nfjc7y2io57v2kgb5xunj5o 0 27433 915584 887819 2026-09-03T16:02:48Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Cast" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347133905|The White Handkerchief]]" 915584 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> By kaddi The White Handkerchief wani ɗan gajeren fim ne na Najeriya na 1998 wanda [[Tunde Kelani]] ya samar kuma ya ba da umarni tare da Yemi Komolafe, [[Yemi Shodimu]], da [[Khabirat Kafidipe]] ,An daidaita fim din daga The Virgin, littafi na farko na [[Bayo Adebowale]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Continual Re-enchantment: Tunde Kelani's Village Films and the Spectres of Early African Cinema |url=http://framescinemajournal.com/article/continual-re-enchantment-tunde-kelanis-village-films-and-the-spectres-of-early-african-cinema/ |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=framescinemajournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Best of Nigeria's literary adaptations into movies |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/entertainment/item/14063-best-of-nigeria-s-literary-adaptations-into-movies/14063-best-of-nigeria-s-literary-adaptations-into-movies |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=tribune.com.ng}}</ref> == Takaitaccen Bayani == Fim din ya ba da labarin wata yarinya yarinya mai suna Awero, wacce [[Sola Asedeko]] ta taka, wacce ta rasa budurcinta sakamakon fyade kafin ta sadu da abin ƙaunarta ta, yarinta,mai suna Odejimi, wanda ta yanke shawarar aure. Dole ne Odejimi ya yi amfani da fararen takalma don tabbatar da jinin budurwa na Awero a daren bikin aurensu kamar yadda al'ada ta buƙaci. Odejimi ya yi takaici lokacin da ba a samar da jini ba, kuma wannan ya haifar da yaki tsakanin mazauna kauyen Awero da Odejimi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White Handkerchief |url=http://www.africanfilmny.org/2012/white-handkerchief/ |access-date=5 April 2015 |website=African Film Festival Inc.}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Sola Asedeko]] * [[Idowu Philips]] * [[Khabirat Kafidipe]] * [[Yemi Shodimu]] a matsayin Odejimi * [[Akinwunmi Isola]] * [[Yemi Komolafe|Yemi Akomolafe]] a matsayin Awero * Yinka Akanbi a matsayin Lapade * Kemi Akanni a matsayin kawun Odejimi * Abiodun Aleja a matsayin Dauda * Moji Bamtefa a matsayin Uwar Awero * Lai Karounwi a matsayin Uba na Awero == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Dr == 'Yan wasa == * [[Sola Asedeko]] * [[Idowu Philips]] * [[Khabirat Kafidipe]] * [[Yemi Shodimu]] as Odejimi * [[Akinwunmi Isola]] * [[Yemi Komolafe|Yemi Akomolafe]] a matsayin Awero * Yinka Akanbi a matsayin Lapade * Kemi Akanni a matsayin Goggon Odejimi * Abiodun Aleja as Dauda * Moji Bamtefa a matsayin Mahaifiyar Awero * Lai Karounwi a matsayin Uban Awero jgr0qd7ow3xtgu9a8d8dja82tmo3wja 0 28179 915716 911006 2026-09-03T18:53:39Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372400576|Charles Inojie]]" 915716 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. A shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1pupc8s6yj2tx49wi1dpdksgi139yim 915717 915716 2026-09-03T18:54:51Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. A shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6tb8kkrxx1hiu2ok1qfwnme24vro1j8 915718 915717 2026-09-03T18:56:15Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. A shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mm89rwxxo7y2jgwyp38xhamxh5iz90o 915719 915718 2026-09-03T18:56:59Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt a 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 267u11mdcslbmkk1tu71whojgl9a8b5 915720 915719 2026-09-03T18:58:10Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 73p5r2qwtzy50uoy80yhbc1izv4pto8 915721 915720 2026-09-03T18:59:21Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin a 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekara ta 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t0ir1cef29ugsuwy3vtmt1be2181wdl 915722 915721 2026-09-03T18:59:59Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin acikin 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekara ta 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1e2ahhnsp7els5wb0yfapywpkqqx4g8 915723 915722 2026-09-03T19:01:05Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin acikin shekara ta 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekara ta 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] isblvuitd5kbv3xjd7b13yjqq3alxqn 915724 915723 2026-09-03T19:01:44Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin acikin shekara ta 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekara ta 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin shekara ta 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. A watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qitu6tg34mixhl5p3jadvlrbn1zpc4j 916010 915724 2026-09-04T09:00:32Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 916010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Inojie''' (listenⓘ) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]] kuma furodusa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2017-09-20 |title=People don't take me serious - Comic actor, Charles Inojie {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/243662-people-dont-take-serious-comic-actor-charles-inojie.html |access-date=2022-03-14 |language=en-GB}}</ref> An san shi da rawar da yake takawa. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Charles ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta.<ref name=":0" /> Ya girma tare da kakarsa, kuma da wuya ya tuna da mahaifiyarsa saboda tun yana ƙarami an tura shi zuwa wani wuri na ƙasa don manufar kiyaye tsohuwar kakarsa. Charles Inojie, sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darektan fim, da kuma furodusa, ya fito ne daga dangin sarauta. An yi amfani da shekarunsa na farko a ƙarƙashin kulawar kakarsa, inda ya samar da alaƙa da ta tsara abubuwan da ya samu na farko. Ya rabu da mahaifiyarsa tun yana ƙarami, Charles ya sami ta'aziyya a cikin abokantaka tare da kakarsa mai tsufa, yanke shawara da za ta yi tasiri sosai ga yadda ya girma.<ref name="famoustoday.com.ng">{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=Charles Inojie Biography: Age, Wife, Children & Net Worth - Famous Today |url=https://famoustoday.com.ng/charles-inojie-biography/ |access-date=2025-05-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da burin zama lauya, hanyar Charles ta ɗauki canji daban bayan ta halarci wurin shakatawa na marubucin Bode Osoyin. A lokacin wannan gogewa ce mai canzawa ya yanke shawarar bin takardar shaidar a cikin zane-zane. Acikin shekara ta 1993, ya sami nasarar cimma wannan burin, ya kafa tushe ga makomar sa a duniyar nishaɗi. Daga baya, Charles ya kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekarar 1999, yana ƙarfafa jajircewarsa ga sana'ar wasan kwaikwayo. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, sai ya shiga kungiyoyi daban-daban na wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo a garinsu kuma ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga baya ya yanke shawarar samun ƙarin ilimi a fagen wasan kwaikwayo sannan ya shiga cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekara guda a Bode Osoyin's Writers Resort, inda ya sami takardar shaidar Dramatic Arts bayan kammala shirin acikin shekara ta 1993. <ref name="famoustoday.com.ng" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Port Harcourt acikin shekara ta 1999, <ref>{{Cite web |title=People believe I’m not educated though I’ve a first degree – Charles Inojie, comedian |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/lifestyle/43218/people-believe-im-not-educated-though-ive-a-first-degree-.html |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> ya koma Jihar Legas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-07-19 |title=People don't know I'm educated due to my comic roles — Charles Inojie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/people-dont-know-im-educated-due-to-my-comic-roles-charles-inojie/ |access-date=2026-06-19 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya zama mataimakin darektan kamfanin samar da [[Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen]]. A cikin shekara ta 2016, mambobi daga Screen Writers Guild of Nigeria (SWGN) sun nada Inojie a matsayin shugaban kungiyar kwadago. Acikin watan Fabrairun 2024, Inojie ya ba da sanarwar kammala wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na Afirka Magic The ''Johnsons'' bayan shekaru 13 a cikin iska, a hukumance yana nuna ƙarshen matsayinsa a matsayin jagora, Lucky Johnson . Inojie ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyu. == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == === Fim din === * ''[[The Royal Hibiscus Hotel|Otal din Royal Hibiscus]] (2017) a matsayin Chef'' * ''Abincin dare (2016) a matsayin mai tsaron filin jirgin sama'' * ''Broken Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * ''Shattered Soul (2015) a matsayin Chijioke'' * Mista Potosky (2014) a matsayin Potosky * Native Fowl (2014) a matsayin Ebuka * ''Open & Close (2011) a matsayin Agu'' * ''Miji Ƙafaina (2008) a matsayin Victor'' * ''Miji Ƙafa II (2009) '' * ''Binciken Bincike (2007) a matsayin Bitrus'' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki II (2007) '' * ''Mutum Mai Tsarki III (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji (2007) '' * ''Ina Bukatar Miji II (2007) '' * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Fiye da zafi (2006) '' * ''Fiye da Heat II (2006) '' * ''Mai cinyewa (2006) '' * ''Wolves (2006) a matsayin Wesley'' * ''Wolves II (2006) '' * ''Mai ɗaukar 'yan sanda (2003) '' * ''[[Issakaba]] (2001) '' * ''Ma'aikaciyar Kamfanin (2008) a matsayin Dombra'' * ''Jirgin sama Crash (2008) a matsayin Edwin'' * ''Love Wahala (2014) a matsayin Rufus'' * ''Babbar da ta fi zafi a cikin gari'' * ''The In-laws (2017) a matsayin Donald'' * ''Mutumin Talakawa Mai Tsoro'' * ''Masu Hustlers na Nollywood'' * ''Mista Ibu Dance Skelewu'' * ''Oga Madam'' * ''Gidan Rikici'' * ''Masu caca'' * ''Daga Farfesa'' * ''Uwargidan da ba ta da bege''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHARLES INOJIE |url=http://www.edoworld.net/CHARLES_INOJIE.html |access-date=2017-02-04 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> * [[Nneka the Pretty Serpent (2020 film)|''Nneka Macijin Kyakkyawan'']] (2020) a matsayin Mai Gida'' (2020) a matsayin mai mallakar gida'' * ''Deep Cover (2020) a matsayin Shugaban 'yan sanda'' * ''[[Badamasi]] (2021) a matsayin Barrister Clement Akpamgo'' * ''[[My Village People|Mutanen ƙauyenmu]] na (2021) a matsayin Uncle Jakpa'' * ''[[Aki and Pawpaw|Aki da Pawpaw]] (2021) a matsayin Mazi Uche'' * ''Gbege (2022) '' * ''City Hustlers (2022) '' * ''The Order of Things (2022) a matsayin Pato'' * ''[[The Trade (fim ɗin 2023)|Kasuwanci]] (2023) a matsayin Jami'in Amadi'' * ''Daddy (2023) '' * ''Sabinus Mutumin Mafi Kyau (2023) a matsayin Fasto Willy'' * ''[[Adam Bol]] (2024) '' * ''Aburo (2024) '' * ''God-Dafi (2024) a matsayin mahaifin Jabari'' === Shirye-shiryen talabijin === * [[The Johnsons (Nigerian TV series)|Johnsons]] a matsayin Lucky Johnson . Jerin da ya yi amfani da baka mai daraja bayan shekaru 13 na bikin [https://punchng.com/charles-inojie-announces-end-of-the-johnsons-family-show-after-13-years/] * Slum King (2023) == Kyauta da Nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2023 |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor A cikin Wasan kwaikwayo na Comedy, Movie ko TV Series |''City Hustler''|{{Nom}} | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2118220}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2mkpw3v9mn274hd1ia3u6k4si89jylm 3 28200 915963 892659 2026-09-04T08:21:26Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2026 Newsletter */ sabon sashe 915963 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini Mohammed Inusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini Mohammed Inusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 24 Disamba 2021 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15) * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15) '''Resources''' * New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine & Biota] (SDG 15) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13) * [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24307628 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14) * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3) * Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14) * Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3) * Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 & 13) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14) * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14) * [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 & 14) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity & inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 & 10) '''Resources''' * [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3) '''Videos''' * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16) </div> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 16:25, 1 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24426147 --> == Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]] Greetings Organisers, We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]] Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so. Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns. Thanks and Regards, Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team --[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[User talk:Tiven2240|talk]]) 17:22, 5 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16<!-- insert related SDGs here -->.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all) * [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest "Environmental sustainability and climate crisis" topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all) * Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13) * Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on "Tools for Finding the Right Articles" and "Building Article List with Petscan"]] (SDG 10 & 13) * Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 & 13) '''News''' * [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2) '''Resources''' * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3) '''Research''' * [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7) '''Wikidata query examples''' * [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11) '''Featured articles''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15) File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15) File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15) File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15) File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15) File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15) File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15) File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15) File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Maris, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24647320 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 & 13) * Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13) * Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10) * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15) * [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism & Folklore] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5) * [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3) * [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15) * [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15) * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15) Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15) Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15) Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15) Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15) Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15) Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15) Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15) Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15) Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15) Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15) Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15) Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15) Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15) Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15) Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15) Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15) Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15) Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15) Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15) Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15) Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15) Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15) Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 07:42, 1 ga Afirilu, 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24816279 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> '''Meetings''' * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all) * Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all) '''Activities''' * Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15) * Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5) * Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5) '''News''' * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 & SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6) * [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 & SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13) * [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) '''Research''' * [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15) '''New Wikidata properties''' * [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4) * [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51] * [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11) * [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4) '''Featured content''' * English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15) </div> <gallery mode=packed caption="Featured images"> Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15) Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15) Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15) Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15) White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15) Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2) Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula & Canna indica (SDG 15) Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15) Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15) Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15) Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15) Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15) Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15) Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15) Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15) Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38] Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39] California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40] Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15) Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15) White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43] Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15) Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15) Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15) </gallery> This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:31, 2 Mayu 2023 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=24969562 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help. Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:47, 10 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023&oldid=25134473 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikimedian, We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor. As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023. Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity. Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia. With warm regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:37, 25 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf2023p&oldid=25345565 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024. '''Highlights of 2023:''' ;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year. ;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead. ;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale. ;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem. ;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future. '''Acknowledging Challenges:''' While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed. '''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:''' As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community. Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future. Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year! Warm regards, [[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]] PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 17:23, 1 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=25817439 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]]. * Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you. ; Other news * New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]] * Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:22, 2 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26169519 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]]) * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]] ; Other news * Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14) * Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) * Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 10:40, 9 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26331508 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]] ; Other news * [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13) * On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia. * WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: "[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]" (SDG 13) * WikiForHumanRights organized a session: "[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]" ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 & 15) * [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May. (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:17, 1 Mayu 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26428292 --> == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June * [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]] * [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]]) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023] * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 & 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 & 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 13:18, 1 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=26852366 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC) * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July * User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]] * The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15) * [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13) * [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3) * [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13) * WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16) ; Events * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 09:27, 1 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27039469 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]] * Next user group meeting will be 18 August ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch] (SDG 10&16) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13) ; Events * 5th August, [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024 Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13) * 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] * 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13) ; Participate * Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 18:57, 1 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27042528 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]]. * User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]]) ; Other news * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 & 16) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15) * Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now ; Events * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 06:24, 2 Satumba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27262444 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]] ; Other news * [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube]) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13) ; Events * Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Oktoba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27437535 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC ; Other news * Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15) ; Events * November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change & Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 20:01, 1 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27587619 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]]) * We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on. ; Other news * [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]] * [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&12) * The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17) ; Events * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13) * Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 19:29, 1 Disamba 2024 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27830533 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]]) * We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]! ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&15) * [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&15 * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 08:04, 2 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=27983472 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]] * User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]). * The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]]. * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15) * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11) ; Events * 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate & Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:05, 4 ga Faburairu, 2025 (UTC)</bdi> • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28153013 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]). ; Other news * [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3) * [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13) * A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13) ; Events * 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8) * 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16) * 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:51, 1 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15) * [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13) * [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15) * A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17) * A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17) ; Events * [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:28, 1 ga Afirilu, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May == Dear El-hussain14, Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities! This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''. Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your continued dedication and support! For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&5) ; Events * May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 07:22, 11 Mayu 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28259111 --> == Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD == Dear El-hussain14, This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD. Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible: * Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]''' * Add a brief summary of your local event under the "Results" column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]''' Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration. If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team. Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work! ''Warm regards,''<br/> '''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&oldid=28651179 --> == Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 == Dear El-hussain14 Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms. To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you. * '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here] * '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025 It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future. Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns! Warm regards,<br/> ''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 Mayu 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&oldid=28751574 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]] ; Other news * Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop: ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page] (SDG 5) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10) ** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 & 16) * [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3) ; Events * 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:37, 12 ga Yuni, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28771610 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]] ; Other news * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15) * [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR] (SDG 3) ; Events * 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5) * 2 & 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:06, 1 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * 6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]]) * We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested. ; Other news * To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|"Sustainable Development Wikiproject" was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 & 13) * [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15) ; Events * 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]]. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 09:27, 2 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=28881683 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]] ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15) * [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:24, 1 Satumba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]]) ; Other news * The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called "[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]" focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025] This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 20:46, 1 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29165157 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online] * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4) * The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&diff=58499099&oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13) ; Events * 6 November–3 December: [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5) * 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10) * 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 16:47, 3 Nuwamba, 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29554723 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]] * As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out: ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] *** Help by identifying which videos need translation ** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]] *** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics <br/> ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15) * [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13) * [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13) ; Events * [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:39, 1 Disamba 2025 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29620767 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> <!--Add content here --> ; User group news * User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]]) ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&13) * [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 21:24, 4 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29844481 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published. * [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February. * The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help. ; Other news * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 14:22, 4 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted! ; Other news * [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them. * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15) * [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 & 13) ; Events * March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5) * [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16) * [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &17) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:13, 2 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=29928029 --> == Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 == We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''. === About the General Assembly === The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to: * Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work. * Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem. * Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input. === How to participate === Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you. * '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]''' [[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]] Looking forward to your participation, Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) ''<small>You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]</small>'' (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30182212 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; User group news * There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it. ; Other news * [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15) * [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 11:26, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30155800 --> == Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 == [[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]] The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''. The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals: * '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic * '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&A) * '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics) * '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on: * Potential impact and expected outcomes * Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission. '''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]''' For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com <!-- Message sent by User:~~~~~ on behalf of the Language Diversity Hub --> (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30405990 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/04/15/from-lens-to-knowledge-citizen-science-through-wiki-loves-butterfly/|From Lens to Knowledge: Citizen Science through Wiki Loves Butterfly]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Wikidata type specimen data model]] (SDG 15) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|Edit-a-thon "Women Botanists" and “Plants Around Us: Veles” workshop]] (SDG 5 & 15) ; Events * Ongoing: [[w:en:Wikipedia:100 Days 100 Edits|100 Days 100 Edits]] (SDG 13) * Ongoing: [[m:Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026|Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026]] (SDG 2, 6 & 7) * May 9-10: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Projekt naturgeografi/Fotosafari: Fåglar i Skåne 2026|Bird photography trip]] in south Sweden (SDG 15) * May 30: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Biologisk mångfald|Editathon about biodiversity]] in Stockholm (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 12:47, 6 Mayu 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30472224 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 2, 6, 7, 13 and 15.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/05/19/wikimedia-projects-and-the-climate-crisis-how-wiki-for-sustainable-futures-2026-is-being-built/|Wikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being BuiltWikimedia Projects and the Climate Crisis: How Wiki for Sustainable Futures 2026 Is Being Built]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7 & 13) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/05/21/earth-day-every-day-preserving-biodiversity-on-wikipedia/ Earth Day, Every Day: Preserving Biodiversity on Wikipedia] (SDG 15) *[[diffblog:ar/2026/05/29/%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-2026-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a9/|Launch of the Arabic Environmental Contest 2026: an ambitious initiative to enrich environmental content]] (SDG 2 & 6 & 7) * [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/From_the_field_to_the_free_web From the field to the free web] (SDG 15) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 17:47, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30606764 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5 and 10.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; In the news * [[diffblog:2026/06/08/reading-wikipedia-in-the-classroom-in-wa-ghana-empowering-educators-with-media-and-information-literacy-skills/|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom in Wa, Ghana: Empowering Educators with Media and Information Literacy Skills]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/12/amplifying-womens-stories-and-indigenous-knowledge-feminism-and-folklore-2026-in-the-igbo-community/|Amplifying Women’s Stories and Indigenous Knowledge: Feminism and Folklore 2026 in the Igbo Community]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/13/artfeminism-network-organizers-at-eseap-conference-2026/|Art+Feminism Network Organizers at ESEAP Conference 2026]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/14/a-reflection-on-what-i-learned-at-my-first-international-womens-day-celebration/|A Reflection on What I Learned at My First International Women’s Day Celebration]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/from-mentee-to-builder-my-six-months-in-the-eduwiki-hub-mentorship-program/|From Mentee to Builder: My Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/16/building-skills-and-confidence-during-my-three-month-journey-through-the-on-wiki-skill-program-organized-by-africa-wiki-women/|Building Skills and Confidence During My Three-Month Journey Through the On Wiki Skill Program Organized by Africa Wiki Women]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/why-the-eduwiki-starter-kit-matters-for-the-future-of-education/|Why the EduWiki Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] (SDG 4) * [[diffblog:2026/06/17/empowering-new-editors-to-bridge-the-gender-gap-my-experience-as-a-mentor-in-the-edither-africa-april-2026-contest/|Empowering New Editors to Bridge the Gender Gap: My Experience as a Mentor in the EditHer Africa April 2026 Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/18/visible-women-edit-a-thon-piloting-a-collaborative-approach-to-free-knowledge-in-hong-kong/|Visible Women Edit-a-thon: Piloting a Collaborative Approach to Free Knowledge in Hong Kong]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/guiding-new-voices-training-women-in-wikidata-during-the-april-edither-africa-contest/|Guiding New Voices: Training Women in Wikidata during the April EditHer Africa Contest]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/06/23/wikimedia-community-usergroup-botswana-in-collaboration-with-art-and-feminism-on-wikidata-mobile-training-2026/|Wikimedia Community Usergroup Botswana in collaboration with Art and Feminism on Wikidata Mobile Training 2026]] (SDG 5) ; Events * 10-18 July: [[m:Event:Wikiwomen Camp 2026|Wikiwomen Camp 2026]] (SDG 5) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 14.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) * 21-25 July: Wikimania is coming up and there are plenty of sessions related to sustainable development. There is now a dedicated page for those sessions at [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions]]. * 23 July: [[m:Event:From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements|From Constitution to Community — Documenting Queer Rights Movements]] (SDG 10) * 14 July [[w:de:Veranstaltung:Queers & Frauen 28.07.2026|Queers & Frauen]] (SDG 5 & 10) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 19:20, 3 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30633243 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 6, 15 and 16.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/07/04/photowalk-at-the-purbachal-reserve-forest/|Photowalk at the Purbachal Reserve Forest]] (SDG 15) * [[diffblog:2026/07/13/welcoming-women-into-wikimedia-tech-a-guide-based-on-lived-experiences/|Welcoming Women+ into Wikimedia Tech: A Guide Based on Lived Experiences]] (SDG 5) * [[diffblog:2026/07/14/empowering-youth-through-knowledge-wikipedia-for-freedom-of-elections-in-armenia/|Empowering Youth Through Knowledge: “Wikipedia for Freedom of Elections” in Armenia]] (SDG 16) * [[diffblog:2026/07/19/water-for-life-knowledge-for-all-how-wikiverse-botswana-is-showcasing-africas-water-story-through-the-africa-wiki-challenge-2026/|Water for Life, Knowledge for All: How WikiVerse Botswana is Showcasing Africa’s Water Story Through the Africa Wiki Challenge 2026]] (SDG 6) * Wikimania: There were so many sessions and posters related to the SDGs, they can't all be listed here. But on [[wikimania:2026:Program/SDG related sessions|this Wikimania page]] you can find them all and the session pages have links to the recordings. This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 08:56, 4 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC)• [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30853204 --> == Language Diversity Hub evaluation survey: your input needed! == The Wikimedia Foundation is evaluating hub pilots to understand their work, outcomes, and future direction. As part of this, we're gathering feedback on how hub services and activities have contributed to concrete, measurable outcomes. You're receiving this because you're part of the Language Diversity Hub audience group, and we'd value your perspective. Your feedback will help inform the evaluation and strengthen our understanding of the Hub's impact. The survey takes about 10–15 minutes, and we kindly ask that you respond by '''10 August 2026.''' '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_6KXVndZhZvlSoUS Survey Link]''' The Foundation is not collecting personal data through this survey. Responses will be reviewed and consolidated by audience group — analyzed collectively rather than attributed to individuals. Thank you for contributing. Your feedback helps ensure this evaluation reflects the perspectives of communities, affiliates, and others connected to the Hub. Questions? Contact strategy2030@wikimedia.org. Sincerely, Oscar on behalf of the [[Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub]], 21:22, 7 ga Augusta, 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:User:El-hussain14]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Oscar .@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/LDH&oldid=30514061 --> == Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2026 Newsletter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is our fifty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 4, 10, 11, 13 and 14.<div style="column-count:2; column-width: 400px;"> ; News * [[diffblog:2026/08/12/wiki-loves-fish-bringing-coastal-biodiversity-to-the-world-through-open-knowledge/|Wiki Loves Fish: Bringing Coastal Biodiversity to the World Through Open Knowledge]] (SDG 14) * [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2026/08/19/making-rare-disease-knowledge-a-little-more-common-on-wikipedia/ Making rare disease knowledge a little more common on Wikipedia] (SDG 3) * [[diffblog:2026/08/26/the-pre-conference-on-information-integrity-in-climate-change-at-wikimania/|The Pre-Conference on Information Integrity in Climate Change at Wikimania]] (SDG 13) * [[diffblog:2026/08/29/beyond-wikipedia-a-technical-workshop-introducing-moroccan-teachers-to-wikidata-and-the-wikimedia-technical-ecosystem/|Beyond Wikipedia: A Technical Workshop Introducing Moroccan Teachers to Wikidata and the Wikimedia Technical Ecosystem]] (SDG&nbsp;4) * [[diffblog:2026/08/29/wiki-for-human-rights-nigeria-write-for-rights-and-july-virtual-session/|Wiki for Human Rights Nigeria: Write for Rights and July Virtual Session]] (SDG 10) ; Events * Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2026|Wiki Loves Monuments]] (SDG 11) This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]])</bdi> 08:21, 4 Satumba 2026 (UTC) • [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]] </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Ainali@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development_newsletter&oldid=30910094 --> r8jvsuhqe2e1z0icgavxoa5bofx1uh4 0 29738 915616 718678 2026-09-03T16:23:20Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:FFRF%27s_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg |thumb| FFRF's Bill of Rights Nativity]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Report_2016_cover_image.png |thumb| Freedom of Thought Report 2016 cover image.]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Ben_Franklin.jpg|thumb|200x200px| "Idan ba tare da ƴancin tunani ba, ba za a iya zama kamar hikima ba, kuma babu wani abu kamar ƴancin jama'a ba tare da ƴancin yin magana ba", Benjamin Franklin, 1722]] [[File:Maria Shriver speaking about the California Alzheimer's Task Force.ogv|thumb|hoton wata tana fadin albarkacin baki]] '''Ƴancin tunani''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''ƴancin ra'ayi'''): shine 'yancin mutum ko mutane wajen amincewa ko kuma yarda da wata ra'ayi, hujja, ko kuma [[tunani]], nasa na kansa ba tare da ra'ayoyin wasu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Main|first=T. F.|date=1967-06-01|title=Knowledge, Learning and Freedom from Thought|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/00048676709159167|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=64–71|doi=10.3109/00048676709159167|s2cid=144126437|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> == Bayani. == Kowane mutum na ƙoƙarin samun ƙwarewar fahimta ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi, ƙa'idoji da tantance su dangane da muhallin sa. Wannan ƙwarewar fahimta yana ba da jin daɗi kuma yana maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauƙi ga kishin mutum, sabon ilimi da tunani kuma suna kawo sa rai a na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swaine|first=Lucas|date=2016-11-09|title=Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty|journal=Political Theory|language=en-US|volume=46|issue=3|pages=405–425|doi=10.1177/0090591716676293|s2cid=151827391|issn=0090-5917}}</ref> Ƴancin ra'ayi shine mafari kuma magabanci - don haka yana da alaƙa da - wasu ƴanci, game da 'yancin addini, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da 'yancin nuna ra'ayi. Ko da yake 'yancin ra'ayi tsayayye ne dangane da sauran 'yanci da yawa, ba a buƙatar su ta wata hanya don aiki da wanzuwar su. Ka'idar 'yanci ko hakki baya bada damar haɗa shi, halalcinsa, ko kariya ta hanyar faɗakarwa ta falsafa. Haƙƙi ne mai matukar muhimmanci a yammacin duniya kuma kusan dukkanin kundin tsarin mulkin damokuradiyya suna kare wadannan haƙƙoƙi. Misali, Kudirin Haƙƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sanannen dama a cikin Gyara na farko da akayi mai cewa ba za a sanya dokokin da zasu katsalandan ga addini "ko haramta 'yanci ba." Alkalin Kotun Kolin Amurka Benjamin Cardozo ya yi bayani a ''Palko v.'' ''Connecticut'' (1937) cewa: '''Yancin ra'ayii shine mafi inganci daga mutane kuma hakki ne wanda ba'a iya kauce masa kuma wani muhimmin sashi ne na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Ba tare da wani gyaran fuska ba, alamomin da zasu tabbatar da gaskiyan wannan bayani na nan kunshe cikin tarihinmu, tsarin mulkinmu da kuma shari'ar mu''.<ref>''[[Palko v. State of Connecticut]]'', 302 U.S. 319(1937).</ref> An lissafo 'Yancin tunani a a karkashin Mataki na 18; a wajen [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya]] (UDHR), wacce ta ke daure bisa ka'ida kan kasashe membobi na yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da siyasa (ICCPR) cewa: Kowani mutum yana da 'yancin yin tunani da fadin ra'ayoyinsa da yin addininsa daya hada da 'yancin canja addini yayi hakan shi kadai ko acikin mutane da 'yancin bayyana addininsa da karantarwarsa da bayyana ibadarsa. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya ce wannan, “yana bambanta ‘yancin tunani, addini ko imani da ’yancin bayyana addini ko imani." Ba ya ƙyale kowane iyaka ko mene ne kan yancin tunani da lamiri ko kan ƴancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani na zaɓin da mutum ya zaɓa. Ana kiyaye waɗannan 'yanci ba tare da wani sharadi ba."<ref>"General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) : . 30/07/93. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)". ''United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database''. [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 1993-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</ref> Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na UDHR ya ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowanne mutum yana da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa, wannan hakkin ya hada da 'yancin rike ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba." == Tarihin ci gaba da danniya. == Yana da wuyan gaske a tabbatar da abinda wani mutum yake tunani, hakan na sanya danniya mawuyaci. An bunƙasa manufar a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Bulus na Tarsus (misali, “Mai yasa ra'ayin wani zai rika takure nawa ra'ayin [ ''sunaideseos'' ]?” 1 Korinthiyawa 10:29). <ref>Eugene J. Cooper, "Man's Basic Freedom and Freedom of Conscience in the Bible : Reflections on 1 Corinthians 8–10", ''Irish Theological Quarterly'' Dec 1975</ref> [[File:GiordanoBrunoCampodeiFiori_cropped.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton Bronze na Giordano Bruno a [[Rum|Rome]]]] Duk da cewa masana falsafa na Girka [[Plato]] da Socrates sun tattauna 'Yancin Tunani a takaice, har wayau dokokin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 BC) an kiran dokar na farko da 'Yancin ra'ayi ko tunani.<ref>Luzzatti, Luigi (February 2006). ''Luigi Luzzatti, "The First Decree on Freedom of Conscience" p. 47 in'' God in Freedom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1596054486|<bdi>978-1596054486</bdi>]]. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</ref> A cikin al'adar Turawa, baya ga dokar yarda da addini ta Constantine I a Milan a shekara ta 313, masana falsafa Themistus, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masana tauhidi Roger Williams, da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan magoya bayan ra'ayin 'Yancin Tunani (ko 'yanci na ruhi a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams). <ref>Luzzatti, p. 91.</ref> [[Elizabeth I|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta I]] ta soke dokar tauye tunani a ƙarshen karni na goma sha shida, domin, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta son bada wata kafa a cikin rayukan maza da tunaninsu na sirri.<ref>Brimacombe, Peter (2000). ''All the Queen's Men: The World of Elizabeth I''. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0312232519|<bdi>0312232519</bdi>]].</ref> A lokacin mulkinta, masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi, falaki, kuma masanin ilimin taurari "Giordano Bruno" ya sami mafaka a Ingila daga dokar yanke haddi na Italiya, inda ya buga littattafansa da yawa game da sararin samaniya da dama har ma da darussan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan ya fita daga kariyar Ingila, an ƙone a raye Bruno a Roma a matsayin wanda ya kafurce don ya ƙi yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsa. Don haka ne wasu ke ganin shi a matsayin shahidi na 'yancin tunani ko ra'ayi.<ref>Arturo Labriola, ''Giordano Bruno: Martyrs of free thought no. 1''</ref> Ignaz von Döllinger ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin “mutum na farko daga cikin shahararrun mutanen duniya da suka kafa ƙa’idar addini guda ɗaya ta musamman, kuma ya tilasta ta har zuw aiya rayuwar sa: . . . Ka’idar ‘yancin kai da qin tilastawa acikin addini.” <ref>A.D. Lindsay: ''The Essentials of Democracy'' (2 ed.), 1948.</ref> Haka zaika, ana iya iyakance [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ta hanyar watsi da ra'ayi, tsare mutum, ko kona littattafai, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana hana 'yancin ra'ayi. Misalai masu tasiri na yakar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki su ne yunkurin Soviet na binciken kwayoyin halitta don goyon bayan ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, wani gangami na kona littafi da mutanen Nazi na Jamus suka yi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi a [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]] a karkashin Pol Pot, iyakacin iyaka akan 'yancin furuci da gwamnatocin gurguzu na [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] da Cuba ko kuma na kama-karya irin na Augusto Pinochet na [[Chile]] da Francisco Franco a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] suka kafa. Hasashen Sapir-Whorf, wanda ya bayyana cewa [[tunani]] yana cikin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], zai goyi bayan da'awar cewa ƙoƙari na iyakance amfani da kalmomin harshe shine ainihin nau'i na ƙuntata 'yancin tunani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}}An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na ''1984'', tare da ra'ayin nau'i na [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi da aka]] yi wanda ake zargi da rashin ikon kwatanta iyakance bayyana ra'ayoyin asali. Haɓaka fasahohin neuroimaging na kwanan nan sun kara tayar da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyin da za su iya karantawa da kuma tauye tunani. Ko da yake batun yana da rikitarwa dangane da lamarin jiki da zuciya, waɗannan damuwowin sun zama sashin bincike da ke tasowa na neuroethics da neuroprivacy. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] jcssb0qag77zpouzws2l2ywxxboomeu 915617 915616 2026-09-03T16:23:51Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:FFRF%27s_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg |thumb| FFRF's Bill of Rights Nativity]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Report_2016_cover_image.png |thumb| Freedom of Thought Report 2016 cover image.]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Ben_Franklin.jpg|thumb|200x200px| "Idan ba tare da ƴancin tunani ba, ba za a iya zama kamar hikima ba, kuma babu wani abu kamar ƴancin jama'a ba tare da ƴancin yin magana ba", Benjamin Franklin, 1722]] [[File:Maria Shriver speaking about the California Alzheimer's Task Force.ogv|thumb|hoton wata tana fadin albarkacin baki]] '''Ƴancin tunani''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''ƴancin ra'ayi'''): shine 'yancin mutum ko mutane wajen amincewa ko kuma yarda da wata ra'ayi, hujja, ko kuma [[tunani]], nasa na kansa ba tare da ra'ayoyin wasu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Main|first=T. F.|date=1967-06-01|title=Knowledge, Learning and Freedom from Thought|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/00048676709159167|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=64–71|doi=10.3109/00048676709159167|s2cid=144126437|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> == Bayani. == Kowane mutum na ƙoƙarin samun ƙwarewar fahimta ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi, ƙa'idoji da tantance su dangane da muhallin sa. Wannan ƙwarewar fahimta yana ba da jin daɗi kuma yana maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauƙi ga kishin mutum, sabon ilimi da tunani kuma suna kawo sa rai a na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swaine|first=Lucas|date=2016-11-09|title=Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty|journal=Political Theory|language=en-US|volume=46|issue=3|pages=405–425|doi=10.1177/0090591716676293|s2cid=151827391|issn=0090-5917}}</ref> Ƴancin ra'ayi shine mafari kuma magabanci - don haka yana da alaƙa da - wasu ƴanci, game da ƴancin addini, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da yancin nuna ra'ayi. Ko da yake 'yancin ra'ayi tsayayye ne dangane da sauran 'yanci da yawa, ba a buƙatar su ta wata hanya don aiki da wanzuwar su. Ka'idar 'yanci ko hakki baya bada damar haɗa shi, halalcinsa, ko kariya ta hanyar faɗakarwa ta falsafa. Haƙƙi ne mai matukar muhimmanci a yammacin duniya kuma kusan dukkanin kundin tsarin mulkin damokuradiyya suna kare wadannan haƙƙoƙi. Misali, Kudirin Haƙƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sanannen dama a cikin Gyara na farko da akayi mai cewa ba za a sanya dokokin da zasu katsalandan ga addini "ko haramta 'yanci ba." Alkalin Kotun Kolin Amurka Benjamin Cardozo ya yi bayani a ''Palko v.'' ''Connecticut'' (1937) cewa: '''Yancin ra'ayii shine mafi inganci daga mutane kuma hakki ne wanda ba'a iya kauce masa kuma wani muhimmin sashi ne na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Ba tare da wani gyaran fuska ba, alamomin da zasu tabbatar da gaskiyan wannan bayani na nan kunshe cikin tarihinmu, tsarin mulkinmu da kuma shari'ar mu''.<ref>''[[Palko v. State of Connecticut]]'', 302 U.S. 319(1937).</ref> An lissafo 'Yancin tunani a a karkashin Mataki na 18; a wajen [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya]] (UDHR), wacce ta ke daure bisa ka'ida kan kasashe membobi na yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da siyasa (ICCPR) cewa: Kowani mutum yana da 'yancin yin tunani da fadin ra'ayoyinsa da yin addininsa daya hada da 'yancin canja addini yayi hakan shi kadai ko acikin mutane da 'yancin bayyana addininsa da karantarwarsa da bayyana ibadarsa. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya ce wannan, “yana bambanta ‘yancin tunani, addini ko imani da ’yancin bayyana addini ko imani." Ba ya ƙyale kowane iyaka ko mene ne kan yancin tunani da lamiri ko kan ƴancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani na zaɓin da mutum ya zaɓa. Ana kiyaye waɗannan 'yanci ba tare da wani sharadi ba."<ref>"General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) : . 30/07/93. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)". ''United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database''. [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 1993-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</ref> Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na UDHR ya ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowanne mutum yana da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa, wannan hakkin ya hada da 'yancin rike ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba." == Tarihin ci gaba da danniya. == Yana da wuyan gaske a tabbatar da abinda wani mutum yake tunani, hakan na sanya danniya mawuyaci. An bunƙasa manufar a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Bulus na Tarsus (misali, “Mai yasa ra'ayin wani zai rika takure nawa ra'ayin [ ''sunaideseos'' ]?” 1 Korinthiyawa 10:29). <ref>Eugene J. Cooper, "Man's Basic Freedom and Freedom of Conscience in the Bible : Reflections on 1 Corinthians 8–10", ''Irish Theological Quarterly'' Dec 1975</ref> [[File:GiordanoBrunoCampodeiFiori_cropped.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton Bronze na Giordano Bruno a [[Rum|Rome]]]] Duk da cewa masana falsafa na Girka [[Plato]] da Socrates sun tattauna 'Yancin Tunani a takaice, har wayau dokokin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 BC) an kiran dokar na farko da 'Yancin ra'ayi ko tunani.<ref>Luzzatti, Luigi (February 2006). ''Luigi Luzzatti, "The First Decree on Freedom of Conscience" p. 47 in'' God in Freedom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1596054486|<bdi>978-1596054486</bdi>]]. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</ref> A cikin al'adar Turawa, baya ga dokar yarda da addini ta Constantine I a Milan a shekara ta 313, masana falsafa Themistus, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masana tauhidi Roger Williams, da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan magoya bayan ra'ayin 'Yancin Tunani (ko 'yanci na ruhi a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams). <ref>Luzzatti, p. 91.</ref> [[Elizabeth I|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta I]] ta soke dokar tauye tunani a ƙarshen karni na goma sha shida, domin, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta son bada wata kafa a cikin rayukan maza da tunaninsu na sirri.<ref>Brimacombe, Peter (2000). ''All the Queen's Men: The World of Elizabeth I''. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0312232519|<bdi>0312232519</bdi>]].</ref> A lokacin mulkinta, masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi, falaki, kuma masanin ilimin taurari "Giordano Bruno" ya sami mafaka a Ingila daga dokar yanke haddi na Italiya, inda ya buga littattafansa da yawa game da sararin samaniya da dama har ma da darussan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan ya fita daga kariyar Ingila, an ƙone a raye Bruno a Roma a matsayin wanda ya kafurce don ya ƙi yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsa. Don haka ne wasu ke ganin shi a matsayin shahidi na 'yancin tunani ko ra'ayi.<ref>Arturo Labriola, ''Giordano Bruno: Martyrs of free thought no. 1''</ref> Ignaz von Döllinger ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin “mutum na farko daga cikin shahararrun mutanen duniya da suka kafa ƙa’idar addini guda ɗaya ta musamman, kuma ya tilasta ta har zuw aiya rayuwar sa: . . . Ka’idar ‘yancin kai da qin tilastawa acikin addini.” <ref>A.D. Lindsay: ''The Essentials of Democracy'' (2 ed.), 1948.</ref> Haka zaika, ana iya iyakance [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ta hanyar watsi da ra'ayi, tsare mutum, ko kona littattafai, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana hana 'yancin ra'ayi. Misalai masu tasiri na yakar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki su ne yunkurin Soviet na binciken kwayoyin halitta don goyon bayan ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, wani gangami na kona littafi da mutanen Nazi na Jamus suka yi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi a [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]] a karkashin Pol Pot, iyakacin iyaka akan 'yancin furuci da gwamnatocin gurguzu na [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] da Cuba ko kuma na kama-karya irin na Augusto Pinochet na [[Chile]] da Francisco Franco a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] suka kafa. Hasashen Sapir-Whorf, wanda ya bayyana cewa [[tunani]] yana cikin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], zai goyi bayan da'awar cewa ƙoƙari na iyakance amfani da kalmomin harshe shine ainihin nau'i na ƙuntata 'yancin tunani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}}An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na ''1984'', tare da ra'ayin nau'i na [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi da aka]] yi wanda ake zargi da rashin ikon kwatanta iyakance bayyana ra'ayoyin asali. Haɓaka fasahohin neuroimaging na kwanan nan sun kara tayar da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyin da za su iya karantawa da kuma tauye tunani. Ko da yake batun yana da rikitarwa dangane da lamarin jiki da zuciya, waɗannan damuwowin sun zama sashin bincike da ke tasowa na neuroethics da neuroprivacy. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] ok88l3b4opa1mhzr7frirsua1quhv35 915618 915617 2026-09-03T16:24:07Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:FFRF%27s_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg |thumb| FFRF's Bill of Rights Nativity]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Report_2016_cover_image.png |thumb| Freedom of Thought Report 2016 cover image.]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Ben_Franklin.jpg|thumb|200x200px| "Idan ba tare da ƴancin tunani ba, ba za a iya zama kamar hikima ba, kuma babu wani abu kamar ƴancin jama'a ba tare da ƴancin yin magana ba", Benjamin Franklin, 1722]] [[File:Maria Shriver speaking about the California Alzheimer's Task Force.ogv|thumb|hoton wata tana fadin albarkacin baki]] '''Ƴancin tunani''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''ƴancin ra'ayi'''): shine 'yancin mutum ko mutane wajen amincewa ko kuma yarda da wata ra'ayi, hujja, ko kuma [[tunani]], nasa na kansa ba tare da ra'ayoyin wasu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Main|first=T. F.|date=1967-06-01|title=Knowledge, Learning and Freedom from Thought|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/00048676709159167|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=64–71|doi=10.3109/00048676709159167|s2cid=144126437|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> == Bayani. == Kowane mutum na ƙoƙarin samun ƙwarewar fahimta ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi, ƙa'idoji da tantance su dangane da muhallin sa. Wannan ƙwarewar fahimta yana ba da jin daɗi kuma yana maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauƙi ga kishin mutum, sabon ilimi da tunani kuma suna kawo sa rai a na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swaine|first=Lucas|date=2016-11-09|title=Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty|journal=Political Theory|language=en-US|volume=46|issue=3|pages=405–425|doi=10.1177/0090591716676293|s2cid=151827391|issn=0090-5917}}</ref> Ƴancin ra'ayi shine mafari kuma magabanci - don haka yana da alaƙa da - wasu ƴanci, game da ƴancin addini, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da yancin nuna ra'ayi. Ko da yake 'yancin ra'ayi tsayayye ne dangane da sauran 'yanci da yawa, ba a buƙatar su ta wata hanya don aiki da wanzuwar su. Ka'idar 'yanci ko hakki baya bada damar haɗa shi, halalcinsa, ko kariya ta hanyar faɗakarwa ta falsafa. Haƙƙi ne mai matukar muhimmanci a yammacin duniya kuma kusan dukkanin kundin tsarin mulkin damokuradiyya suna kare wadannan haƙƙoƙi. Misali, Kudirin Haƙƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sanannen dama a cikin Gyara na farko da akayi mai cewa ba za a sanya dokokin da zasu katsalandan ga addini "ko haramta 'yanci ba." Alkalin Kotun Kolin Amurka Benjamin Cardozo ya yi bayani a ''Palko v.'' ''Connecticut'' (1937) cewa: '''Yancin ra'ayii shine mafi inganci daga mutane kuma haƙƙi ne wanda ba'a iya kauce masa kuma wani muhimmin sashi ne na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Ba tare da wani gyaran fuska ba, alamomin da zasu tabbatar da gaskiyan wannan bayani na nan kunshe cikin tarihinmu, tsarin mulkinmu da kuma shari'ar mu''.<ref>''[[Palko v. State of Connecticut]]'', 302 U.S. 319(1937).</ref> An lissafo 'Yancin tunani a a karkashin Mataki na 18; a wajen [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya]] (UDHR), wacce ta ke daure bisa ka'ida kan kasashe membobi na yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa kan 'yancin jama'a da siyasa (ICCPR) cewa: Kowani mutum yana da 'yancin yin tunani da fadin ra'ayoyinsa da yin addininsa daya hada da 'yancin canja addini yayi hakan shi kadai ko acikin mutane da 'yancin bayyana addininsa da karantarwarsa da bayyana ibadarsa. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya ce wannan, “yana bambanta ‘yancin tunani, addini ko imani da ’yancin bayyana addini ko imani." Ba ya ƙyale kowane iyaka ko mene ne kan yancin tunani da lamiri ko kan ƴancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani na zaɓin da mutum ya zaɓa. Ana kiyaye waɗannan 'yanci ba tare da wani sharadi ba."<ref>"General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) : . 30/07/93. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)". ''United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database''. [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 1993-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</ref> Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na UDHR ya ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowanne mutum yana da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa, wannan hakkin ya hada da 'yancin rike ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba." == Tarihin ci gaba da danniya. == Yana da wuyan gaske a tabbatar da abinda wani mutum yake tunani, hakan na sanya danniya mawuyaci. An bunƙasa manufar a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Bulus na Tarsus (misali, “Mai yasa ra'ayin wani zai rika takure nawa ra'ayin [ ''sunaideseos'' ]?” 1 Korinthiyawa 10:29). <ref>Eugene J. Cooper, "Man's Basic Freedom and Freedom of Conscience in the Bible : Reflections on 1 Corinthians 8–10", ''Irish Theological Quarterly'' Dec 1975</ref> [[File:GiordanoBrunoCampodeiFiori_cropped.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton Bronze na Giordano Bruno a [[Rum|Rome]]]] Duk da cewa masana falsafa na Girka [[Plato]] da Socrates sun tattauna 'Yancin Tunani a takaice, har wayau dokokin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 BC) an kiran dokar na farko da 'Yancin ra'ayi ko tunani.<ref>Luzzatti, Luigi (February 2006). ''Luigi Luzzatti, "The First Decree on Freedom of Conscience" p. 47 in'' God in Freedom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1596054486|<bdi>978-1596054486</bdi>]]. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</ref> A cikin al'adar Turawa, baya ga dokar yarda da addini ta Constantine I a Milan a shekara ta 313, masana falsafa Themistus, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masana tauhidi Roger Williams, da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan magoya bayan ra'ayin 'Yancin Tunani (ko 'yanci na ruhi a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams). <ref>Luzzatti, p. 91.</ref> [[Elizabeth I|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta I]] ta soke dokar tauye tunani a ƙarshen karni na goma sha shida, domin, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta son bada wata kafa a cikin rayukan maza da tunaninsu na sirri.<ref>Brimacombe, Peter (2000). ''All the Queen's Men: The World of Elizabeth I''. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0312232519|<bdi>0312232519</bdi>]].</ref> A lokacin mulkinta, masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi, falaki, kuma masanin ilimin taurari "Giordano Bruno" ya sami mafaka a Ingila daga dokar yanke haddi na Italiya, inda ya buga littattafansa da yawa game da sararin samaniya da dama har ma da darussan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan ya fita daga kariyar Ingila, an ƙone a raye Bruno a Roma a matsayin wanda ya kafurce don ya ƙi yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsa. Don haka ne wasu ke ganin shi a matsayin shahidi na 'yancin tunani ko ra'ayi.<ref>Arturo Labriola, ''Giordano Bruno: Martyrs of free thought no. 1''</ref> Ignaz von Döllinger ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin “mutum na farko daga cikin shahararrun mutanen duniya da suka kafa ƙa’idar addini guda ɗaya ta musamman, kuma ya tilasta ta har zuw aiya rayuwar sa: . . . Ka’idar ‘yancin kai da qin tilastawa acikin addini.” <ref>A.D. Lindsay: ''The Essentials of Democracy'' (2 ed.), 1948.</ref> Haka zaika, ana iya iyakance [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ta hanyar watsi da ra'ayi, tsare mutum, ko kona littattafai, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana hana 'yancin ra'ayi. Misalai masu tasiri na yakar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki su ne yunkurin Soviet na binciken kwayoyin halitta don goyon bayan ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, wani gangami na kona littafi da mutanen Nazi na Jamus suka yi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi a [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]] a karkashin Pol Pot, iyakacin iyaka akan 'yancin furuci da gwamnatocin gurguzu na [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] da Cuba ko kuma na kama-karya irin na Augusto Pinochet na [[Chile]] da Francisco Franco a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] suka kafa. Hasashen Sapir-Whorf, wanda ya bayyana cewa [[tunani]] yana cikin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], zai goyi bayan da'awar cewa ƙoƙari na iyakance amfani da kalmomin harshe shine ainihin nau'i na ƙuntata 'yancin tunani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}}An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na ''1984'', tare da ra'ayin nau'i na [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi da aka]] yi wanda ake zargi da rashin ikon kwatanta iyakance bayyana ra'ayoyin asali. Haɓaka fasahohin neuroimaging na kwanan nan sun kara tayar da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyin da za su iya karantawa da kuma tauye tunani. Ko da yake batun yana da rikitarwa dangane da lamarin jiki da zuciya, waɗannan damuwowin sun zama sashin bincike da ke tasowa na neuroethics da neuroprivacy. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] 0sg8icflvszehbxhginjvz3x8bgy286 915619 915618 2026-09-03T16:24:31Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:FFRF%27s_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg |thumb| FFRF's Bill of Rights Nativity]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Report_2016_cover_image.png |thumb| Freedom of Thought Report 2016 cover image.]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Ben_Franklin.jpg|thumb|200x200px| "Idan ba tare da ƴancin tunani ba, ba za a iya zama kamar hikima ba, kuma babu wani abu kamar ƴancin jama'a ba tare da ƴancin yin magana ba", Benjamin Franklin, 1722]] [[File:Maria Shriver speaking about the California Alzheimer's Task Force.ogv|thumb|hoton wata tana fadin albarkacin baki]] '''Ƴancin tunani''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''ƴancin ra'ayi'''): shine 'yancin mutum ko mutane wajen amincewa ko kuma yarda da wata ra'ayi, hujja, ko kuma [[tunani]], nasa na kansa ba tare da ra'ayoyin wasu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Main|first=T. F.|date=1967-06-01|title=Knowledge, Learning and Freedom from Thought|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/00048676709159167|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=64–71|doi=10.3109/00048676709159167|s2cid=144126437|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> == Bayani. == Kowane mutum na ƙoƙarin samun ƙwarewar fahimta ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi, ƙa'idoji da tantance su dangane da muhallin sa. Wannan ƙwarewar fahimta yana ba da jin daɗi kuma yana maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauƙi ga kishin mutum, sabon ilimi da tunani kuma suna kawo sa rai a na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swaine|first=Lucas|date=2016-11-09|title=Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty|journal=Political Theory|language=en-US|volume=46|issue=3|pages=405–425|doi=10.1177/0090591716676293|s2cid=151827391|issn=0090-5917}}</ref> Ƴancin ra'ayi shine mafari kuma magabanci - don haka yana da alaƙa da - wasu ƴanci, game da ƴancin addini, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da yancin nuna ra'ayi. Ko da yake 'yancin ra'ayi tsayayye ne dangane da sauran 'yanci da yawa, ba a buƙatar su ta wata hanya don aiki da wanzuwar su. Ka'idar 'yanci ko hakki baya bada damar haɗa shi, halalcinsa, ko kariya ta hanyar faɗakarwa ta falsafa. Haƙƙi ne mai matukar muhimmanci a yammacin duniya kuma kusan dukkanin kundin tsarin mulkin damokuradiyya suna kare wadannan haƙƙoƙi. Misali, Kudirin Haƙƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sanannen dama a cikin Gyara na farko da akayi mai cewa ba za a sanya dokokin da zasu katsalandan ga addini "ko haramta 'yanci ba." Alkalin Kotun Kolin Amurka Benjamin Cardozo ya yi bayani a ''Palko v.'' ''Connecticut'' (1937) cewa: '''Yancin ra'ayii shine mafi inganci daga mutane kuma haƙƙi ne wanda ba'a iya kauce masa kuma wani muhimmin sashi ne na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Ba tare da wani gyaran fuska ba, alamomin da zasu tabbatar da gaskiyan wannan bayani na nan kunshe cikin tarihinmu, tsarin mulkinmu da kuma shari'ar mu''.<ref>''[[Palko v. State of Connecticut]]'', 302 U.S. 319(1937).</ref> An lissafo Ƴancin tunani a a karkashin Mataki na 18; a wajen [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya]] (UDHR), wacce ta ke daure bisa ka'ida kan kasashe membobi na yarjejeniyar kasa da ƙasa kan ƴancin jama'a da siyasa (ICCPR) cewa: Kowani mutum yana da 'yancin yin tunani da fadin ra'ayoyinsa da yin addininsa daya hada da 'yancin canja addini yayi hakan shi kadai ko acikin mutane da 'yancin bayyana addininsa da karantarwarsa da bayyana ibadarsa. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya ce wannan, “yana bambanta ‘yancin tunani, addini ko imani da ’yancin bayyana addini ko imani." Ba ya ƙyale kowane iyaka ko mene ne kan yancin tunani da lamiri ko kan ƴancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani na zaɓin da mutum ya zaɓa. Ana kiyaye waɗannan 'yanci ba tare da wani sharadi ba."<ref>"General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) : . 30/07/93. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)". ''United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database''. [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 1993-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</ref> Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na UDHR ya ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowanne mutum yana da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa, wannan hakkin ya hada da 'yancin rike ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba." == Tarihin ci gaba da danniya. == Yana da wuyan gaske a tabbatar da abinda wani mutum yake tunani, hakan na sanya danniya mawuyaci. An bunƙasa manufar a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Bulus na Tarsus (misali, “Mai yasa ra'ayin wani zai rika takure nawa ra'ayin [ ''sunaideseos'' ]?” 1 Korinthiyawa 10:29). <ref>Eugene J. Cooper, "Man's Basic Freedom and Freedom of Conscience in the Bible : Reflections on 1 Corinthians 8–10", ''Irish Theological Quarterly'' Dec 1975</ref> [[File:GiordanoBrunoCampodeiFiori_cropped.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton Bronze na Giordano Bruno a [[Rum|Rome]]]] Duk da cewa masana falsafa na Girka [[Plato]] da Socrates sun tattauna 'Yancin Tunani a takaice, har wayau dokokin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 BC) an kiran dokar na farko da 'Yancin ra'ayi ko tunani.<ref>Luzzatti, Luigi (February 2006). ''Luigi Luzzatti, "The First Decree on Freedom of Conscience" p. 47 in'' God in Freedom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1596054486|<bdi>978-1596054486</bdi>]]. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</ref> A cikin al'adar Turawa, baya ga dokar yarda da addini ta Constantine I a Milan a shekara ta 313, masana falsafa Themistus, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masana tauhidi Roger Williams, da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan magoya bayan ra'ayin 'Yancin Tunani (ko 'yanci na ruhi a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams). <ref>Luzzatti, p. 91.</ref> [[Elizabeth I|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta I]] ta soke dokar tauye tunani a ƙarshen karni na goma sha shida, domin, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta son bada wata kafa a cikin rayukan maza da tunaninsu na sirri.<ref>Brimacombe, Peter (2000). ''All the Queen's Men: The World of Elizabeth I''. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0312232519|<bdi>0312232519</bdi>]].</ref> A lokacin mulkinta, masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi, falaki, kuma masanin ilimin taurari "Giordano Bruno" ya sami mafaka a Ingila daga dokar yanke haddi na Italiya, inda ya buga littattafansa da yawa game da sararin samaniya da dama har ma da darussan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan ya fita daga kariyar Ingila, an ƙone a raye Bruno a Roma a matsayin wanda ya kafurce don ya ƙi yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsa. Don haka ne wasu ke ganin shi a matsayin shahidi na 'yancin tunani ko ra'ayi.<ref>Arturo Labriola, ''Giordano Bruno: Martyrs of free thought no. 1''</ref> Ignaz von Döllinger ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin “mutum na farko daga cikin shahararrun mutanen duniya da suka kafa ƙa’idar addini guda ɗaya ta musamman, kuma ya tilasta ta har zuw aiya rayuwar sa: . . . Ka’idar ‘yancin kai da qin tilastawa acikin addini.” <ref>A.D. Lindsay: ''The Essentials of Democracy'' (2 ed.), 1948.</ref> Haka zaika, ana iya iyakance [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ta hanyar watsi da ra'ayi, tsare mutum, ko kona littattafai, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana hana 'yancin ra'ayi. Misalai masu tasiri na yakar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki su ne yunkurin Soviet na binciken kwayoyin halitta don goyon bayan ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, wani gangami na kona littafi da mutanen Nazi na Jamus suka yi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi a [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]] a karkashin Pol Pot, iyakacin iyaka akan 'yancin furuci da gwamnatocin gurguzu na [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] da Cuba ko kuma na kama-karya irin na Augusto Pinochet na [[Chile]] da Francisco Franco a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] suka kafa. Hasashen Sapir-Whorf, wanda ya bayyana cewa [[tunani]] yana cikin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], zai goyi bayan da'awar cewa ƙoƙari na iyakance amfani da kalmomin harshe shine ainihin nau'i na ƙuntata 'yancin tunani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}}An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na ''1984'', tare da ra'ayin nau'i na [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi da aka]] yi wanda ake zargi da rashin ikon kwatanta iyakance bayyana ra'ayoyin asali. Haɓaka fasahohin neuroimaging na kwanan nan sun kara tayar da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyin da za su iya karantawa da kuma tauye tunani. Ko da yake batun yana da rikitarwa dangane da lamarin jiki da zuciya, waɗannan damuwowin sun zama sashin bincike da ke tasowa na neuroethics da neuroprivacy. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] 4viogams4s4shi9q01djxgm7lhsutx4 915620 915619 2026-09-03T16:24:47Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:FFRF%27s_Bill_of_Rights_Nativity.jpg |thumb| FFRF's Bill of Rights Nativity]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Report_2016_cover_image.png |thumb| Freedom of Thought Report 2016 cover image.]] [[File:Freedom_of_Thought_Ben_Franklin.jpg|thumb|200x200px| "Idan ba tare da ƴancin tunani ba, ba za a iya zama kamar hikima ba, kuma babu wani abu kamar ƴancin jama'a ba tare da ƴancin yin magana ba", Benjamin Franklin, 1722]] [[File:Maria Shriver speaking about the California Alzheimer's Task Force.ogv|thumb|hoton wata tana fadin albarkacin baki]] '''Ƴancin tunani''' (wanda kuma ake kira '''ƴancin ra'ayi'''): shine 'yancin mutum ko mutane wajen amincewa ko kuma yarda da wata ra'ayi, hujja, ko kuma [[tunani]], nasa na kansa ba tare da ra'ayoyin wasu ba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Main|first=T. F.|date=1967-06-01|title=Knowledge, Learning and Freedom from Thought|url=https://doi.org/10.3109/00048676709159167|journal=Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=64–71|doi=10.3109/00048676709159167|s2cid=144126437|issn=0004-8674}}</ref> == Bayani. == Kowane mutum na ƙoƙarin samun ƙwarewar fahimta ta hanyar haɓaka ilimi, ra'ayoyi, ƙa'idoji da tantance su dangane da muhallin sa. Wannan ƙwarewar fahimta yana ba da jin daɗi kuma yana maye gurbin jin rashin taimako. Baya ga kawo sauƙi ga kishin mutum, sabon ilimi da tunani kuma suna kawo sa rai a na gaba.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swaine|first=Lucas|date=2016-11-09|title=Freedom of Thought as a Basic Liberty|journal=Political Theory|language=en-US|volume=46|issue=3|pages=405–425|doi=10.1177/0090591716676293|s2cid=151827391|issn=0090-5917}}</ref> Ƴancin ra'ayi shine mafari kuma magabanci - don haka yana da alaƙa da - wasu ƴanci, game da ƴancin addini, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki, da yancin nuna ra'ayi. Ko da yake 'yancin ra'ayi tsayayye ne dangane da sauran 'yanci da yawa, ba a buƙatar su ta wata hanya don aiki da wanzuwar su. Ka'idar 'yanci ko hakki baya bada damar haɗa shi, halalcinsa, ko kariya ta hanyar faɗakarwa ta falsafa. Haƙƙi ne mai matukar muhimmanci a yammacin duniya kuma kusan dukkanin kundin tsarin mulkin damokuradiyya suna kare wadannan haƙƙoƙi. Misali, Kudirin Haƙƙoƙin ya ƙunshi sanannen dama a cikin Gyara na farko da akayi mai cewa ba za a sanya dokokin da zasu katsalandan ga addini "ko haramta 'yanci ba." Alkalin Kotun Kolin Amurka Benjamin Cardozo ya yi bayani a ''Palko v.'' ''Connecticut'' (1937) cewa: '''Yancin ra'ayii shine mafi inganci daga mutane kuma haƙƙi ne wanda ba'a iya kauce masa kuma wani muhimmin sashi ne na dokokin haƙƙin ɗan adam a duniya. Ba tare da wani gyaran fuska ba, alamomin da zasu tabbatar da gaskiyan wannan bayani na nan kunshe cikin tarihinmu, tsarin mulkinmu da kuma shari'ar mu''.<ref>''[[Palko v. State of Connecticut]]'', 302 U.S. 319(1937).</ref> An lissafo Ƴancin tunani a a ƙarƙashin Mataki na 18; a wajen [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Bil Adama ta Duniya]] (UDHR), wacce ta ke daure bisa ƙa'ida kan kasashe membobi na yarjejeniyar kasa da ƙasa kan ƴancin jama'a da siyasa (ICCPR) cewa: Kowani mutum yana da 'yancin yin tunani da fadin ra'ayoyinsa da yin addininsa daya hada da 'yancin canja addini yayi hakan shi kadai ko acikin mutane da 'yancin bayyana addininsa da karantarwarsa da bayyana ibadarsa. Kwamitin Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ya ce wannan, “yana bambanta ‘yancin tunani, addini ko imani da ’yancin bayyana addini ko imani." Ba ya ƙyale kowane iyaka ko mene ne kan yancin tunani da lamiri ko kan ƴancin samun ko ɗaukar addini ko imani na zaɓin da mutum ya zaɓa. Ana kiyaye waɗannan 'yanci ba tare da wani sharadi ba."<ref>"General Comment No. 22: The right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion (Art. 18) : . 30/07/93. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4, General Comment No. 22. (General Comments)". ''United Nations Human Rights Website – Treaty Bodies Database''. [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]]. 1993-07-30. Retrieved 2007-10-21.</ref> Hakazalika, Mataki na 19 na UDHR ya ba da tabbacin cewa "Kowanne mutum yana da 'yancin fadin albarkacin bakinsa, wannan hakkin ya hada da 'yancin rike ra'ayi ba tare da tsangwama ba." == Tarihin ci gaba da danniya. == Yana da wuyan gaske a tabbatar da abinda wani mutum yake tunani, hakan na sanya danniya mawuyaci. An bunƙasa manufar a cikin Littafi Mai-Tsarki, a cikin littafin Bulus na Tarsus (misali, “Mai yasa ra'ayin wani zai rika takure nawa ra'ayin [ ''sunaideseos'' ]?” 1 Korinthiyawa 10:29). <ref>Eugene J. Cooper, "Man's Basic Freedom and Freedom of Conscience in the Bible : Reflections on 1 Corinthians 8–10", ''Irish Theological Quarterly'' Dec 1975</ref> [[File:GiordanoBrunoCampodeiFiori_cropped.jpg|left|thumb| Hoton Bronze na Giordano Bruno a [[Rum|Rome]]]] Duk da cewa masana falsafa na Girka [[Plato]] da Socrates sun tattauna 'Yancin Tunani a takaice, har wayau dokokin Sarki Ashoka (ƙarni na 3 BC) an kiran dokar na farko da 'Yancin ra'ayi ko tunani.<ref>Luzzatti, Luigi (February 2006). ''Luigi Luzzatti, "The First Decree on Freedom of Conscience" p. 47 in'' God in Freedom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1596054486|<bdi>978-1596054486</bdi>]]. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</ref> A cikin al'adar Turawa, baya ga dokar yarda da addini ta Constantine I a Milan a shekara ta 313, masana falsafa Themistus, Michel de Montaigne, Baruch Spinoza, John Locke, Voltaire, Alexandre Vinet, da John Stuart Mill da masana tauhidi Roger Williams, da Samuel Rutherford an dauke su manyan magoya bayan ra'ayin 'Yancin Tunani (ko 'yanci na ruhi a cikin kalmomin Roger Williams). <ref>Luzzatti, p. 91.</ref> [[Elizabeth I|Sarauniya Elizabeth ta I]] ta soke dokar tauye tunani a ƙarshen karni na goma sha shida, domin, a cewar Sir Francis Bacon, ba ta son bada wata kafa a cikin rayukan maza da tunaninsu na sirri.<ref>Brimacombe, Peter (2000). ''All the Queen's Men: The World of Elizabeth I''. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 125. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0312232519|<bdi>0312232519</bdi>]].</ref> A lokacin mulkinta, masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi, falaki, kuma masanin ilimin taurari "Giordano Bruno" ya sami mafaka a Ingila daga dokar yanke haddi na Italiya, inda ya buga littattafansa da yawa game da sararin samaniya da dama har ma da darussan da Cocin Katolika ta hana. Bayan ya fita daga kariyar Ingila, an ƙone a raye Bruno a Roma a matsayin wanda ya kafurce don ya ƙi yin watsi da ra'ayoyinsa. Don haka ne wasu ke ganin shi a matsayin shahidi na 'yancin tunani ko ra'ayi.<ref>Arturo Labriola, ''Giordano Bruno: Martyrs of free thought no. 1''</ref> Ignaz von Döllinger ya bayyana Oliver Cromwell a matsayin “mutum na farko daga cikin shahararrun mutanen duniya da suka kafa ƙa’idar addini guda ɗaya ta musamman, kuma ya tilasta ta har zuw aiya rayuwar sa: . . . Ka’idar ‘yancin kai da qin tilastawa acikin addini.” <ref>A.D. Lindsay: ''The Essentials of Democracy'' (2 ed.), 1948.</ref> Haka zaika, ana iya iyakance [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ta hanyar watsi da ra'ayi, tsare mutum, ko kona littattafai, ko farfaganda, kuma wannan yana hana 'yancin ra'ayi. Misalai masu tasiri na yakar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki su ne yunkurin Soviet na binciken kwayoyin halitta don goyon bayan ka'idar da aka sani da Lysenkoism, wani gangami na kona littafi da mutanen Nazi na Jamus suka yi, da tsattsauran ra'ayi da aka yi a [[Kambodiya|Cambodia]] a karkashin Pol Pot, iyakacin iyaka akan 'yancin furuci da gwamnatocin gurguzu na [[Sin|Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Sin]] da Cuba ko kuma na kama-karya irin na Augusto Pinochet na [[Chile]] da Francisco Franco a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] suka kafa. Hasashen Sapir-Whorf, wanda ya bayyana cewa [[tunani]] yana cikin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]], zai goyi bayan da'awar cewa ƙoƙari na iyakance amfani da kalmomin harshe shine ainihin nau'i na ƙuntata 'yancin tunani.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2010}}An bincika wannan a cikin littafin George Orwell na ''1984'', tare da ra'ayin nau'i na [[Turanci|yaren Ingilishi da aka]] yi wanda ake zargi da rashin ikon kwatanta iyakance bayyana ra'ayoyin asali. Haɓaka fasahohin neuroimaging na kwanan nan sun kara tayar da damuwa game da ƙungiyoyin da za su iya karantawa da kuma tauye tunani. Ko da yake batun yana da rikitarwa dangane da lamarin jiki da zuciya, waɗannan damuwowin sun zama sashin bincike da ke tasowa na neuroethics da neuroprivacy. == Manazarta. == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] [[Category:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] mgg00ewzmmvnt2oweyw01yhp9kc0102 0 29762 915590 720369 2026-09-03T16:13:33Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915590 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Strategy31_2010-05-31-04_Vladimir_Lukin.jpg |thumb|Taro ]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb| DemoVersGNRWstoppen]] [[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb| "Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), mai zanen Ester. Almqvist, na asali a gidan tarihi na kasar Sweden . [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zabi zanen ne a matsayin wani tambari na tunawa da kafa [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam]], sakin layi na 20: Hakkokin Taro.]] [[File:Janitor_strike_santa_monica.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan gidan tsafi sun kai hari a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, [[California]] . Duk da cewa yajin aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta gudanar da ƴancin haɗuwa da ’yancin yin tarayya, sauran al’amuran da suka shafi dabi’ar ma’aikata da aka kwatanta a nan, kamar yadda masu tafiya a kafa suke hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duk inda suke da' yancin shiga wannan siginar. intersection, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jiha kamar California Vehicle Code § 21950(b). <ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]] [[File:Occupy_Oakland_Nov_12_2011_PM_57.jpg|thumb| An buga wani yanki daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, 2011]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin taro na lumana:''', Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi tare da [[Yancin Kungiya|'yancin hakin gwiwa]], shine [[Hakkoki|hakkin mutum daya ko ikon]] mutane don haduwa tare da bayyanawa, habaka, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu na gamayya ko gamayya. <ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> An kuma amince da 'yancin yin tarayya a matsayin [[Hakkokin dan'adam|'yancin dan adam]], 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin dan adam . Za a iya amfani da sharuddan ''yancin taro'' da ''yancin kungiyoyi'' don bambance tsakanin 'yancin yin taro a wuraren jama'a da 'yancin shiga kungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin yin taro sau da yawa a cikin mahallin' [[Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga|yancin yin zanga-zanga]], yayin da ake amfani da 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin mahallin 'yancin aiki kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana fassara shi da ma'anar 'yancin yin taro da 'yancin shiga wata kungiya. Kungiya. <ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref> == Kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam; == An haɗa ’yancin yin taro a cikin, da sauransu, waɗannan kayan aikin haddin dan adam: * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] – Article 20. * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] – Article 21. * European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11. * American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da na yanki da suka amince da ‘yancin yin taro sun hada da: [[Bangladesh]] – Sashe na 37 da 38 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Bangladesh]] suna ba da tabbacin [[yancin kungiya]] da taro.<ref name=bd>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |publisher=Office na Firayim Minista |access-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221035/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Brazil]] – Sashe na 5 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Brazil]] [[Canada]] – Sashe na 2 na ''[[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]]'' wadda ta kasance ɓangare na ''[[Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta 1982]]'' [[Faransa]] – Sashe na 431-1 na ''Sabon Lambar Laifi'' (''Nouveau Code Pénal'') [[Jamus]] – Sashe na 8 na GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Dokar Asali) [[Hungary]] – Sashe na VIII (1) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hungary|Dokar Asali]] [[Indiya]] – Sashe na 19 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indiya]] [[Indonesia]] – Sashe na 28E(3) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indonesia]] [[Jamhuriyar Ireland|Ireland]] – Sashe na 40.6.1° na [[Tsarin Mulkin Ireland]], a ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Asali"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|website=Citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> [[Italiya]] – Sashe na 17 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Italiya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=Gwamnatin Italiya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref> [[Japan]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Japan]] [[Dokar Asali ta Macau]] – Sashe na 27 [[Malaysia]] – [[Sashe na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia]] [[Mexico]] – Sashe na 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Mexico]] [[Netherlands]] – Sashe na 8 da 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand, 1990]] [[Norway]] – Sashe na 101 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Norway]] [[Pakistan]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Pakistan, 1973]] [[Philippines]] – Sashe na III, ɓangare na 4 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Philippines]] [[Poland]] – Sashe na 57 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] [[Rasha]] – Sashe na 30 da 31 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Rasha]] suna ba da tabbacin yancin kungiya da zaman lafiya.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref> [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] – Sashe na 17 [[Spain]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978]] [[Sweden]] – Babi na 2 na [[Dokokin Asali na Sweden|Dokar Gwamnati]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/kungorelse-1974152-om-beslutad-ny-regeringsform_sfs-1974-152|title=Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903|website=Riksdagsförvaltningen|language=sv|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> [[Taiwan]] ([[Jamhuriyar Sin]]) – Sashe na 14 yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da kungiya. [[Turkiyya]] – Sashe na 33 da 34 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya]] suna tabbatar da yancin kungiya da taro. [[UAE]] – Sashe na 33 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Amurka]] – [[Gyaran Farko na Tsarin Mulkin Amurka]] yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da fadin albarkacin baki. [[Venezuela]] – Sashe na 68 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Mahada == # California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk." # '''^''' Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20 # '''^''' See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967). 14fx4g9aarpsjatiujma9xsvbd155td 915591 915590 2026-09-03T16:13:54Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915591 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Strategy31_2010-05-31-04_Vladimir_Lukin.jpg |thumb|Taro ]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb| DemoVersGNRWstoppen]] [[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb| "Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), mai zanen Ester. Almqvist, na asali a gidan tarihi na kasar Sweden . [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zabi zanen ne a matsayin wani tambari na tunawa da kafa [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam]], sakin layi na 20: Hakkokin Taro.]] [[File:Janitor_strike_santa_monica.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan gidan tsafi sun kai hari a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, [[California]] . Duk da cewa yajin aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta gudanar da ƴancin haɗuwa da ’yancin yin tarayya, sauran al’amuran da suka shafi dabi’ar ma’aikata da aka kwatanta a nan, kamar yadda masu tafiya a kafa suke hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duk inda suke da' yancin shiga wannan siginar. intersection, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jiha kamar California Vehicle Code § 21950(b). <ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]] [[File:Occupy_Oakland_Nov_12_2011_PM_57.jpg|thumb| An buga wani yanki daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, 2011]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin taro na lumana:''', Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi tare da [[Yancin Kungiya|'yancin hakin gwiwa]], shine [[Hakkoki|hakkin mutum daya ko ikon]] mutane don haduwa tare da bayyanawa, habaka, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu na gamayya ko gamayya. <ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> An kuma amince da 'yancin yin tarayya a matsayin [[Hakkokin dan'adam|'yancin dan adam]], 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin dan adam . Za a iya amfani da sharuddan ''yancin taro'' da ''yancin kungiyoyi'' don bambance tsakanin ƴancin yin taro a wuraren jama'a da 'yancin shiga kungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin yin taro sau da yawa a cikin mahallin' [[Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga|yancin yin zanga-zanga]], yayin da ake amfani da 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin mahallin 'yancin aiki kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana fassara shi da ma'anar 'yancin yin taro da 'yancin shiga wata kungiya. Kungiya. <ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref> == Kayan aikin kare hakkin dan adam; == An haɗa ’yancin yin taro a cikin, da sauransu, waɗannan kayan aikin haddin dan adam: * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] – Article 20. * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] – Article 21. * European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11. * American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da na yanki da suka amince da ‘yancin yin taro sun hada da: [[Bangladesh]] – Sashe na 37 da 38 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Bangladesh]] suna ba da tabbacin [[yancin kungiya]] da taro.<ref name=bd>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |publisher=Office na Firayim Minista |access-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221035/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Brazil]] – Sashe na 5 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Brazil]] [[Canada]] – Sashe na 2 na ''[[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]]'' wadda ta kasance ɓangare na ''[[Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta 1982]]'' [[Faransa]] – Sashe na 431-1 na ''Sabon Lambar Laifi'' (''Nouveau Code Pénal'') [[Jamus]] – Sashe na 8 na GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Dokar Asali) [[Hungary]] – Sashe na VIII (1) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hungary|Dokar Asali]] [[Indiya]] – Sashe na 19 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indiya]] [[Indonesia]] – Sashe na 28E(3) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indonesia]] [[Jamhuriyar Ireland|Ireland]] – Sashe na 40.6.1° na [[Tsarin Mulkin Ireland]], a ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Asali"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|website=Citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> [[Italiya]] – Sashe na 17 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Italiya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=Gwamnatin Italiya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref> [[Japan]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Japan]] [[Dokar Asali ta Macau]] – Sashe na 27 [[Malaysia]] – [[Sashe na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia]] [[Mexico]] – Sashe na 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Mexico]] [[Netherlands]] – Sashe na 8 da 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand, 1990]] [[Norway]] – Sashe na 101 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Norway]] [[Pakistan]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Pakistan, 1973]] [[Philippines]] – Sashe na III, ɓangare na 4 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Philippines]] [[Poland]] – Sashe na 57 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] [[Rasha]] – Sashe na 30 da 31 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Rasha]] suna ba da tabbacin yancin kungiya da zaman lafiya.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref> [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] – Sashe na 17 [[Spain]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978]] [[Sweden]] – Babi na 2 na [[Dokokin Asali na Sweden|Dokar Gwamnati]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/kungorelse-1974152-om-beslutad-ny-regeringsform_sfs-1974-152|title=Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903|website=Riksdagsförvaltningen|language=sv|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> [[Taiwan]] ([[Jamhuriyar Sin]]) – Sashe na 14 yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da kungiya. [[Turkiyya]] – Sashe na 33 da 34 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya]] suna tabbatar da yancin kungiya da taro. [[UAE]] – Sashe na 33 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Amurka]] – [[Gyaran Farko na Tsarin Mulkin Amurka]] yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da fadin albarkacin baki. [[Venezuela]] – Sashe na 68 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Mahada == # California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk." # '''^''' Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20 # '''^''' See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967). 3us9pf4wtgrilbev0d2bxitlwydjkh6 915592 915591 2026-09-03T16:14:11Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915592 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Strategy31_2010-05-31-04_Vladimir_Lukin.jpg |thumb|Taro ]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb| DemoVersGNRWstoppen]] [[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb| "Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), mai zanen Ester. Almqvist, na asali a gidan tarihi na kasar Sweden . [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zabi zanen ne a matsayin wani tambari na tunawa da kafa [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam]], sakin layi na 20: Hakkokin Taro.]] [[File:Janitor_strike_santa_monica.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan gidan tsafi sun kai hari a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, [[California]] . Duk da cewa yajin aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta gudanar da ƴancin haɗuwa da ’yancin yin tarayya, sauran al’amuran da suka shafi dabi’ar ma’aikata da aka kwatanta a nan, kamar yadda masu tafiya a kafa suke hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duk inda suke da' yancin shiga wannan siginar. intersection, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jiha kamar California Vehicle Code § 21950(b). <ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]] [[File:Occupy_Oakland_Nov_12_2011_PM_57.jpg|thumb| An buga wani yanki daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, 2011]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin taro na lumana:''', Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi tare da [[Yancin Kungiya|'yancin hakin gwiwa]], shine [[Hakkoki|hakkin mutum daya ko ikon]] mutane don haduwa tare da bayyanawa, habaka, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu na gamayya ko gamayya. <ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> An kuma amince da 'yancin yin tarayya a matsayin [[Hakkokin dan'adam|'yancin dan adam]], 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin dan adam . Za a iya amfani da sharuddan ''yancin taro'' da ''yancin kungiyoyi'' don bambance tsakanin ƴancin yin taro a wuraren jama'a da 'yancin shiga kungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin yin taro sau da yawa a cikin mahallin' [[Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga|yancin yin zanga-zanga]], yayin da ake amfani da 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin mahallin 'yancin aiki kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana fassara shi da ma'anar 'yancin yin taro da 'yancin shiga wata kungiya. Kungiya. <ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref> == Kayan aikin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam; == An haɗa ƴancin yin taro a cikin, da sauransu, waɗannan kayan aikin haddin dan adam: * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] – Article 20. * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] – Article 21. * European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11. * American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da na yanki da suka amince da ‘yancin yin taro sun hada da: [[Bangladesh]] – Sashe na 37 da 38 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Bangladesh]] suna ba da tabbacin [[yancin kungiya]] da taro.<ref name=bd>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |publisher=Office na Firayim Minista |access-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221035/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Brazil]] – Sashe na 5 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Brazil]] [[Canada]] – Sashe na 2 na ''[[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]]'' wadda ta kasance ɓangare na ''[[Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta 1982]]'' [[Faransa]] – Sashe na 431-1 na ''Sabon Lambar Laifi'' (''Nouveau Code Pénal'') [[Jamus]] – Sashe na 8 na GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Dokar Asali) [[Hungary]] – Sashe na VIII (1) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hungary|Dokar Asali]] [[Indiya]] – Sashe na 19 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indiya]] [[Indonesia]] – Sashe na 28E(3) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indonesia]] [[Jamhuriyar Ireland|Ireland]] – Sashe na 40.6.1° na [[Tsarin Mulkin Ireland]], a ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Asali"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|website=Citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> [[Italiya]] – Sashe na 17 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Italiya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=Gwamnatin Italiya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref> [[Japan]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Japan]] [[Dokar Asali ta Macau]] – Sashe na 27 [[Malaysia]] – [[Sashe na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia]] [[Mexico]] – Sashe na 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Mexico]] [[Netherlands]] – Sashe na 8 da 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand, 1990]] [[Norway]] – Sashe na 101 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Norway]] [[Pakistan]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Pakistan, 1973]] [[Philippines]] – Sashe na III, ɓangare na 4 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Philippines]] [[Poland]] – Sashe na 57 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] [[Rasha]] – Sashe na 30 da 31 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Rasha]] suna ba da tabbacin yancin kungiya da zaman lafiya.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref> [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] – Sashe na 17 [[Spain]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978]] [[Sweden]] – Babi na 2 na [[Dokokin Asali na Sweden|Dokar Gwamnati]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/kungorelse-1974152-om-beslutad-ny-regeringsform_sfs-1974-152|title=Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903|website=Riksdagsförvaltningen|language=sv|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> [[Taiwan]] ([[Jamhuriyar Sin]]) – Sashe na 14 yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da kungiya. [[Turkiyya]] – Sashe na 33 da 34 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya]] suna tabbatar da yancin kungiya da taro. [[UAE]] – Sashe na 33 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Amurka]] – [[Gyaran Farko na Tsarin Mulkin Amurka]] yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da fadin albarkacin baki. [[Venezuela]] – Sashe na 68 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Mahada == # California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk." # '''^''' Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20 # '''^''' See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967). 6c2lju8ibu39dlnynxscp2jra3ovm1d 915593 915592 2026-09-03T16:14:25Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915593 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Strategy31_2010-05-31-04_Vladimir_Lukin.jpg |thumb|Taro ]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb| DemoVersGNRWstoppen]] [[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb| "Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), mai zanen Ester. Almqvist, na asali a gidan tarihi na kasar Sweden . [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zabi zanen ne a matsayin wani tambari na tunawa da kafa [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam]], sakin layi na 20: Hakkokin Taro.]] [[File:Janitor_strike_santa_monica.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan gidan tsafi sun kai hari a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, [[California]] . Duk da cewa yajin aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta gudanar da ƴancin haɗuwa da ’yancin yin tarayya, sauran al’amuran da suka shafi dabi’ar ma’aikata da aka kwatanta a nan, kamar yadda masu tafiya a kafa suke hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duk inda suke da' yancin shiga wannan siginar. intersection, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jiha kamar California Vehicle Code § 21950(b). <ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]] [[File:Occupy_Oakland_Nov_12_2011_PM_57.jpg|thumb| An buga wani yanki daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, 2011]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin taro na lumana:''', Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi tare da [[Yancin Kungiya|'yancin hakin gwiwa]], shine [[Hakkoki|hakkin mutum daya ko ikon]] mutane don haduwa tare da bayyanawa, habaka, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu na gamayya ko gamayya. <ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> An kuma amince da 'yancin yin tarayya a matsayin [[Hakkokin dan'adam|'yancin dan adam]], 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin dan adam . Za a iya amfani da sharuddan ''yancin taro'' da ''yancin kungiyoyi'' don bambance tsakanin ƴancin yin taro a wuraren jama'a da 'yancin shiga kungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin yin taro sau da yawa a cikin mahallin' [[Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga|yancin yin zanga-zanga]], yayin da ake amfani da 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin mahallin 'yancin aiki kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana fassara shi da ma'anar 'yancin yin taro da 'yancin shiga wata kungiya. Kungiya. <ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref> == Kayan aikin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam; == An haɗa ƴancin yin taro a cikin, da sauransu, waɗannan kayan aikin haddin ɗan adam: * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] – Article 20. * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] – Article 21. * European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11. * American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15. Kundin tsarin mulkin kasa da na yanki da suka amince da ‘yancin yin taro sun hada da: [[Bangladesh]] – Sashe na 37 da 38 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Bangladesh]] suna ba da tabbacin [[yancin kungiya]] da taro.<ref name=bd>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |publisher=Office na Firayim Minista |access-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221035/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Brazil]] – Sashe na 5 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Brazil]] [[Canada]] – Sashe na 2 na ''[[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]]'' wadda ta kasance ɓangare na ''[[Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta 1982]]'' [[Faransa]] – Sashe na 431-1 na ''Sabon Lambar Laifi'' (''Nouveau Code Pénal'') [[Jamus]] – Sashe na 8 na GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Dokar Asali) [[Hungary]] – Sashe na VIII (1) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hungary|Dokar Asali]] [[Indiya]] – Sashe na 19 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indiya]] [[Indonesia]] – Sashe na 28E(3) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indonesia]] [[Jamhuriyar Ireland|Ireland]] – Sashe na 40.6.1° na [[Tsarin Mulkin Ireland]], a ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Asali"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|website=Citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> [[Italiya]] – Sashe na 17 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Italiya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=Gwamnatin Italiya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref> [[Japan]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Japan]] [[Dokar Asali ta Macau]] – Sashe na 27 [[Malaysia]] – [[Sashe na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia]] [[Mexico]] – Sashe na 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Mexico]] [[Netherlands]] – Sashe na 8 da 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand, 1990]] [[Norway]] – Sashe na 101 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Norway]] [[Pakistan]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Pakistan, 1973]] [[Philippines]] – Sashe na III, ɓangare na 4 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Philippines]] [[Poland]] – Sashe na 57 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] [[Rasha]] – Sashe na 30 da 31 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Rasha]] suna ba da tabbacin yancin kungiya da zaman lafiya.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref> [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] – Sashe na 17 [[Spain]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978]] [[Sweden]] – Babi na 2 na [[Dokokin Asali na Sweden|Dokar Gwamnati]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/kungorelse-1974152-om-beslutad-ny-regeringsform_sfs-1974-152|title=Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903|website=Riksdagsförvaltningen|language=sv|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> [[Taiwan]] ([[Jamhuriyar Sin]]) – Sashe na 14 yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da kungiya. [[Turkiyya]] – Sashe na 33 da 34 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya]] suna tabbatar da yancin kungiya da taro. [[UAE]] – Sashe na 33 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Amurka]] – [[Gyaran Farko na Tsarin Mulkin Amurka]] yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da fadin albarkacin baki. [[Venezuela]] – Sashe na 68 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Mahada == # California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk." # '''^''' Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20 # '''^''' See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967). tczgybb39uzq4nvad2vp7aalyck1qq0 915594 915593 2026-09-03T16:14:48Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915594 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Strategy31_2010-05-31-04_Vladimir_Lukin.jpg |thumb|Taro ]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb| DemoVersGNRWstoppen]] [[File:Themeeting.jpg|thumb| "Sammankomsten" ("Taron"), mai zanen Ester. Almqvist, na asali a gidan tarihi na kasar Sweden . [[Majalisar dinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta zabi zanen ne a matsayin wani tambari na tunawa da kafa [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniya Ta Duniya ta Hakkokin Dan Adam]], sakin layi na 20: Hakkokin Taro.]] [[File:Janitor_strike_santa_monica.jpg|thumb| Ma'aikatan gidan tsafi sun kai hari a gaban ginin MTV a Santa Monica, [[California]] . Duk da cewa yajin aiki a ƙungiyar kwadago wata hanya ce ta gudanar da ƴancin haɗuwa da ’yancin yin tarayya, sauran al’amuran da suka shafi dabi’ar ma’aikata da aka kwatanta a nan, kamar yadda masu tafiya a kafa suke hana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a duk inda suke da' yancin shiga wannan siginar. intersection, na iya keta dokokin gida ko na jiha kamar California Vehicle Code § 21950(b). <ref>[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=VEH&division=11.&title=&part=&chapter=5.&article= California Vehicle Code § 21950(b)]: "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk."</ref>]] [[File:Occupy_Oakland_Nov_12_2011_PM_57.jpg|thumb| An buga wani yanki daga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, a taron Occupy Oakland, 2011]] '''<nowiki/>'Yancin taro na lumana:''', Wani lokaci ana amfani da shi tare da [[Yancin Kungiya|'yancin hakin gwiwa]], shine [[Hakkoki|hakkin mutum daya ko ikon]] mutane don haduwa tare da bayyanawa, habaka, bi, da kare ra'ayoyinsu na gamayya ko gamayya. <ref>Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20</ref> An kuma amince da 'yancin yin tarayya a matsayin [[Hakkokin dan'adam|'yancin dan adam]], 'yancin siyasa da 'yancin dan adam . Za a iya amfani da sharuddan ''yancin taro'' da ''yancin kungiyoyi'' don bambance tsakanin ƴancin yin taro a wuraren jama'a da 'yancin shiga kungiya. Ana amfani da 'yancin yin taro sau da yawa a cikin mahallin' [[Yancin Yin Zanga-Zanga|yancin yin zanga-zanga]], yayin da ake amfani da 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin mahallin 'yancin aiki kuma a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ana fassara shi da ma'anar 'yancin yin taro da 'yancin shiga wata kungiya. Kungiya. <ref>See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967).</ref> == Kayan aikin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam; == An haɗa ƴancin yin taro a cikin, da sauransu, waɗannan kayan aikin haddin ɗan adam: * [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] – Article 20. * [[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]] – Article 21. * European Convention on Human Rights – Article 11. * American Convention on Human Rights – Article 15. Kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasa da na yanki da suka amince da ‘yancin yin taro sun hada da: [[Bangladesh]] – Sashe na 37 da 38 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Bangladesh]] suna ba da tabbacin [[yancin kungiya]] da taro.<ref name=bd>{{cite web|title=Constitution of Bangladesh: Chapter III |url=http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |publisher=Office na Firayim Minista |access-date=2 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524221035/http://www.pmo.gov.bd/pmolib/constitution/part3.htm |archive-date=24 May 2013 }}</ref> [[Brazil]] – Sashe na 5 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Brazil]] [[Canada]] – Sashe na 2 na ''[[Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Kanada]]'' wadda ta kasance ɓangare na ''[[Dokar Tsarin Mulki ta 1982]]'' [[Faransa]] – Sashe na 431-1 na ''Sabon Lambar Laifi'' (''Nouveau Code Pénal'') [[Jamus]] – Sashe na 8 na GG ([[Grundgesetz]], Dokar Asali) [[Hungary]] – Sashe na VIII (1) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hungary|Dokar Asali]] [[Indiya]] – Sashe na 19 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indiya]] [[Indonesia]] – Sashe na 28E(3) na [[Tsarin Mulkin Indonesia]] [[Jamhuriyar Ireland|Ireland]] – Sashe na 40.6.1° na [[Tsarin Mulkin Ireland]], a ƙarƙashin taken "Yancin Asali"<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/irish_constitution_1/constitution_fundamental_rights.html|title=Fundamental Rights under the Irish Constitution|website=Citizensinformation.ie|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part13|title=Constitution of Ireland|website=[[Irish Statute Book]]|language=en|access-date=2018-03-03}}</ref> [[Italiya]] – Sashe na 17 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Italiya]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Italian Constitution |url=http://www.quirinale.it/page/costituzione|publisher=Gwamnatin Italiya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127152449/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/costituzione/pdf/costituzione_inglese.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-27 }}</ref> [[Japan]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Japan]] [[Dokar Asali ta Macau]] – Sashe na 27 [[Malaysia]] – [[Sashe na 10 na Tsarin Mulkin Malaysia]] [[Mexico]] – Sashe na 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Mexico]] [[Netherlands]] – Sashe na 8 da 9 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Netherlands]] [[New Zealand]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta New Zealand, 1990]] [[Norway]] – Sashe na 101 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Norway]] [[Pakistan]] – Sashe na 16 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Pakistan, 1973]] [[Philippines]] – Sashe na III, ɓangare na 4 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Philippines]] [[Poland]] – Sashe na 57 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Poland]] [[Rasha]] – Sashe na 30 da 31 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Rasha]] suna ba da tabbacin yancin kungiya da zaman lafiya.<ref name=ru>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Russia: Article 30|url=http://www.constitution.ru/en/10003000-03.htm#30|publisher=Adopted at National Voting on December 12, 1993}}</ref> [[Dokar ‘Yancin Dan Adam ta Afirka ta Kudu]] – Sashe na 17 [[Spain]] – Sashe na 21 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Spain na 1978]] [[Sweden]] – Babi na 2 na [[Dokokin Asali na Sweden|Dokar Gwamnati]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/kungorelse-1974152-om-beslutad-ny-regeringsform_sfs-1974-152|title=Kungörelse (1974:152) om beslutad ny regeringsform Svensk författningssamling 1974:1974:152 t.o.m. SFS 2018:1903|website=Riksdagsförvaltningen|language=sv|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref> [[Taiwan]] ([[Jamhuriyar Sin]]) – Sashe na 14 yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da kungiya. [[Turkiyya]] – Sashe na 33 da 34 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Turkiyya]] suna tabbatar da yancin kungiya da taro. [[UAE]] – Sashe na 33 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Amurka]] – [[Gyaran Farko na Tsarin Mulkin Amurka]] yana ba da tabbacin yancin taro da fadin albarkacin baki. [[Venezuela]] – Sashe na 68 na [[Tsarin Mulkin Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |title=Situación de la criminalización y represión en Venezuela- 2018 |date=17 December 2023 |publisher=Observatorio Venezolano de Conflictividad Social |location=Caracas, Venezuela |publication-date=February 2019 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160756/https://www.observatoriodeconflictos.org.ve/oc/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/INFORMEcriminalizaci%C3%B3nyrepresi%C3%B3n-FINAL-digital-1.pdf |archive-date=26 October 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Mahada == # California Vehicle Code § 21950(b): "No pedestrian may unnecessarily stop or delay traffic while in a marked or unmarked crosswalk." # '''^''' Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, in The Essentials of... Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, pp. 18–20 # '''^''' See: NAACP v. Claiborne Hardware Co., 458 U.S. 898 (1982); Healey v. James, 408 U.S. 169 (1972); Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v. Virginia, 377 U.S. 1 (1964); United Mine Workers v. Illinois State Bar Assn., 389 U.S. 217 (1967). 160w3no7ged09nzo2ypdfylmortfpr2 0 29782 915597 686850 2026-09-03T16:16:00Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin 'ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya 'yancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9u4nvzkofzll7jt2om4xy7jv8ua68md 915598 915597 2026-09-03T16:16:27Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915598 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin 'ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya 'yancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 07acgqvhoesz7i72itn08gkdxytw7eo 915599 915598 2026-09-03T16:16:50Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin 'ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya 'yancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] d4ten7qntnn234z79x1qarp6350idna 915600 915599 2026-09-03T16:17:14Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915600 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya 'yancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8p1086v8ceo3mr20yl00fjvveakcexl 915601 915600 2026-09-03T16:17:31Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya ƴancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6ik1jnefwocnrexbhqmvapjxlu54ed9 915602 915601 2026-09-03T16:17:47Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya ƴancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar shekarar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hcimynipdzqhxh64rs7e67qcmoh1uik 915603 915602 2026-09-03T16:18:08Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya ƴancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar shekarar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta shekarar 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9ah5e901mrnn9ij5skhc4zdgu354t2w 915605 915603 2026-09-03T16:18:36Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Fight_for_Freedom,_Hong_Kong.jpg |thumb| Fight for Freedom]] [[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY_(cropped).jpg |thumb|Mutum-Mutumin Yanci, NY-(New York)]] [[File:DemoVersGNRWstoppen_26062021_2.jpg |thumb|Taro]] [[Fayil:Software Freedom Day 2015 in Oporto 16.jpg|thumb|yanci tarayya yanda kowa keyi da Yan uwa da wanda ba Yan uwaba]] '''’Yancin kungiya ko 'yancin yin tarayya a turance (freedom of association)''' :Ya ƙunshi haƙƙin mutum na shiga ko barin ƙungiyar bisa raɗin kansa, da haƙƙin ƙungiyar na ɗaukar matakin gamayya don biyan buƙatun membobinta, da kuma haƙƙin ƙungiyar na karɓar ko ƙin zama mamba bisa wasu sharudda. Ana kuma iya siffanta shi da [[Hakkin mutum|haƙƙin mutum]] tare da wasu mutane don bayyanawa, haɓakawa, bi da ko kare muradun gama gari tare. <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> Yancin haɗin gwiwa duka [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin mutum ne]] kuma [[Haƙƙoƙin Ƙungiya Da Ɗaiɗaikun Mutane|haƙƙin]] gamayya ne, wanda duk tsarin shari'a na zamani da na dimokraɗiyya suka tabbatar, gami da Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka, labari ko sashi 11 na Yarjejeniyar Turai kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam, labari ko sashe na 2 na Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Hakkoki da 'Yanci. da dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, gami da labari/sashi 20 da 23 na [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] da shafi na 22 na Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam da Siyasa<ref>https://freedomradionig.com/amnesty-ta-bukaci-gwamnatin-tarayya-ta-girmama-%C6%B4ancin-tsoffin-%C6%B4an-sanda-na-yin-zanga-zanga/</ref>. Sanarwar da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta yi kan muhimman ka'idoji da hakkoki a aiki ta kuma tabbatar da wadannan Haƙƙoƙi. Ƴancin ƙungiyoyi yana bayyana ta hanyar ƴancin shiga ƙungiyar kwadago, shiga cikin [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] ko shiga cikin al'ummomin muhawara, jam'iyyun siyasa, ko wani kulob ko ƙungiya, ciki har da ƙungiyoyin addini da ƙungiyoyi, 'yan uwantaka, da na wasanni kuma ba don a tilasta masa shiga ƙungiya. <ref>[[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], Article 20, 2</ref> Yana da alaƙa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]], musamman a ƙarƙashin Dokar Haƙƙin Amurka. 'Yancin taro yawanci yana da alaƙa da muhallin siyasa. Duk da haka, (misali Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, kayan haƙƙin ɗan adam, da sauransu) 'yancin yin haɗin gwiwa na iya haɗawa da [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] . A kasar Amirka, tun daga Dokar Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta 1968, an tauye ’yancin yin tarayya da yawa game da gidaje, ilimi, da kasuwanci idan ya zo ga ƙabilanci ko ƙabila. Kotuna da jami'an da aka wakilta na ƙananan hukumomi na iya sanya hani kan kowane haƙƙin wanda kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a matsayin sharaɗin doka. Haƙƙoƙin ƴancin ƙungiyoyi da ƴancin taro ana yafewa a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, kamar ƙarar laifi ko hukunci, hani da oda da hanyoyin bincike da kama mai fasikanci. == Tarihi: == Gaba ɗaya ƴancin yin cuɗanya da ƙungiyoyi bisa ga zaɓin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, da kuma ƙungiyoyin su ɗaukar mataki don inganta muradun su, ya zama wani abin da ya dace na kowace al'umma ta dimokaraɗiyya . Domin ‘yancin yin ƙulla dole ya amince da tushen madafan iko da ƙungiyoyin jama’a, baya ga gwamnati, ita ce babbar manufa ta danniya daga dukkan al’ummomin kama-karya. A cikin [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], an haramta duk wani nau'i na "haɗuwa" da masu aikata laifuka, musamman ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, har zuwa Dokar Haɗuwa ta 1825. Bayan wannan, har yanzu ba har sai da Dokar Kamfanoni ta 1856, Dokar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci ta 1871 da kuma Laifin Maƙarƙashiya da Kariya na Dokar shekarar 1875 cewa kamfanoni da kuma ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci sun zama halal gabaɗaya. A Jamus, an kafa irin wannan tsarin dokokin danniya a kan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin demokuradiyya ta gwamnatin Bismarck a ƙarƙashin ''Sozialistengesetze'' (Ayyukan Socialist) a cikin 1878. Wadannan sun kasance suna aiki har zuwa 1890. A cikin 1933, mulkin kama-karya na Fascist na jam'iyyar gurguzu ta [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] ta sake haramta ƙungiyoyin kwadago, kuma ƙungiyoyin da ake da su sun zama ƙasa kuma aka haɗa su zuwa gwamnati guda da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Labour Front. A yammacin Jamus bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]], ƙungiyoyin 'yan kasuwa sun yi gaggawar tayar da su tare da ba da tabbacin ''Grundgesetz'' na Jamus. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], kotunan jihohi daban-daban sun ware ƙungiyoyin kwadago a lokuta daban-daban a matsayin masu hana kasuwanci. A karkashin dokar Clayton ta 1914, an ba ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago cikakkiyar yanci don tsarawa da kuma yin aiki tare don tabbatar da yarjejeniyar gama gari, duk da haka an sanya wasu matsaloli har sai da Dokar Hulɗa da Ma'aikata ta shekarar 1935 ta ƙirƙiri cikakken tsarin aiki. == Doka: == === Yarjejeniya ta Kanada ta Haƙƙoƙi da Ƴanci; === Sashi na biyu na Yarjejeniya, ƙarƙashin taken "Yanci na Asali" yana cewa:<blockquote>Kowane mutum yana da 'yanci masu zuwa: 'yancin yin tarayya.</blockquote>A ƙarƙashin dokokin Kanada, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki yana da matakai uku: 'yancin yin tarayya da sauran mutane, 'yancin yin kira ga sauran haƙƙoƙin tsarin mulki tare, da "manufa" 'yancin yin ciniki tare don zama daidai. kafa tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ƙungiyoyi. === Yarjejeniyar Turai: === === Tsarin Mulkin Italiya; === A [[Italiya]] an kafa 'yancin yin tarayya a cikin Mataki na 18 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki, wanda ya ce: Dan ƙasa yana da 'yancin yin tarayya ko shiga ƙungiya batare da izini ba. === Dokar Hakkokin Afrika ta Kudu: === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afirka ta Kudu ya kafa ‘yancin yin tarayya a sashe na 18, wanda ya ce “Kowa yana da ‘yancin yin tarayya." Bugu da ƙari, Sashe na 17 ya ce, "Kowa yana da 'yancin yin taro, da yin zanga-zanga, da gabatar da koke." don haka ya kafa [[Yanci taro|'yancin yin taro]] haƙƙin ma'aikata na 'yancin haɗin gwiwa dangane da 'yancin kafa ƙungiyoyin kasuwanci da ciniki na gama gari an amince da su daban, a cikin sashe na 23. <ref>[[Constitution of South Africa Chapter 2: Bill of Rights]]</ref> === Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka: === Yayin da Kwaskwarima na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka ya bayyana haƙƙoƙin haɗawa da koke ga [[gwamnati]], rubutun Ƙimar Farko bai yi takamaiman maganar haƙƙin ƙungiyoyi ba. Duk da haka, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta]] gudanar a ''NAACP v.'' ''Alabama'' (1958) cewa 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani muhimmin bangare ne na [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki]] domin, a yawancin lokuta, mutane na iya shiga cikin ingantaccen magana kawai idan sun shiga tare da wasu. Sauran shari’o’in Kotun Koli da suka shafi al’amuran ‘yancin yin tarayya sun haɗa da: * ''Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen v.'' ''Virginia'' , 377 US 1 (1964) * ''United Mine Workers v.'' ''Ƙungiyar Bar Association ta Jihar Illinois'' , 389 US 217 (1967) * ''Healey v.'' ''James'' , 408 US 169 (1972) * ''NAACP v.'' ''Kamfanin Claiborne Hardware Co., Ltd.'' , 458 US 898 (1982) * ''Boy Scouts na Amurka v.'' ''Dale'' , 530 US 640 (2000) * ''Janus v.'' ''Farashin AFSCME'' , Na 16-1466, 585 US ___ (2018).<ref>Wayne Batchis, Citizens United and the Paradox of "Corporate Speech": From Freedom of Association to Freedom of The Association, 36 N.Y.U. Rev. L. & Soc. Change 5Archived 2013-05-13 at the Wayback Machine (2012).</ref> == Batutuwa: == === Ƙungiya ta kusanci; === Wani muhimmin abu na 'yancin kai shi ne 'yancin zaɓar shiga da kiyaye wasu ƙa'idodin ɗan adam. Ana ɗaukar waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ɗan adam nau'i ne na "ƙungiya ta kusa" Misalin misalan “haɗin kai” shine iyali. Dangane da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a kuma yana iya ƙara zuwa zubar da ciki, hana haihuwa da kuma na sirri, babba, mara kasuwanci da alaƙar jima'i. === Ƙungiyar bayyanawa: === A cikin Amurka, ƙungiyoyi masu bayyanawa ƙungiyoyi ne waɗanda ke yin ayyukan da Dokar Gyara ta Farko ta kiyaye [[Ƴancin Faɗar Albarkacin Baki|magana]], [[Yanci taro|taro]], 'yan jarida, koke-koke na gwamnati don magance korafe-korafe, da kuma gudanar da [[addini]] kyauta. A cikin ''Roberts v.'' ''United States Jaycees'', [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke]] hukuncin cewa ƙungiyoyi ba za su keɓe mutane ba saboda dalilan da ba su da alaƙa da furucin ƙungiyar. Koyaya, a cikin yanke shawara na ''Hurley v.'' ''Gay-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston'', Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wata kungiya na iya ware mutane daga zama memba idan kasancewarsu zai shafi ikon kungiyar na bayar da shawarar wani ra'ayi. Gwamnati ba za ta iya, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin hana wariya, ta tilasta wa ƙungiyoyi su haɗa da saƙon da ba sa son isarwa. Koyaya, wannan ra'ayi yanzu ba ya aiki a tsarin Jami'ar saboda hukuncin Kotun Ƙoli a cikin ''Christian Legal Society v.'' ''Martinez'' (2010), wanda ya goyi bayan Hastings College of Law manufofin cewa yanayin makarantar game da fahimtar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai ba su da tsaka-tsaki kuma masu ma'ana. Manufar tana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai su ƙyale "kowane ɗalibi ya shiga, zama memba, ko neman matsayi na jagoranci, ba tare da la'akari da matsayinsu ko imaninsu ba" don haka, ana iya amfani da su don hana amincewar ƙungiyar a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai ta hukuma saboda ta buƙaci ta. mambobi don shaida a rubuce cewa "Na gaskanta da Littafi Mai-Tsarki a matsayin hurarriyar maganar Allah; Allahntakar Ubangijinmu, Yesu Kiristi, ruhin Allah; Mutuwar Yesu almasifu domin zunubanmu, tashinsa daga matattu da kuma dawowar sa; Kasancewa da ikon Ruhu Mai Tsarki cikin aikin sabuntawa; kuma Yesu almasifu, ɗan Allah, Ubangijin raina ne Kotun ta yi nuni da cewa, saboda wannan binciken tsarin mulki yana faruwa ne a mahallin ilimi, la'akarin da ya sa kotun ta yi amfani da wani matakin da ya rage na tantance magana a cikin tarukan jama'a. Don haka, manufar duk masu shigowa kwalejin ma'ana ce, yanayin tsaka-tsakin ra'ayi kan samun damar shiga taron ƙungiyar ɗalibai. ==== Iyakance Hakkin Dan Adam: ==== Hukunce-hukuncen kotu sun iyakance haƙƙin haɗin gwiwa na Farko na Kundin Tsarin Mulki . Misali, haramun ne a Amurka a yi la’akari da launin fata wajen kullawa da aiwatar da wasu kwangiloli na sirri banda aure. Wannan iyaka akan sakamakon 'yancin haɗin gwiwa daga Sashe na 1981 na Title 42 na Code of the United States Code, kamar yadda aka dai-daita a kan Kwaskwarimar Farko a cikin shawarar 1976 na ''Runyon v.'' ''McCrary''. Gwamnatoci sau da yawa suna buƙatar kwangilar mannewa tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don dalilai na ba da izini, kamar tare da Hukumar Kula da Kasuwanci don kasuwancin hannun jari a cikin 1938 Maloney Act gyare-gyare ga Dokar musanya Securities/tsaro na 1934. Waɗannan kwangilolin galibi suna yin hulɗa tare da membobin da aka dakatar, kamar yadda ake iya gani a ''Amurka v.'' ''Merriam'', 108 F.3d 1162. === Ayyukan da aka tsara: === {| class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;" | class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;" |Sashe na [[:Category:Labor|<span style="color:white">jerin</span>]] akan |- ! class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#CD5C5C;color:white;padding-bottom:0.3em;" | [[Portal:Organized Labour|<span style="color:white">Ayyukan da aka tsara</span>]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |</img> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor movement|Motsi na aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Timeline of labor issues and events|Tsarin lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[New unionism|Sabon haɗin kai]] * [[Proletariat]] </div> * [[Social movement unionism|Social motsi unionism]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Social democracy|Dimokuradiyyar zamantakewa]] * [[Democratic socialism|Socialism]] * [[Socialism]] * [[Syndicalism]] </div> * [[Anarcho-syndicalism]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> [[Labor rights|Hakkin aiki]] </div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Freedom of association|'Yancin ƙungiyoyi]] * [[Collective bargaining|ciniki gama gari]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Child labour|Aikin yara]] * [[Unfree labour|Aiki mara kyauta]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Equal pay for equal work|Daidai biya]] * [[Employment discrimination|Nuna aikin yi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Legal working age|Shekarun aiki na doka]] * [[Four-day week|Makon kwana hudu]] * [[Eight-hour day|Ranar awa takwas]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Annual leave|hutun shekara]] * [[Paid time off|Lokacin biya]] * [[Sick leave|Barcin rashin lafiya]] * [[Minimum wage|Mafi ƙarancin albashi]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Occupational safety and health|Amintaccen aiki da lafiya]] * [[Employment protection legislation|Kariyar aikin yi]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Trade union|Kungiyoyin kwadago]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago ta kasa]] * [[List of federations of trade unions|Kungiyoyin kwadago]] * [[International comparisons of trade unions|Kwatancen duniya]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[International Trade Union Confederation|ITUC]] * [[IWA–AIT|IWA]] * [[World Federation of Trade Unions|WFTU]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[Strike action|Yajin aiki]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[List of strikes|Jerin yajin aiki na lokaci-lokaci]] * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[General strike|Yajin aikin gama-gari]] * [[Secondary action|Mataki na biyu]] * [[Overtime ban|Haramcin karin lokaci]] </div> * <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Sitdown strike|Yajin aiki]] * [[Work-to-rule|Aiki-zuwa-mulki]] * [[Lockout (industry)|Kulle]] </div> </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;">[[List of Labour parties|Jam'iyyun Labour]]</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"> * [[Australian Labor Party|Ostiraliya]] * [[Barbados Labour Party|Barbados]] * [[Brazilian Labour Party (current)|Brazil]] * [[Fiji Labour Party|Fiji]] * [[Georgian Labour Party|Jojiya]] * [[Labour Party (Hong Kong)|Hong Kong]] * [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Ireland]] * [[Israeli Labor Party|Isra'ila]] * [[Labour Party (Malta)|Malta]] * [[Labour Party (New Caledonia)|New Caledonia]] * [[New Zealand Labour Party|New Zealand]] * [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|Netherlands]] * [[Labour Party (Norway)|Norway]] * [[Portuguese Labour Party|Portugal]] * [[Workers' Party (Singapore)|Singapore]] * [[Labor Party (South Korea)|Koriya ta Kudu]] * [[Labour Party (UK)|Ƙasar Ingila]] </div></div></div> |- | class="sidebar-content" |<div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;"> Dabarun ilimi</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> * [[Industrial relations|Alakar masana'antu]] * [[Labour economics|Ilimin tattalin arziki]] * [[Labor history (discipline)|Tarihin aiki]] * [[Labour law|Dokar aiki]] </div></div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} An yi adawa da ƙungiyar ƙwadago a cikin ƙarni na 19, tare da ko da ƙasashe masu sassaucin ra'ayi irin su Burtaniya sun haramta ta na lokuta daban-daban (a cikin yanayin Burtaniya, tsakanin 1820 zuwa 1824). A cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa, 'yancin haɗin gwiwa wani hakki ne da aka gano a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin ƙwadago na duniya a matsayin haƙƙin ma'aikata don tsarawa da yin ciniki tare . 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa, a wannan ma'ana, an amince da shi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ta wasu takardu da suka haɗa da [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam]] ta Duniya da Yarjejeniyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Duniya C87 da Yarjejeniyar C98 biyu na asali takwas, ainihin ma'auni na aiki na duniya. 'Yancin haɗin gwiwa' kuma na iya komawa ga haramcin doka kan kwangiloli masu zaman kansu da aka yi shawarwari tsakanin ma'aikaci mai zaman kansa da ma'aikatansu da ke buƙatar ma'aikata a wani wurin aiki su shiga ƙungiyar a matsayin wa'adi da yanayin aiki. Magoya bayan wannan nau'in 'yanci na ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu suna da'awar cewa 'yancin shiga ƙungiya ya ƙunshi 'yancin shiga ƙungiyar. A [[Tarayyar Amurka|kasar Amirka]]<nowiki/>kalmar 'yancin yin aiki' ta fi zama ruwan dare ga irin wannan doka. "Kotun ƙoli a yau (1-21-1997) ta taƙaita ikon masu shirya kungiyoyin kwadago na shiga kadarorin ma’aikata don rarraba littattafai ko kuma bukaci ma’aikata su shiga ƙungiyar. A cikin ra'ayi 6 zuwa 3 da Mai Shari'a Clarence Thomas ya rubuta, Kotun ta ce Hukumar Kula da Kwadago ta kasa ta kasa ba da cikakkiyar kariya ga 'yancin mallakar ma'aikata lokacin da ta amince da wata doka shekaru hudu da suka gabata wanda ya bai wa masu shirya ƙungiyoyin damar shiga yankuna. kamar wuraren ajiye motoci na wuraren kasuwanci ko masana'antu." -New York Times.<ref>"The Italian Constitution" (PDF). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived from the original on 2016-11-27.</ref> == Ka'ida == === Dimokaraɗiyya da jama'a === Jeremy McBride ya ce mutunta 'yancin yin tarayya daga dukkan hukumomin gwamnati da kuma yin amfani da wannan 'yancin daga kowane bangare na al'umma yana da muhimmanci duka biyu don tabbatar da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|dimokaraɗiyya]] ta gaskiya da kuma tabbatar da cewa, da zarar an samu, ta kasance "lafiya da bunƙasa." Dangane da haka yana kallon kafa jam'iyyun siyasa a matsayin wata muhimmiyar alama ta 'yancin walwala. 'Yancin ƙungiyoyi ba wai kawai ana amfani da su ta hanyar siyasa ba, har ma don buƙatu iri-iri - kamar al'adu, nishaɗi, wasanni da zamantakewa da taimakon jin kai. Jeremy McBride yayi ikirarin cewa kafa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ( NGOs ), wanda ya daidaita da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shine "'ya 'yan itace na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa." <ref name="Association1">Jeremy McBride, Freedom of Association, The Essentials of Human Rights, Hodder Arnold, London, 2005, p. 18</ref> === Sassaucin ra'ayi === Masu 'yancin walwala sun yi imanin cewa yayin da 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ya haɗa da 'yancin ma'aikata su shirya a matsayin ƙungiyoyi da kuma janye aikin su amma sun amince da 'yancin ma'aikaci don maye gurbin wannan aiki. Sun kuma yi imanin cewa idan ƙungiyoyi suka yi amfani da dabarun tilastawa ko tashin hankali, irin waɗannan halayen za su kasance da cin zarafi na haƙƙoƙin mutum ɗaya da haƙƙin mallaka. Wasu masu sukar ƙungiyar sun yi zargin cewa ana yawan samun irin wannan keta haddi na ƙungiyar. ==== Manazarta ==== [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dn93ltj4cqkooy8vw7zdv8skfykdd2n 0 30363 915661 640466 2026-09-03T17:21:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915661 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Anita Erskine in an interview on Citi TV.jpg|thumb|anita erskine]] [[Fayil:Anita Erskine 01.jpg|thumb|anita erskine]] [[Fayil:Anita Erskine.jpg|thumb|marian anita]] '''Anita Erskine''' (an haife ta Vered - Marian Anita Erskine; 3 Disamba 1978) mai magana da yare biyu (Ingilishi da Faransanci) mai watsa shirye-shiryen Ghana ce, kwararriyar kwararriya, mai gabatar da jawabi, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai ba da shawara kan ilimin 'yan mata. Ita ce Babbar Furodusa kuma mai masaukin baki ''Sheroes of Our Time'', wanda ke fitowa a Akwaaba Magic a tashar DSTV. Ita ce kuma mai masaukin baki kuma mai ba da shawara na 2020 edition na Africa Netpreneur Prize Initiative (shirin samar da taimakon agaji na gidauniyar Jack Ma a Afirka).''<ref name="npi">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Anita-Erskine-appointed-host-of-Africa-Netpreneur-Prize-Initiative-2020-910339|title=Anita Erskine appointed host of Africa Netpreneur Prize Initiative 2020|website=ghanaweb.com|date=1 April 2020|accessdate=24 March 2021|author=Brand Woman Africa}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb1">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Anita-Erskine-3866|title=Anita Erskine|website=ghanaweb.com|date=23 July 2020|accessdate=24 March 2021|author=ghanaweb media|archive-date=3 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203155511/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Anita-Erskine-3866|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanatrade.gov.gh/Latest-News/anita-erskine-to-host-viasat-1s-the-one-show.html|title=Anita Erskine to host Viasat 1′s 'The One Show'|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084218/http://www.ghanatrade.gov.gh/Latest-News/anita-erskine-to-host-viasat-1s-the-one-show.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="specta">{{cite web|url=http://www.spectator.com.gh/i-wont-be-carried-away-%E2%80%A2-anita-erskine-discusses-career-prospects-her-move-to-starr-fm/|title=I won't be carried away! • Anita Erskine discusses career prospects & her move to Starr FM|publisher=The Spectator|date=25 April 2015|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010134821/http://www.spectator.com.gh/i-wont-be-carried-away-%E2%80%A2-anita-erskine-discusses-career-prospects-her-move-to-starr-fm/|archive-date=10 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ghanaweb2">{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Anita-Erskine-is-new-face-of-Tales-from-the-Powder-Room-597889|title=Anita Erskine is new face of 'Tales from the Powder Room'|website=ghanaweb.com|date=7 November 2017|accessdate=24 March 2021|author=ghanaweb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/KKD-Anita-Erskine-to-host-Miss-Ghana-finals-255653|title=KKD & Anita Erskine to host Miss Ghana finals|date=7 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Sarkordie-flirts-with-Anita-Erskine-359228|title=Sarkordie 'flirts' with Anita Erskine|date=22 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/How-Anita-Erskine-is-about-to-get-the-world-s-attention-486330|title=How Anita Erskine is about to get the world's attention|date=13 November 2016}}</ref>'' == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Anita a birnin Kudus na kasar Isra'ila ga tsohon sojan Ghana kuma 'yar siyasa, Laftanar Janar Emmanuel Erskine da Rose Anastasia Erskine. Ta girma a Ghana kuma a ƙarshen samari ta koma Kanada.''<ref name="specta" />''<ref name="wife">{{cite web|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/8832-lebanese-president-sleiman-honours-two-retired-military-officers.html|title=Lebanese President Sleiman honours two retired military officers|date=18 March 2013|accessdate=9 January 2016|author=Darfah Frimpong, Enoch|website=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Graphic]]}}</ref> Anita tana da digiri na farko na Arts a cikin Nazarin Al'adu daga Jami'ar Trent.''<ref name="specta" />'' === Ilimi === [[File:Anita Erskine 01.jpg|thumb|Anita Erskine]] Ta yi karatun Firamare a Christ the King International School da Sakandarenta a Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Ghana. Erskine yana da digiri na farko a cikin Nazarin Al'adu daga Jami'ar Trent a Peterborough, Ontario Canada. == Aiki == Fitowar shirin talabijin na farko da Anita ta yi a gidan Talabijin na Ghana shine a shekarar 1998 lokacin da ta dauki nauyin Bakwai da Kyawun Maganar Omnibus a tashar talabijin ta Metro. A Kanada ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gudanarwa sannan kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo a FLOW 93.5 a Toronto. A 2006, ta zama mai masaukin baki na ''TV3's Mentor''.<ref name="wow">{{cite web|url=http://graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/4318-anita-erskine-if-only-she-could-make-time-for-acting.html|title=Anita Erskine: If only she could make time for acting|website=Daily Graphic (Ghana)|date=15 August 2013|accessdate=9 January 2016|author=Darfah Frimpong, Enoch}}</ref> Bayan da aka duba ta a shekarar 2007, ta zama wakiliyar Ghana a gidan rediyon MNET na Studio 53. Daga baya a shekarar 2009, a lokacin da take hutun haihuwa, ta fara aiki a Viasat 1 a Ghana a matsayin jagorar shirya shirye-shiryen gidan rediyon. Bayan fitowarta daga Viasat 1 da Modern African Productions, ta zama mai masaukin baki na Ifactory Live's Pamper Your Mum, Cooking With and Making of a Mogul.<ref name="grap2">{{cite web|url=http://graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/4318-anita-erskine-if-only-she-could-make-time-for-acting.html|title=Anita Erskine: If only she could make time for acting|website=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Graphic]]|date=15 August 2013|accessdate=9 January 2016|author=Darfah Frimpong, Enoch}}</ref><ref name="dstv">{{cite web|url=http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/11/02/interview-anita/|title=Anita: the hardest working girl on TV|date=2 November 2012|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127113011/http://africamagic.dstv.com/2012/11/02/interview-anita/|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ghanasoccernet.com/efya-anita-erskine-for-movie/|title=Efya, Anita Erskine For Movie|date=7 May 2012|accessdate=9 January 2016}}</ref><ref>https://ameyawdebrah.com/anita-erskine-gets-the-stars-cooking-on-new-show-on-africamagic/</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/anita-erskine-confirmed-as-new-host-of-the-one-show/|title=Anita Erskine confirmed as new host of the One Show|date=10 July 2014}}</ref> Tsakanin 2007 zuwa farkon 2009, Anita ita ce Daraktan Sadarwa na Kamfanin Tigo (mallakar Millicom), tana taka rawa a Ghana da Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=26808|title=ACCRA :Tigo moves to help humanity|publisher=[[Ghana News Agency]]|accessdate=9 January 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125023543/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/news/?read=26808|archivedate=25 January 2016}}</ref><ref name="hoc">{{cite web|url=http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200907/32734.php|title=Tigo: We released confidential info to police|publisher=myjoyonline|date=15 August 2009|accessdate=9 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127043904/http://edition.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/200907/32734.php|archive-date=27 January 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta dawo zuwa Viasat 1 zuwa "The One Show" a cikin 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/tv-radio/anita-erskine-returns-with-the-one-show-on-viasat-1.html|title=Anita Erskine returns with the One Show on Viasat 1}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, ta kuma karbi bakuncin +233 Discovery wanda ƙungiyar Discovery Learning Alliance ta haɓaka - yanzu Impact Ed International.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/anita-erskine-bounces-back-with-discovery-233/|title=Anita Erskine bounces back with DISCOVERY +233|date=7 July 2015}}</ref><ref>http://www.impacted.org/stories/why-i-empower-girls-by-anita-erskine/ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/city-people-awards-names-anita-erskine-as-best-tv-hostess/|title=City People Awards names Anita Erskine as best TV Hostess {{!}} News Ghana}}</ref> A cikin 2015, ta zama mai masaukin baki ga Accra - tushen Starr FM's "Starr Drive" tare da Bola Ray sannan tare da Giovanni Caleb. Ta yi murabus daga kungiyar a watan Nuwamba 2017 don mai da hankali kan gina kamfanin bayar da shawarwari da samarwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/money-not-motivation-anita-erskine.html|first1=Kofi|last1=Duah|first2=Jayne|last2=Buckman-Owoo|title=Money not my motivation - Anita Erskine|date=21 March 2019|website=[[Daily Graphic (Ghana)|Graphic]]|access-date=2019-03-23}}</ref> Ta kafa Consultancy Communications Consultancy, Anita Erskine Media a watan Yuni 2016 kuma ta gina wani reshe daya mai suna Bosslady Productions. == Kyaututtuka == * Mata 100 da suka fi kowa tasiri a Afirka<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.100women.avancemedia.org/anitaerskine/|title=100Women &#124; Avance Media &#124; Anita Erskine|access-date=2022-03-18|archive-date=2021-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728203545/https://100women.avancemedia.org/ANITAERSKINE/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mata 100 da suka fi burgewa a Ghana<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/|title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Glitz Africa Magazine|access-date=2022-03-18|archive-date=2022-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929183615/https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mutane 100 Mafi Tasiri A Ghana<ref>http://www.thosewhoinspire.com</ref> * POWER INFLUENCER: Wanene a Ghana<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.whoswhoghana.com/ghanas-power-influencers/anita-erskine/|title=Anita Erskine - Ghana's Power Influencers|access-date=2022-03-18|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621230125/https://whoswhoghana.com/ghanas-power-influencers/anita-erskine/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Halayyar Rediyo da Talabijan (RTP) - Mai Gabatar da Gidan Rediyon Na Shekarar (2017)<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/rtp-awards-2017-nana-aba-anamoah-afia-schwarzenegger-win-full-list-of-winners-id7526237.html#top|title=RTP Awards 2017: Nana Aba Anamoah, Afia Schwarzenegger win + full list of winners|last=Arthur|first=Portia|access-date=2017-11-01|language=en-US|archive-date=2017-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031033606/http://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/rtp-awards-2017-nana-aba-anamoah-afia-schwarzenegger-win-full-list-of-winners-id7526237.html#top|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Babban Gudunmawa Ga Ƙarfafa Mata - 40 a ƙarƙashin 40 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.40under40awards.com.gh/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2022-03-18 |archive-date=2023-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101035615/http://www.40under40awards.com.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mai Kare Kyautar Haƙƙin Mata da Yara -Tattaunawar Al'adun Matan Afirka 2017 * Mata Ma'anar Karramawar Kasuwanci - Gwargwadon Kyautar Kyauta - 2016 * Mai watsa shiri TV na Shekara - City People Awards - 2015 * Mai watsa shiri na Nishaɗi na Mata na TV na shekarar 2014 - Radiyo da Halin TV (RTP) * Jaruma Mafi Taimakawa - Kyautar Fina-Finan Ghana 2012 * Mafi kyawun Jaruma- Kyautar Fina-Finan Ghana 2013 * Jaruma Mafi Taimakawa - Ghana Movie Awards 2014 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] tqjh9dr5rg5i7c6pdtd8bop8woqd6r8 0 32428 915934 516147 2026-09-04T03:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bikin Kuure''' wani biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da al'ummar Zaare da ke yankin Gabas ta Gabas na kasar Ghana wadanda akasari masu sana'ar sana'a ne. Akan yi bikin ne a watannin Janairu da Fabrairu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kuure Festival – FIANDAD GHANA LIMITED|url=https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/kuure-festival/|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112902/https://www.fiandadghanalimited.com/kuure-festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival {{!}} The Embassy of the Republic of Ghana, Berlin, Germany|url=https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074601/https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Biki == A lokacin biki, ana yin sadaukarwa sannan a yi raye-raye da buge-buge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Republic of Ghana Embassy Berlin Germany|url=http://h2829516.stratoserver.net/tourism/index.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=h2829516.stratoserver.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Goldstar Air {{!}} Tour Packages Upper East Region|url=https://flygoldstar.com/tour-packages-uppereast-region.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=flygoldstar.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Muhimmanci == An yi bikin ne da alamar 'Kuure' wanda ke nufin fartanya a harshen Gurune. Fartanya ita ce babbar kayan aikin noma a cikin al’ummarsu wanda hakan ke nufin ita ce rayuwarsu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boateng|first=Kwabena|date=2015-09-12|title=List of festivals in Ghana|url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/list-of-festivals-in-ghana/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=GhanaCulturePolitics|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120100250/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/list-of-festivals-in-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Upper East Region - ghanagrio.com|url=https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|access-date=2020-08-21|website=ghananation.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112323/https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 55x3uccsropdgj8ae1ng006adhx2phn 0 32577 915935 516152 2026-09-04T04:02:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bikin Tengana''' biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da mutanen yankin [[gargajiya]] na Tongo ke yi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Festivals – Tour Ghana|url=https://tourghana.com/ghana-festivals/|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-24|title=Festivals in Ghana|url=https://touringghana.com/festivals/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=touringghana.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi Balungu, Winkongo da Pwalugu a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festivals – Slutchtours|url=http://www.slutchtours.com/?page_id=21|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118192700/http://www.slutchtours.com/?page_id=21|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Festivals|url=http://ghanakey.com/ghana-festivals.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=ghanakey.com|archive-date=2021-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803094653/http://ghanakey.com/ghana-festivals.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hakanan bikin Talensis ne.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival {{!}} The Embassy of the Republic of Ghana, Berlin, Germany|url=https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|access-date=2020-08-21|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813074601/https://ghanaemberlin.de/travel-tourism/festival/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Upper East Region - ghanagrio.com|url=https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|access-date=2020-08-21|website=ghananation.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809112323/https://ghananation.com/tourism/The-Upper-East-Region.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ana yin bikin ne a watan [[Janairu|Janairu.]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Boateng|first=Kwabena|date=2015-09-12|title=List of festivals in Ghana|url=http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/list-of-festivals-in-ghana/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=GhanaCulturePolitics|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120100250/http://ghanaculturepolitics.com/list-of-festivals-in-ghana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Biki == A lokacin bikin, ana yin kade-kade da raye-rayen gargajiya yayin da kuma ana yin nishadi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Goldstar Air {{!}} Tour Packages Upper East Region|url=https://flygoldstar.com/tour-packages-uppereast-region.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=flygoldstar.com}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Republic of Ghana Embassy Berlin Germany|url=http://h2829516.stratoserver.net/tourism/index.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=h2829516.stratoserver.net}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Wannan bikin bikin godiya ne.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-02-24|title=Upper West Region|url=https://touringghana.com/upper-west-region/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=touringghana.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == a1utrftdqj25a1tjj77h3k8nlyivpip 0 36455 915725 657066 2026-09-03T19:07:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:APAPA AMUSEMENT PARK ENTRANCE GATE.jpg|thumb|Apapa Amusement Park]] '''Apapa Amusement Park''' wurin shakatawa ne na nishaɗi a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], [[Najeriya]].<ref>Jimoh Babatunde (February 14, 2016). "The re-birth of [[Apapa Amusement Park]]". The Vanguard. Retrieved June 18, 2016.</ref> An gina wurin shakatawa a cikin shekarar 2008 kuma ya kai wani yanki mai girman eka 7.7.<ref>"[[Apapa Amusement Park]] opens". The Nation. February 6, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.</ref> An sake buɗe wurin shakatawa bayan rufewar shekaru uku kuma an gama gyarawa a cikin shekarar 2015.<ref>Ikechukwu Onyewuchi (October 25, 2015). "Apapa: Sad Tales Of A Lost Paradise". Retrieved June 18, 2016.</ref> Anan an haɗa [https://realestateko.com/apapa-amusement-park/#Games_offered_at_the_park jerin wasannin da aka bayar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910114834/https://realestateko.com/apapa-amusement-park/#Games_offered_at_the_park |date=2022-09-10 }} a Wurin Nishaɗi.<ref>"Hundreds of revelers besiege [[Apapa Amusement Park]] as it reopens". News Agency of [[Nigeria]]. Archived from the original on June 29, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Coord|6.443771450152447|3.366500390553664}} [[Category: Wuraren Shakatawa]] 9d7j8ests944mtlwci8rt2jri51lq7g 0 36751 915954 867772 2026-09-04T07:53:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915954 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Antônio Cândido da Rocha.png|thumb|candido da rocha]] '''Candido Joao Da Rocha''' ( 1860 - Maris 11, 1959) <ref>"Da Rocha: Inside the home of Nigeria's first millionaire", www.africareporters.com. </ref> dan kasuwan Najeriya ne, wanda ya mallaki filaye kuma mai bada bashi wanda ya mallaki Gidan Ruwa a Titin Kakawa, [[Lagos Island|Tsibirin]] Legas, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], kuma shi ne ya mallaki tsohuwar otel na Bonanza Hotel a Lagos. Ya rike '''sarautar Lodifi''' [[Masarautar Najeriya|na]] [[Ilesa]].<ref>JAMES BROOKE (March 26, 1987). "IN NIGERIA, TOUCHES OF BRAZILIAN STYLE". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2016.</ref><ref>Mann, K. (2007). Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126</ref><ref>A Chronicle of the Da Rocha Clan By Prof (Sir) J.T. da Rocha-Afodu, KSS, KSM". Catholic Herald Nigeria. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.</ref> == Tarihi == Da Rocha, dan asalin [[Ilesa|Ilesha]] ne, an haife shi ga dangin Joao Esan Da Rocha, [[Yan Brazil a Najeriya|tsohon bawa na Brazil]]; mahaifinsa na da shekaru 10 a duniya lokacin da aka kama shi a matsayin bawa a 1840 kuma an haifi Candido a yankin Bahia na Brazil. <ref>Mann, K. (2007). Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press. P. 126</ref><ref>A Chronicle of the Da Rocha Clan By Prof (Sir) J.T. da Rocha-Afodu, KSS, KSM". Catholic Herald Nigeria. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.</ref><ref>Falola, Toyin (2017). The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland [The Yoruba in Brazil, Brazilians in Yorubaland]. Carolina Academic Press. p. 85. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1531007706</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Meet Nigeria's first millionaire: Candido Da Rocha – CBS PLC Blog". Retrieved 2026-04-05.</ref> Candido ya halarci Makarantar [[Makarantar Nahawu ta CMS, Lagos|Grammar CMS, Legas]] inda ya kasance abokin aikin Isaac Oluwole da Herbert Macaulay . [[File:Darocha_Esan.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Darocha_Esan.jpg/220px-Darocha_Esan.jpg|thumb| Hagu ne Joao Esan kuma dama Candido yana yaro tare da mahaifiyarsa, Angelica]] Candido dan uwa ne ga Moses Da Rocha, daya daga cikin likitocin Najeriya na farko da kasashen yamma suka horar. Ya zauna a Water House dake kan titin Kakawa, Legas, gidan da mahaifinsa da ya gina. An yi bikin tunawa da gidan a cikin wallafe-wallafe ta wani labari, ''Gidan Ruwa'', wanda Antonio Olinto ya rubuta. Gidan yana da rijiyar burtsatse da bututun ruwa na farko a tsibirin Legas; an sayar da ruwa daga gidansa ga masu amfani da shi. Wasu sha'awar kasuwancinsa sun haɗa da gidan abinci mai suna The Restaurant Da Rocha <ref>Lagos Weekly Record (1897/10/30). Accessed from NewsBank/Readex, Database: World Newspaper Archive</ref> da Saliyo Deep Sea Fishing Industries Ltd. Ya hada kai da ’yan kasuwar Legas JH Doherty da Sedu Williams kan wata sana’ar ba da rance ta kudi da aka kafa da sunan bankin Legas. Ya kasance memba ne wanda ya kafa kungiyar Lagos auxiliary to Anti Slavery and Aborigines Right Society wanda James Johnson ya jagoranta kuma ya sami Samuel Pearse, [http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/PAST%20JUSTICES%20OF%20SUPREME%20COURT%20OF%20NIGERIA%201958-2006.pdf Hon.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715210725/http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/PAST%20JUSTICES%20OF%20SUPREME%20COURT%20OF%20NIGERIA%201958-2006.pdf |date=2022-07-15 }} [http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/PAST%20JUSTICES%20OF%20SUPREME%20COURT%20OF%20NIGERIA%201958-2006.pdf Justice Dahunsi Olugbemi Coker] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715210725/http://www.nigerianlawguru.com/information/PAST%20JUSTICES%20OF%20SUPREME%20COURT%20OF%20NIGERIA%201958-2006.pdf |date=2022-07-15 }} da Sapara Williams a matsayin mambobi. <ref>Nigerian Chronicle. (1910/09/02). The Nigerian Chronicle, 'News of the Week', P.2. Accessed from (NewsBank/Readex, Database: World Newspaper Archive</ref> Da Rocha ya rasu a shekarar 1959 kuma an binne shi a makabartar [[Makabartar Ikoyi|Ikoyi]]. Daga cikin 'ya'yansa akwai Alexander Da Rocha, Adenike Afodu, Angelica Folashade Thomas kuma Louissa Turton. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1959]] == Tarihi == Da Rocha, ɗan kabilar [[Ijesha]] ne, an haife shi a cikin iyalan Joao Esan Da Rocha; mahaifinsa yana da shekaru 10 lokacin da aka kama shi a matsayin bawa a cikin kimanin alif ɗari takwas da arbain 1840 kuma an haifi Candido a yankin Bahia na Brazil. Candido ya halarci [[Makarantar Nahawu ta CMS, Lagos|CMS Grammar School, Legas]] inda ya kasance ua ƙulla alaƙa ta hanyar zama abokin aikin Isaac Oluwole da [[Herbert Macaulay]] . <ref name="Catholic-Herald">{{Cite web |title=A Chronicle of the Da Rocha Clan By Prof (Sir) J.T. da Rocha-Afodu, KSS, KSM |url=http://catholicherald.com.ng/2017/04/20/a-chronicle-of-the-da-rocha-clan-by-prof-sir-j-t-da-rocha-afodu-kss-ksm/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708185126/http://catholicherald.com.ng/2017/04/20/a-chronicle-of-the-da-rocha-clan-by-prof-sir-j-t-da-rocha-afodu-kss-ksm/ |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=8 July 2017 |website=Catholic Herald Nigeria}}</ref> [[File:Darocha_Esan.jpg|thumb|Hagu shine Joao Esan kuma dama shine Candido tun yana yaro tare da mahaifiyarsa, Angelica]] Candido ɗan'uwan [[Moses Da Rocha|Musa Da Rocha]] ne, ɗaya daga cikin likitocin Najeriya na farko da aka horar da su a Yamma. Ya zauna a gidan ruwa dake kan titin Kakawa, Legas, gidan da mahaifinsa ya gina. An tuna da gidan a cikin wallafe-wallafe ta hanyar wani labari, The Water House, wanda Antonio Olinto ya rubuta. Gidan yana da rami da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ta farko a tsibirin Legas; an sayar da ruwa daga gidansa ga masu amfani. Wasu daga cikin sha'awar kasuwancinsa sun haɗa da gidan cin abinci da ake kira The Restaurant Da Rocha da Sierra Leone Deep Sea Fishing Industries Ltd. Ya yi aiki tare da 'yan kasuwa na Legas J. H. Doherty da Sedu Williams a kan kasuwancin ba da rancen kuɗi da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin sunan Bankin Legas. Ya kasance memba na kafa na Legas mataimakin Anti Slavery and Aborigines Right Society wanda [[James Johnson]] ya jagoranta kuma yana da [[Samuel Herbert Pearse|Samuel Pearse]], Hon. Justice Dahunsi Olugbemi Coker da [[Christopher Sapara Williams|Sapara Williams]] a matsayin mambobi. Da Rocha ya rasu a shekarar alif ɗari tara da hamsin fa tara 1959 <ref name="Catholic-Herald"/> kuma an binne shi a [[Maƙabartar Ikoyi|makabartar Ikoyi]] . <ref name="Island-NNP">{{Cite web |last=Elegbeleye |first=Sam Olusegun |title=All Hail Candido Da Rocha |url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/nigeriannostalgiaproject/permalink/685383358169116/ |access-date=4 February 2016 |website=The Nigeria Nostalgia Project 1960-1980}}</ref>Daga cikin 'ya'yansa akwai Alexander Da Rocha, Adenike Afodu, Angelica Folashade Thomas da Louissa Turton. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2019 |title=Supreme Court of Nigeria - Princess Legal World Law Books in Lagos |url=https://princesslegalworld.com/supreme-court-of-nigeria/ |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=princesslegalworld.com |language=en-US}}</ref>Jikokansa sun haɗa da masanin ilimi Abimbola Omololu-Mulele . l1vncapuxhy1u4tb6x7mhzf7s1spfmw 0 38811 916058 578694 2026-09-04T11:42:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916058 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christian Kwabena Asante''' ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma memba na majalisar farko na jamhuriya ta huɗu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Bia a ƙarƙashin mambobi na National Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|access-date=2020-10-18|website=www.ghanamps.com|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144702/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of Parliament of Greater Accra Region|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/members_parliament.php|access-date=2020-10-18|website=www.ghanaweb.com|archive-date=2020-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621050058/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/members_parliament.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Christian Kwabena Asante a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1940. Ya yi karatu a Kwalejin Horar da Gwamnati inda ya samu digirin sa na GCE. Yayi aiki a matsayin malami kafin ya tafi majalisa. == Siyasa == Asante ya fara siyasa ne a shekarar 1992 lokacin da ya zama dan takarar majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar NDC don wakiltar mazabar Asokwa ta Gabas kafin a fara zaben 'yan majalisar dokokin Ghana na 1992.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=|first=|title=Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992-1996|publisher=Ghana Publishing Corporation|year=1993|isbn=|location=|pages=91}}</ref> An zabe shi a matsayin majalisar farko ta jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1993 bayan an bayyana shi a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara a zaben Ghana na 1992 da aka gudanar a ranar 29 ga Disamba 1992. An sake zabe Asante a cikin majalisar dokoki ta 2 na jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana a shekarar 1996. Babban zaben Ghana a kan tikitin jam'iyyar Democratic Congress.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament - Western Region Election 1996 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/western/index.php|access-date=2020-10-18|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116153702/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/western/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya doke Benjamin Armah na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ta hanyar samun kashi 51.60% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada wanda ya yi daidai da kuri'u 37,250. Michael Coffie Boampong na NDC ne ya gaje shi. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] o11vwwy6ykwlw7aedyj3znt6vvido2m 0 38908 916025 648223 2026-09-04T10:16:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Konadu-Yiadom''' dan siyasa ne na kasar Ghana kuma dan majalisar dokoki ta bakwai a jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu mai wakiltar mazabar Nkoranza ta kudu a yankin Bono gabas a kan tikitin New Patriotic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=186|title=Parliament of Ghana|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2022-11-18|archive-date=2023-04-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426011349/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=186|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Konadu-Yiadom a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1968 kuma ya fito daga Nkoranza a yankin Bono Gabas na Ghana. Ya sami Diploma a fannin Dimokuradiyya, Gudanar da Mulki, Jagoranci da Ci Gaba a Jami'ar Ghana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Charles Konadu-Yiadom, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Charles-Konadu-Yiadom-2365|access-date=2022-11-18|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Konadu-Yiadom, Charles|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/konadu-yiadom-charles/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> == Aiki == Konadu-Yiadom shine Darakta a Brite Life Microfinance.<ref name=":0" /> == Siyasa == Konadu-Yiadom dan sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa ne. Ya kasance dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Nkoranza ta kudu daga 2017 zuwa 2021.<ref name=":1" /> === Zaben 2016 === A babban zaben kasar Ghana na 2016, ya lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin kasar da kuri'u 22,300 da ya samu kashi 50.7% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum ya samu kuri'u 21,315 wanda ya samu kashi 48.5% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, Dan takarar majalisar dokokin jam'iyyar PPP Emmanuel Osei Antwi ya samu kuri'u 227 wanda ya zama kashi 0.5% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisar dokokin CPP Justice Baah Mathusalah ya samu kuri'u 100 wanda ya zama kashi 0.2% na kuri'un da aka kada, 'yar takarar majalisar PNC Florence Ampur ta samu kuri'u 25 da ya samu kashi 0.1% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Nkoranza South Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/bonoeast/nkoranza_south/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118095304/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/bonoeast/nkoranza_south/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Zaben 2020 === A babban zaben Ghana na 2020, ya sha kaye a hannun dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar NDC Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Coverghana.com.gh|date=2020-12-08|title=Top incumbent NPP MPs who lost the December 2020 Parliamentary Election|url=https://coverghana.com.gh/top-incumbent-npp-mps-who-lost-the-december-2020-parliamentary-election/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Coverghana.com.gh|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923035123/https://coverghana.com.gh/top-incumbent-npp-mps-who-lost-the-december-2020-parliamentary-election/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Konadu-Yiadom ya samu kuri'u 22,219 wanda ya zama kashi 43.04% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da dan takarar majalisar dokokin kasar NDC Emmanuel Kwadwo Agyekum ya samu kuri'u 29,408 wanda ya samu kashi 56.96% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta PNC Florence Ampour ta samu kuri'u 0 da ya zama kashi 0% na jimillar kuri'un. jefa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nkoranza South – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/bono-east-region/nkoranza-south/|access-date=2022-11-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204130048/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/bono-east-region/nkoranza-south/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Konadu-Yiadom Kirista ne.<ref name=":1" /> == Tallafawa == A shekarar 2018, ya bayar da abinci ga ‘yan takarar BECE a mazabarsa a lokacin jarrabawar.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP feeds BECE candidates|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Reader/3362810-7dcf-469d-92|access-date=2022-11-18|website=GhanaDistricts.com}}</ref> Ya kuma ba da gudummawar tebura kusan 200 ga babbar makarantar fasaha ta Nkoranza.<ref>{{Cite web|title=MP Presents Desks To Nkoranza Technical School|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/858912/mp-presents-desks-to-nkoranza-technical-school.html|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> A cikin 2019, ya kuma ba da gudummawar kusan GHS 26,000.00 don tallafawa aikin gina rijiyar burtsatse ga babbar makarantar fasaha ta Nkoranza.<ref>{{Cite web|last=GNA|title=Nkoranza South MP supports construction of mechanised borehole for students {{!}} News Ghana|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/nkoranza-south-mp-supports-construction-of-mechanised-borehole-for-students/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=https://newsghana.com.gh|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rigima == A watan Nuwamba 2017, an yi zargin Konadu-Yiadom ya harbi Diana Attaa Kissiwaa, shugabar karamar hukumar Nkoranza a lokacin a shafukan sada zumunta. Daga baya rundunar ‘yan sandan Ghana ta musanta wadannan zarge-zarge.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-28|title=Police Deny MP’s Shooting Story|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/police-deny-mps-shooting-story/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] j8twjwqdu5b9yre8apmb352qswz5zy4 0 39096 915713 578610 2026-09-03T18:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Boakye-Yadom''' ɗan siyasan Ghana ne. Shi ne dan majalisar da ya wakilci mazabar Amansie West a yankin Ashanti na Ghana a majalisar dokoki ta 2 na jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana tare da tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.ghanamps.com|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144702/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-09-28|title=Results - 1996 Parliamentary Elections|url=http://212.67.202.38/~gri/Elect/1996results.html|access-date=2020-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928085221/http://212.67.202.38/~gri/Elect/1996results.html|archive-date=2007-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2 June 1999|title=MP decries spate of Chieftaincy disputes|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/MP-decries-spate-of-Chieftaincy-disputes-7121|access-date=2020-10-07|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Siyasa == Anthony Boakye-Yadom ya fara harkar siyasa ne bayan ya tsaya takarar kujerar dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Amannsie ta yamma a babban zaben Ghana na shekarar 1996 kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. Ya karbi kujerar daga hannun Mista Kofi Amankwaa Peasah na National Democratic Congress bayan ya samu kuri'u 24,874 inda ya doke Kwaku Aninkora Sie na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress wanda ya samu kuri'u 11,789, Mista E.K.Berko na babban taron jama'a wanda ya samu kuri'u 11,789. Ya samu kuri'u 1,174 da Mista John Nimoh na jam'iyyar National Convention Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 1,160. Stephen Cobbinah Buor-Karikari na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party ne ya gaje shi a matsayin wanda ya lashe babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana HomePage, resource for News, Sports, Facts, Opinions, Business and Entertainment|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Asokwa West Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/237/index.php|access-date=2020-10-06|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2020-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009110805/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/237/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament - Ashanti Region Election 1996 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/ashanti/index.php|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2024-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127043305/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/ashanti/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament - Ashanti Region Election 2000 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/parliament/ashanti/index.php|access-date=2020-10-07|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121212455/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/parliament/ashanti/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Anthony Boakye-Yadom Kirista ne kuma shugaban Coci a Cocin Fentikos.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Church Leaders - pentproject|url=https://sites.google.com/site/pentprojector/our-pastors|access-date=2020-10-07|website=sites.google.com|archive-date=2020-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101135708/https://sites.google.com/site/pentprojector/our-pastors|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b3hs2oeigcgrtuwusnfupxnh93sor04 0 39099 915714 582284 2026-09-03T18:46:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Bright Boadi-Mensah''' ɗan siyasa ne na ƙasar Ghana. Ya wakilci mazabar Obuasi a yankin Ashanti a majalisa ta 2 da ta 3 ta jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu a matsayin dan majalisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - List of 2013 - 2017 (6th Parliament) MPs|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.ghanamps.com|archive-date=2020-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803144702/http://www.ghanamps.com/mps-by-year-group/index.php?group=2463|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Members of Parliament of Greater Accra Region|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/members_parliament.php|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.ghanaweb.com|archive-date=2020-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621050058/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/members_parliament.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siyasa == Anthony Bright Boadi-Mensah dan majalisa ne na 3 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana da aka zaba a babban zaben Ghana na shekara ta dubu biyu 2000. Ya kuma kasance dan majalisa na 2 da aka zaba a shekarar 1996 da kashi 47.70% na kason. A shekara ta 2004 ya rasa kujerarsa a hannun Edward Michael Ennin na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Parliament - Obuasi West Constituency Election 1996 Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/ashanti/32/index.php|access-date=2020-09-01|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128072438/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/parliament/ashanti/32/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Zabe == An fara zaben Mensah a matsayin dan majalisa a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party a lokacin babban zaben Ghana na watan Disamba 1996 na mazabar Obuasi a yankin Ashanti na Ghana. Ya samu kuri'u 44,721 daga cikin sahihin kuri'u 76,429 da aka kada wanda ke wakiltar kashi 47.70%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 1996 Results - Obuasi West Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/32/index.php|access-date=2020-10-03|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128072827/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/ashanti/32/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2000, Boadi-Mensah ya lashe babban zaɓe a matsayin ɗan majalisa na mazabar Obuasi na yankin Ashanti na Ghana. Ya yi nasara akan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|date=|title=Ghana Election 2000 Results - Obuasi Constituency|url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/ashanti/32/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023135740/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com:80/pages/2000/ashanti/32/|archive-date=2016-10-23|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2000-Parliamentary-Details.pdf|title=Electoral Commission of Ghana. Parliamentary Result- Election 2000|publisher=Electoral Commission of Ghana|year=2007|isbn=|location=Accra|pages=9|access-date=2022-11-21|archive-date=2020-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205332/https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2000-Parliamentary-Details.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mazabarsa wani bangare ne na kujerun majalisa 31 daga cikin kujeru 33 da Sabuwar Jam’iyyar Patriotic Party ta lashe a wancan zaben na yankin Ashanti. Sabuwar jam'iyyar kishin kasa ta samu rinjayen kujeru 99 na 'yan majalisa daga cikin kujeru 200.[8] An zabe shi da kuri'u 46,787 cikin 72,491 da aka jefa.Wannan yayi daidai da kashi 65.4% na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa. An zabe shi a kan Yaw Nsiah Peppah na National Democratic Congress, Sarfo Kantanka na Jam'iyyar Convention People's Party, Mohammed Nurudeen na People's National Convention, Abdulai Y. Issaku na United Ghana Movement da Douglas F. Agyemang na New Reformed Party. Wadannan sun samu kuri'u 18,011, 4,193, 1,636, 806 da 123 daga cikin jimillar kuri'u masu inganci da aka kada. Waɗannan sun yi daidai da 25.2%, 5.9%, 2.3%, 1.1% da 0.2% bi da bi na jimlar ingantattun ƙuri'un da aka jefa.<ref name=":62">{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|date=|title=Ghana Election 2000 Results - Obuasi Constituency|url=https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2000/ashanti/32/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023135740/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com:80/pages/2000/ashanti/32/|archive-date=2016-10-23|access-date=2020-09-02|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM}}</ref><ref name=":72">{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2000-Parliamentary-Details.pdf|title=Electoral Commission of Ghana. Parliamentary Result- Election 2000|publisher=Electoral Commission of Ghana|year=2007|isbn=|location=Accra|pages=9|access-date=2022-11-21|archive-date=2020-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018205332/https://ec.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/2000-Parliamentary-Details.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] mklitv9nkh8o3v0y17ac7gzvwsta7ag 0 42920 915756 851873 2026-09-03T20:13:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asha Djafari''' (An Haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan [[Yuli]] 1998)<ref name=SW>{{Soccerway|847574}}</ref> 'yar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ce 'yar ƙasar Burundi wacce ke taka leda a matsayin 'yar wasan tsakiya ga ƙungiyar [[Gasar Firimiya ta Matan Tanzaniya|ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Tanzaniya]] ta Simba Queens kuma ita ce kyaftin ta [[ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Burundi]].<ref name=GSA>{{GSA player|id=asha-djafari/531740|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{GSA player|asha-djafari/531740}} * https://simbasc.co.tz/player/asha-deafr/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419162607/https://simbasc.co.tz/player/asha-deafr/ |date=2024-04-19 }} * https://www.cafonline.com/womens-football/news/burundi-earn-maiden-wafcon-ticket-after-double-against-djibouti/ * https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/caf-womens-champions-league-cecafa-qualifiers-cbe-fc-thrash-fad-fc/ * https://www.cafonline.com/caf-champions-league/news/caf-women-s-champions-league-cecafa-qualifier-ikwaputs-five-star-show-powers-kampala-queens-to-big-win/ * https://lerenouveau.bi/football-le-burundi-a-balaye-le-djibouti-a-laller-6-1-aux-eliminatoires-de-la-can-feminine/ * https://panafricafootball.com/2022/11/06/caf-womens-champions-league-simba-queens-surprise-green-buffaloes-join-asfar-in-the-semifinals/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322080956/https://panafricafootball.com/2022/11/06/caf-womens-champions-league-simba-queens-surprise-green-buffaloes-join-asfar-in-the-semifinals/ |date=2024-03-22 }} * https://guardian.ng/sport/caf-womens-champions-league-bayelsa-queens-finish-third-after-beating-simba-queens/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322082413/https://guardian.ng/sport/caf-womens-champions-league-bayelsa-queens-finish-third-after-beating-simba-queens/ |date=2024-03-22 }} * https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/61981361 * https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/11/10/caf-champions-league-bayelsa-queens-fall-as-sundowns-ladies-as-far-qualify-for-final * https://www.gettyimages.dk/detail/news-photo/asha-djafari-of-simba-queens-in-action-against-bambanani-news-photo/1244641915{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://dailynews.co.tz/simba-queens-end-fountain-gates-unbeaten-run/ * https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/cbe-and-buja-queens-clinch-caf-womens-champions-league-semi-spots/ * https://rabsportsnews.com/caf-womens-champions-league-qualifiers-she-corporates-off-to-a-dream-start/ * https://cecafaonline.com/simba-queens-to-face-nigerian-team-for-third-place/ * https://herfootballhub.com/profligate-south-africa-beat-burundi-to-qualify-for-wafcon-quarterfinals/ * https://dailynews.co.tz/president-samia-lauds-simba-queens/ * https://www.the-star.co.ke/sports/football/2022-01-01-wanyonyis-move-from-nzoia-to-queens-in-controversy/ * https://www.alamy.com/buikwe-uganda-5th-june-2022-juliet-nalukenge-r-of-uganda-competes-against-asha-djafari-l-of-burundi-during-the-cecafa-council-for-east-and-central-africa-football-associations-womens-championships-cup-match-between-uganda-and-burundi-at-fufa-technical-center-at-njeru-in-buikwe-district-uganda-on-june-5-2022-credit-hajarah-nalwaddaxinhuaalamy-live-news-image471810468.html * https://chimpreports.com/caf-lady-doves-clinch-bronze-after-simba-queens-victory/ * https://thetouchlinesports.com/caf-wcl-zonal-qualifiers-she-corporate-and-simba-queens-with-wins-on-first-match-day/ * https://thetouchlinesports.com/caf-wcl-zonal-qualifiers-simba-queens-advance-to-the-semi-final-stage/ * https://www.goal.com/en-tza/news/wafcon-2022-berahino-home-village-credited-for-anchoring-burundi-football/bltc49d9d4e34009d15 * https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/nabbosa-scores-on-debut-against-ayiekohs-simba-queens/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322081002/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/nabbosa-scores-on-debut-against-ayiekohs-simba-queens/ |date=2024-03-22 }} == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1998]] 10e58k5ztuv692em75y4ni8ny2voplu 0 43156 915519 594177 2026-09-03T14:08:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amaju Melvin Pinnick''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Disambar 1970), manajan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Najeriya,<ref name="goal.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4082/editorial/2014/09/28/5118832/amaju-pinnick-the-making-of-a-football-technocrat |title=Amaju Pinnick: The making of a football technocrat |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=goal.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103120828/http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4082/editorial/2014/09/28/5118832/amaju-pinnick-the-making-of-a-football-technocrat |archive-date=3 January 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> wanda ya kasance shugaban hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya (NFF) daga shekarar 2014 zuwa ta 2022. An zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban NFF a watan Satumbar 2014 kuma aka sake zaɓe a ranar 20 ga watan Satumbar 2018. Ya kuma kasance mataimakin shugaban hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka CAF na farko daga watan Satumba na shekarar 2018 zuwa watan Yulin 2019, kuma memba a kwamitin shirya [[FIFA|gasar FIFA]] . == Aiki == === Hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya === Pinnick ya fara aikinsa a matsayin shugaban hukumar wasanni ta Delta a shekarar 2010. Daga baya, an nada shi shugaban hukumar kwallon kafa ta [[Delta (jiha)|jihar Delta]] a shekarar 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/02/21/injured-delta-fa-boss-to-be-flown-abroad/|title=Injured Delta FA Boss To Be Flown Abroad|date=21 February 2011|website=P.M. News|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415212643/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/02/21/injured-delta-fa-boss-to-be-flown-abroad/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/secrets-of-delta-states-leadership-in-sports-pinnick/|title=Secrets of Delta State's leadership in sports – Pinnick|last=alexsamade|date=18 May 2013|website=Vanguard News|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415214737/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/05/secrets-of-delta-states-leadership-in-sports-pinnick/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/warri-wolves-recall-suspended-vice-chairman/|title=Warri Wolves recall suspended Vice Chairman|date=17 June 2013|website=The Nation Nigeria|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415214737/https://thenationonlineng.net/warri-wolves-recall-suspended-vice-chairman/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>A ranar 30 ga watan Satumbar 2014 aka zabe shi shugaban hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/29416364|title=Pinnick elected Nigeria Football Federation president|date=30 September 2014|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416031937/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/29416364|archive-date=16 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2014/09/30/breaking-amaju-pinnick-elected-new-nff-president/|title=Amaju Pinnick elected new NFF President|last=Inyang|first=Ifreke|date=30 September 2014|website=Daily Post Nigeria|access-date=15 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415221731/https://dailypost.ng/2014/09/30/breaking-amaju-pinnick-elected-new-nff-president/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29416364 |title=Pinnick elected Nigeria Football Federation president |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=BBC Sport |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003052334/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29416364 |archive-date=3 October 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="naij">{{cite web |url=http://www.naij.com/tag/amaju-pinnick.html |title=Amaju Pinnick |access-date=29 May 2015 |work=naij |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414091948/https://www.naij.com/tag/amaju-pinnick.html |archive-date=14 April 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="goal.com"/> A ranar 20 ga watan Satumba, shekarar 2018, an sake zaɓar shi na tsawon shekaru huɗu a kan karagar mulki a NFF Elective Congress da aka gudanar a Katsina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/sport/amaju-pinnick-re-elected-nff-president/|title=Amaju Pinnick re-elected NFF president|work=The Guardian|access-date=20 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920172531/https://guardian.ng/sport/amaju-pinnick-re-elected-nff-president/|archive-date=20 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/breaking-amaju-pinnick-wins-nff-election/|title=Amaju Pinnick wins NFF election|website=Punch Newspapers|date=20 September 2018|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415203820/https://punchng.com/breaking-amaju-pinnick-wins-nff-election/|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/nff-elections-amaju-pinnick-returns-as-president-for-next-4-years/7l4cdzt|title=Amaju Pinnick returns as president for next 4 years|date=20 September 2018|website=pulse.ng|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416202758/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/nff-elections-amaju-pinnick-returns-as-president-for-next-4-years/7l4cdzt|archive-date=16 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45590099|title=Amaju Pinnick retains post as president of the Nigeria Football Federation|date=20 September 2018|access-date=16 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426175701/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45590099|archive-date=26 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>Gwamnatinsa ta samu nasarar amincewa da dokar hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya ta hannun [[Majalisar Najeriya|majalisar dokokin Najeriya]] a halin yanzu da ke jiran amincewar shugaban kasa [[Muhammadu Buhari]] ya zama doka. <ref>[https://www.brila.net/nigerian-senate-passes-nff-bill/ – Nigerian Senate passes NFF Bill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813184125/https://www.brila.net/nigerian-senate-passes-nff-bill/ |date=2022-08-13 }}.</ref> <ref>[https://punchng.com/senate-passes-nff-establishment-bill/ – Nigerian Senate passes NFF Establishment bill].</ref> Mutuwar ɗan wasan Remo Star FC ga 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, in ji Pinnick NFF za ta sake fasalin sakatariya, ta kawar da fargabar cutar korona NFF ta sake amincewa da abokan hulda, ta sabunta yarjejeniya da Simba Gernot Rohr dole ne ya karbi albashi a naira, ya zauna. a [[Najeriya]], in ji NFF NFF ta yi jimamin mamban zartarwa, Chidi Okenwa Football Brownhill Foundation yana ba da tallafi ga al'umma a cikin kulle-kullen NFF ta amince da Rohr, ya bayyana jinkirin yarjejeniyar Pinnick ya bayyana shawarar NFF tsaya tare da Rohr Shugaban NFF ya yi alƙawarin ƙarin goyon baya ga Super Falcons Pinnick ya sake jaddada ƙudurin ci gaban ƙwallon ƙafa, ya kuma jaddada ƙudurin tsayawa takara Babu ja da baya kan shirye-shiryen bunƙasa wasannin Najeriya, in ji Pinnick === FIFA, CAF, da AFCON === A ranar 19 ga watan Janairun 2017 Amaju Pinnick an nada shi mamba na kwamitin shirya [[FIFA|gasar FIFA]] . An kuma zaɓen shi a cikin kwamitin zartarwa na hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF) a ranar 16 ga Maris 2017. Daga bisani, a ranar 8 ga watan Mayun 2017 aka nada shi Shugaban AFCON . Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Afirka na farko a watan Satumba na shekarar 2018, ya maye gurbin Kwesi Nyantakyi . A ranar 19 ga Yuli, shekarar 2019, shugaban CAF Ahmad Ahmad ya yanke shawarar kin sake nada Pinnick a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko, wanda za a yi zabe duk bayan shekaru biyu, saboda bambance-bambancen mai da hankali da alkibla ga CAF. Pinnick ya yarda da shawarar kuma Constant Omari ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin magaji. Shi ne wanda ya lashe kyautar Jarida ta Rana (Nigeria) na shekarar 2016, da kuma a cikin shekarar 2018 wanda ya raba lambar yabo tare da Babban Kociyan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Najeriya]], Gernot Rohr . <ref>[https://hotsportstv.com/pinnick-rohr-win-accolades-sun-newspaper-awards/ – Pinnick Rohr win accolades Sun newspaper awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826092412/https://hotsportstv.com/pinnick-rohr-win-accolades-sun-newspaper-awards/ |date=2019-08-26 }}.</ref> '''Membobin Majalisar FIFA''' A ranar 12 ga watan Maris shekarar 2021, Amaju Pinnick ya sami kujera a hukumar ta FIFA mafi girman matakin yanke shawara a fagen kwallon kafa ta duniya bayan nasara da shugaban FA na [[Malawi]] Walter Nyamilandu, wanda ya kasance mai ci da kuri'u 43 zuwa 8 yayin gasar. An gudanar da babban taron CAF a Rabat, [[Moroko|Morocco]]. Shi ne dan Najeriya na uku da aka zaba a cikin babbar majalisa bayan Oyo Orok Oyo (1980-1988) da Amos Adamu (2006-2010). A baya dai Amaju Pinnick ya janye aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin hukumar kwallon kafa ta Afirka (CAF) bayan ya kifar da hamshakin attajirin Afrika ta Kudu, Patrice Motsepe. === Sokewar kotu === A ranar 8 ga watan Afrilun 2016 wata babbar kotun tarayya a [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]] ta soke zaben shugaban kasar NFF na 2014 wanda hakan ya biyo bayan karar da abokin karawarsa Chris Giwa ya shigar. Bayan hukuncin kotun, an bayyana Chris Giwa a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben halastaccen zabe amma a ranar 11 ga watan Afrilun 2016 [[FIFA|FIFA ta]] rubuta wa NFF cewa kotu na tsoma baki a harkokin hukumar kwallon kafa ta Najeriya kuma idan ba a soke hukuncin ba Najeriya za ta fuskanci hukuncin dakatarwa daga hukumar ta FIFA. A watan Yulin 2016 ne shugaban kasa [[Goodluck Jonathan]] ya roki Chris Giwa da ya janye karar, inda ya sanar da Amaju Pinnick shugaban NFF. == Manazarta == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] fanqrjqasg2afsz48s663fz0be04kks 0 43824 916060 694378 2026-09-04T11:53:48Z Hellonerdy 48398 Removed a word 916060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kunu making.jpg|thumb|kunu ]] '''Kunun Gyaɗa''' ya kasance abin sha ne a ƙasar Hausawa dake yawanci Arewacin [[Najeriya]], wanda ake hada shi da markadadiyar gyada da kuma [[shinkafa]]. Kunu ne mai dadin gaske da kauri kuma ana shan shine da zafi zafinsa. Kunun Gyada abinci ne na Arewacin Najeriya wanda aka yi da ɗanyen gyada da shinkafa. kamar yadda ake yin Akamu,<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Hadi== # [[Gyaɗa]] # Shinkafa # Ruwa (Sanyi da Zafi) # Tsamiya ko Lemun Tsami <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Aiki== 1. Ana bukatar Abin markade domin markada Gyadar da Shinkafa 2. Ana buƙatar Yadi ko mataci domin tacewa <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Yanda ake Hada Kunun Gyada== '''Kafin a Hada Kunun Gyada''' Ana bukatar da a jika shinkafar a ruwa a kalla awowi 8, Itama Gyadar tana bukatar a jika ta a ruwa na tsawon awowi 3, Sai a jika Tsamiyar itama a cikin ruwa mai dumi domin tayi laushi kuma ta narke sinadarin dake jikinta, Bayan an jika sai a markada gyadar da ruwa a tace madara, sai a markada shinkafar itamada ruwa daban a mazubi daban. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> '''Matakan Hadawa''' 1. A zuba madarar gyadar a cikin tukunya a fara dafawa da wuta matsakaiciya, a ringa juyawa da ludayi ko yar sanda ana motsawa sosae har karshen tukunyar idan ba haka ba zai yi kullutai a ciki. 2. Lokacin da ta tafasa, a hankali a zuba markadadar shinkafar anayi ana juya a hankali. 3. Idan ya kara tafasa sai a zuba wuran tsamiyar a ciki anayi ana juyawa. 4. A cigaba da juyawa har ya kara tafasa, sannan sai a zuba a sha cikin aminci. Ana iya shan kunun gyada mai zafi da kosai ko kuwa a sha shi shi kadai. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Amfani a Jiki== 1. Gyada na ƙara girman jikin mutum musamman yara domin yana dauke da sinadarin ‘Protein’. 2. Gyada na gyara fatar jikin mutum da hana saurin tsufa saboda kasancewar sinadarin ‘vitamin E’ a ciki. 3. Gyada na kare mutum daga kamuwa da cutar bugawar zuciya. 4. Gyada na dauke da sinadarin ‘vitamin B3’ wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana mutum mantuwa. 5. Gyada na gyra jiki kuma Tana na Kara kiba. <ref>https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2022/08/muhimmancin-cin-gyada-ga-lafiyar-jikin-dan-adam.html</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Hausawa]] 8vpxge8sbu9vl655b45zua6zu970a56 916062 916060 2026-09-04T11:54:21Z Hellonerdy 48398 /* */ 916062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kunu making.jpg|thumb|kunu ]] '''Kunun Gyaɗa''' ya kasance abin sha ne a ƙasar Hausawa dake Arewacin [[Najeriya]], wanda ake hada shi da markadadiyar gyada da kuma [[shinkafa]]. Kunu ne mai dadin gaske da kauri kuma ana shan shine da zafi zafinsa. Kunun Gyada abinci ne na Arewacin Najeriya wanda aka yi da ɗanyen gyada da shinkafa. kamar yadda ake yin Akamu,<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Hadi== # [[Gyaɗa]] # Shinkafa # Ruwa (Sanyi da Zafi) # Tsamiya ko Lemun Tsami <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Aiki== 1. Ana bukatar Abin markade domin markada Gyadar da Shinkafa 2. Ana buƙatar Yadi ko mataci domin tacewa <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Yanda ake Hada Kunun Gyada== '''Kafin a Hada Kunun Gyada''' Ana bukatar da a jika shinkafar a ruwa a kalla awowi 8, Itama Gyadar tana bukatar a jika ta a ruwa na tsawon awowi 3, Sai a jika Tsamiyar itama a cikin ruwa mai dumi domin tayi laushi kuma ta narke sinadarin dake jikinta, Bayan an jika sai a markada gyadar da ruwa a tace madara, sai a markada shinkafar itamada ruwa daban a mazubi daban. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> '''Matakan Hadawa''' 1. A zuba madarar gyadar a cikin tukunya a fara dafawa da wuta matsakaiciya, a ringa juyawa da ludayi ko yar sanda ana motsawa sosae har karshen tukunyar idan ba haka ba zai yi kullutai a ciki. 2. Lokacin da ta tafasa, a hankali a zuba markadadar shinkafar anayi ana juya a hankali. 3. Idan ya kara tafasa sai a zuba wuran tsamiyar a ciki anayi ana juyawa. 4. A cigaba da juyawa har ya kara tafasa, sannan sai a zuba a sha cikin aminci. Ana iya shan kunun gyada mai zafi da kosai ko kuwa a sha shi shi kadai. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Amfani a Jiki== 1. Gyada na ƙara girman jikin mutum musamman yara domin yana dauke da sinadarin ‘Protein’. 2. Gyada na gyara fatar jikin mutum da hana saurin tsufa saboda kasancewar sinadarin ‘vitamin E’ a ciki. 3. Gyada na kare mutum daga kamuwa da cutar bugawar zuciya. 4. Gyada na dauke da sinadarin ‘vitamin B3’ wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana mutum mantuwa. 5. Gyada na gyra jiki kuma Tana na Kara kiba. <ref>https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2022/08/muhimmancin-cin-gyada-ga-lafiyar-jikin-dan-adam.html</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Hausawa]] mh7593k1w3r9xy1jomew4i96arc4o8a 916063 916062 2026-09-04T11:55:09Z Hellonerdy 48398 /* */ 916063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kunu making.jpg|thumb|kunu ]] '''Kunun Gyaɗa''' ya kasance abin sha ne a ƙasar Hausawa dake Arewacin [[Najeriya]], wanda ake hada shi da markadadiyar gyada da kuma [[shinkafa]]. Kunu ne mai dadin gaske da kauri kuma ana shan shi ne da zafi zafinsa. Kunun Gyada abinci ne na Arewacin Najeriya wanda aka yi da ɗanyen gyada da shinkafa. kamar yadda ake yin Akamu,<ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Hadi== # [[Gyaɗa]] # Shinkafa # Ruwa (Sanyi da Zafi) # Tsamiya ko Lemun Tsami <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Kayan Aiki== 1. Ana bukatar Abin markade domin markada Gyadar da Shinkafa 2. Ana buƙatar Yadi ko mataci domin tacewa <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Yanda ake Hada Kunun Gyada== '''Kafin a Hada Kunun Gyada''' Ana bukatar da a jika shinkafar a ruwa a kalla awowi 8, Itama Gyadar tana bukatar a jika ta a ruwa na tsawon awowi 3, Sai a jika Tsamiyar itama a cikin ruwa mai dumi domin tayi laushi kuma ta narke sinadarin dake jikinta, Bayan an jika sai a markada gyadar da ruwa a tace madara, sai a markada shinkafar itamada ruwa daban a mazubi daban. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> '''Matakan Hadawa''' 1. A zuba madarar gyadar a cikin tukunya a fara dafawa da wuta matsakaiciya, a ringa juyawa da ludayi ko yar sanda ana motsawa sosae har karshen tukunyar idan ba haka ba zai yi kullutai a ciki. 2. Lokacin da ta tafasa, a hankali a zuba markadadar shinkafar anayi ana juya a hankali. 3. Idan ya kara tafasa sai a zuba wuran tsamiyar a ciki anayi ana juyawa. 4. A cigaba da juyawa har ya kara tafasa, sannan sai a zuba a sha cikin aminci. Ana iya shan kunun gyada mai zafi da kosai ko kuwa a sha shi shi kadai. <ref>https://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/drinks/kunun-gyada/</ref> ==Amfani a Jiki== 1. Gyada na ƙara girman jikin mutum musamman yara domin yana dauke da sinadarin ‘Protein’. 2. Gyada na gyara fatar jikin mutum da hana saurin tsufa saboda kasancewar sinadarin ‘vitamin E’ a ciki. 3. Gyada na kare mutum daga kamuwa da cutar bugawar zuciya. 4. Gyada na dauke da sinadarin ‘vitamin B3’ wanda ke taimakawa wajen hana mutum mantuwa. 5. Gyada na gyra jiki kuma Tana na Kara kiba. <ref>https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2022/08/muhimmancin-cin-gyada-ga-lafiyar-jikin-dan-adam.html</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Hausawa]] 0a4dcdlsdvhj8nmdjfqrnjfjaelgubu 0 43986 915966 878027 2026-09-04T08:26:50Z Zahrah0 14848 An kirkira ta fassara "Early life and education" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369822051|Oga Bello]]" 915966 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Adebayo Salami i (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1952), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki "Oga Bello" shi ne tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fim, kuma darektan. [1] [2][3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun, sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1964, tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru, kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'', inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'', a 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Salami ta auri mata biyu kuma tana da 'ya'ya goma sha takwas (9 maza da 9 mata, ciki har da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Femi Adebayo]]) == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwcQ">Ƙofofi Bakwai</i></nowiki> |Otun |- |<nowiki><i id="mwdg">Hanyar da za a haɗu</i></nowiki> |Mahaifin Dunni |- |2022 |''[[Aníkúlápó]]'' |Babban Oyo |- |2020 |Omo Ghetto (The Saga) |Baba Onibaba |- |1996 |''[[Owo Blow|Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa]]'' |Shugaban Majalisar |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2014 [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yoruba * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun,sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. gzjk2agbiaqyx7fjrc4tazyleqxirnq 915968 915966 2026-09-04T08:30:26Z Zahrah0 14848 An kirkira ta fassara "Career" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369822051|Oga Bello]]" 915968 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Adebayo Salami i (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1952), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki "Oga Bello" shi ne tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fim, kuma darektan. [1] [2][3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun, sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. == Aiki == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta alif 1964,tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru,kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta alif 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wadanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'',inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'',a shekarar alif 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta alif 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 1964, tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru, kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'', inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'', a 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Salami ta auri mata biyu kuma tana da 'ya'ya goma sha takwas (9 maza da 9 mata, ciki har da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Femi Adebayo]]) == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwcQ">Ƙofofi Bakwai</i></nowiki> |Otun |- |<nowiki><i id="mwdg">Hanyar da za a haɗu</i></nowiki> |Mahaifin Dunni |- |2022 |''[[Aníkúlápó]]'' |Babban Oyo |- |2020 |Omo Ghetto (The Saga) |Baba Onibaba |- |1996 |''[[Owo Blow|Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa]]'' |Shugaban Majalisar |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2014 [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yoruba * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun,sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 23tbbdd3szf56or12gwlyfnjxcespc1 915969 915968 2026-09-04T08:32:30Z Zahrah0 14848 915969 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Adebayo Salami i (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1952), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki "Oga Bello" shi ne tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fim, kuma darektan. [1] [2][3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun, sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. == Aiki == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta alif 1964,tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru,kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta alif 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wadanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'',inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'',a shekarar alif 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta alif 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta alif 1964, tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru, kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'', inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'', a 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Salami ta auri mata biyu kuma tana da 'ya'ya goma sha takwas (9 maza da 9 mata, ciki har da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Femi Adebayo]]) == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwcQ">Ƙofofi Bakwai</i></nowiki> |Otun |- |<nowiki><i id="mwdg">Hanyar da za a haɗu</i></nowiki> |Mahaifin Dunni |- |2022 |''[[Aníkúlápó]]'' |Babban Oyo |- |2020 |Omo Ghetto (The Saga) |Baba Onibaba |- |1996 |''[[Owo Blow|Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa]]'' |Shugaban Majalisar |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2014 [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yoruba * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun,sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 15897kj9pxiacsg72j8v5srp61r78c8 915971 915969 2026-09-04T08:33:11Z Zahrah0 14848 915971 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Adebayo Salami i (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1952), wanda aka fi sani da sunansa na mataki "Oga Bello" shi ne tsohon dan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya, mai shirya fina-finai, mai shirya fim, kuma darektan. [1] [2][3] == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga Mayu 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun, sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. == Aiki == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta alif 1964,tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru,kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta alif 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wadanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'',inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'',a shekarar alif 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta alif 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta alif 1964, tare da ƙungiyar da ake kira Young Concert Party, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ojo Ladipo, wanda aka fi sani da Baba Mero . Bayan 'yan shekaru, kungiyar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ojo Ladipo Theatre Group kuma daga baya ta zama Awada Kerikeri Theatre Group . Bayan rasuwar Ojo Ladipo a shekara ta 1978, Salami ya ɗauki matsayin shugabancin kungiyar, wanda ya kawo shi cikin haske. Ya fito a fim din Yoruba na farko, ''Ajani Ogun'', inda marigayi [[Adeyemi Afolayan]], mahaifin [[Kunle Afolayan]] da [[Gabriel Afolayan]] ya taka rawar gani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AJIBADE ALABI |title=Oga Bello tells all about career, family & kids - Newswatch Times |url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101035500/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/oga-bello-tells-career-family-kids/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Newswatch Times}}</ref> An kuma nuna shi a cikin fim mai suna ''Kadara'' ta Adeyemi Afolayan (Ade Love). <ref>{{Cite web |title=ADEBAYO SALAMI (OGA BELLO) RETURNS TO STAGE WITH 'OLOKOOBA' AT 50! |url=http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101044456/http://e247mag.com/adebayo-salami-oga-bello-returns-to-stage-with-olokooba-at-50/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Daga baya ya fito a cikin shahararren jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya ''Comedy rabin sa'a'' tare da sunan mataki Oga Bello . Ya samar da fim dinsa na farko, ''[[Ogun]] Ajaye'', a shekarar 1985, daga shagon Awada Kerikeri . Tun daga shekara ta 1985, ya samar, ya ba da umarni, kuma ya fito a fina-finai da yawa na Yoruba. Ya kasance memba na farko na Ƙungiyar Masu Ayyukan Wasanni na Najeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=TAMAPAN house of division and cheap Nollywood politics |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040115/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/tamapan-house-of-division-and-cheap-nollywood-politics/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Confusion in Yoruba movie sector |url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040156/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2014/02/confusion-in-yoruba-movie-sector/ |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |website=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Salami ta auri mata biyu kuma tana da 'ya'ya goma sha takwas (9 maza da 9 mata, ciki har da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Femi Adebayo]]) == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |<nowiki><i id="mwcQ">Ƙofofi Bakwai</i></nowiki> |Otun |- |<nowiki><i id="mwdg">Hanyar da za a haɗu</i></nowiki> |Mahaifin Dunni |- |2022 |''[[Aníkúlápó]]'' |Babban Oyo |- |2020 |Omo Ghetto (The Saga) |Baba Onibaba |- |1996 |''[[Owo Blow|Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa]]'' |Shugaban Majalisar |} == Kyaututtuka == * 2014 [[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mutanen Yoruba * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Salami 'yar asalin Pakata Oloje ce, [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]] . An haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Mayu shekara ta alif 1953 a [[Lagos (jiha)|Jihar Legas]] inda ya sami karatun firamare da sakandare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tunde Akanbi, Ilorin |title=Voice Of Nigeria - Actor advocates promotion of indigenous languages |url=http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101040056/http://www.voiceofnigeria.org/nigeria/actor-advocates-promotion-of-indigenous-languages.html |archive-date=1 January 2015 |access-date=1 January 2015 |publisher=}}</ref> Adebayo Salami ya halarci Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Adebodun,sannan daga baya ya tafi Makarantar Wasannin Legas, makarantar da ke da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 77nrhyolsy77j80f3m7ztehrhksd4pt 0 46694 915486 479796 2026-09-03T13:30:43Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Location Togo AU Africa.svg|thumb|Togo location]] '''Thibault Klidjé''' (An haife shi ranar 10 ga watan [[Yuli]] shekarar 2001) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Togo]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar Luzern ta Switzerland da kuma [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Togo]]. == Sana'a == Klidjé ya fara aikinsa tare da kulab din Togo Espoir Tsevie, da Gomido kafin ya sanya hannu tare da ajiyar kungiyar Bordeaux ta Faransa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2020.<ref>"Thibault Klidje - Fiche joueur - Girondins33.com" . www.girondins33.com .</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta 2022, Klidjé ya rattaba hannu kan kulob din Luzern na Super League na Switzerland kan kwantiragin shekaru uku.<ref>"Thibault Klidje : un talent togolais aux Girondins de Bordeaux" . February 21, 2020.</ref> <ref>"Blessé, Thibault Klidjè rejoint la Suisse" . Republicoftogo.com (in French). 31 August 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya yi karo da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]] a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba 2021 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da suka tashi 1-1 da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kongo|Congo]]. <ref>"Togo - Kongo 1-1 (0-1). 3. kolejka el. MŚ - Afryka" . 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|thibault-klidje/542904}} * Thibault Klidjé at FootballDatabase.eu * Thibault Klidjé – French league stats at Ligue 1 – also available in French [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] 0n72dhlx9gg4mkwgsa5wflnne1311x1 915487 915486 2026-09-03T13:31:15Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Location Togo AU Africa.svg|thumb|Togo location]] '''Thibault Klidjé''' (An haife shi ranar 10 ga watan [[Yuli]] shekarar 2001) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na ƙasar [[Togo]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar Luzern ta Switzerland da kuma [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Togo]]. == Sana'a == Klidjé ya fara aikinsa tare da kulab din Togo Espoir Tsevie, da Gomido kafin ya sanya hannu tare da ajiyar kungiyar Bordeaux ta Faransa a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2020.<ref>"Thibault Klidje - Fiche joueur - Girondins33.com" . www.girondins33.com .</ref> A ranar 31 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2022, Klidjé ya rattaba hannu kan kulob din Luzern na Super League na Switzerland kan kwantiragin shekaru uku.<ref>"Thibault Klidje : un talent togolais aux Girondins de Bordeaux" . February 21, 2020.</ref> <ref>"Blessé, Thibault Klidjè rejoint la Suisse" . Republicoftogo.com (in French). 31 August 2022. Retrieved 28 September 2022.</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya yi karo da [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta Togo|tawagar kasar Togo]] a ranar 9 ga watan Oktoba shekarar 2021 a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya da suka tashi 1-1 da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Kongo|Congo]]. <ref>"Togo - Kongo 1-1 (0-1). 3. kolejka el. MŚ - Afryka" . 9 October 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2021.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|thibault-klidje/542904}} * Thibault Klidjé at FootballDatabase.eu * Thibault Klidjé – French league stats at Ligue 1 – also available in French [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] 8wpm0ekzlztz3m73p4qmgby284qirv0 0 48536 915625 824687 2026-09-03T16:26:43Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:16 religionist symbols.png|thumb|Addinan da sukafi suna]] ''''Yancin addini''' ko '''<nowiki/>'yancin addini''' ƙa'ida ce da ke tallafawa ƴancin mutum ko al'umma, a fili ko na sirri, don bayyana [[addini]] ko imani a cikin koyarwa, aiki, bauta, da kiyayewa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƴancin canza addini ko aƙidar mutum,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml |title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|publisher=The United Nations}}</ref> "'yancin yin wani addini ko akida",<ref>{{Cite web|title=CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4|url=https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol&#61;CCPR%252FC%252F21%252FRev.1%252FAdd.4&Language&#61;E&DeviceType&#61;Desktop&LangRequested&#61;False|access-date=2023-01-02|website=undocs.org}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ko "ba yin addini" (wanda aka fi sani da "'yanci ''daga'' addini").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22dmdocnumber%22:[%22696792%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-58915%22]}|title=CASE OF BUSCARINI AND OTHERS v. SAN MARINO|publisher=European Court of Human Rights|at= § 34|date=February 18, 1999|accessdate=January 24, 2023}}.</ref> 'Yancin addini mutane da yawa da yawancin al'ummomi suna ɗauka a matsayin babban [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] . <ref>{{cite web|url=http://usinfo.state.gov/dd/eng_democracy_dialogues/religion/religion_essay.html|title=The Evolution of Religious Liberty as a Universal Human Right|access-date=5 December 2006|last=Davis|first=Derek H.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201105738/http://usinfo.state.gov/dd/eng_democracy_dialogues/religion/religion_essay.html|archive-date=1 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ANDmIIpAmwC&pg=PA29734|title=Congressional Record #29734 – 19 November 2003|access-date=3 September 2011|isbn=978-0160799563|last1=Congress|first1=U. S.|year=2008}}</ref> A kasar da ke da addini, ana daukar 'yancin yin addini a matsayin ma'anar cewa gwamnati ta ba da izinin gudanar da ayyukan addini na wasu al'ummomi ban da addinin gwamnati, kuma ba ta tsananta wa masu bi a wasu addinai ko waɗanda ba su da imani. [[Fayil:Religious Freedom 3c 1957 issue.JPG|thumb|Kundin ƴancin addini]] ’Yancin addini ya wuce ‘yancin yin imani, wanda ke ba da damar yin imani da abin da mutum, ƙungiya, ko addini yake so, amma ba lallai ba ne ya ƙyale ’yancin yin addini ko imani a fili da zahiri a cikin jama’a, wanda wasu ke gaskatawa. jigon ‘yancin addini ne na tsakiya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.religiousfreedominstitute.org/blog/what-in-the-world-is-religious-freedom|title=What in the World is Religious Freedom?|website=Religious Freedom Institute|date=November 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref> 'Yancin ibada ba shi da tabbas amma ana iya la'akari da faɗuwa tsakanin sharuɗɗan biyu. Kalmar "imani" ana ɗaukarsa ya haɗa da kowane nau'i na rashin addini, gami da [[Mulhidanci|zindikanci]], [[Humanism|ɗan adamtaka]], [[Existentialism|wanzuwa]] ko wasu mazhabobin tunani. Ko ya kamata a yi la’akari da waɗanda ba masu bi ba ko kuma ‘yan adamtaka don dalilai na ’yancin yin addini, tambaya ce da ake jayayya a cikin shari’a da tsarin mulki. Muhimmi a cikin la'akari da wannan 'yancin shine ko ayyukan addini da ayyukan motsa jiki waɗanda zasu keta dokar duniya yakamata a ba su izini saboda kiyaye 'yancin addini, kamar (a cikin fikihun Amurka) ''Amurka v.'' ''Reynolds'' ko ''Wisconsin v.'' ''Yoder'', (a cikin dokar Turai) ''SAS v.'' ''Faransa'', da sauran hukunce-hukunce masu yawa. == Manazarta. == [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] 1nl9slp585in467mp9u6bb30wc66ngd 915626 915625 2026-09-03T16:26:57Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:16 religionist symbols.png|thumb|Addinan da sukafi suna]] ''''Yancin addini''' ko '''<nowiki/>'yancin addini''' ƙa'ida ce da ke tallafawa ƴancin mutum ko al'umma, a fili ko na sirri, don bayyana [[addini]] ko imani a cikin koyarwa, aiki, bauta, da kiyayewa. Hakanan ya haɗa da ƴancin canza addini ko aƙidar mutum,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml |title=The Universal Declaration of Human Rights|publisher=The United Nations}}</ref> "'yancin yin wani addini ko akida",<ref>{{Cite web|title=CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.4|url=https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol&#61;CCPR%252FC%252F21%252FRev.1%252FAdd.4&Language&#61;E&DeviceType&#61;Desktop&LangRequested&#61;False|access-date=2023-01-02|website=undocs.org}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ko "ba yin addini" (wanda aka fi sani da "'yanci ''daga'' addini").<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng#{%22dmdocnumber%22:[%22696792%22],%22itemid%22:[%22001-58915%22]}|title=CASE OF BUSCARINI AND OTHERS v. SAN MARINO|publisher=European Court of Human Rights|at= § 34|date=February 18, 1999|accessdate=January 24, 2023}}.</ref> Ƴancin addini mutane da yawa da yawancin al'ummomi suna ɗauka a matsayin babban [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|haƙƙin ɗan adam]] . <ref>{{cite web|url=http://usinfo.state.gov/dd/eng_democracy_dialogues/religion/religion_essay.html|title=The Evolution of Religious Liberty as a Universal Human Right|access-date=5 December 2006|last=Davis|first=Derek H.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201105738/http://usinfo.state.gov/dd/eng_democracy_dialogues/religion/religion_essay.html|archive-date=1 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ANDmIIpAmwC&pg=PA29734|title=Congressional Record #29734 – 19 November 2003|access-date=3 September 2011|isbn=978-0160799563|last1=Congress|first1=U. S.|year=2008}}</ref> A kasar da ke da addini, ana daukar 'yancin yin addini a matsayin ma'anar cewa gwamnati ta ba da izinin gudanar da ayyukan addini na wasu al'ummomi ban da addinin gwamnati, kuma ba ta tsananta wa masu bi a wasu addinai ko waɗanda ba su da imani. [[Fayil:Religious Freedom 3c 1957 issue.JPG|thumb|Kundin ƴancin addini]] ’Yancin addini ya wuce ‘yancin yin imani, wanda ke ba da damar yin imani da abin da mutum, ƙungiya, ko addini yake so, amma ba lallai ba ne ya ƙyale ’yancin yin addini ko imani a fili da zahiri a cikin jama’a, wanda wasu ke gaskatawa. jigon ‘yancin addini ne na tsakiya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.religiousfreedominstitute.org/blog/what-in-the-world-is-religious-freedom|title=What in the World is Religious Freedom?|website=Religious Freedom Institute|date=November 2019 |language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-28}}</ref> 'Yancin ibada ba shi da tabbas amma ana iya la'akari da faɗuwa tsakanin sharuɗɗan biyu. Kalmar "imani" ana ɗaukarsa ya haɗa da kowane nau'i na rashin addini, gami da [[Mulhidanci|zindikanci]], [[Humanism|ɗan adamtaka]], [[Existentialism|wanzuwa]] ko wasu mazhabobin tunani. Ko ya kamata a yi la’akari da waɗanda ba masu bi ba ko kuma ‘yan adamtaka don dalilai na ’yancin yin addini, tambaya ce da ake jayayya a cikin shari’a da tsarin mulki. Muhimmi a cikin la'akari da wannan 'yancin shine ko ayyukan addini da ayyukan motsa jiki waɗanda zasu keta dokar duniya yakamata a ba su izini saboda kiyaye 'yancin addini, kamar (a cikin fikihun Amurka) ''Amurka v.'' ''Reynolds'' ko ''Wisconsin v.'' ''Yoder'', (a cikin dokar Turai) ''SAS v.'' ''Faransa'', da sauran hukunce-hukunce masu yawa. == Manazarta. == [[Category:Webarchive template wayback links]] depty3og1zv1nfi4li9lksdztuq8zwa 0 48704 916019 833106 2026-09-04T09:31:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Catherine (Cathy) Drennan''' Masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Amurka kuma mai rubutun halittu. Ita ce farfesa a fannin kimiyyar halittu a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts kuma farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Drennan ta girma a [[New York]] tare da iyayenta ( likitan likita da masanin ilimin ɗan adam). [1] Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin ilmin sunadarai daga Kwalejin Vassar, tana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Farfesa Miriam Rossi . [2] Bayan kwaleji, Drennan ya shafe lokaci a matsayin malamin kimiyya da wasan kwaikwayo na makarantar sakandare, a makarantar Quaker a [[Iowa]].[3][4] Ta sami digirinta na PhD a ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1995, tana aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na marigayi Farfesa Martha L Ludwig . Takardar Drennan tana da taken "Kiririn crystallographic na FMN da Vitamin B12 Dependent Enzymes: Flavodoxin da Methionine Synthase" . [5][6] Bayan ta PhD, ta shiga Douglas Rees a matsayin abokiyar Postdoctoral a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Classroom Lecture Becoming Extinct or Simply Evolving? -- Talk & Discussion by Dr. Catherine Drennan, MIT. - Caltech Center for Teaching, Learning, & Outreach (CTLO). |url=https://www.ctlo.caltech.edu/events/54413 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210235110/https://www.ctlo.caltech.edu/events/54413 |archive-date=2018-02-10 |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=www.ctlo.caltech.edu |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin abokiyar karatun digiri, a cikin 1997, ta fara kuma ta jagoranci gasar takardun karatun digiri a taron shekara-shekara na [[American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ASBMB).]] Ta kuma yi aiki a Kwamitin Ilimi da Ci gaban Kwararru na ASBMB . <ref>{{Cite web |title=First class |url=https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-today/people/042721/first-class |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.asbmb.org |language=en}}</ref> Drennan yana da dyslexic, amma ya yi imanin cewa wannan yana da fa'idodi a kimiyya, "kada ku saurari abin da kowa ya gaya muku abin da za ku iya ko ba za ku iya yi ba... babu rufin dyslexia".<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Viegas |first=Jennifer |date=2024-11-08 |title=Profile of Catherine Drennan |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131160248 |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=121 |issue=46 |doi=10.1073/PNAS.2420751121 |pmc=11573533}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=What Every Person With Dyslexia Should Know with MIT Professor Cathy Drennan {{!}} Elisheva Schwartz |url=http://www.elishevaschwartz.com/podcast/what-every-person-with-dyslexia-should-know-with-mit-professor-cathy-drennan/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=www.elishevaschwartz.com |language=en-US}}</ref> A makarantar sakandare, an gaya wa Drennan "watakila ba ta zuwa makarantar sakandare ba saboda dyslexia".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine Drennan |url=http://dyslexiahelp.umich.edu/success-stories/catherine-drennan |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=dyslexiahelp.umich.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Bincike == Drennan ya shiga bangaren koyarwa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts a shekarar 1999. A Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Drennan tana mai da hankali kan kirkire-kirkire a ilimi da bincike na asali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine L Drennan {{!}} Drennan Lab. |url=http://drennan.mit.edu/education/group-members/catherine-l-drennan/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=drennan.mit.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223111802/http://drennan.mit.edu/education/group-members/catherine-l-drennan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da sha'awar makomar ɗakunan kwaleji da ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayin ilmantarwa ga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ɗalibai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Is the Classroom Lecture Becoming Extinct or Simply Evolving? -- Talk & Discussion by Dr. Catherine Drennan, MIT. - Caltech Graduate Studies Office |url=https://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/events/54413 |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=www.gradoffice.caltech.edu |language=en |archive-date=2018-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210235202/https://www.gradoffice.caltech.edu/events/54413 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An san ta da gudummawar da ta bayar ga ilimin kimiyya. A shekarar 2006 an kira Drennan Farfesa na HHMI kuma an ba shi tallafin dala miliyan 1 don tallafawa shirye-shiryen ilimi don "Getting Biologists Excited about Chemistry".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Catherine L. Drennan « The Education Group |url=http://educationgroup.mit.edu/HHMIEducationGroup/?page_id=1986 |access-date=2018-02-15 |website=educationgroup.mit.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> Drennan ta yi nazarin enzymes da ke amfani da Bitamin B12 tun lokacin da ta kasance daliba mai digiri. Binciken da ta mayar da hankali shine metalloproteins da metalloenzymes, da kuma bunkasa hanyoyin tsari don ganin enzymes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine L. Drennan - CIFAR : CIFAR |url=https://www.cifar.ca/profiles/catherine-l-drennan/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=www.cifar.ca |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Interests {{!}} Drennan Lab |url=https://drennan.mit.edu/research/research-interests/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=drennan.mit.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206173635/http://drennan.mit.edu/research/research-interests/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Publications {{!}} Drennan Lab |url=http://drennan.mit.edu/research/publications/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=drennan.mit.edu |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206170621/http://drennan.mit.edu/research/publications/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar ta tana amfani da X-ray crystallography da microscopy na lantarki don nuna alamun metaloproteins a cikin aiki. Tana da sha'awar canjin yanayi a lokacin catalysis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine Drennan – MIT Department of Biology |url=https://biology.mit.edu/faculty/catherine-drennan/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=biology.mit.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukanta kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga kare muhalli, yayin da karafa ke aiki a matsayin mataimakan kwayoyin a cikin halayen sunadarai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cathy Drennan - Meet a Chemist - ChemHealthWeb - Science Publication - National Institute of General Medical Sciences |url=https://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_drennan.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527233939/http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/chemhealth/chemist_drennan.htm |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=publications.nigms.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> Drennan shine marubucin fiye da dari (100) Protein Data Bank.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bank |first=RCSB Protein Data |title=RCSB PDB - Search Results |url=http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/results/results.do?tabtoshow=Current&qrid=B7ECD54 |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * '''2000''' ** Kyautar Binciken Gidauniyar Surdna <ref name=":1" /> ** Cecil da Ida Green Ci gaban Ayyuka <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Department of Chemistry: Reports to the President 2000-2001 |url=http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres01/16.03.html |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=web.mit.edu}}</ref> * 2001 - Searle Scholar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of Chemistry: Reports to the President 2001-2002 |url=http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres02/11.03.html |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=web.mit.edu}}</ref> * 2002 - Kyautar Farko ta Shugaban kasa ga Masana kimiyya da Injiniyoyi <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers Program Archive |url=https://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/pecase_archive.htm#2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512153242/http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/pecase_archive.htm#2002 |archive-date=May 12, 2008 |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=grants.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> * 2003 - ASBMB-Schering-Plough Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya <ref>{{Cite web |title=ASBMB Young Investigator Award |url=http://www.asbmb.org/awards/young/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=www.asbmb.org}}</ref> * 2004 - Kyautar Kyautar Harkokin Kwalejin Harold E. Edgerton <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cathy L. Drennan {{!}} Office of the President |url=https://president.umich.edu/honors-awards/umbaa/winter-recipients/cathy-l-drennan/ |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=president.umich.edu |language=en |archive-date=2018-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128134829/https://president.umich.edu/honors-awards/umbaa/winter-recipients/cathy-l-drennan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2005 - Kyautar Tunawa da Everett Moore Baker don Kyakkyawan Koyarwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=2005 Recipients {{!}} Awards Convocation |url=http://awards.mit.edu/awards-convocation/winners/2005-recipients |access-date=2018-02-10 |website=awards.mit.edu |language=en}}</ref> * 2006 - Farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes <ref name=":0" /> * 2008 - Mai bincike na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Howard Hughes * 2017 - Farawar Winter Bicentennial Alumni Award. * '''2020''' ** memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Members |url=https://www.amacad.org/new-members-2020 |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> ** Kyautar Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, The Protein Society <ref>{{Cite web |last=McElvery |first=Raleigh |date=2020-03-13 |title=Cathy Drennan earns Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Award |url=https://biology.mit.edu/cathy-drennan-earns-dorothy-crowfoot-hodgkin-award/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=MIT Department of Biology |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021- American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fellow <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 ASBMB Fellows |url=https://www.asbmb.org/about/asbmb-fellows/2021-asbmb-fellows |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.asbmb.org |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209060552/https://www.asbmb.org/about/asbmb-fellows/2021-asbmb-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''2023''' ** Kungiyar Kimiyya ta Tsarin (ACA) Fellow <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellows |url=https://www.amercrystalassn.org/fellows |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=www.amercrystalassn.org}}</ref> ** memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-03 |title=Catherine Drennan elected to National Academy of Sciences – MIT Department of Chemistry |url=https://chemistry.mit.edu/chemistry-news/catherine-drennan-elected-to-national-academy-of-sciences/ |access-date=2023-10-13 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Haɗin waje == * Jennifer Viegas: ''Bayanan Catherine Drennan.'' PNAS. Fashewa. 121 (46), Nuwamba 2024, e2420751121. [[doi:10.1073/pnas.2420751121]]. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sq7o3tyl1fxletxy5fspbn61uz7fn47 0 48869 915628 504873 2026-09-03T16:27:37Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:United Artists contract signature 1919.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710695886 o.jpg|thumb|Yancin kwangila]] ''''Yancin kwangila''' shi ne tsarin da daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi ke kulla kwangiloli ba tare da takunkumi na gwamnati ba. Wannan ya saba wa dokokin gwamnati kamar dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, dokokin gasar, takunkumin tattalin arziƙi, ƙayyadaddun farashi, ko ƙuntatawa kan kwangila tare da ma'aikata marasa izini. Ƴancin yin kwangila shi ne tushen tattalin arziki na ''laissez-faire'' kuma shine ginshiƙi na 'yancin walwala na kasuwanci. Masu ba da ra'ayi sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar "'yancin kwangila", mutane suna da [[Ƴancin zaɓi|'yancin zabar]] wanda za su yi kwangila, ko za su yi kwangila ko a'a, da kuma sharuddan kwangilan da su bi. [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710132141 o.jpg|thumb|Sanarwar Yancin Kwangila]] == Tarihi == Henry James Sumner Maine ya ba da shawarar cewa tsarin zamantakewa ya samo asali daga matsayin da aka samo daga matsayin zamantakewa zuwa waɗanda suka dogara da 'yancin kwangila.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} kafa wajibai da dangantaka ta haihuwa, amma kwangila yana ɗauka cewa mutane suna da 'yanci kuma daidai. 'Yanci na zamani, irin wanda Robert Nozick ya ci gaba, yana ganin 'yancin yin kwangila a matsayin furcin yanke shawara masu zaman kansu na mutane daban-daban suna biyan bukatun kansu a ƙarƙashin " ƙananan ƙasa ."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Amurka == === ''Lochner v.'' ''New York'' === A shekara ta 1902, an ci tarar wani ma'aikacin biredi na New York mai suna Joseph Lochner saboda karya dokar jihar da ta kayyade adadin sa'o'in da ma'aikatansa za su iya yin aiki. Ya kai karar jihar ne bisa dalilin tauye masa hakkinsa na “tsari da ya dace”. Lochner ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da 'yancin yin kwangila da ma'aikatansa ba tare da adalci ba kuma jihar ta yi katsalandan cikin rashin adalci. A cikin 1905, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yi amfani da juzu'in tsari don bayyana dokar jihar New York da ta sanya iyaka akan sa'o'i na aiki. Rufus Wheeler Peckham ya rubuta ga masu rinjaye: "A karkashin wannan tanadi babu wata kasa da za ta hana kowane mutum rai, 'yanci, ko dukiya ba tare da bin doka ba. Haƙƙin siye ko siyar da aiki wani ɓangare ne na 'yancin da wannan gyaran ya kare." <ref>Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).</ref> Da yake rubuta rashin amincewa, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ya zargi akasarin su da kafa hukuncin da ya yanke kan akidar laissez-faire . Ya yi imanin cewa tana yin doka bisa tattalin arziki maimakon fassara kundin tsarin mulki. Ya yi imanin cewa "'Yancin Kwangila" ba ya wanzu kuma ba a yi niyya ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} === Bayan haka === A cikin "Liberty of Contract" (1909), Roscoe Pound ya soki dokokin 'yanci na kwangila ta hanyar gabatar da shari'ar bayan shari'ar da Kotun Koli na jihohi da tarayya suka kashe 'yancin aiki. Pound ya bayar da hujjar cewa hukunce-hukuncen kotuna sun kasance "kuskure ne kawai" daga mahangar doka ta gama gari kuma "har ma daga na mutum-mutumi mai hankali" (482). Pound ya kara kwatanta yanayin dokokin aiki a lokacinsa zuwa ra'ayi na kowa game da riba da kuma cewa su biyun "na iri ɗaya ne" (484). Pound ya koka da cewa gadon irin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na "ilimi" da "na wucin gadi" na 'yancin yin kwangila sun haifar da "rasa girmamawa ga kotuna" amma ya yi hasashen makomar "haske" ga dokar aiki (486-487). <ref>Roscoe Pound, "Liberty of Contract," 18 Yale Law Journal 454 (1909).</ref> Kotun koli ta yi amfani da 'yancin koyar da kwangila a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa amma gabaɗaya ta amince da dokar kawo sauyi a matsayin tana cikin ikon 'yan sanda na jihohi. A shekara ta 1937 Kotun ta sauya ra'ayinta a shari'ar ''West Coast Hotel Co. v.'' ''Parrish'' . A wannan yanayin kotu ta amince da dokar [[Washington (jiha)|jihar Washington]] da ta tanadi mafi ƙarancin albashi . == Ƙasar Ingila == A ƙarshen karni na 19, ma'aikatar shari'a ta Ingila ta amince da "'yancin kwangila" a matsayin tsarin da ya dace da manufofin jama'a, wanda ya fi dacewa a karkashin dokan [[Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson|''Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson'']] <ref>(1875) 19 Eq 462, 465, regarding freedom of contract and patents</ref> na Sir George Jessel MR. A cikin karni 20 da suka gabata, ra'ayin dokar na gama gari ya canza gaba daya. A cikin dokar [[George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd]], [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning|Lord Denning MR]] ya kwatanta "'yancin kwangila" tare da zaluntar masu karamin karfi, a yayin da yake bayyana ci gaban da dokar ta samu. ''Ranar fna musamman akan 'yancin kwangila'' Babu ɗayanku a zamanin yau da zai tuna da matsalar da muka fuskanta - lokacin da aka kira ni kotu - tare da ƙa'idodin keɓancewa. An buga su a 'yan ƙananan takaddu a bayan tikiti da fom ɗin oda da daftari. An ƙunshi su a cikin kasida ko jadawalin lokaci. An dauke su don kare duk wanda ya dauke su ba tare da wata hamayya ba. Babu wanda ya taɓa yin adawa su. Bai taba karanta su ko sanin abin da ke cikinsu ba. Komai rashin ma'anar su ya tsayu akansu. Duk wannan an yi shi ne da sunan "'yancin kwangila". Amma ’yancin ya kasance a gefen babban abin damuwa wanda ke 'yan jaridu. Babu 'yancin ga ɗan ƙaramin mutumin da ya ɗauki tikiti ko tsari ko daftari. Babban abin damuwa ya ce, "Karɓi ko ka bar shi." Karamin mutum ba shi da wani zabi illa ya dauka. Babban damuwa zai iya kuma ya keɓe kansa daga abin alhaki don amfanin kansa ba tare da la'akari da ƙaramin mutum ba. Ya kan ci moriyar hakan lokaci bayan lokaci. Lokacin da kotuna suka ce wa wannan babbar damuwa, "Dole ne ku sanya shi a cikin kalmomi masu ma'ana", babbar damuwar nan kuwa ba ta da wani shakku kan yin hakan. Ya sani sarai cewa ƙaramin mutumin nan ba zai taɓa karanta ɓangarorin keɓancewar nan ba ko ya fahimce su ba. Lokaci ne mai tsanani ga dokar kwangilarmu. An kwatanta shi da sharudda biyu, ''Thompson v. London, Midland da Scottish Railway Co.'' [1930] 1 K.B. 41 (wanda akwai keɓancewa daga abin alhaki, ba akan tikitin ba, amma kawai a cikin ƙaramin bugu a bayan jadawalin lokaci, kuma kamfanin ba shi da alhakin) da L'Estrange v. F. Graucob Ltd. [1934] 2 K.B. 394. ''Makamin sirri'' Fuskantar wannan cin zarafi na mulki - ta masu ƙarfi a kan marasa ƙarfi - ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan sassan sharuddan - alkalai sun yi abin da za su iya don kawo karshen hakan. Har yanzu suna da gunki a gabansu, "'yancin kwangila". Har yanzu sun durƙusa, suka yi masa sujada, Amma sun ɓoye wani makami a ƙarƙashin mayafinsu. Sun yi amfani da shi wajen caka wa gunki wuka a baya. An kira wannan makamin "tsara aikin kwangila na gaskiya". Sun yi amfani da shi da fasaha da basira. Sun yi amfani da shi don su rabu da ma'anar dabi'a na kalmomin keɓewa da kuma sanya musu wani gini mai tsauri da rashin ɗabi'a. A cikin yanayi bayan yanayi, sun ce kalmomin ba su da ƙarfi don ba da babbar damuwa daga abin alhaki; ko kuma cewa a cikin yanayin babban abin damuwa bai cancanci dogara ga batun keɓancewa ba. Idan jirgi ya kauce daga tafiyar kwangilar, mai shi ba zai iya dogara da batun keɓancewa ba. Idan ma'aikacin sito ya ajiye kayan a cikin ma'ajin da bai dace ba, ba zai iya yin addu'a don taimakon ƙa'idar iyakancewa ba. Idan mai siyar ya ba da kaya daban-daban da waɗanda aka yi wa kwangilar, ba zai iya dogara ga kowane keɓe daga abin alhaki ba. Idan mai jirgin ruwa ya isar da kaya ga mutum ba tare da samar da lissafin jigilar kaya ba, ba zai iya tserewa alhaki ba ta hanyar la'akari da batun keɓancewa. A takaice dai, a duk lokacin da faffadan kalmomi – a ma’anarsu ta dabi’a – za su haifar da sakamako mara kyau, alkalai ko dai sun yi watsi da su a matsayin abin kyama ga babbar manufar kwangilar, ko kuma a rage su da girmansu domin samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. . Ana misalta wannan da waɗannan shari'o'in a cikin House of Lords: Glynn v. Margetson & Co. [1893] A.C. 351; London da North Western Railway Co. v. Neilson [1922] 2 A.C. 263; Cunard Steamship Co. Ltd. v. Buerger [1927] A.C. 1; kuma ta Canada Steamship Lines Ltd v The King [1952] A.C. 192 da Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd. v. Rambler Cycle Co. Ltd. [1959] A.C. 576 a cikin Majalisar Keɓaɓɓu; da kararraki marasa adadi a Kotun Daukaka Kara, wanda ya ƙare a Levison v. Patent Steam Carpet Cleaning Co. Ltd. [1978] Q.B. 69. Amma a lokacin da maganar ta kasance mai hankali kuma ta sami sakamako mai ma'ana, alkalai sun yarda da shi; a kowane hali, lokacin da sashe bai keɓe alhakin gaba ɗaya ba amma kawai ya iyakance shi zuwa adadi mai ma'ana. Don haka inda aka ajiye kaya a cikin dakin alkyabba ko aika zuwa wurin wanki don tsaftacewa, yana da kyau kamfanin ya iyakance abin da ya dace da su zuwa adadi mai ma'ana, dangane da ƙaramin cajin da aka yi don sabis ɗin. An kwatanta waɗannan ta hanyar Gibaud v. Great Eastern Railway Co. [1921] 2 K.B. 426; Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] K.B. 189 da Gillespie Bros. & Co. Ltd. v Roy Bowles Transport Ltd. [1973] Q.B. 400. == Duba kuma == * Kwangila kyauta * Lochner zamanin * Rashin daidaito na ikon ciniki * Dokar kwangilar Ingilishi * Dokar kwangilar Amurka == Bayanan kula == * Atiyah, PS: "Tashi da Faɗuwar 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Oxford, Amurka; Sabon ed; Dec 12, 1985)  * Bernstein, David E.: [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1239749## ''<nowiki/>'Yancin Kwangila, Dokar George Mason & Takarda Binciken Tattalin Arziki Na 08-51 (2008)''] * Trebilcock, Michael J.: "Iyakokin 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Harvard Press)  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.quebecoislibre.org/younkins25.html 'Yancin Kwangila] Daga Dr. Edward Younkins [[Category:Tsari]] b3y17f3lvdkm7yzrmn0l1q30jjl2pne 915629 915628 2026-09-03T16:27:53Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:United Artists contract signature 1919.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710695886 o.jpg|thumb|Yancin kwangila]] ''''Yancin kwangila''' shi ne tsarin da daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi ke kulla kwangiloli ba tare da takunkumi na gwamnati ba. Wannan ya saba wa dokokin gwamnati kamar dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, dokokin gasar, takunkumin tattalin arziƙi, ƙayyadaddun farashi, ko ƙuntatawa kan kwangila tare da ma'aikata marasa izini. Ƴancin yin kwangila shi ne tushen tattalin arziki na ''laissez-faire'' kuma shine ginshiƙi na 'yancin walwala na kasuwanci. Masu ba da ra'ayi sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar "'yancin kwangila", mutane suna da [[Ƴancin zaɓi|'yancin zabar]] wanda za su yi kwangila, ko za su yi kwangila ko a'a, da kuma sharuddan kwangilan da su bi. [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710132141 o.jpg|thumb|Sanarwar Yancin Kwangila]] == Tarihi == Henry James Sumner Maine ya ba da shawarar cewa tsarin zamantakewa ya samo asali daga matsayin da aka samo daga matsayin zamantakewa zuwa waɗanda suka dogara da 'yancin kwangila.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} kafa wajibai da dangantaka ta haihuwa, amma kwangila yana ɗauka cewa mutane suna da 'yanci kuma daidai. Ƴanci na zamani, irin wanda Robert Nozick ya ci gaba, yana ganin 'yancin yin kwangila a matsayin furcin yanke shawara masu zaman kansu na mutane daban-daban suna biyan bukatun kansu a ƙarƙashin " ƙananan ƙasa ."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Amurka == === ''Lochner v.'' ''New York'' === A shekara ta 1902, an ci tarar wani ma'aikacin biredi na New York mai suna Joseph Lochner saboda karya dokar jihar da ta kayyade adadin sa'o'in da ma'aikatansa za su iya yin aiki. Ya kai karar jihar ne bisa dalilin tauye masa hakkinsa na “tsari da ya dace”. Lochner ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da 'yancin yin kwangila da ma'aikatansa ba tare da adalci ba kuma jihar ta yi katsalandan cikin rashin adalci. A cikin 1905, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yi amfani da juzu'in tsari don bayyana dokar jihar New York da ta sanya iyaka akan sa'o'i na aiki. Rufus Wheeler Peckham ya rubuta ga masu rinjaye: "A karkashin wannan tanadi babu wata kasa da za ta hana kowane mutum rai, 'yanci, ko dukiya ba tare da bin doka ba. Haƙƙin siye ko siyar da aiki wani ɓangare ne na 'yancin da wannan gyaran ya kare." <ref>Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).</ref> Da yake rubuta rashin amincewa, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ya zargi akasarin su da kafa hukuncin da ya yanke kan akidar laissez-faire . Ya yi imanin cewa tana yin doka bisa tattalin arziki maimakon fassara kundin tsarin mulki. Ya yi imanin cewa "'Yancin Kwangila" ba ya wanzu kuma ba a yi niyya ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} === Bayan haka === A cikin "Liberty of Contract" (1909), Roscoe Pound ya soki dokokin 'yanci na kwangila ta hanyar gabatar da shari'ar bayan shari'ar da Kotun Koli na jihohi da tarayya suka kashe 'yancin aiki. Pound ya bayar da hujjar cewa hukunce-hukuncen kotuna sun kasance "kuskure ne kawai" daga mahangar doka ta gama gari kuma "har ma daga na mutum-mutumi mai hankali" (482). Pound ya kara kwatanta yanayin dokokin aiki a lokacinsa zuwa ra'ayi na kowa game da riba da kuma cewa su biyun "na iri ɗaya ne" (484). Pound ya koka da cewa gadon irin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na "ilimi" da "na wucin gadi" na 'yancin yin kwangila sun haifar da "rasa girmamawa ga kotuna" amma ya yi hasashen makomar "haske" ga dokar aiki (486-487). <ref>Roscoe Pound, "Liberty of Contract," 18 Yale Law Journal 454 (1909).</ref> Kotun koli ta yi amfani da 'yancin koyar da kwangila a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa amma gabaɗaya ta amince da dokar kawo sauyi a matsayin tana cikin ikon 'yan sanda na jihohi. A shekara ta 1937 Kotun ta sauya ra'ayinta a shari'ar ''West Coast Hotel Co. v.'' ''Parrish'' . A wannan yanayin kotu ta amince da dokar [[Washington (jiha)|jihar Washington]] da ta tanadi mafi ƙarancin albashi . == Ƙasar Ingila == A ƙarshen karni na 19, ma'aikatar shari'a ta Ingila ta amince da "'yancin kwangila" a matsayin tsarin da ya dace da manufofin jama'a, wanda ya fi dacewa a karkashin dokan [[Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson|''Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson'']] <ref>(1875) 19 Eq 462, 465, regarding freedom of contract and patents</ref> na Sir George Jessel MR. A cikin karni 20 da suka gabata, ra'ayin dokar na gama gari ya canza gaba daya. A cikin dokar [[George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd]], [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning|Lord Denning MR]] ya kwatanta "'yancin kwangila" tare da zaluntar masu karamin karfi, a yayin da yake bayyana ci gaban da dokar ta samu. ''Ranar fna musamman akan 'yancin kwangila'' Babu ɗayanku a zamanin yau da zai tuna da matsalar da muka fuskanta - lokacin da aka kira ni kotu - tare da ƙa'idodin keɓancewa. An buga su a 'yan ƙananan takaddu a bayan tikiti da fom ɗin oda da daftari. An ƙunshi su a cikin kasida ko jadawalin lokaci. An dauke su don kare duk wanda ya dauke su ba tare da wata hamayya ba. Babu wanda ya taɓa yin adawa su. Bai taba karanta su ko sanin abin da ke cikinsu ba. Komai rashin ma'anar su ya tsayu akansu. Duk wannan an yi shi ne da sunan "'yancin kwangila". Amma ’yancin ya kasance a gefen babban abin damuwa wanda ke 'yan jaridu. Babu 'yancin ga ɗan ƙaramin mutumin da ya ɗauki tikiti ko tsari ko daftari. Babban abin damuwa ya ce, "Karɓi ko ka bar shi." Karamin mutum ba shi da wani zabi illa ya dauka. Babban damuwa zai iya kuma ya keɓe kansa daga abin alhaki don amfanin kansa ba tare da la'akari da ƙaramin mutum ba. Ya kan ci moriyar hakan lokaci bayan lokaci. Lokacin da kotuna suka ce wa wannan babbar damuwa, "Dole ne ku sanya shi a cikin kalmomi masu ma'ana", babbar damuwar nan kuwa ba ta da wani shakku kan yin hakan. Ya sani sarai cewa ƙaramin mutumin nan ba zai taɓa karanta ɓangarorin keɓancewar nan ba ko ya fahimce su ba. Lokaci ne mai tsanani ga dokar kwangilarmu. An kwatanta shi da sharudda biyu, ''Thompson v. London, Midland da Scottish Railway Co.'' [1930] 1 K.B. 41 (wanda akwai keɓancewa daga abin alhaki, ba akan tikitin ba, amma kawai a cikin ƙaramin bugu a bayan jadawalin lokaci, kuma kamfanin ba shi da alhakin) da L'Estrange v. F. Graucob Ltd. [1934] 2 K.B. 394. ''Makamin sirri'' Fuskantar wannan cin zarafi na mulki - ta masu ƙarfi a kan marasa ƙarfi - ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan sassan sharuddan - alkalai sun yi abin da za su iya don kawo karshen hakan. Har yanzu suna da gunki a gabansu, "'yancin kwangila". Har yanzu sun durƙusa, suka yi masa sujada, Amma sun ɓoye wani makami a ƙarƙashin mayafinsu. Sun yi amfani da shi wajen caka wa gunki wuka a baya. An kira wannan makamin "tsara aikin kwangila na gaskiya". Sun yi amfani da shi da fasaha da basira. Sun yi amfani da shi don su rabu da ma'anar dabi'a na kalmomin keɓewa da kuma sanya musu wani gini mai tsauri da rashin ɗabi'a. A cikin yanayi bayan yanayi, sun ce kalmomin ba su da ƙarfi don ba da babbar damuwa daga abin alhaki; ko kuma cewa a cikin yanayin babban abin damuwa bai cancanci dogara ga batun keɓancewa ba. Idan jirgi ya kauce daga tafiyar kwangilar, mai shi ba zai iya dogara da batun keɓancewa ba. Idan ma'aikacin sito ya ajiye kayan a cikin ma'ajin da bai dace ba, ba zai iya yin addu'a don taimakon ƙa'idar iyakancewa ba. Idan mai siyar ya ba da kaya daban-daban da waɗanda aka yi wa kwangilar, ba zai iya dogara ga kowane keɓe daga abin alhaki ba. Idan mai jirgin ruwa ya isar da kaya ga mutum ba tare da samar da lissafin jigilar kaya ba, ba zai iya tserewa alhaki ba ta hanyar la'akari da batun keɓancewa. A takaice dai, a duk lokacin da faffadan kalmomi – a ma’anarsu ta dabi’a – za su haifar da sakamako mara kyau, alkalai ko dai sun yi watsi da su a matsayin abin kyama ga babbar manufar kwangilar, ko kuma a rage su da girmansu domin samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. . Ana misalta wannan da waɗannan shari'o'in a cikin House of Lords: Glynn v. Margetson & Co. [1893] A.C. 351; London da North Western Railway Co. v. Neilson [1922] 2 A.C. 263; Cunard Steamship Co. Ltd. v. Buerger [1927] A.C. 1; kuma ta Canada Steamship Lines Ltd v The King [1952] A.C. 192 da Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd. v. Rambler Cycle Co. Ltd. [1959] A.C. 576 a cikin Majalisar Keɓaɓɓu; da kararraki marasa adadi a Kotun Daukaka Kara, wanda ya ƙare a Levison v. Patent Steam Carpet Cleaning Co. Ltd. [1978] Q.B. 69. Amma a lokacin da maganar ta kasance mai hankali kuma ta sami sakamako mai ma'ana, alkalai sun yarda da shi; a kowane hali, lokacin da sashe bai keɓe alhakin gaba ɗaya ba amma kawai ya iyakance shi zuwa adadi mai ma'ana. Don haka inda aka ajiye kaya a cikin dakin alkyabba ko aika zuwa wurin wanki don tsaftacewa, yana da kyau kamfanin ya iyakance abin da ya dace da su zuwa adadi mai ma'ana, dangane da ƙaramin cajin da aka yi don sabis ɗin. An kwatanta waɗannan ta hanyar Gibaud v. Great Eastern Railway Co. [1921] 2 K.B. 426; Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] K.B. 189 da Gillespie Bros. & Co. Ltd. v Roy Bowles Transport Ltd. [1973] Q.B. 400. == Duba kuma == * Kwangila kyauta * Lochner zamanin * Rashin daidaito na ikon ciniki * Dokar kwangilar Ingilishi * Dokar kwangilar Amurka == Bayanan kula == * Atiyah, PS: "Tashi da Faɗuwar 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Oxford, Amurka; Sabon ed; Dec 12, 1985)  * Bernstein, David E.: [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1239749## ''<nowiki/>'Yancin Kwangila, Dokar George Mason & Takarda Binciken Tattalin Arziki Na 08-51 (2008)''] * Trebilcock, Michael J.: "Iyakokin 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Harvard Press)  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.quebecoislibre.org/younkins25.html 'Yancin Kwangila] Daga Dr. Edward Younkins [[Category:Tsari]] cx918593p8co76fw04ry7ib7cqgpg8v 915630 915629 2026-09-03T16:28:22Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:United Artists contract signature 1919.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710695886 o.jpg|thumb|Yancin kwangila]] ''''Yancin kwangila''' shi ne tsarin da daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi ke kulla kwangiloli ba tare da takunkumi na gwamnati ba. Wannan ya saba wa dokokin gwamnati kamar dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, dokokin gasar, takunkumin tattalin arziƙi, ƙayyadaddun farashi, ko ƙuntatawa kan kwangila tare da ma'aikata marasa izini. Ƴancin yin kwangila shi ne tushen tattalin arziki na ''laissez-faire'' kuma shine ginshiƙi na 'yancin walwala na kasuwanci. Masu ba da ra'ayi sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar "'yancin kwangila", mutane suna da [[Ƴancin zaɓi|'yancin zabar]] wanda za su yi kwangila, ko za su yi kwangila ko a'a, da kuma sharuddan kwangilan da su bi. [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710132141 o.jpg|thumb|Sanarwar Yancin Kwangila]] == Tarihi == Henry James Sumner Maine ya ba da shawarar cewa tsarin zamantakewa ya samo asali daga matsayin da aka samo daga matsayin zamantakewa zuwa waɗanda suka dogara da 'yancin kwangila.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} kafa wajibai da dangantaka ta haihuwa, amma kwangila yana ɗauka cewa mutane suna da 'yanci kuma daidai. Ƴanci na zamani, irin wanda Robert Nozick ya ci gaba, yana ganin 'yancin yin kwangila a matsayin furcin yanke shawara masu zaman kansu na mutane daban-daban suna biyan bukatun kansu a ƙarƙashin " ƙananan ƙasa ."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Amurka == === ''Lochner v.'' ''New York'' === A shekara ta 1902, an ci tarar wani ma'aikacin biredi na New York mai suna Joseph Lochner saboda karya dokar jihar da ta kayyade adadin sa'o'in da ma'aikatansa za su iya yin aiki. Ya kai karar jihar ne bisa dalilin tauye masa hakkinsa na “tsari da ya dace”. Lochner ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da 'yancin yin kwangila da ma'aikatansa ba tare da adalci ba kuma jihar ta yi katsalandan cikin rashin adalci. A cikin 1905, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yi amfani da juzu'in tsari don bayyana dokar jihar New York da ta sanya iyaka akan sa'o'i na aiki. Rufus Wheeler Peckham ya rubuta ga masu rinjaye: "A ƙarƙashin wannan tanadi babu wata kasa da za ta hana kowane mutum rai, yanci, ko dukiya ba tare da bin doka ba. Haƙƙin siye ko siyar da aiki wani ɓangare ne na 'yancin da wannan gyaran ya kare." <ref>Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).</ref> Da yake rubuta rashin amincewa, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ya zargi akasarin su da kafa hukuncin da ya yanke kan akidar laissez-faire . Ya yi imanin cewa tana yin doka bisa tattalin arziki maimakon fassara kundin tsarin mulki. Ya yi imanin cewa "'Yancin Kwangila" ba ya wanzu kuma ba a yi niyya ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} === Bayan haka === A cikin "Liberty of Contract" (1909), Roscoe Pound ya soki dokokin 'yanci na kwangila ta hanyar gabatar da shari'ar bayan shari'ar da Kotun Koli na jihohi da tarayya suka kashe 'yancin aiki. Pound ya bayar da hujjar cewa hukunce-hukuncen kotuna sun kasance "kuskure ne kawai" daga mahangar doka ta gama gari kuma "har ma daga na mutum-mutumi mai hankali" (482). Pound ya kara kwatanta yanayin dokokin aiki a lokacinsa zuwa ra'ayi na kowa game da riba da kuma cewa su biyun "na iri ɗaya ne" (484). Pound ya koka da cewa gadon irin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na "ilimi" da "na wucin gadi" na 'yancin yin kwangila sun haifar da "rasa girmamawa ga kotuna" amma ya yi hasashen makomar "haske" ga dokar aiki (486-487). <ref>Roscoe Pound, "Liberty of Contract," 18 Yale Law Journal 454 (1909).</ref> Kotun koli ta yi amfani da 'yancin koyar da kwangila a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa amma gabaɗaya ta amince da dokar kawo sauyi a matsayin tana cikin ikon 'yan sanda na jihohi. A shekara ta 1937 Kotun ta sauya ra'ayinta a shari'ar ''West Coast Hotel Co. v.'' ''Parrish'' . A wannan yanayin kotu ta amince da dokar [[Washington (jiha)|jihar Washington]] da ta tanadi mafi ƙarancin albashi . == Ƙasar Ingila == A ƙarshen karni na 19, ma'aikatar shari'a ta Ingila ta amince da "'yancin kwangila" a matsayin tsarin da ya dace da manufofin jama'a, wanda ya fi dacewa a karkashin dokan [[Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson|''Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson'']] <ref>(1875) 19 Eq 462, 465, regarding freedom of contract and patents</ref> na Sir George Jessel MR. A cikin karni 20 da suka gabata, ra'ayin dokar na gama gari ya canza gaba daya. A cikin dokar [[George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd]], [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning|Lord Denning MR]] ya kwatanta "'yancin kwangila" tare da zaluntar masu karamin karfi, a yayin da yake bayyana ci gaban da dokar ta samu. ''Ranar fna musamman akan 'yancin kwangila'' Babu ɗayanku a zamanin yau da zai tuna da matsalar da muka fuskanta - lokacin da aka kira ni kotu - tare da ƙa'idodin keɓancewa. An buga su a 'yan ƙananan takaddu a bayan tikiti da fom ɗin oda da daftari. An ƙunshi su a cikin kasida ko jadawalin lokaci. An dauke su don kare duk wanda ya dauke su ba tare da wata hamayya ba. Babu wanda ya taɓa yin adawa su. Bai taba karanta su ko sanin abin da ke cikinsu ba. Komai rashin ma'anar su ya tsayu akansu. Duk wannan an yi shi ne da sunan "'yancin kwangila". Amma ’yancin ya kasance a gefen babban abin damuwa wanda ke 'yan jaridu. Babu 'yancin ga ɗan ƙaramin mutumin da ya ɗauki tikiti ko tsari ko daftari. Babban abin damuwa ya ce, "Karɓi ko ka bar shi." Karamin mutum ba shi da wani zabi illa ya dauka. Babban damuwa zai iya kuma ya keɓe kansa daga abin alhaki don amfanin kansa ba tare da la'akari da ƙaramin mutum ba. Ya kan ci moriyar hakan lokaci bayan lokaci. Lokacin da kotuna suka ce wa wannan babbar damuwa, "Dole ne ku sanya shi a cikin kalmomi masu ma'ana", babbar damuwar nan kuwa ba ta da wani shakku kan yin hakan. Ya sani sarai cewa ƙaramin mutumin nan ba zai taɓa karanta ɓangarorin keɓancewar nan ba ko ya fahimce su ba. Lokaci ne mai tsanani ga dokar kwangilarmu. An kwatanta shi da sharudda biyu, ''Thompson v. London, Midland da Scottish Railway Co.'' [1930] 1 K.B. 41 (wanda akwai keɓancewa daga abin alhaki, ba akan tikitin ba, amma kawai a cikin ƙaramin bugu a bayan jadawalin lokaci, kuma kamfanin ba shi da alhakin) da L'Estrange v. F. Graucob Ltd. [1934] 2 K.B. 394. ''Makamin sirri'' Fuskantar wannan cin zarafi na mulki - ta masu ƙarfi a kan marasa ƙarfi - ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan sassan sharuddan - alkalai sun yi abin da za su iya don kawo karshen hakan. Har yanzu suna da gunki a gabansu, "'yancin kwangila". Har yanzu sun durƙusa, suka yi masa sujada, Amma sun ɓoye wani makami a ƙarƙashin mayafinsu. Sun yi amfani da shi wajen caka wa gunki wuka a baya. An kira wannan makamin "tsara aikin kwangila na gaskiya". Sun yi amfani da shi da fasaha da basira. Sun yi amfani da shi don su rabu da ma'anar dabi'a na kalmomin keɓewa da kuma sanya musu wani gini mai tsauri da rashin ɗabi'a. A cikin yanayi bayan yanayi, sun ce kalmomin ba su da ƙarfi don ba da babbar damuwa daga abin alhaki; ko kuma cewa a cikin yanayin babban abin damuwa bai cancanci dogara ga batun keɓancewa ba. Idan jirgi ya kauce daga tafiyar kwangilar, mai shi ba zai iya dogara da batun keɓancewa ba. Idan ma'aikacin sito ya ajiye kayan a cikin ma'ajin da bai dace ba, ba zai iya yin addu'a don taimakon ƙa'idar iyakancewa ba. Idan mai siyar ya ba da kaya daban-daban da waɗanda aka yi wa kwangilar, ba zai iya dogara ga kowane keɓe daga abin alhaki ba. Idan mai jirgin ruwa ya isar da kaya ga mutum ba tare da samar da lissafin jigilar kaya ba, ba zai iya tserewa alhaki ba ta hanyar la'akari da batun keɓancewa. A takaice dai, a duk lokacin da faffadan kalmomi – a ma’anarsu ta dabi’a – za su haifar da sakamako mara kyau, alkalai ko dai sun yi watsi da su a matsayin abin kyama ga babbar manufar kwangilar, ko kuma a rage su da girmansu domin samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. . Ana misalta wannan da waɗannan shari'o'in a cikin House of Lords: Glynn v. Margetson & Co. [1893] A.C. 351; London da North Western Railway Co. v. Neilson [1922] 2 A.C. 263; Cunard Steamship Co. Ltd. v. Buerger [1927] A.C. 1; kuma ta Canada Steamship Lines Ltd v The King [1952] A.C. 192 da Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd. v. Rambler Cycle Co. Ltd. [1959] A.C. 576 a cikin Majalisar Keɓaɓɓu; da kararraki marasa adadi a Kotun Daukaka Kara, wanda ya ƙare a Levison v. Patent Steam Carpet Cleaning Co. Ltd. [1978] Q.B. 69. Amma a lokacin da maganar ta kasance mai hankali kuma ta sami sakamako mai ma'ana, alkalai sun yarda da shi; a kowane hali, lokacin da sashe bai keɓe alhakin gaba ɗaya ba amma kawai ya iyakance shi zuwa adadi mai ma'ana. Don haka inda aka ajiye kaya a cikin dakin alkyabba ko aika zuwa wurin wanki don tsaftacewa, yana da kyau kamfanin ya iyakance abin da ya dace da su zuwa adadi mai ma'ana, dangane da ƙaramin cajin da aka yi don sabis ɗin. An kwatanta waɗannan ta hanyar Gibaud v. Great Eastern Railway Co. [1921] 2 K.B. 426; Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] K.B. 189 da Gillespie Bros. & Co. Ltd. v Roy Bowles Transport Ltd. [1973] Q.B. 400. == Duba kuma == * Kwangila kyauta * Lochner zamanin * Rashin daidaito na ikon ciniki * Dokar kwangilar Ingilishi * Dokar kwangilar Amurka == Bayanan kula == * Atiyah, PS: "Tashi da Faɗuwar 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Oxford, Amurka; Sabon ed; Dec 12, 1985)  * Bernstein, David E.: [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1239749## ''<nowiki/>'Yancin Kwangila, Dokar George Mason & Takarda Binciken Tattalin Arziki Na 08-51 (2008)''] * Trebilcock, Michael J.: "Iyakokin 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Harvard Press)  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.quebecoislibre.org/younkins25.html 'Yancin Kwangila] Daga Dr. Edward Younkins [[Category:Tsari]] 2b4vpz2kw3h8byibfc3mp7b75bkv665 915631 915630 2026-09-03T16:28:54Z Yusuf Murja 46196 915631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:United Artists contract signature 1919.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710695886 o.jpg|thumb|Yancin kwangila]] ''''Yancin kwangila''' shi ne tsarin da daidaikun mutane da kungiyoyi ke kulla kwangiloli ba tare da takunkumi na gwamnati ba. Wannan ya saba wa dokokin gwamnati kamar dokokin mafi ƙarancin albashi, dokokin gasar, takunkumin tattalin arziƙi, ƙayyadaddun farashi, ko ƙuntatawa kan kwangila tare da ma'aikata marasa izini. Ƴancin yin kwangila shi ne tushen tattalin arziki na ''laissez-faire'' kuma shine ginshiƙi na 'yancin walwala na kasuwanci. Masu ba da ra'ayi sun yi imanin cewa ta hanyar "'yancin kwangila", mutane suna da [[Ƴancin zaɓi|'yancin zabar]] wanda za su yi kwangila, ko za su yi kwangila ko a'a, da kuma sharuddan kwangilan da su bi. [[Fayil:Freedom-house-grant-announcement 5710132141 o.jpg|thumb|Sanarwar Yancin Kwangila]] == Tarihi == Henry James Sumner Maine ya ba da shawarar cewa tsarin zamantakewa ya samo asali daga matsayin da aka samo daga matsayin zamantakewa zuwa waɗanda suka dogara da 'yancin kwangila.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} kafa wajibai da dangantaka ta haihuwa, amma kwangila yana ɗauka cewa mutane suna da 'yanci kuma daidai. Ƴanci na zamani, irin wanda Robert Nozick ya ci gaba, yana ganin 'yancin yin kwangila a matsayin furcin yanke shawara masu zaman kansu na mutane daban-daban suna biyan bukatun kansu a ƙarƙashin " ƙananan ƙasa ."{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} == Amurka == === ''Lochner v.'' ''New York'' === A shekara ta 1902, an ci tarar wani ma'aikacin biredi na New York mai suna Joseph Lochner saboda karya dokar jihar da ta kayyade adadin sa'o'in da ma'aikatansa za su iya yin aiki. Ya kai karar jihar ne bisa dalilin tauye masa hakkinsa na “tsari da ya dace”. Lochner ya yi ikirarin cewa yana da 'yancin yin kwangila da ma'aikatansa ba tare da adalci ba kuma jihar ta yi katsalandan cikin rashin adalci. A cikin 1905, [[Babban kotun Koli na Amurka|Kotun Koli]] ta yi amfani da juzu'in tsari don bayyana dokar jihar New York da ta sanya iyaka akan sa'o'i na aiki. Rufus Wheeler Peckham ya rubuta ga masu rinjaye: "A ƙarƙashin wannan tanadi babu wata kasa da za ta hana kowane mutum rai, yanci, ko dukiya ba tare da bin doka ba. Haƙƙin siye ko siyar da aiki wani ɓangare ne na 'yancin da wannan gyaran ya kare." <ref>Lochner v. New York, 198 U.S. 45 (1905).</ref> Da yake rubuta rashin amincewa, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. ya zargi akasarin su da kafa hukuncin da ya yanke kan akidar laissez-faire . Ya yi imanin cewa tana yin doka bisa tattalin arziki maimakon fassara kundin tsarin mulki. Ya yi imanin cewa "'Yancin Kwangila" ba ya wanzu kuma ba a yi niyya ba a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} === Bayan haka === A cikin "Liberty of Contract" (1909), Roscoe Pound ya soki dokokin 'yanci na kwangila ta hanyar gabatar da shari'ar bayan shari'ar da Kotun Koli na jihohi da tarayya suka kashe ƴancin aiki. Pound ya bayar da hujjar cewa hukunce-hukuncen kotuna sun kasance "kuskure ne kawai" daga mahangar doka ta gama gari kuma "har ma daga na mutum-mutumi mai hankali" (482). Pound ya kara kwatanta yanayin dokokin aiki a lokacinsa zuwa ra'ayi na kowa game da riba da kuma cewa su biyun "na iri ɗaya ne" (484). Pound ya koka da cewa gadon irin wadannan hukunce-hukuncen shari'a na "ilimi" da "na wucin gadi" na 'yancin yin kwangila sun haifar da "rasa girmamawa ga kotuna" amma ya yi hasashen makomar "haske" ga dokar aiki (486-487). <ref>Roscoe Pound, "Liberty of Contract," 18 Yale Law Journal 454 (1909).</ref> Kotun koli ta yi amfani da ƴancin koyar da kwangila a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa amma gabaɗaya ta amince da dokar kawo sauyi a matsayin tana cikin ikon ƴan sanda na jihohi. A shekara ta 1937 Kotun ta sauya ra'ayinta a shari'ar ''West Coast Hotel Co. v.'' ''Parrish'' . A wannan yanayin kotu ta amince da dokar [[Washington (jiha)|jihar Washington]] da ta tanadi mafi ƙarancin albashi . == Ƙasar Ingila == A ƙarshen ƙarni na 19, ma'aikatar shari'a ta Ingila ta amince da "'yancin kwangila" a matsayin tsarin da ya dace da manufofin jama'a, wanda ya fi dacewa a karkashin dokan [[Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson|''Printing and Numerical Registering Co v Sampson'']] <ref>(1875) 19 Eq 462, 465, regarding freedom of contract and patents</ref> na Sir George Jessel MR. A cikin karni 20 da suka gabata, ra'ayin dokar na gama gari ya canza gaba daya. A cikin dokar [[George Mitchell (Chesterhall) Ltd v Finney Lock Seeds Ltd]], [[Tom Denning, Baron Denning|Lord Denning MR]] ya kwatanta "'yancin kwangila" tare da zaluntar masu karamin karfi, a yayin da yake bayyana ci gaban da dokar ta samu. ''Ranar fna musamman akan 'yancin kwangila'' Babu ɗayanku a zamanin yau da zai tuna da matsalar da muka fuskanta - lokacin da aka kira ni kotu - tare da ƙa'idodin keɓancewa. An buga su a 'yan ƙananan takaddu a bayan tikiti da fom ɗin oda da daftari. An ƙunshi su a cikin kasida ko jadawalin lokaci. An dauke su don kare duk wanda ya dauke su ba tare da wata hamayya ba. Babu wanda ya taɓa yin adawa su. Bai taba karanta su ko sanin abin da ke cikinsu ba. Komai rashin ma'anar su ya tsayu akansu. Duk wannan an yi shi ne da sunan "'yancin kwangila". Amma ’yancin ya kasance a gefen babban abin damuwa wanda ke 'yan jaridu. Babu 'yancin ga ɗan ƙaramin mutumin da ya ɗauki tikiti ko tsari ko daftari. Babban abin damuwa ya ce, "Karɓi ko ka bar shi." Karamin mutum ba shi da wani zabi illa ya dauka. Babban damuwa zai iya kuma ya keɓe kansa daga abin alhaki don amfanin kansa ba tare da la'akari da ƙaramin mutum ba. Ya kan ci moriyar hakan lokaci bayan lokaci. Lokacin da kotuna suka ce wa wannan babbar damuwa, "Dole ne ku sanya shi a cikin kalmomi masu ma'ana", babbar damuwar nan kuwa ba ta da wani shakku kan yin hakan. Ya sani sarai cewa ƙaramin mutumin nan ba zai taɓa karanta ɓangarorin keɓancewar nan ba ko ya fahimce su ba. Lokaci ne mai tsanani ga dokar kwangilarmu. An kwatanta shi da sharudda biyu, ''Thompson v. London, Midland da Scottish Railway Co.'' [1930] 1 K.B. 41 (wanda akwai keɓancewa daga abin alhaki, ba akan tikitin ba, amma kawai a cikin ƙaramin bugu a bayan jadawalin lokaci, kuma kamfanin ba shi da alhakin) da L'Estrange v. F. Graucob Ltd. [1934] 2 K.B. 394. ''Makamin sirri'' Fuskantar wannan cin zarafi na mulki - ta masu ƙarfi a kan marasa ƙarfi - ta hanyar amfani da ƙananan sassan sharuddan - alkalai sun yi abin da za su iya don kawo karshen hakan. Har yanzu suna da gunki a gabansu, "'yancin kwangila". Har yanzu sun durƙusa, suka yi masa sujada, Amma sun ɓoye wani makami a ƙarƙashin mayafinsu. Sun yi amfani da shi wajen caka wa gunki wuka a baya. An kira wannan makamin "tsara aikin kwangila na gaskiya". Sun yi amfani da shi da fasaha da basira. Sun yi amfani da shi don su rabu da ma'anar dabi'a na kalmomin keɓewa da kuma sanya musu wani gini mai tsauri da rashin ɗabi'a. A cikin yanayi bayan yanayi, sun ce kalmomin ba su da ƙarfi don ba da babbar damuwa daga abin alhaki; ko kuma cewa a cikin yanayin babban abin damuwa bai cancanci dogara ga batun keɓancewa ba. Idan jirgi ya kauce daga tafiyar kwangilar, mai shi ba zai iya dogara da batun keɓancewa ba. Idan ma'aikacin sito ya ajiye kayan a cikin ma'ajin da bai dace ba, ba zai iya yin addu'a don taimakon ƙa'idar iyakancewa ba. Idan mai siyar ya ba da kaya daban-daban da waɗanda aka yi wa kwangilar, ba zai iya dogara ga kowane keɓe daga abin alhaki ba. Idan mai jirgin ruwa ya isar da kaya ga mutum ba tare da samar da lissafin jigilar kaya ba, ba zai iya tserewa alhaki ba ta hanyar la'akari da batun keɓancewa. A takaice dai, a duk lokacin da faffadan kalmomi – a ma’anarsu ta dabi’a – za su haifar da sakamako mara kyau, alkalai ko dai sun yi watsi da su a matsayin abin kyama ga babbar manufar kwangilar, ko kuma a rage su da girmansu domin samar da kyakkyawan sakamako. . Ana misalta wannan da waɗannan shari'o'in a cikin House of Lords: Glynn v. Margetson & Co. [1893] A.C. 351; London da North Western Railway Co. v. Neilson [1922] 2 A.C. 263; Cunard Steamship Co. Ltd. v. Buerger [1927] A.C. 1; kuma ta Canada Steamship Lines Ltd v The King [1952] A.C. 192 da Sze Hai Tong Bank Ltd. v. Rambler Cycle Co. Ltd. [1959] A.C. 576 a cikin Majalisar Keɓaɓɓu; da kararraki marasa adadi a Kotun Daukaka Kara, wanda ya ƙare a Levison v. Patent Steam Carpet Cleaning Co. Ltd. [1978] Q.B. 69. Amma a lokacin da maganar ta kasance mai hankali kuma ta sami sakamako mai ma'ana, alkalai sun yarda da shi; a kowane hali, lokacin da sashe bai keɓe alhakin gaba ɗaya ba amma kawai ya iyakance shi zuwa adadi mai ma'ana. Don haka inda aka ajiye kaya a cikin dakin alkyabba ko aika zuwa wurin wanki don tsaftacewa, yana da kyau kamfanin ya iyakance abin da ya dace da su zuwa adadi mai ma'ana, dangane da ƙaramin cajin da aka yi don sabis ɗin. An kwatanta waɗannan ta hanyar Gibaud v. Great Eastern Railway Co. [1921] 2 K.B. 426; Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd [1945] K.B. 189 da Gillespie Bros. & Co. Ltd. v Roy Bowles Transport Ltd. [1973] Q.B. 400. == Duba kuma == * Kwangila kyauta * Lochner zamanin * Rashin daidaito na ikon ciniki * Dokar kwangilar Ingilishi * Dokar kwangilar Amurka == Bayanan kula == * Atiyah, PS: "Tashi da Faɗuwar 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Oxford, Amurka; Sabon ed; Dec 12, 1985)  * Bernstein, David E.: [https://ssrn.com/abstract=1239749## ''<nowiki/>'Yancin Kwangila, Dokar George Mason & Takarda Binciken Tattalin Arziki Na 08-51 (2008)''] * Trebilcock, Michael J.: "Iyakokin 'Yancin Kwangila" (Jami'ar Harvard Press)  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.quebecoislibre.org/younkins25.html 'Yancin Kwangila] Daga Dr. Edward Younkins [[Category:Tsari]] k32wrg25b0gbpn2y9i2sr892r1b85j1 0 49385 915410 821446 2026-09-03T12:20:56Z Pharouqenr 25549 915410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Muhammad Abdullahi''' wanda akafi sani da '''Kisoki''', na daya daga cikin sarakunan kano daga shekara ta 1509 zuwa shekara 1565.Yayi shekara 56 a kan mulki daya daga cikin mafi tsawo a lokacin rumfawa.<ref> Lange, Dierk (2009). "An Assyrian Successor State in West Africa. The Ancestral Kings of Kebbi as Ancient Near Eastern Rulers". Anthropos. 104 (2): 359–382. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2009-2-359. ISSN 0257-9774. JSTOR 40467180.</ref> ==Rayuwar farko== kisoki danda ga sarki abdullahi dan rumfa lamis. kisoki yayi zamani a lokacin kakanhi inda ya kasance a kotun sa yana dan karami.yanaayin kwarjininshi tun yara karami hakan yasa mutane suke cewa wata rana tabbas zai gaji mahaifinshi,ya rike [[Masarautar Kano|masaurartar kano]] ==Ahalinsa da kuma rayuwar aurenshi== ansamu magabata sun tabbar da yaranshi guda biyu,suma sunyi sarauta da yakubu dan dan tunus da kuma wna biyu wanda akema ikirari da muhammadu zaki ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} 44zvb5389av21tg78v1g3mv7cuo4o6e 0 54135 915588 876753 2026-09-03T16:10:20Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Awards and honours" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366821447|Chinedum Iregbu]]" 915588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinedum Iregbu''' // i (an haife shi a [[Tarihin Zariya|Zaria]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], arewa maso yammacin Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mawaki na Najeriya. Chinedum a halin yanzu shine Manajan Kula da Inganci na [[Mo Abudu|EbonyLife TV]], DSTV Channel 165. An san shi da Saint Maxzy ko Maxzy . == Ilimi == Chinedum Iregbu matashi ne na darektan fina-finai Na Najeriya, Edita kuma mai daukar hoto na ɗan lokaci. Yana da takardar shaidar a cikin Fim Production daga Gaston Kabore's Imagine Film Training Institute, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, takardar shafar difloma a cikin Mass Communication daga Jami'ar Jos da digiri na farko a cikin Film Arts / Motion Picture Production daga Cibiyar Fim ta Kasa, Jos, da ke cikin Jihar Plateau, Najeriya. == Ayyuka == Fim dinsa a matsayin Darakta ya hada da kyautar siyasa, In Dele Giwa's Shoes, Question Mark, Dud's Culture, wanda aka zaba don Cibiyar Nazarin Berlinale ta 2008 da <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-16 |title=Saint Maxzy |url=http://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/iregbu-chinedum/profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312072450/http://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/iregbu-chinedum/profile |archive-date=2017-03-12 |access-date=2017-03-10 |website=Berlinale-talents.de}}</ref> Anfara, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-22 |title=Anfara |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dem-1tdVZAE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312185921/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dem-1tdVZAE |archive-date=2017-03-12 |access-date=2017-03-10 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> kwaikwayon daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da tashin hankali a yankunan Najeriya, wanda ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da 'Darakta mafi kyau, Mafi kyawun Videography, Mafi kyawun Editawa da Mafi Kyawun Score a Gidan Talabijin Najeriya TVC Legacy Awards 2011, kuma ya lashe Kyautar Mai Fim din Fim na 2012 a bikin Silicon Valley na Afirka tare da Anfara. Ayyukansa na rubuce-rubuce sun haɗa da: "Point of no return" wani sharhi game da zaluncin Mutum ga dabbobi, Babban Kwamitin Tarihin Yammacin Afirka, Lalle, wani shirin kan tattoo na gida, Babu wani abu da ba daidai ba tare da kawuna ba, wani shirin game da Mysticism of Death da Becky's Journey (2014), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Becky's Journey (2014) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4317354/?ref_=nm_knf_t1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312061847/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt4317354/?ref_=nm_knf_t1 |archive-date=2017-03-12 |access-date=2017-03-10 |website=IMDb.com}}</ref> Sine Plambech (Denmark) Takaddun shaida game da baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba daga Najeriya zuwa [[Turai]] da sauransu. Yana daya daga cikin matasa Talents da aka ba su izinin yin fim a cikin shirye-shiryen 20 na Tarihi don tunawa da bikin cika shekaru 50 na 'yancin kai na [[Najeriya]] kuma sun yi aiki a fina-finai da yawa da Gwamnatocin Jihohi a Najeriya suka ba da izini ciki har da Gwamna [[Liyel Imoke]] da Gwamna [[Emmanuel E. Uduaghan|Emmanuel Eweta Uduaghan]] . == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * Official Nomination: Africa Magic Viewers Choice Award (AAMVCA 2026) - Best Movie - 3 COLD DISHES * Winner: 2012 Emerging Filmmaker Award “ANFARA – THEY’VE STARTED” (DIRECTOR, PRODUCER, EDITOR) Silicon Valley African Film Festival, Los Angeles * MULTIPLE AWARDS: Winner: Best Cinematography, Best Edit, Best Score and Best Director “ANFARA – THEY’VE STARTED” (DIRECTOR, PRODUCER, EDITOR) [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|NTA]] TVC LEGACY AWARDS 2011 * Multiple Nominations: “IN DELE GIWA’S SHOES” (Producer/DIRECTOR) IN-SHORT INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL, 2011 * Winner: Best Cinematography “ALL SORTS OF TROUBLE” (D.O.P) IN-SHORT INTERNATIONAL FILM FESTIVAL, 2011 * Winner: Best Student Film at the Zuma International Film Festival Abuja, Nigeria with the Film “IN DELE GIWA’S SHOES” 2010 (Producer/DIRECTOR) * Multiple Nominations: Terracotta Awards (2010). Lagos with the Film “LEMON GREEN” (2009). (Director of Photography) BEST CINEMATOGRAPHY. * Official Selection: 58TH Berlin International Film Festival’s (2008). Berlinale Talent Campus, Berlin- Germany with the Film “DUD’S CULTURE” (2007). (Director) * Official Selection: Lonely Hearts Club – NGO's Date Filmmakers BTC [[Jamus|Germany]] 2008 with the script “THE VICISSITUDE” (Writer) == Kyautuka da girmamawa == * Nadin da Aka Yi a Hukuma: Kyautar Zaɓar Masu Kallon Afirka Magic (AAMVCA 2026) - Fim Mafi Kyau - ABINCIN JIKA 3 MASU KYAU * Wanda ya lashe kyautar 2012 ta masu shirya fina-finai "ANFARA – SUN FARA" (DAREKTA, FUDUKARO, EDITA) Bikin Fina-finan Afirka na Silicon Valley, Los Angeles * KYAUTUTTUKAN DA YAWAN GWARGWADON: Wanda ya lashe: Mafi kyawun Fim, Mafi kyawun Gyara, Mafi Kyawun maki da kuma Mafi kyawun Darakta "ANFARA – SUN FARA" (DAREKTA, FURSA, EDITA) KYAUTUTTUKAN GASAR [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|NTA]] TVC 2011 * Naɗi da Yawa: “IN DELE GIWA'S SHOES” (Furodusa/Darakta) IN-SHORT INNATIONAL FIM BIKIN, 2011 * Wanda Ya Lashe: Mafi Kyawun Fim "DUK SORTS OF MATSALOLI" (DOP) IN-SHORT INTERNATIONAL FIM BIKIN, 2011 * Wanda Ya Lashe: Mafi Kyawun Fim ɗin Ɗalibi a Bikin Fina-finai na Zuma International a Abuja, Najeriya tare da Fim ɗin "IN DELE GIWA'S SHOES" 2010 (Furodusa/Darakta) * Zaɓe da Yawa: Kyautar Terracotta (2010). Legas tare da Fim ɗin "LEMON GREEN" (2009). (Daraktan Daukar Hoto) MAFI KYAU A CINEMATOGRAPHY. * Zaɓen Hukuma: Bikin Fina-finai na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Berlin na 58 (2008). Berlinale Talent Campus, Berlin- Jamus tare da Fim ɗin "DUD'S AL'ADUN" (2007). (Darakta) * Zaɓen Hukuma: Lonely Hearts Club – Ƙungiyar NGO's Date Masu Shirya Fina-finai BTC [[Jamus]] 2008 tare da rubutun "THE VICISSITUDE" (Marubuci) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] mojcv276xz18h4ww8y424ca1hcdyi3g 0 54166 915925 915098 2026-09-04T02:47:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Benneth Nwankwo''' listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1995) ɗan Najeriya ne mai daukar hoto kuma [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]]. Ya ''Fitowa'' ne daga Orumba North, [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], Najeriya. Har ila yau, an san shi da jagorantar miniserie na yanar gizo na makarantar sakandare kamar Filtered Water,<ref>{{Cite web |last=olutimehin |first=Nifemi Gideon |date=2021-05-25 |title=TV/WEB Miniseries, Like Filtered Water, Debuts On Cinema June 19th 2021 |url=https://www.ourheritagereporters.com.ng/tv-web-miniseries-like-filtered-water-debuts-on-cinema-june-19th-2021/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525164715/https://www.ourheritagereporters.com.ng/tv-web-miniseries-like-filtered-water-debuts-on-cinema-june-19th-2021/ |archive-date=25 May 2021 |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=OUR HERITAGE REPORTERS |language=en-US}}</ref> jerin wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka na makarantar sakandaren Najeriya Class of Secrets 2023-2024,<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2024 |title='Class of Secrets' Season 2 Will Unveil Deeper Mysteries and Welcome new faes |url=https://blexmedia.com/class-of-secrets-season-2/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=blexmedia.com}}</ref> da 2022 jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Dance Drama na Najeriya Breakout . A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2022, an sanar da Nwankwo a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Outstanding Movie Maker Award, a cikin 2022 Edition na Anambra Media And Entertainment Award . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Toni |date=2022-09-10 |title=AMEA 2022: Benneth Nwankwo Wins Outstanding Movie Maker Award |url=https://anambrapeople.com.ng/2022/09/10/amea-2022-benneth-nwankwo-wins-outstanding-movie-maker-award/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Anambra people magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Nwankwo ya ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa na zamani, ciki har da Like Filtered Water (2021), Breakout (2022), Abuse Of Rights (2021), This Is My Story (2020) da Dreams and Survival (2020). A watan Afrilu na 2021, an gaya masa cewa zai jagoranci fim din A Place Between Colours.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bada, Sheriff Owolabi |date=2 April 2021 |title=Nigerian Filmmaker Benneth Nwankwo announces plans for an upcoming feature film; A place between colours. |url=https://somolunewspaper.com.ng/2021/04/02/nigerian-filmmaker-benneth-nwankwo-announces-plans-for-an-upcoming-feature-film-a-place-between-colours/ |access-date=1 October 2021 |publisher=Somolu Newspaper |language=}}</ref> A ranar 25 ga Maris 2023, Benneth Nwankwo ya kasance mai magana a TED - wani taron TED da aka shirya da kansa a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, Jihar Anambra, wanda TED ta ba da lasisi. Benneth ya raba mataki tare da Porsché Mysticque Steele, Javier Nuñez, Obiadi Christen, Jasper Stevens, Sarauniya Murielle, Sunrise Oluebube Chukwuka Ike da Amos Ologunleko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Speakers – TEDxUNIZIK |url=https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144236/https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2022, an sanar da Nwankwo a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Outstanding Movie Maker Award a cikin 2022 Anambra Media And Entertainment Award.<ref name=":2"/> An zabi shi tare da masu shirya fina-finai Anthony Alex Rapulu Oramali, [[Uche Nancy|Nancy Uche]] da Jamie Godsword.<ref name=":2" /> A matsayinsa na mai daukar hoto<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otosirieze |first=Obi-young |date=30 March 2018 |title=Nigeria Through The Lens {{!}} Benneth Nwankwo's Richly-Textured Documentary Photographs |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/03/nigeria-lens-benneth-nwankwos-richly-textured-documentary-photography-project/ |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=[[Brittle Paper]] |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa, a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2020 ya bakuncin abin da aka dauka a matsayin nune-nunen hoto na farko na asali a Jihar Anambra. Taron da aka lakafta "Akaraka: Anambra Through A Lens", ya ja hankalin masu son fasaha da nishaɗi daga Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya da bayan haka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Okafor |first=Izunna |date=11 February 2020 |title=Akaraka Exhibition Showcases Anambra's Beauty Through Photos |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/285165/akaraka-exhibition-showcases-anambras-beauty-through-photos.html |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=The Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Wannan taron, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye, an yi niyya ne a wani bangare don nuna damar jihar a matsayin tattalin arzikin yawon bude ido, da fatan samar da tattalin arziki da rage aikata laifuka.<ref name=":1" /> Baya ga Nwankwo, sauran masu daukar hoto da aka nuna sune Uju Egwin, Obiora Okoye, da Michael Ike.<ref name=":1" /> Tsohon Kwamishinan Matasa da Tattalin Arziki a Jihar Anambra, Afam Mbanefo, ya yaba da Benneth Nwankwo na amfani da hotunan takardu don ba da labarun jihar Anambra.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, Benneth Nwankwo ya buga hotunan wani yaro mai shekaru tara da ke sayar da groundnut a jihar Anambra. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Tireni |date=5 October 2017 |title=Street photographer, Benneth Nwankwo shares encounter with a 9 year old groundnut hawker (photos) |url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/2017/10/street-photographer-benneth-nwankwo.html |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Kemi Filani News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Hotunan da sauri sun bazu a duk faɗin intanet kuma jaridu daban-daban a Najeriya sun buga su. Yawancin 'yan Najeriya, ciki har da dan takarar Gwamnatin Jihar Anambra na 2017, Okeke Chika Jerry, sun nuna sha'awar taimakawa yaron, Sunday Nweke, wajen inganta iliminsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petros |first=D. |date=24 October 2017 |title="If I take you to my house, my aunty will kill me"- 9 year old groundnut seller cries |url=https://theinfong.com/2017/10/take-house-aunty-will-kill-9-year-old-groundnut-seller-cries/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831111730/https://theinfong.com/2017/10/take-house-aunty-will-kill-9-year-old-groundnut-seller-cries/ |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Theinfong |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ƙarfafawa == A watan Oktoba 2020, wani kamfani na gidaje na Najeriya, De-GraceLand Home Consults, ya sanya hannu kan Benneth Nwankwo tare da Chioma Okonkwo (tsohuwar Miss Impact Anambra) a matsayin jakadun alama.<ref>{{Cite web |last=SAINT |first=AUGUSTINE |date=6 October 2020 |title=Straight Talk with Benneth gets sponsorship boost from De-GraceLand Home Consults |url=http://primetimereporters.com/2020/10/straight-talk-with-benneth-gets-sponsorship-boost-from-de-graceland-home-consults/ |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Prime Time Reporters}}</ref> Yarjejeniyar ta dauki shekara guda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=Real Estate Brand De-GraceLand Home Consults looks to the future as Chioma Okonkwo and Benneth Nwankwo become Ambassadors. |url=https://degracelandhomes.com/de-graceland-home-consults-signs-former-anambra-state-miss-impact-chioma-okonkwo-and-benneth-nwankwo-as-brand-ambassadors/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520182609/https://degracelandhomes.com/de-graceland-home-consults-signs-former-anambra-state-miss-impact-chioma-okonkwo-and-benneth-nwankwo-as-brand-ambassadors/ |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |publisher=De-GraceLand |language=}}</ref> == Littafin == * ''Yadda za a rubuta game da Najeriya: Tarin Bayani na Satirical wanda ke ƙoƙarin haskaka yanayin Najeriya''. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Mafarki da Rayuwa'' (2020) * ''Abin da ba za a iya musanyawa ba'' (2020) * ''Ƙananan Abubuwa Masu Muhimmanci'' (2020) * Wannan shine Labata (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyacinth |first=Chiemere |date=18 December 2020 |title=This Is My Story - Thrilling Movie About Police Brutality To Premiere In Cinemas On December 27 2020 - Hybrid News |url=https://hybridnewsng.com/this-is-my-story-thrilling-movie-about-police-brutality-to-premiere-in-cinemas-on-december-27-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823152937/https://hybridnewsng.com/this-is-my-story-thrilling-movie-about-police-brutality-to-premiere-in-cinemas-on-december-27-2020/ |archive-date=2021-08-23 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Hybrid News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyacinth |first=Chiemere |date=7 January 2021 |title=SHORT FILMS: "This Is My Story" and "The Little Things That Matter" are coming back to Cinema on the 31st of January 2021. - Hybrid News |url=https://hybridnewsng.com/short-films-this-is-my-story-and-the-little-things-that-matter-are-coming-back-to-cinema-on-the-31st-of-january-2021/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908183923/https://hybridnewsng.com/short-films-this-is-my-story-and-the-little-things-that-matter-are-coming-back-to-cinema-on-the-31st-of-january-2021/ |archive-date=2021-09-08 |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=Hybrid News |language=en-US}}</ref> * Cin zarafin 'yanci (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=olutimehin |first=Nifemi Gideon |date=9 February 2021 |title=Abuse of Right, Benneth Nwankwo's directed short film in Cinemas February 14th |url=https://www.ourheritagereporters.com.ng/abuse-of-right-benneth-nwankwos-directed-short-film-in-cinemas-february-14th/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823160003/https://www.ourheritagereporters.com.ng/abuse-of-right-benneth-nwankwos-directed-short-film-in-cinemas-february-14th/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=OUR HERITAGE REPORTERS |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyacinth |first=Chiemere |date=18 December 2020 |title=This Is My Story - Thrilling Movie About Police Brutality To Premiere In Cinemas On December 27 2020 - Hybrid News |url=https://hybridnewsng.com/this-is-my-story-thrilling-movie-about-police-brutality-to-premiere-in-cinemas-on-december-27-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823152937/https://hybridnewsng.com/this-is-my-story-thrilling-movie-about-police-brutality-to-premiere-in-cinemas-on-december-27-2020/ |archive-date=2021-08-23 |access-date=2021-09-08 |website=Hybrid News |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Hustler'' (2021) * ''Yanar gizo'' (2020) * ''Kamar Ruwa Mai Fitarwa - Jerin'' (2021), 3 episodes <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2021 |title=Benneth Nwankwo Ready to Impress with Like Filtered Water |url=https://thesquaretoday.com/benneth-nwankwo-ready-to-impress-with-like-filtered-water/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823160005/https://thesquaretoday.com/benneth-nwankwo-ready-to-impress-with-like-filtered-water/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=The Square Today |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Wuri Tsakanin Launuka'' (2021) * Breakout (2022 TV miniseries), 1 episode * ''Rashin daidaituwa (2022) '' * Class of Secrets (2023), jerin yanar gizo na Najeriya * Ba cikakke ba (2025), jerin yanar gizo na Najeriya == Aiki == Nwankwo ya ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa na zamani, ciki har da Like Filtered Water (2021), Breakout (2022), Abuse Of Rights (2021), This Is My Story (2020) da Dreams and Survival (2020). A watan Afrilu na 2021, an gaya masa cewa zai jagoranci fim din A Place Between Colours . [1] A ranar 25 ga Maris 2023, Benneth Nwankwo ya kasance mai magana a TED - wani taron TED da aka shirya da kansa a Jami'ar Nnamdi Azikiwe, Awka, Jihar Anambra, wanda TED ta ba da lasisi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2026}} Benneth ya raba mataki tare da Porsché Mysticque Steele, Javier Nuñez, Obiadi Christen, Jasper Stevens, Sarauniya Murielle, Sunrise Oluebube Chukwuka Ike da Amos Ologunleko . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speakers – TEDxUNIZIK |url=https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144236/https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Satumba 2022, an sanar da Nwankwo a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar Outstanding Movie Maker Award a cikin 2022 Anambra Media And Entertainment Award . <ref name=":2"/> An zabi shi tare da masu shirya fina-finai Anthony Alex Rapulu Oramali, [[Uche Nancy|Nancy Uche]] da Jamie Godsword . <ref name=":2" /> A matsayinsa na mai daukar hoto <ref>{{Cite web |last=Otosirieze |first=Obi-young |date=30 March 2018 |title=Nigeria Through The Lens {{!}} Benneth Nwankwo's Richly-Textured Documentary Photographs |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2018/03/nigeria-lens-benneth-nwankwos-richly-textured-documentary-photography-project/ |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=[[Brittle Paper]] |language=en-US}}</ref> da kuma mai gabatar da shirye-shiryen tattaunawa, a ranar 31 ga watan Janairun 2020 ya dauki bakuncin abin da aka dauka a matsayin nune-nunen hoto na farko na asali a Jihar Anambra. Taron da aka lakafta "Akaraka: Anambra Through A Lens", ya ja hankalin masu son fasaha da nishaɗi daga Kudu maso Gabashin Najeriya da bayan haka.<ref name=":0"/> Wannan taron, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye, an yi niyya ne a wani bangare don nuna damar jihar a matsayin tattalin arzikin yawon bude ido, da fatan samar da damar tattalin arziki da rage aikata laifuka.<ref name=":1" /> Baya ga Nwankwo, sauran masu daukar hoto da aka nuna sune Uju Egwin, Obiora Okoye, da Michael Ike.<ref name=":1" /> Tsohon Kwamishinan Matasa da Tattalin Arziki a Jihar Anambra, Afam Mbanefo, ya yaba da Benneth Nwankwo na amfani da hotunan takardu don ba da labarun jihar Anambra.<ref name=":0" /> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017, Benneth Nwankwo ya buga hotunan wani yaro mai shekaru tara da ke sayar da groundnut a jihar Anambra. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebayo |first=Tireni |date=5 October 2017 |title=Street photographer, Benneth Nwankwo shares encounter with a 9 year old groundnut hawker (photos) |url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/2017/10/street-photographer-benneth-nwankwo.html |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Kemi Filani News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Hotunan da sauri sun bazu a duk faɗin intanet kuma jaridu daban-daban a Najeriya sun buga su. Yawancin 'yan Najeriya, ciki har da dan takarar Gwamnatin Jihar Anambra na 2017, Okeke Chika Jerry, sun nuna sha'awar taimakawa yaron, Sunday Nweke, wajen inganta iliminsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petros |first=D. |date=24 October 2017 |title="If I take you to my house, my aunty will kill me"- 9 year old groundnut seller cries |url=https://theinfong.com/2017/10/take-house-aunty-will-kill-9-year-old-groundnut-seller-cries/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831111730/https://theinfong.com/2017/10/take-house-aunty-will-kill-9-year-old-groundnut-seller-cries/ |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-31 |website=Theinfong |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} == Career == Nwankwo ya ba da umarni a wasu fina-finai na zamani, ciki har da ''Like Filtered Water'' (2021), ''Breakout'' (2022), ''Abuse Of Rights'' (2021), ''This Is My Story'' (2020) da kuma ''Dreams and Survival''(2020). Benneth ya raba wasan tare da Porsché Mysticque Steele, Javier Nuñez, Obiadi Christen, Jasper Stevens, Queen Murielle, Sunrise Oluebube Chukwuka Ike da Amos Ologunleko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Speakers – TEDxUNIZIK |url=https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603144236/https://tedxunizik.com/speakers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kwaikwayo kai tsaye, an yi shi ne don nuna ƙarfin jihar a matsayin tattalin arzikin yawon buɗe ido, da fatan samar da damammaki na tattalin arziki da rage aikata laifuka .<ref name=":1" /> == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|11776379}} {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1995]] fia4hknos56qzizi2nfekb9jjka0v9i 0 54177 915465 914255 2026-09-03T13:05:58Z Amadee619 37975 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372542846|Chike Nwoffiah]]" 915465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chike C. Nwoffiah''' listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1965 a Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Top Ten Most Influential African Americans" a cikin San Francisco Bay Area ta City Flight Magazine a cikin 2000. == Ilimi da aiki == Nwoffiah ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia]], da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKER: Chike Nwoffiah |url=https://www.twasummit.com/chike-nwoffiah |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Trade With Africa}}</ref> kafin ta koma Amurka don karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Columbia (INM) da [[Hollywood Film Institute|Cibiyar Fim ta Hollywood]] . Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Rhesus Media Group kuma babban darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oriki, duka biyu a California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=Chike Nwoffiah Biography: All You Need To Know |url=https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419050401/https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=GossipTrendz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2007 |title=Music - Chike C. Nwoffiah |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |access-date=16 February 2010 |website=Palo Alto Online - page 15 - Worth a Look |publisher=Palo Alto Weekly}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na ma'aikata a Kwalejin Menlo, California . <ref name="Wunder">{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=An Interview with Silicon Valley's African Film Festival founder Chike C Nwoffiah |url=https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616044906/https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=The Wunderland |publisher=The Wunderland 2021}}</ref> Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a C3 Media, [[Abuja]], Najeriya. Ya kasance darektan bikin fina-finai na Silicon Valley na Afirka . <ref name="Wunder" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == * 2000: Girman baki a Amurka''Girma da baƙar fata a Amurka'' * 2001: ''Jamaica - Ruhun Kasuwanci'' * 2002: ''Tantu'' * 2003: ''Wani Gishiri a Tarihi'' * 2004: Kisan kai a Choctaw''Kashewa a cikin Choctaw'' * 2005: Kowane Ƙididdigar Sauka''Kowane Kashi na Sauka'' * 2006: ''Bridges'' * 2007: ''Farka Afirka'' * 2009: ''Addu'a don Inauguration'' * 2009: ''Sabar - rayuwa rawa ce!'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] i7voo47vrxfv4onrf3bdu34iuto271o 915466 915465 2026-09-03T13:06:58Z Amadee619 37975 915466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chike C. Nwoffiah''' listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1965 a Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Top Ten Most Influential African Americans" a cikin San Francisco Bay Area ta City Flight Magazine a cikin 2000. == Ilimi da aiki == Nwoffiah ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia]], da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKER: Chike Nwoffiah |url=https://www.twasummit.com/chike-nwoffiah |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Trade With Africa}}</ref> kafin ta koma Amurka don karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Columbia (INM) da [[Hollywood Film Institute|Cibiyar Fim ta Hollywood]] . Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Rhesus Media Group kuma babban darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oriki, duka biyu a California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=Chike Nwoffiah Biography: All You Need To Know |url=https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419050401/https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=GossipTrendz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2007 |title=Music - Chike C. Nwoffiah |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |access-date=16 February 2010 |website=Palo Alto Online - page 15 - Worth a Look |publisher=Palo Alto Weekly}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na ma'aikata a Kwalejin Menlo, California . <ref name="Wunder">{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=An Interview with Silicon Valley's African Film Festival founder Chike C Nwoffiah |url=https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616044906/https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=The Wunderland |publisher=The Wunderland 2021}}</ref> Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a C3 Media, [[Abuja]], Najeriya. Ya kasance darektan bikin fina-finai na Silicon Valley na Afirka . <ref name="Wunder" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == * 2000: Girman baki a Amurka''Girma da baƙar fata a Amurka'' * 2001: ''Jamaica - Ruhun Kasuwanci'' * 2002: ''Tantu'' * 2003: ''Wani Gishiri a Tarihi'' * 2004: Kisan kai a Choctaw''Kashewa a cikin Choctaw'' * 2005: Kowane Ƙididdigar Sauka''Kowane Kashi na Sauka'' * 2006: ''Bridges'' * 2007: ''Farka Afirka'' * 2009: ''Addu'a don Inauguration'' * 2009: ''Sabar - rayuwa rawa ce!'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 656sfit4osfadc28okqmljkwxd25379 915467 915466 2026-09-03T13:07:19Z Amadee619 37975 915467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chike C. Nwoffiah''' listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1965 a Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Top Ten Most Influential African Americans" a cikin San Francisco Bay Area ta City Flight Magazine a cikin 2000. == Ilimi da aiki == Nwoffiah ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia]], da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKER: Chike Nwoffiah |url=https://www.twasummit.com/chike-nwoffiah |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Trade With Africa}}</ref> kafin ta koma Amurka don karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Columbia (INM) da [[Hollywood Film Institute|Cibiyar Fim ta Hollywood]] . Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Rhesus Media Group kuma babban darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oriki, duka biyu a California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=Chike Nwoffiah Biography: All You Need To Know |url=https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419050401/https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=GossipTrendz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2007 |title=Music - Chike C. Nwoffiah |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |access-date=16 February 2010 |website=Palo Alto Online - page 15 - Worth a Look |publisher=Palo Alto Weekly}}</ref> Ya kasance memba na ma'aikata a Kwalejin Menlo, California . <ref name="Wunder">{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=An Interview with Silicon Valley's African Film Festival founder Chike C Nwoffiah |url=https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616044906/https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=The Wunderland |publisher=The Wunderland 2021}}</ref> Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a C3 Media, [[Abuja]], Najeriya. Ya kasance darektan bikin fina-finai na Silicon Valley na Afirka . <ref name="Wunder" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == * 2000: Girman baki a Amurka''Girma da baƙar fata a Amurka'' * 2001: ''Jamaica - Ruhun Kasuwanci'' * 2002: ''Tantu'' * 2003: ''Wani Gishiri a Tarihi'' * 2004: Kisan kai a Choctaw''Kashewa a cikin Choctaw'' * 2005: Kowane Ƙididdigar Sauka''Kowane Kashi na Sauka'' * 2006: ''Bridges'' * 2007: ''Farka Afirka'' * 2009: ''Addu'a don Inauguration'' * 2009: ''Sabar - rayuwa rawa ce!'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 020uxubvdttmuk2ejw8ursampb4f4q5 916043 915467 2026-09-04T11:00:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chike C. Nwoffiah''' listenⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 1965 a Najeriya) ɗan fim ne kuma mai ba da shawara kan zane-zane. An lissafa shi a matsayin daya daga cikin "Top Ten Most Influential African Americans" a cikin San Francisco Bay Area ta City Flight Magazine a cikin 2000. == Ilimi da aiki == Nwoffiah ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Gwamnati Umuahia|Kwalejin Gwamnati, Umuahia]], da [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPEAKER: Chike Nwoffiah |url=https://www.twasummit.com/chike-nwoffiah |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=Trade With Africa}}</ref> kafin ta koma Amurka don karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Columbia (INM) da [[Hollywood Film Institute|Cibiyar Fim ta Hollywood]] . Ya kasance shugaban kungiyar Rhesus Media Group kuma babban darakta na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Oriki, duka biyu a California.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=Chike Nwoffiah Biography: All You Need To Know |url=https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419050401/https://gossiptrendz.com/chike-nwoffiah-biography/ |archive-date=19 April 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=GossipTrendz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2007 |title=Music - Chike C. Nwoffiah |url=http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |access-date=16 February 2010 |website=Palo Alto Online - page 15 - Worth a Look |publisher=Palo Alto Weekly |archive-date=16 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616014138/http://www.paloaltoonline.com/weekly/morguepdf/2007/2007_03_30.paw.section1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya kasance memba na ma'aikata a Kwalejin Menlo, California . <ref name="Wunder">{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=An Interview with Silicon Valley's African Film Festival founder Chike C Nwoffiah |url=https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616044906/https://thewunderland.de/interview-silicon-valleys-african-film-festival-founder-chike-c-nwoffiah/ |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=15 June 2021 |website=The Wunderland |publisher=The Wunderland 2021}}</ref> Ya kasance Babban Abokin Hulɗa a C3 Media, [[Abuja]], Najeriya. Ya kasance darektan bikin fina-finai na Silicon Valley na Afirka . <ref name="Wunder" /> == Hotunan fina-finai == * 2000: Girman baki a Amurka''Girma da baƙar fata a Amurka'' * 2001: ''Jamaica - Ruhun Kasuwanci'' * 2002: ''Tantu'' * 2003: ''Wani Gishiri a Tarihi'' * 2004: Kisan kai a Choctaw''Kashewa a cikin Choctaw'' * 2005: Kowane Ƙididdigar Sauka''Kowane Kashi na Sauka'' * 2006: ''Bridges'' * 2007: ''Farka Afirka'' * 2009: ''Addu'a don Inauguration'' * 2009: ''Sabar - rayuwa rawa ce!'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] fz1kgphrig71f31048p4i8zplq1v7tm 0 54189 916018 886645 2026-09-04T09:26:01Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Filmography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348086137|Imoh Umoren]]" 916018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Imoh Umoren''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1982), ɗan fim ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] wanda ke yin fina-finai na indie . Ya fi shahara a matsayin darektan fim din 2017 Children of Mud . Umoren an dauke shi Mai shirya fim-finai na farko da ya yi fim din baki da fari a masana'antar fina-falla ta [[Nollywood]].<ref name="kweli">{{Cite web |title=Imoh Umoren career |url=https://www.kweli.tv/authors/imoh-umoren |access-date=13 October 2020 |publisher=kweliTV, Inc.}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1982 a Najeriya. Mahaifinsa ɗan siyasa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa farfesa ce a kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Interview: Imoh Umoren, African Filmmaker Talks Career Plus "Lagos: Sex, Lies & Traffic" |url=https://www.indieactivity.com/imoh-umoren-interview/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=Indie Activity}}</ref> Umoren ya yaba da tasirin mahaifiyarsa don aikinsa a cikin fim. Iyayensa biyu sun mutu lokacin da yake matashi, kuma dangi ne suka yi renonsa har sai da ya fadi da kansa yana da shekaru 16.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=Losing My Parents And Two Siblings Scared Me Shitless — Man Like Imoh Umoren |url=https://www.zikoko.com/man/man-like-imoh-umoren/ |access-date=2021-05-30 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da yake da shekaru 9, Umoren ya fara rubuta jerin wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira The ''Wickeds'' tare da abokinsa mafi kusa Richie . Ya shiga a matsayin ƙaramin furodusa na 'Common Ground Production' kuma ya yi aiki a kan jerin ƙasashen duniya da ake kira The Station . Daga baya, ya shiga cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin irin su Project Fame, MTV Advance Warning, Don't Forget The Lyrics da ''Malta Guinness Street Dance'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Imoh Umoren: The rise of a filmmaker |url=https://www.omenkaonline.com/imoh-umoren-the-rise-of-a-filmmaker/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=Omenka Online |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027211620/https://www.omenkaonline.com/imoh-umoren-the-rise-of-a-filmmaker/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 26, ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko ''Lemon Green.'' . <ref name=":0"/> Fim din ya sami yabo mai mahimmanci. Sa'an nan a cikin 2010, ya ba da umarnin gajeren fim din All Sorts Of Trouble . A cikin 2013, an zabi fim dinsa na TV Have A Nice Day don Mafi Kyawun Cinematography . A shekara ta 2015 ya ba da umarnin fim din baki da fari mai suna Hard Times, wanda ya ba shi lambar yabo ta AMVCA ta farko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMVCA 2015: Imoh Umoren wins Best New Media Online Video |url=https://africamagic.dstv.com/video/amvca-2015-imoh-umoren-wins-best-new-media-online-video_797864 |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=Africa Magic - AMVCA 2015: Imoh Umoren wins Best New Media Online Video |language=en}}</ref> Don fim dinsa mai ban tsoro The Happyness Limited, an zabi dan wasan kwaikwayo Tope Tedela a matsayin Mafi kyawun Actor a Afirka a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). <ref name="kweli"/> Umoren daga baya ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarnin fim din da aka yaba da shi Children of Mud wanda ya dogara ne akan ainihin labarin. Fim din ya sami gabatarwa 7 a bukukuwan fina-finai daban-daban na kasa da kasa ciki har da: Nigeria Entertainment Awards (NEA) da AMVCA. An nuna fim dinsa na gaba mai ban tsoro Dear Bayo a bukukuwan fina-finai 11 kuma ya lashe kyaututtuka 6 a bikin Nollywood na Burtaniya wasu bukukuwan fim na kasa da kasa.<ref name="kweli" /> Umoren ya kuma ba da umarnin fim din Lagos: Sex, Lies & Traffic wanda ya rubuta tare da Gbemisola Afolabi Daga nan sai ya kammala samar da wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin The [[Herbert Macaulay]] Affair, fim game da Herbert Macaulay, a cikin shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=From an idea to the big screen: The journey of producing a movie |url=https://www.stearsng.com/premium/article/from-an-idea-to-the-big-screen-the-journey-of-producing-a-movie |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=Stears Business}}</ref> A cikin 2020, ya yi jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Channel 77. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Tabbacin. |- |2004 |''Lokaci Mai wuya'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2007 |''Tashar'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2007 |''Kashe Bankin'' |Mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2007 |''Kada ku manta da kalmomin'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2008 |''Shahararren aikin'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin | |- |2008 |''MTN Xtra Connect Game Show'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2008 |''Gargadi na Ci gaba na MTV'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2009 |''Lemon Green'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din |<ref>{{Cite web |title=I want to take Lemon Green to 22 film festivals says, Imoh Umoren |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/8008/i-want-to-take-lemon-green-to-22-film-festivals-says-imoh-u.html |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=thenigerianvoice}}</ref> |- |2009 |''Malta Guinness Street Dance'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin | |- |2010 |''Dukkanin Matsala'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2013 |''Yi Rana Mai Kyau'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2015 |''Legas: Jima'i, Ƙarya & Hanyar Hanyar Hoto'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2016 |''Farin Ciki da aka Ƙuntata'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2017 |''[[Children of Mud|Yaran Mud]]'' |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2018 |Kungiyar | | | |- |2019 |''[[The Herbert Macaulay Affair|Batun Herbert Macaulay]]'' |Darakta, furodusa |Fim din | |- |2020 |''[[Dear Bayo|ƙaunataccen Bayo]]'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Fina-finai ==  {{Reflist}} '''Imoh Umoren''' (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga Agusta 1982), fitaccen mai shirya fina-finai ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] wanda galibi yake yin fina-finan indie . <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2018 |title=Imoh Umoren: Setting The Pace In Indie Film |url=https://guardian.ng/life/imoh-umoren-setting-the-pace-in-indie-film/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Shi ne ya fi shahara a matsayin daraktan fim ɗin 2017 ''[[Children of Mud|mai suna Children of Mud]]'' . Ana ɗaukar Umoren a matsayin mai shirya fina-finai na farko da ya yi fim mai launin baƙi da fari a masana'antar fina-finan [[Nollywood]] . <ref name="kweli">{{Cite web |title=Imoh Umoren career |url=https://www.kweli.tv/authors/imoh-umoren |access-date=13 October 2020 |publisher=kweliTV, Inc.}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 1982 a Najeriya. Mahaifinsa ɗan siyasa ne kuma mahaifiyarsa farfesa ce a kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Interview: Imoh Umoren, African Filmmaker Talks Career Plus "Lagos: Sex, Lies & Traffic" |url=https://www.indieactivity.com/imoh-umoren-interview/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=Indie Activity}}</ref> Umoren ya yaba da tasirin mahaifiyarsa don aikinsa a cikin fim. Iyayensa biyu sun mutu lokacin da yake matashi, kuma dangi ne suka yi renonsa har sai da ya fadi da kansa yana da shekaru 16.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-05-30 |title=Losing My Parents And Two Siblings Scared Me Shitless — Man Like Imoh Umoren |url=https://www.zikoko.com/man/man-like-imoh-umoren/ |access-date=2021-05-30 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Yana da shekara 9, Umoren ya fara rubuta wani jerin labaran barkwanci (comic series) mai suna The Wickeds tare da abokinsa na kusa mai suna Richie. Ya shiga aiki a matsayin ƙaramin furodusa (junior producer) a kamfanin shirya fina-finai na Common Ground Production, inda ya yi aiki a kan wani jerin shiri na ƙasa da ƙasa mai suna The Station. Daga baya kuma ya shiga cikin manyan shirye-shiryen talabijin na jerin shiri (franchise TV productions) kamar Project Fame, MTV Advance Warning, Don’t Forget The Lyrics da kuma Malta Guinness Street Dance. Yana da shekara 26, ya shirya fim ɗinsa na farko mai tsawo (feature film) mai suna Lemon Green. Fim ɗin ya samu yabo sosai daga masu nazari. Daga nan a shekarar 2010, ya ba da umarni ga ɗan gajeren fim mai suna All Sorts Of Trouble. A shekarar 2013, fim ɗinsa na talabijin Have A Nice Day an zaɓe shi a rukunin kyautar mafi kyawun Cinematography (wato yadda ake ɗaukar hoto da shirya haske a fim). A shekarar 2015, ya shirya fim ɗin baƙi-da-fari (black and white) wanda ba shi da magana (silent movie) mai suna Hard Times, wanda ya ba shi nasarar lashe kyautarsa ta farko ta AMVCA. Dangane da fim ɗinsa na baƙin ciki (tragedy) mai suna The Happyness Limited, babban jarumin fim ɗin, Tope Tedela, an zaɓe shi a matsayin mafi kyawun jarumi a Afirka a Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). Umoren daga baya ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni (directing) ga fim ɗin da ya samu yabo sosai mai suna Children of Mud, wanda aka ɗan gina labarinsa ne bisa wani ainihin labari. Fim ɗin ya samu zaɓe (nominations) guda 7 a manyan bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya daban-daban, ciki har da Nigeria Entertainment Awards (NEA) da kuma AMVCA. Fim ɗinsa na gaba mai taken Dear Bayo (wanda yake nau’in baƙin ciki/tragedy) an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai guda 11, kuma ya lashe lambobin yabo guda 6 a UK Nollywood Festival da sauran bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya. Haka kuma, Umoren ya ba da umarni ga fim ɗin Lagos: Sex, Lies & Traffic, wanda ya rubuta tare da Gbemisola Afolabi. Daga nan ya kammala shirya wasan kwaikwayo na lokacin ''The Herbert Macaulay Affair'', wani fim game da tarihin rayuwar [[Herbert Macaulay]], a cikin 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-02 |title=Imoh Umoren features Herbert Macaulay's grandson, Wale in a new film, 'The Herbert Macaulay Affair' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/imoh-umoren-features-herbert-macaulays-grandson-wale-in-a-new-film-the-herbert/ngp4y6v |access-date=2021-01-06 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=From an idea to the big screen: The journey of producing a movie |url=https://www.stearsng.com/premium/article/from-an-idea-to-the-big-screen-the-journey-of-producing-a-movie |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=Stears Business}}</ref> A cikin 2020, ya yi shirin wasan kwaikwayo ''na Channel 77.'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2020 |title=Imoh Umoren flashes Kelechi Udegbe as its lead star in 'Channel 77' teaser |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/imoh-umoren-flashes-kelechi-udegbe-as-its-lead-star-in-channel-77-teaser/kpgcl1w |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=pulse}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi !Irin wannan !Tabbacin. |- |2004 |''Lokaci Mai wuya'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2007 |''Tashar'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2007 |''Kashe Bankin'' |Mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2007 |''Kada ku manta da kalmomin'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2008 |''Shahararren aikin'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin | |- |2008 |''MTN Xtra Connect Game Show'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2008 |''Gargadi na Ci gaba na MTV'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirye-shiryen talabijin | |- |2009 |''Lemon Green'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din |<ref>{{Cite web |title=I want to take Lemon Green to 22 film festivals says, Imoh Umoren |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/8008/i-want-to-take-lemon-green-to-22-film-festivals-says-imoh-u.html |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=thenigerianvoice}}</ref> |- |2009 |''Malta Guinness Street Dance'' |Junior mai gabatarwa |Shirin talabijin | |- |2010 |''Dukkanin Matsala'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2013 |''Yi Rana Mai Kyau'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2015 |''Legas: Jima'i, Ƙarya & Hanyar Hanyar Hoto'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmmaker X-rays Lagosians in new film, 'Lagos: Sex, Lies and Traffic |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/filmmaker-x-rays-lagosians-in-new-film-lagos-sex-lies-and-traffic/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=thenationonlineng}}</ref> |- |2016 |''Farin Ciki da aka Ƙuntata'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2017 |''[[Children of Mud|Yaran Mud]]'' |Darakta, furodusa, marubuci |Fim din | |- |2018 |Kungiyar | | | |- |2019 |''[[The Herbert Macaulay Affair|Batun Herbert Macaulay]]'' |Darakta, furodusa |Fim din |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=The Herbert Macaulay Affair is a timely reminder that Nigerian history matters (Review) |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/the-herbert-macaulay-affair-movie-review/e0rzhe6 |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=pulse}}</ref> |- |2020 |''[[Dear Bayo|ƙaunataccen Bayo]]'' |Darakta, marubuci |Fim din | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya|List of Nigerian film producers]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya|List of Nigerian film directors]] == Manazarta == == Haɗin waje == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|nm9540176}} * [http://wanawana.net/2015/11/02/new-short-film-mama-na-boy/ Sabon gajeren fim din 'Mama Na Boy'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615162104/https://wanawana.net/2015/11/02/new-short-film-mama-na-boy/ |date=2024-06-15 }} [[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ratao74mz5cgs0dcl4yydceqibt02so 0 55027 915765 546385 2026-09-03T20:19:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915765 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashiru Nagoma''' tsohon [[Mai tsara fim|furodusa]] ne a masana'antar fim ta [[Hausa]] wato masana'antar [[Kannywood]] fitaccen darakta Wanda ya dade a masana'antar ana damawa dashi. Shine ya shirya manyan<ref>https://fimmagazine.com/an-sallami-ashiru-nagoma-daga-asibiti/</ref> fina finai irin su Tutar so, zakka da bakin ta da sauran su , fitaccen mashirin fina finai ne Wanda ya daukaka daga baya rashin lafiya ta same shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.arewanewseye.com/yadda-aka-gano-isgilin-da-ashiru-nagoma-yaiwa-allah-har-takai-ga-haukacewar-sa/ |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731052926/https://www.arewanewseye.com/yadda-aka-gano-isgilin-da-ashiru-nagoma-yaiwa-allah-har-takai-ga-haukacewar-sa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rashin lafiyan sa == Rashin lafiyan sa ya samo asali ne tunda ya Saka makuden kudade yayi fina finai guda bakwai ya Saka wata fitacciyar jaruma a cikin fim din Amma saboda abinda ya faru da jarumar na Kaddarar hukumar tace fina finai ta Hana a saki fim din NASA<ref>https://www.blueprint.ng/kannywood-agog-over-ashiru-nagomas-reappearance/</ref> , Wanda hakan ya janyo masa asara babba. Abinda ya sashi yawan damuwa kenan da tunani har ya shafi kwakwalwar sa. Ya kwashe shekaru Yana cikin wannan halin Amma duk da haka Yana zuwa gurin da Yan fim suke. A shekarun baya fitacciyar Mai Bada taimako fauziyya D<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://labarai.com.ng/tag/ashiru-nagoma/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731052926/https://labarai.com.ng/tag/ashiru-nagoma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> sulaiman ta dauke shi ta kaishi asibiti .<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/rahotanni-55666802</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin Sa == Cikakken sunan sa shine ashiru, Haifaffen jihar Kano ne Kuma be taba aure ba a Rayuwar sa<ref>https://aminiya.ng/an-kai-daraktan-kannywood-ashiru-nagoma-asibiti/</ref>. Ya Sami lafiya bayan da fauziyya D sulaiman ta kaishi asibiti, bayan yayi jinya aka sallame shi a shekarar 2021. Haifaaffen unguwan wurare ne a Kano shekarar sa 43 a duniya be taba aure ba ya daukaka a masana'antar fim a shekarar 2000 zuwa 2014 yayi suna Kuma babban furodusa ne. Shine furodusa San da yake hada jaruman kanniwud kusan gaba da yansu a fim guda. Fina finan sa *Gobe da nisa *Tarayya *Zakka *Hiyana *Tutar so *Bakin ta == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] <references /> [[Category:Mutane daga jihar kano]] t6q7ws83pd3scodbfj7qnhrbcc61wd8 0 60087 915911 611053 2026-09-03T23:36:32Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'o'in Hausawa */ 915911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa Group.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:HAUSA.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Hausa culture.png|thumb|al'adun hausawa]] [[Fayil:Serving Hausa koko.png|thumb|koko]] [[Fayil:Global Hausa Culture.jpg|thumb|hawan doki]] [[Fayil:Culture in Action.jpg|thumb|Wasannin hausawa]] [[Farfesa Tijjani]] Naniya ya ce Hausawa mutane ne musu tsananin rikon al'adunsu na gargajiya, musamman wajen tufafi da abinci da al'amuran da suka shafi aure ko haihuwa ko mutuwa da sha'anin mu'amala tsakanin dangi da abokai da shugabanni da sauransu, da kuma al'amuran sana'a ko kasuwanci ko neman ilmi. [[Fayil:Henna in Hausa culture.jpg|thumb|kunshi]] Tun daga zuwan Turawa har yau, Hausawa suna cikin al'ummomin da ba su saki tufafinsu na gargajiya sun ari na baki ba. Galibin adon namiji a Hausa ba ya wuce riga da wando musamman tsala, da takalmi fade ko kafa-ciki, da hula ƙube, ko dankwara, ko dara. In kuma saraki ne ko malami ko dattijo, yakan sa rawani. Adon mata kuwa, zane ne da gyauton yafawa, wato gyale da kallabi da taguwa da 'yan kunne da duwatsun wuya wato tsakiya. Yawancin abincin Hausawa kuwa, ana yin sa ne da gero ko dawa. Sai kuma sauran abubuwan haɗawa, da na marmari, kamar su wake da shinkafa da alkama da kayan rafi da sauransu. Yawancin Hausawa Musulmi ne saboda haka yawancin al'adunsu da suka shafi aure da haihuwa da mutuwa duk sun ta'allaƙa ne da wannan addni. Haka kuma wajen mu'amala da iyaye ko dangi ko abokai ko shuwagabanni ko makwabta ko wanin waɗannan, yawanci na Musulunci ne. Haka nan sha'anin sana'a da kasuwanci da neman ilmi duk a jikin Musulunci suka rataya..<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-54267063.amp</ref> == ''Sana'o'in Hausawa'' == Da can sana'a da kusuwanci da neman ilmi suna bin gado ne, wato kowa yana bin wanda ya gada kaka da kakanni. Kuma idan mai sana'a ya shiga baƙon gari zai je ya sauka a gidan abokan sana'arsa ne. Idan ma koyo ya zo yi, zai je gidan masu sana'ar gidansu ne saboda haka kusan kowace sana'a akwai sarkinta da makaɗanta da mawaƙanta, kai har ma da wasu al'adu na masu yinta da suka sha bamban da na sauran jama'a. Hausawa suna da sana'oi da dama na gargajiya da suke yi tun fil azal, suna da tarin yawa, amma ga wasu daga cikinsu. * Kasuwaci. * Fatauci * Saƙa * Rini * Farauta * Jima * Noma * Kiwo * ƙira * Sassaƙa * Dukanci * Gini * Rinji ko fawa * Ɗinki * Wanzanci. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-54267063.amp</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category: Al'adu]] den0h49bxhsw1bcvmqq44fj4ajpfhec 915912 915911 2026-09-03T23:37:45Z Baban Asiya 15906 /* Sana'o'in Hausawa */ 915912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Hausa Group.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:HAUSA.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Hausa culture.png|thumb|al'adun hausawa]] [[Fayil:Serving Hausa koko.png|thumb|koko]] [[Fayil:Global Hausa Culture.jpg|thumb|hawan doki]] [[Fayil:Culture in Action.jpg|thumb|Wasannin hausawa]] [[Farfesa Tijjani]] Naniya ya ce Hausawa mutane ne musu tsananin rikon al'adunsu na gargajiya, musamman wajen tufafi da abinci da al'amuran da suka shafi aure ko haihuwa ko mutuwa da sha'anin mu'amala tsakanin dangi da abokai da shugabanni da sauransu, da kuma al'amuran sana'a ko kasuwanci ko neman ilmi. [[Fayil:Henna in Hausa culture.jpg|thumb|kunshi]] Tun daga zuwan Turawa har yau, Hausawa suna cikin al'ummomin da ba su saki tufafinsu na gargajiya sun ari na baki ba. Galibin adon namiji a Hausa ba ya wuce riga da wando musamman tsala, da takalmi fade ko kafa-ciki, da hula ƙube, ko dankwara, ko dara. In kuma saraki ne ko malami ko dattijo, yakan sa rawani. Adon mata kuwa, zane ne da gyauton yafawa, wato gyale da kallabi da taguwa da 'yan kunne da duwatsun wuya wato tsakiya. Yawancin abincin Hausawa kuwa, ana yin sa ne da gero ko dawa. Sai kuma sauran abubuwan haɗawa, da na marmari, kamar su wake da shinkafa da alkama da kayan rafi da sauransu. Yawancin Hausawa Musulmi ne saboda haka yawancin al'adunsu da suka shafi aure da haihuwa da mutuwa duk sun ta'allaƙa ne da wannan addni. Haka kuma wajen mu'amala da iyaye ko dangi ko abokai ko shuwagabanni ko makwabta ko wanin waɗannan, yawanci na Musulunci ne. Haka nan sha'anin sana'a da kasuwanci da neman ilmi duk a jikin Musulunci suka rataya..<ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-54267063.amp</ref> == ''Sana'o'in Hausawa'' == Da can sana'a da kusuwanci da neman ilmi suna bin gado ne, wato kowa yana bin wanda ya gada kaka da kakanni. Kuma idan mai sana'a ya shiga baƙon gari zai je ya sauka a gidan abokan sana'arsa ne. Idan ma koyo ya zo yi, zai je gidan masu sana'ar gidansu ne saboda haka kusan kowace sana'a akwai sarkinta da makaɗanta da mawaƙanta, kai har ma da wasu al'adu na masu yinta da suka sha bamban da na sauran jama'a. Hausawa suna da sana'oi da dama na gargajiya da suke yi tun fil azal, suna da tarin yawa, amma ga wasu daga cikinsu. * Kasuwaci. * Fatauci * Saƙa * Rini * Farauta * Jima * Noma * Kiwo * ƙira * Sassaƙa * Dukanci * Gini * Ƙodago * Rinji ko fawa * Ɗinki * Wanzanci. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-54267063.amp</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category: Al'adu]] l9dy35achnt2p3hkytx9zxmjbz6omm6 0 62042 915964 895506 2026-09-04T08:23:28Z Zahrah0 14848 An kirkira ta fassara "Reception" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341443700|Restless City]]" 915964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Restless City fim ne mai zaman kansa na wasan kwaikwayo na shekarar 2011 wanda Eugene M. Gussenhoven ya rubuta kuma [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya ba da umarni. Tauraruwar ta Sy Alassane, Sky Nicole Grey, [[Tony Okungbowa]], [[Stephen Tyrone Williams]], da Danai Gurira. Fim din ya fara ne a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2011, a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na shekara ta 2011 kuma an sake shi a Amurka a ranar 27 ga Afrilun shekarar 2012. <ref name="AFFRM">{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613182948/http://www.affrm.com/restless-city/ |archive-date=June 13, 2012 |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[AFFRM]]}}</ref> == Makirci == Djibril, wani matashi dan kasar Senegal, yana kokarin yin rayuwa a kan titunan Harlem a New York. Wani mawaƙi mai son, yana fatan wata rana ya sami yarjejeniyar rikodin, amma bayan shekaru huɗu a Amurka har yanzu yana rayuwa tare ta hanyar sayar da CDs a kan titi da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin mai aikawa tare da taimakon moped dinsa. Don tara isasshen kuɗi don yin kundi, Djibril ya yarda ya kuma yi aiki ga Bekay, mai karuwanci da mai ba da rance. Manufar Djilbri ta cika mafarkinsa ta katse lokacin da ya sadu da Trini, karuwa da ke aiki ga Bekay. Djibril ya yi hadari ga komai don ceton Trini daga rayuwarta mara kyau. == Masu ba da labari == {{Reflist}}  == Karɓar baƙi == On the mai tarawashafin yanar gizonTumatir da ya lalace, 45% na sake dubawa na masu sukar 11 suna da kyau, tare da matsakaicin matsayi na 6/10.<ref name="RT">{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/restless_city |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A cikin bita mai kyau, Wesley Morris na The Boston Globe ya rubuta, "'Restless City' yana da kyau tare da yanayi", kuma "akwai mafarki mai ban sha'awa ga rayuwa a [Dosunmu's] Harlem kamar yadda ya saba da maganin rayuwa" na wasu fina-finai. Ernest Hardy na The Village Voice ya ce, "An fada a cikin salon elliptical tare da saurin tafiya da saurin motsawa wanda ke ɗaukar wasu ana amfani da su, ƙarfin da ikon fim ɗin yana cikin hotunan waka, a hanyar da Dosunmu da mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ke amfani da haske da abun da ke ciki don yin kusan kowane firam (bayani mai ban sha'awa; kusa da fuska da ƙafafuwa; saurin motsa jiki a kan titunan birni) mai ban mamaki. == Fitarwa == A lokacin da mai tarawashafin yanar gizonTumatir da ya lalace, 45% na sake dubawa na masu sukar 11 suna da kyau,tare da matsakaicin matsayyi na 6/10.<ref name="RT">{{Cite web |title=Restless City |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/restless_city |access-date=26 April 2023 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> A cikin bita mai kyau,Wesley Morris na The Boston Globe ya rubuta, "'Restless City' yana da kyau tare da yanayi",kuma "akwai mafarki mai ban sha'awa ga rayuwa a [Dosunmu's] Harlem kamar yadda ya saba da maganin rayuwa" na wasu fina-finai. Ernest Hardy na The Village Voice ya ce, "An fada a cikin salon elliptical tare da saurin tafiya da saurin motsawa wanda ke ɗaukar wasu ana amfani dasu, ƙarfin da ikon fim ɗin yana cikin hotunan waka, a hanyar da Dosunmu da mai daukar hoto Bradford Young ke amfani da haske da abun da yake ciki don yin kusan kowane firam (bayani mai ban sha'awa; kusa da fuska da ƙafafuwa; saurin motsa jiki a kan titunan birni) mai ban mamaki. == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == h6kmre8f21qbjqhfgbhn4msjfwci3ch 0 62054 915480 889454 2026-09-03T13:11:21Z Amadee619 37975 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340506118|Where Is Kyra?]]" 915480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Ina Kyra take?''''' (wanda aka saki a Ƙasar Ingila a matsayin Deceit) fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka na 2017 wanda [[Andrew Dosunmu]] ya jagoranta tare da rubutun Darci Picoult da labarin Dosunmu da Picoult . Tauraron fim din Michelle Pfeiffer da Kiefer Sutherland . Fim din ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na Sundance a ranar 23 ga watan Janairun 2017. An sake shi a cikin iyakantaccen saki a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2018, ta hanyar Great Point Media da Paladin. == Masu ba da labari == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Fitarwa == Killer Films 'Christine Vachon ta samar da fim din tare da David Hinojosa da Rhea Scott, yayin da Great Point Media ta ba da kuɗin fim din. Da farko ana kiranta Beat-Up Little Seagull, daga baya an sake kiranta Where Is Kyra?. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wiseman |first=Andreas |date=November 2, 2016 |title=AFM: Great Point launches ambitious slate |url=http://www.screendaily.com/news/afm-great-point-launches-ambitious-slate/5110882.article |access-date=November 20, 2016 |website=Screen Daily |publisher=[[Screen International]]}}</ref> Babban daukar hoto a kan fim din ya fara ne a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2015 a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], kuma ya ƙare a ranar 2 de Janairu, 2016. == Saki == Fim din ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2017 a ranar 23 ga Janairu, 2017 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=December 5, 2016 |title=Sundance 2017: Robert Redford, New Rashida Jones Netflix Series, 'Rebel In The Rye' & More On Premiere, Docu, Midnight & Kids Slates |url=https://deadline.com/2016/12/sundance-2017-premieres-midnight-special-events-robert-redford-rashida-jones-1201864406/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |publisher=[[Penske Business Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 Sundance Film Festival Printable Film Guide |url=http://www.sundance.org/pdf/film-guide/SFF17_FilmGrid_Web_Dec12.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220174324/http://www.sundance.org/pdf/film-guide/SFF17_FilmGrid_Web_Dec12.pdf |archive-date=December 20, 2016 |access-date=April 4, 2018 |website=[[Sundance Film Festival]] |publisher=[[The Sundance Institute]]}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2018, an sanar da Great Point Media kuma Paladin zai rarraba fim din.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McNary |first=Dave |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Sundance: Great Point Media Launching U.S. Theatrical Distribution Arm |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/festivals/sundance-great-point-media-us-theatrical-distribution-arm-1202662410/ |access-date=July 25, 2018 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> An sake shi a cikin iyakantaccen saki a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nordine |first=Michael |date=February 17, 2018 |title='Where Is Kyra?' Trailer: Michelle Pfeiffer Gets Lost and Finds Her Comeback — Watch |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/02/where-is-kyra-trailer-michelle-pfeiffer-sundance-1201929970/ |access-date=July 25, 2018 |website=[[IndieWire]]}}</ref> An saki Kyra a Burtaniya a watan Maris na 2019 ta hanyar dijital tare da canza taken Deceit . == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == A kan Rotten Tomatoes, fim din yana da amincewar amincewa na 81% bisa ga sake dubawa 53 da matsakaicin darajar 6.4/10. Shafin yanar gizon ya karanta, "Ina Kyra? ya dogara ne akan aikin Michelle Pfeiffer na magnetic - kuma yana rayuwa daidai da shi tare da labari mai ƙarfi, mai wuya. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where is Kyra? (2018) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/where_is_kyra |access-date=July 8, 2018 |website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] |publisher=[[Fandango Media]]}}</ref>A kan Metacritic, fim din yana da matsakaicin maki 72 daga 100, bisa ga masu sukar 20, wanda ke nuna "bincike mai kyau". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Where is Kyra? Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/where-is-kyra |access-date=July 8, 2018 |website=[[Metacritic]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]}}</ref> An zabi Michelle Pfeiffer don Kyautar Gotham ta 2018 don Mafi kyawun Actress don aikinta. == Bayanan da aka ambata == q37y0321981g7bwtne1bc4ckp1t8rlr 0 62205 915477 883810 2026-09-03T13:10:08Z Amadee619 37975 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372328188|Clare Ezeakacha]]" 915477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clare Ezeakacha''' // i (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1985) [[Ɗan wasa|'Yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Najeriya, furodusa, darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], mai watsa shirye-shirye kuma mai ba da shawara ga yara da aka sani da fina-fakkawarta ''Arima'' da Gone Grey . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2017 |title=Actress, Clare Ezeakacha Exposes ‘The Employee’ |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/248790/actress-clare-ezeakacha-exposes-the-employee.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Charming Nollywood Movie Producer, Clare Ezeakacha Celebrates Birthday With Darling Photos |url=https://diamondcelebrities.org/2017/05/26/charming-nollywood-movie-producer-clare-ezeakacha-celebrates-birthday-with-darling-photos/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=diamondcelebrities.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2017 |title=I Was Supposed to be a Reverend Sister…Nollywood Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/249858/i-was-supposed-to-be-a-reverend-sisternollywood-producer-c.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2017 |title=After 5years at The Convent, My Parents Were Asked to Take me Away…Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/46325/after-5years-at-the-convent-my-parents-were-asked-.html |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=nollywoodgists.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2017 |title=ARIMA |url=https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809181017/https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=worldfilmfair.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Clare Ezeakacha a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] amma ta fito ne daga [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ta tafi Charles Heery Memorial Junior da Secondary don karamin ilimi. Ezeakacha tana da BSc a Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Madonna, Elele da kuma Digiri na Postgraduate daga Jami'an Najeriya Nsukka . == Ayyuka == Clare ta fara aikinta a shekara ta 2011 a matsayin mutum mai suna air. A shekara ta 2016, ta shiga cikin Yin fim kuma ta samar da kuma ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa na nollywood, ciki har da: "Jack of All Trade", "Two Wrongs", "Arima" da "Smok" wanda aka zaba don Mafi Kyawun Gajeren Gasar a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=final selection 2018 |url=https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809182512/https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=afriff.com}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓen fim (a matsayin darektan) == * Shan sigari (2018) * ''Arima'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=Arima |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7298372/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * Ordinary Fellow (2018) (Mataimakin darektan) == Zaɓin fim ɗin (a matsayin mai gabatarwa) == * ''Ya tafi Grey'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Kidnappers Turn Against Their Leader After Kidnapping Millionaire |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/76-behind-the-scene/36359-kidnappers-turn-against-their-leader-after-kidnapping-millionaire |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=Xplore Reviews: Gone Grey |url=https://xplorenollywood.com/xplore-reviews-gone-grey/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=xplorenollywood.com}}</ref> * ''Arima'' (2017) * ''Ma'aikaci'' (2017) * Mystified (2017) (abokin hulɗa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2017 |title=Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9229615/?ref_=tt_ov_dr |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * ''JOAT, Jack na Duk Kasuwanci'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2017 |title=Actor, Rotimi Salami is now Jack of all Trade ‘JOAT’ |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/31709/actor-rotimi-salami-is-now-jack-of-all-trade.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> * Kuskuren Biyu (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Two Wrongs |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/4496849/cast/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=kinopoisk.ru}}</ref> * ''Abokai Kawai'' (2020) == Kyautar == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" |2018 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |''Mafi Kyawun Takaitaccen'' |Shan sigari | {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5ajbk40v2zxuyvy44z0btih7j5cqcr7 915478 915477 2026-09-03T13:10:45Z Amadee619 37975 915478 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clare Ezeakacha''' // i (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1985) [[Ɗan wasa|'Yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Najeriya, furodusa, darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], mai watsa shirye-shirye kuma mai ba da shawara ga yara da aka sani da fina-fakkawarta ''Arima'' da Gone Grey . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2017 |title=Actress, Clare Ezeakacha Exposes ‘The Employee’ |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/248790/actress-clare-ezeakacha-exposes-the-employee.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Charming Nollywood Movie Producer, Clare Ezeakacha Celebrates Birthday With Darling Photos |url=https://diamondcelebrities.org/2017/05/26/charming-nollywood-movie-producer-clare-ezeakacha-celebrates-birthday-with-darling-photos/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=diamondcelebrities.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2017 |title=I Was Supposed to be a Reverend Sister…Nollywood Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/249858/i-was-supposed-to-be-a-reverend-sisternollywood-producer-c.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2017 |title=After 5years at The Convent, My Parents Were Asked to Take me Away…Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/46325/after-5years-at-the-convent-my-parents-were-asked-.html |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=nollywoodgists.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2017 |title=ARIMA |url=https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809181017/https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=worldfilmfair.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Clare Ezeakacha a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] amma ta fito ne daga [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ta tafi Charles Heery Memorial Junior da Secondary don karamin ilimi. Ezeakacha tana da BSc a Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Madonna, Elele da kuma Digiri na Postgraduate daga Jami'an Najeriya Nsukka . == Ayyuka == Clare ta fara aikinta a shekara ta 2011 a matsayin mutum mai suna air. A shekara ta 2016, ta shiga cikin Yin fim kuma ta samar da kuma ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa na nollywood, ciki har da: "Jack of All Trade", "Two Wrongs", "Arima" da "Smok" wanda aka zaba don Mafi Kyawun Gajeren Gasar a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=final selection 2018 |url=https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809182512/https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=afriff.com}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓen fim (a matsayin darektan) == * Shan sigari (2018) * ''Arima'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=Arima |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7298372/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * Ordinary Fellow (2018) (Mataimakin darektan) == Zaɓin fim ɗin (a matsayin mai gabatarwa) == * ''Ya tafi Grey'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Kidnappers Turn Against Their Leader After Kidnapping Millionaire |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/76-behind-the-scene/36359-kidnappers-turn-against-their-leader-after-kidnapping-millionaire |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=Xplore Reviews: Gone Grey |url=https://xplorenollywood.com/xplore-reviews-gone-grey/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=xplorenollywood.com}}</ref> * ''Arima'' (2017) * ''Ma'aikaci'' (2017) * Mystified (2017) (abokin hulɗa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2017 |title=Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9229615/?ref_=tt_ov_dr |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * ''JOAT, Jack na Duk Kasuwanci'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2017 |title=Actor, Rotimi Salami is now Jack of all Trade ‘JOAT’ |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/31709/actor-rotimi-salami-is-now-jack-of-all-trade.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> * Kuskuren Biyu (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Two Wrongs |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/4496849/cast/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=kinopoisk.ru}}</ref> * ''Abokai Kawai'' (2020) == Kyautar == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" |2018 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |''Mafi Kyawun Takaitaccen'' |Shan sigari | {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ev823c49vwlnhn22vfdo9zusd1qkmxn 915479 915478 2026-09-03T13:11:07Z Amadee619 37975 915479 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Clare Ezeakacha''' // i (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga Mayu, 1985) [[Ɗan wasa|'Yar wasan kwaikwayo]] ce ta Najeriya, furodusa, darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], mai watsa shirye-shirye kuma mai ba da shawara ga yara da aka sani da fina-fakkawarta ''Arima'' da Gone Grey . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2017 |title=Actress, Clare Ezeakacha Exposes ‘The Employee’ |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/248790/actress-clare-ezeakacha-exposes-the-employee.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2017 |title=Charming Nollywood Movie Producer, Clare Ezeakacha Celebrates Birthday With Darling Photos |url=https://diamondcelebrities.org/2017/05/26/charming-nollywood-movie-producer-clare-ezeakacha-celebrates-birthday-with-darling-photos/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=diamondcelebrities.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2017 |title=I Was Supposed to be a Reverend Sister…Nollywood Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/249858/i-was-supposed-to-be-a-reverend-sisternollywood-producer-c.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2017 |title=After 5years at The Convent, My Parents Were Asked to Take me Away…Producer, Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.nollywoodgists.com/news/46325/after-5years-at-the-convent-my-parents-were-asked-.html |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=nollywoodgists.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2017 |title=ARIMA |url=https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809181017/https://worldfilmfair.com/film/arima |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=9 August 2021 |website=worldfilmfair.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Clare Ezeakacha a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] amma ta fito ne daga [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]], [[Najeriya]]. Ta tafi Charles Heery Memorial Junior da Secondary don karamin ilimi. Ezeakacha tana da BSc a Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Madonna, Elele da kuma Digiri na Postgraduate daga Jami'an Najeriya Nsukka . == Ayyuka == Clare ta fara aikinta a shekara ta 2011 a matsayin mutum mai suna air. A shekara ta 2016, ta shiga cikin Yin fim kuma ta samar da kuma ba da umarnin fina-finai da yawa na nollywood, ciki har da: "Jack of All Trade", "Two Wrongs", "Arima" da "Smok" wanda aka zaba don Mafi Kyawun Gajeren Gasar a [[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2018 |title=final selection 2018 |url=https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809182512/https://afriff.com/final-selection-2018/ |archive-date=9 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=afriff.com}}</ref> == Zaɓaɓɓen fim (a matsayin darektan) == * Shan sigari (2018) * ''Arima'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=Arima |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7298372/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * Ordinary Fellow (2018) (Mataimakin darektan) == Zaɓin fim ɗin (a matsayin mai gabatarwa) == * ''Ya tafi Grey'' (2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Kidnappers Turn Against Their Leader After Kidnapping Millionaire |url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/movie-news/76-behind-the-scene/36359-kidnappers-turn-against-their-leader-after-kidnapping-millionaire |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=nigeriafilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2016 |title=Xplore Reviews: Gone Grey |url=https://xplorenollywood.com/xplore-reviews-gone-grey/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=xplorenollywood.com}}</ref> * ''Arima'' (2017) * ''Ma'aikaci'' (2017) * Mystified (2017) (abokin hulɗa) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2017 |title=Clare Ezeakacha |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9229615/?ref_=tt_ov_dr |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=imdb.com}}</ref> * ''JOAT, Jack na Duk Kasuwanci'' (2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2017 |title=Actor, Rotimi Salami is now Jack of all Trade ‘JOAT’ |url=https://www.modernghana.com/nollywood/31709/actor-rotimi-salami-is-now-jack-of-all-trade.html |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=modernghana.com}}</ref> * Kuskuren Biyu (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Two Wrongs |url=https://www.kinopoisk.ru/film/4496849/cast/ |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=kinopoisk.ru}}</ref> * ''Abokai Kawai'' (2020) == Kyautar == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" |2018 |[[Africa International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Afirka]] |''Mafi Kyawun Takaitaccen'' |Shan sigari | {{Nom}} |- |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] re5qg8pjsnoclbersp89aqnfdb89v4k 0 62259 915576 887718 2026-09-03T15:43:43Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Filmography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345104812|Olaiya Igwe]]" 915576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox }} '''Ebun Oloyede''' // ⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Olaiya Igwe''' Listen ⓘ gogaggen dan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Nollywood|na Nollywood]], furodusa kuma darakta wanda ya yi fice wajen shirya irin ''Esin'', ''Alase Aye, Ololade Mr Money,'' da ''Abela Pupa'' . == Tarihin Rayuwa == Olaiya dan [[jihar Ogun]] ne kuma a shekarar 2022, ya kammala karatunsa a [[jami'ar Crescent]], [[Abeokuta]], Najeriya. == Sana'a == Olaiya Igwe ya shafe sama da shekaru arba'in a masana'antar fina-finai, ya fito a fina-finai sama da ɗari kuma ya shirya fina-finai sama da ashirin. == Fim ɗin fim == * ''Maƙeri: Alagbede (2024)'' * ''[[Ijakumo]] : Mai Haihuwa Mai Sake (2022) a matsayin Mutum'' * ''Jagbajantis Reloaded (2022) a matsayin Baba Legacy'' * ''U-Turn (2022) a matsayin Mr. Kamoru'' * ''Obankoba (2021) as Oba Akilekun'' * ''Saheed Esu (2020) as Baba Anyila'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin baba Jide'' * ''[[Diamonds In the Sky|Diamonds a cikin Sama]] (2019) a matsayin Salamander'' * ''Ayitale (2013) as Oloye Demola'' * ''Jelili (2011) a matsayin Alade'' * ''Iru Esin'' * ''Kosi Tabi Sugbon'' * ''Abela Pupa'' * ''Baale Oko Ilu'' * ''Awon Aladun De (jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin)'' * ''[[Ile Alayo]]'' * ''Ololade Mr Money'' [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta == Fina-finai == * ''Maƙeri: Alagbede (2024)'' * ''[[Ijakumo]] : Mai Haihuwa Mai Sake (2022) a matsayin Mutum'' * ''Jagbajantis Reloaded (2022) a matsayin Baba Legacy'' * ''U-Turn (2022) a matsayin Mr. Kamoru'' * ''Obankoba (2021) as Oba Akilekun'' * ''Saheed Esu (2020) as Baba Anyila'' * ''[[Mokalik]] (2019) a matsayin baba Jide'' * ''[[Diamonds In the Sky|Diamonds a cikin Sama]] (2019) a matsayin Salamander'' * ''Ayitale (2013) as Oloye Demola'' * ''Jelili (2011) a matsayin Alade'' * ''Iru Esin'' * ''Kosi Tabi Sugbon'' * ''Abela Pupa'' * ''Baale Oko Ilu'' * ''Awon Aladun De (jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin)'' * ''[[Ile Alayo]]'' * ''Ololade Mr Money'' idgon8xd35o5wxdv3t2c3ag5346n192 0 64662 915624 344831 2026-09-03T16:26:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Niikondo''' (an haife shi 15 Janairu 1962) malami ne na [[Namibiya|ƙasar Namibiya]]. Shi ne mataimakin shugaban jami'ar kimiyya da fasaha ta Namibia kuma shugaban kungiyar Think tank SWAPO. == Ilimi da farkon rayuwa == An haifi Niikondo a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1962 a [[Onantsi]] kusa da Ondangwa a Ovamboland, a yau yankin Oshana na Namibiya. Ya bar makaranta yana ɗan shekara 17 domin ya shiga kungiyar Jama’a ta Namibiya (PLAN). Ya tafi gudun hijira [[Angola|na Angola]] kuma an horar da shi a [[Lubango]].<ref>{{Cite news | title=Living Life Like a Ghost During the Liberation Struggle | last=Rasmeni | first=Mandisa | newspaper=[[Namibia Economist]] | date=4 December 2018 | url=https://economist.com.na/40450/extra/living-life-like-a-ghost-during-the-liberation-struggle/ | access-date=12 December 2023 | archive-date=12 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212120819/https://economist.com.na/40450/extra/living-life-like-a-ghost-during-the-liberation-struggle/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zama jami'in bindigu na PLAN a karkashin Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah kuma ya koma Namibiya bayan shekaru goma. A cikin shekara ta 2018 Niikondo ya wallafa littafi, ''Shin Kai Mutum ne ko Fatalwa?'' , dalla-dalla abubuwan da ya faru a gudun hijira. Taken yana nuni ne da furucin da mahaifiyarsa ta yi a lokacin da ya dawo, ba tare da jin labarinsa ba a cikin shekaru goma. Da yake jawabi a wajen kaddamar da littafin da kuma yin tsokaci kan aikin Niikondo na ilimi daga baya, Ndaitwah ya ce shi kadai ne kwamandan [PLAN] da ya aike da likita.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Mbumba fordert Jugend heraus | trans-title=Mbumba challenges the youth | language=German | last=Hofmann | first=Eberhard | newspaper=[[Allgemeine Zeitung (Namibia)|Allgemeine Zeitung]] | date=11 December 2018 | url=https://www.az.com.na/nachrichten/mbumba-fordert-jugend-heraus2018-12-11}}</ref> == Aikin ilimi == Niikondo kawai ya ci gaba da karatunsa na yau da kullun bayan samun 'yancin kai na Namibia kuma ya sami matric ɗinsa ta ilimin nesa (Distance learning) a shekara ta 1992. Ya kasance yana ɗan shekara 30 a lokacin. Ya sami digiri na farko na ilimi (difloma ta ƙasa) a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a shekarar 1995 daga Jami'ar Namibia. Daga nan ya kammala karatunsa na B.Tech daga [[Technikon South Africa|Technikon Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 1999 sannan ya sake yin digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a, daga Jami'ar Western Cape da Jami'ar Uppsala.<ref name=combatant>{{Cite news | title=From combatant to seasoned academic | last=Kamati | first=Ester | newspaper=[[Die Republikein]] | date=26 June 2020 | url=https://www.republikein.com.na/nuus/from-combatant-to-seasoned-academic2020-06-26/}}</ref> A shekarar 2008 ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kula da harkokin jama'a daga jami'ar Namibia.<ref name=now>{{Cite news | title=Niikondo now acting vice chancellor at Nust | last=Ngatjiheue | first=Charmaine | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=26 May 2020 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/201178/archive-read/Niikondo-now-acting-vice-chancellor-at-Nust}}</ref> Niikondo ya yi aiki a matsayin malami na ɗan lokaci daga shekarun 2002, kuma ya shiga Polytechnic na Namibia (yanzu Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Namibia) a shekara ta 2003. Bayan ya zama shugaban sashen kula da harkokin gwamnati kuma mataimakin shugaban makarantar kasuwanci da gudanarwa ya zama mataimakin shugaban harkokin ilimi da bincike a shekarar 2011.<ref name=combatant/> Niikondo ya sha wahala a matsayin mataimakin rector. Shugaban makarantar Polytechnic da ya kafa Tjama Tjivikua ya zarge shi da rashin iya aiki, yayin da Niikondo ya buɗe hanyoyin korafe-korafe kan Tjivikua saboda "tsana, cin zarafi da wariya". Shirye-shiryen raba fayil ɗin bincike daga al'amuran ilimi, ta yadda za a samar da matsayi na mataimakin Rekta na uku, ana ganin yunƙurin rage Niikondo ne.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Niikondo faces demotion as vice-rector | newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] | date=11 May 2015 | url=https://neweralive.na/posts/niikondo-faces-demotion-vice-rector}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title=A call for Tjivikua's head | last=Immanuel | first=Shinovene | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=8 June 2015 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=137810 | access-date=12 December 2023 | archive-date=20 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720194227/https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=137810 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayin da Majalisar Cibiyar ta rabu kan batun,<ref>{{Cite news | title=Grave fight for Polytech's soul | last=Immanuel | first=Shinovene | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=20 May 2015 | page=1 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/137088/archive-read/Grave-fight-for-Polytech%E2%80%99s-soul | access-date=12 December 2023 | archive-date=20 July 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720223414/https://www.namibian.com.na/137088/archive-read/Grave-fight-for-Polytech%E2%80%99s-soul | url-status=dead }}</ref> Niikondo ya ci gaba da riƙe matsayinsa na mataimakin shugaban jami'a, kuma lokacin da Polytechnic ta zama jami'a ya karɓi mukamin mataimakin mataimakin shugaban makarantar.<ref name=combatant/> A watan Mayu 2020 ya zama mataimakin shugaban riko, ya maye gurɓin Morné du Toit.<ref name=now/> Ya yi aiki har zuwa ƙarshen shekarar 2020, ya mika wa [[Erold Naomab]].<ref>{{Cite news | title=Naomab installed as Nust boss | last=Cloete | first=Luqman | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=2 February 2021 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss | access-date=12 December 2023 | archive-date=8 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008105446/https://www.namibian.com.na/208325/archive-read/Naomab-installed-as-Nust-boss | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Niikondo memba ne na SWAPO na dogon lokaci kuma an naɗa shi a matsayin shugaban kungiyar masu tunani (Think tank) a cikin shekara ta 2021.2021.<ref>{{Cite news | title=Swapo appoints 31-member think tank | last=Iikela | first=Sakeus | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=1 October 2021 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/6213916/archive-read/Swapo-appoints-31-member-think-tank }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1962]] awto2hqppawpdh0yka03wrmbtxnswpz 0 68719 915604 877788 2026-09-03T16:18:17Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346744486|ZR-7: The Red House Seven]]" 915604 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 19, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-08-19</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci |} ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 6roo0y90mx2revgan7lltgqbhg5n3yc 915627 915604 2026-09-03T16:27:25Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915627 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 19, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-08-19</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Harshe | class="infobox-data" |Turanci The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} mp7n3n1l2tico6rzxvyxi0j4d9l27bh 915632 915627 2026-09-03T16:29:07Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915632 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 19, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-08-19</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} b500cojbob0ghqzoswnjxmsa0r3jmlt 915633 915632 2026-09-03T16:30:12Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915633 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 19, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-08-19</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Kasar | class="infobox-data" |Najeriya The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 3wwgagkcmfv78144rva4qhummgnkloa 915634 915633 2026-09-03T16:31:05Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915634 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Agusta 19, 2011 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2011-08-19</span>)&nbsp;</span> &nbsp;&nbsp; </div> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} rt0x703j9my42r3prkzj6ukmevhuovk 915637 915634 2026-09-03T16:32:04Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915637 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} mrtzvcuazl3d4xuzbvyd1mm1115qgii 915638 915637 2026-09-03T16:32:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915638 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ranar fitarwa</div> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 34ulgoeryc2d017cpf2myx4e1c0qqbt 915639 915638 2026-09-03T16:33:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915639 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;">AppleGazer & Karmacause Productions</div> |- The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 6eenpr9vpjl0m374ku66hl84r76zgtz 915640 915639 2026-09-03T16:34:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915640 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Waƙoƙi ta | class="infobox-data" |Ore 'Re Olunuga & Rundunar Sojojin Jama'a |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Kamfanoni masu samarwa<br /></div> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 2nm5z8j8c5iololudos7fggdfu5gabx 915641 915640 2026-09-03T16:35:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915641 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Hotuna | class="infobox-data" |Kagho C. Idhebor |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An shirya shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |Chidi Nwaozomudoh |- The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} fdl7nbfcu33to26909vovvzbk41hya1 915642 915641 2026-09-03T16:36:32Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915642 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Fitowa | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Norbert Young * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem * Rilwan Mohammed * Yakubu Abashiya * Ife Komolafe * Adeyemi Okanlawon * Udoka Oyeka </div> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} md7k2y5ty84yzzcognhg3a0s9fhjfgs 915643 915642 2026-09-03T16:38:01Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915643 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo * Udoka Oyeka </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An samar da shi ta hanyar | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist" The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} egtzap863qrdcj8nsatmjcu0328y6zi 915644 915643 2026-09-03T16:38:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915644 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Rubuce-rubuce | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} pn0h05m5jpq67huwegk6jeh20vkfchg 915652 915644 2026-09-03T16:57:44Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915652 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da umarni daga | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="plainlist"> * [[Udoka Oyeka]] * Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo </div> The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 4xksotkmn0cx8c0dpa7y6iaeshbr5i3 915654 915652 2026-09-03T16:58:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915654 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |ZR-7: Gidan Red Bakwai |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |An ba da The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} ebi3cvlio0qmjf6gqjsgjod0idy6ijl 915655 915654 2026-09-03T16:59:53Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915655 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} cr9zisrv1vuamiftjlqlciknnozqfxi 915656 915655 2026-09-03T17:00:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915656 wikitext text/x-wiki The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 6icvqm8ri8c7q0pjgy89ivnj6c5e5oj 915658 915656 2026-09-03T17:14:57Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http://ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |archive-date=2013-08-13 |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Ama-awards.com}}</ref> ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} q7pzsbddq6bu6l23896wbylz5ruxja1 915659 915658 2026-09-03T17:16:19Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130813053353/http:// ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} h7f7sgilk7dtnjkkcdy1pgi0gr9jry0 915679 915659 2026-09-03T17:43:21Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/news/nigeria-and-south-africa-lead-amaa-nominations ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} smbg18irkj4ugwqk06r02g53y1j8r0c 915680 915679 2026-09-03T17:43:55Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and South Africa lead AMAA nominations &#124; Africa Movie Academy Awards ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 86l9zi23l53lcy0bxfthta71gg2btmo 915681 915680 2026-09-03T17:44:20Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria and So ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} cp3daikxn1pwbosfi554rigple5fpkg 915682 915681 2026-09-03T17:44:50Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524172932/http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-movie-makers.txt |archive-date=2014-05-24 |access-date=2014-02-28 |publisher=Nigeriadailynews.com}}</ref> kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} n654v2livc4gc6rxy7cnlykd6rurknt 915683 915682 2026-09-03T17:45:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] <ref name="nigeriadailynews">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria Daily News: The movie makers |url=http://www.nigeriadailynews.com/feed/news/25899-the-mov. kasada da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 0kkavgdlp4yhde1suj8zy4ez5z501dz 915684 915683 2026-09-03T17:46:40Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] kasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house-seven&id=8605#.UWadTGN4ut8 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=logbaby.com}}</ref> == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} gwsoji133ultx69pibqmsgpqiez83i4 915687 915684 2026-09-03T18:04:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] kasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni.<ref name="logbaby">{{Cite web |title=Welcome To Logbaby |url=http://logbaby.com/classifieds/pages.php?u=holiday-makers-storm-cinemas-for-red-house- == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} c8igh05tocxpk53413e0jjjptbi9e3h 915688 915687 2026-09-03T18:05:28Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adventure – "ZR-7" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/08/22/new-themes-fresh-talent-check-out-photos-from-the-premiere-of-nigerian-boarding-school-adventure-zr-7/ |access-date=2013-08-25 |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] kasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} g46rg2yoh0f0cjt194pzq8mebxcvylo 915689 915688 2026-09-03T18:06:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915689 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-22 |title=New Themes, Fresh Talent – Check Out Photos from the premiere of Nigerian Boarding School Adven wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] kasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} rhfa0jz4qph4al1i820rlz53ile7w8i 915691 915689 2026-09-03T18:07:24Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] kasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} njo61nofbjbkk9ws5s1psl1aatxgam3 915692 915691 2026-09-03T18:08:41Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 915692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ƙasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} 6436glhpzvqw8mrp0t0evq3tphk4g9z 915826 915692 2026-09-03T21:44:22Z Baby juuu 38856 915826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & [[Udoka Oyeka]]; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, [[Adeyemi Okanlawon]], Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a Shekara ta 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards. ZR-7: The Red House Seven fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya [1] wanda aka rubuta, ya ba da umarni kuma ya samar da shi ta hanyar duo na Olufemi D. Ogunsanwo & Udoka Oyeka; tare da Norbert Young, Ayinla O. Abdulakeem, Yakubu Abashiya, Adeyemi Okanlawon, Rilwan Mohammed, Ife Komolafe da Udoka Oyoka. An zabi fim din ne don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin Afirka a 2012 Africa Movie Academy Awards . [2] == Makirci == Labarin rayuwa ce ta gargajiya ta [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ƙasa da da ta shafi TJ tare da abokansa shida yayin da yake aji na 7. Yaran da farko sun firgita da duk abubuwan da suke da su don tsalle don tsira daga malamai, prefects, mugayen tsofaffi, abinci na ɗakin cin abinci, ɓarayi, yankan ciyawa, wanke gidaje da duk sauran abubuwan da kowa zai fuskanta a makarantar kwana ta Najeriya zai fuskanta. Amma lokacin da TJ da yara maza ba zato ba tsammani suka ga wani mutum da dalibai mata biyu a cikin matsayi mai sassauci, abin da suke yi da wannan bayanin ba shine kawai matsalarsu a makaranta ba, amma abin kunya da ya haifar zai canza rayuwarsu fiye da mafarkin su mafi muni. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Norbert Young]] - Ministan Ilimi * Ayinla O. Abdulakeem - Little TJ * Yakubu Abashiya - Victor Essien * Fakiyesi Ayotola - Fab biyu * Kafari David - Fab daya * Ubandawaki Basit - Chiedu * Samy Eddi - Arinze * Kelvin Maduoku - Anthony Kelechi * Rilwan Mohammed - Rolly D * Ife Komolafe - Vicky * [[Deyemi Okanlawon|Adeyemi Okanlawon]] - Mista Alabi * [[Udoka Oyeka]] - Tsohon TJ * Bakare Mubarak - Toks == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} ihj3077i4npmvz23q0vi8z24154ovaa 0 70223 915472 895157 2026-09-03T13:09:00Z Amadee619 37975 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372441375|Sola Kosoko]]" 915472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sola Kosoko''', Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Sola Kosoko-Abina''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1980), <ref name="slickson">{{Cite web |last=Slickson |title=Celebrity Birthday: Sola Kosoko is a year Older |url=http://slickson.com/celebrity-birthday-sola-kosoko-is-a-year-older/ |website=slickson.com}}</ref> 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma darektan fim da aka sani da Láròdá òjò . Ita 'yar [[Jide Kosoko]] ce . <ref name="slickson" /> Sola kosoko ta fito a fim din ''Pala Pala'' wanda ya hada da Yemi Solade da Muyiwa Kosoko . Ta yi jawabi ga matasan Najeriya a lokacin shirin == Ilimi == Kosoko tana da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo]] . == Ayyuka == Kosoko ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1999 inda ta fito a fim mai suna ''Ola Abata'' wanda mahaifinta ya samar; [[Jide Kosoko]] . A shekara ta 2001, ta yi fim din ''Omo Olorire'' wanda ya sa ta shahara. Ta yi fim a fina-finai da yawa a Turanci da Yoruba tun lokacin da ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sola Kosoko tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan [[Jide Kosoko]] . Ta auri Abiodun Abinna, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu (Oluwasindara da Oluwasikemi) da ɗa (Oluwasire). == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Nomin da mutane suka bayar a cikin birni == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ola Abata'' (1999) * ''Oko Irese'' (2000) * ''Omo Olorire'' (2003) a matsayin Enitan * ''Oko Irese'' * ''Omo Bishop'' (2005) * Eje Adegbenro 2 (2006) a matsayin Akowe Adegbenre * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Láròdá òjò'' (2008) a matsayin Inuwa * ''[[Apaadi]] (2009) '' * ''Eti Keta (2011) a matsayin Ifeoma'' * ''Oloruka'' (2017) * ''Oga (2017) a matsayin Abokin Demi'' * ''Fadar sarauta'' (2018) * ''Ainiwa (2021) a matsayin Sindara'' * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Asabi * ''Jemila'' * ''Kwarin Tsakanin'' * ''Roses da ƙaya''<ref name="Encomium Magazine 2015">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2015 |title='I want to exceed my father's success,' says Sola Kosoko |url=https://encomium.ng/i-want-to-exceed-my-fathers-success-says-sola-kosoko/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] el9zl9r0ynx1tpalcegww8l55jwnpe7 915474 915472 2026-09-03T13:09:35Z Amadee619 37975 915474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sola Kosoko''', Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Sola Kosoko-Abina''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1980), <ref name="slickson">{{Cite web |last=Slickson |title=Celebrity Birthday: Sola Kosoko is a year Older |url=http://slickson.com/celebrity-birthday-sola-kosoko-is-a-year-older/ |website=slickson.com}}</ref> 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma darektan fim da aka sani da Láròdá òjò . Ita 'yar [[Jide Kosoko]] ce . <ref name="slickson" /> Sola kosoko ta fito a fim din ''Pala Pala'' wanda ya hada da Yemi Solade da Muyiwa Kosoko . Ta yi jawabi ga matasan Najeriya a lokacin shirin == Ilimi == Kosoko tana da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo]] . == Ayyuka == Kosoko ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1999 inda ta fito a fim mai suna ''Ola Abata'' wanda mahaifinta ya samar; [[Jide Kosoko]] . A shekara ta 2001, ta yi fim din ''Omo Olorire'' wanda ya sa ta shahara. Ta yi fim a fina-finai da yawa a Turanci da Yoruba tun lokacin da ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sola Kosoko tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan [[Jide Kosoko]] . Ta auri Abiodun Abinna, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu (Oluwasindara da Oluwasikemi) da ɗa (Oluwasire). == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Nomin da mutane suka bayar a cikin birni == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ola Abata'' (1999) * ''Oko Irese'' (2000) * ''Omo Olorire'' (2003) a matsayin Enitan * ''Oko Irese'' * ''Omo Bishop'' (2005) * Eje Adegbenro 2 (2006) a matsayin Akowe Adegbenre * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Láròdá òjò'' (2008) a matsayin Inuwa * ''[[Apaadi]] (2009) '' * ''Eti Keta (2011) a matsayin Ifeoma'' * ''Oloruka'' (2017) * ''Oga (2017) a matsayin Abokin Demi'' * ''Fadar sarauta'' (2018) * ''Ainiwa (2021) a matsayin Sindara'' * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Asabi * ''Jemila'' * ''Kwarin Tsakanin'' * ''Roses da ƙaya''<ref name="Encomium Magazine 2015">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2015 |title='I want to exceed my father's success,' says Sola Kosoko |url=https://encomium.ng/i-want-to-exceed-my-fathers-success-says-sola-kosoko/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f97rgbq51av7pqcizfzf43ctj44pd6m 915475 915474 2026-09-03T13:09:52Z Amadee619 37975 915475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sola Kosoko''', Listenⓘ wanda aka fi sani da '''Sola Kosoko-Abina''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1980), <ref name="slickson">{{Cite web |last=Slickson |title=Celebrity Birthday: Sola Kosoko is a year Older |url=http://slickson.com/celebrity-birthday-sola-kosoko-is-a-year-older/ |website=slickson.com}}</ref> 'yar fim ce ta Najeriya kuma darektan fim da aka sani da Láròdá òjò . Ita 'yar [[Jide Kosoko]] ce . <ref name="slickson" /> Sola kosoko ta fito a fim din ''Pala Pala'' wanda ya hada da Yemi Solade da Muyiwa Kosoko . Ta yi jawabi ga matasan Najeriya a lokacin shirin == Ilimi == Kosoko tana da digiri na farko a fannin zamantakewa daga [[Jami'ar Olabisi Onabanjo]] . == Ayyuka == Kosoko ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1999 inda ta fito a fim mai suna ''Ola Abata'' wanda mahaifinta ya samar; [[Jide Kosoko]] . A shekara ta 2001, ta yi fim din ''Omo Olorire'' wanda ya sa ta shahara. Ta yi fim a fina-finai da yawa a Turanci da Yoruba tun lokacin da ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Sola Kosoko tana ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan [[Jide Kosoko]] . Ta auri Abiodun Abinna, kuma suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu (Oluwasindara da Oluwasikemi) da ɗa (Oluwasire). == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == * Nomin da mutane suka bayar a cikin birni == Hotunan da aka zaɓa == * ''Ola Abata'' (1999) * ''Oko Irese'' (2000) * ''Omo Olorire'' (2003) a matsayin Enitan * ''Oko Irese'' * ''Omo Bishop'' (2005) * Eje Adegbenro 2 (2006) a matsayin Akowe Adegbenre * ''Onitemi (2007) '' * ''Láròdá òjò'' (2008) a matsayin Inuwa * ''[[Apaadi]] (2009) '' * ''Eti Keta (2011) a matsayin Ifeoma'' * ''Oloruka'' (2017) * ''Oga (2017) a matsayin Abokin Demi'' * ''Fadar sarauta'' (2018) * ''Ainiwa (2021) a matsayin Sindara'' * Shadow Parties (2021) a matsayin Asabi * ''Jemila'' * ''Kwarin Tsakanin'' * ''Roses da ƙaya''<ref name="Encomium Magazine 2015">{{Cite web |date=23 December 2015 |title='I want to exceed my father's success,' says Sola Kosoko |url=https://encomium.ng/i-want-to-exceed-my-fathers-success-says-sola-kosoko/ |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Encomium Magazine}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6lumj2016yq0c4djx87zjxaist1o1tt 0 73844 915945 513108 2026-09-04T06:43:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Bruce Gordon QSM (cropped).jpg|thumb|Bruce Gordon]] [[Fayil:Bruce Gordon.JPG|thumb|Bruce Gordon]] [[Fayil:Bruce Gordon QSM presentation.jpg|thumb|Bruce Gordon daga gefen dama]] '''Bruce Gordon''' [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] ne wanda ya bayyana kuma ya ba da umarnin fim din 1919 The First Men in the Moon <ref>{{Citation |title=The First Men in the Moon (1919) |url=https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film499606.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130220539/https://www.filmaffinity.com/en/film499606.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An haife shi a [[Johannesburg|Johannesburg, Afirka ta Kudu]] . == Fim ɗin ɓangare ==  {{div col}} * ''[[Democracy (film)|Democracy]]'' (1918) * ''[[All Men Are Liars (1919 film)|All Men Are Liars]]'' (1919) * ''[[After Many Days]]'' (1919) * ''[[The First Men in the Moon (1919 film)|The First Men in the Moon]]'' (1919) * ''[[The Forbidden Valley]]'' (1920) * ''[[Bring Him In]]'' (1921) * ''[[The Timber Queen]]'' (1922) * ''[[Kentucky Days]]'' (1923) * ''[[Let's Go (1923 film)|Let's Go]]'' (1923) * ''[[Ruth of the Range]]'' (1923 serial) * ''[[The Fortieth Door]]'' (1924) * ''[[The Fatal Mistake]]'' (1924) *''[[Judgment of the Storm]]'' (1924) * ''[[Tainted Money]]'' (1924) * ''[[Midnight Molly]]'' (1925) * ''[[Smooth as Satin]]'' (1925) * ''[[Three of a Kind (1925 film)|Three of a Kind]]'' (1925) * ''[[The Vanishing American]]'' (1925) * ''[[Brand of Cowardice]]'' (1925) * ''[[Gold and the Girl]]'' (1925) * ''[[Pals in Paradise]]'' (1926) * ''[[Beyond the Rockies (1926 film)|Beyond the Rockies]]'' (1926) * ''[[Bucking the Truth]]'' (1926) *''[[Moran of the Mounted]]'' (1926) * ''[[The Dangerous Dude]]'' (1926) * ''[[Stick to Your Story]]'' (1926) * ''[[The Speed Limit]]'' (1926) * ''[[The Escape (1926 film)|The Escape]]'' (1926) * ''[[Blazing Days]]'' (1927) * ''[[Desert Dust]]'' (1927) * ''[[Isle of Sunken Gold]]'' (1927) * ''[[The Sonora Kid (film)|The Sonora Kid]]'' (1927) * ''[[Under the Tonto Rim (1928 film)|Under the Tonto Rim]]'' (1928) * ''[[Anybody Here Seen Kelly?]]'' (1928) * ''[[The Tiger's Shadow]]'' (1928) * ''[[The Fire Detective]]'' (1929) * ''[[The Clean Up (1929 film)|The Clean Up]]'' (1929) * ''[[Elephant Boy (film)|Elephant Boy]]'' (1937) * ''[[Song of the Forge]]'' (1937) {{div col end}} ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|330049|Bruce Gordon}} r10ukkt5mj5j2e8t5ug0blqihtmrd8t 0 76365 915521 466613 2026-09-03T14:23:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amarachi Uchechukwu''' (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2001) 'yar wasan volleyball ce ta Najeriya wacce ke taka leda a kungiyar kwastam ta Najeriya da kungiyar volleyball ta mata ta Najeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Busybuddies |date=2020-02-23 |title=Beach Volleyball: Team Sazamm, Customs Triumph In 2020 President Cup |url=https://www.busybuddiesng.com/beach-volleyball-team-sazamm-customs-triumph-in-2020-president-cup/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=The Busy Buddies |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318193958/https://www.busybuddiesng.com/beach-volleyball-team-sazamm-customs-triumph-in-2020-president-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nasarorin da aka samu == Amarachi tana taka leda a kungiyar volleyball ta Beach "b" ta tawagar volleyball mata ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kuti |first=Dare |date=2021-06-27 |title=Beach V/ball: Nigeria women team to miss Tokyo Olympics |url=https://www.aclsports.com/beach-v-ball-nigeria-women-team-to-miss-tokyo-olympics/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=ACLSports |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318180816/https://www.aclsports.com/beach-v-ball-nigeria-women-team-to-miss-tokyo-olympics/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da aka zaba don 2019 CAVB U21 Beach cup zonal qualifiers a Accra, [[Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-20 |title=Team Nigeria off to Ghana for CAVB U21 Beach Cup Qualifiers |url=https://dailytrust.com/team-nigeria-off-to-ghana-for-cavb-u21-beach-cup-qualifiers/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance daga cikin tawagar da za ta fito a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a [[Doha]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Saliu |first=Mohammed |date=2019-10-11 |title=Beach Volleyball: Nigeria women volleyball team set for World Championship in Doha |url=https://www.brila.net/beach-volleyball-nigeria-women-volleyball-team-set-for-world-championship-in-doha/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318192822/https://www.brila.net/beach-volleyball-nigeria-women-volleyball-team-set-for-world-championship-in-doha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta wakilci Afirka a 2019 FIVB Snow Volleyball World Tour a Bariloche, Rio Negro Argentina . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rapheal |date=2019-07-31 |title=Nigeria to attend snow volleyball in Argentina |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/nigeria-to-attend-snow-volleyball-in-argentina/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance tare da abokan aikinta sun doke mai karɓar bakuncin [[Argentina]] a wasan farko 2-1 (13-15, 15-11, 15-11). <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-08-19 |title=NIGERIA BEAT ARGENTINA IN SNOW VOLLEYBALL CHAMPIONSHIP |url=https://youthandsports.ng/nigeria-beat-argentina-in-snow-volleyball-championship/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318180856/https://youthandsports.ng/nigeria-beat-argentina-in-snow-volleyball-championship/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta wakilci Najeriya a gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta duniya ta 2019 a Hamburg, [[Jamus]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moseph |first=Queen |date=2019-06-30 |title=Team Nigeria record defeat in World Beach Volleyball opener |url=https://www.aclsports.com/team-nigeria-record-defeat-in-world-beach-volleyball-opener/ |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=ACLSports |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318182008/https://www.aclsports.com/team-nigeria-record-defeat-in-world-beach-volleyball-opener/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar Najeriya ta kasance masu tsere a lokacin da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Raga ta Mata ta Kenya|Kenya]] ta cancanci gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 da aka jinkirta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=volleyballworld.com |title=Argentina, China, Cuba and Kenya take Olympic berths |url=https://en.volleyballworld.com/news/argentina-china-cuba-and-kenya-take-olympic-berths |access-date=2023-03-18 |website=volleyballworld.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 2001]] pgifm6yv9wipll2xx8yl69ax7f7fkoh 0 76846 915853 582182 2026-09-03T22:15:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayman Arguigue Safsafi''' (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Mayu shekara ta dubu biyu da biyar 2005) ɗan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta [[Ispaniya|Spain]] ta SD Huesca . An haife shi a Spain, matashi ne na kasa da kasa na [[Moroko|Maroko]]. == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Carcaixent, Community Valencian zuwa iyayen Moroccan, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2023 |title=Ayman, la joya de la Base Aragonesa de Fútbol |trans-title=Ayman, the pearl of the Aragonese Football youth setup |url=https://www.sportaragon.com/ayman-la-joya-de-la-base-aragonesa-de-futbol/ |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=Sport Aragon |language=es}}</ref> Arguigue ya fara aikinsa tare da garin UD Carcaixent yana da shekaru bakwai. A watan Agusta na shekarar 2021, ya ci gaba da gwaji a [[Getafe CF]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2021 |title=Ayman, el juvenil del UD Carcaixent que entrena con el Getafe CF |trans-title=Ayman, the ''juvenil'' of UD Carcaixent who trains with Getafe CF |url=https://golsmedia.com/futbol/juvenil/2021/08/30/ayman-juvenil-ud-carcaixent-entrena-getafe-cf/ |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=Golsmedia |language=es |archive-date=23 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723045425/https://golsmedia.com/futbol/juvenil/2021/08/30/ayman-juvenil-ud-carcaixent-entrena-getafe-cf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> amma ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da SD Huesca a watan Yuni na shekarar 2022, bayan David Timor ya ba da shawarar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2024 |title=El canterano Ayman se abre paso en el Huesca |trans-title=Youth player Ayman gets his foot in at Huesca |url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/deportes/futbol/sd-huesca/2024/01/16/el-canterano-ayman-se-abre-paso-en-el-huesca-1704227.html |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=[[Heraldo de Aragón]] |language=es}}</ref> Arguigue ya fara halarta na farko tare da kungiyar B a ranar 25 ga Satumba 2022, yana zuwa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbin rabin na biyu a wasan da ci 4–3 Tercera Federación ya yi nasara akan CD La Almunia . Ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a ranar 5 ga Maris, inda ya zira kwallon B a wasan da suka doke CD Cariñena da ci 3-0. Arguigue ya fara halartan ƙungiyarsa ta farko a ranar 21 ga Janairu 2024, ya maye gurbin Óscar Sielva a cikin 3–2 Segunda División asarar gida zuwa SD Huesca . <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2024 |title=El Eibar sale victorioso gracias a Stoichkov ante un valiente Huesca |trans-title=Eibar come out as winners thanks to Stoichkov against a valiant Huesca |url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/segunda-division/cronica/2024/01/21/65ad5f7e268e3e4b138b4594.html |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]] |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2024 |title=Ayman, una realidad del primer equipo |trans-title=Ayman, a first team reality |url=https://www.sportaragon.com/ayman-una-realidad-del-primer-equipo/ |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=Sport Aragon |language=es}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Ya cancanci buga wa Spain da [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta kasar Morocco|Morocco]] wasa, an kira Arguigue zuwa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 a cikin Maris 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2023 |title=Ayman Arguigue, convocado con Marruecos sub20 |trans-title=Ayman Arguigue, called up with Morocco under-20s |url=https://www.sdhuesca.es/noticias/ayman-arguigue-convocado-con-marruecos-sub20 |access-date=25 January 2024 |publisher=SD Huesca |language=es}}</ref> Ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a Morocco U20 a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] U20s da ci 4-0 a ranar 24 ga Janairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1, 1970 |title=Match amical des sélections masculines U20: victoire nette des Lionceaux de l’Atlas face à la Mauritanie 4-0 – FRMF |url=https://frmf.ma/fr/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86-20-%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b2-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d9%86/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] n5vybkrqb4cpazgc0t94iezkzho9kgb 0 78205 915922 465379 2026-09-04T02:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Bedwin Hacker' wani''''' fim ne na kasar [[Tunisiya|Tunisian]] game da ɗan fashin kwamfuta da ɗan fashi na talabijin wanda ke watsa saƙonnin da ke inganta 'yanci da daidaito ga' [[Arewacin Afirka|'Yan Arewacin Afirka]], da kuma yunkurin da Direction de la surveillance du territoire na Faransa ta same ta kuma ta dakatar da ita. <ref>[http://flowtv.org/2012/05/surveillance-disinformation-bedwin-hacker/ Surveillance and Disinformation. Hacked: Nadia El Fani’s “Bedwin Hacker”] Dale Hudson / NYU Abu Dhabi, May 19th, 2012, from flowtv.org, retrieved 2013 April 28</ref> sake shi a shekara ta 2003, ya riga ya wuce 2010 Arab Spring da shekaru da yawa. Fim din <ref>Maghrebs in Motion: North African Cinema in Nine Moments, by Suzanne Gauch, Oxford University Press, (2016). 114.</ref> karya nau'o'i da yawa na fina-finai na Tunisia, [1] ta hanyar mai da hankali kan batutuwan motsi a karni na 21 na Tunisia. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201010025807/https://academic.oup.com/screen/article-abstract/52/1/30/1668873?rss=1 Jamming civilizational discourse: Nadia El Fani's Bedwin Hacker], by Suzanne Gauch, Screen (2011) 52(1): 30-45, from oxfordjournals.org, retrieved 2013 April 28</ref> == Takaitaccen labarin fim == An buɗe fim ɗin tare da watsa wani raƙumi na zane mai ban dariya da aka yi a kan jawabin da shugaba Truman ya yi game da makamashin nukiliya. Masu fashin teku sun samo asali ne daga wani wuri mai nisa a Arewacin Afirka bisa aikin haƙƙin ɗan kutse mai suna Kalt, wanda ke aiki tare da matashin saurayinta wanda ke kiranta da 'auntie'. Daga nan sai Kalt ta kubutar da kawarta ba bisa ka'ida ba, Frida daga hannun 'yan gudun hijirar Faransa a birnin Paris ta hanyar yin kutse na kwamfutocin shige da fice. Kalt ya gana da wani ɗan jarida mai suna Chams. A guje wa halin da ake ciki a can, wanda ya hada da hare-haren 'yan sanda kan tarurrukan bakin haure, sun gudu zuwa Tunisiya. A Tunisiya Kalt ta dawo watsa shirye-shiryenta na 'yan fashin teku. A cikin fim din muna ganin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban na Turai sun katse ta hanyar watsa rakumi da sakonnin 'yanci da daidaito ga 'yan Afirka ta Arewa:<blockquote>"A cikin karni na uku akwai wasu lokuta, wasu wurare, sauran rayuwa. Mu ba almara ba ne."</blockquote>Wani wuri a cikin DST na Faransa, Julia, maigidanta, da wakili Zbor suna ƙoƙarin gano hanyoyin watsawa da dakatar da su. Julia ta kasance budurwar Chams, kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi amfani da shi don kutsawa da'irar ta'addanci na Kalt da kuma kawo ta. Chams yana da rikici amma ya bi umarninta. Ya sanya dabarar hira da dattijon da ke da gidan da Kalt da iyalinsa suke zaune. Dattijon mawaƙi ne kuma muna jin ƴan guntun wakokinsa na falsafa da fasaha suna nuna kimar 'yanci, wanda Chams ya yi watsi da shi yayin da yake ƙoƙarin gano sirrin rayuwar Kalt. Ya yi ƙoƙari ya taimaka wa Julia ya sa dokin trojan akan na'urar Kalt amma Kalt ya sanya tsare-tsaren da suka hana shi kuma ya bayyana mata ha'incinsa. A lokacin flashbacks mun koyi cewa Julia ta yi imani da m dan gwanin kwamfuta ya zama Pirate Mirage, wanda kuma zai iya zama tsohuwar saninta daga École Polytechnique, wanda shine, hakika, Kalt. Wani hasashe ya nuna suna aiki akan kwamfutoci a lokacin ƙananansu da kuma kasancewarsu masoya. Abokan Kalt sun raka Frida zuwa wani kida da take sakawa. 'Yan sandan Tunisiya da ke aiki tare da hukumomin Faransa sun tare su, amma sun yi ta daga hannu A wani lokaci Rakumi ya ce wa masu kallo su kira lambar waya. Ko ta yaya wannan yana rufe ikon zuwa wani yanki na Paris da ake kira La Défense . Bayan haka, matsin lamba na gwamnati a kan sashin Julia ya zama mai zafi yayin da ake kashe miliyoyin daloli don fitar da rashin gaskiya game da dan Dandantan Bedwin tare da gano ta. Yayin da DST ta rufe Kalt, Chams yana ƙara samun rikici, yana gaya wa Julia cewa babu 'yan ta'adda a cikin da'irar Kalt, yayin da a lokaci guda ta yi jayayya da Kalt cewa tana jefa kanta cikin haɗari kuma ta daina sace siginar TV. Julia, da maigidanta da farin ciki suka kora, daga ƙarshe ta bi diddigin inda Kalt ta ke, ta fuskance ta, a daidai lokacin da Kalt ke shirin isar da siginarta na ƙarshe sannan ta lalata duk shaidar aikinta. == Kiɗa == Waƙoƙin da ke cikin fim ɗin sun kasance na Larabci na zamani tare da tasirin hip hop da raye-raye. Har ila yau, akwai fage na kiɗan gargajiya da kiɗan zanga-zanga / kiɗan jama'a da ake kunnawa a cikin rukuni ko tsarin iyali. == Duba kuma == * Larabawa Spring * ''Hackers'' (fim) * Cyberpunk == Manazarta== {{Template:Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Template:IMDb title|0368595|Bedwin Hacker}} * Bedwin Hacker at Rotten Tomatoes [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] c4atjh5fo6bhmxd2rvjtui6gq005ya7 0 79056 915950 909270 2026-09-04T07:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''KAMFEDI,''' (wanda aka fi sani da Kamfen don Ilimi na Mata) kungiya ce ta kasa da kasa, mai zaman kanta, wacce aka kafa a 1993 wacce manufarta ita ce kawar da talauci a Afirka ta hanyar, ilimin 'yan mata da kuma karfafawa mata matasa. Shirye-shiryen CAMFED suna aiki a [[Zimbabwe]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] da [[Malawi]]. == Tarihi == Ann Cotton ce ta kafa '''KAMFEDI''' a 1993 don tallafawa 'yan mata su je makaranta wadanda in ba haka ba za a hana su ilimi saboda talauci. Tunanin CAMFED ya fito ne daga bayan tafiyar '''KAMFEDI''' zuwa Zimbabwe inda ta yi imani cewa karancin mata a makaranta saboda talauci ne wanda bai ba su damar rufe kuɗin makaranta ba.<ref name="cotton">{{Cite web |title=Our team – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/about/team/#ann-cotton |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> Ya fara ne tare da goyon baya ga 'yan mata 32 don halartar makarantar sakandare a gundumomi biyu na karkara na Zimbabwe. Ya zuwa 2017, Camfed ya tallafa wa yara sama da miliyan 1.5 ta hanyar ilimi a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta makarantu 5,500 a Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia da Zimbabwe.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Annual report 2016 |url=https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Camfed }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya zuwa 2023, Camfed ya ba da rahoton taimakawa yara miliyan 6.4 gabaɗaya, gami da 'yan mata miliyan 1.8 a makarantar sakandare. Da yake tsammanin buƙatar damar tattalin arziki na bayan makaranta ga matasa a cikin al'ummomin karkara, an kafa kungiyar '''KAMFEDI''' Alumnae <ref>{{Cite web |title=CAMA: Young women leading change – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/why-girls-education/leaders-of-change/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> (CAMA) a cikin 1998 don haɗa matasan mata masu barin makaranta da kuma ba da hanyoyi don damar makarantar sakandare. CAMA tana ba da tsari wanda membobinta za su iya bunkasa gwagwarmayarsu da jagoranci. A shekara ta 2017, CAMA tana da mambobi 84,675 matasan mata, daga cikinsu yanzu malamai, shugabannin kasuwanci, jami'an gwamnati, masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa.<ref name="auto"/> Alamar Camfed ita ce gwagwarmaya da taimakon jama'a na cibiyar sadarwar tsofaffi, waɗanda ke aiki sosai wajen tarawa da gudanar da kudade don tallafawa ƙarni na gaba na yara a makaranta. == Ayyuka == '''KAMFEDI''' tana mai da hankali kan yankunan karkara na [[Afirka]] inda talauci ya yadu, kuma 'yan mata da matasa mata suna fuskantar warewa daga ilimi da kuma damar da ilimi ke ba da ita. CAMFED tana aiki don gi'''KAMFEDI''' da 'yan mata wani yanayi na tallafi wanda za su iya halarta, kuma su yi nasara, a makarantar firamare da sakandare, da ci gaba zuwa matashi tare da damar da ta haɗa da horar da sana'a, ilimi mafi girma da samar da aiki. '''KAMFEDI''' tana ba da taimako ta hanyar biyan kuɗin makaranta, samar da kayan makaranta, littattafai, da kariya ta tsabta. Suna kuma aiki tare da makarantar ta hanyar horar da malamai don zama masu ba da shawara.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How we operate - our unique model - CAMFED |url=https://camfed.org/our-impact/camfed-model/}}</ref> === CAMA === CAMA, kungiyar '''KAMFEDIKAMFEDI''', ita ce ƙungiyar tsofaffi don masu karatun CAMFED. <ref>[https://camfed.org/why-girls-education/leaders-of-change/ "CAMA alumnae: Young women leading change"], Camfed.</ref> CAMA tana ba da tsari wanda membobinta za su iya bunkasa gwagwarmayarsu da jagoranci. Ana kiran wannan a matsayin 'CAMA Multiplier Effect', inda waɗannan matasan mata masu digiri yanzu suna jagorantar motsi don ilimin 'yan mata a cikin al'ummominsu. Ikon mambobin CAMA don jagorantar da aiwatar da irin wannan canji na dindindin ya fito ne daga kwarewar rayuwarsu. === Shirin Jagoran Mai Koyi === Shirin Learner Guide an fara shi kuma mata ne ke gudanar da shi a cikin ƙungiyar tsofaffin ɗalibai ta '''KAMFEDI''' CAMA waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa a makarantun gida don isar da tsarin karatun da aka tsara wanda ya haɗa da jagoranci, kiwon lafiya, ilmantarwa da ƙwarewar rayuwa ga ƙwaroransu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Learner Guide Program – CAMFED - Campaign for Female Education |url=https://camfed.org/our-impact/learner-guide-program/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=camfed.org}}</ref> Wannan aikin bangare biyu ne wanda a lokaci guda ke magance daidaitattun damar samun ilimi ga yara da kuma lokacin sauya makarantar sakandare ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Can We "Leapfrog" Educational Outcomes? (SSIR) |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_can_we_leapfrog_educational_outcomes |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=ssir.org |language=en-us}}</ref> Da farko, Shirin Jagora na Malami yana ba da shirin horo ga matasan mata don zama Masu Jagora, buɗe damar bayan sakandare, samar da horo na ƙwarewa, da ƙwarewar aiki. Abu na biyu, masu jagorantar masu ba da gudummawa suna ba da shirin da aka tsara wanda ke tallafawa yara da aka ware ta hanyar iliminsu, tare da tsarin karatun makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=How Some Of The Poorest Girls In The World Get Exactly The Education They Need |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2016/05/21/how-some-of-the-poorest-girls-in-the-world-get-exactly-the-education-they-need/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == '''KAMFEDI''' da Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci gaba == Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban, jerin manufofi na duniya da nufin magance [[talauci]], rashin daidaito, [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] da [[Canjin yanayi]] a duk faɗin duniya, sun fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairun 2016. A matsayin wani ɓangare na 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, an tsara waɗannan manufofi don tattara ƙoƙarin duniya don canza duniya cikin shekaru goma sha biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |title=The Sustainable Development Agenda |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/development-agenda/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=United Nations Sustainable Development |language=en-US}}</ref> '''KAMFEDI''' tana ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga ci gaba tare da SDG4: Ilimi mai inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar'''KAMFEDI'''-shiryen ci gaba masu ɗorewa da haɓaka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Varma |first=Priyanka |date=2016-11-22 |title=Ensuring millions of children have the opportunity to learn |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2016/11/22/ensuring-millions-of-children-have-the-opportunity-to-learn/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> wanda CAMFED ta gabatar wajen ilimantar da 'yan mata, da kuma tallafawa mata matasa ta hanyar sauyawa zuwa hanyoyin rayuwa masu aminci, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thorpe |first=Devin |title=How Many Girls Can One Woman Teach? You'd Be Surprised |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/devinthorpe/2014/09/16/how-many-girls-can-one-woman-teach-youd-be-surprised/ |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> aikin CAMFED yana ba da gudummawa ga cimma yawancin Manufofin Ci gaba mai ɗorewa ciki har da Manufar 1: Talauci, Manufar 3: Lafiya mai kyau, Manufar 5: Daidaitaccen jinsi, Manufar 13: Ayyukan Yanayi, da sauransu. == Takaddun shaida == A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, Kungiyar hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki da ci gaba (OECD) ta amince da '''KAMFEDI''' don mafi kyawun aiki wajen daukar sabbin abubuwan ci gaba.<ref name="oecd">{{Cite web |last=OECD |title=OECD DAC Prize |url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/dacprize.htm |access-date=2015-01-22 |website=}}</ref> A cikin 2017, an ba da kyautar WISE Award na Shirin Jagora na Malami.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 WISE Awards |url=http://www.wise-qatar.org/wise-awards-2017 |access-date=2019-04-09 |website=www.wise-qatar.org |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 2019, '''KAMFEDI''' USA an kiyasta ta Charity Navigator a 96.30 daga cikin 100 gabaɗaya, tare da ƙimar 96.64 daga cikin 100 don kuɗin sa da kuma 96.00 daga cikin 100 saboda gaskiya da lissafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charity Navigator - Rating for Camfed USA Foundation |url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=11479 |access-date=2019-11-28 |website=Charity Navigator}}</ref> == Shahararrun magoya baya == '''KAMFEDI''' ta sami amincewar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo [[Morgan Freeman]], tsohon Shugaban Amurka [[Bill Clinton]], marubuciya [[Doris Lessing]], tsohon Firayim Minista na Ostiraliya da Shugaban Kwamitin GPE Julia Gillard, mawaƙa / marubuciya Joan Armatrading, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, mawaƙa - marubuciya, kuma mai ba da agaji [[Rihanna]], 'yar kasuwa da mai ba da taimako Martha Lane Fox da kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayon, samfurin da mai fafutuka [[Emma Watson]]. Kasuwancin zamantakewa '''KAMFEDI'''="cx-link" data-linkid="138" href="./Ayisha_Fuseini" id="mwfg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ayisha Fuseini">Ayisha Fuseini ya zama mai ba da gudummawa ga shirin CAMFED lokacin da ta gabatar da ita ga kasuwancin [[Man kaɗe|man shanu]]. == Ƙarin karantawa == * '''[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf KAMFEDI]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'''[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Annual_Report_and_Financial_Statements_2016.pdf Rahoton Shekara-shekara na 2016]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="auto"/> * Tsarin dabarun '''KAMFEDI''' 2015-19 <ref>[https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Strategic_Plan_2015-2019.pdf Camfed Strategic Plan 2015-19] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701082145/https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Strategic_Plan_2015-2019.pdf |date=2023-07-01 }} Camfed</ref> * Hukumar Ilimi ta 2016, ''The Learning Generation: Zuba jari a ilimi don duniya mai canzawa'' <ref>[http://report.educationcommission.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Learning_Generation_Full_Report.pdf Learning generation] educationcommission.org</ref> * Winthrop, R., Nuwamba 2016, Stanford Social Innovation Review: Ta yaya Za Mu iya "Leapfrog" Sakamakon Ilimi? <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Can We "Leapfrog" Educational Outcomes? (SSIR) |url=https://ssir.org/articles/entry/how_can_we_leapfrog_educational_outcomes |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=ssir.org |language=en-us}}</ref> * Winthrop, R., Perlman Robinson, J., Cibiyar Ilimi ta Duniya a Brookings: Miliyoyin Ilimi: Ƙara Ilimi mai inganci a Kasashe masu tasowa <ref>[https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FINAL-Millions-Learning-Report-1.pdf Millions Learning: Scaling up Quality Education in Developing Countries] brookings.edu</ref> * Shapiro, J., Mayu 2016, Forbes: Ta yaya Wasu daga cikin 'yan mata mafi talauci a duniya suka sami daidai ilimin da suke bukata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=How Some Of The Poorest Girls In The World Get Exactly The Education They Need |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2016/05/21/how-some-of-the-poorest-girls-in-the-world-get-exactly-the-education-they-need/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Shapiro, J., Oktoba 2015, Forbes: [https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/10/03/education-is-the-key-to-all-global-development-goals-qa-with-julia-gillard/#3fab14e223fd ''Ilimi shine mabuɗin Dukkanin Manufofin Ci Gaban Duniya (Q&A Tare da Julia Gillard) ''] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=Education Is The Key To All Global Development Goals (Q&A With Julia Gillard) |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/10/03/education-is-the-key-to-all-global-development-goals-qa-with-julia-gillard/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Shapiro, J., Fabrairu 2015, Forbes: Don Gyara Makarantu na Amurka, Ka yi la'akari da Ayyukan Camfed a Afirka ta Kudu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shapiro |first=Jordan |title=To Fix U.S. Schools, Consider Camfed's Work In Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2015/02/27/to-fix-u-s-schools-consider-camfeds-work-in-sub-saharan-africa/ |access-date=2019-05-29 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> * Bincike Horizons, Jami'ar Cambridge, Fitowa 32 Fabrairu 2017 "Ilimi shine Duk abin da"[https://www.cam.ac.uk/system/files/issue_32_research_horizons.pdf "Ilimi shine Dukkanin"] * [Hotuna a shafi na 9] CAMFED ''Gudanarwa, Lissafi ga Yarinya. '' ''Yin aiki zuwa ga daidaitattun Gudanarwa a Sashin Ci Gaban Duniya''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Camfed Governance Accounting to the Girl |url=https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Linklaters_Accounting_to_the_Girl.pdf |access-date=13 September 2023 |website=Camfed |archive-date=26 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626093151/https://camfedorg2015.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/files/Camfed_Linklaters_Accounting_to_the_Girl.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An yi amfani da shi a shekara ta 2010. "A Power-Sharing Model for Systemic Change". Rahoton Tasirin Camfed na 2010. * Kristof, N., da S. WuDunn, 2010. ''Rabin Sama: Juya zalunci zuwa Dama ga Mata a Duniya''. Rubuce-rubuce. * Gidan zura kwarin nan, 2012. [http://www.ungei.org/files/What_Works_in_Girls_Education_in_Ghana.pdf "Abin da ke aiki a cikin Ilimi na 'yan mata a Ghana".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200816023502/http://www.ungei.org/files/What_Works_in_Girls_Education_in_Ghana.pdf |date=2020-08-16 }} * CAMFED International, 2004. ''Ina da Labari da zan fada: Bikin Shekaru Goma na CAMFED International'',   * Joann Weiner, "Wata mace mai ƙarfi ta Afirka tana rayuwa daidai da kiran Michelle Obama don ba 'yan mata damar zuwa makaranta", The Washington Post, 12 Disamba 2014. * "Mutumin da ya kammala karatu don zama mai ba da shawara kan manufofin ilimi na duniya", Zambia: Newsline, United Nations Girls' Education Initiative. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://camfed.org/ Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] * Yara marasa makaranta: Sabon Bayyanawa na Bayyana ƙalubalen da ke ci gaba, Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙididdiga ta UNESCO. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] edwbgj1o5uvx9vd5v1hqdsuyzvdy9gr 0 79472 915939 817885 2026-09-04T05:32:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Boissie Henry Mbha''' (an haife shi 31 ga Yulin shekarar 1952) [[alkali]] ne ɗan [[Afirka ta Kudu]] mai murabus wanda ya yi aiki a Kotun Ƙoli ta ɗaukaka ƙara daga Yuni 2014 zuwa Agusta 2022. Ya kuma kasance shugaban kotun zaɓe daga shekarar 2018 zuwa 2022, kuma ya yi aiki a kotun tsarin mulki na wani lokaci a shekarar 2016. Tsohon lauya, an naɗa shi a benci a watan Oktoban shekarar 2004 a matsayin alkali na Babban Kotun Gauteng Division . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Mbha a ranar 31 ga Yulin shekarar 1952 a [[Johannesburg]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mbha, Boissie Henry |url=https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/judges/acting-judges-of-the-supreme-court-of-appeal/25-judges/mbha-boissie-henry |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Supreme Court of Appeal}}</ref> Ya yi karatun digiri a Makarantar Sakandare na Morris Isaacson a Soweto, wani gari a wajen [[Johannesburg]], kuma ya ci gaba zuwa [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]], inda ya kammala BJuris a shekarar 1981. Bayan haka ya halarci [[Jami'ar Witwatersrand]], inda ya kammala karatunsa a 1985 tare da LLB. <ref name=":0" /> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yayin da yake aiki a matsayin lauya, Mbha ya ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Johannesburg, inda ya kammala difloma a fannin shari'a a 1996, difloma a aikin haraji a 1999, da LLM a haraji a 2010.<ref name=":0"/> == Aikin shari'a == Bayan ya kammala LLB ɗinsa da labaran aikin, an shigar da Mbha a matsayin lauya na Kotun Ƙoli na Afirka ta Kudu a 1987. <ref name=":0"/> Ya yi aiki a wani kamfanin lauyoyi a matsayin mataimaki na ƙwararrun shekaru da yawa kafin, a cikin shekarar 1990, ya kafa nasa kamfani mai suna BH Mbha Attorneys. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=JSC Interviews Judge Boissie Mbha |url=https://www.judgesmatter.co.za/interviews/april-2017-interviews/jsc-candidates/judge-boissie-mbha/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Judges Matter |language=en-ZA}}</ref> A cikin Oktoban shekarar 2003, an naɗa shi a matsayin alkali na riko a sashin Gauteng na babbar kotun Afirka ta Kudu ; a dai-dai wannan lokacin, ya kasance alkali na soja na rundunar kiyaye tsaron ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> == Babban Kotun Gauteng: 2004-2014 == A cikin watan Yulin shekarar 2004, yayin da Mbha ke ci gaba da zama alkali na riko, shugaba Thabo Mbeki ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a nada shi na dindindin a kujerar babban kotun Johannesburg . Ya hau mulki a watan Oktoban 2004 a karshen wa'adinsa na riko<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2004 |title=Mbeki appoints nine judges |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/mbeki-appoints-nine-judges-20040715 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> A cikin shekaru goma da ya yi a Babbar Kotun, Mbha shi ne mataimakin shugaban kotun daukaka kara daga 2007 zuwa 2014. <ref name=":1"/> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin alkali na riko a Kotun Koli ta daukaka kara tsakanin Oktoba 2012 da Mayu 2013. <ref name=":0"/> == Kotun Koli ta daukaka kara: 2014-2022 == A cikin watan Afrilun shekarar 2014, Mbha na cikin 'yan takara bakwai da Hukumar Sabis ta Shari'a ta tantance don yuwuwar daukaka kara zuwa Kotun Koli na dindindin. Ana kallon Mbha a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan takara kuma tattaunawarsa da hukumar ta ci gaba da gudana cikin kwanciyar hankali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2014 |title=JSC recommends judges for Supreme Court of Appeal |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2014-04-09-jsc-recommends-judges-for-supreme-court-of-appeal/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Business Day |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Bayan tambayoyin, hukumar ta ba da shawarar Mbha, Kevin Swain, da Dumisani Zondi don naɗa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=2014-04-09 |title=Is the Judicial Service Commission still a boys’ club? |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-10-analysis-is-the-judicial-service-commission-still-a-boys-club/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> kuma Shugaba [[Jacob Zuma]] ya amince da shawarar a wata mai zuwa, inda ya nada Mbha zuwa Kotun Koli ta ɗaukaka ƙara daga 1 Yuni 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2014 |title=Zuma appoints new judges |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/zuma-appoints-new-judges-20140530 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cewar ''Mail & Guardian'', an dauke shi a matsayin "mai daraja duk-rounder" a cikin kotu. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=31 March 2017 |title=A solid list of candidates line up for a ConCourt vacancy |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-03-31-00-a-solid-list-of-candidates-line-up-for-a-concourt-vacancy/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> === Kotun Tsarin Mulki === Daga ranar 1 ga watan Agusta zuwa 15 ga watan Disamba 2016 an zabi Mbha a matsayin mai rikon mukamin alkali a kotun tsarin mulkin kasar Afirka ta Kudu, wanda shugaba Zuma ya nada domin cike kujerar mai shari'a Bess Nkabinde . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chabalala |first=Jeanette |date=15 July 2016 |title=Zuma appoints two acting ConCourt judges |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/zuma-appoints-two-acting-concourt-judges-20160715 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, Mbha ya rubuta hukuncin mafi rinjaye na kotun a ''birnin Cape Town da Aurecon'' da kuma a ''Laubscher NO v Duplan.'' Na ƙarshe, hukuncin da aka yanke game da gadon gado a cikin haɗin gwiwar jima'i na dindindin tsakanin mutanen da ba a yi aure ba, an soki su, ciki har da Pierre de Vos, a matsayin ƙaddamar da ra'ayi mai raɗaɗi game da auren jima'i da kuma magana ga ƙungiyoyin jima'i a matsayin "aure" a cikin alamun ambato. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> Jim kaɗan bayan barin Kotun Tsarin Mulki, a cikin Maris ɗin shekarar 2017, Mbha na daya daga cikin 'yan takara biyar da aka zaba kuma aka yi hira da su don yiwuwar nadin kujerar Kotun Tsarin Mulki da Mai Shari'a Johann van der Westhuizen mai ritaya ya bar. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chabalala |first=Jeanette |date=4 April 2017 |title=I am fascinated by the law - ConCourt judge candidate |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/i-am-fascinated-by-the-law-concourt-judge-candidate-20170404 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin da ya yi hira da Hukumar Shari'a, an tambaye shi game da zargin launin fata tsakanin alkalai a Kotun Ƙoli kuma an yi masa tambayoyi "mawuyaci" game da rabuwa da iko, a lokacin da ya yi jayayya cewa kada alkalai su yi magana game da "al'amuran zamantakewa na yau da kullum". "a cikin taron jama'a da ba na shari'a ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2017 |title=Race tensions on the SCA ripped open |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-07-00-race-tensions-on-the-sca-ripped-open/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2017 |title=Racial tension, lack of collegiality rife at Supreme Court of Appeal, JSC hears |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2017-04-04-racial-tension-lack-of-collegiality-rife-at-supreme-court-of-appeal-jsc-hears/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Mail & Guardian |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Bayan hirar, Mbha ne kawai daya daga cikin 'yan takara biyar da Hukumar Shari'a ba ta ba shugaban ƙasa shawarar da ya dace da daukaka zuwa Kotun Tsarin Mulki; <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2017 |title=Four recommended for Constitutional Court post |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017-04-05-four-recommended-for-constitutional-court-post/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Sunday Times |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An nada Leona Theron a ƙarshe don cike gurbin. === Kotun zabe === A cikin watan Agustan 2018, Hukumar Kula da Shari'a ta sanar da cewa Mbha ne kadai aka zaɓa don zama shugaban Kotun Zaɓen Afirka ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobler |first=Riaan |date=2 August 2018 |title=JSC announces shortlist for judicial positions |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/jsc-announces-shortlist-for-judicial-positions-20180802 |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}</ref> Bayan wata tattaunawa da ya yi da hukumar kula da harkokin shari’a, <ref name=":1"/> an nada shi mukamin, wanda ya gudanar a babban zaɓen 2019 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-20 |title=Political tolerance applies to all South Africans: Mbha |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/political-tolerance-applies-to-all-south-africans-mbha/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ritaya == Mbha ya yi ritaya daga Kotun Koli da Kotun Zaɓe a watan Agustan 2022. Daga baya a wannan watan, ya kasance memba na babban tawagar sa ido, wanda kungiyar alkalai da shari'a ta Afirka ta ba da umarni kuma Chande Othman ya jagoranta, wanda ya je Kotun Koli ta Kenya da ke [[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]] don kallon shari'ar da ke haifar da cece-kuce kan 2022 Zaben shugaban kasar Kenya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Judges and Jurists Forum sends Observer Mission to monitor Kenya presidential election petition proceedings |url=https://africajurists.org/africa-judges-and-jurists-forum-sends-observer-mission-to-monitor-kenya-presidential-election-petition-proceedings/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Africa Jurists and Judges Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-29 |title=Odinga Says He Will Respect Jurists |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/odinga-says-he-will-respect-jurists/6721018.html |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Shugaban Kotun Ƙoli Lex Mpati ya bayyana a matsayin "nau'in mai son motsa jiki", Mbha ya yi tseren Marathon na Comrades sau shida kuma yana da baƙar bel a cikin karate . <ref name=":2"/> A matsayinsa na dalibi a 1975, ya kasance shugaban Jami'ar Fort Hare's All Sports Council, <ref name=":0"/> kuma daga baya ya zama mataimakin shugaban Afirka na kungiyar dambe ta duniya daga 1995 zuwa 1998, a matsayin wakilin Afirka ta Kudu a ƙungiyar dambe ta duniya. daga 2002 zuwa 2003, kuma a matsayin memba na zartarwa kuma mai ba da shawara kan shari'a na Hukumar Kula da Dambe ta Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1"/> Shi ma memba ne kuma shugabar cocin Episcopal na [[Itofiya|Habasha]], <ref name=":0"/> kuma a cikin 2016 ya sami lambar yabo ta Dignitas da aka baiwa tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar Johannesburg. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2016 |title=UJ honours iconic figures with 2016 Alumni Dignitas and Ellen Kuzwayo Council Award |url=https://news.uj.ac.za/news/uj-honours-iconic-figures-with-2016-alumni-dignitas-and-ellen-kuzwayo-council-award-2/ |access-date=2023-12-30 |website=University of Johannesburg News |language=en-US}}</ref> Yana auren Nikiwe Mbha, wanda yake da yara uku tare da su. <ref name=":0" /> == Maganar == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.supremecourtofappeal.org.za/index.php/judges/acting-judges-of-the-supreme-court-of-appeal/25-judges/mbha-boissie-henry Boissie Henry Mbha] a Kotun Koli ta daukaka kara * [https://www.judgesmatter.co.za/interviews/april-2017-interviews/jsc-candidates/judge-boissie-mbha/ Alkalin BH Mbha] a Alkalai Matter * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAZmul99KkE Hira] da Jami'ar Johannesburg * [https://gcbsa.co.za/jscdocs/2018%20September/Mbha%20-%20Electoral.pdf Binciken] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217090221/https://gcbsa.co.za/jscdocs/2018%20September/Mbha%20-%20Electoral.pdf |date=2024-02-17 }} Majalisar Lauyoyi [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sxzr2z6ffhmcbajrhq4kqvkymrs2d1m 0 80331 915585 898103 2026-09-03T16:05:50Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 915585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kwalejin Mzuzu ta Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.mzuzuacademy.org/ |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=www.mzuzuacademy.org}}</ref> makarantar sakandare ce ta duniya da ke da tushe mai zurfi a cikin al'ummar Mzuzu. Tana kusa da garin Mzuzu, [[Malawi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.mzuzu.org/ |website=mzuzu.org |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224005709/https://mzuzu.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.malawi.gov.mw/ |website=malawi.gov.mw |access-date=2024-06-29 |archive-date=2020-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416051012/http://www.malawi.gov.mw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa ta Mzuzu wata [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]] ce mai zaman kanta da makarantar kwana (Shekara 7 sama) ga ɗalibai masu shekaru 4 zuwa 16, Karɓar zuwa Shekara 11. == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa ta Mzuzu a ƙarshen maraice na Janairu 16, 2003 a wurin Mr. da Mrs. Don Banda a Birnin [[Kirk Mangus|Kirkland]], Jihar [[Washington (jiha)|Washington]], Amurka, ta Malawians huɗu: Don Banda, Victor Mhoni, Anna Msowaya-Keys da Jaster Nyasulu. A wannan taron tare da yin tunani a matsayin ajanda, su huɗun sun tattauna game da shirye-shiryen makaranta da ayyukan tara kuɗi. A watan Mayu, shekara ta 2003, kungiyar ta karu zuwa goma. Sabbin mambobin kwamitin sune Frazier Nyasulu, MacMillan Dalla, Sophie Nyasulu، Sheila Mkandawire, Alexander Mkandawure da Selina Mkandawre . An buɗe Kwalejin Kasa da Kasa ta Mzuzu a watan Satumbar 2010 kuma a halin yanzu, Afrilu 2017, tana da yawan ɗalibai 200 masu shekaru daga 4-16; gami da masu shiga 60. Kimanin kashi 25% na yawan mutanen makarantar sakandare, Shekaru 7-11, ɗaliban tallafin karatu ne waɗanda aka samo daga iyalai marasa galihu a yankin. == Tsarin karatu == Makarantar ta bi Tsarin Nazarin Kasa na Ingilishi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools, colleges and children's services : Curriculum and qualifications - GOV.UK |url=https://www.gov.uk/topic/schools-colleges-childrens-services/curriculum-qualifications |access-date=2020-01-24 |website=www.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> wanda aka daidaita don haɗa hangen nesa na kasa da kasa, wanda ke haifar da Jami'ar Cambridge ta Babban Takardar Shaidar Ilimi na Sakandare (IGCSE) a matakin yau da kullun a cikin Form 5 (Shekara 11).   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (March 2013)">failed verification</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Darussan suna ba da shirye-shiryen karatu masu zurfi waɗanda ke rufe batutuwan makarantar sakandare na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mzuzu Academy - Curriculum |url=http://www.mzuzuacademy.org/academics/curriculum |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415090336/http://www.mzuzuacademy.org/academics/curriculum |archive-date=2013-04-15 |access-date=2012-08-22}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == ouc687vj2gooy9tzm1voo7bpfhmy4xq 0 81463 915497 722638 2026-09-03T13:37:16Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l87o2g5ibo0b0785xs0ntitjkjca99n 915500 915497 2026-09-03T13:38:02Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fdxe832ofsyuac7mwdvzd6poc9bcvs1 915501 915500 2026-09-03T13:38:36Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba shekarar, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin shekarar 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kqem5uzl16c7189i3w3xo75wz5pawer 915503 915501 2026-09-03T13:40:39Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na shekarar 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekarar,2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba shekarar, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin shekarar 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kh3j4gyl3lmcivtqksp8magdd6pyi38 915506 915503 2026-09-03T13:41:31Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na shekarar 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekarar,2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin shekarar 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni shekarar, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba shekarar, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin shekarar 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r7r5zbvwd7b2fz36p67nu51rhuw7lsi 915508 915506 2026-09-03T13:42:44Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Farming_Simulator_Logo.png |thumb|Tambarin]] [[File:Farming_Simulator_at_Gamescom_2016_(29018471426).jpg |thumb| Wasu a wurin wasan]] Farming Simulator jerin wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo na noma wanda GIANTS Software ya haɓaka. Wuraren sun dogara ne akan yanayin Amurka da Turai. 'Yan wasa suna iya [[noma]], kiwo [[dabbobi]], noman amfanin gona, da sayar da kadarorin da aka kirkira daga noma. Wasannin sun sayar da kwafi sama da miliyan 25 a hade, haka kuma sun yi downloading na wayar hannu miliyan 90. An fara sake fasalin wasan, faɗaɗawa, kuma ana sake sakewa duk bayan shekaru biyu, (ban da sabon sakin su) tare da ingantattun zane-zane, manyan motocin hawa, da ƙarin ayyuka masu ban sha'awa don mai amfani ya yi. == Wasanni. == A cikin yanayin aiki, 'yan wasa suna ɗaukar matsayin manoma. Ayyukansu sun dogara ne akan fadadawa da haɓaka kayan aiki da injuna na zamani, waɗanda za a iya samun su ta hanyar girbi da sayar da amfanin gona. 'Yan wasa suna da 'yanci don bincika wuraren da ke kewaye da taswirar, girma daga zaɓin amfanin gona da yawa, da saka kuɗin su a ƙarin filayen da kayan aiki. Suna kuma iya kiwon dabbobi ko samun kudin shiga daga gandun daji. Akwai ayyuka da aka ƙera da ƙarfi waɗanda suka ƙunshi ɗan wasan yana yin ayyuka daban-daban a cikin ɗan lokaci kamar yankan ciyawa, filayen taki, ko jigilar kaya. Ana ba mai kunnawa kuɗi da kuɗi da zarar an gama aikin, da kari akan yadda aka kammala aikin cikin sauri (ban da Farming Simulator 19,22). Farming Simulator 14 shine farkon na'urar kwaikwayo ta Farming ta wayar hannu don samun yanayin 'yan wasa da yawa. Farming Simulator 16 yana da aikin Bluetooth. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo na zamani na yanzu suna da na'urori da yawa ( Farming Simulator akan na'urorin wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe shine tashar wasan bidiyo na farko na wasan, tare da duk fasalulluka na shekarar 2013, Titanium). Farming Simulator 15 don PlayStation 4 da Xbox One shima yana da yanayin yawan wasa. == Wasanni. == === PC da na'ura mai amfani === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2008.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 2008, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 2008, a matsayin sakin farko a hukumance na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Farming Simulator. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2009.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2009, shine wasa na biyu a cikin jerin. Tana da sabbin abubuwa da yawa irin su sabbin nau'ikan amfanin gona (masara, rapeseed/canola, da sha'ir), tallafin gyaran fuska da injina da yawa, yayin da yake da taswira iri ɗaya kamar 2008, amma an sake gyarawa. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2011.'' ==== Wannan shi ne wasa na uku a cikin jerin, kuma na farko da ya fito da yanayin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa. An fadada shi sosai tare da gabatar da sabuwar taswira. An ƙara injiniyoyi daga Deutz-Fahr, Pöttinger, da Horsch (wanda kuma aka nuna a cikin FS 2009 na Zinare). Shanu kuma sun kasance ƙari ga wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2013'' ==== Sakin farko na Farming Simulator 2013, ya kasance a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2012. An fitar da sigar don PlayStation Vita, PlayStation 3, da Xbox 360 a cikin shekarar 2013, wanda aka sani da Farming Simulator. Kusan shekara guda bayan fitowar ta PC, ta sami babban sabuntawa da sake sakewa a ƙarƙashin taken Farming Simulator 2013, Titanium Edition, a ranar 10 ga watan Oktoba shekarar,2013. Ya ƙunshi duk kadarorin da suka gabata daga farkon haɓakawa, tare da sabon abun ciki na Amurka. -tsarin muhalli a cikin hanyar taswirar da ake kira "Westbridge Hills" da sababbin motoci. An kuma fitar da sabon abun ciki azaman add-on DLC don waɗanda ke da ainihin sigar wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FS13 - Titanium Add-on |url=http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701014318/http://www.farming-simulator.com/dlc-detail-fs13-titanium.php?lang=e |archive-date=July 1, 2015 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |website=farming-simulator.com |publisher=GIANTS Software GmbH}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 15.'' ==== Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa Windows da Mac OS a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 2014. Wannan sigar ta gabatar da gandun daji, motocin da za a iya wankewa, da nau'ikan iri 41. Kusan kayan aiki 140 suna cikin wasan tushe, 160 a cikin fakitin DLC na gwal. Farming Simulator 15 an sake shi zuwa consoles a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekarar 2015. <ref name="rel15_console">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 15 Xbox 360 - Farming 15 |url=http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153345/http://www.farming2015mods.com/farming-simulator-2015/game-farming-simulator-15/ |archive-date=October 22, 2018 |access-date=June 15, 2015 |publisher=[[Farming2015mods]]}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 17.'' ==== Farming Simulator 17 an sake shi a ranar 25 ga watan Oktoba shekarar, 2016. Yana fasalta dawowar Fendt tun farkon halarta na farko a Farming Simulator 2009, da kuma Massey Ferguson, Challenger, da Valtra. A karon farko a cikin wasan gindi, ana gabatar da waken soya, sunflowers, da radishes mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona mai girma. A wasannin da suka gabata, da mai kunnawa ya zazzage wani gyara don ƙara waɗannan amfanin gona. An canza injinan noman amfanin gona, don ba da damar hanyoyi daban-daban don ƙara yawan amfanin gona. Waɗannan sun haɗa da takin filayen sau da yawa a duk lokacin girma, noma filin bayan adadin girbi, yanke amfanin gona, ko amfani da radish mai mai a matsayin amfanin gona. An kuma sabunta tsarin manufa, wanda ya baiwa mai kunnawa damar yin aiki ga sauran manoman cikin wasan. Sauran abubuwan da aka ƙara sun haɗa da jiragen ƙasa masu tuƙi da rediyon cikin wasa. A ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2017, an fitar da sabon fakitin faɗaɗa don duk dandamali. Wannan ya ƙara sabon taswira, haɓakar [[rake]] da sabbin motoci da kayan aiki. Ana kiran wannan fakitin fadada platinum kuma kyauta ne tare da fasfon yanayi wanda kuma yana samuwa ga duk dandamali. ==== ''Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition.'' ==== Farming Simulator Nintendo Switch Edition ya fito a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2017. Tashar ruwa ce ta Farming Simulator 17 tare da taswirori iri ɗaya, motoci, da sauransu. Babu DLC da aka saki don wannan take. ==== ''Shirin Noma 19.'' ==== Farming Simulator 19 an sake shi a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2018. Wasu sabbin abubuwa masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da injin zane da aka sake fasalin da ƙari na noman doki da kuma hatsi da auduga. Wasan kuma ya ƙunshi injinan John Deere a karon farko, da kuma Komatsu, Rau, Wilson trailer, da ƙari. Farming Simulator 19 kuma yana da Faɗin Platinum mai ɗauke da guda 37 na injin Claas (ko 41 idan an riga an yi oda). DLC na 6 shine Kverneland & Vicon DLC, wanda ya ƙunshi guda 20 na kayan aiki daga Kverneland, da Vicon, kamar FastBale; zagaye baler wrapper mara tsayawa. An saki DLC na bakwai, Alpine Farming a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 2020. Yana da sabon taswira, mai suna 'Erlengrat' da kuma sabbin injina masu lasisi, gami da AEBI da Rigitrac, da kuma dawowar Bührer. Farming Simulator 19: Ambasada Edition, wanda ya haɗa da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da haɓakarsa guda biyu da DLC guda shida, an sanar da shi ne saboda fitowar shi akan PC, PlayStation 4 da Xbox One akan Yuni 21, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 13, 2022 |title=FARMING SIMULATOR 19: AMBASSADOR EDITION ANNOUNCED BY GIANTS SOFTWARE |url=https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123203550/https://www.gamespress.com/FARMING-SIMULATOR-19-AMBASSADOR-EDITION-ANNOUNCED-BY-GIANTS-SOFTWARE |archive-date=January 23, 2023 |access-date=May 14, 2022 |website=www.gamespress.com}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition.'' ==== An sake shi ne tare da Farming Simulator na 19 a matsayin Kyautar Mai tarawa don sigar PC da akayi. ==== ''Shirin Noma 22.'' ==== An fito da Farming Simulator 22 a ranar 22 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2021. Yana da fasalin yanayin yanayi, canjin kayan aiki, sarƙoƙi na samarwa don amfanin gona da samfuran dabbobi, sabbin amfanin gona a cikin nau'in inabi, zaitun, da dawa, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. Hakanan sabo shine dacewa tare da DirectX 12, taswirar rufewar parallax, rufewar rufewa, yawo rubutu da anti-aliasing na ɗan lokaci. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2022, an fitar da Faɗin Platinum. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar gandun daji mai suna "Silverrun Forest" da kuma sabbin injuna 40 (wanda aka fi sani da Volvo BM), yawancin su na amfanin gandun daji. Hakanan an gabatar da alamar bishiyu da sabbin hanyoyin jigilar katako da suka haɗa da kwantena, winches, da yadi. An fito da babban faɗaɗa na biyu a ranar 14 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar, 2023. Ya haɗa da sabon taswirar tsakiyar Turai mai suna 'Zielonka', da sabbin amfanin gona waɗanda sune: Karas, Parsnips, da Red Beet. Fadada kuma ya haɗa da sabbin masana'antu da sarƙoƙi na samarwa, sama da sabbin injuna 35 da na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da samfuran 15, 4 waɗanda sababbi ne ga jerin: Dewulf, Gorenc, Agrio & WIFO.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Premium Expansion & Premium Edition Coming Soon! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716171314/https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?&news_id=475 |archive-date=July 16, 2023 |access-date=July 16, 2023 |website=Farming Simulator |language=en}}</ref> ==== ''Shirin Noma 25.'' ==== Farming Simulator 25 shine saitin take mai zuwa don fitarwa akan Nuwamba 12, 2024. An saita shi don nuna sabon Giants Engine 10 wanda zai ƙunshi ingantattun tasirin yanayi da ma'anar inuwa. Haka kuma sabbin noman Buffalo da aka nuna da kuma sabbin kayan amfanin gona na [[shinkafa]], alayyahu, da motoci sama da 400 da kayan aiki. A karon farko, taswirar mai jigo na Asiya za ta yi jigilar kaya daga cikin akwatin ban da taswirar Amurka da Turai na yau da kullun.<ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}</ref> === Wayar hannu. === ==== ''Shirin Noma na 2012.'' ==== Farming Simulator 2012, an sake shi don Nintendo 3DS, iOS, da Android a cikin shekarar 2012. Sigar 3DS kuma tana goyan bayan zane-zane na 3D. ==== ''Shirin Noma 14.'' ==== Farming Simulator 14 an sake shi don iOS, Android, Nintendo 3DS, Windows Phone da PlayStation Vita a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2013, kuma yana ba da ƙarin gogewa da ƙwarewar wasan caca na yau da kullun akan dandamali na wayar hannu fiye da magabata. Akwai alamun 10-20 a cikin wasan. ==== ''Shirin Noma 16.'' ==== Farming Simulator 16 aka saki don iOS, Android, Windows Phone, da kuma PlayStation Vita a ranar 8 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2015. Abin sha'awa shine, an sabunta wasan a watan Nuwamba 2023 don haɗawa da taraktan John Deere 7230 R, duk da alamar ba ta kasance a cikin ikon amfani da ikon amfani da ikon amfani da sunan kamfani ba har zuwa 2018. Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 18.'' ==== An sanar da wasan don saki akan Nintendo 3DS, iOS, Android, da PlayStation Vita. An sake shi a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni shekarar, 2017. Wasan yana da jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 28, da kayan aiki guda 48. Wannan wasan yana nuna taswira da ke wakiltar hamada/ciyayi na Amurka. ==== ''Shirin Noma 20.'' ==== An fitar da wasan don iOS da Android a ranar 3 ga watan Disamba shekarar, 2019. Wasan ya ƙunshi jimillar motocin tuƙi guda 25 da kayan aiki guda 91. Yayin da ya ƙunshi ƙarin motoci masu tuƙi da kayan aiki, ba shi da fasali da yawa kamar katako, da masu ɗaukar kaya na gaba. Ba kamar nau'ikan kwanan nan ba, Farming Simulator 20 ya haɗa da sabbin abubuwa kamar wurare daban-daban, dakatarwar abin hawa, mutum na farko, ikon kewayawa, sabbin dabbobin amfanin gona da yawa, ingantaccen tattalin arziƙi, da sabon injin mai yin kama da na Farming Simulator 19. ==== ''Shirin Noma 23.'' ==== Farming Simulator 23 an sake shi don iOS/Android da Nintendo Switch a ranar 23 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 2023. Wasan ya ƙunshi kayan aiki guda 100, 130 akan Nintendo Switch. Kamar Farming Simulator 22, yana ganin ƙaddamar da ciyawa, sarƙoƙin samarwa, da sabbin amfanin gona: inabi, zaitun, da dawa. Hakanan ita ce sigar wayar hannu ta farko da ta nuna kaji.[19]<ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}</ref> === Tarihin saki. === Akwai manyan jigogi guda takwas tare da lakabin wayar hannu guda biyar, gami da 2017 Nintendo Switch madaidaiciya bugu. {| class="wikitable" !Sunan !Ranar fitarwa !Dandalin dandamali !Dabbobi !Taswirar Al'ada |- |Shirin Noma na 2008 |Afrilu 14, 2008 |Windows XP |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2009 |Maris 30, 2009 |Windows 7 |Babu |Tsibirin Giants |- |Shirin Noma na 2011 |29 ga Oktoba, 2010 |Windows 7, Mac OS X |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma na 2012 |Maris 30, 2012 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS | | |- |Shirin Noma na 2013 |25 ga Oktoba, 2012 |Windows 8, Mac OS X, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360 |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Hagenstedt, Westbridge Hills |- |Shirin Noma 14 |Nuwamba 28, 2013 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Nintendo 3DS, Kindle Fire, PS Vita ChromeOS |Karnuka | |- |Shirin Noma 15 |PC: Oktoba 30, 2014, Consoles: Mayu 19, 2015 |Windows 10 macOS, PS4, PS3, Xbox 360, Xbox One X/S |shanu, tumaki, kaji |Bjornholm, Westbridge |- |Shirin Noma 16 |Mayu 8, 2015 |Android, iOS, Windows Phone, Fire OS, PS Vita, Windows 8 Windows 8.1 |Karnuka, Tumaki | |- |Shirin Noma 17 |25 ga Oktoba, 2016 |[[Microsoft Windows]], macOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 18 |Yuni 6, 2017 |Android, iOS, Nintendo 3DS, PS VitaPS Rayuwa |shanu, tumaki, aladu | |- |Shirin Noma Simulator Nintendo Switch |Nuwamba 7, 2017 |Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu |Kwarin Goldcrest, Sosnovka |- |Shirin Noma 19 |Nuwamba 20, 2018 |[[Microsoft Windows]], MacOS, PS4, Xbox One |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka |Ravenport, Felsbrunn |- |Shirin Shirin Shuka C64 Edition |2018 |Commodore 64 | | |- |Shirin Noma 20 |Disamba 3, 2019 |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch Lite/OLEDNintendo Switch Lite / OLED |shanu, tumaki, aladu, dawakai |Kwarin Blue Lake |- |Shirin Noma 22 |Nuwamba 22, 2021 |Windows 10/11, MacOS, PS4, PS5, Xbox One, Xbox Series X / S, |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma |Elmcreek, Erlengrat, Haut-Beyleron |- |Shirin Noma 23 |Mayu 23, 2023 <ref name="FS 23 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331160831/https://farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 |archive-date=March 31, 2023 |access-date=April 3, 2023 |website=farming-simulator.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?news_id=447 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]. </cite></ref> |Android, iOS, Nintendo Switch |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai |Amberstone, Neubrunn |- |Shirin Noma 25 |Nuwamba 12, 2024 <ref name="FS 25 Announcement">{{Cite web |title=Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May! |url=https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 |access-date=July 5, 2024 |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.farming-simulator.com/newsArticle.php?lang=en&country=us&news_id=544 "Farming Simulator 23 Releases In May!"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |TBA |shanu, tumaki, kaji, aladu, dawakai, karnuka, ƙudan zuma, Buffalo |Riverbead Springs,''2 ƙarin TBA'' 2 |} == Wasanni na Esports. == GIANTS Software ta kafa ƙungiyar Esports a cikin shekarar 2019. Akwai kimanin kungiyoyi goma sha biyu, da yawa daga cikin wadanda kamfanonin kayan aikin gona ke tallafawa. Maimakon gudanar da gona kamar manufar a cikin jerin wasannin, wasannin wasa ne na 3v3 don samun mafi girman maki na hay bales da aka sauke a cikin iyakar lokacin da aka ba su. liyafar shirin Farming Simulator ya haɗu a cikin kowane lakabi, tare da masu sukar suna yaba ma'anar shakatawa da tsararrun injuna da ababen hawa. Wasu sun soki wasannin saboda maimaitawarsu da rashin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke jayayya cewa ya kamata a sa ran irin waɗannan halaye a cikin na'urar kwaikwayo. Ko da yake shirin ya shafi masu sauraro waɗanda ke da masaniya a harkar noma, shirin gabaɗaya manoma da waɗanda ba manoma ba ne ke son shi. == Bayani. == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Bayanan da aka ambata. == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hdri4e10hb8vop0yyv47axolbxxgqpv 0 88975 915657 870734 2026-09-03T17:06:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ango Abdullahi''' masanin kimiyya ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma ɗan siyasa. Ya kasance tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello]] kuma tsohon wakilin mazabar [[Zariya|Zaria]] West na Jihar Kaduna . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Oboh |date=2023-01-27 |title=Vanguard Award: Ango Abdullahi, accomplished academic, elder statesman |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/vanguard-award-ango-abdullahi-accomplished-academic-elder-statesman/amp/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=How I became ABU’s VC at 40 — Ango Abdullahi - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/how-i-became-abus-vc-at-40-ango-abdullahi/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The Daily Trust |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aure == An haifi Ango Abdullahi a ranar 13 ga [[Disamba]] 1938 a kauyen Old Giwa . <ref name=":0"/> Ya auri marigayi Sanata [[Aisha Alhassan|Aisha Jummai Alhassan]], wanda aka fi sani da Mama Taraba . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Tosin |first=Alamu |date=2022-05-02 |title=Ango Abdullahi Biography, Wiki, Net Worth, Age, Wife, State, Religion - NG News 247 |url=https://www.ngnews247.com/ango-abdullahi-biography-wiki-net-worth-age-wife-state-religion/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Ent News Naija |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ilimi == Ya fara karatun firamare a makarantar firamare ta Kali a 1944, amma ya sauya zuwa makarantar firamaren Giwa a shekararsa ta ƙarshe, inda ya kammala bukatun shiga makarantar Zaria ta tsakiya. Ya halarci [[Kwalejin Barewa]] daga 1953 zuwa 1958, Kwalejin Fasaha, Kimiyya da Fasaha ta [[Najeriya]] daga 1959 zuwa 1961. Ya yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] daga 1961 zuwa 1964 da Jami'ar Jihar Kansas, [[Amurka]]. Ya ci gaba da samun MSc. a fannin noma a [[Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello|Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria]] a shekarar 1968 da kuma Ph.D a fannin aikin gona a shekarar 1976. Ya zama farfesa yana da shekaru 40 kuma daga baya Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar [[Ahmadu Bello Zaria]] . <ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2016-07-13 |title=ABDULLAHI, Prof Ango |url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/abdullahi-prof-ango/ |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ayyukan siyasa == Ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na mazabar [[Zariya|Zaria]] ta Arewa maso Yamma ta Jihar Kaduna . Daga tsakanin 1973 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin kwamishinan Jihar Arewa-Tsakiya. Ya kasance Daraktan Binciken Aikin Gona na Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello daga 1977 zuwa 1979. Daga baya ya zama Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban kasa a 1979 kuma daga ƙarshe Mataimakin Shugaba daga 1979 zuwa 1984. Daga baya ya yi aiki daga 1999 zuwa 2003 a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] kan Abinci da Tsaro . <ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> == Addini == Ango Abdullahi Musulmi ne.<ref name=":2"/> == Kyaututtuka / girmamawa == An ba shi lambar yabo a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin [[Order of the Niger|Kwamandan Order of the Niger]], CON ta Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya, kuma ya naɗa Magajin Rafin Zazzau (Kustodian na ruwa da albarkatun noma) ta asalinsa Zaria Emirate a wannan shekarar.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Ƴan siyasan Najeriya]] 5abf62ob7t49css8wm8gzh2v8tha4db 0 89248 915564 869719 2026-09-03T15:28:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Rebaran '''Amos Yohanna''' (an haife shi 4 Yunin shekara ta 1961) ɗan [[Najeriya]] ne Sanata mai wakiltar [[Adamawa]] ta Arewa Sanata daga shekarar 2023 har zuwa yanzu.<ref name="Leadership News">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25 |title=Yohanna Sworn-in As New Adamawa North Senator |url=https://leadership.ng/yohana-sworn-in-as-new-adamawa-north-senator/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwarsa ta farko da sana'a == Amos Yohanna ya fito ne daga ƙaramar hukumar Mubi ta Arewa a [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]] arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Rev. Amos Yohana takes over as Senator Adamawa North, as Court sacks Senator Abbo |url=https://daybreak.ng/rev-amos-yohana-takes-over-as-senator-adamawa-north-as-court-sacks-senator-abbo/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Daybreak, Politics, Entertainment, Sport |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521160346/https://daybreak.ng/rev-amos-yohana-takes-over-as-senator-adamawa-north-as-court-sacks-senator-abbo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoba 2023 aka rantsar da Amos Yohanna a matsayin sanata mai wakiltar [[Adamawa]] ta Arewa a majalisar dattawan [[Najeriya]].<ref name="Leadership News"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Adamawa North: Senate Swears In Yohanna As Abbo's Replacement |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2023/10/25/adamawa-north-senate-swears-in-yohanna-as-abbos-replacement/amp/ |website=Channels TV}}</ref> Yohanna shi ne Daraktan Ayyuka na Hukumar kiristoci ta zuwa Jorusalam a [[Najeriya]], muƙamin da ya sauka daga watan Yunin shekara ta 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE ESSENCE OF RETIREMENT IN SERVICE IS TO SHOW THERE IS SEASONS FOR EVERYTHING - NCPC BOSS |url=https://www.ncpc.gov.ng/news/the-essence-of-retirement-in-service-is-to-show-there-is-seasons-for-everything-ncpc-boss |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.ncpc.gov.ng |language=en-gb |archive-date=2024-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320232944/https://www.ncpc.gov.ng/news/the-essence-of-retirement-in-service-is-to-show-there-is-seasons-for-everything-ncpc-boss |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sulaimon |first=Nimot Adetola |date=30 April 2021 |title=Lagos Christian pilgrims set for Jordan not Jerusalem |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/04/30/lagos-christian-pilgrims-set-for-jordan/ |website=PM News Nigeria}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iagmwz8yrneya9bt22tg36lnwkzfolx 0 92336 915438 859519 2026-09-03T12:33:44Z Bauchi 1 40103 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|2 */ 915438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano. ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} e2w4vcn3wjlba70i7ezmxhxzepm7lur 915439 915438 2026-09-03T12:34:15Z Bauchi 1 40103 915439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano. ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} jqy09val7bb8hhljcxrnbfzr7h9ay2e 915440 915439 2026-09-03T12:35:22Z Bauchi 1 40103 915440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano. ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} rfjrby45njazwbioq3c8rckygix33fm 915442 915440 2026-09-03T12:37:14Z Bauchi 1 40103 915442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314</ref> ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} k2pnime7yl4k8ym88mrizabcg3asbcu 915443 915442 2026-09-03T12:38:11Z Bauchi 1 40103 /* Tarihi */ 915443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314</ref> ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Air Force |url=http://airforce.mil.ng/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Nigerian Air FOrce |language=en}}</ref> ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} 1ygsc938dphzms2u5u33oi69wactsv9 915445 915443 2026-09-03T12:39:04Z Bauchi 1 40103 /* Shekarar 1960 */ 915445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ya ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314</ref> ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Air Force |url=http://airforce.mil.ng/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Nigerian Air FOrce |language=en}}</ref> ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Celebrating 57 Years of Formidable Aerial Warfare - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/05/19/celebrating-57-years-of-formidable-aerial-warfare |newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} 5m2ysiy7vchu2b2fbrvu4lrhrnvx1xm 915449 915445 2026-09-03T12:39:46Z Bauchi 1 40103 915449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ta ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314</ref> ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Air Force |url=http://airforce.mil.ng/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Nigerian Air FOrce |language=en}}</ref> ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Celebrating 57 Years of Formidable Aerial Warfare - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/05/19/celebrating-57-years-of-formidable-aerial-warfare |newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Hujja}} s8areh66quq7gem22jukw54788eyvif 915450 915449 2026-09-03T12:40:16Z Bauchi 1 40103 /* Manazarta */ 915450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Sojojin Sama na [[Najeriya]]''' reshen ne na Sojojin [[Najeriya]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airforce.mil.ng/contact |title=NAF Contact Us |publisher=Airforce.mil.ng |access-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625094020/http://airforce.mil.ng/contact |archive-date=25 June 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>Ita ce reshe mafi ƙanƙanta na Sojojin [[Najeriya]], wanda aka kafa shekaru huɗu bayan ƙasar ta sami ƴanci. Ya zuwa shekarar 2021, rundunar sojan sama tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a yankin [[Afirka]], wanda ta ƙunshi ma'aikata sama da 18,000. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun jiragen sama sun hada da Chengdu F-7s, Dassault-Dornier Alpha Jets, JF-17 Thunder Block II, T129 Atak, Agusta Westland 109, Eurocopter EC135 da Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano.<ref>IISS Military Balance 2009, p.314</ref> ==Tarihi== Ko da yake an fara gabatar da rundunar sojan sama a 1958, dan majalisa da yawa sun fi son dogaro da kasar Ingila don kare iska. Amma a lokacin Ayyukan kiyaye zaman lafiya a Kongo da Tanganyika, Sojojin Najeriya ba su da sufuri na iska na kansu, don haka a cikin 1962, gwamnati ta fara daukar ma'aikata don horar da matukin jirgi a kasashe daban-daban, tare da goma na farko da Sojojin Sama na Masar ke koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Air Force |url=http://airforce.mil.ng/ |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=Nigerian Air FOrce |language=en}}</ref> ===Shekarar 1960=== An kafa Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a hukumance a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 1964 tare da wucewar Dokar Sojojin Jirgin Sama ta 1964. Dokar ta bayyana cewa "Za a caje Sojojin Sama na Najeriya da kare Jamhuriyar Tarayya ta iska, kuma don ba da sakamako, za a horar da ma'aikata a irin waɗannan ayyuka kamar a cikin iska da kuma kasa. " An kafa NAF tare da taimakon fasaha daga Jamus ta Yamma (yanzu Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus). Sojojin sama sun fara rayuwa a matsayin na'urar sufuri tare da ma'aikatan jirgin sama na farko da aka horar da su tare da Sojojin Sama na [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. Saiti na biyu na cadets sun sami horo a watan Fabrairun 1963 tare da Royal Canadian Air Force yayin da aka aika wasu cadets don horar da su tare da Indian Air Force. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Celebrating 57 Years of Formidable Aerial Warfare - THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/05/19/celebrating-57-years-of-formidable-aerial-warfare |newspaper=[[This Day]]|access-date=26 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Shugaban kungiyar taimakon Sojojin Sama ta Jamus (GAFAG) shi ne Colonel Gerhard Kahtz, kuma ya zama kwamandan farko na NAF. An kafa cibiyar NAF tare da kafa hedkwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya a Ma'aikatar Tsaro. NAF ba ta sami damar yaƙi ba har sai Tarayyar Soviet ta gabatar da jiragen sama da yawa na Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 don tallafawa kokarin yaƙi na Najeriya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. A ranar 13 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1967, biyo bayan hare-haren da suka faru da yawa daga jirgin saman Biafran, USSR ta fara isar da MiG-17s na farko daga Masar zuwa Kano IAP, a lokaci guda ta aika da babban kaya a cikin jirgin kasuwanci na Poland. Da farko an ba da MiG-15UTI guda biyu (NAF601 da NAF 602), da MiG-17 guda takwas (NAF903 zuwa NAF610) ga Najeriya. Daga baya an kawo bama-bamai shida na Il-28, da farko an tura su ne daga Masar da Czech, kuma an ajiye su a Calabar da [[Port Harcourt]]. ===Shekarar 1970=== A watan Yulin 1971, Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Duniya ta kiyasta cewa NAF tana da ma'aikata 7,000 da jirgin yaki na 32: jirage masu fashewa na Ilyushin Il-28 guda shida, MiG-17 guda takwas, masu horar da jirgin saman Aero L-29 Delfín guda takwas, da masu horarwar P-149D 10. Sauran jiragen sama sun hada da shida C-47, 20 Do-27/28, da takwas Westland Whirlwind da Alouette II helicopters. A cikin shekarun 1970s, Najeriya ta sayi Lockheed C-130 Hercules daga Amurka. An sayi shida a jimlar dala miliyan 45. An kawo 25 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MFs da MiG-21UM guda shida a cikin 1975 a lokacin zuwan gwamnatin Murtala-Obasanjo wacce ta maye gurbin gwamnatin Janar Yakubu Gowon. Yawancin waɗannan jiragen sama an tura su, suna mai da NAF ɗaya daga cikin manyan rundunonin sojan sama a Afirka a wannan lokacin. Jimi Peters ya rubuta: "... shirin ci gaban NAF na 1975-1980 ya sake fasalin tsarin NAF" a cikin rukunin (sojojin sama) waɗanda suka ba da rahoto ga hedkwatar rundunar sojan sama. Wannan tsari, ya ci gaba, an same shi da yawa, kuma ta haka ne aka kafa umarni biyu na tsakiya (tsarin soja) a cikin 1978: NAF Tactical Air Command da NAF Training Command. ===Shekarar 1980=== Daga shekara ta 1984, an kawo mayakan 18 na SEPECAT Jaguar (13 Jaguar SNs da 5 Jaguar BNs) kuma suna aiki daga [[Makurdi]]. Sun yi ritaya a shekarar 1991. Najeriya ta sayi masu horar da jiragen sama 24 na Aero L-39 Albatros a cikin 1986-87, bayan da ta yi ritaya daga rundunar sojan saman L-29 da aka ba da gudummawa ga Jamhuriyar Ghana Air Force a farkon ayyukan Yammacin Afirka (ECOMOG) a Laberiya. Wani yunkuri na gaba na fadada rundunar ta hanyar samun karin 27 a cikin 1991 ba a aiwatar da shi ba. ===Shekarar 2000=== A shekara ta 2005, a karkashin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], Majalisar Najeriya ta ba da dala miliyan 251 don sayen jirgin yaki na Chengdu F-7 15 daga China. Yarjejeniyar ta haɗa da nau'ikan mayakan F-7NI guda 12 (NI-Nigeria), da kuma jirgin sama mai horar da FT-7NI guda uku. Kunshin dala miliyan 251 ya haɗa da dala miliyan 220 don jirgin sama 15, tare da dala miliyan 32 don makamai: PL-9C AAM mai rai, zagaye na horo na PL-9, rokoki marasa jagora, da bama-bamai na 250 / 500 kg. Direbobin NAF na farko a kan jirgin sun horar da su a kasar Sin a shekara ta 2008, yayin da aka fara isar da jirgin a shekara ta 2009. Najeriya a baya ta yi la'akari da yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 160 don sake farfado da rundunonin MiG-21 ta Aerostar / Elbit Systems, IAI, da RSK MiG. Koyaya, an yi la'akari da mafi tsada don zaɓin samun F-7s waɗanda suke sabo. Har ila yau, Najeriya ta fara gyare-gyare na bambancin F7, gami da shigar da wasu kayan aikin yamma da kayan aikin jirgin sama kuma saboda haka sunanta na hukuma a matsayin "F7-Ni" don nuna cewa bambancinsa ya bambanta a wasu fannoni daga F-7 na kasar Sin. Tare da wannan saye, an yi ritaya daga rundunar MiG 21s. Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Najeriya a karkashin wannan izinin ta sami wasu jiragen sama na ATR Maritime Patrol, wanda EADS da Finmeccania / Alenia Aeronautica suka gina, suna haɓaka ikon sabis ɗin don aiwatar da manyan ayyukan leken asiri, sa ido da bincike (ISR) a ƙasa da nesa cikin teku. Daga watan Satumbar 2009, Najeriya ta fara sake fasalin wasu daga cikin jiragenta na C-130 wanda ya fara da NAF 917 wanda ya dawo da rai tare da goyon bayan Sojojin Sama na Amurka Afirka da 118th Airlift Wing. NAF daga baya ta kara inganta karfinta na cikin gida tare da karuwar damar yin amfani da jiragen sufuri da yawa. ===Shekarar 2010=== NAF ta tsara kuma ta gina UAV ta farko ta asali, "Gulma," wanda tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya bayyana a Kaduna, wanda ya ce "Gulm" zai zama da amfani a cikin hoton sama / taswirar, sadarwa, da kuma sa ido kan yanayi. A cewarsa, UAV yana da sauri ya zama muhimmiyar kayan aiki a cikin labarai, sa ido kan muhalli, da binciken mai da iskar gas. A ranar 24 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, sabon jami'in Air Command Command na NAF Mobility Command, Air Vice Marshal John Aprekuma, ya bayyana dalilin da ya sa aka kafa hedkwatar sabuwar rundunar Air Force Mobility Command a Yenagoa, Jihar Bayelsa a matsayin wani ɓangare na dabarun Gwamnatin Tarayya don kare sha'awar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a cikin Neja Delta, yana tabbatar da cewa kasancewar hedkwatar rundunar za ta kawo tsaro da kwanciyar hankali ga mutanen jihar. A ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2011, Sojojin Sama na Najeriya sun ba da umarnin matukin jirgi na farko, Blessing Liman, biyo bayan umarnin da tsohon shugaban kasar Goodluck Jonathan ya ba da izinin tashi ga mata 'yan Najeriya, musamman tunda mata sun daɗe suna tashi jirgin sama na farar hula a kasar amma ba su sami damar tashi a cikin soja ba.[1] A ranar 15 ga Oktoba 2019, NAF ta tashi da matukin jirgi na yaki na mata na farko, Flight Lieutenant Kafayat Sanni, da kuma matukin jirgidan jirgi na farko na yaki Lieutenant Tolulope Arotile. Sun kasance daga cikin wasu matukan jirgi goma sha uku kuma a wannan rana. ==Tsarin Hukumar== Sojojin Sama sun hada da hedkwatar sabis, manyan rassan ma'aikata 6, raka'a 4 na bayar da rahoto kai tsaye, da umarni 4 na aiki. Shugaban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama (CAS) shine babban ko mai ba da shawara ga Shugaban kasa da kuma Ministan Tsaro da Shugaban Ma'aikata na Tsaro, kan batutuwan tsaro na iska. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama ta Najeriya tana da alhakin kafa manufofi na dogon lokaci da na gajeren lokaci da kuma tsara manufofi, aiwatar da tsare-tsare da hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali. Har ila yau, HQ na Sojojin Sama na Najeriya yana hulɗa da Sojojin Najeriya da Sojoyin Ruwa na Najeriya kan manufofi da tsare-tsaren aiki na hadin gwiwa. Hedikwatar Sojojin Sama na Najeriya ta ƙunshi ofishin Babban Ma'aikatan Jirgin Sama da ma'aikata 8 ko rassa wato; Sashin Manufofin da Shirye-shiryen, Sashin Ayyuka, Sashin Injiniyan Jirgin Sama, Sashin Daidaitawa, Sashin Gudanarwa, Asusun da Sashin Kasafin Kudi, Sashin Bincike da Sashin Sakataren Jirgin Sama bi da bi. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan rassan yana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mataimakin Air Marshal a matsayin shugaban reshe. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 8c1wiv1c68aonufot03mtafdttipcs8 0 93304 915520 881220 2026-09-03T14:19:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amanda MacKinnon Palmer''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Afrilu, shekarar 1976) mawaƙiya ce ta Amurka, marubuciya, kuma mai zane-zane wanda shine jagorar mawaƙa, pianist, kuma mawaki na duo Dresden Dolls. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane-zane kuma ta kasance memba na duo Evelyn Evelyn da kuma jagorar mawaƙa da marubucin waƙoƙi na Amanda Palmer da Grand Theft Orchestra. Ta sami Magoya bayan addini kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu fasahar kiɗa na farko don yada amfani da shafukan yanar gizo na crowdfunding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2019 |title=The crowdfunded cult of Amanda Palmer |url=https://www.engadget.com/2019-12-13-amanda-palmer-patreon-kickstarter-social-media.html |access-date=July 6, 2022 |website=Engadget}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Amanda MacKinnon Palmer a asibitin Mount Sinai a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], kuma ta girma a Lexington, Massachusetts. Mahaifinta masanin kimiyyar lissafi ne kuma mahaifiyarta mai tsara shirye-shiryen kwamfuta ce.<ref name="Visionary?">{{Cite web |date=June 22, 2013 |title=Amanda Palmer: visionary or egotist? |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jun/22/amanda-palmer-visionary-egotist-interview |access-date=March 19, 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Iyayenta sun sake aure lokacin da take da shekara guda, kuma tun tana yarinya ba ta ga mahaifinta sosai ba. Palmer ta bayyana iyayenta a matsayin "tsakiyar aji". <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Most Important Thing I Learned In 2011, by Amanda Fucking Palmer |url=https://blog.amandapalmer.net/the-most-important-thing-i-learned-in-2011-by-amanda/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |publisher=AmandaPalmer.net}}</ref> Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Lexington, inda ta shiga sashen wasan kwaikwayo, [1] kuma daga baya ta halarci Jami'ar Wesleyan [2] [3] inda ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta kasance memba na Eclectic Society.[4] A cikin 1999, Palmer ta kafa Shadowbox Collective, ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo da aka sadaukar da ita ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo na titi da kuma yin wasan kwaikwayo (kamar wasan kwaikwayo na shekarar 2002, Otal Blanc, wanda ta ba da umarni).[5] Palmer ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Wesleyan tare da BA a shekarar 1998. Palmer ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana aiki a matsayin mutum-mutumi mai rai da ake kira Eight Foot Bride a Cambridge, Massachusetts; [[Edinburgh]]; [[Berlin]]; [[Melbourne]] (inda ta sadu da abokin aikinta na gaba Jason Webley); da sauran wurare da yawa. Tana nufin aikinta na kan titi a cikin waƙar Dresden Dolls "The Perfect Fit", da kuma a kan hanyar A don waƙar Accident "Glass Slipper".  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''. (June 2024)" == Ayyuka == === 2000-2007: Dresden Dolls da The Onion Cellar''Gidan Albasa'' === [[Fayil:Amanda_Palmer_-_Dresden_Dolls_(241481991).jpg|right|thumb|316x316px|Palmer yana aiki tare da Dresden Dolls a Kings Arms Tavern a [[Auckland]], New Zealand, Satumba 2006]] A wani biki na Halloween a shekara ta 2000, Palmer ya sadu da mai bugawa Brian Viglione kuma daga baya suka kafa Dresden Dolls . A kokarin fadada kwarewar wasan kwaikwayon da hulɗa, Palmer ya fara gayyatar daliban Makarantar Sakandare ta Lexington don yin wasan kwaikwayo a wasan kwaikwayo na Dresden Dolls. Wannan ya samo asali ne daga Dirty Business Brigade, ƙungiyar ƙwararrun masu fasaha, suna yin wasan kwaikwayo da yawa.[1] A shekarar 2002, bayan da suka bunkasa mabiya addini, ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin kundi na farko, The Dresden Dolls, tare da furodusa Martin Bisi . Sun samar da kundin kafin sanya hannu tare da lakabin Roadrunner Records . A shekara ta 2006, an buga The Dresden Dolls Companion tare da kalmomi, kiɗa da zane-zane na Amanda Palmer. A ciki ta rubuta tarihin kundin The ''Dresden Dolls'' da duo, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Littafin ya kuma ƙunshi kalmomin, kiɗa, da bayanin kula a kan kowane waƙa a cikin kundin, duk Palmer ne ya rubuta, da kuma DVD tare da hira ta minti 20 na Amanda game da yin littafin.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Palmer ta yi tunanin kiɗa / samar da The Onion Cellar, bisa ga wani ɗan gajeren labari daga The Tin Drum na Günter Grass . Daga ranar 9 ga Disamba shekarar 2006, har zuwa ranar 13 ga Janairu shekarar 2007 Dresden Dolls sun yi wasan tare da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka a gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Zero Arrow a Cambridge, Massachusetts. Duk da yake Palmer ya yi takaici a bayyane tare da jagorancin wasan kwaikwayon, magoya baya da sake dubawa masu mahimmanci sun kasance masu kyau sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 20, 2005 |title=The Onion Cellar |url=http://amrep.org/onion/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012113322/http://amrep.org/onion |archive-date=October 12, 2007 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=American Repertory Theatre}}</ref> A watan Yunin shekarar 2007, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Dresden Dolls, ta yi tafiya tare da True Colors Tour 2007, <ref>{{Cite web |title=True Colors Tour website |url=http://www.truecolorstour.com |access-date=September 16, 2012 |website=truecolorstour.com}}</ref> ciki har da ta fara fitowa a gidan rediyo na New York City, da kuma bita na farko a cikin The New York Times.<ref name="nyt20070620" /> Kodayake Dresden Dolls sun rabu a cikin 2008, Palmer da Viglione sun ci gaba da haɗin gwiwa, kuma sun sami ƙananan tarurruka da yawa a ƙarƙashin sunan ƙungiyar a cikin shekarar 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017, da 2018. A cikin shekarar 2022, Dresden Dolls sun sake haɗuwa, kuma sun fara aiki a kan sabon kundi. A cikin 2023, sun zagaya Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hatfield |first=Amanda |date=May 31, 2023 |title=The Dresden Dolls add NYC shows at Bowery Ballroom to 2023 tour |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/the-dresden-dolls-add-nyc-shows-at-bowery-ballroom-to-2023-tour/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531181700/https://www.brooklynvegan.com/the-dresden-dolls-add-nyc-shows-at-bowery-ballroom-to-2023-tour/ |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=Brooklyn Vegan}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 30, 2023 |title=Live review: The Dresden Dolls, New York City, Oct. 28, 2023 |url=https://magnetmagazine.com/2023/10/30/live-review-the-dresden-dolls-new-york-city-oct-28-2023/ |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=Magnet}}</ref> === 2007-2010: ''Wanda ya kashe Amanda Palmer'', ''Evelyn'' Evelyn, da aikin wasan kwaikwayo === A watan Yulin shekarar 2007, Palmer ya buga wasanni uku da aka sayar (a Boston, Hoboken, da NYC) a cikin sabon tsarin "tare da ƙungiyar". Kungiyar goyon bayanta ita ce ƙungiyar rock ta Boston Aberdeen City, wacce ita ma ta buɗe tare da Dixie Dirt . A watan Agustan shekarar 2007, Palmer ya yi tafiya don yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Spiegeltent da sauran wuraren a Edinburgh Festival Fringe a Scotland, kuma ya yi a BBC Two's The Edinburgh Show . Ta yi aiki tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Australiya Danger Ensemble; duka biyu sun sake bayyana a Spiegeltent a Melbourne da kuma wasu wuraren da ke kusa da Ostiraliya a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2007. [[Fayil:Evelyn_Evelyn_by_Kyle_Cassidy.jpg|right|thumb|Palmer (hagu) a matsayin memba na Evelyn Evelyn, tare da Jason Webley]] A watan Satumbar shekarar 2007, Palmer ya hada kai da Jason Webley don ƙaddamar da sabon aikin Evelyn Evelyn tare da EP Elephant Elephant . A cikin aikin, duo suna wasa tare da 'yan uwan tagwaye masu suna Eva da Lyn, kuma ta hanyar kiɗan su suna ba da labarin tarihin su. A watan Yulin shekarar 2008, Dresden Dolls sun fitar da littafi na biyu, Virginia Companion, wanda ya biyo bayan The Dresden Colls Companion.''Haka ne, Virginia...'' (2006) da ''A'a, Virginia...'' (2008) albums, wanda Sean Slade da Paul Kolderie suka samar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dresden Dolls - the Virginia Companion |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-dresden-dolls-the-virginia-companion-the-dresden-dolls/1013377747 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=Barnes & Noble}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2008, Palmer ta kafa aikinta na solo tare da wasanni biyu da aka karɓa tare da Boston Pops . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Rachel |date=June 20, 2008 |title=All Dolled up, Amanda Palmer and the Boston Pops, Symphony Hall, June 19, 2008 |url=http://thephoenix.com/Boston/Music/63574-All-Dolled-up |access-date=June 28, 2008 |website=The Boston Phoenix}}</ref> [[Fayil:AmandaPalmer_live.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Palmer a lokacin yawon shakatawa na 2008 ''Wanda ya kashe Amanda Palmer'']] An saki kundi na farko na solo, Who Killed Amanda Palmer, a ranar 16 ga Satumba, shekarar 2008. Ben Folds ya samar kuma ya buga a cikin kundin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2007 |title=Dresden Doll Preps Solo Debut |url=http://www.spin.com/features/news/2007/04/070425_apalmer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213030648/http://www.spin.com/features/news/2007/04/070425_apalmer |archive-date=December 13, 2007 |access-date=December 8, 2007 |website=spin.com music for life |publisher=spin.com |quote=The Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer chats with SPIN.com about her forthcoming solo effort.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Amanda |author-link=Amanda Palmer |date=April 1, 2007 |title=here to dispel. |url=http://www.theshadowbox.net/ddbb/viewtopic.php?p=356594&highlight=#356594 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915113008/http://www.theshadowbox.net/ddbb/viewtopic.php?p=356594&highlight=#356594 |archive-date=September 15, 2018 |access-date=December 8, 2007 |website=Speculation: Solo Album Title |publisher=The Dresden Dolls |quote=.. i am recording the solo album....in nashville, at ben folds' studio, with ben, who is producing the record and playing on it.}}</ref> Taken wasa ne akan wata magana da magoya baya suka yi amfani da ita a lokacin ''Twin Peaks'' na asali, "Wane ne ya kashe Laura Palmer?" An saki littafin abokantaka na hotuna na Palmer yana kallon kamar an kashe ta a watan Yulin 2009. An kira shi Who Killed Amanda Palmer a Collection of Photographic Evidence, ya ƙunshi hotunan Kyle Cassidy da labarun Neil Gaiman, da kuma kalmomin daga kundin.<ref>{{Cite book|last4=Kyle Cassidy}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2008, ta zagaya Turai tare da Jason Webley, Zoë Keating da The Danger Ensemble, suna yin waƙoƙi galibi daga kundi na farko. Ta yi mafi yawan shirye-shiryen tare da karyewar ƙafa da ta samu a Belfast, [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]] lokacin da mota ta gudu a kan ƙafafunta yayin da ta fita cikin titi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2008 |title=Amanda Palmer: broken foot explanation |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCrO0aanSZ8 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526124736/http://www.youtube.com/watch?gl=GB&v=OCrO0aanSZ8&hl=en-GB |archive-date=May 26, 2013 |access-date=November 7, 2008 |website=[[YouTube]] }}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2009, ta taka leda a bikin Coachella Valley Music and Arts . A shekara ta 2009, Palmer ta koma makarantar sakandaren Lexington a Massachusetts, don yin aiki tare da tsohon darakta da kuma mai ba da shawara Steven Bogart a kan wani bita don samar da bazara na sashen. Wasan, tare da Needle That Sings In Her Heart, an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta Neutral Milk Hotel album In the Aeroplane Over the Sea da The Diary of Anne Frank . NPR ta Avishay Artsy ta yi hira da simintin a kan All Things Considered . <ref name="urlNeutral Milk Hotel Album Transformed For Stage: NPR">{{Cite web |last=Artsy |first=Avishay |title=Neutral Milk Hotel Album Transformed For Stage: NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103939612 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119173724/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103939612 |archive-date=November 19, 2010 |access-date=December 27, 2010 |website=[[NPR]] |quote='I watch people proselytize this record all over the world, and it's like this secret brotherhood of awesome music that's never had any kind of big mainstream publicity,' Palmer says. 'It's just this sacred record that people connect through.'}}</ref> A shekara ta 2010, Palmer ya koma A.R.T. don watanni biyu na ''Cabaret'', yana fitowa a matsayin Emcee. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cabaret |url=http://www.americanrepertorytheater.org/node/4989 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226021126/http://americanrepertorytheater.org/node/4989 |archive-date=February 26, 2014 |access-date=August 26, 2014 |website=americanrepertorytheater.org |publisher=[[American Repertory Theatre]]}}</ref> A wannan shekarar Dresden Dolls sun sake haɗuwa don yawon shakatawa na Amurka wanda ya fara a Halloween a Birnin New York kuma ya ƙare a San Francisco a Sabuwar Shekara.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Amanda Palmer |author-link=Amanda Palmer |date=September 7, 2010 |title=THE DRESDEN DOLLS HALLOWEEN 10th ANNIVERSARY & FALL TOUR |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lpybi5sZBYk |access-date=September 7, 2010 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Maris, 2010, Palmer da Webley sun fitar da kundi na farko mai taken kansu a matsayin Evelyn Evelyn . Wannan ya kasance tare da yawon shakatawa na duniya da kuma littafin hoto wanda ya danganci labarin 'yan'uwa mata.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Jason Webley Events |url=http://www.jasonwebley.com/events.html |access-date=December 4, 2013 |publisher=Jasonwebley.com}}</ref> Palmer ta fara amfani da ukulele a lokacin kide-kide a matsayin mahaukaci, amma nan da nan ya zama wani ɓangare na yau da kullun na repertoire. Daga baya, ta yi rikodin cikakken kundi tare da haɗin ukulele: ''Amanda Palmer ta yi shahararrun Hits na Radiohead a kan Ukulele ta sihiri''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neil Gaiman-Amanda Palmer ninja gig |url=http://arts.heraldtribune.com/slideshow/neil-gaiman-amanda-palmer-ninja-gig/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323022724/http://arts.heraldtribune.com/slideshow/neil-gaiman-amanda-palmer-ninja-gig |archive-date=March 23, 2013 |access-date=April 5, 2013 |publisher=Herald Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Una Mullally |date=July 19, 2013 |title=Singer proves a hit with Dublin street show |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/singer-proves-a-hit-with-dublin-street-show-1.1468175 |access-date=August 12, 2013 |publisher=The Irish Times}}</ref> === 2012-2014: Gidan wasan kwaikwayo shine Mugun da Fasahar Tambaya''Kwarewar Yin Neman'' === A ranar 20 ga Afrilu shekarar 2012, Palmer ta sanar a shafinta na yanar gizo cewa ta ƙaddamar da sabon kundin pre-order a kan Kickstarter . Aikin Kickstarter ya sami goyon baya daga masu goyon baya 24,883 don jimlar $ 1,192,793 <ref name="kickstarter win">{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2012 |title=Amanda Palmer Raises $1.2 Million On Kickstarter, And The Crowd Goes Wild |url=http://www.techdirt.com/blog/casestudies/articles/20120601/01173819160/amanda-palmer-raises-12-million-kickstarter-crowd-goes-wild.shtml |access-date=June 2, 2012 |website=techdirt.com}}</ref> - a lokacin, mafi yawan kudade da aka taɓa tarawa don aikin kiɗa a kan Kickstarter. Wani rahoto da aka bayar da yawa kuma ya yi sharhi game da gardama ya fito ne daga yawon shakatawa mai alaƙa lokacin da Palmer ya yi amfani da shafin yanar gizo yana neman "masu sana'a" mawaƙa na gida (masu sha'awar da suka riga sun shirya halartar tsayawa daban-daban a kan yawon shakatawyar) don ba da gudummawa don kunna waƙoƙi biyu tare da ita da ƙungiyarta, Grand Theft Orchestra, yayin wasan kwaikwayon su na kai tsaye don "bayyanawa, nishaɗi, giya da runguma" maimakon kuɗi<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brockman |first=Daniel |date=March 7, 2013 |title=Amanda Palmer's TED Talk: Is Greed Good? Celebrity and "asking" in a crowded age |url=http://blog.thephoenix.com/BLOGS/onthedownload/archive/2013/03/07/amanda-palmer-s-ted-talk-is-greed-good-celebrity-and-quot-asking-quot-in-a-crowded-age.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317065934/http://blog.thephoenix.com/BLOGS/onthedownload/archive/2013/03/07/amanda-palmer-s-ted-talk-is-greed-good-celebrity-and-quot-asking-quot-in-a-crowded-age.aspx |archive-date=March 17, 2013 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=The Phoenix}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2012 |title=Amanda Palmer Starts Paying Musicians |url=http://pitchfork.com/news/47917-amanda-palmer-starts-paying-musicians/ |access-date=January 25, 2017 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> Bayan kuka daga kungiyoyin kiɗa daban-daban da masu sana'a, Palmer ta amsa a fili kuma ta canza manufofinta zuwa ɗaya daga cikin biyan kuɗi na mawaƙa na gida.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Mary Elizabeth |date=September 20, 2012 |title=Amanda Palmer still doesn't get it |url=http://www.salon.com/2012/09/20/amanda_palmer_still_doesnt_get_it/ |access-date=January 25, 2017 |website=Salon}}</ref> Kundin, Theatre Is Evil, an rubuta shi tare da Grand Theft Orchestra, wanda John Congleton ya samar, kuma aka saki a watan Satumbar shekarar 2012. A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 2012, Palmer ya fitar da bidiyon kiɗa na "Yi shi tare da Rockstar" a shafin yanar gizon Flaming Lips. Wayne Coyne, mawaƙin Flaming Lips ne ya kirkiro bidiyon kuma ya ba da umarni.<ref name="MYMN November 2012">{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2012 |title=Amanda Palmer's New Video for "Do it With a Rockstar" |url=http://nymn.com/amanda-palmers-new-video-for-do-it-with-a-rockstar-new-york-music-news |access-date=November 9, 2012 |publisher=newyorkmusicnews.com |archive-date=September 15, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915113004/http://nymn.com/amanda-palmers-new-video-for-do-it-with-a-rockstar-new-york-music-news/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An saki bidiyo na gaba don "The Killing Type" da "The Bed Song". A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, 2013, Palmer ta fara bugawa Lincoln Center.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nyctaper |date=August 11, 2013 |title=Amanda Palmer: August 9, 2013 Damrosch Park Lincoln Center |url=http://www.nyctaper.com/2013/08/amanda-palmer-august-9-2013-damrosch-park-lincoln-center-flacmp3streaming |access-date=August 12, 2013 |quote=On the final weekend of Lincoln Center’s "Out Of Doors" Summer concert series, Amanda Palmer and the Grand Theft Orchestra brought their "punk cabaret" for a free show in a public park ...}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2014, Palmer ta fitar da wani labari, The Art of Asking, wanda ya fadada a kan jawabin TED da ta bayar a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2013. Littafin ya sanya New York Times Best Seller list. Littafin ya kuma sami bita mai mahimmanci da yawa, musamman daga NPR.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Quinn |first=Annalisa |date=November 20, 2014 |title=There's More To Asking Than Just Art |url=https://www.npr.org/2014/11/20/363835448/theres-more-to-asking-than-just-art |access-date=July 15, 2019 |website=NPR}}</ref> === 2015-2018: Kuna da Ni Ina Raira waƙa, Zan iya Spin a Rainbow, da Patreon === A ranar 3 ga Maris shekarar, 2015, Amanda ta fara neman tallafin kudi a dandalin tallafin jama'a Patreon . Palmer ya yi magana a Bikin Hay na 2015 game da yiwuwar sulhunta fasaha da uwaye. An rubuta jawabin ne don jerin BBC Radio 4 Four Thought kuma an watsa shi a ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Four Thought – Amanda Palmer |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05y0ql3 |access-date=June 21, 2015 |website=[[BBC Radio 4]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, a cikin 2015, ta yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na 14th Annual Independent Music Awards . A cikin watanni na farko na shekara ta 2016, ta saki waƙar da Patreon ya tallafawa gaba ɗaya "Machete", da kuma [[David Bowie]] tribute EP, mai taken Strung Out In Heaven: A Bowie String Quartet Tribute . <ref name="star" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2016 |title=Drop everything: It's Amanda Palmer! – indieberlin |url=http://www.indieberlin.de/music/drop-everything-its-amanda-palmer.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610144533/http://www.indieberlin.de/music/drop-everything-its-amanda-palmer.html |archive-date=June 10, 2016 |access-date=May 17, 2016 |website=indieberlin |language=en-GB}}</ref> Palmer ta yi aiki tare da mahaifinta, Jack Palmer, don yin rikodin kundin da ake kira You Got Me Singing . Sun yi kide-kide a watan Yulin 2016 don tallafawa kundin. Amanda Palmer ta yi aiki tare da mai gabatar da kara na Legendary Pink Dots Edward Ka-Spel don yin rikodin kundi, I Can Spin a Rainbow . Duo din sun zagaya a watan Mayu da Yuni na shekara ta 2017 don tallafawa kundin, wanda tsohon dan wasan violin na Legendary Pink Dots Patrick Q. Wright ya goyi bayan. === 2019-yanzu: ''Ba za a sami Intermission ba'' podcast ba === A ranar 8 ga Maris shekarar, 2019, Palmer ta fitar da kundi na uku na solo kuma na farko a cikin shekaru bakwai, There Will Be No Intermission . An inganta kundin ta hanyar yawon shakatawa na duniya wanda aka yi fim don masu tallafawa a Patreon. A cikin kaka na 2020, Palmer ta ƙaddamar da kwasfan fayiloli mai suna The Art of Asking Everything . <ref name="nme.com">{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2020 |title=Amanda Palmer to launch new podcast 'The Art of Asking Everything' |url=https://www.nme.com/en_asia/news/music/amanda-palmer-to-launch-new-podcast-the-art-of-asking-everything-2759142 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Oktoba, 2020, Palmer da Viglione sun yi "Science Fiction / Double Feature" don buɗe Wisconsin Democrats Livestream fundraiser wanda ya sake haɗawa da wasu 'yan asalin Rocky Horror Picture Show don yin wasan kwaikwayon tare da ƙarin taurari da mawaƙa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Tim Curry to Appear During 'Rocky Horror' Halloween Event for Wisconsin Democrats {{!}} Hollywood Reporter |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/rambling-reporter/tim-curry-to-appear-during-rocky-horror-halloween-event-for-wisconsin-democrats |access-date=November 14, 2020 |website=www.hollywoodreporter.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == [[Fayil:Amanda_Palmer_-_Arena_Vienna_2011_a10_Neil_Gaiman.jpg|right|thumb|Amanda Palmer da Neil Gaiman (Vienna 2011) ]] Fiye da shekaru goma, Palmer ya zauna a cikin hadin gwiwar masu zane-zane masu zaman kansu mai suna Cloud Club a [[Boston]], Massachusetts . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cloud Club &#124; Longstanding underground artists community in Boston's South End |url=https://cloudclub.org/ |website=Cloudclub.org}}</ref> Palmer ta yi yoga da tunani. A shekara ta 2008, ta rubuta wata kasida mai taken "Melody vs. Meditation" don littafin [[Buddha]] ''Shambhala Sun'' (wanda yanzu ake kira 'Lion's Roar'), wanda ya bayyana gwagwarmaya tsakanin rubuce-rubuce da samun damar share hankali don yin tunani.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Amanda |date=May 2008 |title=Melody vs. Meditation – Lions Roar |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/melody-vs-meditation/ |access-date=January 9, 2023 |website=Lion's Roar |publisher=Lion's Roar Foundation}}</ref> Palmer ta ce tana da jima'i biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2006 |title=Interview: Dresden Dolls' Amanda Palmer |url=http://www.247gay.com/article.cfm?section=68&id=9942 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101235343/http://www.247gay.com/article.cfm?section=68&id=9942 |archive-date=January 1, 2008 |access-date=December 7, 2007 |website=247Gay.com |publisher=GayWired.com |quote=I figured out that I was bisexual when I was a teenager.}}</ref> tana gaya wa afterellen.com a 2007: "Ni bisexual ne, amma ba irin abin da na yi amfani da shi ba ne da yawa ina tunani game da shi. Ta yi magana game da dangantakarta ta bude, kuma ta yi sharhi game da batutuwan mata. <ref name="guardian1">{{Cite web |last=Vanessa Thorpe |date=July 27, 2013 |title=What now for Britain's new-wave feminists – after page 3 and £10 notes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/27/new-generation-of-feminists-set-agenda |access-date=July 28, 2013 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Palmer ta ce ta taɓa aiki a matsayin mai tsalle-tsalle a ƙarƙashin sunan Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kim Taylor Bennett |title=Seven things you didn't know about... Amanda Palmer |url=http://www.timeout.com/london/music/seven-things-you-didnt-know-about-amanda-palmer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110032812/http://www.timeout.com/london/music/seven-things-you-didnt-know-about-amanda-palmer |archive-date=November 10, 2013 |access-date=November 10, 2013 |website=Time Out London}}</ref> Ta rubuta waƙar "Berlin" game da wannan gogewa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2012 |title=Amanda Palmer Bares All |url=http://bust.com/music/8656-amanda-palmer-bares-all.html |access-date=November 10, 2013 |website=[[Bust (magazine)|Bust Magazine]] |archive-date=March 31, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331162543/http://bust.com/music/8656-amanda-palmer-bares-all.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Palmer ta zubar da ciki sau uku, kuma waƙarta "Voicemail for Jill" game da waɗannan abubuwan ne. Palmer, mai shekaru 33, da kuma marubucin Burtaniya Neil Gaiman, mai shekaru 49, sun tabbatar da alkawarinsu a shekara ta 2010. Ma'auratan sun yi aure a wani bikin sirri a watan Janairun shekara ta 2011. <ref name="Ology">{{Cite web |last=Zutter |first=Natalie |title=Amanda Palmer and Neil Gaiman Marry |url=http://www.ology.com/celebs-and-gossip/amanda-palmer-and-neil-gaiman-marry |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909065144/http://www.ology.com/celebs-and-gossip/amanda-palmer-and-neil-gaiman-marry |archive-date=September 9, 2012 |access-date=June 9, 2024 |website=Ology Magazine}}</ref> An yi bikin ne a cikin ɗakin marubutan Ayelet Waldman da Michael Chabon . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2011 |title=Neil Gaiman And Amanda Palmer's Wedding In TwitPics |url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/01/03/neil-gaiman-and-amanda-palmers-wedding-in-twitpics/ |access-date=June 30, 2013 |website=Bleedingcool.com}}</ref> Su biyun suna da aure a bayyane, kuma sun ƙarfafa juna su yi al'amuran, gami da magoya bayan aikinsu. Palmer da Gaiman suna da ɗa, an haife shi a shekara ta 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaiman |first=Neil |date=September 21, 2015 |title=Our Not-So-Humble Bundle. |url=http://journal.neilgaiman.com/2015/09/our-not-so-humble-bundle.html |access-date=May 5, 2020 |website=Journal.NeilGaiman.com}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, Palmer da Gaiman sun sanar a cikin wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa cewa za su sake aure.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2022 |title=A joint statement from Amanda and me |url=https://journal.neilgaiman.com/2022/11/a-joint-statement-from-amanda-and-me.html |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website=NeilGaiman.com / Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2022 |title=A joint statement from me and Neil |url=http://amandapalmer.net/posts/a-joint-statement-from-me-and-neil/ |access-date=November 12, 2022 |website=AmandaPalmer.net |archive-date=November 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107232958/https://amandapalmer.net/posts/a-joint-statement-from-me-and-neil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Batutuwan Shari'a == A watan Janairun shekarar 2025, wani labarin Vulture ya nuna Palmer a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a cikin zargin da Gaiman ya yi na jima'i da akalla mata biyu. Lokacin da daya, tsohon mai kula da yara, ya gabatar da rahoton 'yan sanda a New Zealand, ta ce wani jami'in ya gaya mata cewa hadin gwiwar Palmer yana da mahimmanci ga shari'ar; Palmer ta ki yin magana da' yan sanda. A watan Fabrairun 2025, an gurfanar da ita ne saboda zargin fataucin mutane, makirci don yin fataucin mutum, da sakaci wanda aka shigar da shi a matsayin shigar da jihohi da yawa saboda wahalar tantance ainihin yanayin zama na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patten |first=Dominic |date=2025-02-03 |title=Neil Gaiman Hit With Rape & Human Trafficking Suits After Months Of Allegations; Estranged Spouse Amanda Palmer Also Named In Multi-State Filings |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/neil-gaiman-rape-lawsuits-amanda-palmer-filings-1236277339/ |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Legaspi |first=Althea |date=2025-02-04 |title=Neil Gaiman Sued by Former Nanny Who Accused Him of Rape |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-news/neil-gaiman-amanda-palmer-sued-former-nanny-rape-accusation-1235255858/ |access-date=2025-02-04 |website=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> Palmer ta musanta zargin da aka yi mata. == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * 2012: Kyautar Artist & Manager - Kyautar Pioneer * 2012: Twitter Feed @amandapalmer a cikin ''Boston Phoenix''<nowiki/>'s Best 2012 * 2011: Actress a cikin samar da gida: Cabaret - Boston's Best, Improper Bostonian * 2010: Artist of the Year - Boston Music Awards * 2010: Cover na "Fake Plastic Trees" (Radiohead) mai suna 13th na mujallar Paste's 20 Best Cover Songs of 2010 * 2009: No. 100 a kan Bayan Ellen's Hot 100 na 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfterEllen.com Staff |date=May 11, 2009 |title=The 2009 AfterEllen.com Hot 100 |url=http://www.afterellen.com/people/2009/hot100?page=0%2C19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514055951/http://www.afterellen.com/people/2009/hot100?page=0%2C19 |archive-date=May 14, 2009 |access-date=May 23, 2009 |website=AfterEllen.com}}</ref> * 2008: No. 6 a cikin jerin masu zane-zane mafi kyau a cikin ''[[The Guardian]]''<nowiki/>'s Readers' Poll na 2008. * 2007: No. 6 a kan Spinner.com ta "Women Who Rock Right Now".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spinner Staff |last2=photo by Sarah Komar, WireImage |date=July 15, 2007 |title=Women Who Rock Right Now: No. 6 |url=http://www.spinner.com/2007/07/15/women-who-rock-right-now-no-6/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508092128/http://www.spinner.com/2007/07/15/women-who-rock-right-now-no-6/ |archive-date=May 8, 2013 |access-date=December 8, 2007 |publisher=spinner.com |quote=Who: Amanda Palmer Birthplace: Lexington, Mass. Sound: Cabaret punk Palmer – one-half of Boston's Brechtian punk cabaret duo the Dresden Dolls – ain't no damsel in distress. The former street artist chokeholds her demons, teetering between sinister screeches and whimsical whispers of alcohol, self-mutilation and sexual exploration, while discordantly pummeling the piano – stocking-clad legs akimbo – in a sultry, sinful self-deprecation exorcism.}}</ref> * 2006: The Boston Globe ya kira ta mace mafi kyau a Boston. * 2006: An lissafa su a cikin mujallar Blender a cikin mata mafi zafi na dutse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Errico |date=December 2006 |title=Hottest Women of...Rock! |url=http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2295&src=blender_ed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210001725/http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?id=2295 |archive-date=February 10, 2007 |access-date=December 8, 2007 |website=Blender.com |quote=Amanda Palmer – The pianist and singer of Brechtian Boston duo Dresden Dolls mashes up punk rock and cabaret, sings about transsexuals and explores the elaborate deceptions that alcoholics commit daily.}}</ref> * 2005: Mafi kyawun Mata a cikin WFNX / ''Boston Phoenix'' Mafi kyawun Kiɗa Poll . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Half Jack |title=Amanda Palmer |url=http://bestuff.com/stuff/amanda-palmer |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105151038/http://bestuff.com/stuff/amanda-palmer |archive-date=January 5, 2008 |access-date=December 8, 2007 |publisher=bestuff.com |quote=In the 2005 WFNX /Boston Phoenix Best Music Poll, Palmer won Best Female Vocalist.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Dresden Dolls |url=http://www.thoughtworthy.com/product.cgim?cookie_refresh=1&partner=twm&tab=ABOUT%20THE%20ARTIST&product_id=1383 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001037/http://www.thoughtworthy.com/product.cgim?cookie_refresh=1&partner=twm&tab=ABOUT%20THE%20ARTIST&product_id=1383 |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |access-date=December 7, 2007 |publisher=ThoughtWorthy Media, Inc. |quote=In the 2005 WFNX/Boston Phoenix Best Music Poll The Dresden Dolls won Best Local Act and Best Local Album. Amanda Palmer also won Best Female Vocalist.}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kayan studio guda ɗaya === * ''Wanda ya kashe Amanda Palmer'' (2008) * Gidan wasan kwaikwayo shine Mugun (2012) <small> (tare da The Grand Theft Orchestra) </small> * ''Ba za a sami Intermission ba'' (2019) === Kayan studio na hadin gwiwa === * Kuna da Ni Ina Raira waƙa (2016) <small> (tare da Jack Palmer) </small> * ''Zan Iya Juyawa da bakan gizo'' (2017) <small> (tare da Edward Ka-Spel) </small> * Degrees arba'in da biyar - Bushfire Charity Flash Record (2020) (tare da masu fasaha daban-daban) <small> (tare da masu zane-zane daban-daban) </small> === Sauran kundin === * ''Amanda Palmer ta yi shahararrun Hits na Radiohead a kan Ukulele ta sihiri'' (2010) * ''Amanda Palmer ta sauka a karkashin'' (2011) * Wani maraice <small> (tare da Neil Gaiman) </small> & Amanda Palmer (2013) (tare da Neil Gaman) * ''Piano Yana da Mugunta'' (2016) == Tafiya == * ''Yawon shakatawa na Gaskiya'' (2007) * Wanda ya kashe Amanda Palmer Tour (2008-2009) * Amanda Palmer: Rayuwa a Ostiraliya (2010) * Evelyn Tour (2010) <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2013 |title=Jason Webley Events |url=http://www.jasonwebley.com/events.html |access-date=December 4, 2013 |publisher=Jasonwebley.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://www.jasonwebley.com/events.html "Jason Webley Events"]. Jasonwebley.com. July 9, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> * Dresden Dolls 10th Anniversary Tour (2010-2011) <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Amanda Palmer |author-link=Amanda Palmer |date=September 7, 2010 |title=THE DRESDEN DOLLS HALLOWEEN 10th ANNIVERSARY & FALL TOUR |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lpybi5sZBYk |access-date=September 7, 2010 |website=[[YouTube]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAmanda_Palmer2010">[[Amanda Palmer]] (September 7, 2010). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lpybi5sZBYk "THE DRESDEN DOLLS HALLOWEEN 10th ANNIVERSARY & FALL TOUR"]. ''[[YouTube]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> * Amanda Palmer & The Grand Theft Orchestra: gidan wasan kwaikwayo shine Mugun yawon shakatawa (2012) * Wani maraice tare da Neil Gaiman & Amanda Palmer (2013) * Waƙoƙin David Byrne & The Talking Heads (2014-2015) <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2015 |title=Shows The official website of Amanda Fucking Palmer. Yes it is – Amanda Palmer |url=https://amandapalmer.net/shows/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303215143/https://amandapalmer.net/shows/ |archive-date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref> * Wani maraice tare da Amanda Fucking Palmer (2015) <ref name="auto" /> * The Art of Asking Book Tour (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2015 |title=Shows The official website of Amanda Fucking Palmer. Yes it is – Amanda Palmer |url=https://amandapalmer.net/shows/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150506013815/https://amandapalmer.net/shows/ |archive-date=May 6, 2015 |access-date=September 17, 2020}}</ref> * Kuna da Ni Tafiya ta Waƙoƙi (tare da Jack Palmer) (2016) * Zan iya juyawa da yawon shakatawa na Rainbow (tare da Edward Ka-Spel) (2017) * Dresden Dolls Reunion Tour (2017-2018) * Ba za a sami yawon shakatawa na duniya ba (2019-2020) * Wani maraice tare da Amanda Palmer: Yawon shakatawa na New Zealand (2020) == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Bayani |- |2012 |''Kayan tarihi'' |wanda aka yi hira da shi |- |2014 |''Haikali na Fasaha'' |hadin gwiwar samarwa |- |2014 |''Lennon ko McCartney'' |Gajeren fim; shirin hira |- |2019 |''Farin Ciki!'' |Shugaba na Blue Feather (1 episode) |} == Podcasts == A cikin kaka na 2020, Palmer ta sanar da cewa za ta saki wani kwasfan fayiloli mai suna The Art of Asking Everything . <ref name="nme.com">{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2020 |title=Amanda Palmer to launch new podcast 'The Art of Asking Everything' |url=https://www.nme.com/en_asia/news/music/amanda-palmer-to-launch-new-podcast-the-art-of-asking-everything-2759142 |website=[[NME]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.nme.com/en_asia/news/music/amanda-palmer-to-launch-new-podcast-the-art-of-asking-everything-2759142 "Amanda Palmer to launch new podcast 'The Art of Asking Everything'"]. ''[[NME]]''. September 22, 2020.</cite></ref> === Sauran === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Abubuwan da suka faru |- |Mayu 22, 2018 |''Ƙauna da Ƙarfin Kai'' |"Amanda Palmer" |- |Afrilu 11, 2016 |''Abubuwan da suka shafi zane'' |"Amanda Palmer" |- |Yuni 14, 2018 |''Róisín ya haɗu'' |"Amanda Palmer" |- |Janairu 27, 2019 |''Tattaunawa da Mutanen da suka ƙi Ni'' |"Ina ƙin Amanda Palmer" |- |Afrilu 17, 2019 |''Hoton Tim Ferriss'' |"Amanda Palmer a kan Creativity, Pain, da Art" |- |Afrilu 2019 |''Mawallafin Waƙoƙi Mai Aiki'' |"Amanda Palmer" |- |23 ga Yuli, 2019 |''Gidan Rayuwa na KEXP'' |"Amanda Palmer" |- |Nuwamba 15, 2019 |''A kan Kowane Mutum tare da Conner Habib'' |"AEWCH 90: Amanda Palmer ko Mu Duk Da Kuma A Nan Don Sa'an" |- |Janairu 17, 2020 |''<nowiki/>'Creative Rebels' tare da Adam Brazier & David Speed'' |"Art of Asking tare da Amanda Palmer" |- |} == Bayanan littattafai == Wasu daga cikin littattafan da Amanda Palmer ta rubuta gaba ɗaya, ko kuma tare: * {{Cite book|last3=Amanda Palmer}} *   * {{Cite book|last4=Kyle Cassidy}} * {{Cite book|last3=Amanda Palmer}} * {{Cite book|last4=Jason Webley}} * {{Cite book|last3=Amanda Palmer}} Palmer kuma yana da babi da ke ba da shawara a cikin littafin Tim Ferriss na Tools of Titans .   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN<span typeof="mw:Entity">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>missing<nowiki></span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin masu magana da TED == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.amandapalmer.net}} * Amanda Palmerfaifai aMusicBrainz * Amanda Palmerfaifai aDiscogs * Amanda PalmeraTED {{The Dresden Dolls}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bfp35cleyxmtaff6xvr9s9fkpy1odtv 0 93925 915909 674819 2026-09-03T23:26:29Z Baban Asiya 15906 915909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labaran da aka yi amfani da su shi ne reshe na '''[[Al'ada|al'adu]] gargajiya''' da ke da al'ada da nazarin da amfani da al'adu da kayan al'adu na gargajiya don magance ko warware matsalolin zamantakewa na ainihi. An kirkiro kalmar ne a cikin 1939 a cikin wani jawabi daga masanin gargajiya Benjamin A. Botkin wanda, tare da Alan Lomax, ya zama babban mai goyon bayan wannan tsarin a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa.<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53637229.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17536266852189&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-53637229</ref> Labaran da aka yi amfani da su suna da kama da ma'anarsu da kuma tsarin da ake amfani da su ga ilimin ɗan adam da sauran kimiyyar zamantakewa, kuma kamar waɗannan hanyoyin da aka yi a aikace sau da yawa suna rarrabe kansa daga bincike "mai tsabta", wanda ba shi da manufa ta warware matsalar. Ci gaban Botkin na wannan hanyar ya fito ne daga aikinsa na tattara ta hanyar Shirin Marubutan Tarayya na Labaran baki na tsoffin [[Bauta|bayi]], lokacin da yake aiki ga [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]]. Ya ga yaduwar waɗannan kayan kamar yadda yake da damar inganta Dangantakar launin fata a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da kuma yaki da nuna bambanci. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar kawar da ita ta yi amfani da labaran baki na bayi da suka tsere, kamar waɗanda William Still ya tattara a cikin Tarihin Jirgin ƙasa na karkashin kasa, don samun goyon baya ga manufar su. Ayyukan Botkin, Lay My Burden Down (1945) shine littafi na farko na Amurka don bi da shaidu baki a matsayin shaida tarihi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=G. B. |date=1946-05-01 |title=Lay My Burden Down. A Folk History of Slavery. Edited by B. A. Botkin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945. 286 pp. $3.50. Illustrated |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2572237 |journal=Social Forces |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=478–478 |doi=10.2307/2572237 |issn=0037-7732}}</ref> kuma ya kasance wasu shekaru talatin kafin wannan ya zama abin karɓa. Botkin ya kuma yi aiki tare da mai fafutukar Quaker Rachel Davis DuBois don haɓaka shirye-shiryen jama'a don inganta launin fata da dangantakar [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]] ta hanyar haɗa al'adun al'adu da kayan aiki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a unguwa, kamar bukukuwan da jam'iyyun toshewa. Mai zaman kansa daga wannan, Myles Horton, Zilphia Horton, Guy Carawan, Candie Carawan, da sauransu a makarantar Highlander Folk School a [[Tennessee]] sun haɗa da Waƙoƙin gargajiya da rawa na gargajiya a cikin horar da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, kamar [[Rosa Parks]] da John Lewis.Botkin bai kasance ba kawai masanin ilimin gargajiya ba; an bayyana shi a matsayin masanin da ya ki amincewa da ƙuntatawa na alhakin ilimi. Ya rungumi manyan tushe daga ayyukan ilimi zuwa al'adun yau da kullun. Rashin amincewarsa da iyakance al'adun gargajiya ga tsarin da aka yarda da shi na al'ada ya taimaka wajen tsara tsarin al'adun da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar nuna muhimmancin al'adun al'ada wajen kama ran al'umma. A cikin shekarun 1960s, wasu masanan gargajiya na Amurka sun fara amfani da ilimin da aka samu daga tushen gargajiya don magance batutuwan zamantakewa, musamman ta hanyar yin amfani da magani gargajiya a cikin koyarwa da aiki na cikakkiyar hanyar al'adu da al'adu ga magani da lafiyar jama'a. Masu ilimi gargajiya sun fara aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara a cikin Tsarin birni, ilimin tsofaffi, Ci gaban tattalin arziki, ilimin al'adu da yawa, kiyayewa, da sauran fannoni. David Hufford, masanin gargajiya na Amurka, aiki a kan al'umma da madadin magani ya nuna yadda fahimtar waɗannan al'adun zasu iya inganta aikin likita, musamman ta hanyar amincewa da yanayin al'adu wanda marasa lafiya ke rayuwa. Binciken da ya yi ya jaddada cewa ayyukan maganin gargajiya na iya ƙunsar magunguna masu inganci waɗanda ba a fahimta da magunguna na al'ada ba. Lynwood Montell, sanannen masanin al'adun gargajiya, ya nuna mahimman wurare da yawa inda masu ilimin al'adun suka yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu a cikin labarinsa Academics and Applied Folklore: Partners for the Future . Masu ilimin gargajiya sun ba da gudummawa ga kokarin adana tarihi kuma sun taimaka wajen kare wuraren gine-gine da abubuwan al'adu kamar al'adu da shimfidar wurare. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen zane-zane, gidajen tarihi, da saitunan tarihin rayuwa don wadatar da fassarorin al'adu da inganta zurfin fahimtar tarihin yankin. Har ila yau, masu fafutuka sun shiga cikin adana yankunan karkara, suna ba da gudummawa ga adana gonaki da sauran yankunan karamar hukuma yayin la'akari da tasirin sabuntawa a waɗannan yankuna. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Tushe == * Botkin, BA, Ka ajiye nauyin da nake da shi. Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1945. * [Hasiya], ''Yin amfani da Al'adun gargajiya''. Lexington: Jami'ar Kentucky Press, 1994. * Goldstein, Diane, Da zarar A kan kwayar cuta: Labaran cutar kanjamau da fahimtar haɗarin gargajiya. Logan: Jami'ar Jihar Utah Press: 2004. * Hufford, David, ''Nazarin Labarai da aka yi amfani da su ga Lafiya''. Jaridar Binciken Labarai ta 35, No. 3, 295-313, 1998. * Montell, Lynwood, Ilimi da Al'adun gargajiya: Abokan hulɗa don nan gaba. Core,ac,uk. * Jackson, Bruce, ''Benjamin A. Botkin (1901-1975).'' The Journal of American Folklore 89, No. 351, 1976. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] df6oif2nib8sm9u86c2gkp72ftk8lfa 915910 915909 2026-09-03T23:30:29Z Baban Asiya 15906 915910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Labaran da aka yi amfani da su shi ne reshe na '''[[Al'ada|al'adu]] gargajiya''' da ke da al'ada da nazarin da amfani da al'adu da kayan al'adu na gargajiya don magance ko warware matsalolin zamantakewa na ainihi. An kirkiro kalmar ne a cikin 1939 a cikin wani jawabi daga masanin gargajiya Benjamin A. Botkin wanda, tare da Alan Lomax, ya zama babban mai goyon bayan wannan tsarin a cikin shekaru talatin masu zuwa.<ref>https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53637229.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17536266852189&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fhausa%2Flabarai-53637229</ref> Labaran da aka yi amfani da su suna da kama da ma'anarsu da kuma tsarin da ake amfani da su ga ilimin ɗan adam da sauran kimiyyar zamantakewa, kuma kamar waɗannan hanyoyin da aka yi a aikace sau da yawa suna rarrabe kansa daga bincike "mai tsabta", wanda ba shi da manufa ta warware matsalar. Cigaban Botkin na wannan hanyar ya fito ne daga aikinsa na tattara ta hanyar Shirin Marubutan Tarayya na Labaran baki na tsoffin [[Bauta|bayi]], lokacin da yake aiki ga [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]]. Ya ga yaduwar waɗannan kayan kamar yadda yake da damar inganta Dangantakar launin fata a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da kuma yaki da nuna bambanci. Har ila yau, ƙungiyar kawar da ita ta yi amfani da labaran baki na bayi da suka tsere, kamar waɗanda William Still ya tattara a cikin Tarihin Jirgin ƙasa na karkashin kasa, don samun goyon baya ga manufar su. Ayyukan Botkin, Lay My Burden Down (1945) shine littafi na farko na Amurka don bi da shaidu baki a matsayin shaida tarihi, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=G. B. |date=1946-05-01 |title=Lay My Burden Down. A Folk History of Slavery. Edited by B. A. Botkin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945. 286 pp. $3.50. Illustrated |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2572237 |journal=Social Forces |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=478–478 |doi=10.2307/2572237 |issn=0037-7732}}</ref> kuma ya kasance wasu shekaru talatin kafin wannan ya zama abin karɓa. Botkin ya kuma yi aiki tare da mai fafutukar Quaker Rachel Davis DuBois don haɓaka shirye-shiryen jama'a don inganta launin fata da dangantakar [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]] ta hanyar haɗa al'adun al'adu da kayan aiki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a unguwa, kamar bukukuwan da jam'iyyun toshewa. Mai zaman kansa daga wannan, Myles Horton, Zilphia Horton, Guy Carawan, Candie Carawan, da sauransu a makarantar Highlander Folk School a [[Tennessee]] sun haɗa da Waƙoƙin gargajiya da rawa na gargajiya a cikin horar da masu fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama, kamar [[Rosa Parks]] da John Lewis.Botkin bai kasance ba kawai masanin ilimin gargajiya ba; an bayyana shi a matsayin masanin da ya ki amincewa da ƙuntatawa na alhakin ilimi. Ya rungumi manyan tushe daga ayyukan ilimi zuwa al'adun yau da kullun. Rashin amincewarsa da iyakance al'adun gargajiya ga tsarin da aka yarda da shi na al'ada ya taimaka wajen tsara tsarin al'adun da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar nuna muhimmancin al'adun al'ada wajen kama ran al'umma. A cikin shekarun 1960s, wasu masanan gargajiya na Amurka sun fara amfani da ilimin da aka samu daga tushen gargajiya don magance batutuwan zamantakewa, musamman ta hanyar yin amfani da magani gargajiya a cikin koyarwa da aiki na cikakkiyar hanyar al'adu da al'adu ga magani da lafiyar jama'a. Masu ilimi gargajiya sun fara aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara a cikin Tsarin birni, ilimin tsofaffi, Ci gaban tattalin arziki, ilimin al'adu da yawa, kiyayewa, da sauran fannoni. David Hufford, masanin gargajiya na Amurka, aiki a kan al'umma da madadin magani ya nuna yadda fahimtar waɗannan al'adun zasu iya inganta aikin likita, musamman ta hanyar amincewa da yanayin al'adu wanda marasa lafiya ke rayuwa. Binciken da ya yi ya jaddada cewa ayyukan maganin gargajiya na iya ƙunsar magunguna masu inganci waɗanda ba a fahimta da magunguna na al'ada ba. Lynwood Montell, sanannen masanin al'adun gargajiya, ya nuna mahimman wurare da yawa inda masu ilimin al'adun suka yi amfani da ƙwarewarsu a cikin labarinsa Academics and Applied Folklore: Partners for the Future . Masu ilimin gargajiya sun ba da gudummawa ga kokarin adana tarihi kuma sun taimaka wajen kare wuraren gine-gine da abubuwan al'adu kamar al'adu da shimfidar wurare. Bugu da ƙari, sun yi aiki a cikin shirye-shiryen zane-zane, gidajen tarihi, da saitunan tarihin rayuwa don wadatar da fassarorin al'adu da inganta zurfin fahimtar tarihin yankin. Har ila yau, masu fafutuka sun shiga cikin adana yankunan karkara, suna ba da gudummawa ga adana gonaki da sauran yankunan karamar hukuma yayin la'akari da tasirin sabuntawa a waɗannan yankuna. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Tushe == * Botkin, BA, Ka ajiye nauyin da nake da shi. Chicago: Jami'ar Chicago Press, 1945. * [Hasiya], ''Yin amfani da Al'adun gargajiya''. Lexington: Jami'ar Kentucky Press, 1994. * Goldstein, Diane, Da zarar A kan kwayar cuta: Labaran cutar kanjamau da fahimtar haɗarin gargajiya. Logan: Jami'ar Jihar Utah Press: 2004. * Hufford, David, ''Nazarin Labarai da aka yi amfani da su ga Lafiya''. Jaridar Binciken Labarai ta 35, No. 3, 295-313, 1998. * Montell, Lynwood, Ilimi da Al'adun gargajiya: Abokan hulɗa don nan gaba. Core,ac,uk. * Jackson, Bruce, ''Benjamin A. Botkin (1901-1975).'' The Journal of American Folklore 89, No. 351, 1976. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qt7hh1thzhq3m4sbtlar46jxrnxbuud 0 94322 915538 618351 2026-09-03T14:42:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Amber Leibrock''' (an haife ta a watan Fabrairu 8, 1988) yar wasan Ba'amurkiya ce gaurayawan mawaƙin yaƙi wanda ke gasa a sashin Featherweight . A baya ta yi takara a Bellator MMA da Professional Fighters League . (PFL) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive interview with Invicta Fighting Championships star Amber Leibrock |url=https://www.axs.com/news/exclusive-interview-with-invicta-fighting-championships-star-amber-lei-37320 |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Invicta FC 15's Amber Leibrock: A Tale of Redemption |url=http://combatpress.com/2016/01/invicta-fc-15s-amber-leibrock-a-tale-of-redemption/ |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> == Mixed Martial Arts sana'a == Leibrock ya sami shiga cikin Invicta FC ta hanyar doke Paola Ramirez a Tuff-N-Uff: Xtreme Couture vs Syndicate MMA amateur gasar don cin nasarar kwangila tare da kungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2016 |title=Amber Leibrock Making Most of Her Pro Move Heading into Invicta FC 15 - MMAWeekly.com |url=http://www.mmaweekly.com/amber-leibrock-making-most-of-her-pro-move-heading-into-invicta-fc-15 |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 January 2015 |title=Invicta Contract a Dream Come True for Tournament Winner Amber Leibrock - Invicta Fighting Championships |url=http://www.invictafc.com/2015/01/21/invicta-contract-a-dream-come-true-for-tournament-winner-amber-leibrock/ |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher= |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210004/http://www.invictafc.com/2015/01/21/invicta-contract-a-dream-come-true-for-tournament-winner-amber-leibrock/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Invicta FC === Leibrock ta fara wasanta na farko ta hanyar fidda Marina Shafir da kyar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newswire |first=MMA Fighting |date=10 July 2015 |title=Watch: Shafir KO'd by Amber Leibrock in 37 seconds |url=http://www.mmafighting.com/2015/7/10/8926759/marina-shafir-knocked-out-by-amber-leibrock-in-37-seconds-at-invicta |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Holland |first=Jesse |date=10 July 2015 |title=Video: 'Four Horsewoman' Turned To Glue At Invicta |url=http://www.mmamania.com/2015/7/10/8927905/video-amber-leibrock-destroys-marina-shafir-with-first-round-tko-invicta-13-mma |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> Abokin hamayyar Leibrock na gaba shine Megan Anderson wanda ta yi rashin nasara a Invicta FC 15: Cyborg vs. Ibragimova, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2016 |title=Watch: Megan Anderson and Amber Leibrock have a good 30 second stare down at Invicta weigh-ins - MiddleEasy.com |url=http://middleeasy.com/mma-news/watch-megan-anderson-and-amber-leibrock-have-a-good-30-second-stare-down-at-invicta-weigh-ins/ |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2016 |title=Megan Anderson defeats Amber Leibrock at Invicta FC 15 |url=http://www.fightnewsaustralia.com/megan-anderson-defeats-amber-leibrock-at-invicta-fc-15/ |access-date=14 November 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> kafin ta dawo da nasara da Amy Coleman a Invicta FC 19: Maia vs. Modafferi . === Bellator MMA === Leibrock ta fara fafatawarta na talla da Janay Harding a Bellator 199 akan Mayu 12, 2018. Ta yi nasara a fafatawar ta hanyar yanke shawara gaba ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tucker |first=Bryan |date=2018-05-12 |title=Bellator 199 Results: Bader vs. King Mo |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2018/5/12/17346106/bellator-199-results-bader-vs-king-mo |access-date=2021-05-11 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> Leibrock ya fuskanci Arlene Blencowe a kan Satumba 29, 2018, a Bellator a Bellator 206 . [1] Ta yi rashin nasara a fafatawar ta hanyar bugun fasaha a zagaye na uku. Leibrock ya fuskanci Amanda Bell a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 2019, a Bellator 215, ya yi rashin nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na farko. Leibrock ya fuskanci Jessica Borga a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2019, a Bellator 226, ya yi rashin nasara ta hanyar mika wuya a zagaye na farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherdog.com |title=Bellator 226 Highlight Video: Jessica Borga Taps Amber Leibrock |url=https://www.sherdog.com/videos/highlightreels/Bellator-226-Highlight-Video-Jessica-Borga-Taps-Amber-Leibrock-14307 |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Sherdog |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙwararrun Fighters League === Bayan lashe duk uku na ta fada bayan ta Bellator saki, culminating za a farko zagaye raya-tsirara shake a Invicta FC 48, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tatum |first=Rob |date=2022-07-21 |title=Invicta FC 48: Tennant vs. Rubin Official Results and Recap |url=https://invictafc.com/2022/07/20/invicta-fc-48-results-tennant-edges-rubin-to-retain-title-bernardo-submits-gadelha/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Invicta Fighting Championships |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226152832/https://invictafc.com/2022/07/20/invicta-fc-48-results-tennant-edges-rubin-to-retain-title-bernardo-submits-gadelha/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Leibrock sanya hannu tare da PFL, fara kashe 2023 kakar da Martina Jindrová a kan Afrilu 7, 2023, a PFL 2 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dwornik |first=Ardi |date=2023-02-27 |title=Professional Fighters League Announces Full Card For PFL 2: Heavyweights And Women's Featherweights |url=https://espnpressroom.com/us/press-releases/2023/02/professional-fighters-league-announces-full-card-for-pfl-2-heavyweights-and-womens-featherweights/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=ESPN Press Room U.S. |language=en-US}}</ref> Leibrock ya yi nasara a fafatawar ta bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a zagayen farko bayan da ya zura kwallo a raga sannan ya kammala Martina da kasa da fam. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jay |date=2023-04-07 |title=Bellator, Invicta FC Vet Amber Leibrock Drops Opponent With Head Kick at PFL 2 |url=https://cagesidepress.com/2023/04/07/bellator-invicta-fc-vet-amber-leibrock-drops-opponent-head-kick-pfl-2/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Cageside Press |language=en-US}}</ref> Leibrock ya fuskanci Larissa Pacheco a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 2023, a PFL 5 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Alexander K. |date=2023-05-12 |title=PFL announces second-half event lineups following 9 fighters receiving drug test suspensions |url=https://www.mmafighting.com/2023/5/12/23721590/pfl-announces-second-half-event-lineups-following-9-fighters-receiving-drug-test-suspensions |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=MMA Fighting |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi rashin nasara ta hanyar TKO a zagayen farko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-17 |title=2023 PFL 5 results: Larissa Pacheco steamrolls, victorious Ante Delija eliminated from playoffs |url=https://mmajunkie.usatoday.com/lists/2023-pfl-5-live-and-official-results-ante-delija-vs-maurice-greene |access-date=2023-06-17 |publisher=mmajunkie.usatoday.com}}</ref> A cikin wasan kusa da na karshe, Leibrock ya fuskanci Marina Mokhnatkina a ranar 18 ga Agusta, 2023, a PFL 8 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-12 |title=Ferreira-Greene leads pair of PFL cards in N.Y. |url=https://www.espn.com/mma/story/_/id/37998206/pfl-sets-final-two-playoff-dates-matchups-held-ny |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi rashin nasara ne ta hanyar mika wuya a zagayen farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mazique |first=Brian |title=PFL Playoffs NYC 2023 Results: Marina Mokhnatkina Makes Quick Work Of Amber Leibrock |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianmazique/2023/08/18/pfl-playoffs-nyc-2023-results-marina-mokhnatkina-makes-quick-work-of-amber-leibrock/ |access-date=2023-09-14 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2023, Leibrock ta sanar a shafinta na Instagram cewa ta musulunta . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/CxPVFxvujSJ/?ig_rid=40564344-a235-4535-a480-bd51a8461c1d |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gazette |first=The Hindustan |date=2023-10-02 |title=Famous American MMA Fighter Amber Leibrock Embraces Islam |url=https://thehindustangazette.com/latest-news/famous-american-mma-fighter-amber-leibrock-embraces-islam-19254 |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=The Hindustan Gazette |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Trends |title=Video: Renowned MMA fighter Amber Leibrock converts to Islam |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/sports/video-renowned-mma-fighter-amber-leibrock-converts-to-islam |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}</ref> An ba da rahoton cewa tana tunanin komawa ga bangaskiya, bayan yakinta da Larissa Pacheco. A cewar wani rahoto, Leibrock ta ɗauki [[Shahada]] (bayanin bangaskiya) a Cibiyar Community Community, East Bay, [[California]], Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=American Muslim |date=2023-10-04 |title=Renowned MMA Fighter Embraces Islam |url=https://medium.com/@americanmuslimtoday/renowned-mma-fighter-embraces-islam-bb65d3a1626b |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=Medium |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=MM News Staff |date=2023-10-02 |title=American MMA fighter Amber Leibrock embraces Islam |url=https://mmnews.tv/american-mma-fighter-amber-leibrock-embraces-islam/ |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=MM News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mixed Martial Art Records == {{MMArecordbox|draws=|nc=0|ko-wins=5|ko-losses=4|sub-wins=1|sub-losses=2|dec-wins=1|dec-losses=0|dq-wins=|dq-losses=|other-wins=|other-losses=}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]] s16299utb0arirfog5d6knvd8jpujg1 0 94549 915484 899559 2026-09-03T13:28:01Z Mansir Yusuf 19064 915484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bread and Roses''' ƙungiya ce ta ƴancin mata masu zaman kansu a [[Boston]] a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. An sanya wa ƙungiyar suna ne bayan taken yajin aikin masana'antu na Lawrence na shekarar 1912, tare da Gurasa yana nuna albashi mai kyau kuma Roses yana nufin gajeren sa'o'i da ƙarin lokacin hutu. Babban jigon asalin Bread and Roses ya shafi samun kwanciyar hankali da mutunci ga mata a duk faɗin ma'aikata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Riordan |first=Christine A. |last2=Kowalski |first2=Alexander M. |date=2021 |title=From Bread and Roses to #MeToo: Multiplicity, Distance, and the Changing Dynamics of Conflict in IR Theory |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019793920970868 |journal=ILR Review |language=en |volume=74 |issue=3 |pages=580–606 |doi=10.1177/0019793920970868 |issn=0019-7939 |s2cid=228850414}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kuma kafa ƙungiyar ne a lokacin rani na shekarar 1969 ta hanyar Meredith Tax da Linda Gordon. Haraji ya ce, "Ba za mu iya magana game da 'yan uwa ba tare da fahimtar cewa matsayi na manufa a cikin al'umma na mafi yawanmu ya bambanta da na uwaye masu zaman kansu, na baƙar fata na uwayemu masu farin, da na mata a ƙasashe na uku. 'Yan uwa suna nufin ba da faɗar gwagwarmayarsu gwagwarmu ce gwagwarmaya ce, amma suna yin ta gwagwarsu. " <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breines |first=Winifred |date=2007 |title=Struggling to Connect: White and Black Feminism in the Movement Years |journal=Contexts |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=18–24 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2007.6.1.18 |issn=1536-5042 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1970, ƙungiyar ta fara neman sararin jiki kuma a shekara ta 1971, sun kwace ɗayan gine-ginen da ba a Jami'ar Harvard ba su da ba don ba su da aka taɓa aiki ba don ba don ba da aji, bita, da kula da yara. Wannan sarari ya ɗauki kwanaki 10 kawai. Bayan karɓar gudummawa, ƙungiyar ta sami damar kafa sabon sarari a watan Janairun 1972, wanda gida ne a Cambridge mai suna Cibiyar Mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection: Women's Educational Center (Cambridge, Mass.) records {{!}} Archives and Special Collections |url=https://archivesspace.library.northeastern.edu/repositories/2/resources/831 |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=archivesspace.library.northeastern.edu}}</ref> Wannan rukuni ya kunshi kusan mambobi 250, ciki har da Jean Tepperman, Frans Ansley, Judy Ullman da Trude Bennett, waɗanda suka yi imanin cewa juyin juya hali ya zama dole don samun 'yancin mata. Wadannan mambobi sun kafa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban waɗanda suka mai da hankali kan takamaiman batutuwa, misali, lafiyar mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Spain |first=Daphne |date=2011 |title=Women's Rights and Gendered Spaces in 1970s Boston |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/fronjwomestud.32.1.0152 |journal=Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=152–178 |doi=10.5250/fronjwomestud.32.1.0152 |issn=0160-9009 |jstor=10.5250/fronjwomestud.32.1.0152 |s2cid=143280818}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kasance har zuwa shekarar 1973. == Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa == === Lafiyar mata === Wani sanannen aikin da ƙungiyar Bread and Roses ta samar an kira shi ''Mata da Jikin su: Darasi'', wanda daga baya aka haɓaka cikin Jikinmu, Mu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ewing |first=Tess |title=Bread and Roses: "A Revolutionary Moment: Women's Liberation in the late 1960s and early 1970s" |url=https://www.bu.edu/wgs/files/2013/10/Ewing-Bread-and-Roses.pdf |journal=Women's, Gender, & Sexuality Studies Program at Boston University}}</ref> An buga wannan darasi a cikin shekarar 1970 a ƙarƙashin sunan Boston Women's Health Collective kuma ya haɗu da labaran mata tare da bayanan gaskiya game da batutuwan mata da lafiyar mata. Batutuwan da aka haɗa a cikin wannan darasi sune Mata, Magunguna, da Kasuwanci, Darasi na Gabatarwa; Anatomy da Physiology; Jima'i; Wasu tatsuniyoyi game da Mata; Cututtukan Venereal; Kula da Haihuwa; Zubar ciki; Shirya Haihuwar; Bayan haihuwa; da Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya. Wannan darasi galibi ana yaba shi a matsayin farkon yunkurin kiwon lafiyar mata na kasa da na duniya. === Aiki === Dangane da taken da aka samo sunan ƙungiyar, wani sanannen gudummawar kungiyar Bread and Roses shine ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan ma'aikata 9 zuwa 5, wanda yanzu aka sani da 925 na Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Ma'aikata ta Duniya. Halitta wannan ƙungiyar ta zo ne saboda yawan ma'aikatan malamai a cikin rukuni waɗanda aka biya su da ƙarancin albashi kuma suna fuskantar rashin girmamawa daga ma'aikatansu. == Rikici == === Tsakanin wurare === Winifred Breines farar fata ce wacce ke aiki tun lokacin da aka kafa kungiyar 'yan mata a cikin shekarun 1960. Ta rubuta abubuwa da yawa da suka shafi intersectionality, ko rashin shi, a cikin yanayin mata na Boston ciki har da Gwagwarmayar Haɗi: White da Black Feminism a cikin Motsi Shekaru, Menene soyayya da ita? ''Me soyayya take da shi? ''fararen mata, baƙar fata mata, da mata a cikin shekarun motsi, da ''Koyon game da wariyar launin fata: White Socialist Feminism da Gurasa da Roses''. A lokacin wannan motsi, manyan ƙungiyoyi guda biyu sune Gurasa da Roses Collective, galibi sun haɗa da fararen fata, manyan ɗalibai, mata masu ilimi, da kuma Combahee River Collective, wanda shine ƙungiyar baƙar fata. Breines ya bayyana cewa yawancin 'yan mata baƙar fata sun ji cewa mata masu yawa ba su da hankali game da batutuwan da suka shafi kabilansu da jinsi, suna ci gaba da "samar da cewa' yan mata masu daraja na iya mai da hankali ne kawai kan batutuwan damuwa na mutum, ba za su iya fahimtar cewa ga' yan mata baƙar kai kabilanci da aji suna da mahimmanci kamar nuna bambancin jima'i ba. "<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Breines |first=Wini |date=2002 |title=What's Love Got to Do with It? White Women, Black Women, and Feminism in the Movement Years |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/339634 |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |language=en |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1095–1133 |doi=10.1086/339634 |issn=0097-9740 |s2cid=144139580}}</ref> Akwai kuma ƙasa ta kowa tsakanin Black da White mata a lokacin da White maza ne masu zalunci, duk da haka, bayan da akwai rashin jituwa da yawa a cikin abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci na ƙungiyoyin mata. Babban darajar 'yan mata masu fata shine kin amincewa da zamantakewar mata. Wannan shine imanin cewa an haɗa 'yan mata da mata don cika matsayin uwaye da mata, maimakon cin nasara a cikin ayyukansu. Ga 'yan mata na Black, wannan ba shi da iko a gare su saboda matsayinsu a matsayin mata da uwaye ba su ware su daga shiga cikin ma'aikata ba. Wani batu na jayayya shine ra'ayin dangin nukiliya. Masu fafutukar mata sun kalli manufar dangin nukiliya a matsayin babban mai zalunci yayin da yake aiki don kiyaye maza a matsayin iko da mata a matsayin matan gida. Wannan babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga ƙungiyar Bread and Roses da kuma dalilin da ya sa ƙungiyar ta zaɓi bayar da kula da yara. Ga mata baƙar fata da yawa, iyalin ma'aikata ce mai tsarki kuma mai ban sha'awa yayin da suke neman kare nasu daga wariyar launin fata a duniya. === Gwagwarmaya ta ciki === Abin da ya haifar da saurin rushewar Gurasa da Roses Collective (1969-1971), masanin Yahudawa Joyce Antler ya bayyana, shi ne cewa akwai rashin hangen nesa, tsari, da kuma kafa shugabanci wanda zai iya motsa burin rukuni gaba. Duk da yake wannan ya kasance ne saboda ra'ayoyin masu zaman kansu, masu adawa da sake fasalin, daga baya ya haifar da rikici tsakanin mambobi saboda fifiko ga 'yan uwa mata na ƙarya akan ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar mata. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == {{refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last1=Antler |first1=Joyce |chapter='Conscious Radicals': The Jewish Story of Boston's Bread and Roses |title=Jewish Radical Feminism: Voices from the Women's Liberation Movement |pages=115–153 |date=2018 |volume=3 |isbn=978-0-8147-0763-0 |publisher=NYU Press |jstor=j.ctvwrm564 |df=mdy-all }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Breines |first1=Wini |title=What's Love Got to Do with It? White Women, Black Women, and Feminism in the Movement Years |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_summer-2002_27_4/page/1095 |journal=Signs |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=1095–1133 |date=2002 |doi=10.1086/339634 |issn=0097-9740 |jstor=10.1086/339634 |s2cid=144139580 |df=mdy-all }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Lee |first1=Choonib |title=Women's Liberation and Sixties Armed Resistance |journal=Journal for the Study of Radicalism |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=25–52 |date=2017 |doi=10.14321/jstudradi.11.1.0025 |issn=1930-1189 |jstor=10.14321/jstudradi.11.1.0025 |s2cid=151547883 |df=mdy-all }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Wells |first1=Susan |title=Our Bodies, Ourselves: Reading the Written Body |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_signs_spring-2008_33_3/page/697 |journal=Signs |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=697–723 |date=2008 |doi=10.1086/523710 |issn=0097-9740 |jstor=10.1086/523710 |s2cid=143466088 |df=mdy-all }} {{refend}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o0f1e54tawlgnqsjegcllbc3f8yfb33 0 94864 915411 594123 2026-09-03T12:22:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 915411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' ( fl. 1470 ) mawaƙiya ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki. A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hjcthus919xiuwyx4yc3viai41ei9rq 915412 915411 2026-09-03T12:22:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 915412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' ( fl. 1470 ) mawaƙiya ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki. A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1ds06hpwi19hoqpyck7eu1hmvipbfbd 915413 915412 2026-09-03T12:22:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 915413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' ( fl. 1470 ) mawaƙiya ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki. A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6s3ex61bnifphbulwsm2w1oq5welgbu 915414 915413 2026-09-03T12:23:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 915414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' ( fl. 1470 ) mawaƙiya ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân, eds. (2018). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8. <nowiki>ISBN 9781474436281</nowiki>. </ref> A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sz4z5haq932pg00eiszupzjvz50rp6j 915415 915414 2026-09-03T12:23:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 915415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' (fl. 1470) mawaƙiya ce a Scotland ne na tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân, eds. (2018). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8. <nowiki>ISBN 9781474436281</nowiki>. </ref> A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6c8xlqa19sy61qorrunizuigz8yilxq 915416 915415 2026-09-03T12:23:38Z Pharouqenr 25549 915416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' (fl. 1470) mawaƙiya ce a [[Scotland]] ne na tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân, eds. (2018). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8. <nowiki>ISBN 9781474436281</nowiki>. </ref> A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gve71jfhwn7163dqifvi05ophpwx6c1 915417 915416 2026-09-03T12:24:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 915417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aithbreac Inghean Coirceadal''' (fl. 1470) ta kasance mawaƙiya ce a [[Scotland]] ne na tsaka-tsaki.<ref>Ewan, Elizabeth; Pipes, Rose; Rendall, Jane; Reynolds, Siân, eds. (2018). The new biographical dictionary of Scottish women. Edinburgh University Press. p. 8. <nowiki>ISBN 9781474436281</nowiki>. </ref> A cikin shekara ta 1470, ta rubuta wa mijinta, Niall Òg Mac Nèill, Constable of Castle Sween, Knapdale, wanda shine waƙar farko da aka rubuta a cikin Classic Scottish Gaelic, wanda mace ta rubuta.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Sue|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> An rubuta shi a cikin Classic Bardic meter kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙi guda huɗu kawai da mace ta rubuta a cikin wannan salon.<ref>{{Cite book|edition=Rose|url-access=Reynolds}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 1480]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nmutys4rqg4go94cw18716a1aciio0c 0 94959 915932 909138 2026-09-04T03:33:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:33512_Betzy_Kjelsberg.jpg|thumb|349x349px| Betzy Kjelsberg ne]] '''Betzy Aleksandra Kjelsberg''' (née '''Børresen''' ) (1 Nuwamban shekarar 1866 - 3 Oktoba 1950) ƴar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ta Norway ce, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata kuma memba ce a kungiyar mata . Ta kasance 'yar siyasa tare da Liberal Party kuma mace ta farko a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na jam'iyyar. [[Fayil:NKNs_første_styre_1904.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Membobin kwamitin na Majalisar Mata ta Norwegian a shekarar 1904. Karen Grude Koht, Fredrikke Marie Qvam, Gina Krog, Betzy Kjelsberg and [[Katti Anker Møller]]]] == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Betzy Aleksandra Børresen a Svelvik a Vestfold, Norway. Ita ce 'yar Thor Børresen (1816-72) da Jessie McGlashan (1842-1915). Mahaifinta dan kasar Norway ne, yayin da mahaifiyarta ta fito daga Scotland . Bayan mahaifinta ya mutu, dangin sun koma Drammen, inda mahaifiyar Betzy ta auri dan kasuwa Anton Enger. Koyaya, dole ne ya rufe shagonsa, wanda ya tilasta musu ƙaura zuwa Christiania (yanzu Oslo ). Yayin da take zaune a can, ta fara examen artium, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a Norway don yin haka, amma ba ta taba gamawa a zahiri ba saboda talaucin tattalin arzikin mahaifinta. A cikin shekarar 1883, ta haɗu da ƙungiyar tattaunawa ''Skuld'' tare da Cecilie Thoresen Krog . Kjelsberg ya ƙirƙiro ƙungiyoyin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Mata ( ''Kvinnelig Handelsstands forening'') a cikin 1894, Drammen Women's Association ( ''Drammen Kvinnesaksforening'' ) a cikin 1896, tare da makarantar matar aure, Drammen Public Health (1899) da Drammen Women's Council (1903). Ta kasance mai haɗin gwiwa na Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Mata ta Norwegian (1884) da Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasa (1885), wadda ta yi aiki don ba wa mata ƴancin yin zaɓe. An kafa Majalisar Mata ta Norway ( ''Norske Kvinners Nasjonalråd'' ) a cikin 1904 a matsayin laima ga ƙungiyoyin mata na Norway daban-daban. Ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na kungiyar tare da ƴan ƴan fafutuka Karen Grude Koht, Fredrikke Marie Qvam, Gina Krog da [[Katti Anker Møller]] . Daga 1916 ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Norske Kvinners Nasjonalråd |url=https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Norske_Kvinners_Nasjonalr%C3%A5d |access-date=February 1, 2018 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no |archive-date=July 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702175911/https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Norske_Kvinners_Nasjonalr%C3%A5d |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elisabeth Lønnå |title=Norske Kvinners Nasjonalråd |url=https://snl.no/Norske_Kvinners_Nasjonalr%C3%A5d |access-date=February 1, 2018 |publisher=Store norske leksikon}}</ref> A cikin 1905, an zaɓi Kjelsberg a matsayin majalisar birnin Drammen, inda ta zauna har sau biyu. A 1910 ta zama mace ta farko mai duba masana'anta ta Norway - matsayin da take da shi har zuwa 1936. Daga 1921-1934, Kjelsberg shine wakilin gwamnatin Norway a tarurrukan Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya a [[Geneva]] . Daga 1926-1938, ta kasance mataimakiyar shugabar Majalisar Mata ta Duniya . == Girmamawa == * A cikin 1916, an ba ta lambar yabo ta Sarki ( ''Kongens fortjenstmedalje'' ) a zinare. == Rayuwa ta sirri == A cikin 1885, ta yi aure da masanin shari'a Oluf Fredrik Kjelsberg (1861-1923), wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya shida. Su ne kakannin kakanni na Siv Jensen, shugabar Jam'iyyar Ci gaban Norway . == Taska == Betzy Kjelsberg ya mutu a lokacin 1950 a [[Bergen]] . An binne ta a Vår Frelsers gravlund a Oslo. ''Betzy Kjelsbergs vei'' a [[Oslo]], ''Betzy Kjelsbergs vei'' a Drammen da ''kofar Betzy Kjelsbergs'' a [[Stavanger]] duk titunan Norway ne da aka sanya mata suna. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Betzy Kjelsberg |url=https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Betzy_Kjelsberg |access-date=March 1, 2018 |publisher=lokalhistoriewiki.no |archive-date=April 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422211035/https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Betzy_Kjelsberg |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[[lokalhistoriewiki:Betzy_Kjelsberg|"Betzy Kjelsberg"]]. lokalhistoriewiki.no<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> Akwai wani mutum-mutumi nata ''a ƙofar Marcus Thranes'' (zobe 2) a Oslo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OpenStreetMap |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=19/59.93231/10.75931 |access-date=January 21, 2022 |publisher=openstreetmap.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Wasu kafofin == * {{Cite web |last=Skaarer, Åse Camilla |title=''Betzy Kjelsberg (1866-1950)'' |url=http://www.stemmerett.no/tema/personene/betzy_kjelsberg.html |access-date=2007-11-23 |publisher=(Stemmerett.no)}} * Reistad, Gunhild Ramm (1994) [https://bokelskere.no/bok/betzy-kjelsberg-og-drammen/267381/ ''Betzy Kjelsberg og Drammen''] (Brakar AS lokalhistorisk forlag)   * Folkvord, Magnhild (2016) [https://samlaget.no/products/betzy-kjelsberg-feminist-og-brubyggjar ''Betzy Kjelsberg – Feminist og brubyggjar''] (Oslo: Samlaget)   == Kara karantawa == * [[Anna Caspari Agerholt|Agerholt, Anna Caspari]] (1973) [https://www.nb.no/nbsok/nb/7b02bdd1f9121373c86ba39013eb2018?lang=no ''Den norske kvinnebevegelses historie''] (Oslo: Gyldendal)  == Littafi Mai Tsarki == *   [[Rukuni:Matattun 1950]] lrgorzk4uc871u0y3kz18b6zchr16tm 0 97325 915962 911388 2026-09-04T08:14:56Z Zahrah0 14848 915962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lavanya Tripathi Konidela''' (née Tripathi; an haife ta a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba shekara ta alif 1990 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya wacce take aiki da fina-finai na Telugu da Tamil .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday Lavanya Tripathi: జనం మదిలో ఇప్పటికీ 'అందాల రాక్షసి'గానే.. లావణ్య త్రిపాఠి రేర్ పిక్స్! |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/lavanya-tripathi-birthday-tollywood-actress-lavanya-tripathi-birthday-special-pictures-86480/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221145347/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/entertainment/lavanya-tripathi-birthday-tollywood-actress-lavanya-tripathi-birthday-special-pictures-86480/amp |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=Zee News Telugu}}</ref> Tripathi ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa ciki har da gabatarwa don kyaututtaka biyu na SIIMA da kuma daya Filmfare Awards South . Tripathi ta fara aikinta a matsayin samfurin kuma ta lashe Femina Miss Uttarakhand a shekara ta 2006. Daga nan sai ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo tare da shirin [[talabijin]] na Hindi ''Pyaar Ka Bandhan'' (2009) kuma ta fara fim dinta tare da ''Andala Rakshasi'' (2012). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chaavu Kaburu Challaga's Lavanya Tripathi's crazy pics goes viral on social media |url=https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/photo-gallery/actress-lavanya-tripathi-crazy-pics-in-social-media-91059/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407151528/https://zeenews.india.com/telugu/photo-gallery/actress-lavanya-tripathi-crazy-pics-in-social-media-91059/amp |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Zee News India}}</ref> Bayan fim dinta na farko, ta sami nasara ta farko tare da ''Doosukeltha'' (2013) da ''Bramman'' (2014). Tripathi ta sami karbuwa don nuna malamin rawa a cikin ''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy'' (2015) da kuma matar da ke kaɗaici a ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' (2016), ta sami lambar yabo ta Filmfare don Mafi kyawun Actress - Telugu don ƙarshen. Tripathi ya sami nasara a ''Srirastu Subhamastu'' (2016), ''Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi'' (2017), ''Arjun Suravaram'' (2019) da ''A1 Express'' (2021). Tun daga wannan lokacin ta fito a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen ''Puli Meka'' (2023) da ''Miss Perfect'' (2024). Baya ga aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo, Tripathi sanannen sanannen mai ba da tallafi ne ga alamomi da samfuran. Ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Varun Tej . == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Tripathi a ranar 15 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta alif 1990, <ref name="TSLT">{{Cite web |title=Varun Tej has the sweetest birthday wish for his 'baby' Lavanya Tripathi: Thank you for being you |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/varun-tej-birthday-wish-lavanya-tripathi-101702629697339.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215095453/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/varun-tej-birthday-wish-lavanya-tripathi-101702629697339-amp.html |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2021 |title=Lavanya Tripathi's next titled Happy Birthday |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2021/dec/15/lavanya-tripathis-next-titled-happy-birthday-28451.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> a Ayodhya, [[Uttar Pradesh]] kuma ta girma a [[Dehradun]], [[Uttarakhand]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday 'Beauty Monster' Lavanya Tripathi! |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Actress/Read/994454359/Happy-Birthday-Beauty-Monster-Lavanya-Tripathi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213230751/https://amp.indiaherald.com/Actress/Read/994454359/Happy-Birthday-Beauty-Monster-Lavanya-Tripathi |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Indian Herald}}</ref> <ref name="newindianexpress.com">{{Cite web |title=I Always Wanted to Enter Showbiz Says Newcomer Lavanya Tripathi |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/I-Always-Wanted-to-Enter-Showbiz-Says-Newcomer-Lavanya-Tripathi/2014/02/18/article2062281.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215529/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/I-Always-Wanted-to-Enter-Showbiz-Says-Newcomer-Lavanya-Tripathi/2014/02/18/article2062281.ece |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=18 February 2014 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref name="LTBT">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2019 |title=Lavanya Tripathi on her tweet on Brahmin pride: Deleted it as I didn't want to hurt anybody |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/lavanya-tripathi-on-her-tweet-on-brahmin-pride-deleted-it-as-i-didn-t-want-to-hurt-anybody-1597832-2019-09-11 |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> Mahaifinta lauya ne da ke aiki a Babban Kotun da Kotun Jama'a kuma mahaifiyarta malama ce mai ritaya. Tana da 'yan uwanta biyu, ɗan'uwa da' yar'uwa.<ref name="aboututtarakhand.com">{{Cite web |date=2009-07-07 |title=Exclusive Interview With Lavanya Tripathi |url=http://www.aboututtarakhand.com/Watch_Outs/Fashion/Questioner/Exclusive-Interview-With-Lavanya-Tripathi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922205254/http://www.aboututtarakhand.com/Watch_Outs/Fashion/Questioner/Exclusive-Interview-With-Lavanya-Tripathi.html |archive-date=22 September 2018 |access-date=2013-08-19 |publisher=Aboututtarakhand.com}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Marshall, Dehradun, ta koma [[Mumbai]], inda ta kammala karatu a fannin tattalin arziki daga Kwalejin Kasa ta Rishi Dayaram . <ref name="aboututtarakhand.com" /> Ta bayyana cewa "ko da yaushe tana son kasancewa a cikin showbiz," amma mahaifinta yana son ta kammala karatunta da farko. Daga nan sai ta fara yin samfurin, tana bayyana a cikin tallace-tallace, yayin da take kuma wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen talabijin.<ref name="newindianexpress.com"/><ref name="LTBT"/> Ta lashe taken Miss Uttarakhand a shekara ta 2006 lokacin da take makaranta. Tushen Tripathi a cikin rawa na gargajiya, Bharatnatyam ya zo da kyau saboda rawar da ta taka a fim din ''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2018 |title=A journey of self discovery for actor Lavanya Tripathi |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-journey-of-self-discovery-for-actor-lavanya-tripathi/article23272856.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213230751/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-journey-of-self-discovery-for-actor-lavanya-tripathi/article23272856.ece |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=25 June 2018 |publisher=thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2019 |title=Lavanya Tripathi takes a breather from films and picks up Latin dance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lavanya-tripathi-takes-a-breather-from-films-and-picks-up-latin-dance/articleshow/70190418.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629091757/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lavanya-tripathi-takes-a-breather-from-films-and-picks-up-latin-dance/articleshow/70190418.cms |archive-date=29 June 2022 |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=[[The Times of India]] |quote=the 28-year-old actress}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Ayyuka na farko da fadada fina-finai (2006-2014) === Tripathi ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo tare da talabijin na [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]], tana bayyana a lokuta daban-daban na ''Ssshhhh...Koi Hai'' daga shekarar 2006 zuwa shekara ta 2009. Daga bisani ta bayyana a matsayin mai takara a kan Get Gorgeous 5 a 2008 kuma ta tsaya a matsayi na 9. Tripathi ta fara yin fiction tare da ''Pyaar Ka Bandhan'' na Sony TV . Ta nuna Mishti Das / Araina Rai daga 2009 zuwa 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know all about Sony Entertainment Television's series 'Pyaar Ka Bandhan' |url=http://www.setindia.com/show_details.php?sid=24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100219234954/http://www.setindia.com/show_details.php?sid=24 |archive-date=19 February 2010 |access-date=10 December 2015 |website=SET India}}</ref> Bayyanar ta karshe a talabijin ta kasance a cikin 2010, lokacin da ta nuna Sakshi, a cikin wani labari na ''CID'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=CID: The trivia, quirks, facts and clichés we bet you didn't know |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704161951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes |archive-date=4 July 2023 |access-date=20 November 2016 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Tripathi ta fara fim dinta na farko tare da fim din Telugu na 2012 ''Andala Rakshasi'', bayan wata aboki ta ba ta shawarar halartar sauraron rawar. Ta taka rawar Midhuna, yarinya da ke makoki game da mutuwar masoyinta. Ayyukanta sun sami lambar yabo da yawa ciki har da CineMAA Award for Best Female Debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Urvashi Rautela to Lavanya Tripathi: Known all about the life and career of actresses from Uttarakhand |url=https://www.jagran.com/lite/uttarakhand/nainital-uttarakhand-actress-in-bollywood-know-her-life-and-career-22870082.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026132049/https://www.jagran.com/lite/uttarakhand/nainital-uttarakhand-actress-in-bollywood-know-her-life-and-career-22870082.html |archive-date=26 October 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=Jagaran}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Andala Rakshasi Cast and Crew |url=http://andhalarakshasi.com/cast-crew |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825192653/http://andhalarakshasi.com/cast-crew |archive-date=25 August 2012 |access-date=3 August 2012 |publisher=Andala Rakshasi}}</ref> Wani mai sukar ''123telugu'' ya lura, "Lavanya kyakkyawa ce sosai a cikin fim din. Tana aiki da kyau kuma tana ƙara wasu rashin laifi da sha'awa ga halin. "<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review : Andhala Rakshasi – A tragic tale of love |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/review-andhala-rakshasi-a-tragic-tale-of-love.html |access-date=28 September 2012 |website=123telugu}}</ref> A shekara mai zuwa a cikin 2013, Tripathi ta buga likita Alekhya a gaban Vishnu Manchu, a ''Doosukeltha'' . Fim din ya zama nasarar ofishin jakadancin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2013 |title=Doosukeltha 6th day collections |url=http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/news-gossip/28652-doosukeltha-6th-day-collections.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027131915/http://www.sakshipost.com/index.php/entertainment/news-gossip/28652-doosukeltha-6th-day-collections.html |archive-date=27 October 2013 |access-date=23 January 2014 |website=Sakshi Post}}</ref> Jeevi daga ''Idlebrain.com'' ta bayyana cewa ta dace da halin sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2013 |title=Doosukeltha review – Telugu cinema review – Vishnu Manchu, Lavanya Tripathi, Pankaj Tripathi, Kota Srinivasa Rao, Brahmanandam, Vennela Kishore, Sravan, Ali, Master Bharath, Annapurna, Rajitha, Hema etc |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/doosukeltha.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019082853/http://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/doosukeltha.html |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=23 January 2014 |publisher=Idlebrain.com}}</ref> Tripathi ya fadada zuwa fina-finai na Tamil a cikin 2014 tare da ''Bramman'' . Ta taka rawar jarida mai son, Gayathri a gaban Sasikumar . Fim din ya fito da matsakaicin ofishin akwatin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-18 |title=Sasikumar enters T'town |url=http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130318/entertainment-kollywood/article/sasikumar-enters-t%E2%80%99town |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017041304/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130318/entertainment-kollywood/article/sasikumar-enters-t%E2%80%99town |archive-date=17 October 2013 |access-date=2013-10-16 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Baradwaj Rangan ta soki fim din da halinta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bramman: Cinema about cinema: The struggles of a cinema-crazy theatre owner - The Hindu<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/bramman-cinema-about-cinema/article5716738.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430060805/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/bramman-cinema-about-cinema/article5716738.ece |archive-date=30 April 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> A cikin wannan shekarar, ta buga abokiyar Radha Mohan a Manam, tare da Naga Chaitanya, a cikin waƙar fim din "Kanulanu Thaake". === Rashin shahara da nasara (2015-2017) === Tripathi ya nuna Nandana, malamin rawa na Kuchipudi da ke ƙaunar masanin kimiyya mai banƙyama a gaban Nani, a cikin fim din 2015 ''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy'' . <ref name="Lavanya int TH">{{Cite web |last=Devi Dundoo |first=Sangeetha |date=7 September 2015 |title=Lavanya Tripathi on the making of her character, Nandana |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/lavanya-tripathi-on-the-making-of-her-character-nandana/article7625058.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125154308/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/lavanya-tripathi-on-the-making-of-her-character-nandana/article7625058.ece |archive-date=25 November 2015 |access-date=25 November 2015 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Babban nasarar kasuwanci da fim na takwas mafi girma na Telugu na shekara, ya zama nasararta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2015 |title=Nani tastes first blockbuster success with 'Bhale Bhale Magadivoy' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nani-tastes-first-blockbuster-success-with-bhale-bhale-magadivoy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331170716/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/nani-tastes-first-blockbuster-success-with-bhale-bhale-magadivoy/ |archive-date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> Suresh Kavirayani ya lura, "Lavanya tana da kyau kamar Nandana kuma tana da dukkan akwatunan. Kimiyyarta tare da Nani tana da kyau a allon kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu basira da za a duba a nan gaba. " Wani mai sukar ''Sify'' ya nuna godiya ga aikinta na "ƙauna". <ref name="for future">{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=5 September 2015 |title=Movie Review 'Bhale Bhale Mogadivoy': Nani rules with memory loss |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150905/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-bhale-bhale-mogadivoy-nani-rules-memory-loss |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126140341/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/150905/entertainment-movie-review/article/movie-review-bhale-bhale-mogadivoy-nani-rules-memory-loss |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=26 November 2015 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Review : Bhale Bhale Magadivoy |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bhale-bhale-magadivoy-review--pjerQufccbdji.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126135234/http://www.sify.com/movies/bhale-bhale-magadivoy-review--pjerQufccbdji.html |archive-date=26 November 2015 |access-date=26 November 2015 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun sami lambar yabo ta IIFA Utsavam don Mafi kyawun Actress - Telugu kuma sun lashe lambar yabo ta Zee Telugu Apsara don Rising Star of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-01-25 |title=IIFA Utsavam 2016: Baahubali and Thani Oruvan win maximum number of awards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/iifa-utsavam-2016-baahubali-and-thani-oruvan-win-maximum-number-of-awards-at-the-grand-event-305400-2016-01-25 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Bayan wannan, Tripathi ta sami nasarorin kasuwanci uku a cikin 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sashidhar |first=A. S. |date=24 November 2014 |title=Nagarjuna said I look good onscreen: Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-said-I-look-good-onscreen-Lavanya-Tripathi/articleshow/45259445.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125070147/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Nagarjuna-said-I-look-good-onscreen-Lavanya-Tripathi/articleshow/45259445.cms |archive-date=25 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2014 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Ta fara nuna matar kaɗaici Seetha a ''Soggade Chinni Nayana'', a gaban Nagarjuna . Sangeetha Devi Dundoo ta bayyana cewa, "Lavanya ta zo da wani hoto mai kyau da amincewa. Ta bayyana damuwar matar da ke kadaici sosai don jawo tausayi. " Fim din ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci kuma Fim na bakwai mafi girma na Telugu na shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=16 January 2016 |title='Soggade' charms all the way |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/soggade-chinni-nayana-charms-all-the-way/article8114012.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160116115122/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/soggade-chinni-nayana-charms-all-the-way/article8114012.ece |archive-date=16 January 2016 |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko ta Filmfare don Mafi kyawun Actress - Telugu kuma ta lashe kyautar Sakshi Excellence Award don Mafi kyawun actress . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Akkineni Nagarjuna starrer Telugu film 'Soggade Chinni Nayana' box office collections |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-akkineni-nagarjuna-starrer-telugu-film-soggade-chinni-nayana-box-office-collections-200890/lite/ |access-date=21 November 2018 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> Daga bisani ta taka rawar Devi a ''Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi'' a gaban Naveen Chandra . Ya sami ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa amma ya kasance nasarar kasuwanci. Sakamakon karshe na shekara ya zo ne tare da ''Srirastu Subhamastu'', inda ta buga Ananya a gaban Allu Sirish. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 May 2018 |title=From Srirastu Subhamastu to Kotha Janta: 5 best Allu Sirish movies |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/5-best-allu-sirish-movies-that-you-should-not-miss/photostory/64191728.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416090543/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/photo-features/5-best-allu-sirish-movies-that-you-should-not-miss/photostory/64191728.cms |archive-date=16 April 2023 |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=Times Of India}}</ref> Wani mai sukar The Times of [[Indiya|India]] ya bayyana cewa tana ba da "taimako ga fim din" mai kyau tare da aikinta. Ta sami lambar yabo ta SIIMA don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau - Telugu don fim din. [[Fayil:Lavanya_at_Mister_movie_Trailer_Launch.png|thumb|Tripathi a cikin 2017 inganta ''Mister'']] Tripathi ta fito da fina-finai biyar a shekarar 2017. Ta fara bayyana a ''Mister'' a gaban Varun Tej, inda ta buga Chandramukhi yarinya mai jin kunya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varun Tej to work with director Srinu Vaitla &#124; Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-varun-tej-to-work-with-director-srinu-vaitla-2182000 |access-date=2016-09-27 |publisher=DNA India}}</ref> Ch Sowmya Sruthi na The Times of India ta ji cewa halinta ya fadi "flat" saboda rashin rubuce-rubuce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mister Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/mister/movie-review/58179831.cms |access-date=2016-12-27 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Daga bisani ta taka rawar daya daga cikin halayen dalibi ''Radha'' a Radha, a gaban Sharwanand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Radha Trailer: Sharwanand and Lavanya starrer is a high voltage entertainer |url=https://www.telugu360.com/radha-theatrical-trailer-high-voltage-entertainer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172047/https://www.telugu360.com/radha-theatrical-trailer-high-voltage-entertainer/amp/ |archive-date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |website=Telugu 360}}</ref> Daga baya, Tripathi ya bayyana a cikin ''Yuddham Sharanam'' . Ta taka rawar Anjali, mai kula da likita a gaban Naga Chaitanya . Hemanth Kumar CR ya bayyana cewa, "Chaitanya da Lavanya suna yin ma'aurata masu ban mamaki a kan allo kuma shirin soyayya yana da farin ciki don kallo. " Duk waɗannan fina-finai sun fito ne a matsayin matsakaicin ofishin akwatin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2017 |title=Yuddham Sharanam movie review: Naga Chaitanya races against time, but the film doesn't. |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/yuddham-sharanam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-races-against-time-but-the-film-doesnt-4022681.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001164943/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/yuddham-sharanam-movie-review-naga-chaitanya-races-against-time-but-the-film-doesnt-4022681.html |archive-date=1 October 2019 |access-date=1 October 2019 |website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-11 |title='Yuddham Sharanam' Box Office collection Day 2: Naga Chaitanya and Lavanya Tripathi starrer fails to cross Rs 10 Cr in two days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/yuddham-sharanam-box-office-collection-day-2-naga-chaitanya-and-lavanya-tripathi-starrer-fails-to-cross-rs-10-cr-in-two-days/articleshow/60459290.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329024419/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/box-office/yuddham-sharanam-box-office-collection-day-2-naga-chaitanya-and-lavanya-tripathi-starrer-fails-to-cross-rs-10-cr-in-two-days/articleshow/60459290.cms |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=2019-12-26 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Bayan wannan, Tripathi ya nuna Meghana mai shirya bikin aure ba tare da damuwa ba a gaban Ram Pothineni, a cikin ''Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi replaces Megha in Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/lavanya-replaces-megha-in-vunnadi-okate-zindagi/articleshow/59862516.cms |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kishore's Vunnadi Okate Zindagi shoot wrapped up! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vunnadi-okate-zindagi-shoot-wrapped-up/articleshow/60901091.cms |access-date=29 September 2017 |website=Times of India}}</ref> Sangeetha Devi Dundoo ta lura, "Halin Lavanya mai haske ne kuma mai wasan kwaikwayo yana janye shi da kyau. Yana da sauƙi kada a gan ta a cikin waɗannan lehengas masu gudana da ta zama daidai da su". Fim din ya fito da matsakaicin nasara a ofishin akwatin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-27 |title='Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi' review: A toast to friendship |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/kishore-tirumala-presents-a-fairly-entertaining-cocktail-of-romance-and-friendship/article19932035.ece |access-date=2019-12-20 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> A cikin fitowarta ta ƙarshe a shekara, ta dawo cikin fina-finai na Tamil tare da ''Maayavan'' . Tripathi ya buga Dr. Aadhirai, likitan kwakwalwa a gaban Sundeep Kishan. Fim din ya fito da wani matsakaiciyar nasara. Manoj Kumar R ta yaba mata da yadda ta taka rawar gani. Dukkanin wasan kwaikwayon da ta yi a shekarar 2017 sun ba ta lambar yabo ta Zee Cine Award Telugu don Popular Face of the Year. === Canjin aiki (2018-2022) === Tripathi ta fara 2018 tare da Inttelligent a gaban Sai Dharam Tej, inda ta buga Shreya, injiniyan software. A cikin fitowarta ta gaba ''Antariksham 9000 KMPH'', ta sake haɗuwa da Varun Tej kuma ta buga Parvathi, malamin makaranta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2018 |title=Antariksham 9000 KMPH: 5 reasons to watch Varun Tej, Lavanya Tripathi and Aditi Rao Hydari starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/antariksham-review-antariksham-9000-kmph-movie-review-5-reasons-to-watch-varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-and-aditi-rao-hydari-starrer-antariksham-review/articleshow/67180252.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009044855/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/antariksham-review-antariksham-9000-kmph-movie-review-5-reasons-to-watch-varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-and-aditi-rao-hydari-starrer-antariksham-review/articleshow/67180252.cms |archive-date=9 October 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Times Of India}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati ta yi imanin cewa tana ba da "aiki mai gamsarwa". Dukkanin fina-finai biyu ba su yi nasara ba a ofishin akwatin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2018 |title=Sai Dharam Tej's 'Inttelligent' bombs at box office, incurs loss of 15 cr. |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sai-dharam-tej-s-inttelligent-bombs-box-office-incurs-loss-15-cr-76563 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331171438/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sai-dharam-tej-s-inttelligent-bombs-box-office-incurs-loss-15-cr-76563 |archive-date=31 March 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022 |publisher=[[The News Minute]]}}</ref> A cikin 2019, fitowar Tripathi kawai ita ce ''Arjun Suravaram'' . Ta buga Kavya, mai son jarida a gaban Nikhil Siddharth . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2019 |title=Arjun Suravaram Movie Review: A good remake! It deserves to be watched |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/011219/arjun-suravaram-movie-review-a-good-remake.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918125921/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/011219/arjun-suravaram-movie-review-a-good-remake.html |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=25 December 2019 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babban nasarar kasuwanci. Murali Krishna C H ta yi imanin cewa tana sa kasancewarta ta ji ta hanyar aikinta. Tripathi had two film releases in 2021. Her first release was ''A1 Express'' opposite Sundeep Kishan, where she played Lavanya, a hockey player.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-26 |title=''A1 Express'' trailer: The hockey drama raises an important question about corruption and nepotism in sports |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/a1-express-trailer-the-hockey-drama-raises-an-important-question-about-corruption-and-nepotism-in-sports/articleshow/80467129.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126204051/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/a1-express-trailer-the-hockey-drama-raises-an-important-question-about-corruption-and-nepotism-in-sports/articleshow/80467129.cms |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Sashidhar Adivi of ''Deccan Chronicle'' stated, "Lavanya is not the run-of-the-mill heroine and is an excellent choice for the role. Perhaps this is one of her best performances." She next played Mallika, a widow opposite Kartikeya Gummakonda in ''Chaavu Kaburu Challaga''. Gabbeta Ranjith Kumar of ''The New Indian Express'' noted that she exhibits "good screen presence".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-19 |title=Chaavu Kaburu Challaga review: Kartikeya Gummakonda's film makes for an engaging watch |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/tollywood-movie-review/chaavu-kaburu-challaga-review-kartikeya-gummakonda-film-makes-for-an-engaging-watch-7235851/ |access-date=2021-03-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> === Ayyukan watsa shirye-shirye (2023-yanzu) === [[Fayil:Lavanay_tripathi_inviting_everyone_for_MAA_Silver_Jubilee_Celebrations_Event_2018.png|thumb|Tripathi a wani taron]] Tripathi ta fara fitowa tare da ''Puli Meka'' a 2023. Ta buga Kiran, jami'in IPS a gaban Aadi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2022 |title=ZEE5 launches web series titled 'Puli-Meka' starring Lavanya Tripathi and Aadi Saikumar |url=https://telugu.news18.com/news/movies/zee5-new-web-series-lavanya-tripathi-aadi-saikumar-puli-meka-started-here-are-the-details-sr-1338068.html |access-date=19 June 2022 |website=News18 Telugu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi to play a cop! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/170223/lavanya-tripathi-to-play-a-cop.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219063445/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/entertainment/tollywood/170223/lavanya-tripathi-to-play-a-cop.html |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Abhilasha Cherukuri ta nuna godiya ga jerin ayyukanta kuma ta kara da cewa, "Lavanya tana ɗaukar tsakiya a ''Puli Meka'', wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga manyan fina-finai na Telugu. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 February 2023 |title='Puli Meka' review: A satisfying experience for crime drama fans |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/feb/25/puli-meka-review-a-satisfying-experience-forcrime-drama-fans-2550651.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-24 |title=Puli Meka Review: Lavanya Tripathi steals the show |url=https://telanganatoday.com/puli-meka-review-lavanya-tripathi-steals-the-show |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Telangana Today |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2024, Tripathi ta sami fitowar yanar gizo ta biyu tare da ''Miss Perfect'' a gaban Abijeet . Ta taka leda a matsayin Lavanya, mai ba da shawara kan gudanarwa wanda ke da damuwa da tsabta da kuma kuskuren a matsayin baiwa Laxmi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Exclusive - Lavanya Tripathi's 'Miss Perfect' to stream on OTT soon, first-look poster out |url=https://indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/lavanya-tripathis-miss-perfect-to-stream-on-ott-soon-first-look-poster-out-2484211-2024-01-04 |access-date=28 January 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref> Sonal Pandya na Times Now ya lura, "Duk da hauka na makircin, Lavanya ta kara wasu rauni ga halinta kuma ta sa jerin za a iya kallo".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-02 |title=Miss Perfect Review: Lavanya Tripathi's Rom-Com Series Is A Breezy Yet Cliched Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/miss-perfect-review-lavanya-tripathi-rom-com-series-is-a-breezy-yet-cliched-watch-review-107351542 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202122642/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/web-series/miss-perfect-review-lavanya-tripathi-rom-com-series-is-a-breezy-yet-cliched-watch-review-107351542 |archive-date=2 February 2024 |access-date=2025-01-02 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> Tipathi zai koma fina-finai na Tamil bayan shekaru 6 tare da ''Thanal'' a gaban Atharvaa . Za ta kuma bayyana a fim din Telugu ''Sathi Leelavathi'' a gaban Dev Mohan . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-15 |title=Lavanya Tripathi Announces New Film On Her Birthday; Tatineni Satya To Helm ‘Sathi Leelavathi’ |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/lavanya-tripathi-announces-new-film-on-her-birthday-tatineni-satya-to-helm-sathi-leelavathi-article-116336989 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219131544/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/lavanya-tripathi-announces-new-film-on-her-birthday-tatineni-satya-to-helm-sathi-leelavathi-article-116336989 |archive-date=19 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Tripathi ya sadu da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Varun Tej, a kan saiti na fim ɗin su ''Mister'' (2017) kuma daga ƙarshe ya fara soyayya da shi. Sun tafi aiki tare a ''Antariksham 9000 KMPH'' a cikin 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2023 |title=Lavanya Tripathi and Varun Tej are engaged |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-engaged-41673-10-06-2023 |access-date=12 September 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> Sun yi alkawari a ranar 9 ga Yuni 2023 a [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2023 |title=Varun Tej, Lavanya Tripathi share romantic pics from engagement |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-engagement-pics-101686365038358.html |access-date=14 September 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref> Tripathi ta auri Tej a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba 2023 a Tuscany, [[Italiya]] a cikin wani bikin gargajiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2023 |title=Varun Tej, Lavanya Tripathi look regal in red and golden in first pics from grand wedding in Italy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-first-pics-grand-wedding-italy-101698894207898.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109152208/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/varun-tej-lavanya-tripathi-first-pics-grand-wedding-italy-101698894207898-amp.html |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2023 |title=Varun Tej shares first pictures with wife Lavanya Tripathi: 'My Lav' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/varun-tej-shares-first-pictures-with-wife-lavanya-tripathi-my-lav-9010301/lite/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106200236/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/varun-tej-shares-first-pictures-with-wife-lavanya-tripathi-my-lav-9010301/lite/ |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> == Ayyukan da ba a nuna su ba == Tripathi ta yi aiki don dalilai da yawa. Ta ɗauki matsayin "Shiksha Superheroe" na [[Procter & Gamble|P&G Shiksha]] a [[Hyderabad]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2016 |title=Actress Lavanya Tripathi inspires people of Hyderabad to be P&G Shiksha Superheroes |url=https://www.ritzmagazine.in/actress-lavanya-tripathi-inspires-people-of-hyderabad-to-be-pg-shiksha-superheroes/ |access-date=20 October 2018 |website=Rits Magazine }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A cikin 2018, ta yi aiki a cikin talla tare da Sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga na [[Telangana]], wanda ba ta karɓi albashi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2018 |title=No Remuneration For Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://www.chitramala.in/no-remuneration-for-lavanya-tripathi-264298.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618130045/https://www.chitramala.in/no-remuneration-for-lavanya-tripathi-264298.html |archive-date=18 June 2018 |access-date=18 June 2018 |publisher=chitramala.in}}</ref> Tripathi ta zama 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Tollywood ta farko da ta ba da gudummawa ga Gwamnati Corona Crisis Charity, a lokacin [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a cikin 2020. Ta bayyana cewa ta ji "ma'anar alhakin" kuma ta zo gaba don ba da gudummawa ga kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi reacts to being the first Tollywood actress to donate for Corona Crisis Charity |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/telugu-cinema/article/lavanya-tripathi-reacts-to-being-the-first-tollywood-actress-to-donate-for-corona-crisis-charity/580630 |access-date=20 September 2020 |website=Zoom TV}}</ref> Tripathi ta yi aiki tare da mai zanen Anitha Reddy don samar da abin rufe fuska mai tsabta, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don aikin hadin gwiwa "Redtri". Har ila yau, ya inganta Vocal for Local . Ta kuma yanke shawarar fara gidan cin abinci na yanayi a Mussoorie . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sashidhar Adivi |date=25 June 2021 |title=Lavanya Tripathi plans a nature cafe! |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250621/lavanya-tripathi-plans-a-nature-cafe.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201025021/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/250621/lavanya-tripathi-plans-a-nature-cafe.html |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=25 January 2022 |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Tripathi ta yi tafiya a abubuwan da suka faru kuma ta kasance abin koyi na murfin mujallu ciki har da Provoke Magazine da You and I's Yuni edition.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi for Provoke |url=https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/ViewGalleryPage/443235/Lavanya-Tripathi-poses-for-Provoke-Magazine/1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922205254/https://www.indiaherald.com/Movies/ViewGalleryPage/443235/Lavanya-Tripathi-poses-for-Provoke-Magazine/1 |archive-date=22 September 2018 |access-date=10 April 2021 |publisher=Indian Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=You & I Weekly – Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://www.youandi.com/you-i-weekly-8-june-2020-lavanya-tripathi-0/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922205254/https://www.youandi.com/you-i-weekly-8-june-2020-lavanya-tripathi-0/ |archive-date=22 September 2018 |access-date=15 May 2021 |publisher=You & I}}</ref> Har ila yau, an san ta da ƙwarewar tufafi mai sauƙi da kyau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Visual Stories Entertainment |date=6 February 2023 |title=Stylish and Chic: Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/stylish-and-chic-lavanya-tripathi-21039-06-02-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209055804/https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/entertainment/stylish-and-chic-lavanya-tripathi-21039-06-02-2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |access-date=8 February 2023 |website=India Today}}</ref> == Ayyuka da hoton jama'a == [[Fayil:Lavanya_Tripathi_at_movie_pressmeet.png|thumb|Tripathi a wani taron a shekarar 2017]] Tripathi ta fara yin alkawari tare da Andala Rakshasi . Times of India ta lura, "Lavanya tana da rawar da marubucin ke takawa kuma tana yin babban aiki da shi. Tana da fuska mai amfani sosai kuma mai shirya fim din ya yi amfani da shi sosai. " Tripathi ta sami karbuwa tare da fina-finai, Bhale Bhale Magadivoy da Soggade Chinni Nayana . Suresh Kavirayani na Deccan Chronicle ya bayyana ta a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin masu basira masu haske da za a kula da su a nan gaba". Marubucin Pranitha Jonnalagedda ya kwatanta ta da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Soundarya . Rinku Gupta ta NDTV ta kira Tripathi 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau kuma mai ban sha'awa'. Chiranjeevi ta yaba da aikinta a wani taron 2019 kuma ya ce, "Lavanya Tripathi yarinya ce mai kyau da kyakkyawa. Ta yi kama da kyakkya sosai a ''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy''. Na yi mamakin bayan kallon ta a allon. Na gan ta na ɗan lokaci ba tare da walƙiya ba. Ta yi aiki mai kyau a ''Arjun Suravaram''. Lavanya tana da kyakkyawar makoma kamar yadda ta kafu sosai a masana'antar fina-finai ta Kudancin Indiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2019 |title=Megastar Chiranjeevi's Heaps Praises On Arjun Suravaram Actress Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=h-10cJtNG6Y |access-date=29 November 2019 |website=SIIMA - Youtube}}</ref> [[Allu Arjun]] har ma ta kira ta "mashi mai sa'a mai sa'i".<ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH - Allu Arjun calls Lavanya a 'lucky mascot' at Chaavu Kaburu Challaga event |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-allu-arjun-calls-kartikeya-genuine-soul-and-lavanya-lucky-mascot-chaavu-kaburu-challaga-event-651073%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407151528/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/watch-allu-arjun-calls-kartikeya-genuine-soul-and-lavanya-lucky-mascot-chaavu-kaburu-challaga-event-651073?amp |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=25 November 2021 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref> A cikin wata hira ta 2021 tare da 123telugu, Tripathi ta kira ''Chaavu Kaburu Challaga'' a matsayin "mafi kyawun rubutun" na aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2021 |title=Exclusive Interview : Lavanya Tripathi – Chaavu Kaburu Challaga is the best role of my career |url=https://www.123telugu.com/interviews/exclusive-interview-lavanya-tripathi-chaavu-kaburu-challaga-is-the-best-role-of-my-career.html/amp |access-date=28 October 2021 |website=123Telugu}}</ref> A kan hanyar da take takawa, ta ce, An sanya Tripathi a matsayi na 17 a cikin jerin mata masu ban sha'awa na Hyderabad Times na shekara ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 February 2017 |title=Hyderabad Times Most Desirable Woman 2016: Kajal Aggarwal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-desirable-woman-2016-kajal-aggarwal/articleshow/56854697.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007020958/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/most-desirable-woman-2016-kajal-aggarwal/articleshow/56854697.cms |archive-date=7 October 2017 |access-date=26 October 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref> Ita sananniya ce mai ba da tallafi ga samfuran da kayayyaki da yawa, gami da, Fair & Lovely da Binani Cement . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 December 2009 |title=Lavanya Tripathi |url=http://www.aboututtarakhand.com/Watch_Outs/Fashion/Questioner/Exclusive-Interview-With-Lavanya-Tripathi.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922205254/http://www.aboututtarakhand.com/Watch_Outs/Fashion/Questioner/Exclusive-Interview-With-Lavanya-Tripathi.html |archive-date=22 September 2018 |access-date=10 April 2013 |publisher=aboututtarakhand.com}}</ref> Ta kuma amince da man gashi na Tripura Herbal da man Gold Winner . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi launches Tripura Herbal hair oil as the brand ambassador |url=https://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/lavanyatripathi-tripuraherbalhairoil/pages/image044.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314230839/https://idlebrain.com/news/functions1/lavanyatripathi-tripuraherbalhairoil/pages/image044.html |archive-date=14 March 2023 |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=Idlebrain}}</ref> Ta yi aiki tare da [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] don "Amazon Festive Stylebook" Episode 5 a cikin 2021. Tripathi ya nuna kyawawan kyawawan kyaututtuka guda [[Amazon (kamfani)|huɗu]] ga mata tare da shawarwarin salon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amazon Festive Stylebook with Lavanya Tripathi Episode 5: 4 Fusion Festive Looks for Diwali |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/videos/events/amazon-festive-stylebook-lavanya-tripathi-episode-5-4-fusion-festive-looks-diwali-920169 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019055216/https://www.pinkvilla.com/videos/events/amazon-festive-stylebook-lavanya-tripathi-episode-5-4-fusion-festive-looks-diwali-920169 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Harshe ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2012 ! scope="row" |''Andala Rakshasi'' |Midhuna | rowspan="2" |[[Talgu|Telugu]] | | |- |2013 ! scope="row" |''Doosukeltha'' |Dokta Alekhya / Chinni{{Efn|Tripathi played a single character with two or more names.}} | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- | rowspan="2" |2014 ! scope="row" |''Bramman'' |Gayathri |Tamil | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- ! scope="row" |<nowiki><i id="mwAtg">Ba haka ba</i></nowiki> |Abokin Radha Mohan | rowspan="9" |Telugu |Bayyanar Cameo | |- |2015 ! scope="row" |''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy'' |Nandana "Nandu" Rao | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2021 |title=6 years of 'Bhale Bhale Magadivoy': reasons why you should definitely watch Nani and Lavanya Tripathi starrer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/6-years-for-bhale-bhale-magadivoy-5-reasons-why-you-should-definitely-watch-the-nani-and-lavanya-tripathi-starrer/etphotostory/85896725.cms |website=Times Of India}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2016 ! scope="row" |''Soggade Chinni Nayana'' |Seetha | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rajamani |first=Radhika |date=15 January 2016 |title=Lavanya on Soggade Chinni Nayana: I was skeptical about playing a married woman |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-was-skeptical-about-playing-a-married-woman/20160115.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923165034/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/i-was-skeptical-about-playing-a-married-woman/20160115.htm |archive-date=23 September 2016 |access-date=23 September 2016 |publisher=[[Rediff.com|Rediff]]}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Lacchimdeviki O Lekkundi'' |Devi / Umadevi / Ankallamma{{Efn|Tripathi played a single character with two or more names.}} | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- ! scope="row" |''Srirastu Subhamastu'' |Ananya "Anu" | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- | rowspan="5" |2017 ! scope="row" |''Mister'' |Chandramukhi | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- ! scope="row" |''Radha'' |Radha | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- ! scope="row" |''Yuddham Sharanam'' |Anjali | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-09-10 |title=Yuddham Sharanam box office collection day 1: Naga Chaitanya's film earns Rs 4 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/yuddham-sharanam-box-office-collection-day-1-naga-chaitanya-4837392/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226103236/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/yuddham-sharanam-box-office-collection-day-1-naga-chaitanya-4837392/ |archive-date=26 December 2019 |access-date=2019-12-26 |website=Indian Express}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi'' |Meghana "Maggie" | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2017 |title=Vunnadhi Okate Zindagi: Ram Pothineni, Lavanya Tripathi and Anupama Parameswaran starrer is a must watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vunnadhi-okate-zindagi-review-five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-the-movie/articleshow/61254667.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410131605/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vunnadhi-okate-zindagi-review-five-reasons-why-you-should-watch-the-movie/articleshow/61254667.cms |archive-date=10 April 2023 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Times Of India}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Maayavan'' |Dokta Aadhirai |Tamil | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- | rowspan="2" |2018 ! scope="row" |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |Shreya | rowspan="7" |Telugu | |{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2024}} |- ! scope="row" |''Antariksham 9000 KMPH'' |Parvathi "Paaru" | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2018 |title=From Jayam Ravi's Tik Tik Tik to Varun Tej's Antariksham, space genre earns mainstream acceptance in southern cinema |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-jayam-ravis-tik-tik-tik-to-varun-tejs-antariksham-space-genre-earns-mainstream-acceptance-in-southern-cinema-4639941.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028012600/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/from-jayam-ravis-tik-tik-tik-to-varun-tejs-antariksham-space-genre-earns-mainstream-acceptance-in-southern-cinema-4639941.html |archive-date=28 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-17 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> |- |2019 ! scope="row" |''Arjun Suravaram'' |Kavya | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2019 |title=Lucky to be part of Arjun Suravaram, says Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://telanganatoday.com/lucky-to-be-part-of-arjun-suravaram-says-lavanya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204191524/https://telanganatoday.com/lucky-to-be-part-of-arjun-suravaram-says-lavanya |archive-date=4 December 2019 |access-date=10 December 2019 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2021 ! scope="row" |''A1 Express'' |Lavanya Rao | | |- ! scope="row" |''Chaavu Kaburu Challaga'' |Mallika | | |- |2022 ! scope="row" |''Ranar Haihuwar Mai Farin Ciki'' |Pasupuleti Mai Farin Ciki / Pasupuleti Baby{{Efn|Tripathi played dual roles in the film.}} | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy Birthday teaser: Lavanya Tripathi shines in a crazy world where people live on the edge |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/happy-birthday-teaser-lavanya-tripathi-shines-crazy-world-where-people-live-edge-1138136 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708120750/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/happy-birthday-teaser-lavanya-tripathi-shines-crazy-world-where-people-live-edge-1138136 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |access-date=10 June 2022 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 | style="background:#ffc;" |''Sathi Leelavathi'' {{Dagger}} |Leela |Fim |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi, Dev Mohan-starrer ‘Sathi Leelavati’ launched, shoot begins |url=https://telanganatoday.com/lavanya-tripathi-dev-mohan-starrer-sathi-leelavati-launched-shoot-begins |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203150932/https://telanganatoday.com/lavanya-tripathi-dev-mohan-starrer-sathi-leelavati-launched-shoot-begins |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=3 February 2025 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref> |- | style="background:#ffc;" |''Thanal'' {{Dagger}} |TBA |Tamil |Bayan samarwa |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atharvaa and Lavanya Tripathi's next titled 'Thanal' - First poster out now! |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2023/Feb/11/atharvaas-next-titled-thanal-2546296.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203150932/https://www.newindianexpress.com/amp/story/entertainment/kannada/2023/feb/11/atharvaas-next-titled-thanal-2546296.html |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> |} === Talabijin === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Taken ! scope="col" |Matsayi ! scope="col" |Harshe ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Bayani ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |2006–2009 ! scope="row" |''Ssshhhh...Koi Hai'' | {{Unknown}} | rowspan="4" |Hindi |Matsayi na wasan kwaikwayo | |- |2008 ! scope="row" |''Ka Yi Kyau 5'' |Mai fafatawa |Matsayi na 9 | |- |2009–2010 ! scope="row" |''Pyaar Ka Bandhan'' |Mishti Das / Araina Rai | | |- |2010 ! scope="row" |''CID'' |Sakshi |Fim: Maut Ka Aashirvad | |- |2016 ! scope="row" |''Memu Saitham'' |Shi da kansa | rowspan="3" |Telugu |Kashi na 20 | |- |2023 ! scope="row" |''Puli Meka'' |Kiran Prabha IPS | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi to make OTT debut with ZEE5's web series 'Puli Meka' |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/lavanya-tripathi-to-make-ott-debut-with-puli-meka-web-series-121655616505805.html |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times Telugu]]}}</ref> |- |2024 ! scope="row" |''Miss Perfect'' |Lavanya Rao / Lakshmi{{Efn|Tripathi played a single character with two or more names.}} | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavanya Tripathi starrer web series Miss Perfect's first look OUT; marks first announcement post-wedding |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/lavanya-tripathi-starrer-web-series-miss-perfects-first-look-out-marks-first-announcement-post-wedding-with-varun-tej-1269054?amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104165318/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/lavanya-tripathi-starrer-web-series-miss-perfects-first-look-out-marks-first-announcement-post-wedding-with-varun-tej-1269054?amp |archive-date=4 January 2024 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref> |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Harshe !Mawallafa (s) ! class="unsortable" |Tabbacin. |- |2021 ! scope="row" |"Pottum Pogattume" |Aisha |Tamil |Sathyajita Ravi da Jen Martin |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sathya & Jen Martin - Pottum Pogattume with Arjun Das and Lavanya Tripathi |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MouGF8vG8EQ&t=670s&pp=2AGeBZACAQ%3D%3D |access-date=31 January 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> |} == Godiya gaisuwa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |Kyautar CineMAA |Mafi Kyawun Mata na Farko | rowspan="3" |''Andala Rakshasi''| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2013 |title=Nitya, Nag bag awards on star-studded night |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nitya-nag-bag-awards-on-starstudded-night/article4818019.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111122516/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/nitya-nag-bag-awards-on-starstudded-night/article4818019.ece |archive-date=11 January 2016 |access-date=16 September 2018 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Hyderabad Times |Sabon mai alkawari - Mata| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kasa da Kasa ta Kudancin Indiya |Mafi kyawun Mata na Farko - Telugu| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2013 |title=Dhanush, Shruti Haasan win top laurels at 2nd SIIMA Awards |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhanush-shruti-haasan-siima-awards-9792.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026162215/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/dhanush-shruti-haasan-siima-awards-9792.html |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=India TV News}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |IIFA Utsavam |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Telugu | rowspan="2" |''Bhale Bhale Magadivoy''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st IIFA Utsavam 2015 Nominees - Telugu |url=http://www.iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225101132/https://iifautsavam.com/nominees-tel.html |archive-date=25 December 2019 |access-date=10 July 2020 |website=IIFA Utsavam}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Zee Telugu Apsara |Tauraron Shekara Mai Girma| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Telugu Apsara Awards 2016 |url=https://timescontent.timesofindia.com/photo/south-indian-cinema/Apsara-Awards-2016/477602 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=India Times}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |Kyautar Filmfare ta Kudu |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Telugu | rowspan="3" |''Soggade Chinni Nayana''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Nominations for the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards South |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704171930/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=Filmfare}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Sakshi Excellence |Mafi Mashahuriyar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta Shekara| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=3rd Sakshi Excellence Awards Winners: Allu Arjun and Lavanya Tripathi win top awards |url=http://www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com/index.php?page=winners&pageid=9&subpageid=25&subsubpageid=72 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211165159/http://www.sakshiexcellenceawards.com/index.php?page=Winners&pageid=9&subpageid=25&subsubpageid=72 |archive-date=11 February 2018 |access-date=29 December 2017 |website=Sakshi Excellence Awards}}</ref> |- |Zee Cine Awards Telugu |Yarinya Ƙofar Shekara| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 |url=https://www.zee5.com/videos/details/zee-golden-awards-2017-full-event/0-0-movie_804856199 |access-date=29 November 2021 |website=Zee5}}</ref> |- |Kyautar Fim ta Kasa da Kasa ta Kudancin Indiya |Mafi kyawun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo - Telugu |''Srirastu Subhamastu''| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2017 |title=SIIMA 2017 Day 1: Jr NTR bags Best Actor, Kirik Party wins Best Film |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2017-jr-ntr-bags-best-actor-kirik-party-wins-best-film-1021817-2017-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180330143249/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2017-jr-ntr-bags-best-actor-kirik-party-wins-best-film-1021817-2017-07-01 |archive-date=30 March 2018 |access-date=19 January 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref> |- |2018 |Zee Cine Awards Telugu |Shahararren Fuska na Shekara| {{N/a}}| {{Won}} | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1990]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 2qrsxahj36380jy1eagv9v9f7zgat4r 0 97487 916059 883781 2026-09-04T11:51:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kaaya Christine Nakimwero,.jpg|thumb|Christine Nakimwero Kaaya babbar 'yar siyasa ce sannan kuma wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Kiboga a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. []] '''Christine Nakimwero Kaaya''' kuma an rubuta shi da Christine Kaaya Nakimwero ('''an haife ta a shekara ta 1979''') 'yar siyasa ce ta Uganda, 'yar majalisa, kuma wakiliyar mata ta gundumar Kiboga a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Know your MP-elect: Christine Kaaya Nakimwero |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/96709 |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kaaya Christine Nakimwero - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/kaaya-christine-nakimwero-10404/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sekanjako |first=Henry |date=2021 |title=PICTURES {{!}} Day Two: Sworn-in MPs say they are ready for work |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/amawulire/102754/ebifaananyi-nga-ttiimu-yabawala-eyomupiira-gw |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Bukedde |archive-date=2022-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405155741/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/amawulire/102754/ebifaananyi-nga-ttiimu-yabawala-eyomupiira-gw |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-12-09 |title=Parliament moots new law to streamline mining sector |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/parliament-moots-new-law-to-streamline-mining-sector/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs promise to front interests of their electorate as swearing ceremony enters day two |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/102752 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927105911/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/102752 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita mamba ce ta National Unity Platform (NUP). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-30 |title=NUP names 380 MP flag bearers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nup-names-380-mp-flag-bearers-2453360 |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-28 |title=FULL LIST: Winners, Losers As NUP Unveils MP Flagbearers for Central Region |url=https://theugandanwire.com/2020/09/28/full-list-winners-losers-as-nup-unveils-mp-flagbearers-for-central-region/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927105909/https://theugandanwire.com/2020/09/28/full-list-winners-losers-as-nup-unveils-mp-flagbearers-for-central-region/ |archive-date=2022-09-27 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=The Ugandan Wire}}</ref> Ta kasance mai fafutuka don jinsi, lafiya, yawan jama'a, da muhalli. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-28 |title=Two women seek to end Nankabirwa's 26-year grip on Kiboga District seat |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/elections/two-women-seek-to-end-nankabirwa-s-26-year-grip-on-kiboga-district-seat--2724128 |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nakimwero ita ce Ministar Ruwa da Muhalli na inuwar kuma tana aiki a kwamitin Majalisar Dokokin Canjin Sauyin yanayi da Kwamitin Albarkatun Ƙasa a majalisar dokoki ta goma sha ɗaya ta Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=COP26 Talks: Christine Kaaya Nakimwero, Shadow Minister for Water and Environment, Uganda |url=https://worldwarzero.com/magazine/2021/11/cop26-talks-christine-kaaya-nakimwero-shadow-minister-uganda/ |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=worldwarzero.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112192937/https://worldwarzero.com/magazine/2021/11/cop26-talks-christine-kaaya-nakimwero-shadow-minister-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-25 |title=FULL LIST : LOP Mathias Mpuuga names Shadow Cabinet |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210625/116287/full-list-lop-mathias-mpuuga-names-shadow-cabinet.html |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=World War |first=Zero |date=2022 |title=COP26 Talks: Christine Kaaya Nakimwero, Shadow Minister for Water and Environment, Uganda |url=https://kzpost.info/ex/iJllyc55r3l1iKc/cop26-talks-christine-kaaya-nakimwero-shadow-minister-for-water-and-environment-uganda |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=kzpost |archive-date=2022-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927115919/https://kzpost.info/ex/iJllyc55r3l1iKc/cop26-talks-christine-kaaya-nakimwero-shadow-minister-for-water-and-environment-uganda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Nakimwero a ƙaramar hukumar Bukomero a gundumar Kiboga. Nakimwero ta yi karatu a makarantar firamare ta St Joseph's da ke Mubende, Caltec Academy Makerere a Kampala, da St. Kizito High School Bethany da ke gundumar Mityana, ta kammala karatunta a [[jami'ar Makerere]] inda ta kammala digiri a fannin kula da muhalli. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> Ta yi Masters a fannin amfani da ƙasa da ci gaban yanki. <ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Nakimwero tsohuwar jami'iyar gandun daji ce a gundumar Kiboga. <ref name=":0"/> Nakimwero ta kasance mai gudanar da taron majalisar dokoki kan sauyin yanayi-Uganda (PFCC-U). Ita ce shugabar taron majalisar dokokin Uganda 20. Nakimwero memba ce a Kwamitin Hukunce-hukuncen Asusun Kula da Yanayi na Green. Ita ce shugabar kungiyar haɗin gwiwar Afirka kan ci gaban Green Growth. <ref name=":0" /> Nakimwero memba ce a kungiyar tattaunawa kan sauyin yanayi na Uganda a ƙarƙashin tsarin yarjejeniyar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan sauyin yanayi. <ref name=":0" /> Nakimwero memba ce a Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Masana Muhalli ta Ƙasa. <ref name=":0" /> Ta kuma zauna a kwamitin majalisar dokoki kan muhalli da albarkatun ƙasa.<ref name=":2"/> Nakimwero bata gamsu da shawarar da gwamnati ta bayar na gabatar da takara mai gasa ba a kan 'farko zuwa, fara aiki' yayin da take neman lasisin binciken bisa dalilin cewa ba shi da nasaba da jinsi kuma yana iya lalata sauran nau'ikan mutane masu rauni waɗanda ba su da sirrin irin waɗannan mahimman bayanai. Wannan shi ne lokacin da Ƙaramin Ministan Ma’adanai, Peter Lokeris, a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba, 2021, ya gabatar da daftarin kudurin dokar ma’adinai da ma’adanai, 2021 da aka daɗe ana jira ga kwamitin don tantancewa. Wannan kudiri na nufin soke dokar hakar ma'adinai, ta 2003 wacce ta zama 'rashin isasshe' kuma 'ba ta da amfani' wajen karewa da daidaita fannin hakar ma'adinai a Uganda. <ref name=":2"/> Nakimwero na daga cikin 'yan majalisar dokokin Uganda da suka yi watsi da kudurin dokar 2021 na ɗanyen mai na gabashin Afirka (EACOP). Ta gabatar da rahoton tsirarun majalisar ne a madadin Asinansi Nyakato (FDC), inda ‘yan adawar majalisar dokokin Uganda suka ce ba a binciki kudurin yadda ya kamata ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ssekika |first=Edward |date=2021-12-14 |title=Uganda: Why Opposition MPs Rejected the Oil Pipeline Bill |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202112140001.html |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran ayyuka == Nakimwero ta sayi sabuwar motar haya ga malaman makarantu masu zaman kansu a gundumar Kiboga don zama tushen samun kuɗin shiga saboda rashin aikin yi sama da shekaru biyu sakamakon rufe makarantu a cikin kulle-kullen COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lineaker |first=Kiggundu |date=2021-10-07 |title=NUP's Kiboga Woman MP Christine Kaaya buys a brand new taxi van for teachers in district |url=https://whispereye.co.ug/2021/10/07/nups-kiboga-woman-mp-christine-kaaya-buys-a-brand-new-taxi-van-for-teachers-in-district/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=Whisper Eye |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007041810/https://whispereye.co.ug/2021/10/07/nups-kiboga-woman-mp-christine-kaaya-buys-a-brand-new-taxi-van-for-teachers-in-district/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nakimwero ta mika dashen itatuwa dari biyu ga al’ummar Green Radio a yayin bikin tunawa da ranar muhalli ta duniya 2021 wanda ya gudana a ofisoshin gidan rediyon Gre da ke gundumar Kiboga kuma Manajan Tasha Julius Kyamanywa ya karɓe shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KIBOGA WOMAN MP GIVES TREE SEEDLINGS TO COMMUNITY GREEN RADIO AS THE WORLD MARKS WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY {{!}} COMMUNITY GREEN RADIO |url=https://www.greenradio.ug/kiboga-woman-mp-gives-tree-seedlings-to-community-green-radio-as-the-world-marks-world-environment-day/ |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=www.greenradio.ug |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519204540/https://www.greenradio.ug/kiboga-woman-mp-gives-tree-seedlings-to-community-green-radio-as-the-world-marks-world-environment-day/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nakimwero ta wakilci Uganda kan Tattaunawar [https://ukcop26.org/uk-presidency/what-is-a-cop/ COP26] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102035835/https://ukcop26.org/uk-presidency/what-is-a-cop/ |date=2021-11-02 }} da ta gudana a [[Glasgow]]. <ref name=":4"/> Ta kuma ja hankalin al’ummar ƙaramar hukumar Bukomero da ke gundumar Kiboga da su rika shuka abinci mai cike da sinadirai, a yayin wani horon da aka yi na koyawa mutane noman dankalin turawa. Ta shaida wa mutanen Kiboga cewa za a raba kurangar dankalin turawa kyauta daga sassa daban-daban na Kiboga ciki har da ƙaramar hukumar Lwamata. <ref>{{Cite web |title='Mwettanire okulima emmere eriimu ebiriisa' |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/114329123 |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Nakimwero ta yi aure kuma tana da yara <ref name=":0"/> == Duba kuma == * Jerin sunayen 'yan majalisar dokoki na goma sha daya na Uganda * Sauda Kauma * Helen Nakimuli * Majalisar Uganda * Dandalin Hadin Kai na Kasa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lwmi665f2zhuh3gs1e2z1hpryjbp005 0 100951 915690 898317 2026-09-03T18:06:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} == Rayuwar farko ==   '''An haifi Anne Nasimiyu Wasike''' a ranar 11 ga Yuni 1949 kuma ta rasu a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2018. Ita ce 'yar Matayo Wasike da Annastasia Nanyama. 'Yar'uwarta ce ga Priscah, Isaac, Sabina, Biriscilla, John, Immanuel, Chachi da Patrick. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=obituary |date=2018-02-27 |title=Sr. Professor Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, LSOSF |url=https://obituarykenya.co.ke/sr-professor-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/ |access-date=2020-06-20 |website=Obituary Kenya |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416193546/https://obituarykenya.co.ke/sr-professor-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ilimi == An fara karatun sakandaren Anne a [[Kwalejin Dutsen Saint Mary ta Namagunga|makarantar sakandare ta St. Mary, Namagunga, Lugazi, Uganda]] a 1973. Ta sami takardar shedar Ilimi ta Gabashin Afirka (EACE.) Daga baya Anne ta shiga Loreto Convent Msongari, Nairobi, Kenya a 1976. A Loreto, ta sami takardar shaidar ci gaba ta Gabashin Afirka (EAACE). Wasike ta kasance ƙwararriyar malami wadda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a fannin Falsafa da Tauhidi a 1981 daga Kwalejin Magdalen na Liberal Arts, Bedford, New Hampshire USA, Master of Arts a Ilimin Addini a Jami'ar Gannon, [[Pennsylvania]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da PhD a Tsarin Tauhidi daga Jami'ar Duquesne, Amurka. Ita ce mace ta farko a Afirka mai ilimin tauhidi da ta sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin tauhidi daga Jami'ar Duquesne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Read the FIRST, March 2018 |url=https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Read-The-FIRST--March-2018.html?soid=1109967780347&aid=twePbCKMT_s}}</ref> == Sana'a == Anne 'yar tauhidin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] ce 'yar [[Uganda]], 'yar'uwar addini, kuma marubucin littattafai da labarai kan ilimi, ɗa'a da ƙarfafa matalauta. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=In Gratitude for the Life and Witness of Sister Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike, LSOSF {{!}} Catholic Moral Theology |url=https://catholicmoraltheology.com/in-gratitude-for-the-life-and-witness-of-sister-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/ |access-date=2020-06-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Ta kasance editan wallafe-wallafe da yawa. Ta karantar a fagage kamar haka; Tiyolojin Tsari, Tiyolojin Ikilisiya, Tiyolojin 'Yanci, Haɓaka Sacraments, Tiyolojin Matan Afirka, Addinin Afirka, da Tsarin Imani a Kenya. Martanin Kirista Ga Al'amura Na Zamani. Ta kasance memba na Franciscan African Order of Nuns da ake kira " ''Ƙananan Sisters na St Francis." <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=States |first=[[Teresia Hinga]] {{!}} United |title=Remembering and Honoring Professor Sr. Anne Nasimiyu Wasike: A Concerned, Socially Engaged and (not so) Little Sr. of St Francis {{!}} Catholic Theological Ethics in the World Church |url=https://catholicethics.com/forum/remembering-and-honoring-professor-sr-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-a-concerned-socially-engaged-and-not-so-little-sr-of-st-francis/ |access-date=2020-06-20 |website=catholicethics.com}}</ref>'' Wasike ya yi jawabi a wani zama na musamman [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a shekara ta 2001 kan halin da mata da yara mata ke ciki a Afirka a lokacin da [[Kanjamau|cutar HIV/AIDS]] ke ciki. Ta kasance memba mai kafa Ecumenical Association of World Tauhidin Duniya na Uku . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Church loses dedicated nun, don who shaped gender perspectives |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/church-loses-dedicated-nun-don-who-shaped-gender-perspectives-16892 |access-date=2020-06-20 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Wasike ta kasance mamba ta kafa Circle of Concerned African Women Theology, kungiyar Pan African na matan Afirka da aka kafa karkashin jagorancin [[Rahama Oduyoye|Mercy Amber Oduyoye]] a 1989. An san wannan da'irar don kasancewa muryar annabci kamar yadda suke suna kuma suna kunyata jima'i a cikin coci da al'umma kuma suna gwagwarmaya musamman don kawo ƙarshen cin zarafi da cin zarafin mata. <ref name=":2"/> An ce ta kira duniya don gane da kuma amfani da ka'idar Afro-Kirista a matsayin hanya mai dacewa ta neman duniya mai rai da mutuntaka. <ref name=":3"/> Wasike ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Janar na Kananan Sisters na Saint Francis tare da hedkwatarsu a Nkokonjeru, Uganda a kan wa'adi biyu a kowace shekara shida: 1992 zuwa 1998 da 2010 zuwa 2016 <ref name=":2"/> Ta yi aiki a [[Jami'ar Kenyatta]], Kenya na tsawon shekaru 24 a cikin 1980s da 1990s a Sashen Nazarin Falsafa da Ilimi. Ta tashi daga lecturer zuwa cikakkiyar farfesa. An nada ta a matsayin daraktar harkokin dalibai kuma ta iya koyarwa da horar da dalibai da dama. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3"/> Ta kasance mai tsarawa kuma mai gudanarwa wanda ya tabbatar da ƙarfafa wasu ta hanyar ba su kayan aiki. <ref name=":2" /> == Labarai == Wasike ya rubuta wata mujalla mai suna ''Seeds of Mutuality in Mission: Response to Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike'' wadda aka fara bugawa a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2001 a matsayin labarin bincike. Mujallar ta zayyana kalubale da dama ga mutanen Yamma. Waɗannan sun haɗa da buƙatar samun ƙarin hankali da sanin wadata da sarƙaƙƙiya na al'adun Afirka. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 2001 |title=Seeds of Mutuality in Mission: Response to Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258172028 |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Houle |first=Carroll |date=January 2001 |title=Seeds of Mutuality in Mission: Response to Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_missiology_2001-01_29_1/page/55 |journal=Missiology: An International Review |language=en |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=55–61 |doi=10.1177/009182960102900104 |issn=0091-8296 |s2cid=180763498}}</ref> Wasike malami ne kuma malami na Tiyolojin Afirka da Addinai da Al'adun Afirka. Ta kasance mai shiga tsakani a cikin rukunin Sagana da ke yin taro kowace shekara don tattauna batutuwan da ke tasowa a Tiyolojin Kiristanci na Afirka da aiki. [https://arts.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/2020-07/jesse_mugambi_cv_march_2017.pdf Jesse N Mugambi], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Sagana, ya shirya kuma ya buga sakamakon shawarwarin, a ƙarƙashin jerin ƙalubale na Afirka (tauhidin). <ref name=":3"/> Ta koyar da darussa, da aka buga da kuma sauƙaƙe bincike da ake nufi don zurfafa wayar da kan jama'a da mutunta ruhin Afirka. Ta kasance zakara na abin da aka sani a da'ira na Katolika a matsayin "ilimin ilimin tauhidi". A cikin 1992, ta tsara ''batutuwan'' ''ɗabi'a'' da ɗabi'a a cikin Rubuce-rubucen Bincike na Kiristanci na Afirka a cikin Tiyolojin ɗabi'a, tare da J. N Mugambi wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kundin da yawa a cikin jerin ƙalubalen Afirka. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":0"/> == Mutuwa da gado == Wasike ya rasu ne bayan gajeruwar rashin lafiya, wanda ake zaton zazzabin cizon sauro ne. An binne ta a gidan mahaifiyarta da ke Nkokonjeru, wanda ke tsakiyar kasar Uganda a ranar 3 ga Maris 2018. <ref name=":1"/> Wani girmamawa ya bayyana a cikin ''Daily Nation'' a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 2018. <ref name=":3"/> [[Irimina Nungari]], wanda ya kasance magabacinta ne ya karrama ta a matsayin babban janar. Ita ma [[Cecilia Njeri]], shugabar ’yan uwa mata na Saint Francis, ta kuma yaba mata bisa yadda ta dauki nauyin tsara kundin tarihin majami’arsu da kuma tsara tsare-tsare masu inganci. <ref name=":2"/> == Littafi Mai Tsarki == *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |last=Nasimiyu |first=Anne J. |editor-last=Oduyoye |editor-first=Mercy Amba |editor2-last=Kanyoro |editor2-first=Musimbi R.A. |title=Polygamy: a feminist critique |journal=Will to Arise: Women, Tradition and the Church in Africa |language=en |pages=101–118 |oclc=40341819}} Labarin *   == Duba kuma == * [[Kwalejin Dutsen Saint Mary ta Namagunga|Kwalejin Mount St Mary's Namagunga]], Lugazi, [[Uganda]] * Soyayya Kawai: Tsari don Da'ar Jima'i ta Kirista * Margaret A. Farley == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Njoroge |first=Lawrence |date=26 February 2018 |title=Church loses dedicated nun, don who shaped gender perspectives |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/church-loses-dedicated-nun-don-who-shaped-gender-perspectives-16892 |access-date=24 May 2024}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1578 Ƙirƙirar tunanin Allah a cikin addinin gargajiya a kan Abagusii na Yammacin Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605100234/https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1578 |date=2024-06-05 }} * [https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/9021 Matsayin Makoki a cikin Harsunan Littafi Mai Tsarki na Afirka: Karatun Littafi Mai Tsarki Bayan Mulkin Mallaka tsakanin Gĩkũyũ Mutanen Kenya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416231725/https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/9021 |date=2024-04-16 }} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hxn1BgAAQBAJ&dq=Anne+Nasimiyu+Wasike&pg=PA286 Sake tunanin Kiristiyoyin Afirka: Tattaunawa tare da Fassarorin] * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009182960102900103?legid=spmis%3B29%2F1%2F45&patientinform-links=yes& Shin Mutu'a Zai Yiwuwa?] [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009182960102900103?legid=spmis%3B29%2F1%2F45&patientinform-links=yes& Martanin Afirka] {{Authority control}} <references /> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2018]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e68tetvzqmujz3vq93fq5k547lsylbq 0 101478 915575 715008 2026-09-03T15:42:03Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 915575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} A ranar 10 ga Fabrairun 1947 ne aka rattaba hannu kan '''yarjejeniyar Paris tsakanin Italiya da Ƙungiyoyin Ƙarfafawa''', wadda ta kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali tsakanin bangarorin biyu. Ya fara aiki na gabaɗaya akan 15 Satumba 1947.<ref name="criminal law">{{Cite book|title=International Criminal Law Deskbook |editor1=Grant, John P. |editor2=J. Craig Barker |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzwrG74gwzUC&q=treaty+of+peace+with+italy+1947&pg=PA130|publisher=Cavendish Publishing|place=Routledge|year=2006|page=130|isbn= 9781859419793}}</ref> == Canje-canjen yanki == [[Fayil:France-Italy_Boundary_-_1947.jpg|thumb|482x482px| Iyakar Faransa da Italiya bayan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya]] * Canja wurin tsibirin Adriatic na Cres, Lošinj, Lastovo da Palagruža; na Istria kudu da kogin Mirna; na [[Zadar, Croatia|yankin Zadar]] da ke Dalmatiya; na birnin [[Rijeka]] da yankin da aka fi sani da Maris na Julian zuwa Jamhuriyyar gurguzu ta Yugoslavia; * Canja wurin tsibirin Italiya na Aegean zuwa Masarautar Girka; * Canja wurin zuwa Faransa na Briga da Tenda, da ƙananan bita na kan iyakar Franco-Italiya. * Amincewa da 'yancin kai na Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Albania da kuma canjawa zuwa Albaniya na tsibirin Sazan; * Renunciation na da'awar zuwa Habasha da kuma maido da daular Habasha; * Sake da'awar mulkin mallaka (ciki har da [[Libya]], [[Italian Eritrea|Eritriya]] da Somaliland ) da rugujewar Daular Italiya; * Soke yarjejeniyoyin kasuwanci masu kyau da Jamhuriyar Sin (ciki har da dakatar da yarjejeniyar a Tianjin da Italiya ta yi tun ranar 7 ga Satumba 1901) * An haɗa Trieste da kewayen cikin sabuwar ƙasa mai zaman kanta mai suna Free Territory of Trieste. A cikin 1954, an mika ragamar mulkin Yankin 'Yanci ga Gwamnatin Italiya, yayin da aka ba da wa'adin Sojan Yugoslavia ga Gwamnatin Yugoslavia tare da Yarjejeniyar Fahimtar London game da Yankin 'Yanci na Trieste. An tsara wannan ta 1975 Yarjejeniyar Osimo. * Kamar yadda Annex XI na Yarjejeniyar ta bayar, bisa shawarar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kuduri mai lamba 390 (V) na ranar 2 ga Disamba 1950, Eritrea ta hade da Habasha a ranar 11 ga Satumba 1952. Eritrea ta sami 'yencin kanta daga Habasha a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1991 da de jure a ranar 24 ga Mayu 1993. Somaliland Somaliland tana karkashin gwamnatin Burtaniya har zuwa 1949 lokacin da ta zama yankin Amintattun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a karkashin gwamnatin Italiya . Italian Somaliland hade da British Somaliland a ranar 1 ga Yuli 1960 kuma tare suka zama [[Somaliya|Jamhuriyar Somaliya]]. == Gyarawa == An wajabta wa Italiya ta biya diyya na yaƙi masu zuwa (shafi na 74): : $125,000,000 Amurka zuwa Yugoslavia : $105,000,000 Amurka zuwa Girka : $100,000,000 Amurka ga Tarayyar Soviet : $25,000,000 Amurka zuwa Habasha : $5,000,000 zuwa Albaniya An kimanta adadin a dalar Amurka a daidai gwal a ranar 1 ga Yulin 1946 ($ 35 na oza ɗaya na zinariya). Za a biya diyya a cikin kayayyaki da ayyuka na tsawon shekaru bakwai. == Maganar soja == Mataki na 47 da na 48 sun yi kira da a ruguza duk wani katanga na dindindin da ke kan iyakar Faransa da Italiya da Yugoslavia da Italiya. An dakatar da Italiya daga mallaka, gini ko gwaji da [[makaman nukiliya]], makamai masu linzami masu shiryarwa, bindigogi masu kewayon sama da kilomita 30, nakiyoyin sojan ruwa da ba sa tuntuɓar ma'adinan sojan ruwa da torpedoes da kuma torpedoes (shafi na 51). Sojojin Italiya an iyakance su. An ba Italiya izinin iyakar manyan tankuna 200 masu nauyi da matsakaita (shafi na 54). An hana tsofaffin hafsoshi da ƙwararrun hafsoshi na Blackshirts da Sojojin Jamhuriya na Ƙasa daga zama hafsoshi ko marasa aikin soja a cikin sojan Italiya (sai dai waɗanda kotunan Italiya ta wanke, labarin 55). An rage yawan sojojin ruwan Italiya. An ba da wasu jiragen ruwa na yaƙi ga gwamnatocin Tarayyar Soviet, Amurka, Burtaniya da Faransa (shafi na 56 da 57). An umurci Italiya da ta rushe dukkan jiragen ruwanta na karkashin ruwa (shafi na 58) kuma an dakatar da shi daga samun sabbin jiragen yaki, jiragen ruwa da jiragen ruwa (shafi na 59). Sojojin ruwa sun iyakance ga iyakar ma'aikata 25,000 (lashi na 60). Sojojin Italiya sun iyakance ga girman ma'aikata 185,000 tare da 65,000 Carabinieri don iyakar adadin ma'aikatan 250,000 (shafi na 61). Rundunar sojojin saman Italiya ta iyakance ga mayaka 200 da jiragen bincike da jiragen sama 150 na sufuri, ceton iska, horo da jirage masu saukar ungulu kuma an hana su mallaki da sarrafa jiragen bama-bamai (shafi na 64). An iyakance adadin ma'aikatan sojojin sama zuwa 25,000 (shafi na 65). Yawancin hane-hane na soja an ɗage kan Italiya ta zama memba ta [[NATO]] a 1949. == Maganar siyasa == Mataki na 17 na yerjejeniyar ya haramta kungiyoyin farkisanci ("ko dai na siyasa, soja, ko na soja") a Italiya. == Annexes == Ƙaddamar da yarjejeniyar da ta biyo baya ta tanadi ikon cin gashin kan al'adu na tsirarun Jamus a Kudancin Tyrol . == Girka-Turkiyya dangantakar == Mataki na 14 na yarjejeniyar ya ba da tsibirin Italiya a cikin Aegean zuwa Girka kuma ya kara da cewa "za su kasance kuma za su ci gaba da kasancewa ba tare da soja ba". Turkiyya ita ce kasa ta uku da aka yi niyya don cin gajiyar yarjejeniyar kawar da soja ta doka (Convention of Treaties, art. 36(2)). Turkiyya ba ta da wani matsayi wajen sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da ta mika Rhodes ga kasar Girka, domin duk Dodecanese Turkiyya ta mika wa Italiya tare da yarjejeniyar farko ta Lausanne (wanda aka fi sani da "Yarjejeniyar Ouchy" don hana rudani da Yarjejeniyar Lausanne ) ta 1912 amma ta bukaci kawar da wadannan tsibiran a taron zaman lafiya da aka yi a Lausanne 1923. A ƙarshe an shigar da wannan a cikin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Paris na 1947, wanda Turkiyya ba ta shiga cikinta. == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210507200222/https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/m-ust000004-0311.pdf Cikakken rubutun yarjejeniyar (Rubutun Faransanci, Ingilishi da Rashanci suna da inganci) - hanyar haɗin yanar gizo] . [[Rukuni:Mulkin Mallaka]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 67gy2eqg4ea462fgn9b9pn2jz8pzs0p 0 101592 915938 660196 2026-09-04T05:10:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} The '''Black Liberation Front''' (BLF) ƙungiyar baƙar fata ce, [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] and [[Tsarin zamantakewar Afirka|African socialist]] organist a United Kingdom, aiki daga 1971 zuwa 1993.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sigaud |first=J. |date=2020-10-17 |title=Black Liberation Front, 1971-1993 - A Blue Print for Activism Today |url=https://editionbhm.com/2020/10/17/the-black-liberation-front-1971-1993/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=EDITIONS Black History Month, Magazines, Windrush 75, Newsletters & Publications© |language=en-US}}</ref> An dauke ta daya daga cikin mafi tasiri kungiyoyin Black Power a Birtaniya, kuma an fuskanci barazana da hare-hare daga National Front, kai hare-hare a kafofin watsa labarai, cin zarafi daga 'yan sanda, da kuma jihar sa ido. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Black Liberation Front + Q&A |url=https://blackhistorywalks.co.uk/talks/the-black-liberation-front-qa/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Black History Walks |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2021-04-12 |title=VIRTUAL: The Black Liberation Front Q&A |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/institute-of-advanced-studies/events/2021/jun/virtual-black-liberation-front-qa |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Institute of Advanced Studies (IAS) |language=en}}</ref> An shiga cikin ƙarin makarantu, gidaje masu araha, tallafi ga fursunoni, da shagunan litattafai na al'umma, musamman a London. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Black Liberation Front |url=https://www.younghistoriansproject.org/blackliberationfront-old |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=younghistoriansproje |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201192840/https://www.younghistoriansproject.org/blackliberationfront-old |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mafi sirri fiye da British Black Panthers, yawancin membobinsu sun kasance ba a san su ba. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Black Power Movement |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-black-power-movement/owVxDSDJDD4gIA |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> An san Tony Soares a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=OLD BLF Exhibition |url=https://www.younghistoriansproject.org/blf-exhibition |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=younghistoriansproje |language=en |archive-date=2024-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201192840/https://www.younghistoriansproject.org/blf-exhibition |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sauran sanannun membobin sun hada da Joan Anim-Addo, Jackie Daniel, Lennox Drayton, Terry Rocque, NNA Pepukayi, Desrie Thomson-George, Winston Trew, Tee White da Ansel Wong . <ref name=":3" /> Kamar sauran ƙungiyoyin siyasar Baƙar fata na Burtaniya na lokacin, amma ba kamar takwarorinsu na Amurka ba, BLF ta rungumi Baƙar fata ta siyasa - wakiltar mutanen Afirka, Asiya da Caribbean. BLF tana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin Pan-African a duk duniya, galibi suna aika kuɗi zuwa Afirka, kuma ta taimaka wajen shirya bukukuwan [[Ranar Afirka|ranar 'yanci na Afirka]] a shekarun 1970 da 1980. BLF ta gudanar da rumfunan titi don sayar da littattafai da fastoci, gami da ɗaya akan titin Acklam, kusa da Westway, North Kensington . Sun kuma buga ''Jaridar Grassroots'', wanda sau da yawa ya nuna ayyukan kirkire-kirkire tare da labarai kan ƙungiyoyin mulkin mallaka a baya a Afirka da Caribbean. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2"/> == Tarihi == BLF ta fito ne daga reshen Arewa da Yammacin London na British Black Panthers Movement (BBPM) a farkon 1971. <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Angelo |first=Anne-Marie |date=2018 |title='Black Oppressed People All over the World Are One': The British Black Panthers' Grassroots Internationalism, 1969–73 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/jcivihumarigh.4.1.0064 |journal=Journal of Civil and Human Rights |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=64–97 |doi=10.5406/jcivihumarigh.4.1.0064 |issn=2378-4245}}</ref> Waɗannan tsoffin membobin BLF sun yi niyya don ƙaura daga tsattsauran ra'ayin Marxist-Leninism na BBPM zuwa gabaɗayan mayar da hankali kan damuwar masu aiki na Baƙar fata, suna jawo wasu wahayi daga kishin al'adun Baƙar fata. <ref name=":5" /> Tony Soares, wanda a baya ya kasance wani bangare na reshen BBPM na Arewacin Landan, ya ce Panthers sun zama "kungiyoyin Marxist da Trotskyite sun kutsa kai" wanda talakawa ba za su yi la'akari da shi ba. A baya ya buga kwafin jawabin [[Stokely Carmichael]] a matsayin ''Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Afro-Asian'' a London a cikin 1967, kuma daga baya zai taimaka wa reshen Arewacin London na BBPM ya zama Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Baƙar fata. <ref name=":6" /> Maimakon juyin-juya hali a Biritaniya, BLF ta mayar da hankali kan "rayuwa ga Bakaken fata a Biritaniya da zamantakewar al'umma a yankunansu". <ref name=":6" /> A cikin Afrilu 1971, jim kadan bayan kafa, BLF ta gudanar da wani taro a Methodist Central Hall, Westminster tare da BBPM da Black Unity and Freedom Party (BUFP). Ba'amurke Panther George Jackson ya yi jawabi a wurin taron, wanda ya tara fam 2,000 kuma ya jawo masu sauraro dubu uku. <ref name=":5"/> A cikin Nuwamba 1971, dan gwagwarmayar kare hakkin jama'a na Amurka Robert F. Williams ya rubuta wa Soares don goyon baya, yana neman BLF don nuna rashin amincewa da fitar da shi daga Ann Arbor, Michigan, zuwa [[North Carolina]] . BLF ta yi zanga-zangar a wajen ofishin jakadancin Amurka don wayar da kan duniya game da halin da ake ciki, kodayake a ƙarshe an mika Williams a 1975. <ref name=":5" /> A cikin 1972, Fasimbas ( lit. ' ) sun haɗu cikin BLF. An kafa shi a cikin 1970, Fasimbas asalin su ne reshen matasa na Ƙungiyar Iyaye ta Kudu maso Gabashin London (SELPO), kuma sun ba da ƙarin ilimi, darussan kare kai, da wasan kwaikwayo ga matasa Baƙar fata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prescod |first=Colin |date=2011-10-31 |title=Book Review: Black for a Cause … Not Just Because … |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0306396811414494 |journal=Race & Class |language=en |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=97–100 |doi=10.1177/0306396811414494 |issn=0306-3968 |url-access=subscription |via=Sage Journals}}</ref> [[Fayil:London,_North_Kensington_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1977.jpg|thumb| 71 Golborne Road (na biyu a hannun dama), hedkwatar BLF daga 1986]] An kafa BLF a Titin Golborne 61 har zuwa 1986, lokacin da ta koma 71 Golborne Road. Gidan titin Golborne ya hada da kanti na jaridar BLF ''Grassroots'' . <ref name="blackcultural">{{Cite web |date=23 February 2022 |title=Collection: Black Liberation Front Publications |url=https://collections.blackculturalarchives.org/repositories/2/resources/29 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=collections.blackculturalarchives.org |publisher=[[Black Cultural Archives]]}}</ref> == Ilimi == BLF ta damu musamman da [[Rashin daidaito a ilimi|rashin daidaiton ilimi a Burtaniya]] . Saboda littattafan da baƙar fata suka rubuta suna da matukar wahala a samo asali a Landan a lokacin, BLF ta kafa shagunan littattafai guda uku cike da tarihin Baƙar fata, Baƙar fata da wallafe-wallafen Baƙar fata. Kantin sayar da Grassroots akan Ladbroke Grove yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shagunan litattafai, kuma ya zama cibiyar al'umma. Shagon litattafai na Operation Headstart ya ba da bayanai ga matasa kuma a karshen mako, masu aikin sa kai suna gudanar da azuzuwan lissafi, Turanci da tarihin baƙar fata a wurin. <ref name=":0"/> Tana da wata ’yar’uwa ta matasa mai suna Fasimbas. <ref name=":3"/> == Tushen ciyawa == ''Grassroots: Black Community News'' (wani lokaci mai salo ''Tushen Tushen'' ) ita ce jaridar BLF. Ya gudana daga 1978-1986, kuma ana samunsa a biranen Burtaniya. == Tsarin walwala da gidaje == BLF ta gudanar da tsare-tsare na jindadin fursunoni, da kuma tsare-tsare don tallafawa matan Baƙar fata. A cikin 1977, BLF ta kafa ƙungiyar Ujima Housing Association don magance matsalolin da suka shafi wariya a cikin gidaje, mai da hankali musamman ga matasa da iyaye mata. A cikin 1988, Ujima ta buɗe mafaka ga mata baƙi waɗanda ke guje wa tashin hankalin gida . A shekara ta 2008, lokacin da aka haɗa Ujima zuwa London da Quadrant, an kiyasta kadarorinta a kan fam biliyan biyu. == Gado == Ƙungiyar ita ce abin da aka fi mayar da hankali ga aikin Baƙar fata na Siyasa na Baƙar fata ''a Biritaniya - The Black Liberation Front (BLF) 1971-1994'' da Steve McQueen's ''Small Axe.'' <ref name=":3"/> == Kara karantawa == * Trew, Winston N. ''Black don Dalili.'' Derbyshire: Derwent Press, 2010. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p2mmu89t2yhote6cy38hicu1ua8o4f6 0 101812 915965 883530 2026-09-04T08:23:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Effects_of_Displacement_due_to_climate_change.jpg|thumb| Mutanen da ke zaune a sansanonin tsugunar da jama'a bayan da aka yi gudun hijira saboda bala'in canjin yanayi.]] '''Sauyin yanayi''' al'amari ne na duniya wanda ke da fa'ida da tasiri mai zurfi a bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar dan adam. Bayan sanannun sakamakon muhalli, canjin yanayi yana tasiri sosai ga lafiyar ɗan adam, gami da yanayin lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa da haƙƙoƙin (SRHRs). Babu inda waɗannan tasirin suka fi fitowa fili fiye da na [[Afirka]], nahiya da ke da rauni musamman ga tasirin sauyin yanayi saboda yanayin zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙin ƙasa, da yanayin muhalli. Fahimtar haɗin kai tsakanin sauyin yanayi da SRHRs yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka cikakkun dabarun dabaru don magance waɗannan ƙalubalen da ke da alaƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=How Does Fighting Climate Change Help Protect Sexual and Reproductive Health? |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/climate-change-sexual-reproductive-health-women/ |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> A cewar Cibiyar Ci Gaban Dorewa ta Duniya (IISD), sauyin yanayi yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga lafiyar jima'i da haifuwa da haƙƙoƙin ( [[Haƙƙoƙin lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa|SRHRs]] ) a Afirka. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa shingen tabbatar da SRHR yana hana ci gaba zuwa [[daidaiton jinsi]] kuma yana iya hana ayyukan yanayi. A lokaci guda, tasirin canjin yanayi na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga SRHR, alal misali, ta hanyar katsewa a cikin ayyukan jima'i da kiwon lafiyar haihuwa wanda ya haifar da matsanancin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate Change and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: Exploring the Linkages |url=https://www.iisd.org/projects/climate-change-and-srhr |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=International Institute for Sustainable Development |language=en}}</ref> == Tasirin Canjin Yanayi akan SRHRs == Matsanancin yanayi na iya rage samun damar yin amfani da sabis na SRHR, kamar yadda irin wannan yana ƙara yawan halayen halayen jima'i da kuma haifar da farkon jima'i na farko, mafi yawan cututtuka na cututtuka, da cin zarafi da amfani da jima'i <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Burns |first=Paul A. |last2=Mutunga |first2=Clive |date=2024 |title=Addressing the Impact of Climate Change on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries |url=https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/1/e2300374#:~:text=The%20uprooting%20of%20communities%20due,particularly%20for%20AGYW%20in%20LMICs |journal=Global Health: Science and Practice |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=e2300374 |doi=10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00374 |pmc=10906547 |pmid=38365281 |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2025-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616223355/https://www.ghspjournal.org/content/12/1/e2300374#:~:text=The%20uprooting%20of%20communities%20due,particularly%20for%20AGYW%20in%20LMICs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sauyin yanayi na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar mata da kuma haifar da yanayi wanda zai haifar da karuwa a cikin tashin hankali na jinsi, ciki har da ayyuka masu cutarwa irin su auren yara . Wani bincike da aka yi a kasashe 21 da ke kudu da hamadar Saharar Afirka wanda ya kunshi masu amsa kusan 300,000 da suka yi nazari kan illar da ke tattare da karuwar zafin jiki na dogon lokaci a kan cutar kanjamau, ya nuna cewa an dade ana fama da fari yana da alaka da karuwar cutar kanjamau da sauran cututtukan STI. Har ila yau, binciken ya nuna cewa fari na iya yin tasiri ga mutanen da ke zaune a yankunan karkara, ƙananan ƙananan shekaru, da kuma ƙara yawan shiga cikin jima'i <ref name=":0" /> Sakamakon sauyin yanayi yana da bambanci, mai tsanani, kuma an yi hasashen zai kara tsananta a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Ko da an kiyaye canjin yanayin zafi daidai da [[yarjejeniyar Paris]] (wato iyakance yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa zuwa ƙasa 2&nbsp;° C, kuma zai fi dacewa ƙasa da 1.5&nbsp;°C, idan aka kwatanta da matakan masana'antu kafin masana'antu), za a sami tasiri mai mahimmanci akan bambancin halittu, [[Ma'adanai na ruwa|wadatar ruwa]], [[Tsaron abinci|amincin abinci]], da lafiya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoegh-Guldberg |first=O. |last2=Jacob |first2=D. |last3=Bindi |first3=M. |last4=Brown |first4=S. |last5=Camilloni |first5=I. |last6=Diedhiou |first6=A. |last7=Djalante |first7=R. |last8=Ebi |first8=K. |last9=Engelbrecht |first9=F. |last10=Guiot |first10=J. |last11=Hijioka |first11=Y. |last12=Mehrotra |first12=S. |last13=Payne |first13=A. |last14=Seneviratne |first14=S. I. |last15=Thomas |first15=A. |date=2018 |title=Impacts of 1.5°C Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems |url=https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/311749}}</ref> === Tasirin Mata da Yan Mata === Sakamakon sauyin yanayi yana shafar mata da 'yan mata da yawa, wadanda galibi ke daukar nauyin sakamakonsa. Lokacin da bala'o'i masu alaka da yanayi suka afku, mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar matsanancin rauni, wanda ke jefa su cikin haɗarin cin zarafin mata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=ISSAfrica.org |title=African women bear the brunt of climate change |url=https://issafrica.org/pscreport/psc-insights/african-women-bear-the-brunt-of-climate-change |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=ISS Africa |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya fi muni ta yadda ake yin watsi da lamuran lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa yayin bala'i. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Behrman |first=Julia Andrea |last2=Weitzman |first2=Abigail |date=March 2016 |title=Effects of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake on Women's Reproductive Health |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00045.x |journal=Studies in Family Planning |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=3–17 |doi=10.1111/j.1728-4465.2016.00045.x |issn=0039-3665 |pmid=27027990 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kaura daga gidajensu na iya haifar da aurar da yara mata da wuri yayin da iyalansu ke fafutukar ciyar da su. Auren yara yana fallasa 'yan mata ga babban haɗari na tashin hankalin abokan zama saboda rashin daidaituwar iko a cikin waɗannan alaƙa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Explainer: How gender inequality and climate change are interconnected |url=https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/explainer/2022/02/explainer-how-gender-inequality-and-climate-change-are-interconnected |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=UN Women – Headquarters |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya samo asali ne daga ƙa'idodin al'adu waɗanda ke ba wa mata da yara damar rage ikon yanke shawara da kuma ikon ƙaura yayin fuskantar canjin yanayi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Juran |first=Luke |last2=Trivedi |first2=Jennifer |date=2015-10-01 |title=Women, Gender Norms, and Natural Disasters in Bangladesh |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12089.x |journal=Geographical Review |language=en |volume=105 |issue=4 |pages=601–611 |bibcode=2015GeoRv.105..601J |doi=10.1111/j.1931-0846.2015.12089.x |issn=0016-7428 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Babban sakamako na sauyin yanayi a kan SRHRs ya kasance batun bincike a [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambik|Mozambique]], da [[Sahel]] . Nazarin ya gano cewa mata da 'yan mata suna fuskantar iyakacin samun sabis na kiwon lafiya a yayin bala'o'in da suka shafi yanayi. Rashin kayan aiki, kamar ruwa mai tsafta da kayan aikin haila, yana kara kawo musu cikas wajen tafiyar da lafiyarsu cikin mutunci. <ref name="esaro.unfpa.org">{{Cite web |date=2019-09-02 |title=Climate change disproportionately affects women and young girls – and here's why |url=https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/news/climate-change-disproportionately-affects-women-and-young-girls-%E2%80%93-and-heres-why |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=UNFPA ESARO |language=en}}</ref> Wadannan munanan tasirin suna jin mafi yawan 'yan mata da mata, da kuma daidaikun mutanen da suka riga sun fuskanci shinge da yawa don fahimtar SRHR. Musamman, matasa; ma'aikatan jima'i; mutanen da ke da nakasa; ko kuma waɗanda ba a ba da izini ba game da yanayin jima'i, asalin jinsi, bayyanar jinsi, da halayen jima'i suna fuskantar manyan shingen samun damar bayanai da sabis na SRHR, gami da cikin saitunan jin kai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=THE LINK BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS |url=https://womendeliver.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Climate-Change-Report.pdf}}</ref> === Takamaiman Tasiri kan Lafiyar Mata === Canjin yanayi yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin wadataccen abinci kuma saboda haka yana tasiri lafiyar mata. Hakan ya faru ne saboda illar tattalin arziki da canjin yanayi ke haifarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosen |first=Joseph G. |last2=Mulenga |first2=Drosin |last3=Phiri |first3=Lyson |last4=Okpara |first4=Natasha |last5=Brander |first5=Caila |last6=Chelwa |first6=Nachela |last7=Mbizvo |first7=Michael T. |date=December 2021 |title="Burnt by the scorching sun": climate-induced livelihood transformations, reproductive health, and fertility trajectories in drought-affected communities of Zambia |journal=BMC Public Health |language=en |volume=21 |issue=1 |page=1501 |doi=10.1186/s12889-021-11560-8 |issn=1471-2458 |pmc=8335992 |pmid=34344335 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Misali, a lokacin yunwar Habasha na 1984-1985, an ba da rahoton cewa mata da jarirai sun fi mutuwa saboda rashin adalci wajen samun albarkatun abinci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kidane |first=Asmerom |date=1989-08-01 |title=Demographic consequences of the 1984–1985 Ethiopian famine |url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/demography/article/26/3/515/171273/Demographic-consequences-of-the-1984-1985 |journal=Demography |language=en |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=515–522 |doi=10.2307/2061610 |issn=0070-3370 |jstor=2061610 |pmid=2792486 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Musamman, a Afirka, ana samun karuwar rashin abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sorensen |first=Cecilia |last2=Murray |first2=Virginia |last3=Lemery |first3=Jay |last4=Balbus |first4=John |date=2018-07-10 |title=Climate change and women's health: Impacts and policy directions |journal=PLOS Medicine |language=en |volume=15 |issue=7 |pages=e1002603 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002603 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=6038986 |pmid=29990343 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan yana haifar da mummunan sakamako akan lafiyar yara. A fadin kasashen Afirka 19 sauyin yanayi ya haifar da raguwar nauyin haihuwa saboda karancin abinci mai gina jiki ga mata masu juna biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thiede |first=Brian C. |last2=Ronnkvist |first2=Sara |last3=Armao |first3=Anna |last4=Burka |first4=Katrina |date=March 2022 |title=Climate anomalies and birth rates in sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10584-021-03273-z |journal=Climatic Change |language=en |volume=171 |issue=1–2 |page=5 |bibcode=2022ClCh..171....5T |doi=10.1007/s10584-021-03273-z |issn=0165-0009 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, a lokuta na bala'i, mata suna iya samun sakamako mara kyau na haifuwa wanda ya kama daga haihuwa da wuri zuwa preeclampsia. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tong |first=Van T. |last2=Zotti |first2=Marianne E. |last3=Hsia |first3=Jason |date=April 2011 |title=Impact of the Red River Catastrophic Flood on Women Giving Birth in North Dakota, 1994–2000 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10995-010-0576-9 |journal=Maternal and Child Health Journal |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=281–288 |doi=10.1007/s10995-010-0576-9 |issn=1092-7875 |pmid=20204482 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Tasirin ya fi muni ta hanyar cututtuka masu yaduwa da sauri tare da raunin kayan aiki da ƙarancin aikin gona. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blakstad |first=Mia M |last2=Smith |first2=Emily R |date=December 2020 |title=Climate change worsens global inequity in maternal nutrition |journal=The Lancet Planetary Health |language=en |volume=4 |issue=12 |pages=e547–e548 |doi=10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30246-1 |pmid=33278369 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A duk faɗin yankunan yammacin Afirka, tsakiyar Afirka, da gabashi da kudancin Afirka, an rubuta yaran da aka haifa daga iyaye mata masu fama da zazzabin cizon sauro sun ninka sau biyu. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012 |title='Turn down the heat,' warns World Bank report on climate change |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.5.026546 |journal=Physics Today |issue=11 |page=17178 |bibcode=2012PhT..2012k7178. |doi=10.1063/pt.5.026546 |issn=1945-0699 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> === Cututtukan da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i === Rashin tsaro da ke haifar da matsanancin yanayi na iya haifar da haɓakar halayen jima'i masu haɗari, gami da ƙarancin jima'i da kwaroron roba da jima'i na mu'amala wanda ke haifar da yaduwar cututtuka da cututtukan jima'i. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burke |first=Marshall |last2=Gong |first2=Erick |last3=Jones |first3=Kelly |date=2014-08-21 |title=Income Shocks and HIV in Africa |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12149 |journal=The Economic Journal |volume=125 |issue=585 |pages=1157–1189 |doi=10.1111/ecoj.12149 |issn=0013-0133}}</ref> Wani bincike da aka yi game da mutane 300,000 a yankin kudu da hamadar Sahara ya nuna cewa hakan ya haifar da karuwar kamuwa da cutar STI da HIV musamman a tsawon lokaci na fari da kuma yawan zafin jiki na dogon lokaci. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nagata |first=Jason M. |last2=Hampshire |first2=Karly |last3=Epstein |first3=Adrienne |last4=Lin |first4=Feng |last5=Zakaras |first5=Jennifer |last6=Murnane |first6=Pamela |last7=Charlebois |first7=Edwin D. |last8=Tsai |first8=Alexander C. |last9=Nash |first9=Denis |last10=Weiser |first10=Sheri D. |date=2022-09-08 |title=Analysis of Heavy Rainfall in Sub-Saharan Africa and HIV Transmission Risk, HIV Prevalence, and Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2005-2017 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.30282 |journal=JAMA Network Open |volume=5 |issue=9 |pages=e2230282 |doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.30282 |issn=2574-3805 |pmc=9459663 |pmid=36074468}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari kuma binciken ya nuna cewa ƙananan yara suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yayin jima'i. Wani bincike da aka gudanar a kasar Lesotho ya kuma nuna cewa yara mata matasa na fuskantar karin kashi 11% na kamuwa da cutar kanjamau sakamakon matsalar fari. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Low |first=Andrea J. |last2=Frederix |first2=Koen |last3=McCracken |first3=Stephen |last4=Manyau |first4=Salome |last5=Gummerson |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Radin |first6=Elizabeth |last7=Davia |first7=Stefania |last8=Longwe |first8=Herbert |last9=Ahmed |first9=Nahima |last10=Parekh |first10=Bharat |last11=Findley |first11=Sally |last12=Schwitters |first12=Amee |date=2019-01-14 |editor-last=Thomson |editor-first=Madeleine |title=Association between severe drought and HIV prevention and care behaviors in Lesotho: A population-based survey 2016–2017 |journal=PLOS Medicine |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=e1002727 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002727 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=6331084 |pmid=30640916 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Hijira daga sauyin yanayi kuma yana kara ta'azzara al'amura yayin da mutane da yawa ke kallon matakin a matsayin wani mataki na kariya kuma ba su gane cewa yana iya haifar da rikice-rikicen jima'i da na haihuwa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burns |first=Paul A. |last2=Mutunga |first2=Clive |date=2024-02-28 |title=Addressing the Impact of Climate Change on Sexual and Reproductive Health Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries |journal=Global Health: Science and Practice |language=en |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=e2300374 |doi=10.9745/GHSP-D-23-00374 |issn=2169-575X |pmc=10906547 |pmid=38365281}}</ref> === Kalubale a Samun Samun Sabis na SRHR === A lokacin bala'o'i masu alaƙa da yanayi, sabis na kiwon lafiya, gami da sabis na lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa, galibi ana iyakancewa ko babu su. Wannan rashin samun damar shiga ya sa mata ba su da tallafin da suka dace a lokacin haihuwa, yana jefa lafiyarsu da na jariran da aka haifa cikin kasadar. Bugu da ƙari, rashin ruwa mai tsabta da samfuran haila yana hana mata da 'yan mata damar gudanar da haila da mutunci, yana ƙara yin tasiri ga SRHRs. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Resilient Futures: Young People, the Climate Crisis, and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights |url=https://esaro.unfpa.org/en/publications/resilient-futures-young-people-climate-crisis-and-sexual-and-reproductive-health-and |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=UNFPA ESARO |language=en}}</ref> Ana fuskantar ƙalubale tare da ƙaura da yanayi ya jawo. Bisa hasashen yanayi na bakin haure miliyan 85.7 a yankin kudu da hamadar sahara nan da shekara ta 2050, Afirka na fuskantar matsalar ‘yan gudun hijira mafi muni a wannan zamani. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Omar |first=Muna |date=September 2022 |title=The Invisibles on Their Way into the Unknown: Diasporic Wounds of Migrants and Refugees from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.09 |journal=Africa Today |volume=69 |pages=190–213 |doi=10.2979/africatoday.69.1_2.09 |issn=1527-1978 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tilasta wa dukan al'ummomi ƙaura a lokacin ƙaura na canjin yanayi, akwai rashin samun damar yin amfani da sabis na kiwon lafiya na jima'i da haihuwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Singh |first=Neha S |last2=Aryasinghe |first2=Sarindi |last3=Smith |first3=James |last4=Khosla |first4=Rajat |last5=Say |first5=Lale |last6=Blanchet |first6=Karl |date=May 2018 |title=A long way to go: a systematic review to assess the utilisation of sexual and reproductive health services during humanitarian crises |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000682 |journal=BMJ Global Health |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=e000682 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000682 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=5935157 |pmid=29736272}}</ref> Matan ƙaura da ƴan gudun hijira suna fuskantar haɗarin fyaɗe, ciki maras so, da zubar da ciki mara kyau. Wannan sau da yawa yakan haifar da ƙarin al'amurran da suka shafi ciki da kuma warewar zamantakewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Egli-Gany |first=Dianne |last2=Aftab |first2=Wafa |last3=Hawkes |first3=Sarah |last4=Abu-Raddad |first4=Laith |last5=Buse |first5=Kent |last6=Rabbani |first6=Fauziah |last7=Low |first7=Nicola |last8=Onarheim |first8=Kristine |date=2021-12-28 |title=The social and structural determinants of sexual and reproductive health and rights in migrants and refugees: a systematic review of reviews |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |volume=27 |issue=12 |pages=1203–1213 |doi=10.26719/emhj.20.101 |issn=1020-3397 |pmc=7616978 |pmid=35137389 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Women_crossing_through_flooding.jpg|thumb| Wannan ya nuna mata suna tsallakawa ta ruwan da aka yi ambaliya]] === Ta'azzara Rashin Lalaci ga Ƙungiyoyin da aka ware === Ga mutanen da aka ware da kuma masu rauni, da kuma masu naƙasa, tasirin sauyin yanayi ya haɗa ƙalubalen da suke da su da kuma raunin da suke da shi. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna fuskantar ƙarin shinge don samun damar kiwon lafiya, daidaita yanayin yanayin muhalli, da murmurewa daga bala'o'i masu alaƙa da yanayi. Matsakaicin rarrabuwar kawuna na zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da lafiya yana ƙara tsananta raunin su ga tasirin sauyin yanayi. <ref name="esaro.unfpa.org"/> == Maganganun Manufofin Da Aka Gabatar == Tare da karuwar damuwa game da tasirin sauyin yanayi ga al'ummomi, kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta yi taro a watan Oktoban 2022 don tattauna kokarin farfado da koren. Sun kirkiro Ajandar Afirka ta 2063 da ta shafi sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki don rage tasirin sauyin ci gaban kasa. A cikin dabarun nasu, sun bayyana yadda sauyin yanayi da matsalolin jinsi suka hada kai da kuma dalilin da ya sa mata da matasa ke bukatar shigar da su cikin tsare-tsarensu. Wannan ya biyo bayan rahoton IPCC daga 2007 wanda ke nuna yadda sauyin yanayi zai haifar da rashin abinci, cututtuka na yau da kullun, da kuma samun lafiyar jama'a. Wadannan shawarwari suna da mahimmanci ga ci gaban rayuwar al'ummomin Afirka saboda manufofin sanin jinsi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cimma ci gaban aikin noma don cika alkawurran da aka zayyana a cikin sanarwar Malabo. [1] Amurka ta sanar da shirin taimakawa nahiyar ta cimma burinta na tabbatar da lafiyar jima'i da haihuwa. Misali a taron kasuwanci na Amurka da Afirka an zartar da tsare-tsare don samar da yarjejeniyar sufuri tsakanin kasashen Nijar da Benin wanda ya hada da dala miliyan 7.5 don kasuwanci da kuma shirye-shiryen horar da mata, don dakile cutar kanjamau, cin zarafin mata, fataucin mutane, da inganta hanyoyi don tallafa wa matalauta da mata masu rauni da ke sayar da kayansu a kan hanyoyin sufuri. === Uganda - Manufar Canjin Yanayi ta Kasa (NCCP) === Manufofin sauyin yanayi na ƙasar Uganda na gano mutanen da ke fama da rauni tare da ba da fifikonsu a cikin [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|ƙoƙarce]] -ƙoƙarcen sauyin yanayi da ƙoƙarin ragewa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Republic of Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment |date=2018 |title=UGANDA NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY: Transformation through Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation |url=https://ccd.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NATIONAL-CLIMATE-CHANGE-POLICY-SUMMARY-VERSION-2018-2.pdf |journal= |access-date=2025-06-06 |archive-date=2025-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250606061240/https://ccd.go.ug/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NATIONAL-CLIMATE-CHANGE-POLICY-SUMMARY-VERSION-2018-2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Musamman sun gano batutuwan da suka shafi mata da yara. Ƙoƙarin nasu an yi niyya ne don rage haɓakar yawan jama'a a nan gaba ta hanyar ƙarfafa tsarin iyali da lafiyar haihuwa. Suna fatan cimma wannan ta hanyar dabaru irin su Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bureau for Food Security |first=United States Agency for International Development |date=2017 |title=Climate-Smart Agriculture in Uganda. CSA Country Profiles for Africa Series |url=https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/UGANDA_CSA_Profile.pdf |journal=International Center for Tropical Agriculture}}</ref> Gwamnatin Uganda ta kuma matsa lamba kan inganta manhajojin ilimi don tabbatar da karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da hadarin da ke tattare da haihuwa da lafiyar jima'i da ke da alaka da sauyin yanayi da kuma horar da kwararrun da ke da alhakin magance wadannan hadurran. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] el65xfcv7b3nlqi196z8j9if14zhrih 0 102369 915488 638410 2026-09-03T13:32:27Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Portuguese Tangier''' ( Arabic ; Portuguese ) ya ƙunshi lokacin mulkin [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] akan [[Tanja|Tangier]], yau birni ne a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Masarautar Portugal ta mallaki yankin daga shekarar 1471 zuwa shekarar 1661. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Morocco_Tangier_DarNiaba.jpg|thumb|Tashar tashar Dar Niaba ta zamanin Portuguese a cikin medina na Tangier (karni na 16 ko 17) ]] Bayan Portuguese sun fara [[Daular Portuguese|fadadawa]] su ta hanyar karbar Ceuta a matsayin fansa ga fashi a cikin 1415, Tangier ya zama babban burin. Portugal ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama Tangier a cikin [[Yakin Tangier (1437)|1437]], 1458, da 1464 amma kawai ta yi nasara a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta 1471 bayan yawan jama'arta sun bar birnin bayan nasarar Portuguese na Asilah . [3] Daga Asilah Sarki Afonso V ya aika Marquis na Montemor Dom João a gaban babban dakarun sojoji don mamaye Tangier, kuma ya zaba a matsayin kyaftin dinta na farko Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, wanda ya hau mulki tare da garuruwa bayan Marquis ya tafi tare da sauran dakarunsa. Sojojin farko na Tangier a cikin 1471 sun ƙidaya mahayan dawakai 40; sojan ƙasa 470, daga cikinsu 130 sun kasance masu tsinkaye; masu bindiga 10, 'yan kallo 6. An yi la'akari da Tangier da yawa ga Portuguese don karewa yadda ya kamata, saboda haka Sarki Afonso V ya ba da umarnin cewa a rushe kashi uku cikin huɗu na birnin kuma a ƙuntata ganuwar ga sauran ɓangaren. Kamar yadda yake a Ceuta, sun canza babban masallacinsa zuwa babban coci na garin; an kara kyawanta shi da ayyukan gyara da yawa.[7] Baya ga babban coci, Portuguese sun gina gidaje na salon Turai da kuma masallatai da masallatai na Franciscan da Dominican. === Harin Tangier, 1501 === A cikin 1501, Sultan na Fez ya tara sojoji 12000 don kai hari kan Tangier. An gargadi kyaftin din Tangier Dom Rodrigo de Castro game da harin da ke gabatowa jim kadan kafin sojojin Fez su isa kusa da na wani manzo kare wanda ya zo daga Portuguese Asilah tare da saƙo da aka rataye a wuyansa. Dom Rodrigo ya shirya garuruwan, ya yi taro don rufe koma baya na manoma da shanu har yanzu a waje da ganuwar, kuma bayan da aka ji masa rauni a fuska kuma ya rasa mutane 9 ciki har da ɗansa, sai ya janye a bayan ganuwar birni. Bayan yaƙi a ƙofar, Sultan ya janye tare da sojojinsa bayan kwana huɗu don ya kai hari Asilah a maimakon haka. === Tarihin baya === [[Fayil:Planta_de_Tanger,_Leonardo_de_Ferrari,_1655.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin Leonardo de Ferrari na ganuwar Portuguese a Tangier, c. 1655.]] Wattasids sun kai hari Tangier a cikin 1508, 1511, da 1515 amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1508, Duarte na Menezes na gaba ɗan Portugal na Indiya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin kyaftin na Tangier, aikin da ya riga ya yi yadda ya kamata a cikin sunan mahaifinsa tun 1507. <ref name=":0" /> Ya sami suna mai ban tsoro a matsayin shugaban soja a cikin ayyuka da yawa a kusa da Tangier . Sultan na Fez Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad ya kewaye Tangier a cikin 1511.<ref name="barbuda" /> Ya yi nasarar rushe wani bangare na kariya kuma ya karya iyakokin tsaro, duk da haka rundunar da ke karkashin umurnin Dom Duarte de Meneses ta tilasta musu su koma baya.<ref name="barbuda" /> Bayan da suka yi ƙoƙari su sake mamaye birnin washegari, an sake hana Marokowa ci gaba a cikin yaƙin birane, kuma Sultan ya ɗaga kewaye ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1512, ''qaid'' na Chefchaouen Ali Ibn Rashid al-Alam (''Barraxa'' a cikin Portuguese) da ''qaid'' na Tetouan Cid Almandri II (''Almandarim'' a cikin Portuarian) sun lalata yankin da ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Tangier tare da da dawakai 800, duk da haka an yi musu aiki da doki 200 da ƙafa 200 na garuruwan Tangier a ƙarƙashin umurnin Duarte de Meneses kuma an kori su, Portuguese sun kama ganimar da yawa." Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a Tangier a daren 16 ga Satumba, 1533: bayan Dom Álvaro de Abranches ya ba da kyaftin din ga Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto kuma yana shirin komawa Portugal, Maroko biyu sun sami nasarar hawa bango tare da tsani wanda ƙofar Traição ba ta gano ba, kuma kodayake an yi ƙararrawa, sun ji wa ɗan Dom Álvare Dom Jorge rauni da mashi, Domingues Gonçalves da wuka biyu kuma sun kashe wani ɗan Afirka da aka kama. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki John III ya riga ya bayyana wa Paparoma niyyarsa ta janyewa daga wasu sansanoni a Maroko, duk da haka lokacin da ya nemi ra'ayoyin manyan Portugal game da batun a shekara ta 1534, ya bayyana burinsa na kula da Tangier. Cortes na Portuguese wanda ya gudanar da zaman tsakanin 1562 da 1563 bayan Babban Siege na Mazagan ya nace cewa sarki ya kula da Tangier kuma ya karfafa garuruwanta Sarki Sebastian ya shiga Tangier a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1578, tare da rundunar jiragen yaki 50 da jigilar kayayyaki 900 dauke da sojoji sama da 15,000, kuma yayin da tsohon Sultan na Morocco [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi kira ga Sebastian don taimakawa dawo da kursiyinsa bayan kawunsa [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] ya sauke shi. Sebastian ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Asilah, kuma daga can ya yi tafiya don mummunan Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir, inda aka kori Portuguese amma duk sarakuna uku sun mutu a cikin aikin. Lokacin Jorge de Mendonça, kyaftin din karshe na Tangier wanda kambin Portugal ya zaba kafin Tarayyar Iberiya ta kasance alama ce ta wahala a cikin birni. Sojojin sun rasa mafi yawan mahayan dawakai da tsoffin sojoji a yakin Alcácer-Quibir, kuma akwai karancin abinci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu daga yunwa, yayin da mummunan yanayi ya hana magajinsa isa birnin tare da ƙarfafawa na watanni. A shekara ta 1580, ya wuce tare da sauran yankunan Portugal zuwa ikon Habsburg a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Iberiya amma ya ci gaba da tsananin garuruwan Portuguese da gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1661, an ba da Tangier ga Ingila a matsayin sadaki na Charles II na Ingila lokacin da ya auri Catherine na Braganza, tare da tsibirin Bombay da fam 800,000. [[Fayil:D._Duarte_de_Meneses_(Archaeological_Survey_of_India,_Goa).png|thumb|Dom Duarte de Meneses a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya.]] [[Fayil:Retrato_de_D._Aires_de_Saldanha_de_Albuquerque,.jpg|thumb|Yankin Saldanha]] == Jerin Gwamnoni == {| class="wikitable" <th width="25%" align="left">Shekarun Mulki <th width="50%" align="left">Gwamna <th width="20%" align="left">Bayanan ƙari |- |28 Agusta 1471–1484||'''Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, Kyaftin na Farko na Olivença''' |Ya karɓi iko bayan nasarar yakin Asilah. |- |1484–1486||'''Manuel de Melo, Kyaftin na Olivença''' | |- |1486–1489||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman farko. |- |1487–1489||'''Fernão Martins Mascarenhas''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1489–1490||'''Manuel Pessanha''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1490–1501||'''Lopo Vaz de Azevedo''' | |- |1501–1508||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1508–1521||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman farko. |- |1521–1522||'''Henrique de Meneses''' | |- |1522–1533||'''Duarte de Meneses daga Évora''' | |- |1533–1536||'''Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto''' | |- |1536–1539||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1539–1546||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1546–1548||'''Francisco Botelho''' | |- |1548–1550||'''Pedro de Meneses''' | |- |1550–1552||'''João Álvares de Azevedo''' | |- |1552–1553||'''Luís de Loureiro''' | |- |1553||'''Fernando de Menezes''' | |- |1553–1554||'''Luís da Silva de Meneses''' | |- |1554–1564||'''Bernardim de Carvalho''' | |- |1564–1566||'''Lourenço de Távora''' | |- |15 Yuli 1566–1 Agusta 1572||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1572–1573||'''Rui de Carvalho''' | |- |1573–1574||'''Diogo Lopes da Franca''' | |- |1574–15 Agusta 1574||'''António na Portugal''' | |- |1574–1578||'''Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy na Indiya ta Fotigal''' | |- |1578–Satumba 1578||'''Pedro da Silva''' | |- |7 Satumba 1578–25 Yuli 1581||'''Jorge de Mendonça''' |Kyaftin na ƙarshe da Gwamnatin Fotigal ta nada kafin haɗin Iberiya. |- |25 Yuli 1581–1590||'''Francisco de Almeida''' | |- |1590–Yuni 1591||'''Belchior da França''' da '''Simão Lopes de Mendonça''' | |- |17 Yuni 1591–24 Agusta 1599||'''Aires de Saldanha''' | |- |24 Agusta 1599–22 Satumba 1605||'''António Pereira Lopes de Berredo''' | |- |22 Satumba 1605–Maris 1610||'''Nuno de Mendonça''' | |- |Maris 1610–Yuni 1614||'''Afonso de Noronha''' | |- |Yuni 1614–Oktoba 1614||'''Luís de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Tarouca''' | |- |Oktoba 1614–Agusta 1615||'''Luís de Noronha''' | |- |Agusta 1615–22 Disamba 1616||'''João Coutinho, Kyaftin na biyar na Redondo''' | |- |22 Disamba 1616–1 Yuli 1617||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |1 Yuli 1617–1621||'''Pedro Manuel''' | |- |1621–13 Maris 1622||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |13 Maris 1622–Yuli 1624||'''Jorge de Mascarenhas, Marquis na Montalvão''' | |- |Yuli 1624–14 Mayu 1628||'''Miguel de Noronha, Kyaftin na hudu na Linhares''' | |- |14 Mayu 1628–18 Yuni 1628||'''Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira''' | |- |18 Yuni 1628–1637||'''Fernando de Mascarenhas, Kyaftin na Torre''' | |- |15 Afrilu 1637–24 Agusta 1643||'''Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira''' | |- |1643–16 Afrilu 1645||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |16 Afrilu 1645–20 Nuwamba 1649||'''Caetano Coutinho''' | |- |20 Nuwamba 1649–Janairu 1653||'''Luís Lobo, Baro na Alvito''' | |- |Janairu 1653–7 Maris 1656||'''Rodrigo de Lencastre'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |7 Maris 1656–1661||'''Fernando de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Ericeira'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |1661–29 Janairu 1662||'''Luís de Almeida, Kyaftin na farko na Avintes''' | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} p2lsyrd2xl9phxegj8bfn8h35rbriij 915489 915488 2026-09-03T13:33:12Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Portuguese Tangier''' ( Arabic ; Portuguese ) ya ƙunshi lokacin mulkin [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] akan [[Tanja|Tangier]], yau birni ne a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Masarautar Portugal ta mallaki yankin daga shekarar 1471 zuwa shekarar 1661. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Morocco_Tangier_DarNiaba.jpg|thumb|Tashar tashar Dar Niaba ta zamanin Portuguese a cikin medina na Tangier (karni na 16 ko 17) ]] Bayan Portuguese sun fara [[Daular Portuguese|fadadawa]] su ta hanyar karbar Ceuta a matsayin fansa ga fashi a cikin 1415, Tangier ya zama babban burin. Portugal ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama Tangier a cikin [[Yakin Tangier (1437)|1437]], 1458, da 1464 amma kawai ta yi nasara a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1471 bayan yawan jama'arta sun bar birnin bayan nasarar Portuguese na Asilah . [3] Daga Asilah Sarki Afonso V ya aika Marquis na Montemor Dom João a gaban babban dakarun sojoji don mamaye Tangier, kuma ya zaba a matsayin kyaftin dinta na farko Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, wanda ya hau mulki tare da garuruwa bayan Marquis ya tafi tare da sauran dakarunsa. Sojojin farko na Tangier a cikin 1471 sun ƙidaya mahayan dawakai 40; sojan ƙasa 470, daga cikinsu 130 sun kasance masu tsinkaye; masu bindiga 10, 'yan kallo 6. An yi la'akari da Tangier da yawa ga Portuguese don karewa yadda ya kamata, saboda haka Sarki Afonso V ya ba da umarnin cewa a rushe kashi uku cikin huɗu na birnin kuma a ƙuntata ganuwar ga sauran ɓangaren. Kamar yadda yake a Ceuta, sun canza babban masallacinsa zuwa babban coci na garin; an kara kyawanta shi da ayyukan gyara da yawa.[7] Baya ga babban coci, Portuguese sun gina gidaje na salon Turai da kuma masallatai da masallatai na Franciscan da Dominican. === Harin Tangier, 1501 === A cikin shekarar 1501, Sultan na Fez ya tara sojoji 12000 don kai hari kan Tangier. An gargadi kyaftin din Tangier Dom Rodrigo de Castro game da harin da ke gabatowa jim kadan kafin sojojin Fez su isa kusa da na wani manzo kare wanda ya zo daga Portuguese Asilah tare da saƙo da aka rataye a wuyansa. Dom Rodrigo ya shirya garuruwan, ya yi taro don rufe koma baya na manoma da shanu har yanzu a waje da ganuwar, kuma bayan da aka ji masa rauni a fuska kuma ya rasa mutane 9 ciki har da ɗansa, sai ya janye a bayan ganuwar birni. Bayan yaƙi a ƙofar, Sultan ya janye tare da sojojinsa bayan kwana huɗu don ya kai hari Asilah a maimakon haka. === Tarihin baya === [[Fayil:Planta_de_Tanger,_Leonardo_de_Ferrari,_1655.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin Leonardo de Ferrari na ganuwar Portuguese a Tangier, c. 1655.]] Wattasids sun kai hari Tangier a cikin shekarar 1508, 1511, da 1515 amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1508, Duarte na Menezes na gaba ɗan Portugal na Indiya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin kyaftin na Tangier, aikin da ya riga ya yi yadda ya kamata a cikin sunan mahaifinsa tun 1507. <ref name=":0" /> Ya sami suna mai ban tsoro a matsayin shugaban soja a cikin ayyuka da yawa a kusa da Tangier . Sultan na Fez Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad ya kewaye Tangier a cikin 1511.<ref name="barbuda" /> Ya yi nasarar rushe wani bangare na kariya kuma ya karya iyakokin tsaro, duk da haka rundunar da ke karkashin umurnin Dom Duarte de Meneses ta tilasta musu su koma baya.<ref name="barbuda" /> Bayan da suka yi ƙoƙari su sake mamaye birnin washegari, an sake hana Marokowa ci gaba a cikin yaƙin birane, kuma Sultan ya ɗaga kewaye ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1512, ''qaid'' na Chefchaouen Ali Ibn Rashid al-Alam (''Barraxa'' a cikin Portuguese) da ''qaid'' na Tetouan Cid Almandri II (''Almandarim'' a cikin Portuarian) sun lalata yankin da ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Tangier tare da da dawakai 800, duk da haka an yi musu aiki da doki 200 da ƙafa 200 na garuruwan Tangier a ƙarƙashin umurnin Duarte de Meneses kuma an kori su, Portuguese sun kama ganimar da yawa." Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a Tangier a daren 16 ga Satumba, 1533: bayan Dom Álvaro de Abranches ya ba da kyaftin din ga Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto kuma yana shirin komawa Portugal, Maroko biyu sun sami nasarar hawa bango tare da tsani wanda ƙofar Traição ba ta gano ba, kuma kodayake an yi ƙararrawa, sun ji wa ɗan Dom Álvare Dom Jorge rauni da mashi, Domingues Gonçalves da wuka biyu kuma sun kashe wani ɗan Afirka da aka kama. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki John III ya riga ya bayyana wa Paparoma niyyarsa ta janyewa daga wasu sansanoni a Maroko, duk da haka lokacin da ya nemi ra'ayoyin manyan Portugal game da batun a shekara ta 1534, ya bayyana burinsa na kula da Tangier. Cortes na Portuguese wanda ya gudanar da zaman tsakanin 1562 da 1563 bayan Babban Siege na Mazagan ya nace cewa sarki ya kula da Tangier kuma ya karfafa garuruwanta Sarki Sebastian ya shiga Tangier a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 1578, tare da rundunar jiragen yaki 50 da jigilar kayayyaki 900 dauke da sojoji sama da 15,000, kuma yayin da tsohon Sultan na Morocco [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi kira ga Sebastian don taimakawa dawo da kursiyinsa bayan kawunsa [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] ya sauke shi. Sebastian ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Asilah, kuma daga can ya yi tafiya don mummunan Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir, inda aka kori Portuguese amma duk sarakuna uku sun mutu a cikin aikin. Lokacin Jorge de Mendonça, kyaftin din karshe na Tangier wanda kambin Portugal ya zaba kafin Tarayyar Iberiya ta kasance alama ce ta wahala a cikin birni. Sojojin sun rasa mafi yawan mahayan dawakai da tsoffin sojoji a yakin Alcácer-Quibir, kuma akwai karancin abinci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu daga yunwa, yayin da mummunan yanayi ya hana magajinsa isa birnin tare da ƙarfafawa na watanni. A shekara ta 1580, ya wuce tare da sauran yankunan Portugal zuwa ikon Habsburg a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Iberiya amma ya ci gaba da tsananin garuruwan Portuguese da gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1661, an ba da Tangier ga Ingila a matsayin sadaki na Charles II na Ingila lokacin da ya auri Catherine na Braganza, tare da tsibirin Bombay da fam 800,000. [[Fayil:D._Duarte_de_Meneses_(Archaeological_Survey_of_India,_Goa).png|thumb|Dom Duarte de Meneses a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya.]] [[Fayil:Retrato_de_D._Aires_de_Saldanha_de_Albuquerque,.jpg|thumb|Yankin Saldanha]] == Jerin Gwamnoni == {| class="wikitable" <th width="25%" align="left">Shekarun Mulki <th width="50%" align="left">Gwamna <th width="20%" align="left">Bayanan ƙari |- |28 Agusta 1471–1484||'''Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, Kyaftin na Farko na Olivença''' |Ya karɓi iko bayan nasarar yakin Asilah. |- |1484–1486||'''Manuel de Melo, Kyaftin na Olivença''' | |- |1486–1489||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman farko. |- |1487–1489||'''Fernão Martins Mascarenhas''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1489–1490||'''Manuel Pessanha''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1490–1501||'''Lopo Vaz de Azevedo''' | |- |1501–1508||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1508–1521||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman farko. |- |1521–1522||'''Henrique de Meneses''' | |- |1522–1533||'''Duarte de Meneses daga Évora''' | |- |1533–1536||'''Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto''' | |- |1536–1539||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1539–1546||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1546–1548||'''Francisco Botelho''' | |- |1548–1550||'''Pedro de Meneses''' | |- |1550–1552||'''João Álvares de Azevedo''' | |- |1552–1553||'''Luís de Loureiro''' | |- |1553||'''Fernando de Menezes''' | |- |1553–1554||'''Luís da Silva de Meneses''' | |- |1554–1564||'''Bernardim de Carvalho''' | |- |1564–1566||'''Lourenço de Távora''' | |- |15 Yuli 1566–1 Agusta 1572||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1572–1573||'''Rui de Carvalho''' | |- |1573–1574||'''Diogo Lopes da Franca''' | |- |1574–15 Agusta 1574||'''António na Portugal''' | |- |1574–1578||'''Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy na Indiya ta Fotigal''' | |- |1578–Satumba 1578||'''Pedro da Silva''' | |- |7 Satumba 1578–25 Yuli 1581||'''Jorge de Mendonça''' |Kyaftin na ƙarshe da Gwamnatin Fotigal ta nada kafin haɗin Iberiya. |- |25 Yuli 1581–1590||'''Francisco de Almeida''' | |- |1590–Yuni 1591||'''Belchior da França''' da '''Simão Lopes de Mendonça''' | |- |17 Yuni 1591–24 Agusta 1599||'''Aires de Saldanha''' | |- |24 Agusta 1599–22 Satumba 1605||'''António Pereira Lopes de Berredo''' | |- |22 Satumba 1605–Maris 1610||'''Nuno de Mendonça''' | |- |Maris 1610–Yuni 1614||'''Afonso de Noronha''' | |- |Yuni 1614–Oktoba 1614||'''Luís de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Tarouca''' | |- |Oktoba 1614–Agusta 1615||'''Luís de Noronha''' | |- |Agusta 1615–22 Disamba 1616||'''João Coutinho, Kyaftin na biyar na Redondo''' | |- |22 Disamba 1616–1 Yuli 1617||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |1 Yuli 1617–1621||'''Pedro Manuel''' | |- |1621–13 Maris 1622||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |13 Maris 1622–Yuli 1624||'''Jorge de Mascarenhas, Marquis na Montalvão''' | |- |Yuli 1624–14 Mayu 1628||'''Miguel de Noronha, Kyaftin na hudu na Linhares''' | |- |14 Mayu 1628–18 Yuni 1628||'''Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira''' | |- |18 Yuni 1628–1637||'''Fernando de Mascarenhas, Kyaftin na Torre''' | |- |15 Afrilu 1637–24 Agusta 1643||'''Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira''' | |- |1643–16 Afrilu 1645||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |16 Afrilu 1645–20 Nuwamba 1649||'''Caetano Coutinho''' | |- |20 Nuwamba 1649–Janairu 1653||'''Luís Lobo, Baro na Alvito''' | |- |Janairu 1653–7 Maris 1656||'''Rodrigo de Lencastre'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |7 Maris 1656–1661||'''Fernando de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Ericeira'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |1661–29 Janairu 1662||'''Luís de Almeida, Kyaftin na farko na Avintes''' | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} im7bllen9ednbiwbrbynzi0jy88s9dv 915490 915489 2026-09-03T13:33:58Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Portuguese Tangier''' ( Arabic ; Portuguese ) ya ƙunshi lokacin mulkin [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] akan [[Tanja|Tangier]], yau birni ne a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Masarautar Portugal ta mallaki yankin daga shekarar 1471 zuwa shekarar 1661. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Morocco_Tangier_DarNiaba.jpg|thumb|Tashar tashar Dar Niaba ta zamanin Portuguese a cikin medina na Tangier (karni na 16 ko 17) ]] Bayan Portuguese sun fara [[Daular Portuguese|fadadawa]] su ta hanyar karbar Ceuta a matsayin fansa ga fashi a cikin 1415, Tangier ya zama babban burin. Portugal ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama Tangier a cikin [[Yakin Tangier (1437)|1437]], 1458, da 1464 amma kawai ta yi nasara a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1471 bayan yawan jama'arta sun bar birnin bayan nasarar Portuguese na Asilah . [3] Daga Asilah Sarki Afonso V ya aika Marquis na Montemor Dom João a gaban babban dakarun sojoji don mamaye Tangier, kuma ya zaba a matsayin kyaftin dinta na farko Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, wanda ya hau mulki tare da garuruwa bayan Marquis ya tafi tare da sauran dakarunsa. Sojojin farko na Tangier a cikin 1471 sun ƙidaya mahayan dawakai 40; sojan ƙasa 470, daga cikinsu 130 sun kasance masu tsinkaye; masu bindiga 10, 'yan kallo 6. An yi la'akari da Tangier da yawa ga Portuguese don karewa yadda ya kamata, saboda haka Sarki Afonso V ya ba da umarnin cewa a rushe kashi uku cikin huɗu na birnin kuma a ƙuntata ganuwar ga sauran ɓangaren. Kamar yadda yake a Ceuta, sun canza babban masallacinsa zuwa babban coci na garin; an kara kyawanta shi da ayyukan gyara da yawa.[7] Baya ga babban coci, Portuguese sun gina gidaje na salon Turai da kuma masallatai da masallatai na Franciscan da Dominican. === Harin Tangier, 1501 === A cikin shekarar 1501, Sultan na Fez ya tara sojoji 12000 don kai hari kan Tangier. An gargadi kyaftin din Tangier Dom Rodrigo de Castro game da harin da ke gabatowa jim kadan kafin sojojin Fez su isa kusa da na wani manzo kare wanda ya zo daga Portuguese Asilah tare da saƙo da aka rataye a wuyansa. Dom Rodrigo ya shirya garuruwan, ya yi taro don rufe koma baya na manoma da shanu har yanzu a waje da ganuwar, kuma bayan da aka ji masa rauni a fuska kuma ya rasa mutane 9 ciki har da ɗansa, sai ya janye a bayan ganuwar birni. Bayan yaƙi a ƙofar, Sultan ya janye tare da sojojinsa bayan kwana huɗu don ya kai hari Asilah a maimakon haka. === Tarihin baya === [[Fayil:Planta_de_Tanger,_Leonardo_de_Ferrari,_1655.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin Leonardo de Ferrari na ganuwar Portuguese a Tangier, c. 1655.]] Wattasids sun kai hari Tangier a cikin shekarar 1508, 1511, da 1515 amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1508, Duarte na Menezes na gaba ɗan Portugal na Indiya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin kyaftin na Tangier, aikin da ya riga ya yi yadda ya kamata a cikin sunan mahaifinsa tun 1507. <ref name=":0" /> Ya sami suna mai ban tsoro a matsayin shugaban soja a cikin ayyuka da yawa a kusa da Tangier . Sultan na Fez Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad ya kewaye Tangier a cikin 1511.<ref name="barbuda" /> Ya yi nasarar rushe wani bangare na kariya kuma ya karya iyakokin tsaro, duk da haka rundunar da ke karkashin umurnin Dom Duarte de Meneses ta tilasta musu su koma baya.<ref name="barbuda" /> Bayan da suka yi ƙoƙari su sake mamaye birnin washegari, an sake hana Marokowa ci gaba a cikin yaƙin birane, kuma Sultan ya ɗaga kewaye ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1512, ''qaid'' na Chefchaouen Ali Ibn Rashid al-Alam (''Barraxa'' a cikin Portuguese) da ''qaid'' na Tetouan Cid Almandri II (''Almandarim'' a cikin Portuarian) sun lalata yankin da ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Tangier tare da da dawakai 800, duk da haka an yi musu aiki da doki 200 da ƙafa 200 na garuruwan Tangier a ƙarƙashin umurnin Duarte de Meneses kuma an kori su, Portuguese sun kama ganimar da yawa." Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a Tangier a daren 16 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 1533: bayan Dom Álvaro de Abranches ya ba da kyaftin din ga Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto kuma yana shirin komawa Portugal, Maroko biyu sun sami nasarar hawa bango tare da tsani wanda ƙofar Traição ba ta gano ba, kuma kodayake an yi ƙararrawa, sun ji wa ɗan Dom Álvare Dom Jorge rauni da mashi, Domingues Gonçalves da wuka biyu kuma sun kashe wani ɗan Afirka da aka kama. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki John III ya riga ya bayyana wa Paparoma niyyarsa ta janyewa daga wasu sansanoni a Maroko, duk da haka lokacin da ya nemi ra'ayoyin manyan Portugal game da batun a shekara ta 1534, ya bayyana burinsa na kula da Tangier. Cortes na Portuguese wanda ya gudanar da zaman tsakanin 1562 da 1563 bayan Babban Siege na Mazagan ya nace cewa sarki ya kula da Tangier kuma ya karfafa garuruwanta Sarki Sebastian ya shiga Tangier a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarar, 1578, tare da rundunar jiragen yaki 50 da jigilar kayayyaki 900 dauke da sojoji sama da 15,000, kuma yayin da tsohon Sultan na Morocco [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi kira ga Sebastian don taimakawa dawo da kursiyinsa bayan kawunsa [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] ya sauke shi. Sebastian ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Asilah, kuma daga can ya yi tafiya don mummunan Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir, inda aka kori Portuguese amma duk sarakuna uku sun mutu a cikin aikin. Lokacin Jorge de Mendonça, kyaftin din karshe na Tangier wanda kambin Portugal ya zaba kafin Tarayyar Iberiya ta kasance alama ce ta wahala a cikin birni. Sojojin sun rasa mafi yawan mahayan dawakai da tsoffin sojoji a yakin Alcácer-Quibir, kuma akwai karancin abinci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu daga yunwa, yayin da mummunan yanayi ya hana magajinsa isa birnin tare da ƙarfafawa na watanni. A shekara ta 1580, ya wuce tare da sauran yankunan Portugal zuwa ikon Habsburg a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Iberiya amma ya ci gaba da tsananin garuruwan Portuguese da gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1661, an ba da Tangier ga Ingila a matsayin sadaki na Charles II na Ingila lokacin da ya auri Catherine na Braganza, tare da tsibirin Bombay da fam 800,000. [[Fayil:D._Duarte_de_Meneses_(Archaeological_Survey_of_India,_Goa).png|thumb|Dom Duarte de Meneses a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya.]] [[Fayil:Retrato_de_D._Aires_de_Saldanha_de_Albuquerque,.jpg|thumb|Yankin Saldanha]] == Jerin Gwamnoni == {| class="wikitable" <th width="25%" align="left">Shekarun Mulki <th width="50%" align="left">Gwamna <th width="20%" align="left">Bayanan ƙari |- |28 Agusta 1471–1484||'''Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, Kyaftin na Farko na Olivença''' |Ya karɓi iko bayan nasarar yakin Asilah. |- |1484–1486||'''Manuel de Melo, Kyaftin na Olivença''' | |- |1486–1489||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman farko. |- |1487–1489||'''Fernão Martins Mascarenhas''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1489–1490||'''Manuel Pessanha''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1490–1501||'''Lopo Vaz de Azevedo''' | |- |1501–1508||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1508–1521||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman farko. |- |1521–1522||'''Henrique de Meneses''' | |- |1522–1533||'''Duarte de Meneses daga Évora''' | |- |1533–1536||'''Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto''' | |- |1536–1539||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1539–1546||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1546–1548||'''Francisco Botelho''' | |- |1548–1550||'''Pedro de Meneses''' | |- |1550–1552||'''João Álvares de Azevedo''' | |- |1552–1553||'''Luís de Loureiro''' | |- |1553||'''Fernando de Menezes''' | |- |1553–1554||'''Luís da Silva de Meneses''' | |- |1554–1564||'''Bernardim de Carvalho''' | |- |1564–1566||'''Lourenço de Távora''' | |- |15 Yuli 1566–1 Agusta 1572||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1572–1573||'''Rui de Carvalho''' | |- |1573–1574||'''Diogo Lopes da Franca''' | |- |1574–15 Agusta 1574||'''António na Portugal''' | |- |1574–1578||'''Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy na Indiya ta Fotigal''' | |- |1578–Satumba 1578||'''Pedro da Silva''' | |- |7 Satumba 1578–25 Yuli 1581||'''Jorge de Mendonça''' |Kyaftin na ƙarshe da Gwamnatin Fotigal ta nada kafin haɗin Iberiya. |- |25 Yuli 1581–1590||'''Francisco de Almeida''' | |- |1590–Yuni 1591||'''Belchior da França''' da '''Simão Lopes de Mendonça''' | |- |17 Yuni 1591–24 Agusta 1599||'''Aires de Saldanha''' | |- |24 Agusta 1599–22 Satumba 1605||'''António Pereira Lopes de Berredo''' | |- |22 Satumba 1605–Maris 1610||'''Nuno de Mendonça''' | |- |Maris 1610–Yuni 1614||'''Afonso de Noronha''' | |- |Yuni 1614–Oktoba 1614||'''Luís de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Tarouca''' | |- |Oktoba 1614–Agusta 1615||'''Luís de Noronha''' | |- |Agusta 1615–22 Disamba 1616||'''João Coutinho, Kyaftin na biyar na Redondo''' | |- |22 Disamba 1616–1 Yuli 1617||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |1 Yuli 1617–1621||'''Pedro Manuel''' | |- |1621–13 Maris 1622||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |13 Maris 1622–Yuli 1624||'''Jorge de Mascarenhas, Marquis na Montalvão''' | |- |Yuli 1624–14 Mayu 1628||'''Miguel de Noronha, Kyaftin na hudu na Linhares''' | |- |14 Mayu 1628–18 Yuni 1628||'''Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira''' | |- |18 Yuni 1628–1637||'''Fernando de Mascarenhas, Kyaftin na Torre''' | |- |15 Afrilu 1637–24 Agusta 1643||'''Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira''' | |- |1643–16 Afrilu 1645||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |16 Afrilu 1645–20 Nuwamba 1649||'''Caetano Coutinho''' | |- |20 Nuwamba 1649–Janairu 1653||'''Luís Lobo, Baro na Alvito''' | |- |Janairu 1653–7 Maris 1656||'''Rodrigo de Lencastre'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |7 Maris 1656–1661||'''Fernando de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Ericeira'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |1661–29 Janairu 1662||'''Luís de Almeida, Kyaftin na farko na Avintes''' | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} hv5qm3qo7zo3rtg2xhriub0fwvu1c67 915491 915490 2026-09-03T13:34:14Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915491 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Portuguese Tangier''' ( Arabic ; Portuguese ) ya ƙunshi lokacin mulkin [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] akan [[Tanja|Tangier]], yau birni ne a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Masarautar Portugal ta mallaki yankin daga shekarar 1471 zuwa shekarar 1661. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Morocco_Tangier_DarNiaba.jpg|thumb|Tashar tashar Dar Niaba ta zamanin Portuguese a cikin medina na Tangier (karni na 16 ko 17) ]] Bayan Portuguese sun fara [[Daular Portuguese|fadadawa]] su ta hanyar karbar Ceuta a matsayin fansa ga fashi a cikin 1415, Tangier ya zama babban burin. Portugal ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama Tangier a cikin [[Yakin Tangier (1437)|1437]], 1458, da 1464 amma kawai ta yi nasara a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1471 bayan yawan jama'arta sun bar birnin bayan nasarar Portuguese na Asilah . [3] Daga Asilah Sarki Afonso V ya aika Marquis na Montemor Dom João a gaban babban dakarun sojoji don mamaye Tangier, kuma ya zaba a matsayin kyaftin dinta na farko Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, wanda ya hau mulki tare da garuruwa bayan Marquis ya tafi tare da sauran dakarunsa. Sojojin farko na Tangier a cikin shekarar 1471 sun ƙidaya mahayan dawakai 40; sojan ƙasa 470, daga cikinsu 130 sun kasance masu tsinkaye; masu bindiga 10, 'yan kallo 6. An yi la'akari da Tangier da yawa ga Portuguese don karewa yadda ya kamata, saboda haka Sarki Afonso V ya ba da umarnin cewa a rushe kashi uku cikin huɗu na birnin kuma a ƙuntata ganuwar ga sauran ɓangaren. Kamar yadda yake a Ceuta, sun canza babban masallacinsa zuwa babban coci na garin; an kara kyawanta shi da ayyukan gyara da yawa.[7] Baya ga babban coci, Portuguese sun gina gidaje na salon Turai da kuma masallatai da masallatai na Franciscan da Dominican. === Harin Tangier, 1501 === A cikin shekarar 1501, Sultan na Fez ya tara sojoji 12000 don kai hari kan Tangier. An gargadi kyaftin din Tangier Dom Rodrigo de Castro game da harin da ke gabatowa jim kadan kafin sojojin Fez su isa kusa da na wani manzo kare wanda ya zo daga Portuguese Asilah tare da saƙo da aka rataye a wuyansa. Dom Rodrigo ya shirya garuruwan, ya yi taro don rufe koma baya na manoma da shanu har yanzu a waje da ganuwar, kuma bayan da aka ji masa rauni a fuska kuma ya rasa mutane 9 ciki har da ɗansa, sai ya janye a bayan ganuwar birni. Bayan yaƙi a ƙofar, Sultan ya janye tare da sojojinsa bayan kwana huɗu don ya kai hari Asilah a maimakon haka. === Tarihin baya === [[Fayil:Planta_de_Tanger,_Leonardo_de_Ferrari,_1655.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin Leonardo de Ferrari na ganuwar Portuguese a Tangier, c. 1655.]] Wattasids sun kai hari Tangier a cikin shekarar 1508, 1511, da 1515 amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1508, Duarte na Menezes na gaba ɗan Portugal na Indiya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin kyaftin na Tangier, aikin da ya riga ya yi yadda ya kamata a cikin sunan mahaifinsa tun 1507. <ref name=":0" /> Ya sami suna mai ban tsoro a matsayin shugaban soja a cikin ayyuka da yawa a kusa da Tangier . Sultan na Fez Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad ya kewaye Tangier a cikin 1511.<ref name="barbuda" /> Ya yi nasarar rushe wani bangare na kariya kuma ya karya iyakokin tsaro, duk da haka rundunar da ke karkashin umurnin Dom Duarte de Meneses ta tilasta musu su koma baya.<ref name="barbuda" /> Bayan da suka yi ƙoƙari su sake mamaye birnin washegari, an sake hana Marokowa ci gaba a cikin yaƙin birane, kuma Sultan ya ɗaga kewaye ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1512, ''qaid'' na Chefchaouen Ali Ibn Rashid al-Alam (''Barraxa'' a cikin Portuguese) da ''qaid'' na Tetouan Cid Almandri II (''Almandarim'' a cikin Portuarian) sun lalata yankin da ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Tangier tare da da dawakai 800, duk da haka an yi musu aiki da doki 200 da ƙafa 200 na garuruwan Tangier a ƙarƙashin umurnin Duarte de Meneses kuma an kori su, Portuguese sun kama ganimar da yawa." Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a Tangier a daren 16 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 1533: bayan Dom Álvaro de Abranches ya ba da kyaftin din ga Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto kuma yana shirin komawa Portugal, Maroko biyu sun sami nasarar hawa bango tare da tsani wanda ƙofar Traição ba ta gano ba, kuma kodayake an yi ƙararrawa, sun ji wa ɗan Dom Álvare Dom Jorge rauni da mashi, Domingues Gonçalves da wuka biyu kuma sun kashe wani ɗan Afirka da aka kama. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki John III ya riga ya bayyana wa Paparoma niyyarsa ta janyewa daga wasu sansanoni a Maroko, duk da haka lokacin da ya nemi ra'ayoyin manyan Portugal game da batun a shekara ta 1534, ya bayyana burinsa na kula da Tangier. Cortes na Portuguese wanda ya gudanar da zaman tsakanin 1562 da 1563 bayan Babban Siege na Mazagan ya nace cewa sarki ya kula da Tangier kuma ya karfafa garuruwanta Sarki Sebastian ya shiga Tangier a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarar, 1578, tare da rundunar jiragen yaki 50 da jigilar kayayyaki 900 dauke da sojoji sama da 15,000, kuma yayin da tsohon Sultan na Morocco [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi kira ga Sebastian don taimakawa dawo da kursiyinsa bayan kawunsa [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] ya sauke shi. Sebastian ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Asilah, kuma daga can ya yi tafiya don mummunan Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir, inda aka kori Portuguese amma duk sarakuna uku sun mutu a cikin aikin. Lokacin Jorge de Mendonça, kyaftin din karshe na Tangier wanda kambin Portugal ya zaba kafin Tarayyar Iberiya ta kasance alama ce ta wahala a cikin birni. Sojojin sun rasa mafi yawan mahayan dawakai da tsoffin sojoji a yakin Alcácer-Quibir, kuma akwai karancin abinci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu daga yunwa, yayin da mummunan yanayi ya hana magajinsa isa birnin tare da ƙarfafawa na watanni. A shekara ta 1580, ya wuce tare da sauran yankunan Portugal zuwa ikon Habsburg a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Iberiya amma ya ci gaba da tsananin garuruwan Portuguese da gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1661, an ba da Tangier ga Ingila a matsayin sadaki na Charles II na Ingila lokacin da ya auri Catherine na Braganza, tare da tsibirin Bombay da fam 800,000. [[Fayil:D._Duarte_de_Meneses_(Archaeological_Survey_of_India,_Goa).png|thumb|Dom Duarte de Meneses a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya.]] [[Fayil:Retrato_de_D._Aires_de_Saldanha_de_Albuquerque,.jpg|thumb|Yankin Saldanha]] == Jerin Gwamnoni == {| class="wikitable" <th width="25%" align="left">Shekarun Mulki <th width="50%" align="left">Gwamna <th width="20%" align="left">Bayanan ƙari |- |28 Agusta 1471–1484||'''Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, Kyaftin na Farko na Olivença''' |Ya karɓi iko bayan nasarar yakin Asilah. |- |1484–1486||'''Manuel de Melo, Kyaftin na Olivença''' | |- |1486–1489||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman farko. |- |1487–1489||'''Fernão Martins Mascarenhas''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1489–1490||'''Manuel Pessanha''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1490–1501||'''Lopo Vaz de Azevedo''' | |- |1501–1508||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1508–1521||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman farko. |- |1521–1522||'''Henrique de Meneses''' | |- |1522–1533||'''Duarte de Meneses daga Évora''' | |- |1533–1536||'''Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto''' | |- |1536–1539||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1539–1546||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1546–1548||'''Francisco Botelho''' | |- |1548–1550||'''Pedro de Meneses''' | |- |1550–1552||'''João Álvares de Azevedo''' | |- |1552–1553||'''Luís de Loureiro''' | |- |1553||'''Fernando de Menezes''' | |- |1553–1554||'''Luís da Silva de Meneses''' | |- |1554–1564||'''Bernardim de Carvalho''' | |- |1564–1566||'''Lourenço de Távora''' | |- |15 Yuli 1566–1 Agusta 1572||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1572–1573||'''Rui de Carvalho''' | |- |1573–1574||'''Diogo Lopes da Franca''' | |- |1574–15 Agusta 1574||'''António na Portugal''' | |- |1574–1578||'''Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy na Indiya ta Fotigal''' | |- |1578–Satumba 1578||'''Pedro da Silva''' | |- |7 Satumba 1578–25 Yuli 1581||'''Jorge de Mendonça''' |Kyaftin na ƙarshe da Gwamnatin Fotigal ta nada kafin haɗin Iberiya. |- |25 Yuli 1581–1590||'''Francisco de Almeida''' | |- |1590–Yuni 1591||'''Belchior da França''' da '''Simão Lopes de Mendonça''' | |- |17 Yuni 1591–24 Agusta 1599||'''Aires de Saldanha''' | |- |24 Agusta 1599–22 Satumba 1605||'''António Pereira Lopes de Berredo''' | |- |22 Satumba 1605–Maris 1610||'''Nuno de Mendonça''' | |- |Maris 1610–Yuni 1614||'''Afonso de Noronha''' | |- |Yuni 1614–Oktoba 1614||'''Luís de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Tarouca''' | |- |Oktoba 1614–Agusta 1615||'''Luís de Noronha''' | |- |Agusta 1615–22 Disamba 1616||'''João Coutinho, Kyaftin na biyar na Redondo''' | |- |22 Disamba 1616–1 Yuli 1617||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |1 Yuli 1617–1621||'''Pedro Manuel''' | |- |1621–13 Maris 1622||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |13 Maris 1622–Yuli 1624||'''Jorge de Mascarenhas, Marquis na Montalvão''' | |- |Yuli 1624–14 Mayu 1628||'''Miguel de Noronha, Kyaftin na hudu na Linhares''' | |- |14 Mayu 1628–18 Yuni 1628||'''Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira''' | |- |18 Yuni 1628–1637||'''Fernando de Mascarenhas, Kyaftin na Torre''' | |- |15 Afrilu 1637–24 Agusta 1643||'''Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira''' | |- |1643–16 Afrilu 1645||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |16 Afrilu 1645–20 Nuwamba 1649||'''Caetano Coutinho''' | |- |20 Nuwamba 1649–Janairu 1653||'''Luís Lobo, Baro na Alvito''' | |- |Janairu 1653–7 Maris 1656||'''Rodrigo de Lencastre'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |7 Maris 1656–1661||'''Fernando de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Ericeira'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |1661–29 Janairu 1662||'''Luís de Almeida, Kyaftin na farko na Avintes''' | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 3pyexe35vp1k32d5jhr47lcyab959n1 915496 915491 2026-09-03T13:36:50Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Tarihi */ 915496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Portuguese Tangier''' ( Arabic ; Portuguese ) ya ƙunshi lokacin mulkin [[Daular Portuguese|Portuguese]] akan [[Tanja|Tangier]], yau birni ne a [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Masarautar Portugal ta mallaki yankin daga shekarar 1471 zuwa shekarar 1661. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:Morocco_Tangier_DarNiaba.jpg|thumb|Tashar tashar Dar Niaba ta zamanin Portuguese a cikin medina na Tangier (karni na 16 ko 17) ]] Bayan Portuguese sun fara [[Daular Portuguese|fadadawa]] su ta hanyar karbar Ceuta a matsayin fansa ga fashi a cikin shekarar 1415, Tangier ya zama babban burin. Portugal ta yi ƙoƙari ta kama Tangier a cikin [[Yakin Tangier (1437)|1437]], 1458, da 1464 amma kawai ta yi nasara a ranar 28 ga watan Agusta shekarar 1471 bayan yawan jama'arta sun bar birnin bayan nasarar Portuguese na Asilah . [3] Daga Asilah Sarki Afonso V ya aika Marquis na Montemor Dom João a gaban babban dakarun sojoji don mamaye Tangier, kuma ya zaba a matsayin kyaftin dinta na farko Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, wanda ya hau mulki tare da garuruwa bayan Marquis ya tafi tare da sauran dakarunsa. Sojojin farko na Tangier a cikin shekarar 1471 sun ƙidaya mahayan dawakai 40; sojan ƙasa 470, daga cikinsu 130 sun kasance masu tsinkaye; masu bindiga 10, 'yan kallo 6. An yi la'akari da Tangier da yawa ga Portuguese don karewa yadda ya kamata, saboda haka Sarki Afonso V ya ba da umarnin cewa a rushe kashi uku cikin huɗu na birnin kuma a ƙuntata ganuwar ga sauran ɓangaren. Kamar yadda yake a Ceuta, sun canza babban masallacinsa zuwa babban coci na garin; an kara kyawanta shi da ayyukan gyara da yawa.[7] Baya ga babban coci, Portuguese sun gina gidaje na salon Turai da kuma masallatai da masallatai na Franciscan da Dominican. === Harin Tangier, 1501 === A cikin shekarar 1501, Sultan na Fez ya tara sojoji 12000 don kai hari kan Tangier. An gargadi kyaftin din Tangier Dom Rodrigo de Castro game da harin da ke gabatowa jim kadan kafin sojojin Fez su isa kusa da na wani manzo kare wanda ya zo daga Portuguese Asilah tare da saƙo da aka rataye a wuyansa. Dom Rodrigo ya shirya garuruwan, ya yi taro don rufe koma baya na manoma da shanu har yanzu a waje da ganuwar, kuma bayan da aka ji masa rauni a fuska kuma ya rasa mutane 9 ciki har da ɗansa, sai ya janye a bayan ganuwar birni. Bayan yaƙi a ƙofar, Sultan ya janye tare da sojojinsa bayan kwana huɗu don ya kai hari Asilah a maimakon haka. === Tarihin baya === [[Fayil:Planta_de_Tanger,_Leonardo_de_Ferrari,_1655.jpg|left|thumb|Tsarin Leonardo de Ferrari na ganuwar Portuguese a Tangier, c. 1655.]] Wattasids sun kai hari Tangier a cikin shekarar 1508, 1511, da 1515 amma ba tare da nasara ba. A shekara ta 1508, Duarte na Menezes na gaba ɗan Portugal na Indiya ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin kyaftin na Tangier, aikin da ya riga ya yi yadda ya kamata a cikin sunan mahaifinsa tun 1507. <ref name=":0" /> Ya sami suna mai ban tsoro a matsayin shugaban soja a cikin ayyuka da yawa a kusa da Tangier . Sultan na Fez Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad ya kewaye Tangier a cikin 1511.<ref name="barbuda" /> Ya yi nasarar rushe wani bangare na kariya kuma ya karya iyakokin tsaro, duk da haka rundunar da ke karkashin umurnin Dom Duarte de Meneses ta tilasta musu su koma baya.<ref name="barbuda" /> Bayan da suka yi ƙoƙari su sake mamaye birnin washegari, an sake hana Marokowa ci gaba a cikin yaƙin birane, kuma Sultan ya ɗaga kewaye ba da daɗewa ba. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1512, ''qaid'' na Chefchaouen Ali Ibn Rashid al-Alam (''Barraxa'' a cikin Portuguese) da ''qaid'' na Tetouan Cid Almandri II (''Almandarim'' a cikin Portuarian) sun lalata yankin da ƙauyuka da ke kusa da Tangier tare da da dawakai 800, duk da haka an yi musu aiki da doki 200 da ƙafa 200 na garuruwan Tangier a ƙarƙashin umurnin Duarte de Meneses kuma an kori su, Portuguese sun kama ganimar da yawa." Wani abin da ya faru ya faru a Tangier a daren 16 ga watan Satumba shekarar, 1533: bayan Dom Álvaro de Abranches ya ba da kyaftin din ga Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto kuma yana shirin komawa Portugal, Maroko biyu sun sami nasarar hawa bango tare da tsani wanda ƙofar Traição ba ta gano ba, kuma kodayake an yi ƙararrawa, sun ji wa ɗan Dom Álvare Dom Jorge rauni da mashi, Domingues Gonçalves da wuka biyu kuma sun kashe wani ɗan Afirka da aka kama. A shekara ta 1532, Sarki John III ya riga ya bayyana wa Paparoma niyyarsa ta janyewa daga wasu sansanoni a Maroko, duk da haka lokacin da ya nemi ra'ayoyin manyan Portugal game da batun a shekara ta 1534, ya bayyana burinsa na kula da Tangier. Cortes na Portuguese wanda ya gudanar da zaman tsakanin 1562 da 1563 bayan Babban Siege na Mazagan ya nace cewa sarki ya kula da Tangier kuma ya karfafa garuruwanta Sarki Sebastian ya shiga Tangier a ranar 6 ga watan Yuli shekarar, 1578, tare da rundunar jiragen yaki 50 da jigilar kayayyaki 900 dauke da sojoji sama da 15,000, kuma yayin da tsohon Sultan na Morocco [[Abu Abdallah Mohammed II Saadi]] ya sadu da shi, wanda ya yi kira ga Sebastian don taimakawa dawo da kursiyinsa bayan kawunsa [[Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi]] ya sauke shi. Sebastian ya tura sojojinsa zuwa Asilah, kuma daga can ya yi tafiya don mummunan Yaƙin Alcácer Quibir, inda aka kori Portuguese amma duk sarakuna uku sun mutu a cikin aikin. Lokacin Jorge de Mendonça, kyaftin din karshe na Tangier wanda kambin Portugal ya zaba kafin Tarayyar Iberiya ta kasance alama ce ta wahala a cikin birni. Sojojin sun rasa mafi yawan mahayan dawakai da tsoffin sojoji a yakin Alcácer-Quibir, kuma akwai karancin abinci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa suka mutu daga yunwa, yayin da mummunan yanayi ya hana magajinsa isa birnin tare da ƙarfafawa na watanni. A shekara ta 1580, ya wuce tare da sauran yankunan Portugal zuwa ikon Habsburg a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Iberiya amma ya ci gaba da tsananin garuruwan Portuguese da gudanarwa. A shekara ta 1661, an ba da Tangier ga Ingila a matsayin sadaki na Charles II na Ingila lokacin da ya auri Catherine na Braganza, tare da tsibirin Bombay da fam 800,000. [[Fayil:D._Duarte_de_Meneses_(Archaeological_Survey_of_India,_Goa).png|thumb|Dom Duarte de Meneses a matsayin Mataimakin Sarkin Indiya.]] [[Fayil:Retrato_de_D._Aires_de_Saldanha_de_Albuquerque,.jpg|thumb|Yankin Saldanha]] == Jerin Gwamnoni == {| class="wikitable" <th width="25%" align="left">Shekarun Mulki <th width="50%" align="left">Gwamna <th width="20%" align="left">Bayanan ƙari |- |28 Agusta 1471–1484||'''Rodrigo Afonso de Melo, Kyaftin na Farko na Olivença''' |Ya karɓi iko bayan nasarar yakin Asilah. |- |1484–1486||'''Manuel de Melo, Kyaftin na Olivença''' | |- |1486–1489||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman farko. |- |1487–1489||'''Fernão Martins Mascarenhas''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1489–1490||'''Manuel Pessanha''' |Riko na wucin gadi. |- |1490–1501||'''Lopo Vaz de Azevedo''' | |- |1501–1508||'''João de Meneses, Kyaftin na Farko na Tarouca'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1508–1521||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman farko. |- |1521–1522||'''Henrique de Meneses''' | |- |1522–1533||'''Duarte de Meneses daga Évora''' | |- |1533–1536||'''Gonçalo Mendes Sacoto''' | |- |1536–1539||'''Duarte de Menezes'''||Zaman na biyu. |- |1539–1546||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1546–1548||'''Francisco Botelho''' | |- |1548–1550||'''Pedro de Meneses''' | |- |1550–1552||'''João Álvares de Azevedo''' | |- |1552–1553||'''Luís de Loureiro''' | |- |1553||'''Fernando de Menezes''' | |- |1553–1554||'''Luís da Silva de Meneses''' | |- |1554–1564||'''Bernardim de Carvalho''' | |- |1564–1566||'''Lourenço de Távora''' | |- |15 Yuli 1566–1 Agusta 1572||'''João de Meneses''' | |- |1572–1573||'''Rui de Carvalho''' | |- |1573–1574||'''Diogo Lopes da Franca''' | |- |1574–15 Agusta 1574||'''António na Portugal''' | |- |1574–1578||'''Duarte de Meneses, Viceroy na Indiya ta Fotigal''' | |- |1578–Satumba 1578||'''Pedro da Silva''' | |- |7 Satumba 1578–25 Yuli 1581||'''Jorge de Mendonça''' |Kyaftin na ƙarshe da Gwamnatin Fotigal ta nada kafin haɗin Iberiya. |- |25 Yuli 1581–1590||'''Francisco de Almeida''' | |- |1590–Yuni 1591||'''Belchior da França''' da '''Simão Lopes de Mendonça''' | |- |17 Yuni 1591–24 Agusta 1599||'''Aires de Saldanha''' | |- |24 Agusta 1599–22 Satumba 1605||'''António Pereira Lopes de Berredo''' | |- |22 Satumba 1605–Maris 1610||'''Nuno de Mendonça''' | |- |Maris 1610–Yuni 1614||'''Afonso de Noronha''' | |- |Yuni 1614–Oktoba 1614||'''Luís de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Tarouca''' | |- |Oktoba 1614–Agusta 1615||'''Luís de Noronha''' | |- |Agusta 1615–22 Disamba 1616||'''João Coutinho, Kyaftin na biyar na Redondo''' | |- |22 Disamba 1616–1 Yuli 1617||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |1 Yuli 1617–1621||'''Pedro Manuel''' | |- |1621–13 Maris 1622||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |13 Maris 1622–Yuli 1624||'''Jorge de Mascarenhas, Marquis na Montalvão''' | |- |Yuli 1624–14 Mayu 1628||'''Miguel de Noronha, Kyaftin na hudu na Linhares''' | |- |14 Mayu 1628–18 Yuni 1628||'''Galaaz Fernandes da Silveira''' | |- |18 Yuni 1628–1637||'''Fernando de Mascarenhas, Kyaftin na Torre''' | |- |15 Afrilu 1637–24 Agusta 1643||'''Rodrigo Lobo da Silveira''' | |- |1643–16 Afrilu 1645||'''André Dias da França''' | |- |16 Afrilu 1645–20 Nuwamba 1649||'''Caetano Coutinho''' | |- |20 Nuwamba 1649–Janairu 1653||'''Luís Lobo, Baro na Alvito''' | |- |Janairu 1653–7 Maris 1656||'''Rodrigo de Lencastre'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |7 Maris 1656–1661||'''Fernando de Meneses, Kyaftin na biyu na Ericeira'''. Ana da ƙarin bayanai.<ref>Martin Malcolm Elbl, "The Sunset of Portuguese Tangier (Morocco)...</ref> | |- |1661–29 Janairu 1662||'''Luís de Almeida, Kyaftin na farko na Avintes''' | |} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 63lua1hjj82nrz14l3u3uj600x1iu95 0 103726 915663 708297 2026-09-03T17:28:48Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi 10 ga Agusta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] k0tuhwbevgh4kiir4y13xqktw7c7hkm 915664 915663 2026-09-03T17:29:29Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga Agusta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ctakjrq8wvsegruk9dxh8dobsqh8wc8 915665 915664 2026-09-03T17:29:59Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agusta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 3j0p648kasps3jemyf5fmvjmxju5qrv 915666 915665 2026-09-03T17:30:32Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ibiiumreupny0mhkshmof6tj4hzg3ll 915667 915666 2026-09-03T17:31:27Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] nqrh0y6pbfquh8lnp13yyaccn288622 915668 915667 2026-09-03T17:32:09Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] ollvbayxgczoiyslf6s1ob1dbwa0j7y 915669 915668 2026-09-03T17:32:50Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] bdwu6lyssniudjwfjwrai7j2c9lreqy 915670 915669 2026-09-03T17:33:19Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] qcfng2k3qn10af1xhxoxpb5sgfq3b7x 915671 915670 2026-09-03T17:33:53Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 8v0pykx5uqg4g12z3apyse44atg0k4t 915673 915671 2026-09-03T17:35:29Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] av1sfj29hofi1o4e0ku2he2phltwdq2 915674 915673 2026-09-03T17:36:23Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] faubrf6n72emukrts1kovp8mui5y862 915675 915674 2026-09-03T17:37:11Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] nx8qoeggfi357d81fhj3weh0q9p7mph 915676 915675 2026-09-03T17:38:16Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga cikin 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 6tyd8djbdgizx7jipfnwh9udqt82a5y 915677 915676 2026-09-03T17:39:04Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga cikin shekara ta 2003 zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] qyv1n9j1k7r9cscpj1l10tn0bjslsbj 915678 915677 2026-09-03T17:40:07Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Solomon Olamilekan Adeola CON''' (sauraraⓘ) wanda aka fi sani da sunan Yayi (an haife shi ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1969),<ref>National Assembly | Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nassnig.org. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ya zama Sanata mai wakiltar Ogun ta Yamma tun cikin shekara ta 2023. Ya taɓa zama Sanata daga [[Legas]] ta Yamma daga cikin shekarar 2015 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2023.<ref>Raji, Zainab (10 October 2019). "Senate revisits bill to upgrade Yabatech to university". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 August 2024</ref> Daga cikin shekarar 2011 zuwa cikin shekara ta 2015, ya kasance shugaban kwamitin majalisar wakilai kan asusun gwamnati. Hakanan ma'aikacin akawu ne kuma memba na Association of Technicians (AAT).<ref>Lagos West: Adeola Aka Yayi Make History Winning Senate Seat". The Nigerian Voice. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref><ref>Yayi wins Lagos West senate seat". The Nation. 31 March 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adeola a ranar 10 ga watan Agustan shekarar 1969, a Asibitin Maternity na Legas Island ga Ayinde Adeola Ogunleye da Abeeni Olasunbo Ogunleye (née Akinola). Ya tashi ne a Alimosho inda ya fara karatunsa a makarantar firamare ta jihar da ke Alimosho, [[Legas]]. Ya wuce makarantar Community Grammar School, Akowonjo, Legas domin yin karatunsa na sakandare. Daga nan sai ya wuce zuwa Ondo State Polytechnic, Owo a yanzu Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo state inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma (HND) a fannin Accounting.<ref>Ibeh, Ifeanyi (11 June 2023). "West-2-West, an ingenious political masterstroke by Senator Yayi". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 August 2023.</ref> Adeola ma'aikacin Akanta ne na Chartered kuma ɗan'uwa ne a Cibiyar Akanta ta [[Najeriya]] (ICAN). == Bayanan sana'a == Adeola dai ya taɓa yin fice a manyan jaridun [[Najeriya]], The Guardian Newspapers Limited na tsawon shekaru 12 kuma ya kai matsayin Akanta. Adeola ya zarce zuwa Olatunji Omoyeni & Co, wani kamfani mai kula da lissafin kuɗi, inda ya jagoranci tawagar binciken na tsawon shekaru da dama, daga bisani kuma aka kara masa girma zuwa matsayin babban mai binciken kuɗi. Daga baya ya kafa nasa kamfani, SOOTEM Nigeria Limited,<ref>Global Light Industry trader – Sootem Nigeria Limited. Made-in-china.com (26 May 2009). Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> inda ya kasance manajan darakta kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa a kamfanin da ya kware a fannin tuntubar haraji.<ref>Abuja 2011. Liveway.tv. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> == Sana'ar siyasa == Bayan ya yanke shawarar shiga harkokin siyasa, wani lokaci a farkon jamhuriya ta 4, Adeola ya zama ɗan takarar fidda gwani na jam’iyyar Action Congress of Nigeria (Lagos) mai mulki a lokacin sannan aka zabe shi a matsayin mamba mai wakiltar mazaɓar Jahar Alimosho 2, a majalisar dokokin jihar Legas daga cikin shekara ta 2003 har zuwa 2007, sannan kuma daga 2007 zuwa 2011 aka zabe shi a matsayin dan takarar shugabancin kasa. dokar da ta karfafa hukumar tattara kuɗaɗen shiga ta jihar Legas, dokar da ta kayyade kudaden shigar jihar daga Naira biliyan 5 duk wata zuwa sama da Naira biliyan 20.<ref>Lagos generates N120bn from tax in 6 months". Vanguard. Retrieved 24 January 2019</ref> Har ila yau, yana cikin tawagar da ta zartar da dokar alhakin kasafin kudi da kuma dokar siyan kayayyakin gwamnati na jihar Legas. An zaɓi Adeola a matsayin dan majalisar tarayya don wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Alimosho a majalisar wakilan Najeriya a shekarar 2011. Kuma a lokacin da shugabannin majalisar suka ƙaddamar da kwamitocin majalisar, Rt. Hon. Aminu Tambuwal na mambobi, ya samu mukamin shugaban kwamitin tsarin mulki daya tilo, kwamitin kula da harkokin gwamnati na majalisar. Ya samu mukamin ne a matsayin dan majalisa na farko. Yanzu shi Sanata ne kuma mataimakin shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan harkokin sadarwa da kuma memba a kwamitocin kudi, ruwa, cikin gida da kimiyya da fasaha na majalisar dattijai.<ref>About Me | Senator Adeola Olamilekan Solomon. Yayiadeola.ng. Retrieved 30 July 2016</ref> An sake zabe shi a matsayin Sanata mai wakiltar Legas ta yamma a zaben 2019.<ref>Olowolagba, Fikayo (26 February 2019). "Nigeria Election Result: Winner of Lagos West senatorial seat emerges". Daily Post. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban kwamitin majalisar dattawa kan kasafin kuɗi na majalisar dattawa ta 10 a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2023.<ref>Lawan, Yari, Tambuwal, Oshiomhole, Sani Musa, Others Emerge Senate Committee Chairmen". This Day. Retrieved 8 August 2023</ref> == Memba == Adeola memba ne na Aids, Loans and Debt Management, gaggawa & Shirye-shiryen Bala'i, Sufurin Ƙasa da Albarkatun Man Fetur (Up Stream) kwamitocin.<ref>NGP KYG: Hon. Olamilekan Adeola Solomon. Kyg.nigeriagovernance.org (10 August 1969). Retrieved 30 July 2016.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 2i7h408s4fxabco9zcc2hwi3l6rzepb 0 105852 915919 667637 2026-09-04T01:29:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kungiyar Kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta Firimiya ta [[Najeriya]], sau da yawa ana taƙaita ta zuwa '''NPL''', ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta maza a Najeriya. Gasar ta kunshi kungiyoyi goma sha shida waɗanda aka rarraba su cikin tarurruka biyu bisa ga wurin ƙasa. Wadannan tarurruka sune Savannah da Atlantic. == Tsari == Gasar yawanci tana farawa daga Maris har zuwa tsakiyar shekara. Kowace kungiya tana buga wasanni 14 a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun bayan haka manyan kungiyoyi hudu sun cancanci wasan karshe na takwas wanda yawanci ke faruwa a filin wasa na Surulere Lagos. Kungiyar da ke kasan teburin a kowane taro an sake ta daga gasar. Zuwa ƙarshen shekara, ana gudanar da gasar zakarun Division 1 don sanin wanda za a ci gaba zuwa DSTV League don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar 2014, Royal Hoopers na Jihar Rivers da Niger Potter na Jihar Nigers dukansu sun sake komawa daga taron Atlantic da Savannah bi da bi. Dangane da haka, Delta Force da FCT Rocks sun sami ci gaba zuwa gasar bayan sun lashe gasar zakarun Division 1 a watan Nuwamba 2014. An yi gyare-gyare ga jadawalin abubuwan da suka faru a wannan kakar shekerar.  A karshen kakar wasa ta bana, ƙungiyoyi shida 6 na farko daga kowane taro za su buga wasannin sharen fagen shiga gasar domin tantance wanda ya yi nasara a kowane taro kafin manyan kungiyoyi hudu na kowane taron su buga wasan karshe na takwas na karshe don tantance wanda ya lashe gasar.  Wannan shi ne don ƙara yawan wasannin da kowace ƙungiya za ta buga a cikin wani yanayi na musamman. == Tarihi == An kafa gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya a shekarar 1995. A cikin 2017, [[Hukumar Kwallon Kwando ta Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Najeriya]] ta cimma yarjejeniya tare da Kwese Sports don haƙƙin taken league. Yarjejeniyar ta gudana har zuwa 2021, kuma ta kai dala miliyan 12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joshua |first=Odeyemi |date=April 9, 2017 |title=NBBF unveils Kwese Sports as new league sponsor |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/sports/nbbf-unveils-kwese-sports-as-new-league-sponsor/192781.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922003929/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/sports/nbbf-unveils-kwese-sports-as-new-league-sponsor/192781.html |archive-date=2017-09-22 |access-date=2017-09-21 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> Tun daga 2021, zakarun Premier League sun cancanci kai tsaye don kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta Kwallon Kwando ta Afirka (BAL), sabon matakin farko na Afirka da aka kirkira a matsayin hadin gwiwa ta [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] da FIBA. A cikin kakar 2021, Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni ta Najeriya ce ta shirya gasar, bayan da suka rushe kwamitin mai kula da NBBF.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-27 |title=Sports ministry dissolves NBBF caretaker committee |url=https://www.thecable.ng/sports-ministry-dissolves-nbbf-caretaker-committee |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> Dokokin FIBA sun hana gwamnatoci shiga tsakani a cikin tarayyar, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka yi mulkin gasar ba bisa ka'ida ba. A sakamakon haka, an cire Rivers Hoopers daga shiga cikin kakar BAL ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-15 |title=Why did Nigeria's Rivers Hoopers get booted out of the BAL? |url=https://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/33293775/why-did-nigeria-rivers-hoopers-get-booted-basketball-africa-league |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> == Tallafawa == Don dalilai na tallafawa ƙungiyar ta san sunan ya da yawa a wanzuwarta.  Na DSTV ne ya dauki nauyin gasar har zuwa 2017, wanda ke da take da haƙƙin TV ta hanyar yarjejeniyar kwangila.  Daga nan aka kira gasar da DSTV Premier Basketball League. . * Gasar Firimiya ta 7 * Vmobile Premier League (2006) * DSTV Premier Basketball League (2017) == Jerin masu nasara == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" !Lokacin ! width="180" |Zakarun Turai ! width="180" |Wanda ya zo na biyu !Ƙarshen Sakamakon !Ƙarshen zuwan !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference}} |- |2024 |'''Koguna Hoopers''' |Hoops & Read |71–54 | rowspan="2" |Rivers State Complex, Port Harcourt[[Port Harcourt|Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-19 |title=Rivers Hoopers are the 2024 Nigeria League champions |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-africa-champions-clubs-road-to-bal-2025/news/rivers-hoopers-are-the-2024-nigeria-league-champions |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> |- |2023 |'''Koguna Hoopers''' |Shugabannin Birnin Gboko |Round-robin |<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Niyi |title=Rivers Hoopers Crowned NBBF Final 4 Champions, Pick BAL Ticket |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Rivers-Hoopers-Crowned-NBBF-Final-4-Champions--Pick-BAL-Ticket |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=BSN Sports |archive-date=2023-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125214148/https://bsnsports.com.ng/post/Rivers-Hoopers-Crowned-NBBF-Final-4-Champions--Pick-BAL-Ticket |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[2022 NBBF Premier League|2022]] |'''Kwara Falcons''' |Al'adun Najeriya |78–53 |Filin wasa na kasa, Legas |<ref name="Omoniyi">{{Cite web |last=Omoniyi |first=Oluwaferanmi |date=2022-11-13 |title=NBBF Final 8: Kwara Falcons wins first title as High school student emereges MVP |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/565018-nbbf-final-8-kwara-falcons-wins-first-title-as-high-school-student-emereges-mvp.html |access-date=2022-11-15 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |20211<nowiki><sup id="mweQ">1</sup></nowiki> |'''Koguna Hoopers''' |Gombe Bulls |74–57 |Gidan Wasanni na [[Abuja]], Abuja | |- |2020 | colspan="5" |''Ba a gudanar da shi ba'' |- |[[Kofin Shugaban Kasa na NBBF 2019|2019]] |'''Koguna Hoopers''' |Raptors |97–57 |Filin wasa na kasa, Legas |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2019 |title=River Hoopers win 2019 NBBF President's Cup, qualify for Basketball Africa League |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/river-hoopers-win-2019-nbbf-presidents-cup-qualify-for-basketball-africa-league/}}</ref> |- |2018 |'''Gombe Bulls''' |Kwara Falcons | | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2018 |title=Gombe Bulls win 2018 Kwese Basketball League, get N20m prize |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/gombe-bulls-win-2018-kwese-basketball-league-get-n20m-prize-2.html |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> |- |2017 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Gombe Bulls | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Basketball: Kano Pillars Clinch Kwese League title |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/%E2%80%8Ebasketball-kano-pillars-clinch-kwese-league-title/ |access-date=2017-09-12 |website=September 9, 2017}}</ref> |- |2016 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Al'adun Najeriya | | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 28, 2016 |title=Kano Pillars Crowned Champions Of The 2016 DSTV Premier Basketball League |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/kano-pillars-crowned-champions-of-the-2016-dstv-premier-basketball-league/ |access-date=2017-09-12 |website=Eagle Online}}</ref> |- |2015 |'''Mark Mentors''' |[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]] | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark Mentors Win DSTV Basketball League |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/08/15/mark-mentors-win-dstv-basketball-league/ |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |- |2014 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Mark Mentors | | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2015 |title=Mark Mentors Win DSTV Basketball League |url=http://scannewsnigeria.com/sports/mark-mentors-win-dstv-basketball-league/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151010093632/http://scannewsnigeria.com/sports/mark-mentors-win-dstv-basketball-league/ |archive-date=10 October 2015 |access-date=2017-09-12}}</ref> |- |2013 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Bankin Tarayyar Turai | | |<ref name="kano">{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2013 |title=Basketball: Kano Pillars Emerge Champions of DSTV PBL |url=http://www.informationng.com/2013/09/basketball-kano-pillars-emerge-champions-of-dstv-pbl.html |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=Information Nigeria}}</ref> |- |2012 |'''Royal Hoopers''' |[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]] | | |<ref name="hoopers">{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2012 |title=Royal Hoopers Retain DStv Men's Basketball League Title |url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2012/08/01/royal-hoopers-retain-dstv-men%E2%80%99s-basketball-league-title/ |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=Tide News}}</ref> |- |2011 |'''Royal Hoopers''' |[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]] | | |<ref name="hoopers" /> |- |2010 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Bankin Tarayyar Turai | | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kano Pillars Wins 2013 DSTV Basketball League |url=http://teamnigeriabasketball.com/kano-pillars-wins-2013-dstv-basketball-league/ |access-date=2017-09-13}}</ref> |- |2009 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |[[Lagos Islanders|'Yan tsibirin Legas]] |83–72 | rowspan="3" |Filin wasa na kasa, Legas |<ref name="kano" /> |- |2008 |'''[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]]''' |Bankin Tarayyar Turai | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-03 |title=Nigeria - Kano Pillars win Premier Basketball League |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/Nigeria-Kano-Pillars-win-Premier-Basketball-League |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> |- |2007 |'''Comets na Ebun''' |Bankin Tarayyar Turai |74–64 |<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - Comets Win Premier League, Qualify for African Cup |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/Nigeria-Comets-Win-Premier-League-Qualify-for-African-Cup |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> |- |2006 |'''Dutsen Filayen''' |[[Dodan Warriors|Sojojin Dodan]] |2-0{{Efn|In the 2006 season, the Premier League final was played in a [[best-of-three series]].<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200706190911.html]</ref>}} |Filin wasa na Ahmadu Bello, [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] | |- |2005 |'''Comets na Ebun''' |Masu yin tukwane na Nijar |Round-robin | |<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NGR - Comets, Customs in VMobile Premier League opener |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/NGR-Comets-Customs-in-VMobile-Premier-League-opener |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> |- |2003 |'''Comets na Ebun''' | | | |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |title=Ebun Comets Lagos |url=https://www.eurobasket.com/index.aspx |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Eurobasket LLC}}</ref> |- |2001 |'''[[Lagos Islanders|<nowiki/>'Yan tsibirin Legas]]''' |Dutsen Filayen |70–55 | | |- |2000 |'''[[Lagos Islanders|<nowiki/>'Yan tsibirin Legas]]''' | | | | |- |1999 |'''[[Lagos Islanders|<nowiki/>'Yan tsibirin Legas]]''' | | | | |- |1998 |'''[[Lagos Islanders|<nowiki/>'Yan tsibirin Legas]]''' | | | | |- |1997 |'''[[Lagos Islanders|<nowiki/>'Yan tsibirin Legas]]''' | | | | |} <sup>1</sup> Ba NBBF ce ta shirya kakar 2021 ba, amma Ma'aikatar Matasa da Wasanni ta Najeriya ce don mayar da martani ga rashin . FIBA ba ta amince da Rivers Hoopers a matsayin zakara ba, wanda ya sa suka rasa matsayinsu a kakar BAL ta 2022. === Takardun shaida ta kulob din === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ !Kungiyar !Zakarun Turai !Masu gudu !Shekaru da aka samu |- |[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]] |7 |2 |2008, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017 |- |Koguna Hoopers |6 |0 |2011, 2012, 2019, 2021, 2023, 2024 |- |[[Lagos Islanders|'Yan tsibirin Legas]] |5 |0 |1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 |- |Comets na Ebun |3 |0 |2003, 2005, 2007 |- |Gombe Bulls |1 |2 |2018 |- |Dutsen Filayen |1 |1 |2006 |- |Kwara Falcons |1 |1 |2022 |} == Kungiyoyi == === Taron Savannah === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kungiyar !Birni |- |Mark Mentors |[[Abuja]] |- |Bauchi Nets |[[Bauchi (birni)|Bauchi]] |- |[[Kano Pillars BC|Ginshiƙan Kano]] |[[Kano (birni)|Kano]] |- |Masu kare jama'a |[[Abuja]] |- |Dutsen Filayen |[[Jos]] |- |Gombe Bulls |[[Gombe (birni)|Gombe]] |- |Masu yin tukwane na Nijar |[[Minna]] |- |Kada Taurari |[[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] |} === Taron Atlantic === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Kungiyar !Birni |- |Sojojin Oluyole |[[Ibadan]] |- |Ƙarfin Delta |[[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]] |- |Hoops da Karanta |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- |Al'adun Najeriya |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- |Rockets na NAF |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- |Baton 'yan sanda |[[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] |- |Yanayi |[[Bayelsa]] |- |Kwara Falcons |[[Ilorin]] |- |Koguna Hoopers |[[Port Harcourt|Port-Harcourt]] |- |} == A cikin Kungiyar Kwando ta Afirka == Zakarun gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya sun cancanci kai tsaye zuwa gasar Kwando ta Afirka (BAL). Kungiyoyi biyu, wato Rivers Hoopers da Kwara Falcons, sun wakilci kasar a cikin BAL har zuwa yanzu. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Wakilin ! colspan="4" |Hanyar zuwa BAL ! rowspan="100" | ! colspan="3" |Babban gasa |- ! width="35" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="35" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !Sakamakon !Ya cancanta ! width="35" |{{Tooltip|W|Won}} ! width="35" |{{Tooltip|L|Lost}} !Sakamakon |- |- |2021 |Koguna Hoopers| colspan=4 {{N/a|Directly qualified}} |1 |2 |Na uku a matakin rukuni |- |2022 |Koguna Hoopers| colspan=4 {{N/a|Directly qualified}}| colspan=3 {{Dropped|Disqualified}} |- |2023 |Kwara Falcons| colspan=4 {{N/a|Directly qualified}} |0 |5 |Na 6 a Taron Sahara |- |2024 | rowspan="2" |Koguna Hoopers| colspan=4 {{N/a|Directly qualified}} |6 |4 |{{Bronze medal}} |- |2025| colspan=4 {{N/a|Directly qualified}} |4 |4 |Wasanni na kusa da na karshe |- |- !Jimillar ! !- !- ! colspan="2" | !11 !15 ! |} == Kyaututtukan kowane ne == A wasu lokutan, NBBF ta ba da kyaututtuka ga 'yan wasan da suka fi dacewa a kakar Premier League. === Ƴan wasa mafiya daraja/muhimmanci=== {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * 2009 – Abubakar Usman, [[Kano Pillars BC|Kano Pillars]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-05 |title=NGR - Kano Pillars emerge Nigerian league champions |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/NGR-Kano-Pillars-emerge-Nigerian-league-champions |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> * 2011 – Abubakar Usman, Kano Pillars<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-26 |title=NGR - Nigeria name 16-man squad for training camp |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/NGR-Nigeria-name-16-man-squad-for-training-camp |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> * 2012 – [[Azuoma Dike]], Royal Hoopers<ref>{{Cite web |last=Afrbk: 15:50 |title=Basketball in Africa: NIGERIA : Premier Basketball League: Royal Hoopers BC road to glory |url=https://basket-in-africa.blogspot.com/2011/07/nigeria-premier-basketball-league-royal.html |access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> * 2013 – [[Azuoma Dike]], Kano Pillars<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-07 |title=Kano Pillars wins Nigerian Basketball league |url=https://nigerianbulletin.com/threads/kano-pillars-wins-nigerian-basketball-league.4184/ |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Nigerian Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2014 – Abubakar Usman, [[Kano Pillars BC|Kano Pillars]]<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Basketball in Africa: NIGERIA : MVP Usman Inspires Kano Pillars to Victory |url=http://basket-in-africa.blogspot.com/2014/07/nigeria-mvp-usman-inspires-kano-pillars.html |access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> * 2015 – [[Abdul Yahaya]], [[Royal Hoopers]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rivers Hoopers boost squad with Yahaya and Akita, set eyes on Elite 8 |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africaleague/2019/news/rivers-hoopers-boost-squad-with-yahaya-and-akita-set-eyes-on-elite-8 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en |quote=The 28-year-old Yahaya helped Mark Mentors to the Nigeria domestic league title in 2015 where he emerged as the Most Valuable Player [...]}}</ref> * 2016 – Abubakar Usman, [[Kano Pillars BC|Kano Pillars]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria new champions Kano Pillars qualify for FIBA Africa Champions Cup Zone 3 qualifier |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/news/nigeria-new-champions-kano-pillars-qualify-for-fiba-africa-champions-cup-zone-3-qualifier |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> * 2018 – Ibe Agu, [[Gombe Bulls]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moseph |first=Queen |date=2018-10-10 |title=2018 my greatest in basketball - Abdulrahman Mohammed |url=https://aclsports.com/2018-my-greatest-in-basketball-abdulrahman-mohammed/ |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=ACLSports |language=en-GB}}</ref> * 2019 – [[Abdul Yahaya]], [[Rivers Hoopers]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-19 |title=Nigeria's Rivers Hoopers secure BAL ticket |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/africaleague/2020/qualifiers/news/nigerias-rivers-hoopers-secure-bal-ticket |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=FIBA.basketball |language=en}}</ref> * 2021 – Anaiye Johnson, [[Rivers Hoopers]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saliu |first=Mohammed |date=2021-11-18 |title=Rivers Hoopers Knock Bulls to Claim Championship, BAL TIcket |url=https://www.brila.net/rivers-hoopers-knock-bulls-to-claim-championship-bal-ticket/ |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125222602/https://www.brila.net/rivers-hoopers-knock-bulls-to-claim-championship-bal-ticket/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> *2024 – [[Kelvin Amayo]], [[Rivers Hoopers]] {{div col end}} === Makurar ƴan wasan karshe masu daraja/muhimmanci === {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * 2017 – Nwafor Joseph, [[Kano Pillars BC|Kano Pillars]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NWAFOR JOSEPH`S DOUBLE DOUBLE COULDN`T SECURE KANO PILLARS` FIRST WIN OF THE SERI MUTIARA CUP 2017 |url=https://bballnaija.com/single.php?msg_id=243&cat=home |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=bballnaija.com}}</ref> * 2021 – [[Victor Anthony Koko]], [[Rivers Hoopers]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=RiversHoopers/status/1460823515024793602 |url=https://twitter.com/RiversHoopers/status/1460823515024793602 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en}}</ref> * 2022 – Dada Samuel, [[Kwara Falcons]]<ref name="Omoniyi"/> {{div col end}} ==Bayanan kula== {{Notelist}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ikesovaorkeulxt1v1bvx7kb7v48p8h 0 105951 915561 788687 2026-09-03T15:21:27Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 915561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dokar Canjin Yanayi''' doka ce ta Thai da aka gabatar don aiwatar da tsaka-tsaki na carbon da kuma manufofi masu mahimmanci. == Tarihi == A 2021, Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya ba da sanarwar cewa Thailand ta yi amfani da ita don rage hayakin gas a taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Glasgow (COP26).[1][2][3] Shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da kaiwa ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2050, da kuma net-zero a shekara ta 2065. [4] == Tarihin majalisa == An tsara lissafin ne bisa ga [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] ta 2016. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, an sanar da da rubutun farko na lissafin kuma ana sa ran za a gabatar da shi don la'akari da shi ta majalisar ministocin Thailand a watan Yunin shekara ta 2024. <ref name=":1" /> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2024, Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli ta kaddamar da shawarwarin jama'a na biyu don sake fasalin Dokar Canjin Yanayin Yanayi, a karkashin Ma'aikatu da Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Enviliance ASIA by EnviX |title=Thailand’s second public consultation of 2024 on climate bill introduces CBAM Framework {{!}} Enviliance ASIA |url=https://enviliance.com/regions/southeast-asia/th/report_13048#:~:text=On%20November%208,%202024,%20the,system%20until%20November%2022,%202024. |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Enviliacne ASIA |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ana sa ran za a gabatar da lissafin ga majalisar ministoci a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. == Shirye-shiryen == Kudin zai buƙaci kamfanoni a manyan bangarori don tattara da bayar da rahoto game da hayakin gas ga Ofishin albarkatun kasa da manufofin muhalli da tsarawa. Kudin ya kuma ba da shawarar inganta tallafin kuɗi ciki har da rance mai laushi daga kudaden muhalli da bankunan don tallafawa saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar kore.<ref name=":0" /> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa (Thailand) == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] 5tvoq65pytv60alv3iahqdl4xdfkra8 915562 915561 2026-09-03T15:22:03Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 915562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dokar Canjin Yanayi''' doka ce ta Thai da aka gabatar don aiwatar da tsaka-tsaki na carbon da kuma manufofi masu mahimmanci. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2021, Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya ba da sanarwar cewa Thailand ta yi amfani da ita don rage hayakin gas a taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Glasgow (COP26).[1][2][3] Shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da kaiwa ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2050, da kuma net-zero a shekara ta 2065. [4] == Tarihin majalisa == An tsara lissafin ne bisa ga [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] ta 2016. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, an sanar da da rubutun farko na lissafin kuma ana sa ran za a gabatar da shi don la'akari da shi ta majalisar ministocin Thailand a watan Yunin shekara ta 2024. <ref name=":1" /> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2024, Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli ta kaddamar da shawarwarin jama'a na biyu don sake fasalin Dokar Canjin Yanayin Yanayi, a karkashin Ma'aikatu da Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Enviliance ASIA by EnviX |title=Thailand’s second public consultation of 2024 on climate bill introduces CBAM Framework {{!}} Enviliance ASIA |url=https://enviliance.com/regions/southeast-asia/th/report_13048#:~:text=On%20November%208,%202024,%20the,system%20until%20November%2022,%202024. |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Enviliacne ASIA |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ana sa ran za a gabatar da lissafin ga majalisar ministoci a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. == Shirye-shiryen == Kudin zai buƙaci kamfanoni a manyan bangarori don tattara da bayar da rahoto game da hayakin gas ga Ofishin albarkatun kasa da manufofin muhalli da tsarawa. Kudin ya kuma ba da shawarar inganta tallafin kuɗi ciki har da rance mai laushi daga kudaden muhalli da bankunan don tallafawa saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar kore.<ref name=":0" /> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa (Thailand) == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] 8fo49nvpu02i5aislctff02gw1okjzn 915563 915562 2026-09-03T15:24:53Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Tarihi */ 915563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dokar Canjin Yanayi''' doka ce ta Thai da aka gabatar don aiwatar da tsaka-tsaki na carbon da kuma manufofi masu mahimmanci. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2021, Firayim Minista Prayut Chan-o-cha ya ba da sanarwar cewa Thailand ta yi amfani da ita don rage hayakin gas a taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Glasgow (COP26).[1][2][3] Shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da kaiwa ga tsaka-tsaki na carbon a shekara ta 2050, da kuma net-zero a shekara ta 2065. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change_Bill_(Thailand)#cite_note-5</ref> == Tarihin majalisa == An tsara lissafin ne bisa ga [[Yarjejeniyar Paris]] ta 2016. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, an sanar da da rubutun farko na lissafin kuma ana sa ran za a gabatar da shi don la'akari da shi ta majalisar ministocin Thailand a watan Yunin shekara ta 2024. <ref name=":1" /> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2024, Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli ta kaddamar da shawarwarin jama'a na biyu don sake fasalin Dokar Canjin Yanayin Yanayi, a karkashin Ma'aikatu da Muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Enviliance ASIA by EnviX |title=Thailand’s second public consultation of 2024 on climate bill introduces CBAM Framework {{!}} Enviliance ASIA |url=https://enviliance.com/regions/southeast-asia/th/report_13048#:~:text=On%20November%208,%202024,%20the,system%20until%20November%2022,%202024. |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Enviliacne ASIA |language=en-US}}</ref> A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024, ana sa ran za a gabatar da lissafin ga majalisar ministoci a watan Janairun shekara ta 2025. == Shirye-shiryen == Kudin zai buƙaci kamfanoni a manyan bangarori don tattara da bayar da rahoto game da hayakin gas ga Ofishin albarkatun kasa da manufofin muhalli da tsarawa. Kudin ya kuma ba da shawarar inganta tallafin kuɗi ciki har da rance mai laushi daga kudaden muhalli da bankunan don tallafawa saka hannun jari a cikin fasahar kore.<ref name=":0" /> == Dubi kuma == * Dokar Tsabtace Ruwa (Thailand) == Bayanan da aka ambata == <references /> [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] 4k8alwudfxgbswryhrc5ek4y96gmg1c 0 107771 916028 707747 2026-09-04T10:29:09Z Usman saadu 46863 916028 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lark_Hill_Beach_Cowden.jpg|left|thumb|Yankin Lark Hill]] '''Colden Parva''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Little Cowden''') tsohon ƙauye ne da Ikklisiya na Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire wanda ya ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku. Sunan ya ci gaba a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ikklisiya da ke rufe Aldbrough da ke kusa har zuwa cikin shekarun 1970. An koma Ikklisiya zuwa na Mappleton . <ref>{{Cite web |title=North division: Mappleton {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol7/pp306-321 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref> Sunansa yana nufin tudu inda aka ƙone gawayi. == Tarihi == An rubuta ƙauyen ''Little Cowden'' a cikin Domesday Book a matsayin ɗayan ƙananan wuraren da ke cikin rikodin Domesday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Little] Cowden {{!}} Domesday Book |url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TA2442/little-cowden/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=opendomesday.org}}</ref> An lissafa ƙauyen Little Cowden kamar yana da gidaje bakwai a cikin shekarar 1401, kuma ana zaune har zuwa shekarar 1517, lokacin da aka bar shi sosai.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Rubuce-rubucen Ikilisiya sun nuna cewa an kori mutane 24 bisa umarnin St Mary's Abbey a York. Kodayake wasu gonaki sun ci gaba a yankin, yawancin ƙasar da ke cikin Ikklisiya da ƙauyen sun ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Cowden |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=81805&resourceID=19191 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> An rubuta ƙauyen a matsayin "mai zubar da teku" a cikin 1690, amma cocin ya ɓace tun farkon shekara ta 1627. Yankin ya zama mallakar iyalin Ros, sannan iyalin le Despenser, kuma a ƙarshe Wentworths.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Little Cowden / Colden Parva an jera shi a matsayin ƙauye saboda yana da coci da aka keɓe ga St John the Evangelist . Kasancewar cocin da kuma alaƙa a cikin addini zuwa Ikklisiyar Aldbrough, yana nufin cewa sunan ƙauyen har yanzu an jera shi a cikin shekarun 1970s. Littafin Shekara na Diocesan na York na 1975 yana da shigarwa don "Aldbrough, St Bartholomew, tare da Colden Parva, St John the Evangelist (yanzu a cikin teku). " Kamar yadda 'yan kadada na Ikklisiya har yanzu suna wanzu a kan busassun ƙasa, ana ci gaba da zabar masu kula da coci a cikin shekarun 1970 saboda wani aiki wanda ya fara zuwa karni na 13. Sassan tsohuwar Ikklisiya har yanzu suna nan a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20, tare da Ikklisiya da ke rufe yanki na kadada 728 (295 a cikin shekara ta 1852, duk da haka, asarar ƙasa saboda lalacewar bakin teku an jera shi a matsayin 3.8 yadudduka (3.5 a shekara.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Abin da ya rage na Colden Parva a cikin 1892 gonaki biyu ne a ƙarƙashin ɗayan sunansa na ''Little Cowden'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Genuki: Mappleton Parish information from Bulmers' 1892., Yorkshire (East Riding) |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Mappleton/Mappleton92 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=genuki.org.uk}}</ref> Yawancin abin da ya rage na Colden Parva / Little Cowden an wanke shi a shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid coastal zone assessment survey; Bempton to Donna Nook phase 2 part 2 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/7443/RCZASYorkshireandLincolnshire_BemptontoDonnaNookPhase2Part2aGazetteers |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=historicengland.org.uk |page=105}}</ref> === RAF Cowden === Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal ta yi aiki a filin bama-bamai na {{Convert|600|acre}} a kan rairayin bakin teku a RAF Cowden tsakanin 1959 da 1998. An rufe kewayon ne saboda lalacewar bakin teku, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a gabar tekun Gabas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pye |first=K. |last2=Blott |first2=S. J. |date=December 2015 |title=Spatial and temporal variations in soft-cliff erosion along the Holderness coast, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK |journal=Journal of Coastal Conservation |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=785–808 |doi=10.1007/s11852-015-0378-8 |s2cid=128996067}}</ref> Rushewar a kai a kai tana nuna kayan da aka binne. A watan Fabrairun 2021, an ba Brimstone Site Investigation kwangilar fam miliyan 1.5 don share kayan daga shafin a tsawon shekaru hudu. Yarjejeniyar ita ce ta farko da aka ba wa kamfani na farar hula ta Hukumar Tsaro (DIO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contract awarded to clear unexploded ordnance from Mappleton Beach |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/contract-awarded-to-clear-uxo-from-mappleton-beach |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref>&nbsp; Ƙungiyar HM Coastguard ta gida a Hornsea akai-akai tana halartar rahotanni na kayan aiki a farkon misali kuma tana aika da cikakkun bayanai ga Cibiyar Ayyukan Humber Coastguard da Cibiyar Ayyuka ta EOD don yanke shawara kan hanyar da ta dace don zubar. Dukkanin kayan da aka samu a bakin tekun ya kamata a kai rahoto ga masu tsaron bakin teku ta hanyar kiran 999. No. 5131 (BD) Squadron ya yi amfani da shi don turawa daga RAF Wittering a Cambridgeshire don yin tsoffin bama-bamai lafiya amma an rushe su a cikin 2019 tare da Sojojin Burtaniya da Royal Navy EOD ƙungiyoyin suna ci gaba da aiki a cikin ƙasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} aqb428tuz2jr773f7cqa59qchu4luvr 916030 916028 2026-09-04T10:31:21Z Usman saadu 46863 916030 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Lark_Hill_Beach_Cowden.jpg|left|thumb|Yankin Lark Hill]] '''Colden Parva''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Little Cowden''') tsohon ƙauye ne da Ikklisiya na Gabashin Riding na Yorkshire wanda ya ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku. Sunan ya ci gaba a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ikklisiya da ke rufe Aldbrough da ke kusa har zuwa cikin shekarun 1970. An koma Ikklisiya zuwa na Mappleton . <ref>{{Cite web |title=North division: Mappleton {{!}} British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/yorks/east/vol7/pp306-321 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref> Sunansa yana nufin tudu inda aka ƙone gawayi. == Tarihi == An rubuta ƙauyen ''Little Cowden'' a cikin Domesday Book a matsayin ɗayan ƙananan wuraren da ke cikin rikodin Domesday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Little] Cowden {{!}} Domesday Book |url=https://opendomesday.org/place/TA2442/little-cowden/ |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=opendomesday.org}}</ref> An lissafa ƙauyen Little Cowden kamar yana da gidaje bakwai a cikin shekarar 1401, kuma ana zaune har zuwa shekarar 1517, lokacin da aka bar shi sosai.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Rubuce-rubucen Ikilisiya sun nuna cewa an kori mutane 24 bisa umarnin St Mary's Abbey a York. Kodayake wasu gonaki sun ci gaba a yankin, yawancin ƙasar da ke cikin Ikklisiya da ƙauyen sun ɓace saboda lalacewar bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Cowden |url=https://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=81805&resourceID=19191 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=heritagegateway.org.uk}}</ref> An rubuta ƙauyen a matsayin "mai zubar da teku" a cikin 1690, amma cocin ya ɓace tun farkon shekara ta 1627. Yankin ya zama mallakar iyalin Ros, sannan iyalin le Despenser, kuma a ƙarshe Wentworths.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Little Cowden / Colden Parva an jera shi a matsayin ƙauye saboda yana da coci da aka keɓe ga St John the Evangelist . Kasancewar cocin da kuma alaƙa a cikin addini zuwa Ikklisiyar Aldbrough, yana nufin cewa sunan ƙauyen har yanzu an jera shi a cikin shekarun 1970s. Littafin Shekara na Diocesan na York na 1975 yana da shigarwa don "Aldbrough, St Bartholomew, tare da Colden Parva, St John the Evangelist (yanzu a cikin teku). " Kamar yadda 'yan kadada na Ikklisiya har yanzu suna wanzu a kan busassun ƙasa, ana ci gaba da zabar masu kula da coci a cikin shekarun 1970 saboda wani aiki wanda ya fara zuwa karni na 13. Sassan tsohuwar Ikklisiya har yanzu suna nan a cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20, tare da Ikklisiya da ke rufe yanki na kadada 728 (295 a cikin shekara ta 1852, duk da haka, asarar ƙasa saboda lalacewar bakin teku an jera shi a matsayin 3.8 yadudduka (3.5 a shekara.{{Sfn|Fletcher|2002}} Abin da ya rage na Colden Parva a cikin 1892 gonaki biyu ne a ƙarƙashin ɗayan sunansa na ''Little Cowden'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Genuki: Mappleton Parish information from Bulmers' 1892., Yorkshire (East Riding) |url=https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/ERY/Mappleton/Mappleton92 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=genuki.org.uk}}</ref> Yawancin abin da ya rage na Colden Parva / Little Cowden an wanke shi a shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rapid coastal zone assessment survey; Bempton to Donna Nook phase 2 part 2 |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/7443/RCZASYorkshireandLincolnshire_BemptontoDonnaNookPhase2Part2aGazetteers |access-date=1 September 2023 |website=historicengland.org.uk |page=105}}</ref> === RAF Cowden === Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal ta yi aiki a filin bama-bamai na {{Convert|600|acre}} a kan rairayin bakin teku a RAF Cowden tsakanin 1959 da 1998. An rufe kewayon ne saboda lalacewar bakin teku, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a gabar tekun Gabas.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pye |first=K. |last2=Blott |first2=S. J. |date=December 2015 |title=Spatial and temporal variations in soft-cliff erosion along the Holderness coast, East Riding of Yorkshire, UK |journal=Journal of Coastal Conservation |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=785–808 |doi=10.1007/s11852-015-0378-8 |s2cid=128996067}}</ref> Rushewar a kai a kai tana nuna kayan da aka binne. A watan Fabrairun 2021, an ba Brimstone Site Investigation kwangilar fam miliyan 1.5 don share kayan daga shafin a tsawon shekaru hudu. Yarjejeniyar ita ce ta farko da aka ba wa kamfani na farar hula ta Hukumar Tsaro (DIO). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contract awarded to clear unexploded ordnance from Mappleton Beach |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/contract-awarded-to-clear-uxo-from-mappleton-beach |access-date=27 June 2023 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref>&nbsp; Ƙungiyar HM Coastguard ta gida a Hornsea akai-akai tana halartar rahotanni na kayan aiki a farkon misali kuma tana aika da cikakkun bayanai ga Cibiyar Ayyukan Humber Coastguard da Cibiyar Ayyuka ta EOD don yanke shawara kan hanyar da ta dace don zubar. Dukkanin kayan da aka samu a bakin tekun ya kamata a kai rahoto ga masu tsaron bakin teku ta hanyar kiran 999. No. 5131 (BD) Squadron ya yi amfani da shi don turawa daga RAF Wittering a Cambridgeshire don yin tsoffin bama-bamai lafiya amma an rushe su a cikin shekarar 2019 tare da Sojojin Burtaniya da Royal Navy EOD ƙungiyoyin suna ci gaba da aiki a cikin ƙasa. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h5o0m42du515r8uef9lquniq0i5kqx4 0 107886 915967 889363 2026-09-04T08:30:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cap da dividend''' tsarin ciniki ne na kasuwa wanda ke riƙe da hanyar ƙwanƙwasawa ta asali na ƙwanƙwalwa da kasuwanci, amma kuma ya haɗa da diyya ga masu amfani da makamashi. Wannan diyya shine don daidaita farashin samfuran da kamfanonin da ke haɓaka farashi ga masu amfani sakamakon wannan manufofi.<ref name="cap1">{{Cite journal |last=Boyce |first=James K. |date=August 2009 |title=Cap and Dividend: A State-By-State Analysis |url=http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727185435/http://www.progressive-economics.org/papers/CAP_DIVIDEND_states.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-27 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Shirin ya fara ne tare da wasu gwamnatoci da ke saita ƙididdigar gurɓataccen gurɓata (misali, don hayakin carbon) da sayar da izinin gurɓata ga jama'a bi da bi. Ana buƙatar masu gurɓata su sayi waɗannan ƙididdigar don daidaita abubuwan gurɓataccen su. Wasu daga cikin masu samar da farashin da ake biya don gurɓata za su haifar da farashi mafi girma ga masu amfani, waɗanda a matsayin 'yan ƙasa suna fuskantar farashi na muhalli na gurɓata. A karkashin tsarin kari da raba, kuɗaden shiga na jama'a da aka tara daga siyar da kudaden gurɓataccen gurɓatacce ana ba da su ga 'yan ƙasa ko masu amfani a matsayin tallafi don haɓaka inganci.<ref name="cap2">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter |title=How cap and dividend works |url=http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2010-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203141146/http://www.capanddividend.org/?q=readfirst |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == Manufar wannan nau'in haraji shi ne rage yawan fitar da carbon. Wannan yayi gata da tsarin ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci, tare da babban bambanci shi ne cewa 'yan ƙasa suna karɓar biyan kuɗi daga kuɗin haya na gurɓataccen da aka kama a fili, maimakon barin darajar damar gurɓata don zama masu zaman kansu.<ref name="cap3">{{Cite journal |last=Barnes |first=Peter. |date=December 2008 |title=Cap and Dividend, Not Trade: Making Polluters Pay |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=cap-and-divident-not-trade |doi=10.1038/scientificamericanearth1208-20 |access-date=2010-11-30}}</ref> Biyan rabon kuma na iya tallafawa ƙarin abubuwan da aka tsara don ƙarfafa masu amfani don haɓaka ingancin makamashi, yayin da ƙwanƙwasawa da kasuwanci ba su haɗa kai tsaye da mabukaci ba. Asusun Amincewa da Yanayi mai Lafiya shine hukumar da ke cikin gwamnatin Amurka wacce ke kula da manufofin ƙwanƙwasawa. Za su cika wannan ta hanyar tattara da rarraba kuɗaɗe daga tsarin rufewa.<ref name="cap1"/> == Ma'anar == '''''An ba da ma'anoni masu dacewa game da cap-and-dividend:''''' * '''Cap-and-Dividend:''' Cap-and'dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.[1]<blockquote>Cap-and-dividend wata hanya ce ta rage hayaki mai guba (GHG). Manufar tana da sauƙi: ana sanya iyaka ko ƙwanƙwasawa a kan iskar gas daga wasu tushe; ana buƙatar waɗannan tushe don samun izini don rufe hayakin gas ɗin su kuma ana ba da rabon daga sayar da izinin kai tsaye ga masu amfani ta hanyar raguwa ko ƙididdigar haraji don biyan kuɗin da aka kara farashin makamashi. Ana sanya murfin a kan tushen 'sama' - kamar masu samar da man fetur - don rufe abubuwan da ke cikin carbon na man fetur da suke Rarraba. Ana iya ba da izinin wasu ƙayyadaddun ciniki, amma yawanci kawai tsakanin tushen da aka rufe.<ref name="cap5">{{Cite journal |last=(ACMWG) |first=Agricultural Cultural Market Working Group |year=2009 |title=Cap-and-Dividend and Agriculture |url=https://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |access-date=2010-11-30 |archive-date=2011-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093254/http://www.agcarbonmarkets.com/documents/ACMWG%20White%20Paper_Cap-and-Dividend%20and%20Ag_Final.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref></blockquote> Don ma'anoni a kan Cap-and-Trade, duba kasuwancin hayakiKasuwancin fitarwa == Tarihi == Ɗan kasuwa na Amurka [[Peter Barnes (entrepreneur)|Peter Barnes]] ne ya fara gabatar da ra'ayin a karkashin sunan "Skytrust" a cikin littafinsa na shekarar 2001, Who Owns the Sky?. Barnes ya canza sunan kafin zaɓen shekarar 2008 yayin da ya fara ƙoƙari ya ɗaga bayanin ra'ayin tare da sabon littafi, Climate Solutions: A Citizens Guide da kuma tambayoyin kafofin watsa labarai da yawa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McDougall |first=J. S. |date=2008-07-22 |title=Reducing Emissions: Cap-and-Say What? |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/reducing-emissions-cap-an_b_112677 |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=HuffPost |language=en}}</ref> Ya sami goyon baya a cikin aikinsa daga kungiyoyi irin su On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap622">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> An yi muhawara sosai game da manufofin tare da [[Joseph J. Romm|Joe Romm]] yana kiranta "ba cikakke ba" kuma mujallar Time ta yaba da ita a matsayin hanyar "Win the War on Global Warming". === Halitta === An fara tunanin ra'ayin ne daga ɗan kasuwa na Amurka Peter Barnes da irin waɗannan kungiyoyi kamar On the Commons, ƙungiyar cibiyar sadarwa wacce ke inganta muhalli, mafita masu alaƙa da al'umma.<ref name="cap6">{{Cite journal |last=de Place |first=Eric |date=5 June 2009 |title=Van Hollen's Cap and Dividend |url=https://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |publisher=Sightline Institute |access-date=30 Nov 2010 |archive-date=12 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112230237/http://daily.sightline.org/daily_score/archive/2009/05/06/van-hollens-cap-and-dividend |url-status=dead }}</ref> 0onk1r6mlqfjlc1am5btk5anj2gsmwn 0 107997 915481 903984 2026-09-03T13:11:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Alice Stokes Paul''' (An haife shi a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, shekara ta alif 1885 zuwa ranar 9 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta alif 1977) ta kasance 'yar Amurka ce, mai ba da izini, mai bautar mata, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata, kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin da masu dabarun kamfen ɗin Kwaskwarimar Na goma sha tara ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka, wanda ya haramta nuna bambancin jima'i a cikin haƙƙin jefa kuri'a. Paul ya fara, tare da Lucy Burns da sauransu, sun shirya abubuwan da suka faru kamar su Woman Suffrage Procession da Silent Sentinels, waɗanda suka kasance wani ɓangare na nasarar kamfen ɗin da ya haifar da fasalin gyare-gyare a watan Agusta shekarar 1920. Paul sau da yawa yana fama da zalunci na 'yan sanda da sauran cin zarafin jiki saboda gwagwarmayarta, koyaushe yana amsawa da rashin tashin hankali da ƙarfin zuciya. An tsare ta a cikin mummunan yanayi a shekarar 1917 saboda shiga cikin zanga-zangar Silent Sentinels a gaban [[White House|Fadar White House]], kamar yadda ta kasance sau da yawa a lokacin kokarin da aka yi a baya don samun kuri'un mata a Ingila. Bayan 1920, Paul ya shafe rabin karni a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, wanda ya yi yaƙi don Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki, wanda Paul da Crystal Eastman suka rubuta, don tabbatar da daidaito na tsarin mulki ga mata. Ta sami babban nasara na dindindin tare da hada mata a matsayin rukuni da aka kare daga nuna bambanci ta [[Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == [[Fayil:AlicePaulHelenGardener.png|thumb|Paul da Helen Gardener, c. 1908-1915]] An haifi Alice Stokes Paul a ranar 11 ga watan Janairu, shekarar 1885, ga William Mickle Paul I da Tacie ''Parry'' Paul a Paulsdale a Dutsen Laurel Township, [[New Jersey]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Paul |url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/alice-paul |access-date=January 10, 2018 |website=National Women's History Museum}}</ref> Ta kasance mai suna Alice Stokes, kakarta ta uwa kuma matar William Parry. 'Yan uwanta sune Willam Mickle Paul II, Helen Paul Shearer, da Parry Haines Paul . Ta girma a cikin al'adar Quaker na hidimar jama'a; Alice Paul ta fara koyo game da zaɓen mata daga mahaifiyarta, memba na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Amurka (NAWSA), kuma wani lokacin tana shiga mahaifiyarta wajen halartar tarurrukan sufragist.<ref name="Institute"/> Paul ta halarci Makarantar Abokai ta Moorestown, inda ta kammala karatu a saman aji.<ref name="Education">{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2011 |title=Paul, Alice Stokes |url=https://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/paul-alice-stokes/ |publisher=Social Welfare History Project |access-date=July 26, 2025 |archive-date=April 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425134628/http://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/paul-alice-stokes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 1901, ta shiga Kwalejin Swarthmore, wacce kakanta da sauran Abokan Hicksite suka kafa a 1864. Yayinda take Swarthmore, Paul ta yi aiki a kwamitin zartarwa na Gwamnatin Dalibai, gogewar da wataƙila ta haifar da farin ciki ga gwagwarmayar siyasa. Ta kammala karatu daga Swarthmore tare da digiri na farko a ilmin halitta a shekara ta 1905. <ref name="Institute"/> Bayan kammala karatunsa, wani bangare don kauce wa shiga koyarwa, Paul ya bi shekara ta zumunci a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], yana zaune a Lower East Side a Rivington Street Settlement House . <ref name="Image3">{{Cite web |title=Image 3 of Official program woman suffrage procession. Washington, D.C. March 3, 1913. |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.20801600/?sp=3&st=text |access-date=April 21, 2022 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Yin aiki a cikin yunkurin daidaitawa ya karfafa ƙudurin da ta yi na gyara rashin adalci a Amurka, amma nan da nan Paul ya fahimci cewa aikin zamantakewa ba shine hanyar da ta cimma wannan burin ba: "Na san a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba zan taɓa zama ma'aikacin zamantakewa ba, saboda zan iya ganin cewa ma'aikatan zamantakewa ba sa yin kyau a duniya ... ba za ku iya canza halin da ake ciki ta hanyar aikin zamantakewa" {{Spaces}} A shekara ta 1907, bayan kammala karatun kimiyya, ilimin zamantakewa, da tattalin arziki, Paul ya sami digiri na Master of Arts daga [[Pennsylvania]]" id="mwWA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="University of Pennsylvania">Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref name="Institute">{{Cite web |title=Who Was Alice Paul |url=https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909083624/https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/ |archive-date=September 9, 2014 |publisher=Alice Paul Institute}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Nazarin Quaker ta Woodbrooke a [[Birmingham]], Ingila. Paul ya kuma dauki darussan tattalin arziki daga Jami'ar Birmingham yayin da yake ci gaba da samun kudi ta hanyar aikin zamantakewa. A Birmingham ne ta fara jin Christabel Pankhurst yana magana. Lokacin da Paul daga baya ya koma London don nazarin ilimin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan tawaye ta Mata da Siyasa (WSPU) karkashin jagorancin Christabel da mahaifiyarta, Emmeline Pankhurst . An kama Paul sau da yawa a Landan yayin zanga-zangar neman zabe kuma ya yi wa'adin kurkuku sau uku. Bayan dawowa daga Ingila a 1910, ta halarci Jami'ar Pennsylvania, inda ta sami Ph.D. a fannin zamantakewa. Rubutun ta yana da taken "The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania"; ya yi magana game da tarihin ƙungiyar mata a Pennsylvania da sauran Amurka kuma ya bukaci mata su zabi a matsayin babban batun ranar. Bayan tabbatar da Kwaskwarimar ta goma sha tara, Paul ya shiga makarantun shari'a guda biyu, yana ɗaukar darussan rana da maraice don kammala da sauri. A shekara ta 1922, Paul ta sami LL. Digiri na B daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Washington a Jami'ar Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoring Alice Paul |url=https://www.wcl.american.edu/history/alicepaul.cfm |access-date=September 3, 2010 |publisher=[[Washington College of Law]]}}</ref> A shekara ta 1927, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin shari'a, kuma a 1928, ta sami digiri a fannin dokar farar hula daga Jami'ar Amurka. == Ayyuka == === Burtaniya === [[Fayil:Alice_Paul_(1915)_by_Harris_&_Ewing.jpg|thumb|Paul a cikin 1915]] A shekara ta 1907, bayan kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, Paul ta koma [[Ingila]], inda ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar mata ta Burtaniya, a kai a kai tana shiga cikin zanga-zangar da kuma tafiye-tafiye na Ƙungiyar Mata da Siyasa (WSPU). Bayan "kwarewar juyawa" ganin Christabel Pankhurst yana magana a Jami'ar Birmingham, Paul ya zama mai sha'awar motsi. Ta fara shiga ta hanyar sayar da mujallar suffragist a kusurwoyin tituna. Idan aka yi la'akari da ƙiyayya ga mata masu rinjaye, wannan aiki ne mai wahala kuma ya buɗe idanunta ga cin zarafin mata da ke cikin motsi da ke fuskanta. Wadannan gogewa, haɗe da koyarwar Farfesa Beatrice Webb, sun shawo kan Paul cewa aikin zamantakewa da sadaka ba za su iya kawo canje-canjen zamantakewa da ake buƙata a cikin al'umma ba: wannan za a iya cim ma ta hanyar daidaito na doka ga mata.<ref name=":0" /> Yayinda yake a Landan, Paul ya kuma sadu da Lucy Burns, ɗan'uwan Amurka mai fafutuka, yayin da aka kama shi a ofishin 'yan sanda na Burtaniya, wanda zai zama muhimmin abokin tarayya na tsawon lokacin yakin neman zabe, da farko a Ingila, sannan a Amurka. Matan biyu sun burge fitattun mambobin WSPU kuma sun fara shirya abubuwan da suka faru da ofisoshin yakin neman zabe. Lokacin da Emmeline Pankhurst ta yi ƙoƙari ta yada motsi zuwa Scotland, Paul da Burns sun bi ta a matsayin mataimakan. Paul ta sami amincewar 'yan uwanta na WSPU ta hanyar baiwarta tare da maganganun gani da kuma shirye-shiryenta na sanya kanta cikin haɗari na jiki don kara ganuwar motsi na sufuri. Yayinda yake a hedikwatar WSPU a Edinburgh, Paul da 'yan mata na cikin gida sun yi shiri don nuna rashin amincewa da jawabin Ministan Harkokin Waje, Sir Edward Grey. A mako guda da suka gabata, sun yi magana da mutane a kan tituna don inganta ilimi game da dalilin da ya sa suke zanga-zanga game da memba na majalisar. Bayan Grey ya tattauna dokar da aka gabatar da shi ya yi iƙirarin cewa za ta haifar da wadata a taron, Paul ya tashi tsaye ya ce: "To, waɗannan manufofi ne masu ban mamaki, amma ba za ku iya ba da su ga mata ba?" 'Yan sanda sun amsa ta hanyar jan ta daga taron kuma ta tituna zuwa ofishin' yan sanda, inda aka kama ta. Kamar yadda aka tsara, mutane da yawa sun kalli wannan aikin a matsayin yin shiru na jama'a game da zanga-zangar da ta dace da kuma kara yawan manema labarai da kuma jin tausayi na jama'ar. Abubuwan da suka faru daga baya sun haɗa da ƙarin haɗarin raunin jiki. Kafin taron siyasa a St. Andrew's Hall a [[Glasgow]] a watan Agustan 1909, Paul ya kafa sansani a kan rufin zauren don ta iya magana da taron da ke ƙasa. Lokacin da 'yan sanda suka tilasta mata ta sauka, taron jama'a sun yi murna da kokarin ta. Daga baya, lokacin da Paul, Burns, da 'yan uwan su suka yi ƙoƙari su shiga taron, 'yan sanda sun buge su yayin da masu kallo suka yi ƙoƙari suka kare su. Bayan an kama Paul da 'yan zanga-zangar, taron jama'a sun taru a waje da ofishin 'yan sanda suna neman a saki matan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fotheringham |first=Ann |date=September 25, 2018 |title=Thanks for the Memories: Glasgow's Votes for Women celebration at Mitchell |url=https://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/16900627.thanks-for-the-memories-glasgows-votes-for-women-celebration-at-mitchell/ |access-date=September 27, 2018 |website=Evening Times}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Nuwamba, 1909, don girmama Ranar Ubangiji, Ubangiji Magajin [[Landan]] ya shirya biki ga ministocin majalisar a cikin Gidan Gida na birnin. Paul ya shirya martani na WSPU; ita da Amelia Brown sun yi kama da mata masu tsaftacewa kuma sun shiga ginin tare da ma'aikatan al'ada a karfe 9:00 na safe. Da zarar sun shiga cikin ginin, matan sun ɓoye har sai taron ya fara a wannan maraice. Sai suka fito daga ɓoye kuma suka "yi tsayin daka". Lokacin da Firayim Minista H. H. Asquith ya tsaya don yin magana, Brown ta jefa takalminta ta cikin gilashin gilashi, kuma mata biyu sun yi ihu, "Votes for women!" Bayan wannan taron, an kama mata biyu kuma an yanke musu hukuncin aiki tuƙuru na wata ɗaya bayan sun ki biyan tarar da lalacewar taga. An tsare ta a Kurkukun Holloway da ke Landan.&nbsp; ==== Rashin biyayya da yajin aikin yunwa ==== Yayinda yake da alaƙa da Kungiyar Jama'a da Siyasa ta Mata, an kama Paul sau bakwai kuma an ɗaure shi sau uku.<ref name="Dodd"/> A lokacin da take kurkuku ne ta koyi dabarun rashin biyayya daga Emmeline Pankhurst. Babban daga cikin wadannan dabarun yana buƙatar a bi da shi a matsayin fursunonin siyasa bayan kama shi. Wannan ba wai kawai ya aika da sako game da halattacciyar masu goyon baya ga jama'a ba har ma yana da damar samar da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci. A kasashe da yawa na Turai, gami da Ingila, an ba fursunonin siyasa matsayi na musamman: "[Ba a bincika T]hey ba a lokacin da aka kama shi, ba a sanya shi tare da sauran fursunoni ba, ba a buƙatar su sa tufafin kurkuku ba, kuma ba a tilasta musu ciyar ba idan sun shiga yajin aikin yunwa. " Ko da aka kama masu neman izini sau da yawa ba su matsayin fursunonin Siyasa ba, wannan nau'in rashin biyayya ya ba da manema labarai da yawa ga WSPU. Misali, a lokacin da aka kama shi a London (bayan an hana shi matsayin fursunonin siyasa), Paul ya ki sanya tufafin fursunoni. Bayan da matrons na kurkuku ba su iya cire ta da karfi ba, sai suka nemi taimako daga masu gadi maza. Wannan aikin, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi ba daidai ba ta hanyar [[Zamanin Victorian]], ya ba da cikakken labarai ga motsi na sufuri.<ref name=":0" /> Wata sananniyar dabarar rashin biyayya ta farar hula da masu goyon baya suka yi amfani da ita ita ce yajin aikin yunwa. Yunkurin yunwa na farko da ya shafi WSPU ya gudanar da shi ne ta hanyar mai zane Marion Wallace Dunlop a watan Yunin 1909. A wannan fall, membobin WSPU suna amfani da shi sosai saboda tasirinsa wajen yada mummunar yadda aka yi musu da kuma samun saki da sauri daga masu kula da kurkuku. Ƙin abinci ya yi aiki don tabbatar da sakin Paul da wuri a lokacin da aka kama ta biyu na farko. Koyaya, a lokacin da ta kasance a kurkuku ta uku, mai kula da gidan ya ba da umarni sau biyu a kowace rana don tilasta wa Paul ƙarfi don kammala hukuncinsa na tsawon wata. Kodayake kurkuku sun ci gaba da cewa tilasta ciyar da fursunoni don amfanin kansu ne, Paul da sauran mata sun bayyana wannan tsari a matsayin mai azabtarwa. Paul ta kamu da ciwon Gastritis mai tsanani a ƙarshen watan da take kurkuku. An fitar da ita daga kurkuku kuma nan da nan likita ya kula da ita. Koyaya, bayan wannan taron, lafiyarta ta kasance mai rauni har abada; sau da yawa tana samun mura da mura, wanda wani lokacin zai buƙaci asibiti. An baiwa Paul lambar yabo ta yunwa 'don jaruntaka' ta WSPU. === Amurka === Bayan wahalar da ta samu a kurkuku ta karshe a London, Paul ta koma Amurka a watan Janairun 1910 don ci gaba da warkewarta da kuma samar da shirin yin aiki a gida.<ref name="Dodd"/> Kwarewar Paul a Ingila an yada ta sosai, kuma kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka sun fara bin ayyukanta a lokacin da ta dawo gida. Ta yi amfani da koyarwar Woodbrooke da addininta kuma nan da nan ta yanke shawarar cewa tana so ta rungumi manufa ɗaya a matsayin shaida. Manufar da ta zaɓa ita ce amincewa da mata a matsayin 'yan ƙasa daidai. Paul ta sake shiga Jami'ar Pennsylvania, tana bin Ph.D. yayin da take magana game da abubuwan da ta samu a cikin ƙungiyar sufuri ta Burtaniya ga masu sauraron Quaker kuma ta fara aiki don sufuri na Amurka a matakin gida. Bayan kammala karatunta, cikakken bayani game da tarihin matsayin shari'a na mata na Amurka, ta fara shiga cikin tarurrukan Ƙungiyar Mata ta Amurka (NAWSA), kuma a watan Afrilu 1910, an nemi ta yi magana a taron shekara-shekara na NAWSA. Bayan wannan babbar dama, Paul da Burns sun ba da shawarar ga jagorancin NAWSA kamfen don samun gyare-gyaren tarayya wanda ke tabbatar da kuri'un mata. Wannan ya saba wa dabarun NAWSA na jihar-by-state. Paul da Burns sun yi dariya da jagorancin NAWSA; kawai banda Jane Addams, wanda ya ba da shawarar cewa mata su rage shirin su. A matsayin martani, Paul ya nemi a sanya shi a Kwamitin Majalisa na kungiyar. ==== 1913 Gudun Zaɓin Mata ==== {{Clear}} [[Fayil:Inez_Milholland_1913_two.jpg|thumb|[[Inez Milholland]] yana jagorantar Gudanar da Mata a kan doki a 1913]] [[Fayil:Official_Program_Woman_Suffrage_Procession_-_March_3,_1913.jpg|thumb|Rufewa ga shirin na 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession, wanda Paul ya shirya]] Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan farko na Paul shine farawa da shirya Shirin Mata na 1913 a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], ranar da za a rantsar da Shugaba Wilson. Paul ya ƙaddara ya matsa wa Wilson saboda ofishin Shugaban kasa zai iya rinjayar Majalisa sosai. Ta sanya masu sa kai don tuntuɓar masu sufragists a duk faɗin ƙasar da kuma tara magoya baya don tafiya a cikin fareti. A cikin 'yan makonni, Bulus ya yi nasarar tara kusan masu zanga-zanga dubu takwas da ke wakiltar mafi yawan ƙasar. Koyaya, tana da matsala sosai don samun goyon bayan ma'aikata don zanga-zangar. Paul ya nace cewa hanyar fareti ta wuce ta Pennsylvania Avenue inda Shugaba Wilson zai kasance. Manufarta ita ce ta aika da sakon cewa turawa ga 'yancin mata ya wanzu kafin Wilson kuma zai wuce shi idan ya cancanta. Jami'an Washington da farko sun yi tsayayya da wannan hanyar, kuma a cewar mai ba da labari Christine Lunardini, Paul ne kawai ya yi imanin cewa za a gudanar da fareti a wannan hanyar. A ƙarshe, birnin ya ba da hanyar ga NAWSA. Koyaya, mai kula da birni ya yi iƙirarin cewa matan ba za su kasance lafiya ba a kan Hanyar Pennsylvania Avenue kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa ƙungiyar ta motsa fareti. Paul ya amsa ta hanyar neman mai kula da birni ya samar da karin 'yan sanda, wanda ba a yi ba. A ranar 3 ga Maris, 1913, fareti ya sami izini tare da Majalisa ta zartar da ƙuduri na musamman da ke ba da umarni ga mai kula da birni ya hana duk zirga-zirga na yau da kullun tare da hanyar fareti da kuma hana duk wani tsangwama tare da masu zanga-zangar. A ranar taron, procession ya ci gaba da hanyar da Bulus yake so. Wannan taron, wanda sanannen lauyan ma'aikata [[Inez Milholland]] ya jagoranta da ke sanye da fararen tufafi kuma yana hawa doki, ''New York Times'' ta bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan abubuwan da aka taɓa yi a wannan ƙasar". An kuma nuna ƙungiyoyi da yawa, banners, squadrons, karusai, da jiragen ruwa a cikin fareti da ke wakiltar rayuwar mata. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan da aka gani shine tutar jagora a cikin fareti wanda ya bayyana, "Muna Bukatar Kwaskwarimar Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka da ke ba da izini ga Mata na Kasar. " Wasu kungiyoyi da shugabannin da suka halarci, duk da haka, suna son ƙungiyoyin mata masu baƙar fata da fararen fata da wakilan jihohi su ware; bayan tattaunawa mai yawa, NAWSA ta yanke shawarar cewa mata baƙar fata za su iya tafiya a inda suke so.<ref name="Dodd"/> Duk da haka, an tambayi [[Ida B. Wells]] kada ta yi tafiya tare da tawagar Illinois; a ƙarshe, ta shiga ƙungiyar Chicago kuma ta ci gaba da tafiya tare da wakilan jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sklar |first=Kathryn Kish |last2=Dias |first2=Jill |date=1997 |title=How Did the National Woman's Party Address the Issue of the Enfranchisement of Black Women, 1919–1924? |url=https://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/nwp/INTRODUC.html |access-date=December 18, 2018}}</ref> Fiye da rabin mutane miliyan sun zo don kallon fareti. Ba tare da isasshen kariya ta 'yan sanda ba, ba da daɗewa ba yanayin ya zama kusan rikici, tare da masu kallo suna matsawa kusa da mata da cewa ba za su iya ci gaba ba. 'Yan sanda ba su yi komai ba don kare mata daga masu tayar da kayar baya. Wani sanata wanda ya shiga cikin tafiyar daga baya ya shaida cewa shi da kansa ya ɗauki lambobin lambar jami'ai 22 da suka tsaya ba tare da aiki ba, ciki har da sajan biyu. A ƙarshe, mambobin [[Massachusetts]] da Pennsylvania National Guard sun shiga tsakani, kuma ɗalibai daga Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta [[Maryland]] sun ba da shingen ɗan adam don taimakawa mata su wuce. Wasu asusun har ma sun bayyana Boy Scouts kamar yadda suke shiga da kuma ba da taimakon farko ga waɗanda suka ji rauni. Lamarin ya haifar da tattaunawar jama'a game da martani na 'yan sanda ga zanga-zangar mata, wanda ya haifar da wayar da kan jama'a da tausayi ga NAWSA. <ref name="Dodd"/> ==== Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa ==== {{Clear}}Hanyoyin Paul na yaƙi sun fara haifar da tashin hankali tsakanin ita da shugabannin NAWSA, waɗanda suka yi tunanin tana motsawa da ƙarfi a Washington. A ƙarshe, rashin jituwa game da dabarun da dabarun ya haifar da hutu tare da NAWSA. Paul ya kafa Kungiyar Majalisa don Zaɓin Mata kuma, daga baya Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa (NWP) a cikin 1916.[19] NWP ta fara gabatar da wasu hanyoyin da ƙungiyar sufuri ta yi amfani da su a Burtaniya kamar masu tsaron gida kuma sun mai da hankali gaba ɗaya kan cimma gyare-gyaren kundin tsarin mulki don sufuri na mata.<ref name="Dodd">{{Cite journal |last=Dodd |first=Lynda G. |year=2008 |title=Parades, pickets, and prison: Alice Paul and the virtues of unruly constitutional citizenship |journal=Journal of Law & Politics |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=339–443 |ssrn=2226351}}</ref> Alva Belmont, mai yawan jama'a a lokacin, ita ce babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga kokarin Paul. NWP ta kasance tare da labaran jarida da kuma buga jaridar mako-mako, The Suffragist . == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} A cikin Zaben shugaban Amurka na 1916, Paul da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa (NWP) sun yi yakin neman zabe a jihohin yamma inda mata za su iya jefa kuri'a a kan ci gaba da kin amincewa da Shugaba Woodrow Wilson da sauran 'Yan Democrat na yanzu don tallafawa Kwaskwarimar Zabe. Paul ya tafi Mabel Vernon don taimaka mata ta shirya kamfen ɗin zanga-zanga. A watan Janairun 1917, NWP ta shirya zanga-zangar siyasa ta farko da zanga-zambe a [[White House|Fadar White House]]. Dokar Clayton Antitrust ta shekara ta 1914 ta ba da izini ga yin zanga-zangar, don haka mata ba sa yin wani abu ba bisa ka'ida ba. Masu zanga-zangar, da ke shiga cikin yakin neman rashin biyayya na farar hula da aka sani da "Silent Sentinels", sun yi ado da fari, shiru kuma tare da 2,000 da ke shiga sama da shekaru biyu, sun kasance kwanaki shida a mako, suna riƙe da banners suna neman haƙƙin jefa kuri'a. Paul ya san hanyar da za su iya cimma burinsu ita ce ta hanyar nuna halin Shugaban kasa game da zaɓen, don haka yin zanga-zanga zai cimma wannan a hanya mafi kyau. Kowace rana Bulus zai ba da "Janar Dokoki", yana zaɓar mata don su zama masu kula da waɗanda za su yi magana don ranar. Ita ce "Komandan", kuma Mabel Vernon ita ce "Officer of the Day". Paul ya kirkiro kwanakin jihar don samun masu sa kai don yin zanga-zangar, kamar Pennsylvania Day, Maryland Day, da Virginia Day. Ta kuma yi kwanaki na musamman ga mata masu sana'a, kamar likitoci, ma'aikatan jinya, da lauyoyi.<ref name=":14" /> Bayan Amurka ta shiga [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1917, mutane da yawa sun kalli masu zanga-zangar Silent Sentinels a matsayin marasa aminci. Paul ya tabbatar da cewa za a ci gaba da yin zanga-zanga. A watan Yunin 1917, an kama masu zanga-zangar saboda "tsayar da zirga-zirga". A cikin watanni shida masu zuwa, an yanke wa mutane da yawa, ciki har da Paul, hukunci kuma an tsare su a Gidan aiki na Occoquan a Virginia (wanda daga baya ya zama Lorton Correctional Complex) da [[Washington, D.C.|Gundumar Columbia]]. Lokacin da jama'a suka ji labarin kamawar farko, wasu sun yi mamakin cewa manyan 'yan mata da mata masu alaƙa da juna suna zuwa kurkuku saboda zanga-zangar lumana. Shugaba Wilson ya sami mummunar tallace-tallace daga wannan taron kuma ya yi fushi da matsayin da aka tilasta masa shiga. Nan da nan ya gafarta wa mata na farko da aka kama a ranar 19 ga Yuli, kwana biyu bayan an yanke musu hukunci, amma ya ci gaba da bayar da rahoto game da kamawa da cin zarafin. Alal misali, ''Jaridar Boston'' ta bayyana cewa, "Ƙaramin ƙungiyar da ke wakiltar NWP an yi mata cin zarafi kuma an yi mata rauni daga ma'aikatan gwamnati, sojoji, da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa har sai ƙoƙarin da take yi na jawo hankalin Shugaban kasa ya nutse cikin lamirin dukan al'umma".<ref name="Dodd"/> Suffragists sun ci gaba da yin zanga-zanga a waje da Fadar White House bayan gafarar Wilson kuma a duk lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Banners din su sun ƙunshi irin waɗannan taken kamar "Mista Shugaba, Yaya Tsawon Lokaci Mata Su Yi Tsaro ga 'Yanci?" <ref name="Night">{{Cite web |last=Bernikow |first=Louise |date=October 30, 2004 |title=Night of Terror Leads to Women's Vote in 1917 |url=https://womensenews.org/story/our-story/041029/night-terror-leads-womens-vote-1917#.U073a1xbtuY |website=Women's eNews}}</ref> da kuma "Za Mu yi Yaƙi da Abubuwan da muke Tsayawa Kusan Zuciyarmu - Don Dimokuradiyya, Don Hakkin Wadanda suka miƙa wa Hukuma don samun Murya a cikin Gwamninsu. " Tare da fatan kunyatar da Wilson, wasu daga cikin banners sun nakalto kalmomin Wilson a kansa. Wilson ya yi watsi da waɗannan mata, amma 'yarsa Margaret ta yi murna, babbar nasara ga masu zanga-zangar. Kodayake masu goyon bayan sufragists sun yi zanga-zanga cikin lumana, wasu lokuta ana adawa da zanga-zangarsu. Yayin da suke zanga-zangar, samari za su tsananta wa mata kuma su buge su, tare da 'yan sanda ba su taɓa shiga tsakani a madadin masu zanga-zambe ba. Har ma 'yan sanda za su kama wasu maza da suka yi kokarin taimakawa matan da ake yi musu duka. Ko da yake sun yi zanga-zanga a lokacin yaƙi, sun ci gaba da tallafawa jama'a ta hanyar tayar da hankali. An kama wasu masu zanga-zangar kuma an tura su Occoquan ko Gundumar Gundumar a duk wannan lokacin. Ba a sake ba da gafara ba.<ref name="Dodd"/> === Kurkuku, yajin aikin yunwa, da kuma wucewar Kwaskwarima ta goma sha tara === [[Fayil:Alice_paul.jpg|thumb|Paul toasting (tare da ruwan inabi) sashi na Kwaskwarima ta goma sha tara a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 1920 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Was Alice Paul? |url=https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909083624/https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/ |archive-date=September 9, 2014 |access-date=April 6, 2017 |website=Alice Paul Institute}}</ref>]] A cikin hadin kai tare da sauran masu fafutuka a cikin kungiyarta, Paul da gangan ya yi ƙoƙari ya karɓi hukuncin ɗaurin watanni bakwai wanda ya fara a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 1917. Ta fara yin hidima a lokacinta a Gundumar Gundumar.[25] Ko an tura su Occoquan ko Kurkukun Gundumar, ba a ba mata kulawa ta musamman ba a matsayin fursunonin siyasa. Dole ne su zauna a cikin mawuyacin hali tare da rashin tsabta, abinci mai cike da abinci, da kuma mummunan wurare.<ref name="Dodd"/> Don nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin da ke gidan yarin gundumar, Paul ya fara yajin aikin yunwa. Wannan ya haifar da cewa an tura ta zuwa asibitin asibiti na kurkuku kuma an tilasta ta ciyar da ƙwai ta hanyar bututun abinci. "Yana kama da kusan ba za a iya tunaninsa ba yanzu, shin ba haka ba ne?" Paul ya gaya wa wani mai tambayoyin daga American Heritage lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da ciyar da tilas, "Yana da ban tsoro cewa gwamnatin maza za ta iya kallon irin wannan matsanancin raini ga motsi wanda ke neman komai sai dai irin wannan ƙaramin abu mai sauƙi kamar haƙƙin jefa kuri'a. " A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba, 1917, 'yan adawa da aka daure a Occoquan sun jimre da zalunci da ake zargi da amincewa da hukumomin kurkuku wanda aka fi sani da "Night of Terror". Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa (NWP) ta je kotu don nuna rashin amincewa da yadda ake bi da mata kamar Lucy Burns, Dora Lewis, da Alice Cosu, abokin zamanta a Kurkukun Occoquan, wanda ya kamu da ciwon zuciya yayin da ya ga yanayin Dora.<ref name=":3" /> Daga baya aka tura matan zuwa Gundumar Gundumar inda Paul ya lalace. Duk da zalunci da ta fuskanta kuma ta shaida, Paul ya kasance ba tare da tsoro ba. A ranar 27 da 28 ga watan Nuwamba, an saki dukkan 'yan adawa daga kurkuku.[19] A cikin watanni biyu, Wilson ta sanar da lissafin kan 'yancin mata na jefa kuri'a.<ref name=":3" /> === Bayan Zaɓin Ƙara === Bayan Suffrage, Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa (NWP) ta ci gaba da yin lobby a Majalisa da kasashen waje, tana ba da shawara ga daidaito na doka ga mata. Alice Paul da mambobin NWP sun sami nasarar yin amfani da su don hada tanadin daidaito a cikin [[Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], kamar kalmar nan "daidaitaccen haƙƙin maza da mata da na manyan da ƙananan ƙasashe". An ba da NWP tare da tsara sama da 300 na dokoki waɗanda suka zama doka. Paul ta kasance a cikin mukamai na jagoranci, a hukumance da kuma ba bisa ka'ida ba, har sai da ta koma Connecticut a shekara ta 1974. === Kwaskwarimar Daidaita Hakki === [[Fayil:116th_United_States_Congress_H.J.Res._038_(1st_session)_-_Removing_the_deadline_for_the_ratification_of_the_equal_rights_amendment.pdf|alt=|thumb|In January 2019, the House and Senate introduced resolutions to remove the deadline for ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment, which was added in 1972 and which Paul accurately predicted would compromise the ERA's chances for success.]] Da zarar an sami 'yancin zaɓe a cikin 1920, Paul da wasu mambobin Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa sun mai da hankali ga tabbacin tsarin mulki na daidaito ta hanyar Kwaskwarimar Hakkin Haɗin Kai (ERA), wanda Paul da Crystal Eastman suka rubuta.<ref name="Lakewood2">{{Cite web |title=Alice Paul Biography |url=https://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619192543/https://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2006 |access-date=May 1, 2006 |website=Lakewood Public Library: Women in History}}</ref> An tsara shi kuma an gabatar da shi ga Majalisa a cikin 1923, rubutun asali na Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki - wanda Paul da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa suka kira "Lucretia Mott Amendment" don girmama wannan mai adawa da bautar da masu fafutuka na ƙarni na baya - karanta, "Maza da mata za su sami daidaito daidai a duk faɗin Amurka kuma duk wani wuri da ke ƙarƙashin ikon ta" A cikin 1943, an sake sunan gyaran da shi "Alice Paul Amendment, kuma ya ƙunshi kalmomin da aka rage shi zuwa ga wannan tsarin mulki wanda har yanzu ya wanzuwar Amurka ba za ta hanyar Amurka ba za a duk wani asusun da ita ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women of Protest: Photographs of the National Woman's Party |url=https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/women-protest/history5.html |website=Library of Congress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Paul Institute: History of the Equal Rights Amendment |url=https://www.alicepaul.org/era/ |access-date=January 30, 2019 |website=www.alicepaul.org/era/}}</ref> Paul ya fahimci darajar siyasa guda ɗaya don gina hadin gwiwa da tabbatar da nasara.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cott |first=Nancy F. |date=June 1984 |title=Feminist Politics in the 1920s: The National Woman's Party |url=https://harvey.binghamton.edu/~hist266/era/cott2.htm |url-status=dead |journal=Journal of American History |pages=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508032010/https://harvey.binghamton.edu/~hist266/era/cott2.htm |archive-date=May 8, 2021 |access-date=March 13, 2019}}</ref> Ba kowa ya amince da matakan gaba ko ERA ba; daga farko, gyaran yana da masu sukar sa. Duk da yake gwagwarmayar Paul a cikin shekaru bayan sufuri ta mayar da hankali kan tabbatar da kariya ta doka don daidaito na mata a Amurka da kasashen waje, wasu masu gwagwarmaya da wasu mambobin NWP sun mayar da hankali ga batutuwa da yawa daga kula da haihuwa da sanyaya iska zuwa ilimantar da sabbin mata masu jefa kuri'a. Wasu daga cikin abokan Paul na baya a cikin sufuri sun sami ERA mai wahala, musamman tunda sun yi imanin cewa zai lalata dokokin kariya - dokoki game da yanayin aiki ko mafi yawan sa'o'i da ke kare mata a wurin aiki. Idan ERA ta tabbatar da daidaito, abokan adawar sun yi jayayya, dokokin kariya ga mata za su zama marasa amfani kuma marasa amfani. Kungiyar masu jefa kuri'a ta mata (LWV), wacce ta goyi bayan dokokin wurin aiki ga mata, ta yi adawa da Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki. Paul da abokan aikinta, ciki har da ƙaramin rukuni daga NWP, sun yi tunanin cewa dokokin wurin aiki na jima'i sun ƙuntata ikon mata na yin gasa don aiki tare da maza da samun albashi mai kyau. A zahiri, Paul ya yi imanin cewa dokokin kariya sun cutar da masu karbar albashi saboda wasu ma'aikata sun kore su kawai maimakon aiwatar da kariya a kan yanayin aiki wanda ke kare mata. An biya mata ƙasa da maza, sun rasa ayyuka suna buƙatar su yi aiki da daddare - sau da yawa haramtacciyar doka a ƙarƙashin dokokin kariya - kuma an daɗe an hana su shiga ƙungiyoyin kwadago daidai da maza. Ta kuma yi imanin cewa ya kamata a bi da mata a karkashin doka kamar yadda maza suke ba a matsayin aji da ke buƙatar kariya ba. Ga Paul, irin wannan kariya wani nau'i ne kawai na "rashin daidaito na doka," matsayin da Harriot Stanton Blatch ya raba.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last=Fry |first=Amelia R. |date=September 1995 |title=Alice Paul and the ERA |journal=Social Education |pages=285–289 |id={{ProQuest|<!-- Add ProQuest data here -->}}}}</ref> Ga Paul, ERA ita ce hanya mafi inganci don tabbatar da daidaito na doka. Paul ya yi tsammanin ma'aikatan mata su taru a bayan ERA; wasu sun yi, da yawa ba su yi ba. Duk da yake da farko, akwai bege tsakanin mambobin NWP cewa za su iya tsara lissafin da zai inganta daidaito yayin da yake tabbatar da kariya ta aiki ga mata, ga Paul, wannan ya saba wa juna. Abin da ya fi haka, ta yi mamakin lokacin da Florence Kelley, Ethel Smith, Jane Addams, da sauran masu goyon bayan mata suka rabu da ita kuma suka dace da dokokin kariya. Yayinda Paul ta ci gaba da aiki tare da NWP har ma ta sake zama shugaban kasa a cikin shekarun 1940, ta ci gaba leken asiri ga daidaito na mata a matsayin aikinta na musamman. Tare da ERA, Paul ya yi aiki a madadin irin wannan kokarin a cikin dokokin jihohi da kuma yanayin kasa da kasa. Ta taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa sanarwar [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta haɗa da daidaito ga mata. Ta yi fatan cewa wannan zai karfafa Amurka ta bi hakan. Paul ya yi aiki don canza dokokin da suka canza matsayin 'yan ƙasa na mace bisa ga na mijinta. A Amurka, matan da suka auri maza daga kasashen waje sun rasa 'yancin Amurka kuma Amurka ta dauke su' yan ƙasa na kowace ƙasa da mazajensu suka fito. Ga Bulus, wannan keta daidaito ne. Saboda haka, ta yi nasarar yin aiki a madadin Yarjejeniyar Daidaita Kasa ta Duniya a 1933 da kuma Amurka don nasarar aiwatar da Dokar Daidaita Kasuwanci a 1934, wanda ya bar mata su riƙe 'yancin su a lokacin aure. Bayan da aka kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a 1945, Paul ya so ya tabbatar da cewa daidaito na mata wani bangare ne na sashin kungiyar kuma cewa Hukumar Kula da 'Yancin Dan Adam ta haɗa da mayar da hankali kan daidaito na Mata a cikin Universal Declaration of Human Rights.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Paul |url=https://www.nps.gov/bepa/learn/alice-paul.htm |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=National Park Service; Belmont-Paul Women's Equality}}</ref> Ta yi nasara: fitowar karshe ta sanarwar a 1948 ta buɗe tare da ambaton "daidaitaccen haƙƙin maza da mata". An gabatar da ERA a Majalisa a cikin 1923 kuma yana da tsaunuka da kwari daban-daban na tallafi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa yayin da Paul ya ci gaba da turawa don wucewa. Akwai rahotanni masu kyau na kwamitin a Majalisa a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, kuma tare da ƙarin mata da ke aiki a ayyukan maza a lokacin yakin, goyon bayan jama'a ga ERA ya karu. A shekara ta 1946, ERA ta wuce da kuri'u uku a Majalisar Dattijai, ba mafi rinjaye da ake buƙata don ci gaba ba. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, zai sami kuri'un Majalisar Dattijai amma ya kasa a cikin Majalisar, don haka ya dakatar da shi daga ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2014 |title=Chronology of the Equal Rights Amendment, 1923–1996 |url=https://now.org/resource/chronology-of-the-equal-rights-amendment-1923-1996/ |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=National Organization for Women}}</ref> An karfafa Paul lokacin da gwagwarmayar mata ta sami tururi a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970, wanda ta yi fatan zai nuna nasara ga ERA. Lokacin da lissafin ya wuce Majalisa a 1972, Paul bai yi farin ciki ba game da canje-canje a cikin kalmomin ERA wanda yanzu ya haɗa da iyakar lokaci don tabbatar da wucewarsa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fry |first=Amelia |date=September 1995 |title=Alice Paul and the ERA |journal=Social Education |pages=285–286 |id={{ProQuest|<!-- Add ProQuest data here -->}}}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara sun yi jayayya cewa wannan sulhu - sabon lokacin da aka kara shekaru bakwai don tabbatarwa a cikin jihohi - ya ba da damar wucewar ERA a Majalisa, amma Paul ya yi hasashen cewa hada iyakar lokaci zai tabbatar da cin nasara. Bugu da kari, wannan sigar ta sanya ikon tilasta aiki a hannun gwamnatin tarayya kawai; asalin Paul da kuma sake fasalin 1943 ya buƙaci jihohi biyu da gwamnatin tarayya su kula da tanadinta. Fassarar Paul ta kasance mai basira da dabarun siyasa: 'yan siyasa da suka yi imani da haƙƙin jihohi, gami da jihohin Kudancin da yawa, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kyvig |first=David E. |year=1996 |title=Historical Misunderstandings and the Defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_public-historian_winter-1996_18_1/page/54 |journal=The Public Historian |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=54–55 |doi=10.2307/3377881 |jstor=3377881 |doi-access=}}</ref> sun fi dacewa da tallafawa ERA wanda ya ba jihohi wasu ikon tilasta iko fiye da sigar da ba ta yi ba.<ref name=":03"/> An tabbatar da cewa Paul daidai ne: yayin da ERA ta sami karin shekaru uku daga Majalisa, ya kasance jihohi uku ba tare da waɗanda ake buƙata don tabbatarwa ba.{{Clear}}Paul ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kara kariya ga mata a cikin Title VII na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964, duk da adawar masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka ji tsoron hakan zai kawo karshen dokokin kariya ga Mata. An kara haramtacciyar nuna bambancin jima'i ga Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Howard W. Smith, wani dan jam'iyyar Democrat mai iko na Virginia wanda ya jagoranci Kwamitin Dokokin Majalisar. An amince da gyaran Smith ta hanyar kuri'un mai ba da kuɗi na 168 zuwa 133. Shekaru ashirin, Smith ya dauki nauyin Kwaskwarimar Daidaitaccen Hakki a cikin House saboda ya yi imani da daidaito ga mata, duk da cewa ya yi adawa da daidaito na baƙi. Shekaru da yawa, ya kasance kusa da Jam'iyyar Mata ta Kasa, musamman ga Paul. Ita da sauran 'yan mata sun yi aiki tare da Smith tun 1945, suna ƙoƙarin neman hanyar da za ta haɗa jima'i a matsayin ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Freeman |first=Jo |date=March 1991 |title=How 'Sex' Got into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy |url=https://www.jofreeman.com/lawandpolicy/titlevii.htm |journal=Law and Inequality |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=163–184}}</ref> Alice Paul, kamar yawancin mata da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na farko, ta yi adawa da zubar da ciki. An nakalto Paul yana cewa, "Abortion shine mafi girman cin zarafin mata". <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC – Ethics – Abortion: Early feminists |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/mother/early.shtml |access-date=2024-02-09 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Fayil:Alice_Paul-Gravesite.jpg|thumb|Kabarin Paul a Cinnaminson, New Jersey]] Paul tana da rayuwar zamantakewa har sai da ta koma Washington, DC, a ƙarshen 1912. Ta kasance memba mai aiki a cikin <nowiki>''Ya'</nowiki>ya mata na juyin juya halin Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Suffrage March Centennial Anniversary Online Exhibition |url=https://www.dar.org/archives/suffrage-march-centennial-anniversary-online-exhibition |access-date=October 12, 2024 |website=[[Daughters of the American Revolution]]}}</ref> Tana jin daɗin dangantaka ta kusa da mata kuma ta yi abota da kuma wasu lokuta tare da maza. Paul bai adana wasiƙu na sirri ba ga mafi yawanci, don haka akwai ƙananan bayanai game da rayuwarta. Da zarar Paul ta ba da kanta ga lashe kuri'un mata, sai ta sanya kokarin sufuri na farko a rayuwarta. Duk da haka, Elsie Hill da Dora Kelly Lewis, mata biyu da ta sadu da su tun da wuri a cikin aikinta na NAWSA, sun kasance kusa da ita duk rayuwarsu. Ta san William Parker, masanin da ta sadu da shi a Jami'ar Pennsylvania, na shekaru da yawa; yana iya gabatar da tayin aure a shekarar 1917.[56] A shekara ta 1974, Paul ya kamu da bugun jini kuma an sanya shi a gidan kula da tsofaffi a ƙarƙashin kulawar dan uwanta, wanda ya lalata dukiyarta. Labarin jiharta ba tare da kudi ba ya kai ga abokai, kuma asusun ajiyar Quaker da sauri ya taimaka wa Paul. Paul ya mutu yana da shekaru 92 a ranar 9 ga Yuli, 1977, a Greenleaf Extension Home wani wurin Quaker a Moorestown, New Jersey, kasa da mil daga wurin haihuwarta da gidan yarinta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Greenleaf Extension Home |url=https://www.seniorhousingnet.com/seniorliving-detail/greenleaf-extension_28-e-main-st_moorestown_nj_08057-530176 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204005804/https://www.seniorhousingnet.com/seniorliving-detail/greenleaf-extension_28-e-main-st_moorestown_nj_08057-530176 |archive-date=December 4, 2018 |access-date=December 3, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Education"/> An binne ta a Westfield Friends Burial Ground a Cinnaminson, New Jersey . Baƙi galibi suna barin bayanan a kan kabarinta don gode mata saboda aikinta na tsawon rayuwarta a madadin haƙƙin mata. [[Fayil:Alice_Paul-unc-rev.jpg|thumb|Paul da aka nuna a shirin auren farko na 2012 na tsabar kudi na dala goma a matsayin mai maye gurbin shugaban kasa ba shi da matar aure]] [[Fayil:Alice_Paul_dorm,_Swarthmore_College_(2)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Gidan zama na Alice Paul a Kwalejin Swarthmore a Swarth More, Pennsylvania, mai suna don girmama Paul]] An shigar da Paul a cikin Hall of Fame na Mata na Kasa a 1979, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alice Paul |url=https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/alice-paul/ |website=National Women's Hall of Fame}}</ref> kuma a cikin Hall na Fame na New Jersey a 2010. Alma mater dinta, Kwalejin Swarthmore, ta ba da sunan Cibiyar Mata ta Alice Paul don girmama ta, sunan da ake amfani da shi daga 1975 zuwa farkon shekarun 1990. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Women's Resource Center Records |url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/6Q031wrc |website=TriCollege Libraries Archives and Manuscripts |access-date=2025-07-26 |archive-date=2025-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002020318/https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/6Q031wrc |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, Swarthmore ta bude gidan zama na Alice Paul. Jami'ar Jihar Montclair a New Jersey ta kuma ba da sunan ɗakin kwana (Alice Paul Hall) don girmama ta. A ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2016, Shugaba [[Barack Obama]] ya sanya gidan Sewall-Belmont a matsayin Belmont-Paul Women's Equality National Monument, mai suna Alice Paul da Alva Belmont . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hefler |first=Jan |date=April 14, 2016 |title=White House honors Alice Paul's Washington headquarters |url=https://www.philly.com/philly/news/politics/20160413_White_House_honors_Alice_Paul_s_Washington_headquarters.html |website=Philly.com}}</ref> Jami'ar Pennsylvania, alma mater dinta na digiri, tana kula da Cibiyar Alice Paul don Bincike kan Jima'i, Jima'a, da Mata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Pennsylvania |date=January 21, 2020 |title=Alice Paul Center |url=https://www.sas.upenn.edu/gsws/center/about |website=Alice Paul Center}}</ref> Kasashe biyu sun girmama ta hanyar bayar da hatimi: Biritaniya a 1981 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macaulay |first=Susan |title=Alice Paul (Suffragette/Political Activist) |url=https://amazingwomenrock.com/alice-paul-suffragettepolitical-activist |access-date=June 25, 2018 |website=amazingwomenrock.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> da Amurka a 1995. Stamp din Amurka shine jerin manyan Amurkawa na $ 0.78.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 1995 |title=78-Cent Paul |url=https://arago.si.edu/category_2043117.html |access-date=June 25, 2018 |website=Arago: People, Postage & The Post}}</ref> Paul ya bayyana a kan tsabar zinare na rabin ounce na Amurka a cikin 2012 a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin tsabar zinariya na farko. Wani tanadi a cikin Shirin Kudin Shugaban kasa na $ 1 ya ba da umarnin cewa a girmama ma'aurata na Shugaban kasa. Kamar yadda Shugaba Chester A. Arthur ya kasance gwauruwa, an nuna Paul yana wakiltar "zamanin Arthur". Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin Amurka ta ba da sanarwar a cikin 2016 cewa hoton Bulus zai bayyana a bayan sabon lissafin $ 10 tare da Lucretia Mott, Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, da kuma 1913 Woman Suffrage Procession wanda Paul ya fara kuma ya shirya. A shekara ta 1987, wata kungiya ta mata ta New Jersey ta tara kudi don siyan takardun Paul lokacin da suka zo don siyarwa don a kafa tarihin. Takardunta da abubuwan tunawa yanzu suna hannun ɗakin karatu na Schlesinger a [[Jami'ar Harvard]], da kuma Smithsonian Institution a Washington, DC. A cikin 1990, wannan rukuni, yanzu Cibiyar Alice Paul, ta sayi gidan gona na tubali, Paulsdale, a Dutsen Laurel, New Jersey, inda aka haifi Paul. Paulsdale alama ce ta Tarihi ta Kasa kuma tana kan New Jersey da National Registers of Historic Places . Cibiyar Alice Paul ta kiyaye gadonta da rai tare da nune-nunen ilimi game da rayuwarta, nasarorin da ta samu, da kuma bayar da shawarwari don daidaiton jinsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Permanent Exhibit Opens at Alice Paul Institute – Mid-Atlantic Regional Center for the Humanities |url=https://march.rutgers.edu/permanent-exhibit-opens-at-alice-paul-institute/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220223071804/https://march.rutgers.edu/permanent-exhibit-opens-at-alice-paul-institute/ |archive-date=February 23, 2022 |access-date=June 28, 2019 |website=march.rutgers.edu}}</ref><ref name="Institute"/> [[Hilary Swank]] ta buga Paul a cikin fim din 2004 Iron Jawed Angels, wanda ya nuna yunkurin mata na 1910 don wucewa na Kwaskwarimar 19. A cikin 2018, Alice Paul ta kasance babban hali a cikin wani labari na Timeless (Season 2, Episode 7) wanda ke nuni da Paul yana ba da jawabi mai ban sha'awa ga Shugaba Woodrow Wilson yayin tafiya wanda ya ƙare da tashin hankali na 'yan sanda a kan masu zanga-zangar. A cewar tarihi, Paul ya kasance a taron kuma an kama shi, amma babu wata shaida da ta yi magana da Wilson a wannan rana. A cikin 2022, Suffs, wani kiɗa da Shaina Taub ta rubuta, an fara shi a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Jama'a tare da Alice Paul a matsayin babban hali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suffs (Off-Broadway, Public Theater/Newman Theater, 2022) |url=https://playbill.com/production/suffs-off-broadway-public-theater-newman-theater-2022 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |website=Playbill |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Dubi kuma == * Iron Jawed Angels, fim na 2004 game da Alice Paul da Lucy Burns da motsi, wanda ya haifar da wucewar Kwaskwarimar goma sha tara. * [[Jerin shugabannin kare hakkin bil'adama]] * Jerin masu goyon bayan mata da mata * Jerin masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata * Jerin lokaci na zaɓen mata * Jerin lokaci na zaɓen mata a Amurka * Kungiyoyin 'yancin mata == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jza3rmbj8seuhj7wkp0kce56efrv6f2 0 109138 915961 897644 2026-09-04T08:14:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Asia-South_Korea--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|Bayyana yanayin zafi jiki a Koriya ta Kudu tsakanin 1901 da 2020.]] [[Canjin yanayi]] ya haifar da mummunan yanayi a [[Koriya ta Kudu]] wanda ke shafar: zamantakewa, tattalin arziƙi, masana'antu, al'adu, da sauran bangarori da yawa.<ref name="springerlink">{{Cite journal |last=Kim |first=B-J |last2=Kripalani |first2=R H |last3=Oh |first3=J-H |last4=Moon |first4=S-E |date=2002 |title=Summer monsoon rainfall patterns over South Korea and associated circulation features |url=https://archive.org/details/theoretical-and-applied-climatology_2002_72_1-2/page/65 |journal=Theor. Appl. Climatol. |volume=72 |issue=1–2 |pages=65–74 |bibcode=2002ThApC..72...65K |doi=10.1007/s007040200013 |s2cid=123293181}}</ref> Koriya ta Kudu tana fuskantar canje-canje a cikin yanayin yanayi. Irin waɗannan sigogi sun haɗa da zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, ruwan sama mai yawa, da hazo.<ref name="springerlink_a">{{Cite journal |last=Chung |first=Yong-Seung |last2=Yoon |first2=Ma-Byung |last3=Kim |first3=Hak-Sung |date=2004 |title=On Climate Variations and Changes Observed in South Korea |journal=Climatic Change |volume=66 |issue=1–2 |pages=151–161 |bibcode=2004ClCh...66..151C |doi=10.1023/B:CLIM.0000043141.54763.f8 |s2cid=155047946}}</ref> Mafi bambanta sauyin yanayi da aka yi hasashe ga Koriya ta Kudu shine haɓakar yanayin yanayin zafi a cikin yanayi huɗu. Yawan rikodin mafi ƙarancin kwanakin zafin rana ya ragu da sauri. Matsakaicin hazo a lokacin bazara ya karu. Ƙarfafa yiwuwar sababbin nau'ikan lalacewar yanayi mai ƙarfi yana haifar da tsanani da gaggawar canjin yanayi. Don [[Daidaituwar canjin yanayi|daidaitawa da saurin sauyin yanayi]], gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta fara yunƙurin rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi . Sun kasance mataki ɗaya kusa da samun ƙasa mai ƙarancin carbon mai tushen zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=한반도 지구온난화는 가속화 중. 한반도 온실가스 농도는 계속 중가 중, 이산화탄소 연평균 농도는 391.4ppm으로 관측이래 최고치 |url=http://www.kricccs.com/detail.php?number=682&thread=22r03r01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523012721/http://www.kricccs.com/detail.php?number=682&thread=22r03r01 |archive-date=2014-05-23 |website=www.kricccs.com}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2021)">mafi kyau&nbsp;tushe&nbsp;ake bukata</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Masana'antu da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a sun samar da gurɓataccen abubuwa da iskar gas, waɗanda ke haifar da canjin yanayi. A cikin shekarar 2017 [[Koriya ta Kudu]] ita ce ta 7 mafi girma a duniya mai fitar da hayakin carbon kuma ta 5 mafi girma ga kowane mutum. == Rashin iskar gas == [[Fayil:CO2_emissions_South_Korea.svg|thumb|366x366px|Rashin iskar gas (musamman CO2) a Koriya (1900~2023) ]] Jimlar hayaki mai guba a cikin kt na CO2 daidai ya ƙunshi jimlar CO2 ban da ƙonewar biomass na gajeren lokaci (kamar gobarar daji, lalacewar bayan konewa, gobarar peat da lalacewar wuraren da aka zubar), duk tushen CH4 na mutum, tushen N2O da F-gases (HFCs, PFCs da SF6). Gishiri na gida mai laushi na Koriya ta Kudu ya fara karuwa sosai daga shekarun 1970 saboda ci gaban masana'antu da tattalin arziki. A shekara ta 2016 ya kasance 694,479.99, kuma ya karu da 1.58% fiye da 2015. Har ila yau, adadin iskar gas ya kasance 708,429.99 da 715,500.00 a cikin kowane 2017 da 2018 ya karu kowane 1.98% da 1% fiye da shekarar da ta gabata. A cikin 2019, fitarwa ta kasance 698,460.02, ta ragu da 2.38% daga 2018. (CO2 ya haifar da ba kawai ƙonewar biomass ba kamar ƙonewar sharar gona da ƙonewar Savannah har ma da wasu) <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Korea Carbon (CO2) Emissions 1990–2023 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/KOR/south-korea/carbon-co2-emissions |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=2023-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511062737/https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/KOR/south-korea/carbon-co2-emissions |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:20210626_Variwide_chart_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country.svg|thumb|369x369px|Koriya ta Kudu tana daga cikin mafi girman hayakin carbon dioxide ga kowane mutum a duniya.<ref name="GHGemissionsByCountry">● Emissions data source: {{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Territorial (MtCO₂) / 1) Emissions / Carbon emissions / Chart View |url=https://globalcarbonatlas.org/emissions/carbon-emissions/ |publisher=Global Carbon Atlas}} ([https://web.archive.org/web/20250113130608/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-co2-emissions-per-country archive on Our World in Data])<br /><br />● Country population data source: {{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Population, total / All Countries and Economies / Most Recent Value (Thousands) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2023&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250122171803/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2023&most_recent_value_desc=true&start=1960&view=chart |archive-date=22 January 2025 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> ]] An fitar da tan miliyan 700 na iskar gas a cikin 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=김 |first=나영 |date=2021-12-31 |title=S. Korea emitted 701.3 mln tons of greenhouse gas in 2019: environment ministry |url=https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20211231002800315 |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=[[Yonhap News Agency]] |language=en}}</ref> Akwai karuwar kashi 3.5% a cikin hayaki na iskar gas bayan raguwar kashi 6.5% a cikin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-28 |title=South Korea's GHG emissions rose by 3.5% in 2021, after a 6.2% drop in 2020 |url=https://www.enerdata.net/publications/daily-energy-news/south-koreas-ghg-emissions-rose-35-2021-after-62-drop-2020.html |access-date=2022-10-21 |website=www.enerdata.net |language=en}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2021 Koriya tana tallafawa gina wutar lantarki ta kasashen waje. Koriya ta Kudu ita ce [[List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions|na tara mafi girma]] da ke fitar da carbon dioxide. An kiyasta cewa [[Dangjin Power Station|Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Dangjin]] ita ce tashar wutar wutar lantarki da ke amfani da kwal wacce ta fitar da na uku mafi yawan carbon dioxide a cikin shekarar 2018, a tan miliyan 34, kuma an kiyasta hayakin dangi a 1.5 kg a kowace [[kWh]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grant |first=Don |last2=Zelinka |first2=David |last3=Mitova |first3=Stefania |date=2021 |title=Reducing CO2 emissions by targeting the world's hyper-polluting power plants |journal=Environmental Research Letters |language=en |volume=16 |issue=9 |page=094022 |bibcode=2021ERL....16i4022G |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/ac13f1 |issn=1748-9326 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp; === Ta hanyar sashi === {| class="wikitable" | |2010 |2011 |2012 |2013 |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 |2019 |2020 |- |Jimlar hayaki (miliyan ton CO2eq) |656.1 |684.8 |688.0 |697.3 |692.1 |692.6 |693.7 |710.6 |727.0 |701.2 |656.2 |- |Makamashi |565.7 |594.7 |596.0 |604.5 |596.9 |600.3 |602.2 |615.6 |632.6 |611.6 |569.9 |- |Tsarin masana'antu |53.0 |53.0 |54.4 |55.1 |57.9 |54.5 |53.5 |56.5 |55.8 |52.2 |48.5 |- |Aikin noma |22.1 |21.1 |21.5 |21.3 |21.4 |21.0 |20.8 |21.0 |21.1 |21.0 |21.1 |- |sharar gida |15.4 |16.0 |16.1 |16.4 |15.8 |16.9 |17.2 |17.6 |17.4 |16.5 |16.7 |- |Adadin hayaki na gas idan aka kwatanta da gdp (ton CO2eq./ biliyan) |459.9 |462.9 |454.2 |446.2 |429.1 |417.7 |406.4 |403.6 |401.2 |378.5 |356.7 |- |Adadin hayaki na gas ga kowane mutum |13.2 |13.7 |13.7 |13.8 |13.6 |13.6 |13.5 |13.8 |14.1 |13.5 |12.7 |} == Tasirin yanayi == === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi ===   ==== Karin ruwan sama ==== [[Seoul]], babban birnin Koriya ta Kudu, yana da shekaru 228 na rikodin hazo, farawa da ma'aunin ruwan sama na gargajiya na cheugugi wanda shine mafi tsawo na ci gaba da tarin ruwan sama a duniya. Rubuce-rubucen ruwan sama na yau da kullun yana ba da babban ƙuduri don gano bambancin abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi da kuma shekaru da yawa na bambancin ruwan sama. An auna ruwan sama tare da cheugugi daga 1778 zuwa 1907, kuma an haɓaka kayan aikin lura na zamani kuma an yi amfani da su tun 1908. Idan aka kwatanta lokacin cheugugi da zamanin zamani, zamanin zamani yana nuna karuwar yawan ruwan sama. Misali, bayanan kididdiga don ruwan sama na rani a lokacin cheugugi shine 861.8 mm yayin da wannan na zamani shine 946.5 mm.&nbsp;&nbsp; Kamar yadda adadin ruwan sama na rani daga 1912 zuwa 2017 ya karu da shekaru 11.6 mm / 10, <ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=국립기상과학원 |date=2008 |title=한반도 100년의 기후변화 |url= |journal=국립기상과학원 |page=31}}</ref> saboda yawan ruwan sama mai yawa da abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama sun karu da yawa, haɗarin ruwan sama mai ƙarfi ya zama mafi girma a kudancin yankin tsibirin fiye da yankin tsakiya na tsibirin Koriya. Babban adadin tururi na ruwa da ke shiga kudancin tsibirin (Kudancin gabar teku, Tsibirin Jeju) yana gudana cikin Tekun Gishiri a lokacin rani kuma yana haifar da yawan ruwan sama. A gefe guda, gabar gabas tana nuna karancin ruwan sama. Bugu da kari, ana iya lura da ruwan sama mai yawa a lokacin watanni na rani tare da yawan guguwa, kuma ana iya lura leken da ke karuwar guguwa da ke shafar Koriya ta Kudu tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970 da tsakiyar shekarun 1990, wanda ke haifar da karuwar ruwan sama mai tsanani.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Choi |first=J. W. |last2=Cha |first2=Y. |last3=Kim |first3=H. D. |date=2017 |title=Interdecadal variation of precipitation days in August in the Korean Peninsula. |journal=Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans |volume=77 |pages=74–88 |bibcode=2017DyAtO..77...74C |doi=10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2016.10.003}}</ref> Yawan abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai yawa tare da sa'a 1 na sama na 50 millimeters ko fiye ya karu daga matsakaicin abubuwan 2.4 a kowace shekara (1973~1982) zuwa matsakaicin 5.7 a kowace shekara (2013~2022). &nbsp; Koyaya, duk da yanayin dogon lokaci na karuwar ruwan sama na rani, tsarin ruwan sama tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 2010 sun bambanta da na baya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an lura da jerin shekarun ruwan sama na rani. A cikin 2015, hazo na shekara-shekara shine na uku mafi ƙasƙanci a rikodin, kuma a cikin 2016 da 2017, hazo na Agusta da Yuni sun kasance mafi ƙasƙanta da na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a rikodin. Bugu da kari, lokacin 'Changma' na 2018 shine na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a rikodin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=기상청 |date=2020 |title=2020 한국 기후변화 평가보고서 |page=46}}</ref> ' ==== Canje-canje a cikin hazo ==== An halicci belin ruwan sama na wurare masu zafi 'Changma gaba' a cikin Bay of Bengal da yammacin Arewacin Pacific a matsayin tsarin tsarin Gabashin Asiya. Yunkurin arewacin 'Changma front' yana rinjayar ci gaban tudun subtropical.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=LinHo |last2=Wang |first2=Bin |date=2002 |title=The Time-Space structure of the Asian-Pacific Summer Monsoon: A fast annual cycle view |journal=J. Clim. |volume=15 |issue=15 |pages=2001–2019 |bibcode=2002JCli...15.2001L |doi=10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2001:TTSSOT>2.0.CO;2 |s2cid=53455729 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wannan gaba mai motsi zuwa arewa ana kiransa 'Changma' a Koriya ta Kudu, wanda ke wakiltar babban lokacin hazo.<ref name="springerlink"/> 'Changma gaba' yana ɗaukar kusan makonni 4 zuwa 5 don shiga cikin Koriya ta Koriya. Wannan jinkirin motsi yana haifar da babban, amma mai ɗorewa, yawan ruwan sama na rani a duk yankin Koriya a ƙarshen Yuni da Yuli a kowace shekara. Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tun daga shekarun 2000, 'Changma' hazo ya fara kadan daga baya kuma ya ƙare kadan daga baya, tare da hauhawar hazo na biyu a farkon watan Agusta bayan lokacin 'Changmaa'. Musamman, tun daga shekarun 2010, ruwan sama a lokacin 'Changma' yana raguwa, yayin da ruwan sama mai yawa na 30 millimeters ko fiye da awa daya ke ƙaruwa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda [[Canjin yanayi]], an yi hasashen cewa ruwan sama na 'Changma' zai karu a nan gaba kuma ya zama mafi tsanani. Musamman, an yi hasashen cewa 'Changma' hazo zai karu da kashi 5% a nan gaba (2020-2039) kuma har zuwa kashi 25% a ƙarshen karni na 21 (2080-2099). Wani, ƙarshen lokacin rani 'Changma' da aka sani da 'Fall Changma' ko 'Second Changma' marubuta sun amince da shi tun daga shekara ta 2016. Tun daga shekarun 1970s, tsawon lokaci da ruwan sama na 'Fall Changma' ya karu, mai yiwuwa yana da alaƙa da dumamar yanayi.<ref name="u7322">{{Cite journal |last=Lee |first=June-Yi |last2=Kwon |first2=MinHo |last3=Yun |first3=Kyung-Sook |last4=Min |first4=Seung-Ki |last5=Park |first5=In-Hong |last6=Ham |first6=Yoo-Geun |last7=Jin |first7=Emilia Kyung |last8=Kim |first8=Joo-Hong |last9=Seo |first9=Kyong-Hwan |last10=Kim |first10=WonMoo |last11=Yim |first11=So-Young |last12=Yoon |first12=Jin-Ho |date=2017 |title=The long-term variability of Changma in the East Asian summer monsoon system: A review and revisit |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s13143-017-0032-5 |journal=Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=257–272 |doi=10.1007/s13143-017-0032-5 |issn=1976-7633 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-23}}</ref> 'Fall Changma' yana farawa a ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa farkon Satumba. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da 'Changma gaba' wanda ya matsa zuwa China ya yi karo da matsin lamba na Siberiya kuma ya wuce kan Koriya Peninsula. Adadin ruwan sama da yawan kwanakin ruwan sama a lokacin 'Fall Changma' gabaɗaya ƙasa ne fiye da lokacin da gaba ke motsawa arewa a farkon lokacin rani. Ruwan sama kuma yana da matukar damuwa daga shekara zuwa shekara. Koyaya, a wani lokaci, ruwan sama mai yawa da [[Typhoon|guguwa]] na wurare masu zafi (guguwa) na iya faruwa, suna lalata amfanin gona yayin da suka kai ga balaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=두산백과 |title=가을장마 |url=https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1055142&cid=40942&categoryId=32299 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=네이버 두산백과 |archive-date=1 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501202035/https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1055142&cid=40942&categoryId=32299 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== Yawan zafin jiki yana ƙaruwa ==== Tun daga 1999, Cibiyar Kula da Yanayin Yanayin Koriya ta Duniya da ke Anmyeon-do tana sa ido kan manyan iskar gas (GHG) kamar carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane ( ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), da chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 da CFC-12). Tashar Duk wani yana cikin yanayi mara ƙazanta, wuri mai kyau don lura da yanayin yanayin Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya, gami da yankin Koriya. Daga cikin waɗannan GHG, CO 2 yana aiki sosai don canza abubuwa da yawa na abubuwan yanayi. Ƙididdigar CO 2 a Anmyeon-do sun fi girma fiye da matsakaicin duniya; Matsakaicin matsakaicin [[Carbon dioxide|CO ₂]] na 2018 an rubuta shi azaman 415.2 ppm. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=기상청 |date=2019 |title=2018 지구대기 감시보고서(Report of Global Atmosphere Watch) |journal=국립기상과학원 환경기상연구과 |page=27 |pages=}}</ref> Yana da haɓaka na 44 ppm (6.7%) dangane da matsakaita na shekara-shekara na 371.2 ppm na 1999 lokacin da aka fara ganin adadin carbon dioxide a cikin Anmyeon-do . Kuma yana da 7.4 ppm sama da matsakaicin duniya na 407.8 ppm na wannan shekarar kamar yadda WMO ta rubuta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin |date=20 November 2020 |title=Carbon dioxide levels continue at record levels, despite COVID-19 lockdown |url=https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/carbon-dioxide-levels-continue-record-levels-despite-covid-19-lockdown |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201072451/https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/carbon-dioxide-levels-continue-record-levels-despite-covid-19-lockdown |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION}}</ref> Yawan ci gaban shekara-shekara na CO ₂ na shekaru 10 (2008 ~ 2018) ya kasance 2.4 ppm / shekara, wanda ya kasance mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin duniya na 2.2 ppm / shekara. [[Methane]], wani shahararren iskar gas mai zafi a cikin yanayin Koriya ta Koriya, kuma yana nuna karuwa sosai a cikin yanayin yanayi a cikin shekaru goma daga 2008 zuwa 2018. Matsakaicin 2018 na shekara-shekara na [[methane]] da aka lura a cikin Anmyeon-do ya kasance 1974 ppb, wanda shine 115 ppb mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin Arewacin duniya kuma mafi girma fiye da 1000 na Arewacin Hemisna fiye da 100 mafi girma na Arewacin Hemisna 1874 shafi Matsakaicin methane na 2018 a cikin Anmyeon-do shine 113 ppb sama da na 1999, lokacin da aka fara lura. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=기상청 |date=2019 |title=기상청 이상기후분석 시스템}}</ref> A zamanin masana'antu (juyin juya halin masana'antu na biyu) a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mutane sun kasance suna kona albarkatun mai (kwal, man fetur, fetur, iskar gas). Wannan yana fitar da CO 2 cikin yanayi wanda ke ba da gudummawar tasirin greenhouse . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Greenhouse Effect |url=http://www.columbia.edu/~vjd1/greenhouse.htm}}</ref> An nuna bambancin yanayin zafi tsakanin birane da karkara saboda wannan masana'antu. Matsakaicin bambance-bambancen yanayin yanayin zafi da aka gani a tashoshin yanayi goma a Koriya ta Kudu sun nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara a cikin adadin 0.52&nbsp;°C a kowace shekara. A cikin shekaru 29 da suka gabata, karuwar yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara ya kai 1.5&nbsp;°C don tashar [[Seoul]] (wanda aka samo a cikin birni) da 0.6&nbsp;°C don tashoshin karkara da teku. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen farashin sun fi girma fiye da yankunan birane. <ref name="springerlink_a"/> Koriya ta Kudu tana fuskantar karuwar zafin jiki da sauri. Mafi girman Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun da mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na iya ƙaruwa a Gabashin Asiya. Akwai matsanancin zafi, amma matsanancin sanyi. Wadannan matsakaicin zafin jiki suna ƙaruwa, musamman yawan zafin jiki bayan shekarun 1950 ya ninka sau 1.5 fiye da kafin shekarun 1950. A cikin rashin kokarin rage iskar gas (RCP8.5 scenario), tsakanin 2071 da 2100, ana sa ran hunturu zai zama kusan kwanaki 40 kuma lokacin rani kusan kwanaki 40 ya fi tsayi fiye da cikin shekaru goma na baya-bayan nan (2009-2018). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=박 |first=창용 |last2=최 |first2=영은 |last3=권 |first3=영아 |last4=권 |first4=재일 |last5=이 |first5=한수 |date=2013 |title=남한 상세 기후변화 시나리오를 이용한 아열대 기후대 및 극한기온사상의 변화에 대한 연구 |journal=한국지역지리학회지 |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=600–614}}</ref> Lokacin da aka kwatanta matsakaicin zafin jiki don kwatanta matsakaitan zafin jiki na ƙarni na 20 da na ƙarni ya 21, an nuna cewa akwai karuwar 4 ° C. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara na Koriya ta Kudu shine 10~ 15 ° C, wanda ke nufin cewa dumama na gaba zai haifar da fadada yankin yanayi mai zafi tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi sama da 27 ° C a kan Koriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=한국 > 우리나라기후 > 국내기후자료 > 기후자료 > 날씨 > 기상청 |url=http://www.kma.go.kr/weather/climate/average_south.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122173527/http://www.kma.go.kr/weather/climate/average_south.jsp |archive-date=2010-01-22 |access-date=2012-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=이 |first=현재 |last2=김 |first2=가영 |last3=박 |first3=창용 |last4=차 |first4=동현 |date=2017 |title=다중지역기후모델을 이용한 남한 지역의 미래 기후대 분포와 극한기온사상의 변화에 대한 연구 |journal=기후연구 |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=149–164 |bibcode=2017JClR...12..149L |doi=10.14383/cri.2017.12.2.149}}</ref> Yankin subtropical na baya-bayan nan yana kan ƙananan bakin teku na Koriya Peninsula, amma yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu, zai haifar da yankin subtropical yana ƙaura zuwa arewa. Saboda haka, a shekara ta 2100 an tsara yankin subtropical don fadada yankinsa zuwa arewacin iyakar Dutsen Taebaek.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ==== Abubuwan da suka faru na matsanancin yanayi ==== [[Fayil:South_Korean_flooding_picture_one.png|thumb|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Koriya ta Kudu ta 2023]] Kamar sauran ƙasashe, Koriya ba za ta iya guje wa tasirin canjin yanayi ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=우리나라 자연재해 현황 |url=http://ccas.kei.re.kr/climate_change_adapt/menu4_9_1_tab2.do;jsessionid=C0D451C912998D3DD0F925F386BB1BCF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065218/http://ccas.kei.re.kr/climate_change_adapt/menu4_9_1_tab2.do;jsessionid=C0D451C912998D3DD0F925F386BB1BCF |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2015-08-12 |website=국가기후변화정보센터}}</ref> Karin ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa, da lalacewar da ke tattare da su yana da mahimmanci a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Lalacewar dukiya da asarar rayuka da bala'o'i suka haifar shine tasirin canjin yanayi. Saboda wannan batu, rage bala'in yanayi yana daya daga cikin burin da al'ummomin da ke daidaitawa da canjin yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=기후변화로 인한 도시 자연재해 |url=http://ccas.kei.re.kr/climate_change_adapt/menu4_9_1_tab1.do |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913060836/http://ccas.kei.re.kr/climate_change_adapt/menu4_9_1_tab1.do |archive-date=2016-09-13 |access-date=2015-08-12 |website=국가기후변화적응센터}}</ref> Karin yawan ambaliyar ruwa, guguwa, ko tsananin guguwa yana haifar da karuwar yawan bala'o'i masu yawa. Koriya ta Kudu ba ta da bambanci. Musamman, lalacewar ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa suna da mahimmanci. Duk da karuwar barazanar, rashin lafiyar bala'i, musamman guguwa, an rage shi saboda dalilai da yawa, kamar, inganta rigakafin bala'i.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Park |first=Doo-Sun R |last2=Ho |first2=Chang-Hoi |last3=Nam |first3=Chaehyeon C |last4=Kim |first4=Hyeong-Seog |date=1 May 2015 |title=Evidence of reduced vulnerability to tropical cyclones in the Republic of Korea |journal=Environmental Research Letters |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=054003 |bibcode=2015ERL....10e4003P |doi=10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054003 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f3r22wtqpci7ip5gi5k7qupjhoeobk1 0 109670 915960 721664 2026-09-04T08:11:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Tc-map.png|thumb|420x420px|Taswirar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]] (UAE) tana fuskantar tasirin [[Canjin yanayi]] kamar damuwa na ruwa, hauhawar matakin teku, guguwar ƙura, hamada da matsanancin zafi. Canjin yanayi yana barazana ga albarkatun ruwa na kasar, yanayin halittu, lafiyar ɗan adam, kwanciyar hankali na tattalin arziki, da harkokin duniya.<ref name=":0" /> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana da yanayin hamada mai zafi kuma tana kan iyakar Tekun Farisa da Tekun [[Oman]]. Rage matakan ruwan sama na shekara-shekara da karuwar hamada sun sa yankunan karkara da birane na kasar su kasance masu rauni. Ana sa ran canjin yanayi zai kara yawan kasa da ke cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.<ref name=":0" /> Ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku zai shafi ababen more rayuwa na birane na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da yanayin halittu na ruwa da na ruwa.<ref name=":1" /> Aikin noma, kamun kifi, da bangarorin yawon bude ido a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa suna cikin haɗari saboda mummunan tasirin canjin yanayi.<ref name=":0" /> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta sanya hannu kuma ta tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Paris. Ya sake fasalin gudummawar ta uku ta kasa, wanda aka gabatar a Shekarar 2023, yana mai da hankali kan dabarun ragewa da daidaitawa. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi niyyar rage iskar gas (GHG) a shekara ta 2030 da kashi 40%.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=UNFCCC United Arab Emirates |date=2023 |title=Third Update of Second Nationally Determined Contributions |url=https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2023-07/Third%20Update%20of%20Second%20NDC%20for%20the%20UAE_v15.pdf}}</ref> == Rashin Gas na Greenhouse == Jimlar iskar gas din da UAE ta fitar a shekara ta 2005 ta kasance kusan 161.134Mt CO2-e.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Khondaker |first=A. N. |last2=Hasan |first2=Md. Arif |last3=Rahman |first3=Syed Masiur |last4=Malik |first4=Karim |last5=Shafiullah |first5=Md |last6=Muhyedeen |first6=Musah A |date=2016-06-01 |title=Greenhouse gas emissions from energy sector in the United Arab Emirates – An overview |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032116000575 |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |volume=59 |pages=1317–1325 |bibcode=2016RSERv..59.1317K |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.027 |issn=1364-0321 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ya zuwa 2021, kasar tana da daya daga cikin manyan 10 na duniya mafi girma ga kowane mutum CO2, na tan 21.8 ga kowane mutum.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Hummieda |first=Ammar |last2=Bouabid |first2=Ali |last3=Moawad |first3=Karim |last4=Mayyas |first4=Ahmad |date=2023-10-01 |title=The UAE's energy system and GHG emissions: pathways to achieving national goals by 2050 |url=https://academic.oup.com/ce/article/7/5/962/7273027 |journal=Clean Energy |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=962–980 |doi=10.1093/ce/zkad040 |issn=2515-4230 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A matsayin wani ɓangare na bangaren makamashi, masana'antar mai da iskar gas suna da mahimmanci ga tattalin arziki tare da hayakin gas. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana daya daga cikin manyan masu samarwa da fitar da man fetur da iskar gas a duniya <ref name=":6" /> kuma tana dogara da man feturin burbushin halittu don wutar lantarki ta kasar. <ref name=":7" /> A cikin shekara ta 2012, kasar ta samar da ganga miliyan 3.2 na mai a kowace rana a cikin samarwa. Saurin birane na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa da karuwar yawan jama'a sun ba da gudummawa ga yawan amfani da makamashi na kasar, daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya tun daga shekarar 2016. <ref name=":6" /> Sashin makamashi na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yana ba da gudummawa ga kashi 90% na hayakin GHG na kasar.<ref name=":6" /> Sashen don ayyukan hanya da gini yana ba da gudummawa a ko'ina daga 76 kg CO2e / m2 zuwa 1100 kg CO2ee / m2 a kowace shekara, dangane da hanyoyin sadarwar da aka bincika.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alzard |first=Mohammed H. |last2=Maraqa |first2=Munjed A. |last3=Chowdhury |first3=Rezaul |last4=Khan |first4=Qasim |last5=Albuquerque |first5=Francisco D. B. |last6=Mauga |first6=Timur Ibrahim |last7=Aljunadi |first7=Khaled Nazmi |date=2019-04-20 |title=Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Produced by Road Projects in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates |journal=Sustainability |language=en |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=2367 |bibcode=2019Sust...11.2367A |doi=10.3390/su11082367 |issn=2071-1050 |doi-access=free}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; Ingancin makamashi da kokarin makamashi mai sabuntawa suna ba da damar rage fitar da GHG ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Aikin da aka yi don rage hayakin GHG na iya rage haɗarin kiwon lafiya ga mutanen da suka riga sun kasance masu rauni a kasar. A cikin shirin Makamashi na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa na 2050 ya haɗa da gyare-gyare a cikin dogaro da ƙasar kan man fetur a bangaren makamashi, ta amfani da "kwal mai tsabta" a cikin sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai tsabta.<ref name=":7"/> Dabarun Makamashi na 2050 suna da niyyar mayar da hankali kan makamashi na hasken rana don rarraba bangaren makamashi tare da makamashin nukiliya. == Tasirin yanayi == [[Fayil:Temperature_Bar_Chart_Middle_East-United_Arab_Emirates--1901-2020--2021-07-13.png|thumb|Canjin zafin jiki a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (1901-2021) ]] === Yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi === Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana fuskantar karuwar zafin jiki da kuma yanayin bushewa saboda canjin yanayi. Yin amfani da samfurin Standard Temperature Index, ana sa ran Abu Dhabi zai sami mafi girman matsakaicin zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da Al-Ain, [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] da Sharjah. Duk manyan biranen kasar ana sa ran za su kara yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, kuma ana hasashen cewa Al-Ain zai sami mummunan yanayin zafi a cikin samfuran har zuwa 2030.<ref name=":8" /> Tsakanin Shekara ta 1975 da Shekarar 2013 Dubai ta ga karuwar 2.7 ° C a cikin zafin jiki.<ref name=":8" /> Yawan zafin teku na Tekun Larabawa ya karu a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata da 0.2 ° C zuwa 0.6 ° C kowane shekaru 10.<ref name=":8" /> Yanayin teku yana ƙaruwa, tare da ƙarancin teku, wanda ke haifar da babban rauni ga rayuwar ruwa da yanayin bakin teku a yankin da kuma duniya. Masana'antun kamun kifi da aikin gona suna da rauni saboda karuwar yanayin zafi da sauye-sauyen yanayi kamar fari da matsanancin zafi, yana nuna cewa yawan jama'a suna cikin haɗari ga rashin tsaro na abinci da ƙarancin abinci na yanki.<ref name=":9" />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; === Ma'adanai na ruwa === [[Fayil:Jebel_Hafeet_Al_Ain_3.jpg|thumb|Dutsen Hafeet, Al Ain, UAE]] Za a yi tasiri ga ingancin ruwa, yawa da wadata saboda canjin yanayi a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya. Salinity, matsanancin zafi, fari, da kuma yawan amfani da albarkatun ruwa sune abubuwan da ke tasiri ga albarkatun ruwan jama'a. Amfani da albarkatun ruwa na noma da masana'antu yana ƙaruwa a kowace shekara yayin da yawan jama'a da yawan jamaʼa ke ƙaruwa a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Kowace masarauta a cikin ƙasar tana da bambancin bayanan amfani da ruwa na gida dangane da ci gaban tattalin arziki da yawan jama'a. Saurin karuwar yawan jama'a a duk faɗin ƙasar zai kara damuwa kan albarkatun ban ruwa, yayin da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta mayar da hankali ga albarkatun ruwa kan noma. Birnin Al Ain yana cikin babban haɗarin karancin ruwa, saboda rashin kula da ruwa da amfani ta hanyar ci gaban tattalin arziki da aikin gona.<ref name=":9" /> Ita ce kadai birni a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tare da sanannen tushen ruwan kasa mai sabuntawa. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana cikin babban haɗarin karancin ruwa saboda iyakancewar tushen ruwan kasa da ke akwai. Rashin ruwa na yanzu na kasa zai iya haifar da dakatar da samar da ruwa na kasa ga gonaki a cikin 2030, yayin da bukatar albarkatun ruwa don ci gaban abinci ke girma tare da yawan jama'a. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa na ƙasa inda ake da gishiri mai yawa kuma hauhawar matakin teku zai ƙara gishiri, yana rage ingancin tushen ruwa a yankin.<ref name=":12" /> Karin yanayin zafi da raguwar ruwan sama na shekara-shekara zai haifar da karuwar amfani a bangarorin masana'antu da aikin gona da kuma amfani da mutum don bukatun lafiyar ɗan adam da samar da amfanin gona.<ref name=":12" />{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}} [[Fayil:Mangrove_National_Park,_Abu_Dhabi_city,_UAE.jpg|thumb|Gidan shakatawa na Mangrove, birnin Abu Dhabi.]] === Tsarin halittu === Yanayin yanayi da wuraren zama suna fuskantar barazanar canjin yanayi. dazuzzuka na mangrove, coral reefs, gishiri marshes da ciyawa suna cikin haɗari saboda salinization, hauhawar matakin teku, karuwar iska da yanayin teku, da canje-canje a cikin yanayin hazo. Lalacewar irin wannan yanayin halittu zai rage bambancin halittu a yankin Larabawa da bakin tekun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Ana sa ran mummunan yanayi, hamada da ambaliyar ruwa za su rage bambancin halittu da barazana ga mazaunin.<ref name=":92" /> dazuzzuka na mangrove sune mahimman tsarin halittu na carbon kuma suna tallafawa bambancin halittu na yanki. Akwai kokarin yanki don kare wuraren zama na ruwa ciki har da mangroves tare da shirye-shirye irin su UAE Annual Mangrove Soil Carbon Sequestration Project wanda ke ba da bayanai game da tasirin canjin yanayi akan ƙwaƙwalwar carbon da asarar mazauni. Wadannan ayyukan suna ba da damar ragewa da kiyaye wuraren zama masu rauni. === Hawan matakin teku === Yawan mutanen kasashen Gulf na Larabawa sun fi mayar da hankali kusa da bakin teku, tare da mutane miliyan 26 da ke zaune a yankunan da ke bakin teku. Koyaya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana da rauni sosai, saboda bakin tekun da ke ƙasa ba shi da zurfi, wanda ya sa ƙasar ta kasance mai saukin ambaliyar ruwa. Kasashen sun kuma gina kashi 90% na ababen more rayuwa a cikin mita da yawa na matakin teku kuma kashi 85% na yawan jama'arsu suna zaune a cikin mita masu yawa na matakin tekun, gami da birnin Dubai na bakin teku. Yankin bakin teku mai nisan kilomita 1300- yana karbar bakuncin yawon bude ido, tashar jiragen ruwa, gidaje masu zama, da kuma ci gaba da ginawa don ci gaba. Daga cikin jimlar bakin tekun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kashi 13.8% na ciki yana cikin haɗari sosai ga haɗarin bakin teku ga hauhawar matakin teku. An yi hasashen matakin teku zai tashi tsakanin 42 da 98 cm a shekara ta 2100.<ref name=":11" /> A shekara ta 2100, an yi hasashen kashi shida cikin dari na bakin tekun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa za su kasance a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ana sa ran hauhawar matakin teku zai kara haɗarin bala'in muhalli, gami da ambaliyar ruwa, karuwar lalacewa, guguwar guguwa, salinization na ruwan kasa (maɓallin ruwan sha ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa), da lalacewar muhalli ga yanayin halittu.<ref name=":10" /> Yankunan da suka fi rauni a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun kai daga tsakiyar bakin tekun birnin Dubai zuwa Umm Al Quwain zuwa Ras Al-Khaimah . <ref name=":10" /> Yankunan da ke bakin tekun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a Tekun Oman da Tekun Farisa suna cikin haɗari ga hauhawar matakin teku. Yankin gabas a cikin Tekun Oman yana da babban rauni ga hauhawar matakin teku, kuma yammacin iyakar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ba ta da rauni amma har yanzu tana cikin haɗari.<ref name=":10" />&nbsp; == Tasirin da ke shafi mutane == === Tasirin Tattalin Arziki === Canjin yanayi da hauhawar matakin teku ana sa ran za su yi mummunar tasiri a bakin tekun Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, inda kasar ke gudanar da yawon bude ido da ci gaba don kudaden shiga. Biranen da ke bakin teku na kasar suna da yawan mutane, inda manyan yankuna na gine-ginen ke cikin haɗarin hauhawar matakin teku da sauran haɗarin muhalli daga canjin yanayi. Aikin noma na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kamun kifi da kiwon lafiya, yawon bude ido, da kiwon bude ido suna da rauni ga tasirin canjin yanayi. Rashin kula da albarkatun ruwa da samar da abinci zai kara dogaro da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa kan shigo da abinci da ci gaban tattalin arziki don kare mutanen kasar da yanayin halitta. Ci gaba mai ɗorewa hanya ce ta tattalin arziki wacce za ta ƙarfafa ci gaban ci gaba na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yayin da take iyakance fitar da hayaki da fitarwa na ƙasar don kara tasirin canjin yanayi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ragewa na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, ƙasar tana aiwatar da bambancin tattalin arziki don tallafawa tattalin arzikinta don magance matsalolin daga canjin yanayi. [[Fayil:Farms_and_terraces_in_the_Wadi_Litibah.jpg|thumb|Gidajen gona da tsaunuka a yankin Wadi Litibah na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa.]] === Agriculture === Yanayin Arid da rashin lafiyar ƙasa sun sa ya zama da wahala a samar da bangaren noma mai ƙarfi, duk da haka, har yanzu sun ci gaba. Rashin ruwan sama da hanyoyin ruwa na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ya haifar da yawancin gonaki, suna fitowa daga ruwa mai zurfi don ruwa. Akwai kadada 160,000 na gonar noma da ake amfani da ita a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, tare da mafi yawan wannan ƙasar da dabino ke ɗauka. Gabaɗaya, akwai kusan gonaki 30,000 a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kuma gwamnati tana ba da tallafi na 50% akan tsaba, taki, da magungunan kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All about the agricultural sector in the UAE |url=https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/all-about-agriculture-uae/ |access-date=18 November 2024 |website=Bayut.com |archive-date=25 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241225013042/https://www.bayut.com/mybayut/all-about-agriculture-uae/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta nemi bunkasa gonakin birane waɗanda ke aiwatar da aikin gona a saman rufin, hydroponics, aquaponics, aikin gona a tsaye, da aeroponics. Kamar yadda akwai babban buƙata don cin kayan gida fiye da shigo da su.<ref name="agri">{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=Rohit |date=January 2024 |title=Enhancing domestic food supply in the UAE: A framework for technology-driven urban farming systems |journal=Journal of Cleaner Production |volume=434 |bibcode=2024JCPro.43439823S |doi=10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139823 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A cikin gonaki na al'ada Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta nemi maye gurbin tsoffin tsarin ban ruwa na ambaliyar ruwa tare da ban ruwa na zamani. Har ila yau, an sami karuwar canji, daga gonakin gargajiya zuwa gonakin kwayoyin halitta, waɗanda ke da tsarin da ya fi ɗorewa, akwai kusan gonakin kwayoyi 50 a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Hukumar Kula da Aikin Gona da Tsaro ta Abu Dhabi (ADAFSA) ta ƙaddamar da shirin don kafa bankin kwayar halitta, don tabbatar da cewa an adana wasu kwayoyin halitta kuma ana iya jawo su a nan gaba. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kuma shirya hada noma a bangaren yawon bude ido, saboda suna jin cewa akwai sha'awa ga gonakin su da masana'antar madara.<ref name="Ag conference">{{Cite web |last=Sadiku |first=Matthew NO |date=April 18, 2024 |title=Agriculture in United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.conferenceseries.info/index.php/morocco |access-date=18 November 2024 |publisher=International Conference on Agriculture Sciences, Environment, Urban and Rural Development |archive-date=8 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208054027/https://www.conferenceseries.info/index.php/morocco |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gabaɗaya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi amfani da sababbin hanyoyin don ƙoƙarin haɓaka samar da abinci a cikin yanayin su, ta hanyar sabunta gonakin su don kasancewa a cikin yanayin sarrafawa da ƙarfafa gonakin gargajiya don su kasance masu amfani da ruwa. Dogaro da mutane kan yanayin bakin teku da na ruwa shine cibiyar mafi yawan kudaden shiga ga yawan jama'a a UAE.[1] Tasirin sauyin yanayi na barazana ga samun kudin shiga, rayuwa, da lafiyar jama'a. [[Fayil:Dubai_Tourism.jpg|thumb|Yawon shakatawa a Dubai, UAE.]] === Yawon shakatawa === Yawon shakatawa a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ya kasance daya daga cikin bangarorin da ke bunkasa cikin tattalin arzikin kasar, kamar yadda a shekarar da ta gabata bangaren ya karu da kashi 26% wanda ya kai kashi 11% na GDP na kasar. Yanayin yanayi na musamman na kasar, gine-gine na zamani, da otal-otal da yawa sun sanya shi wuri mai kyau ga baƙi. Koyaya, canjin yanayi na iya hana baƙi na gaba, kamar yadda aka gina kayan aikin yawon bude ido (hotal, gidaje, da gidajen cin abinci) a yankunan da ke da rauni ga hauhawar matakan teku.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2024 |title=Travel & Tourism in the UAE reaches new heights, reveals WTTC |url=https://wttc.org/news-article/travel-and-tourism-in-the-uae-reaches-new-heights-reveals-wttc |website=wttc.org}}</ref> Musamman, tsibirin Palm, tsibirai uku da aka yi da wucin gadi a bakin tekun Dubai, suna da burin karɓar gidaje masu alatu da kusan otal-otal 80. An yi la'akari da wannan aikin a matsayin gazawar saboda ya lalata bakin tekun halitta, yayin da aka yi amfani da mita miliyan 5.5 na dutse tare da sawun carbon na astronomical. Sabili da haka, an riga an gina aikin a saman iyakarsu ta halitta, don haka yayin da canjin yanayi ya ɗaga matakin teku a Dubai, tsibirin Palm zai zama wuri mafi rauni.<ref name=":182">{{Cite web |title=Responsible tourism in the United Arab Emirates |url=https://www.responsibletravel.com/holidays/united-arab-emirates/travel-guide/responsible-tourism |website=Responsible Travel}}</ref> Hawan yanayin zafi zai rage lokacin yawon bude ido a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, kamar yadda baƙi da yawa za su guje wa Dubai a lokacin watanni na kafada - waɗancan lokutan canji tsakanin matsanancin zafi na rani da lokacin hunturu lokacin da yanayin zafi ya fi dacewa da ayyukan waje.<ref name=":182" /> Har ila yau, akwai shahararrun wuraren yawon bude ido waɗanda za su lalace saboda tasirin canjin yanayi musamman murfin murjani zai faru, yayin da zafin teku ya tashi. Har ila yau, akwai tsinkaya cewa farashin ziyartar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa zai tashi ne kawai, yayin da ƙasashe suka dogara sosai da Air conditioning a cibiyoyin cinikin su, da gidajen cin abinci, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi, zai kara farashin Air conditioning kawai. Wannan zai iya kaucewa ya kara farashin kayayyaki da aiyuka.<ref name=":182"/> === Lafiya === Kamar yadda ake sa ran canjin yanayi zai kara yawan zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, wannan zai kara yiwuwar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta fuskanci wasu nau'ikan damuwa. Musamman a lokacin raƙuman zafi (Lokacin zafi mai tsanani) yawan jama'a masu rauni; mutanen da suka wuce shekaru 65 ko mutane da ke aiki a waje, na iya mutuwa ko fuskantar gajiyawar zafi (WHO, 2024). Yawancin direbobi na canjin yanayi, samar da makamashi, sufuri, da gurɓataccen yanayi, na iya rage ingancin iska gaba ɗaya a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. A cikin Amurka, ƙura ita ce babbar mai ba da gudummawa ga lalacewar ingancin iska kamar yadda yake a duk biranen Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, matakan PM2.5 na shekara-shekara sun fi na duniya girma (WHO, 2024). == Ragewa == Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta haɓaka ayyukan [[Rage canjin yanayi|ragewa]] don samar da ƙasar don haɓaka matakin teku, salinization na ruwa mai laushi, da decarbonization. Kayan aiki da fasahar da aka yi amfani da su don tsara ruwan sama na gaba, yanayi, da tsarin guguwa suna da mahimmanci ga rage canjin yanayi na gaba, daidaitawa, da kuma kula da albarkatu ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Tare da kayan aikin tsinkaya irin su ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, hazo da yanayin zafin jiki ana samun su don biyan bukatun takamaiman yankuna na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Ayyukan UAE da suka gabata da aka mayar da hankali kan kokarin ragewa na yanki da na kasa da kasa sun hada da Abu Dhabi Blue Carbon Demonstration Project, kafin aikin kwace mangrove na UAE. Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli (MOCCAE) da Abu Dhabi Global Environmental Data Initiative (AGEDI) sun yi haɗin gwiwa a cikin 2019 don fahimtar fa'idodin tsarin halittu na 'Blue Carbon', gami da mangroves da sauran wuraren bakin teku, ga ƙasar UAE.<ref name=":3" /> AGEDI ta ba da izini, aikin Kwalejin Kwalejin Kasuwancin Kasuwancin Kwalejin Ƙasar UAE ci gaba ne da binciken da aka gudanar a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa don auna yawan ƙwacewar carbon, ko cire carbon daga yanayi, ta hanyar mangroves.<ref name=":3" /> Tsarin halittu na mangrove na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa yana ba da manyan matakan ƙwaƙwalwar carbon, adanawa a cikin biomass a cikin wani yanki mai busasshiyar ƙasa, da kuma rage yanayin yanayi gaba ɗaya. An nuna mangroves a Khor Kalba don tantance tan 0.5 na carbon a kowace hekta a kowace shekara. Wannan binciken yana ba da bayanai don sarrafa shirin bakin teku da ci gaba da kokarin kiyayewa don tsarin halittu na mangrove. Amfani da kalmar 'Blue Carbon' yana nuna yanayin halittu waɗanda ke da ikon ɓoyewa ko adana carbon kuma sun haɗa da wuraren da ke da ruwa: gandun daji, ciyayi na teku, da wuraren gishiri.<ref name=":3" /> Nazarin mangrove ya ba da tarin bayanai a wurare da yawa. Ƙoƙarin ƙaddamarwa da manufofin da suka haɗa da Net Zero 2050 Strategic Initiative suna tsammanin daidaitawa tare da manufofin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga mutanen UAE, da ƙarin damammaki yayin da ƙasar ke karkatar da tattalin arzikinta na mai.[1] A cikin isar da Yarjejeniyar Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa a COP28, tsare-tsare sun ba da shawarar cikakken canji daga albarkatun mai a cikin sashin makamashi don tallafawa burin sifiri ta hanyar 2050.[1] [[Fayil:Noor_Abu_Dhabi_2020.jpg|thumb|Tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta Noor Abu Dhabi]] == Daidaitawa == An haɓaka manufofin daidaita yanayin ƙasa a farkon 2017, a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Yanayi na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Tsarin dumama na yanzu da tasirin canjin yanayi suna nan a yau, kuma Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa tana daidaita shirye-shiryen da ke gudana don haɗa ruwan tabarau na canjin yanayi. Ana sa ran daidaitawa da matakan juriya za su haɗa da tsare-tsaren yanki don ƙasar, suna mai da hankali kan inganta bayanan canjin yanayi, kiwon lafiya da ilimi, jin daɗin kuɗi, da yanayin halittu mai lafiya. A matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Canjin Yanayi na Gida, na Kasa, da na Yankin (LNRCCP) na AGEDI, ƙirar canjin yanayi na yanki ta magance tasirin iskar gas a nan gaba kuma ta haɗa bangarorin makamashi, ruwa, da kiwon lafiya tare a cikin yiwuwar shirye-shiryen canjin yanayi don inganta al'umma ga mutanen da ke fama da rauni a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Manufofin Ci Gaban Daular Larabawa (SDGs) sun haɗa da sauyawa zuwa makamashi mai tsada wanda yake da araha, yana ambaton sel na hasken rana, ingantaccen turbines na iska, da hanyoyin jujjuyawar makamashi a matsayin tushen makamashi ga ƙasar yayin da yake fitar da man fetur kuma yana aiki don rarraba bangaren makamashi.<ref name=":15">{{Cite journal |last=Bojarajan |first=Arjun Kumar |last2=Al Omari |first2=Salah Addin Burhan |last3=Al-Marzouqi |first3=Ali H. |last4=Alshamsi |first4=Dalal |last5=Sherif |first5=Mohsen |last6=Kabeer |first6=Saifudeen |last7=Sangaraju |first7=Sambasivam |date=2024-08-01 |title=A holistic overview of sustainable energy technologies and thermal management in UAE: the path to net zero emissions |journal=International Journal of Thermofluids |volume=23 |pages=100758 |bibcode=2024IJTf...2300758B |doi=10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100758 |issn=2666-2027 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Akwai babban damar hasken rana a matsayin babban tushen makamashi ga Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, yayin da kasar ke samar da babban damar photovoltaic tare da tsarin hasken rana. Faduwar wuraren samar da wutar lantarki a duk faɗin ƙasar ya kara wannan yiwuwar amfani da bangaren makamashi tare da shafuka a wurin.<ref name=":15" /> Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Larabawa ta hanyar 2050 ta tabbatar da burin Yarjejeniyar Paris kuma ita ce ƙasa ta farko a Gabas ta Tsakiya don aiwatar da shirin tsaka-tsaki na carbon.<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=UAE Energy Diversification {{!}} UAE Embassy in Washington, DC |url=https://www.uae-embassy.org/discover-uae/climate-and-energy/uae-energy-diversification |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=UAE Energy Diversification {{!}} UAE Embassy in Washington, DC |language=en}}</ref> Faɗakar da makamashi mai sabuntawa ya faru a cikin shekaru goma na 2020, yayin da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta fara shirin farko na kasar don wutar lantarki a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023.<ref name=":16" /> Ikon makamashi mai sabuntawa na kasar ya karu da kusan kashi 70% tsakanin 2022 da 2023. <ref name=":16" /> Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli tana aiki tare da hukumomin gwamnati a kowane mataki don tabbatar da rage yawan hayakin carbon, bangarorin wutar lantarki / makamashi, noma, sufuri, da ababen more rayuwa sune manyan abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci. A matsayin wani ɓangare na gudummawar Dubai ga kokarin sauya makamashi na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, ana gina Gidan shakatawa na [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum]] don samun damar 5,000 MW nan da 2030.<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |title=Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park |url=https://www.mbrsic.ae/en/about/mohammed-bin-rashid-al-maktoum-solar-park/ |website=Government of Dubai}}</ref> Ita ce mafi girman wurin shakatawa na hasken rana a duniya kuma ana sa ran adana tan miliyan 6.5 na hayakin carbon a kowace shekara da zarar an kammala.<ref name=":17" /> Kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da ke saka hannun jari a ayyukan rage sauyin yanayi a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun hada da Masdar. Ayyukan da Masdar suka samar sun haɗa da shirin samar da hasken rana na 1 MW na Masdar City, shirin sabunta ruwa mai narkewa, da kuma aikin Al Dahra Rooftop Solar wanda ke da ƙarfin 1.2 MW.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Renewables: Our Projects |url=https://masdar.ae/en/renewables/our-projects?country=UAE |website=Masdar}}</ref> == Al'umma da al'adu == === Ra'ayi da Gwagwarmaya === Ƙungiyoyin jami'o'i a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa sun yi ƙoƙari na karfafa matasa, gami da Jami'ar Mohamed Bin Zayed don Humanities . Ilimi na muhalli wani nau'i ne na gwagwarmaya da aka aiwatar a makarantu a duniya, wanda ke haifar da sanin muhalli da kuma inganta shiga cikin tattaunawar ƙasa da yanki game da canjin yanayi da mafita don magance shi.<ref name=":13" /> Matasa ɗari da hamsin sun shiga cikin shirye-shirye a COP28 a Dubai, suna shiga cikin fafutukar kare muhalli ta duniya.<ref name=":13" /> Ma'aikatar Canjin Yanayi da Muhalli ta Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da jami'o'i don tallafawa ilimin muhalli da gwagwarmaya na matasa. Jaridar muhalli tana tallafawa gwagwarmaya a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, yayin da manema labarai da kafofin watsa labarai ke ɗaukar nauyin ayyukan muhalli ta hanyar hukumar da mulkin mallaka na Hadaddiyar daular Larabawa suna kula da su, kamar yadda yawancin kungiyoyin labarai mallakar gwamnati ne. === Haɗin kai na kasa da kasa === [[Fayil:Net_Zero_Nuclear_Event,_at_COP_28,_the_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference_UNCCC_held_at_the_Expo_City_Dubai,_United_Arab_Emirates_on_2_December_2023_-_8.jpg|thumb|Net Zero Nuclear Event a COP 28, taron canjin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 2023.]] A shekara ta 1975, an kafa Kwamitin Koli na Muhalli na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (SCE), wanda ke nuna farkon manufofin muhalli na Hadaddiyya. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta dauki bakuncin taron jam'iyyun na shekara ta 28, COP28, a cikin 2023. Dokta Sultan Al Jaber ya tsaya a matsayin shugaban COP28, yana yin maraba da kuma rufewa a taron.<ref>{{Cite web |title=COP28 President Delivers Remarks at Closing Plenary |url=https://www.cop28.com/en/news/2023/12/COP28-President-Delivers-Remarks-at-Closing-Plenary |access-date=October 31, 2024 |website=COP28 UAE Consensus}}</ref> Shi ne shugaban Kamfanin Man Fetur na Kasa na Abu Dhabi kuma ministan masana'antu da fasahar ci gaba na Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. [[Fayil:20211104-OSEC-UNC-0004_(51656493911).jpg|thumb|Tattaunawar yunwa da canjin yanayi a COP 26.]] Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta goyi bayan Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban (SDGs) daga Taron Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015. Farawa a cikin 2020 Yarjejeniyar Paris ta fara kula da alkawuran yanayi da ayyukan da Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi a matsayin wani ɓangare na karuwar alkawuran kasa da kasa don rage tasirin canjin yanayi da hayakin gas. Shirin Ruwa na Mohamed Bin Zayed yana aiki ne a matsayin rukuni da ke mai da hankali kan batun karancin ruwa ga jama'ar duniya. Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta yi kira ga hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa don inganta samun ruwa tare da shirin ruwa na Mohamed Min Zayed. Wannan shirin yana tallafawa kokarin cire ruwan gishiri don kara samun ruwa, araha, da amintacce yayin da yake ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Mohamed bin Zayed Water Initiative |url=https://www.mohamedbinzayedwi.ae/ |website=The Mohamed bin Zayed Water Initiative}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Climate change regions|state=expanded}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kzs63hf2ajnlbekpvy03jkli4mq0a29 0 110484 915579 838913 2026-09-03T15:50:52Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 915579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Fayil:The_Sheepfold_by_Alexander_Mann.JPG|thumb|The Sheepfold na Alexander Mann]] [[Fayil:Alexander_Mann_-_Waiting.jpg|right|thumb|Alexander Mann zanen]]'''Alexander Mann''' (22 Janairu 1853 - 26 Janairu 1908) wani yanki ne na Scotland kuma mai zanen salo. Ya kasance memba na New English Art Club da Royal Institute of Oil Painters. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Alexander Mann a [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] a ranar 22 ga Janairun shekarar 1853. Ya mutu a [[Landan]] ranar 26 ga Janairun shekara ta 1908. An binne shi a Cocin Blewbury, Oxfordshire. Ɗan James Mann na biyu, ɗan kasuwa kuma mai arziƙi, ya ɗauki darussa tun yana ɗan shekara goma tare da Robert Greenlees (1820-1894) sannan ya halarci darussan maraice a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow, inda Greenlees ya kasance shugaban makaranta. A cikin shekara ta 1877 ya tafi Paris kuma ya shiga Jami'ar Académie Julian, sannan ya yi karatu a ƙarƙashin Mihály Munkácsy kuma daga 1881 zuwa 1885 a ƙarƙashin Carolus-Duran. Daga 1883 zuwa 1893 Mann da aka nuna a London a Royal Academy, Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Fine Art Society, New Gallery, Ridley Art Club, New English Art Club da Society of British Artists, al'ummar da ta nada James McNeill Whistler ta shugabanta a shekara ta 1886. A wannan shekarar da aka gayyace shi ya zama na farko a cikin New English Club na Artish Club da aka gayyace shi ya zama na farko na Scottish Club. Lavery, Thomas Millie Dow na Glasgow Boys da Norman Garstin. Tasiri da makarantar Hague da Jules Bastien-Lepage, hotonsa ''A Bead Stringer, Venice'' ya sami lambar yabo a Salon a 1885. Bayan wata muhawarar jama'a game da wannan zanen lokacin da aka nuna shi a Cibiyar Royal Glasgow, Mann ya zauna a Ingila, a West Hagbourne, Berkshire, wani ƙauyen da ke kusa da Berkshire, da kuma daga baya a cikin jerin ra'ayi na B. na Downs da hotunan mutanen ƙasar. Mann ya yi balaguro sosai a Biritaniya, ya kai ziyara da yawa a bakin tekun a Angus da Fife, da Walberswick, Suffolk. Haka kuma tafiye-tafiyensa ya shafi Turai da Amurka. Ziyarar [[Venezia|Venice]] a cikin shekara ta 1884 shine aikin fasaha na farko na Mann bayan Biritaniya da kuma kewayen birnin Paris; wannan ya biyo bayan balaguron balaguro zuwa [[Karibiyan|yankin Caribbean]] da Kudancin Amurka, watakil abokiyar fasahar Amurka ta yi wahayi zuwa gare shi a Paris. Daga 1890 zuwa 1892 ya zauna tare da iyalinsa a [[Tanja|Tangiers]] . Daga baya ya yi tafiya zuwa [[Madrid]] ta Kudancin [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a 1892 tare da John Lavery, wani tsohon ɗalibi na Académie Julian. Ya rubuta ziyarce-ziyarcen sa da ra'ayoyinsa na abubuwan ƙirƙira a ɗakin karatu a cikin litattafan zane, ta yin amfani da ɗaukar hoto da kuma taimaka masa wajen tunawa da wani batu. A cikin 1895 an nuna aikin Mann a London a Barbican da [[Dublin]] a Hugh Lane Municipal Gallery of Modern Art. Amma ya gwammace ya “rayi nesa da sha’awar sauran masu fasaha” saboda wadatar da yake da ita ga danginsa ya sa ba lallai ba ne a mai da hankali sosai ga cibiyoyin baje koli, abokan ciniki da dillalai. A Shekarar 1893 an zaɓe shi memba na Royal Institute of Oil Painters. A yau ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin Glasgow Boys, kodayake bai taɓa zama memba mai aiki ba. == Salon fasaha == Mann ya bashi basirar zanen sa ga [[Rodolphe Julien]] wanda ya dauki nazarin tsarin rayuwa a matsayin wanda ba makawa ne ga waɗanda ke son ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru. Duk da haka, ana buƙatar fasahar zanensa daga Mihály Munkácsy ko da yake horarwa tare da shi bai daɗe ba saboda rashin jituwa na yanayi. Ta hanyar Carolus Duran, Mann ya koyi mahimmancin darajar tonal don manufar bayyana kansa, wanda aka nuna a cikin wasu zane-zane na farko, irin su ''Ma'aikatan Flower Artificial'' da ''Ma'aikatan Tapestry.'' Mann Daga farkon horo a [[Glasgow]], ayyukansa na farko sun bi tsarin shimfidar wuri na Victorian na gargajiya, yana haifar da ma'anar dabi'a ta prosaic da romanticism. Ayyukan yau da kullun sun haɗa ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926235903/http://www.victorianweb.org/painting/misc/mann1.html da Ta Findhorn, Morayshire]'' da Sheepfold. Daga baya, ya matsa zuwa palette mai sauƙi. Duk da haka ana ci gaba da kame yadda ake gudanar da shi, kuma ga duk kyawun launinsa, an kiyaye darajar Corot-esque tonality. Ayyuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da al'amuran Tangiers da wasu nazarin haystacks. == Manazarta == * N. Gars''ry'', Studio, vol. 46 (1909), shafi.300-5; * James Caw, ''Zanen Scotland na Baya da Yanzu, 1620-1908'' (Edinburgh, 1908), shafi.&nbsp;384–5; (sake bugawa) * E. Bénézit, ''Dictionnaire des Peintres Sculpteurs Dessinateurs et Graveurs'', 8 vols. (Librairie Gründ, 1956–61); * J. Johnson da A. Gruetzner, ''Kamus na Mawakan Burtaniya 1880-1940'' (Woodbridge, 1880); * Christopher Newall, ''Alexander Mann, 1853-1908'' (London: Fine Art Society, 1983); * Martin Hopkinson, ''Alexander Mann: Sketches da Sadarwa tare da Matarsa da Iyalinsa'' (London: Fine Art Society, 1985); * Helen Pickthorn, ''Alexander Mann'', The Grove Dictionary of Art Online, ed. L. Macy (An Shiga 1 Disamba 2003) * Kenneth McConkey, ''Impressionism a Biritaniya'' (Jami'ar Yale Press 1995) * Roger Billcliffe, ''Glasgow Boys: Makarantar zanen Glasgow 1875-1895'', (John Murray 2002), == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Your Paintings |url=https://artuk.org/search/search/search/keyword:alexander-mann |access-date=10 June 2013 |website=Alexander Mann Paintings |publisher=BBC & Public Catalogue Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ommexudrpkgy00sp78ii23daar34eec 0 112759 915546 915195 2026-09-03T15:08:27Z Hamza DK 12444 915546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ayyukan Adalci na Climate Justice Action (CJA) hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi ne na kasa da kasa waɗanda ke neman hana Canjin yanayi da cimma Adalci na yanayi.[1][2] CJA an kafa ta ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na madadin tattarawa a kusa da Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2009 a Copenhagen, kuma ta shirya Ayyuka kai tsaye a lokacin taron.[3] == Manufofin == Cibiyar tana da karfi sosai kan [[Adalci na yanayi]], kuma tana da manufofi masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=About CJA &#124; Climate Justice Action |url=http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |archive-date=2010-03-25 |access-date=2010-04-01}}</ref> * Don ingantawa da karfafa hakkoki da muryoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutanen da abin ya shafa (ciki har da ma'aikata) wajen fuskantar matsalar yanayi. Don tallafawa biyan kuɗi da biyan bashin muhalli ga Kudancin Duniya ta kasashe masu arziki * Don gina yunkurin duniya don adalci na yanayi wanda ke ƙarfafa mataki na gaggawa don kauce wa canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro. * Don nuna muhimmiyar rawar da halittu masu yawa ke takawa wajen magance matsalar yanayi, da kuma kare wanzuwar dukkan nau'o'in halittu. * Don fallasa matsayin "magani" na yanayi na ƙarya da na kasuwa da kuma mamayar kamfanoni na tattaunawar yanayi a kara tabarbarewar rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta hanyoyin da za su iya samar da mafita ta ainihi da adalci ga rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta fahimtarmu, da kuma magance, tushen zamantakewa, muhalli, siyasa da tattalin arziki na rikicin yanayi zuwa ga cikakken canjin tsarin al'ummarmu. * Cibiyar sadarwarmu ta himmatu ga aiki tare da girmamawa, amincewa da hadin kai ga waɗannan manufofi. == Takardun == CJA ta samar da takardu masu zuwa: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ Manufofin CJA da ka'idojin aiki] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325215448/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/mobilization/call-for-action/ Kira don aiki (kafin taron kolin yanayi na Copenhagen)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223195805/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/resources/documents/what-does-climate-justice-mean-in-europe/ Takardar tattaunawa: Menene adalci na yanayi ke nufi a Turai] == Labaran labarai == * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/12/07/climate.protests/index.html Labarin CNN: Masu zanga-zangar yanayi sun sauka a Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/16/copenhagen-activist-trial Labarin Guardian: Kotun mai fafutuka na Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/17/copenhagen-police-tactics-revealed Labarin mai kula: Copenhagen-yan sanda-tactics-bayyana] == Dubi kuma == * Adalci na Yanayi Yanzu == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180809183204/http://climate-justice-action.org/ Shafin yanar gizon Adalci na Yanayi] jtjauknyrh5wi9xmj7uyvg4qdftl52p 915548 915546 2026-09-03T15:09:02Z Hamza DK 12444 915548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ayyukan Adalci na Yanayi Climate Justice Action (CJA) hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi ne na kasa da kasa waɗanda ke neman hana Canjin yanayi da cimma Adalci na yanayi.[1][2] CJA an kafa ta ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na madadin tattarawa a kusa da Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2009 a Copenhagen, kuma ta shirya Ayyuka kai tsaye a lokacin taron.[3] == Manufofin == Cibiyar tana da karfi sosai kan [[Adalci na yanayi]], kuma tana da manufofi masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=About CJA &#124; Climate Justice Action |url=http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |archive-date=2010-03-25 |access-date=2010-04-01}}</ref> * Don ingantawa da karfafa hakkoki da muryoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutanen da abin ya shafa (ciki har da ma'aikata) wajen fuskantar matsalar yanayi. Don tallafawa biyan kuɗi da biyan bashin muhalli ga Kudancin Duniya ta kasashe masu arziki * Don gina yunkurin duniya don adalci na yanayi wanda ke ƙarfafa mataki na gaggawa don kauce wa canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro. * Don nuna muhimmiyar rawar da halittu masu yawa ke takawa wajen magance matsalar yanayi, da kuma kare wanzuwar dukkan nau'o'in halittu. * Don fallasa matsayin "magani" na yanayi na ƙarya da na kasuwa da kuma mamayar kamfanoni na tattaunawar yanayi a kara tabarbarewar rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta hanyoyin da za su iya samar da mafita ta ainihi da adalci ga rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta fahimtarmu, da kuma magance, tushen zamantakewa, muhalli, siyasa da tattalin arziki na rikicin yanayi zuwa ga cikakken canjin tsarin al'ummarmu. * Cibiyar sadarwarmu ta himmatu ga aiki tare da girmamawa, amincewa da hadin kai ga waɗannan manufofi. == Takardun == CJA ta samar da takardu masu zuwa: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ Manufofin CJA da ka'idojin aiki] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325215448/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/mobilization/call-for-action/ Kira don aiki (kafin taron kolin yanayi na Copenhagen)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223195805/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/resources/documents/what-does-climate-justice-mean-in-europe/ Takardar tattaunawa: Menene adalci na yanayi ke nufi a Turai] == Labaran labarai == * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/12/07/climate.protests/index.html Labarin CNN: Masu zanga-zangar yanayi sun sauka a Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/16/copenhagen-activist-trial Labarin Guardian: Kotun mai fafutuka na Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/17/copenhagen-police-tactics-revealed Labarin mai kula: Copenhagen-yan sanda-tactics-bayyana] == Dubi kuma == * Adalci na Yanayi Yanzu == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180809183204/http://climate-justice-action.org/ Shafin yanar gizon Adalci na Yanayi] cuvslsgw9uk2yjxk224udl7g1146ahx 915549 915548 2026-09-03T15:09:27Z Hamza DK 12444 915549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ayyukan Adalci na Yanayi wato Climate Justice Action (CJA) hadin gwiwar kungiyoyi ne na kasa da kasa waɗanda ke neman hana Canjin yanayi da cimma Adalci na yanayi.[1][2] CJA an kafa ta ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na madadin tattarawa a kusa da Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2009 a Copenhagen, kuma ta shirya Ayyuka kai tsaye a lokacin taron.[3] == Manufofin == Cibiyar tana da karfi sosai kan [[Adalci na yanayi]], kuma tana da manufofi masu zuwa: <ref>{{Cite web |title=About CJA &#124; Climate Justice Action |url=http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ |archive-date=2010-03-25 |access-date=2010-04-01}}</ref> * Don ingantawa da karfafa hakkoki da muryoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar da mutanen da abin ya shafa (ciki har da ma'aikata) wajen fuskantar matsalar yanayi. Don tallafawa biyan kuɗi da biyan bashin muhalli ga Kudancin Duniya ta kasashe masu arziki * Don gina yunkurin duniya don adalci na yanayi wanda ke ƙarfafa mataki na gaggawa don kauce wa canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro. * Don nuna muhimmiyar rawar da halittu masu yawa ke takawa wajen magance matsalar yanayi, da kuma kare wanzuwar dukkan nau'o'in halittu. * Don fallasa matsayin "magani" na yanayi na ƙarya da na kasuwa da kuma mamayar kamfanoni na tattaunawar yanayi a kara tabarbarewar rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta hanyoyin da za su iya samar da mafita ta ainihi da adalci ga rikicin yanayi. * Don inganta fahimtarmu, da kuma magance, tushen zamantakewa, muhalli, siyasa da tattalin arziki na rikicin yanayi zuwa ga cikakken canjin tsarin al'ummarmu. * Cibiyar sadarwarmu ta himmatu ga aiki tare da girmamawa, amincewa da hadin kai ga waɗannan manufofi. == Takardun == CJA ta samar da takardu masu zuwa: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325221537/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/about/about-cja/ Manufofin CJA da ka'idojin aiki] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100325215448/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/mobilization/call-for-action/ Kira don aiki (kafin taron kolin yanayi na Copenhagen)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110223195805/http://www.climate-justice-action.org/resources/documents/what-does-climate-justice-mean-in-europe/ Takardar tattaunawa: Menene adalci na yanayi ke nufi a Turai] == Labaran labarai == * [http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/europe/12/07/climate.protests/index.html Labarin CNN: Masu zanga-zangar yanayi sun sauka a Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/mar/16/copenhagen-activist-trial Labarin Guardian: Kotun mai fafutuka na Copenhagen] * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/dec/17/copenhagen-police-tactics-revealed Labarin mai kula: Copenhagen-yan sanda-tactics-bayyana] == Dubi kuma == * Adalci na Yanayi Yanzu == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180809183204/http://climate-justice-action.org/ Shafin yanar gizon Adalci na Yanayi] 8chfuah7fhpe16w9zp3z11o3xyuhp6o 0 112986 915924 696730 2026-09-04T02:42:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Benjamin Lawson Hooks''' (Janairu 31, 1925 - Afrilu 15, 2010) jagoran [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|'yancin ɗan]] adam ne kuma jami'in gwamnati. Ministan Baptist ne kuma [[lauya]] mai aiki, ya yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan kungiyar ci gaban mutane masu launi (NAACP) daga 1977 zuwa 1992. A tsawon aikinsa, Hooks ya kasance mai fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a a Amurka, kuma ya yi aiki daga 5 ga Yuli, 1972 - Yuli 25, 1977 a matsayin ɗan Afirka na farko a cikin Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya (FCC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Dr. Benjamin L. Hooks |url=https://www.memphis.edu/benhooks/about/about-benjamin-hooks.php |access-date=2022-02-19 |website=www.memphis.edu |language=en |archive-date=2025-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018095759/https://www.memphis.edu/benhooks/about/about-benjamin-hooks.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Benjamin Hooks a [[Memphis, Tennessee]] . Ya girma a Kudancin Lauderdale da Vance, shi ne ɗa na biyar na Robert B da Bessie White Hooks. Yana da yaya shida. Mahaifinsa mai daukar hoto ne kuma ya mallaki wurin daukar hoto tare da dan uwansa Henry, wanda aka sani da suna Hooks Brothers a lokacin, kuma dangin sun kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali bisa ka'idojin bakar fata na ranar. Ya tuna cewa dole ne ya sa tufafin da aka yi da hannu kuma mahaifiyarsa ta yi taka tsantsan don sanya dala ta shimfiɗa don ciyarwa da kula da iyali. Kakar mahaifin Benjamin matashiya, [[Julia Britton Hooks]] (1852–1942), ta kammala karatun digiri daga [[Berea College|Kwalejin Berea]] a Kentucky a cikin 1874 kuma ita ce bakar fata ta biyu kawai da ta sauke karatu daga kwaleji. Ta kasance jarumar kida. Ta fara kunna piano a bainar jama'a tana da shekaru biyar kuma tana da shekaru 18, ta shiga sashin koyarwa na Berea, tana koyar da kiɗan kayan aiki 1870–72. 'Yar uwarta, Dr. Mary E. Britton, ita ma ta halarci Berea, kuma ta zama likita a [[Lexington, Kentucky]] . Tare da irin wannan gado na iyali, an ƙarfafa matashin Benjamin don yin aiki tuƙuru a kan aikinsa na ilimi, tare da fatan samun damar zuwa kwaleji. A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, ya ji ana kira zuwa hidimar Kirista. Mahaifinsa, duk da haka, bai yarda ba kuma ya hana Biliyaminu daga irin wannan kiran. Benjamin ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar Omega Psi Phi . A 1952 ya auri Frances Dancy, malamin kimiyya mai shekaru 24. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2005-09-09 |title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Hooks |url=http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050909041913/http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-date=2005-09-09 |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> == Ilimi == Hooks sun yi rajista a [[LeMoyne-Owen College|Kwalejin LeMoyne-Owen]], a Memphis, Tennessee. A can ya gudanar da karatun share fagen shari'a 1941-43. A cikin shekarunsa na kwalejin ya ƙara sanin cewa yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗimbin Amurkawa waɗanda ake buƙatar yin amfani da keɓaɓɓun kayan abinci na abinci, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, da dakunan wanka. "Da ma zan iya gaya muku duk lokacin da nake kan hanya kuma ba zan iya amfani da ɗakin wanka ba," daga baya zai tuna. "Abinda yasa mafitsara ta lalace, ciki ya lalace saboda cin sandwiches masu sanyi." <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2005-09-09 |title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Hooks |url=http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050909041913/http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-date=2005-09-09 |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> == Aikin shari'a == Bayan kammala karatun nan da nan Hooks ya koma Memphis na haihuwa. A wannan lokacin ya himmatu sosai don wargaza ayyukan wariyar launin fata da aka yi a Amurka. Yaƙi da son zuciya a kowane juzu'i, ya ci jarrabawar mashaya ta Tennessee kuma ya kafa nasa aikin doka. “A lokacin an zage ka daga ma’aikatan shari’a, an cire ka daga kungiyoyin farar fata, kuma lokacin da nake kotu, na yi sa’a aka kira ni Ben,” ya tuna a wata hira da mujallar ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]'' . "Yawanci shine kawai 'yaro.' [Amma] alkalai sun kasance masu adalci a kodayaushe, nuna bambanci a wancan zamani ya canza, kuma, a yau, Kudu ta riga ta wuce Arewa a fannoni da dama wajen ci gaban yancin jama'a." A cikin 1949 Hooks yana ɗaya daga cikin ƴan lauyoyin baƙar fata a Memphis. <ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2005-09-09 |title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Hooks |url=http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050909041913/http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-date=2005-09-09 |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> == Sauran kokarin == Hooks koyaushe yana jin sha'awar zuwa cocin Kirista, kuma a cikin 1956 an naɗa shi a matsayin mai hidima [[Baptist|na Baptist]] kuma ya fara yin wa'azi akai-akai a Majami'ar Baftisma ta Tsakiya da ke Memphis, yayin da ya ci gaba da aikin shari'a. Ya shiga [[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]], da sauran shugabannin, a farkon Janairu 1957 [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference|Southern Negro Leaders Conference]] on Transport and Nonviolent Integration, wanda ya shirya kanta, ta watan Agusta, a matsayin [[Southern Christian Leadership Conference|taron jagoranci na Kirista na Kudancin]] (SCLC), tare da wanda ya zama mai shiga tsakani a cikin NAACP-sponsored gidan cin abinci sit-ins da sauran kauracewa ayyuka. <ref name=":04">{{Cite web |date=2005-09-09 |title=Biography of Dr. Benjamin Hooks |url=http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050909041913/http://www.people.memphis.edu/~polisci/HOOKBIO.HTM |archive-date=2005-09-09 |access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> == Ritaya == [[Fayil:Benjamin_Hooks_1995.jpg|right|thumb|Hooks a shekarar 1995]] Hooks da matarsa sun kula da kasuwancin NAACP kuma sun taimaka wajen tsara makomarta fiye da shekaru 15. Ya shaida wa ''jaridar New York Times'' cewa "hankalin aiki da alhaki" ga hukumar ta NAACP ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da zama a ofis a shekarun 1990, amma daga karshe bukatun babban darektan ya yi yawa ga mutumin da ya kai shekarunsa. A cikin Fabrairun 1992, yana da shekaru 67, ya sanar da yin murabus daga mukamin, yana mai kiransa "aikin kisa," in ji ''Detroit Free Press'' . Hooks ya bayyana cewa zai yi aiki a shekara ta 1992 kuma ya yi hasashen cewa canjin shugabanci ba zai kawo cikas ga zaman lafiyar NAACP ba: "Mun sha fama da wasu 'yan lokuta masu hadari a baya. Ina tsammanin za mu shawo kan shi." == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * An ba Hooks lambar yabo ta Spingarn daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci gaban Mutane masu launi, 1986. * A cikin 1988, Hooks ya sami digiri na girmamawa a Jami'ar Jihar Connecticut ta Tsakiya . * A cikin 1992, Hooks ya sami lambar yabo ta Adam Clayton Powell daga Gidauniyar Black Caucus Foundation. * NAACP ta ƙirƙiri lambar yabo ta Benjamin L. Hooks Distinguished Service Award, wanda aka ba wa mutane don ƙoƙarin aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shirye waɗanda ke haɓaka dama daidai. * Jami'ar Memphis ta kirkiro Cibiyar Benjamin L. Hooks don Canjin Jama'a. Cibiyar Hooks ta himmatu wajen tattara malamai tare don ciyar da manufofin yancin ɗan adam, don haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam da mulkin dimokuradiyya a duk duniya, da kuma girmama rayuwar rayuwar kundi. * Hooks ya sami lambar yabo ta Shugaban kasa ta 'Yanci daga Shugaba [[George W. Bush]] a cikin Nuwamba 2007. * An gabatar da shi a cikin Walk of Fame na Ƙasashen Duniya a Martin Luther King, Jr. Cibiyar Tarihi ta Ƙasa a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Civil Rights Walk of Fame Inductees.htm International Civil Rights Walk of Fame Inductees |url=http://www.gainformer.com/Files/International |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513010639/http://www.gainformer.com/Files/International |archive-date=2009-05-13 |access-date=2008-01-19}}</ref> * Babban reshen Laburaren Jama'a na Memphis yana da suna don girmama shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Benjamin L Hooks Central Library |url=http://www.memphislibrary.org/central |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010032247/http://www.memphislibrary.org/central |archive-date=2014-10-10 |access-date=2013-01-29 |publisher=Memphis Public Library & Information Center}}</ref> * Jami'ar Memphis Cecil C. Humphreys School of Law Alumni Chapter ya girmama Hooks a matsayin 2007 Pillar of Excellence. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1925]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7guj9hjmiib4lvq40yze85g7stm9oww 0 113177 915554 913655 2026-09-03T15:13:58Z Hamza DK 12444 915554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Majalisar Tarayyar Turai don Adalci na Yanayi''' wani taron kyauta ne kuma a bude ga duk abin da ya faru a Brussels daga 26th zuwa 29th na Nuwamba 2010. Taron ya samu halartar mutane sama da 250 daga kasashe 10 daban-daban na Turai ciki har da: Burtaniya, Denmark, [[Rasha]], Belgium, Turkiyya, Jamus, Finland, Sweden, Spain,]] Netherlands, da Faransa. Kungiyoyin muhalli daban-daban na Turai da Belgium ne suka shirya taron ciki har da:[[Friends of the Earth]], Yanayi da Adalci na Jama'a, Yanayi na Yanayi na Belgium / Yanayi na Yankin Yanayi na Belgique, da La Via Campesina . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi == Wannan taron ya samo asali ne daga kiran La Via Campesina don "Dubban Cancuns" don mayar da martani ga tattaunawar yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke faruwa a Cancun. Kira ya kasance ne saboda tsoron cewa manyan kasuwanci da kasashe masu masana'antu za su yi amfani da tattaunawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ci gaba da ajanda na kansu kuma kada a inganta yadda yawan mutanen duniya ke bi da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == Tushen: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ "European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29"]. ''Climate & Capitalism''. 23 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> === Jumma'a 26th === Gudun keke mai mahimmanci a ko'ina cikin Brussels, sannan taron zamantakewar rukuni === Asabar 27th === Tattaunawar, taron jama'a da kuma taron yau da kullun === Lahadi 28th === Taron da bita don tattauna shirye-shiryen ƙungiyoyi, ayyuka, da tattarawa. Ya biyo bayan taron "Sing for the Climate", wanda kungiyar Belgium Climate Coalition ta shirya. === Litinin 29th === Taron kimantawa na ranar ƙarshe == Haɗin waje == * [http://climateassembly.wordpress.com/ Shafin yanar gizon Majalisar Tarayyar Turai don Canjin Yanayi] * [http://viacampesina.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=50&Itemid=195 Ta hanyar Campsenia - 1000 Cancuns] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Chanjin yanayi]] hmazggvmz4emvyx7bad0o1mjfuyu77f 915557 915554 2026-09-03T15:14:58Z Hamza DK 12444 915557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Majalisar Tarayyar Turai don Adalci na Yanayi''' wani taron kyauta ne kuma a bude ga duk abin da ya faru a Brussels daga 26th zuwa 29th na Nuwamba 2010. Taron ya samu halartar mutane sama da 250 daga kasashe 10 daban-daban na Turai ciki har da: Burtaniya, Denmark, [[Rasha]], [[Belgium]], [[Turkiyya]], Jamus, Finland, Sweden, Spain,]] Netherlands, da Faransa. Kungiyoyin muhalli daban-daban na Turai da Belgium ne suka shirya taron ciki har da:[[Friends of the Earth]], Yanayi da Adalci na Jama'a, Yanayi na Yanayi na Belgium / Yanayi na Yankin Yanayi na Belgique, da La Via Campesina . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dalilin da ya sa aka yi amfani da shi == Wannan taron ya samo asali ne daga kiran La Via Campesina don "Dubban Cancuns" don mayar da martani ga tattaunawar yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke faruwa a Cancun. Kira ya kasance ne saboda tsoron cewa manyan kasuwanci da kasashe masu masana'antu za su yi amfani da tattaunawar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya don ci gaba da ajanda na kansu kuma kada a inganta yadda yawan mutanen duniya ke bi da muhalli.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka faru == Tushen: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2010-11-23 |title=European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29 |url=https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=Climate & Capitalism |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://climateandcapitalism.com/2010/11/23/european-assembly-for-climate-justice-nov-26-29/ "European Assembly for Climate Justice, Nov. 26-29"]. ''Climate & Capitalism''. 23 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> === Jumma'a 26th === Gudun keke mai mahimmanci a ko'ina cikin Brussels, sannan taron zamantakewar rukuni === Asabar 27th === Tattaunawar, taron jama'a da kuma taron yau da kullun === Lahadi 28th === Taron da bita don tattauna shirye-shiryen ƙungiyoyi, ayyuka, da tattarawa. Ya biyo bayan taron "Sing for the Climate", wanda kungiyar Belgium Climate Coalition ta shirya. === Litinin 29th === Taron kimantawa na ranar ƙarshe == Haɗin waje == * [http://climateassembly.wordpress.com/ Shafin yanar gizon Majalisar Tarayyar Turai don Canjin Yanayi] * [http://viacampesina.org/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=50&Itemid=195 Ta hanyar Campsenia - 1000 Cancuns] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Chanjin yanayi]] 8c5g9ncf52y3cbsrko8rgm3kc9zhzrd 0 113748 915586 698587 2026-09-03T16:08:38Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 915586 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Kogon 'yan Koftik''' kogon teku ne a cikin Yankin [[Burtaniya]] na [[Gibraltar]] na ketare. An yi niyyar amfani da kogon a matsayin abin yaudara don kare Operation Tracer. Wannan wani shiri ne na barin 'yan leƙen asiri idan Birtaniyya ta rasa iko da Dutsen Gibraltar a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]]. == Tarihi == An sanya sunan kogon mai tsayin mita takwas ne bayan wata fitilar da aka gano a shekarar 1937 wacce aka yi kuskuren tunanin asalin 'yan Koftik ne. Yanzu ana tunanin fitilar Roman ce kuma [[Mutanen Vandals|Vandals]] ko [[Daular Rumawa|Rumawa]] ne suka kawo shi Gibraltar. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] an zabi wannan kogon da [[Kogon naman sa|Kogon Beefsteak]] don zama wani bangare na ''Operation Monkey'' wanda ya haifar da kogon yaudara guda biyu. An yi niyya ne don kawar da duk wani bincike na maharan Gibraltar da ke neman 'yan leƙen asiri da Birtaniyya suka bari. Ainihin shirin barin 'yan leƙen asiri a cikin kogo ana kiransa Operation Tracer kuma kasancewar wannan shirin bai wuce jita-jita ba har sai da ƙungiyar Gibraltar Caving Group ta gano kogon a 1997. <ref name="heritage">{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Stay Behind Cave - The Unique Finding of a Forgotten Story |url=http://www.georeme.co.uk/GibraltarHeritage.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120110091450/http://www.georeme.co.uk/GibraltarHeritage.htm |archive-date=10 January 2012 |access-date=11 January 2013 |website=georeme.co.uk |publisher=Gibraltar Heritage - The Magazine of the Gibraltar Government Heritage Division}}</ref> Sun yi watsi da jita-jita cewa Coptic Cave ya shiga yayin da suke jayayya daidai cewa wurin zai kasance a wani wuri daga bangarorin biyu na Gibraltar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stay Behind Cave complex |url=https://www.ministryforheritage.gi/heritage-and-antiquities/stay-behind-cave-complex-1072 |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Gibraltar Ministry of Heritage |language=en}}</ref> Bayan Kogon 'yan Koftik yana da nisan mil 15 daga ƙofar. An samar da wani katako a bayan kogon wanda aka yi niyya a matsayin hanyar tserewa da kuma isar da kayan ta hanyar tsani na katako. Kogon dai an gina katangar bulo wanda har yanzu yana nan wanda ya rufe kofar shiga kuma wani mutum ya yi rufin da aka yi da yadudduka a jikin katako amma yanzu ya ruguje. == Geography == Gibraltar wani lokaci ana kiransa da "Tudun kogon" kuma yanayin halittar dukkan kogon dutse ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} g65r9rb8mhef7p0x9drvqeqleeywq9j 0 114310 915700 884247 2026-09-03T18:18:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Annettee Olivia Nakimuli | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1975}} | birth_place = [[Uganda]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Ugandan | citizenship = Uganda | education = [[Makerere University]]<br/>{{small|([[Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]])}}<br/>{{small|([[Master of Medicine]] in [[Obstetrics and Gynecology]])}}<br/>{{small|([[Doctor of Philosophy]] in Obstetrics and Gynecology)}} | occupation = Obstetrician, Gynecologist, Researcher, Academic | years_active = 2000–present | known_for = Medical practice & research | title = Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology and [[Dean (education)|Dean]]<br />[[Makerere University School of Medicine]]<br/>President of the [[ECSACOG|East, Central and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics and Gynecology]] }} '''Annettee Olivia Nakimuli''' Tun daga 17 ga watan Fabrairu,shekara ta 2021, tana aiki a matsayin Dean na [[Makarantar Hada Magunguna ta Jami'ar Makerere|Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere]], makarantar likita mafi tsufa a [[Gabashin Afirka]]. A lokaci guda tana aiki a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Obstetrics da Gynecology a wannan makarantar likita, rawar da ta taka tun daga shekara ta 2016. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Brenda Namatta |date=8 February 2021 |title=Dr. Nakimuli Takes Over Leadership of School of Medicine |url=https://som.mak.ac.ug/dr-nakimuli-takes-over-leadership-of-school-of-medicine/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723225053/http://som.mak.ac.ug/dr-nakimuli-takes-over-leadership-of-school-of-medicine/ |archive-date=23 July 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |publisher=[[Makerere University School of Medicine]]}}</ref> Ita ce kuma shugabar Kwalejin Gabas ta Tsakiya da [[Kudancin Afirka]] ta haihuwa da Gynecology.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2022 |title=ECSACOG Council – ECSACOG |url=https://ecsacog.org/ecsacog-council/ |access-date=2023-01-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta ne a Yankin Buganda na [[Uganda]] . Bayan ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare, an shigar da ita [[Jami'ar Makerere]] don nazarin likitancin ɗan adam. Digiri na farko shi ne Bachelor of Medicine da Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB). An kuma samo Jagoran Magunguna a cikin Obstetrics da Genecology (MMed Obs & Gyn) daga Makerere . Daga baya, Jami'ar Makerere ta ba ta digiri na Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) tare da hadin gwiwar Jami'ar Cambridge . <ref> name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Makerere Medical School |date=March 2021 |title=Biography of Dr. Annet Olivia Nakimuli |url=https://som.mak.ac.ug/our_team/dr-annet-olivia-nakimuli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926061346/https://som.mak.ac.ug/our_team/dr-annet-olivia-nakimuli/ |archive-date=26 September 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |publisher=[[Makerere University School of Medicine]]}}</ref> Rubutun ta na takardar jarabawar PhD an kira shi "The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Pre-eclampsia in an African Population".<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Annet Olivia Nakimuli |date=2015 |title=Dr Annettee Olivia Nakimuli PhD Defence: The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Pre-eclampsia in an African Population |url=https://mesau.mak.ac.ug/content/dr-annettee-olivia-nakimuli-phd-defence-role-natural-killer-cells-pre-eclampsia-african-popu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112153153/https://mesau.mak.ac.ug/content/dr-annettee-olivia-nakimuli-phd-defence-role-natural-killer-cells-pre-eclampsia-african-popu |archive-date=12 January 2023 |access-date=20 April 2021 |publisher=[[Makerere University]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Nakimuli mai bincike ne na asibiti a cikin rikitarwa na ciki, tare da mai da hankali kan pre-eclampsia da eclampsia tsakanin matan [[Afirka]] da ke kudu da Sahara. Ayyukanta, tare da abokan aiki daga Jami'ar Cambridge sun gano wani kwayar halitta, wanda ke da alaƙa da kariya daga ci gaban pre-eclampsia (Nakimuli et al., PNAS a shekara ta 2015). An bayyana wannan yankin na kwayar halitta ne kawai tsakanin mutanen da suka fito daga Afirka. Ana ci gaba da ƙarin aiki a wannan yanki.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Makerere Medical School |date=March 2021 |title=Biography of Dr. Annet Olivia Nakimuli |url=https://som.mak.ac.ug/our_team/dr-annet-olivia-nakimuli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926061346/https://som.mak.ac.ug/our_team/dr-annet-olivia-nakimuli/ |archive-date=26 September 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |publisher=[[Makerere University School of Medicine]]}}</ref> Ta wallafa ko'ina a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka sake dubawa kuma tana da fiye da wallafe-rubuce 65 da sunanta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Scopus preview - Nakimuli, Annettee - Author details - Scopus |url=https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=50262467600 |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=www.scopus.com}}</ref> == Sauran ayyuka == A matsayinta na shugabar makarantar likita a [[Makarantar Hada Magunguna ta Jami'ar Makerere|Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere]], a cikin Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiyar Jami'ar makerere, Nakimuli a lokaci guda tana aiki a matsayin shugabar sashen obstetrics da gynecology a wannan makarantar likita. Har ila yau, ita ma mai ba da shawara ce a fannin ilimin haihuwa da ilimin mata a asibitin Mulago National Referral, asibitin koyarwa na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Makerere . <ref name="2R"/> Tana aiki a kwamitocin kasa da kasa da yawa, ciki har da:<ref name="2R"/> * Uganda Maternal and Newborn Kungiyar aiki ta fasaha, Kwamitin Gudanarwa na MultiOmics for Mothers and Infants (MOMI) Consortium a Gidauniyar Bill da Melinda Gates . <ref name="2R"/> * Ta taba aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka na Obstetrics da Gynaecology (ECSACOG) wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2017".<ref name="2R"/> == Abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan == A cikin kwata na huɗu na shekara ta 2021, Mataimakin Farfesa Nakimuli an ba shi tallafin bincike na shekaru biyar wanda ya kai dala miliyan 1, daga Gidauniyar Gates. The Calestous Juma Science Leadership Fellowship, shine don bincike a cikin "Great Obstetrical Syndromes" (GOS), gami da jinkirin girma na ciki, haihuwa, haihuwa kafin haihuwa, pre-eclampsia da eclampsia, tsakanin mata na asalin [[Afirka]].<ref name="GrantR">{{Cite web |last=Zaam Ssali |date=26 November 2021 |title=Assoc. Prof. Annettee Nakimuli wins US$1M grant for Maternal Health Research |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/assoc-prof-annettee-nakimuli-wins-us1m-grant-for-maternal-health-research/ |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Makerere University]] }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == * Muryoyi daga gaba: binciken daga nazarin jigogi na binciken duniya na kan layi na masu sana'ar kiwon lafiya da ke fuskantar cutar COVID-19. Wannan binciken ya gano cewa akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin jagora kan gudanar da shari'ar haihuwa tare da ko ba tare da COVID-19 ba.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Semaan |first=Aline |last2=Audet |first2=Constance |last3=Huysmans |first3=Elise |last4=Afolabi |first4=Bosede |author-link4=Bosede Afolabi |last5=Assarag |first5=Bouchra |last6=Banke-Thomas |first6=Aduragbemi |last7=Blencowe |first7=Hannah |last8=Caluwaerts |first8=Séverine |last9=Campbell |first9=Oona Maeve Renee |last10=Cavallaro |first10=Francesca L. |last11=Chavane |first11=Leonardo |last12=Day |first12=Louise Tina |last13=Delamou |first13=Alexandre |last14=Delvaux |first14=Therese |last15=Graham |first15=Wendy Jane |date=2020-06-01 |title=Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/6/e002967 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=e002967 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002967 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=7335688 |pmid=32586891 |s2cid=218580254}}</ref> * Haɗin namiji a lokacin daukar ciki da haihuwa: ra'ayoyin maza, ayyuka da abubuwan da suka faru yayin kula da mata da suka kamu da matsalolin haihuwa a asibitin Mulago, Uganda. Wannan binciken ya samar da bayanai game da rawar da aka fahimta, tsammanin, gogewa da ƙalubalen da maza da ke son shiga cikin matsalolin lafiyar uwa ke fuskanta, musamman a lokacin daukar ciki da haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kaye |first=Dan K. |last2=Kakaire |first2=Othman |last3=Nakimuli |first3=Annettee |last4=Osinde |first4=Michael O. |last5=Mbalinda |first5=Scovia N. |last6=Kakande |first6=Nelson |date=2014-01-31 |title=Male involvement during pregnancy and childbirth: men's perceptions, practices and experiences during the care for women who developed childbirth complications in Mulago Hospital, Uganda |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=54 |doi=10.1186/1471-2393-14-54 |issn=1471-2393 |pmc=3916059 |pmid=24479421 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Misali na tsinkaya na haɗari don kimantawa da rarraba mata tare da cututtukan hawan jini na ciki a cikin saitunan da ba su da wadata: The miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) binciken binciken da ake tsammani na ƙasashe da yawa. Labarin ya sami damar da ta dace don gano mata da ke cikin haɗarin mummunar sakamako na uwa da ke da alaƙa da cututtukan hawan jini na ciki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Payne |first=Beth A. |last2=Hutcheon |first2=Jennifer A. |last3=Ansermino |first3=J. Mark |last4=Hall |first4=David R. |last5=Bhutta |first5=Zulfiqar A. |last6=Bhutta |first6=Shereen Z. |last7=Biryabarema |first7=Christine |last8=Grobman |first8=William A. |last9=Groen |first9=Henk |last10=Haniff |first10=Farizah |last11=Li |first11=Jing |last12=Magee |first12=Laura A. |last13=Merialdi |first13=Mario |last14=Nakimuli |first14=Annettee |last15=Qu |first15=Ziguang |date=2014-01-21 |title=A Risk Prediction Model for the Assessment and Triage of Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Low-Resourced Settings: The miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) Multi-country Prospective Cohort Study |journal=PLOS Medicine |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=e1001589 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001589 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=3897359 |pmid=24465185 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Tasirin COVID-19 a kan ayyukan kiwon lafiya na uwa, jarirai, yara, jima'i da haihuwa a [[Kampala]], Uganda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Burt |first=Jessica Florence |last2=Ouma |first2=Joseph |last3=Lubyayi |first3=Lawrence |last4=Amone |first4=Alexander |last5=Aol |first5=Lorna |last6=Sekikubo |first6=Musa |last7=Nakimuli |first7=Annettee |last8=Nakabembe |first8=Eve |last9=Mboizi |first9=Robert |last10=Musoke |first10=Philippa |last11=Kyohere |first11=Mary |last12=Lugolobi |first12=Emily Namara |last13=Khalil |first13=Asma |last14=Doare |first14=Kirsty Le |date=2021-08-01 |title=Indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal, neonatal, child, sexual and reproductive health services in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/8/e006102 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=e006102 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006102 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=8406460 |pmid=34452941 |s2cid=233393641}}</ref> * Kare nasarorin da aka samu da wuya ga uwaye da jarirai a cikin ƙasashe masu karamin karfi da matsakaicin karfi a fuskar COVID-19: kira ga cibiyar tsaro ta sabis. Binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa samar da isasshen kudade don kula da ayyuka masu mahimmanci tare da shirye-shiryen gaggawa don COVID-19 yana da mahimmanci don ba da damar saurin daidaitawa da gyare-gyare don isar da sabis don mayar da martani ga yanayin watsawa daban-daban da matakai na cutar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Graham |first=Wendy Jane |last2=Afolabi |first2=Bosede |author-link2=Bosede Afolabi |last3=Benova |first3=Lenka |last4=Campbell |first4=Oona Maeve Renee |last5=Filippi |first5=Veronique |last6=Nakimuli |first6=Annettee |last7=Penn-Kekana |first7=Loveday |last8=Sharma |first8=Gaurav |last9=Okomo |first9=Uduak |last10=Valongueiro |first10=Sandra |last11=Waiswa |first11=Peter |last12=Ronsmans |first12=Carine |date=2020-06-01 |title=Protecting hard-won gains for mothers and newborns in low-income and middle-income countries in the face of COVID-19: call for a service safety net |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/6/e002754 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=e002754 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002754 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=7298807 |pmid=32499220 |s2cid=219331698}}</ref> * Ciki, haihuwa da preeclampsia a cikin mata na asalin Afirka. Daga cikin wasu binciken ya ba da shawarar cewa akwai matsin lamba na juyin halitta mai ƙarfi da ke aiki yayin daukar ciki da haihuwa a cikin 'yan Afirka.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nakimuli |first=Annettee |last2=Chazara |first2=Olympe |last3=Byamugisha |first3=Josaphat |last4=Elliott |first4=Alison M. |last5=Kaleebu |first5=Pontiano |last6=Mirembe |first6=Florence |last7=Moffett |first7=Ashley |date=2014-06-01 |title=Pregnancy, parturition and preeclampsia in women of African ancestry |journal=American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology |language=en |volume=210 |issue=6 |pages=510–520.e1 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2013.10.879 |issn=0002-9378 |pmc=4046649 |pmid=24184340 |s2cid=13902725}}</ref> * Sanin alamun haɗari na ciki yana hango shirye-shiryen haihuwa? Wani zargi na shaidar daga mata da aka yarda da su tare da matsalolin ciki. Binciken ya jaddada bukatar ba da fifiko ga shirye-shiryen gaggawa / rikitarwa yayin zaman kulawa kafin haihuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mbalinda |first=Scovia N. |last2=Nakimuli |first2=Annettee |last3=Kakaire |first3=Othman |last4=Osinde |first4=Michael O. |last5=Kakande |first5=Nelson |last6=Kaye |first6=Dan K. |date=2014-10-09 |title=Does knowledge of danger signs of pregnancy predict birth preparedness? A critique of the evidence from women admitted with pregnancy complications |journal=Health Research Policy and Systems |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1186/1478-4505-12-60 |issn=1478-4505 |pmc=4197291 |pmid=25300499 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Har yanzu haihuwar, mutuwar jarirai da jarirai da kuma wadanda suka kusan rasa wadanda ke haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani na haihuwa: binciken da ake tsammani a asibitoci biyu a Uganda. Wannan binciken ya tabbatar da cewa zubar da jini na antepartum, fashewar mahaifa, preeclampsia mai tsanani, eclampsia, da kuma cutar Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets (HELLP syndrome), ya haifar da haɗarin haɗarin mutuwar jarirai (har yanzu haihuwa ko mutuwar jarirai). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nakimuli |first=Annettee |last2=Mbalinda |first2=Scovia N. |last3=Nabirye |first3=Rose C. |last4=Kakaire |first4=Othman |last5=Nakubulwa |first5=Sarah |last6=Osinde |first6=Michael O. |last7=Kakande |first7=Nelson |last8=Kaye |first8=Dan K. |date=2015-04-17 |title=Still births, neonatal deaths and neonatal near miss cases attributable to severe obstetric complications: a prospective cohort study in two referral hospitals in Uganda |journal=BMC Pediatrics |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=44 |doi=10.1186/s12887-015-0362-3 |issn=1471-2431 |pmc=4416266 |pmid=25928880 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Kusan kuskuren uwa daga asibitoci biyu a Uganda: binciken da ake tsammani game da abin da ya faru, abubuwan da ke ƙayyadewa da abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nakimuli |first=Annettee |last2=Nakubulwa |first2=Sarah |last3=Kakaire |first3=Othman |last4=Osinde |first4=Michael O. |last5=Mbalinda |first5=Scovia N. |last6=Nabirye |first6=Rose C. |last7=Kakande |first7=Nelson |last8=Kaye |first8=Dan K. |date=2016-01-28 |title=Maternal near misses from two referral hospitals in Uganda: a prospective cohort study on incidence, determinants and prognostic factors |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=24 |doi=10.1186/s12884-016-0811-5 |issn=1471-2393 |pmc=4731977 |pmid=26821716 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Nauyin cututtukan uwa da mutuwa da ke tattare da cututtuken [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] a cikin ciki: binciken da ake tsammani daga Uganda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nakimuli |first=Annettee |last2=Nakubulwa |first2=Sarah |last3=Kakaire |first3=Othman |last4=Osinde |first4=Michael Odongo |last5=Mbalinda |first5=Scovia Nalugo |last6=Kakande |first6=Nelson |last7=Nabirye |first7=Rose Chalo |last8=Kaye |first8=Dan Kabonge |date=2016-08-04 |title=The burden of maternal morbidity and mortality attributable to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a prospective cohort study from Uganda |journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |language=en |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=205 |doi=10.1186/s12884-016-1001-1 |issn=1471-2393 |pmc=4973370 |pmid=27492552 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * 'Ba za mu rufe ba, saboda ba za mu iya jinkirta daukar ciki ba": binciken da aka haɗu da shi game da samar da kiwon lafiya na uwaye a cikin unguwanni shida na haihuwa a cikin ƙasashe huɗu na Afirka a lokacin annobar COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Semaan |first=Aline |last2=Banke-Thomas |first2=Aduragbemi |last3=Amongin |first3=Dinah |last4=Babah |first4=Ochuwa |last5=Dioubate |first5=Nafissatou |last6=Kikula |first6=Amani |last7=Nakubulwa |first7=Sarah |last8=Ogein |first8=Olubunmi |last9=Adroma |first9=Moses |last10=Adiga |first10=William Anzo |last11=Diallo |first11=Abdourahmane |last12=Diallo |first12=Lamine |last13=Diallo |first13=Mamadou Cellou |last14=Maomou |first14=Cécé |last15=Mtinangi |first15=Nathanael |date=2022-02-01 |title='We are not going to shut down, because we cannot postpone pregnancy': a mixed-methods study of the provision of maternal healthcare in six referral maternity wards in four sub-Saharan African countries during the COVID-19 pandemic |url=https://gh.bmj.com/content/7/2/e008063 |journal=BMJ Global Health |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=e008063 |doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008063 |issn=2059-7908 |pmc=8844957 |pmid=35144921 |s2cid=246749788}}</ref> * ''''KIR2DS5.'''' allotypes da suka gane C2 epitope na HLA-C sun zama ruwan dare a tsakanin 'yan Afirka kuma ba su nan daga Turawa. Wannan binciken ya gano cewa ''KIR2DS5*005'' yana da jerin yarjejeniyar KIR2 DS5 kuma shine kawai allele da aka samu a duka wuraren tsakiya da telomeric na KIR2235.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blokhuis |first=Jeroen H. |last2=Hilton |first2=Hugo G. |last3=Guethlein |first3=Lisbeth A. |last4=Norman |first4=Paul J. |last5=Nemat-Gorgani |first5=Neda |last6=Nakimuli |first6=Annettee |last7=Chazara |first7=Olympe |last8=Moffett |first8=Ashley |last9=Parham |first9=Peter |date=2017-07-06 |title=KIR2DS5 allotypes that recognize the C2 epitope of HLA-C are common among Africans and absent from Europeans |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iid3.178 |journal=Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=461–468 |doi=10.1002/iid3.178 |issn=2050-4527 |pmc=5691316 |pmid=28685972}}</ref> * Bambance-bambance a cikin mai karɓar immunoglobulin-kamar mai kisan kai da kwayoyin halittar leukocyte na mutum da rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tukwasibwe |first=Stephen |last2=Nakimuli |first2=Annettee |last3=Traherne |first3=James |last4=Chazara |first4=Olympe |last5=Jayaraman |first5=Jyothi |last6=Trowsdale |first6=John |last7=Moffett |first7=Ashley |last8=Jagannathan |first8=Prasanna |last9=Rosenthal |first9=Philip J. |last10=Cose |first10=Stephen |last11=Colucci |first11=Francesco |date=2020 |title=Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria |journal=Cellular & Molecular Immunology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=799–806 |doi=10.1038/s41423-020-0482-z |issn=2042-0226 |pmc=7294524 |pmid=32541835}}</ref> * Tasirin sabon na'urar alama mai mahimmanci akan mutuwar uwa da cututtuka a cikin saitunan da ba su da wadata: gwaji mai amfani, mai tsayi, mai sarrafawa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vousden |first=Nicola |last2=Lawley |first2=Elodie |last3=Nathan |first3=Hannah L |last4=Seed |first4=Paul T |last5=Gidiri |first5=Muchabayiwa Francis |last6=Goudar |first6=Shivaprasad |last7=Sandall |first7=Jane |last8=Chappell |first8=Lucy C |last9=Shennan |first9=Andrew H |last10=Kachinjika |first10=Monice |last11=Bukani |first11=Doreen |last12=Makwakwa |first12=Jane |last13=Makonyola |first13=Grace |last14=Brown |first14=Adrian |last15=Toussaint |first15=Paul |date=2019-03-01 |title=Effect of a novel vital sign device on maternal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial |journal=The Lancet Global Health |language=en |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=e347–e356 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30526-6 |issn=2214-109X |pmc=6379820 |pmid=30784635}}</ref> * Yanayin lokaci da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da sake haihuwar matasa a Uganda: Binciken binciken yawan jama'a da kiwon lafiya guda shida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amongin |first=Dinah |last2=Nakimuli |first2=Annettee |last3=Hanson |first3=Claudia |last4=Nakafeero |first4=Mary |last5=Kaharuza |first5=Frank |last6=Atuyambe |first6=Lynn |last7=Benova |first7=Lenka |date=2020-04-14 |title=Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=e0231557 |bibcode=2020PLoSO..1531557A |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0231557 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=7156070 |pmid=32287303 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Tasirin dangi na pre-eclampsia akan nauyin haihuwa a cikin saitin albarkatu mai ƙarancin gaske: Nazarin yiwuwar ƙungiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nakimuli |first=Annettee |last2=Starling |first2=Jennifer E. |last3=Nakubulwa |first3=Sarah |last4=Namagembe |first4=Imelda |last5=Sekikubo |first5=Musa |last6=Nakabembe |first6=Eve |last7=Scott |first7=James G. |last8=Moffett |first8=Ashley |last9=Aiken |first9=Catherine E |date=2020-07-01 |title=Relative impact of pre-eclampsia on birth weight in a low resource setting: A prospective cohort study |journal=Pregnancy Hypertension |language=en |volume=21 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1016/j.preghy.2020.04.002 |issn=2210-7789 |pmc=7450268 |pmid=32330863 |s2cid=216130715}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Uganda == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tox26ps55kzevnw3xzs4g6q6hq3aoii 0 116849 915650 885492 2026-09-03T16:49:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Angela Dwamena-Aboagye''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1965) lauya ce Dan Ghana, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kuma Babban Darakta na Gidauniyar Ark ta Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glitz top 100 inspirational women – Page 100 – Glitz Africa Magazine |url=https://www.glitzafrica.com/glitz-top-100-inspirational-women/100/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526112709/https://www.thestandpoint.com.gh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidauniyar Ark kungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce ke neman magance 'yancin mata a ƙasar Ghana. Dwamena-Aboagye ta kafa mafaka ta farko ga matan da aka yi wa duka a Ghana kuma ta kafa cibiyar rikici, tare da cibiyar shari'a da cibiyar ba da shawara don ba da jima'i da jima'in jima'i na jima'i tare da ayyukan cin zarafin yara a wurare daban-daban a Ghana, ita ma mai ba da shawara ce, kuma mai magana da yawun jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Myjoyonline.com |title=Ghana News - DOVVSU lacks attention - Angela Dwamena Aboagye |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/january-6th/dovvsu-lacks-attention-angela-dwamena-aboagye.php |access-date=2016-08-20 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2016-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828095232/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2014/january-6th/dovvsu-lacks-attention-angela-dwamena-aboagye.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Graphic |first=Daily |title=Angela Dwamena-Aboagye: A true voice for the voiceless - Graphic Online - {{!}} 2016 |url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/life/angela-dwamena-aboagye-a-true-voice-for-the-voiceless.html |access-date=2016-08-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-23 |title=Gender policy implementation key to development - Dwamena-Aboagye |url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/04/23/gender-policy-implementation-key-to-development-dwamena-aboagye/ |access-date=2016-08-20 |website=Ghana Business News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender Development And Resource Center Holds Symposium On Ghana's National Gender Policy |url=http://www.gimpa.edu.gh/news/gender-development-and-resource-center-holds-symposium-on-ghanas-national-gender-policy-1470316538/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911160051/http://www.gimpa.edu.gh/news/gender-development-and-resource-center-holds-symposium-on-ghanas-national-gender-policy-1470316538/ |archive-date=2016-09-11 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.gimpa.edu.gh}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Angela Dwamena-Aboagye (an haife ta Sakyi) a shekarar 1965. == Ilimi == Dwamena-Aboagye ta halarci [[Mfantsiman Girls' Secondary School|Makarantar Sakandare ta Mfantsiman]] da kuma Makarantar Yara Mai Tsarki. Ta kammala karatu daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] kuma tana da digiri na farko na Shari'a, da kuma Takardar shaidar Shari'a a matsayin Barrister daga Makarantar Shari'a ta ƙasar Ghana .[[Ghana School of Law|Makarantar Shari'a ta Ghana.]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Management Team – The Ark Foundation, Ghana |url=https://www.arkfoundationghana.org/cms/management-team/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ta auri Kwame Dwamena-Aboagye . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Gidauniyar, kuma suna da 'ya'ya huɗu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Management Team – The Ark Foundation, Ghana |url=https://www.arkfoundationghana.org/cms/management-team/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517182015/https://www.arkfoundationghana.org/cms/management-team/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ita malama ce a fannin jinsi da doka a Kwalejin Shari'a, [[Jami'ar Ghana]]; kuma mai ba da shawara da mai ba da horo kan jinsi da haƙƙin ɗan adam na mata. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Ma'aikatar Shari'a da Sashen Babban Lauyan daga shekarar 1990 zuwa 1999 amma ta yi murabus don kafa Gidauniyar Ark Ghana . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BUSAC News {{!}} Women Urged to Work Towards Peaceful Elections |url=http://www.busac.org/mainsite/news/nws_0019.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821060624/http://www.busac.org/mainsite/news/nws_0019.php |archive-date=2016-08-21 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=www.busac.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da karɓuwa == * Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C., USDwamena-Aboagye received the Ghana National Commission on Children/[[UNICEF]] National Media Features Award on Children in 1996.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2022}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> She was also the recipient of the [[Unilever|Unilever Ghana]] Award for Distinguished Service for the development of women and children in Ghana in 2005. * African Women’s Development Fund Women of Substance Award&nbsp;for 13 Distinguished African Women (2005).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-02-17 |title=Congratulations Angela Dwamena-Aboagye of the Ark Foundation |url=https://awdf.org/congratulations-angela-dwamena-aboagye-of-the-ark-foundation/ |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |language=en}}</ref> * The United States of America Embassy 2nd Annual Martin Luther King Jr. Award for Peace and Social Justice in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Programs and Events {{!}} Accra, Ghana – Embassy of the United States |url=http://ghana.usembassy.gov/pe150109.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215205801/http://ghana.usembassy.gov/pe150109.html |archive-date=2013-02-15 |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=ghana.usembassy.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Angela Dwamena-Aboagye receives Peace Award |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/198770/angela-dwamena-aboagye-receives-peace-award.html |access-date=2016-08-30 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Millennium Excellence Awards (2010) for Women’s Empowerment by the Millennium Excellence Foundation (2010).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Recipients |url=http://mefafrica.org/mea/past-recipients/ |access-date=2016-08-30}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> * She is also a recipient of the First African Servant Leadership National Awards for Women’s Empowerment in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Congratulations Angela Dwamena-Aboagye of the Ark Foundation – The African Women's Development Fund (AWDF) |url=http://awdf.org/congratulations-angela-dwamena-aboagye-of-the-ark-foundation/ |access-date=2016-08-30 |website=awdf.org}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] ==Manazarta== hfkwp1eybnbp3gtl22ion1teaqsvzb5 0 124238 915552 750750 2026-09-03T15:11:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915552 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amir Abdelazim''' babban jami'in sadarwa ne na Masar kuma mai ba da shawara kan kasuwanci. Ya rike mukamin babban jami'in fasaha da bayanai (CTIO) a masu aiki da wayar hannu a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, gami da ayyukan Millicom na Tigo a Rwanda da Ghana da Asiacell a Iraki.<ref name="Telco2020">{{Cite web |last=Menear |first=Harry |date=8 December 2020 |title=Amir Abdelazim |url=https://telcomagazine.com/interviews/amir-abdelazim-building-ground |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Telco Magazine}}</ref><ref name="ModernGhana2016">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2016 |title=Tigo Ghana appoints Amir Abdelazim as Chief Technology and Information Officer |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/731671/tigo-ghana-appoints-amir-abdelazim-as-chief-techno.html |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Modern Ghana}}</ref> Wani rahoto na 2018 game da canje-canje na gudanarwa a [[Airtel Africa|AirtelTigo]] a Ghana ya lissafa shi daga cikin masu barin jami'an da suka jagoranci aikin fasaha na mai aiki.<ref name="MyJoyOnline2018">{{Cite web |date=17 August 2018 |title=AirtelTigo makes new appointments as it consolidates gains |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/airteltigo-makes-new-appointments-as-it-consolidates-gains/ |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=MyJoyOnline}}</ref> A shekara ta 2022 ya shiga kamfanin ba da shawara na Detecon kuma an bayyana shi a matsayin shugaban kasar a Masar.<ref name="ConsultancyME2024">{{Cite web |date=17 March 2024 |title=Amir Abdelazim on Detecon's growth and impact in Egypt |url=https://www.consultancy-me.com/news/8094/amir-abdelazim-on-detecons-growth-and-impact-in-egypt |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Consultancy-me.com}}</ref> Sanarwar manema labarai ta Ma'aikatar Sadarwa da Fasahar Bayanai ta Masar ta bayyana shi a matsayin manajan darektan Detecon a Masar da kuma kwararren abokin tarayya don sauya fasahar a cikin taron da aka gudanar a 2023 da kuma Mobile World Congress 2024.<ref name="MCIT2023">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=ICT Minister Meets German Ministers, Officials; Discusses Cooperation Prospects with EMA Members |url=https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Press_Room/Press_Releases/66977 |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Ministry of Communications and Information Technology |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923004729/https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Press_Room/Press_Releases/66977 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="MCIT2024">{{Cite web |date=26 February 2024 |title=ICT Minister Meets Bahraini Minister of Telecommunications, Detecon Officials at MWC 2024 |url=https://mcit.gov.eg/en/Media_Center/Latest_News/News/67535 |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Ministry of Communications and Information Technology}}</ref> Abubuwan taron da FutureNet World ta buga sun lissafa shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan Shugaba kan canji a Telecom Egypt.<ref name="FutureNetMENA2025">{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Keynote Panel: The Future Telco: Beyond Connectivity to Network Capabilities & Features |url=https://futurenetworld.net/keynote-panel-the-future-telco-beyond-connectivity-to-network-capabilities-features/2025/06/ |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=FutureNet World}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Abdelazim a Misira kuma ta yi karatun injiniyan sadarwa a Kwalejin Injiniya ta [[Jami'ar Alexandria]], ta kammala a 2003 tare da digiri a cikin sadarwa.<ref name="Telco2020"/> Sanarwar da Tigo Ghana ta yi a shekarar 2016 ta bayyana cewa shi kwararren kwararren ne (PMP), yana da MBA a harkokin kasuwanci na kasa da kasa, kuma ya kammala ilimin zartarwa a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta London.<ref name="ModernGhana2016"/> == Ayyuka == === Farkon aiki === Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Jami'ar Alexandria, Abdelazim ya fara aikinsa a 2003 a matsayin injiniyan sadarwa a Kamfanin Ruwa da Petrochemicals na Alexandria (ANRPC). Daga baya ya shiga Equant, wanda daga baya ya zama Orange Business Services, yana aiki a matsayin mai kula da cibiyar sadarwa.<ref name="Telco2020"/> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2004 ya koma [[Alcatel-Lucent]] (yanzu wani ɓangare na [[Nokia]]), wanda ke zaune a cibiyar ƙwarewa a Alkahira wacce ke tallafawa ayyukan cibiyar sadarwar hannu a Masar da sauran ƙasashe a Arewa da Yammacin Afirka, gami da Aljeriya, Togo da Ivory Coast . <ref name="Telco20202">{{Cite web |last=Menear |first=Harry |date=8 December 2020 |title=Amir Abdelazim |url=https://telcomagazine.com/interviews/amir-abdelazim-building-ground |access-date=13 December 2025 |website=Telco Magazine}}</ref> Daga baya ya yi aiki ga [[Etisalat]] a Misira yayin ƙaddamar da ayyukan wayar hannu kuma daga baya ga Nokia Siemens Networks a kan shirin cibiyar sadarwa ta rediyo da ayyukan ingantawa a Afirka da Gabas ta Tsakiya.<ref name="Telco20202" /> === Millicom da ayyukan Afirka === A cikin 2013 Abdelazim ya shiga Millicom - kamfanin iyaye na alamar Tigo - a matsayin Daraktan Kasuwanci na Afirka, wanda ke zaune a Ƙasar Ingila.<ref name="Telco2020"/> Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin CTIO na Tigo Rwanda sannan kuma na Tigo Ghana.<ref name="Telco2020" /><ref name="ModernGhana2016"/> Bayan hadewar Tigo Ghana da Airtel Ghana, Abdelazim ya zama CTIO na hadin gwiwar mai aiki [[Airtel Africa|AirtelTigo]], inda ya kula da haɗin cibiyar sadarwa da ayyukan sabuntawa na gaba, bisa ga hira ta 2020. <ref name="Telco2020"/> Wani rahoto na 2018 game da canje-canjen gudanarwa na AirtelTigo ya lissafa shi daga cikin masu barin jami'an da suka jagoranci aikin fasahar mai aiki.<ref name="MyJoyOnline2018"/> A lokacin da yake Tigo Ghana an nakalto shi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na yanki game da tura tashoshin tushe na ma'ana zuwa ma'ana da kuma haɗin mara waya don kasuwanci a Accra, Kumasi, Takoradi da Sunyani, da kuma ɗaukar hoto a cikin gini don manyan gine-ginen kasuwanci. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] a53wzzcdqg25ltjqo94dpz67xtqfvvn 0 124350 915430 751074 2026-09-03T12:30:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 915430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Grumpy Old Bookman''''' wani shafin yanar gizo ne na adabi wanda Michael Allen ya fara <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> a ƙarshen Maris 2004. An tattara wasu kasidu da sharhi da aka buga a can a cikin littafinsa na 2005 ''mai suna Grumpy Old Bookman'' . == Tarihi == The Grumpy Old Bookman an yi niyya ne ga masu karatu da marubutan, kuma abun ciki yana hulɗa kusan gaba ɗaya da littattafai da bugawa, gami da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar ci gaba ga marubutan <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> da ingancin hanyoyin sake dubawa na masu bugawa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami suna don magana da sauƙi da jayayya. Wani shigarwa na al'ada zai zama dogon bita na littafi, ko kuma tunanin marubucin game da wani bangare na duniyar littafin, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar wani abu na labarai na baya-bayan nan. == Karɓar baƙi == A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005 ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta lissafa shafin yanar gizon GOB a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shafukan yanar gizo goma. A watan Nuwamba na 2007, Allen ya sanar a shafinsa na yanar gizo cewa zai yi "sabti". Ya ci gaba da rubuta rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo a watan Mayu na 2012. A shekarar 2021, Allen ya sanar da cewa an gano yana dauke da [[cutar Alzheimer]] . == Duba kuma == * ''Tsofaffin Maza Masu Jin Kai (rashin fahimta)'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0ewuaklw8slwk33lw9ianme6xnyjlah 915431 915430 2026-09-03T12:30:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 915431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Grumpy Old Bookman''''' wani shafin yanar gizo ne na adabi wanda Michael Allen ya fara <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> a ƙarshen Maris 2004. An tattara wasu kasidu da sharhi da aka buga a can a cikin littafinsa na 2005 ''mai suna Grumpy Old Bookman'' . == Tarihi == The Grumpy Old Bookman an yi niyya ne ga masu karatu da marubutan, kuma abun ciki yana hulɗa kusan gaba ɗaya da littattafai da bugawa, gami da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar ci gaba ga marubutan <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> da ingancin hanyoyin sake dubawa na masu bugawa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami suna don magana da sauƙi da jayayya. Wani shigarwa na al'ada zai zama dogon bita na littafi, ko kuma tunanin marubucin game da wani bangare na duniyar littafin, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar wani abu na labarai na baya-bayan nan. == Karɓar baƙi == A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005 ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta lissafa shafin yanar gizon GOB a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shafukan yanar gizo goma. A watan Nuwamba na 2007, Allen ya sanar a shafinsa na yanar gizo cewa zai yi "sabti". Ya ci gaba da rubuta rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo a watan Mayu na 2012. A shekarar 2021, Allen ya sanar da cewa an gano yana dauke da [[cutar Alzheimer]]. == Duba kuma == * ''Tsofaffin Maza Masu Jin Kai (rashin fahimta)'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 74f8dyhp7fewtzpalgvaprwlf99byh6 915432 915431 2026-09-03T12:31:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 915432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Grumpy Old Bookman''''' wani shafin yanar gizo ne na adabi wanda Michael Allen ya fara <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> a ƙarshen Maris 2004. An tattara wasu kasidu da sharhi da aka buga a can a cikin littafinsa na 2005 ''mai suna Grumpy Old Bookman''. == Tarihi == The Grumpy Old Bookman an yi niyya ne ga masu karatu da marubutan, kuma abun ciki yana hulɗa kusan gaba ɗaya da littattafai da bugawa, gami da irin waɗannan batutuwa kamar ci gaba ga marubutan <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2007 |title=Knarrig gammal man |url=http://www.svb.se/nyheter/knarrig-gammal-man?page=4&page=313 |access-date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Svensk Bokhandel}}</ref> da ingancin hanyoyin sake dubawa na masu bugawa. Ba da daɗewa ba ya sami suna don magana da sauƙi da jayayya. Wani shigarwa na al'ada zai zama dogon bita na littafi, ko kuma tunanin marubucin game da wani bangare na duniyar littafin, wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar wani abu na labarai na baya-bayan nan. == Karɓar baƙi == A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2005 ''[[The Guardian]]'' ta lissafa shafin yanar gizon GOB a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan shafukan yanar gizo goma. A watan Nuwamba na 2007, Allen ya sanar a shafinsa na yanar gizo cewa zai yi "sabti". Ya ci gaba da rubuta rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo a watan Mayu na 2012. A shekarar 2021, Allen ya sanar da cewa an gano yana dauke da [[cutar Alzheimer]]. == Duba kuma == * ''Tsofaffin Maza Masu Jin Kai (rashin fahimta)'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0i08o4inz6pjynp5b1n10rkanidb8hu 0 125390 915582 754366 2026-09-03T15:59:41Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 915582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brislington''' tsohon gidan zama ne, masauki, likitan tiyata, gidan ma'aikatan jinya, kuma yanzu gidan tarihi ne a lamba 10 George Street, Parramatta, [[Sydney]], New South Wales, [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]]. John Hodge ne ya gina shi daga 1819 zuwa 1821 An haɗa shi cikin tsohon Asibitin Gundumar Parramatta tsawon shekaru da yawa, yanzu yana aiki a matsayin '''Gidan Tarihi na Likitanci da Kula da Marasa Lafiya na Brislington'''. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta New South Wales ce ke mallakar kadarar. An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Gado ta Jihar New South Wales a ranar 2 ga Afrilu 1999.<ref> {{Cite web |title=Brislington Medical and Nursing Museum |url=http://www.brislington.net/Brislington_Medical_&_Nursing_Museum/Home.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816014354/http://www.brislington.net/Brislington_Medical_%26_Nursing_Museum/Home.html |archive-date=16 August 2018 |access-date=21 August 2018}} </ref> == Tarihi == An gina Brislington a shekarar 1819-21 ga ɗan kasuwa kuma mai karɓar haraji, John Hodges, kuma wataƙila an yi amfani da shi a matsayin "Anchor & Hope". Daga baya Sir George Wigram Allen ya mamaye shi daga shekarun 1840 zuwa 1857. Tarihin gida ya yi iƙirarin cewa Hodges ya lashe fam dubu a wasan kati a Woolpack Inn da ke kusa - lu'u-lu'u 8 shine katin lashe gasarsa. Ana kyautata zaton cewa don tunawa da sa'arsa, ya sa masu tubalan da aka yanke wa hukunci su yi tsarin lu'u-lu'u a bangon baya na ginin. Bayan an gina ginin a kan kadada ɗaya da kwata na ƙasa, ginin ya kasance "babba kuma mai kyau", tare da ɗakuna huɗu a kowane bene, gidaje iri-iri na waje waɗanda suka haɗa da kicin da wurin adana kayan abinci, babban ɗakin ajiya, ɗakunan kwana na ma'aikata biyu, barga huɗu da gidan bas, kuma yana da ɗaya daga cikin rijiyoyin farko a garin Parramatta. An sami Hodges da laifin satar babban dutse daga Government Quarry don gina murhun kicin ɗinsa, wanda hakan ya sa aka yanke masa hukuncin sayar da tilas a cikin Jaridar Sydney a ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1825. A shekara ta 1857, sunan ya koma ga Dr Walter Brown, na farko daga cikin tsararraki uku na Doctors Brown, wanda ya kafa dogon dangantaka da aikin likitanci. Brown ya sanya wa gidan suna Brislington bayan garinsu da ke Bristol, [[Ingila]], wanda ya fara shekaru 95 da tsararraki uku na aikin likitanci na iyalin a wannan wurin (har zuwa 1952). Walter Brown ya mutu a shekara ta 1896, matarsa Sigismunda a shekara ta 1903, dukkansu an binne su a makabartar St. John, Parramatta. Itacen ɓaure na Port Jackson ( Ficus rubiginosa ) da ke ƙofar gaba ya riga ya yi girma a shekara ta 1857 lokacin da Brown ya sayi kadarar.[1] Daga shekarar 1949, ta zama wani ɓangare na Asibitin Parramatta kuma ana amfani da ita a matsayin gidan ma'aikatan jinya. A shekarun 1970, an gabatar da shawarar rushe Brislington, domin ba a sake buƙatar wurin zama ba, tare da canjin matsayin Asibitin Parramatta da kuma buɗe Asibitin Westmead, wanda hakan ke nufin cewa Parramatta ta daina ba da kulawar gaggawa. Ba a ci gaba da shawarar rushewar ba. A shekarar 1983, Asibitocin Parramatta da Westmead sun kafa Kwamitin Tarihi don adana tarihinsu, kuma suka fara aiki da Brislington a matsayin gidan tarihi na jinya/asibiti, inda ake ajiye kayan aikin likita da na jinya don kallon jama'a. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} modmuv8x2iatn2e02hq77y4ghpzaskh 0 125446 915495 754447 2026-09-03T13:35:49Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An samo '''''Tarin Kayan Girki''''' na Gidan Tarihi na Australiya a shekarar 1894 lokacin da aka canja wurin daga Gwamnatin New South Wales. A wancan lokacin ya ƙunshi kayan tarihi 115 da aka tattara a cikin tafiye-tafiye uku na gano [[James Cook|Kyaftin James Cook]] a cikin [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]], a lokacin 1768-1780, tare da takardu da abubuwan tunawa da suka shafi waɗannan tafiye-tafiye. An tattara da yawa daga cikin kayan tarihi na al'adu a lokacin da aka fara hulɗa tsakanin Al'ummar Pacific da Turawa. A shekarar 1935, an mayar da yawancin takardu da abubuwan tunawa zuwa Laburaren Mitchell a Laburaren Jiha na New South Wales. Asalin tarin ya nuna cewa abubuwan sun kasance a hannun matar Kyaftin James Cook, Elizabeth Cook da zuriyarta har zuwa 1886. A wannan shekarar, John Mackrell, babban ɗan'uwan Isaac Smith, ɗan'uwan Elizabeth Cook, ya shirya nunin wannan tarin bisa buƙatar Gwamnatin NSW a Nunin Mulkin Mallaka da Indiya a [[Landan]]. A shekarar 1887, wani wakili na gwamnatin New South Wales da ke Landan, Saul Samuel, ya sayi kayayyakin John Mackrell sannan ya sayi waɗannan kayayyakin mallakar sauran danginsa Reverend Canon Frederick Bennett, Mrs Thomas Langton, HMC Alexander da William Adams. Tarin ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hannun Sakataren Mulkin Mallaka na NSW har zuwa 1894, lokacin da aka mayar da shi zuwa Gidan Tarihi na Australiya.<ref name="Thomsett, History of Acquisition">{{Cite web |last=Thomsett |first=Sue |title=Cook Collection, History of Acquisition |url=http://collections.australianmuseum.net.au/amweb/pages/am/NarrativeDisplay.php?irn=35&QueryPage=./NarrativeQuery.php |website=Electronic Museum Narrative |publisher=Australian Museum}}</ref> == James Cook == [[Fayil:James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG|thumb|200x200px|Mutum-mutumin Kyaftin James Cook a Admiralty Arch, London]] Kyaftin James Cook, FRS, RN (7 Nuwamba 1728 [NB 1] – 14 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 1779) ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya ne mai bincike, mai kula da jiragen ruwa, kuma mai zane-zanen faifai, wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai matsayin kyaftin a rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Royal Navy. Cook ya yi taswirar Newfoundland dalla-dalla kafin ya yi tafiye-tafiye uku zuwa Tekun Pacific, inda ya sami hulɗa ta farko ta Turai da gabar tekun gabashin Ostiraliya da Tsibirin Hawaii, da kuma zagayen farko da aka yi a New Zealand.<gallery> Fayil:H000104-_Feather_Cape.jpg|alt=H000104- Feather cloak (ʻahuʻula)| H000104- Tufafin gashin tsuntsu ( ʻahuʻula ) Fayil:H000087-_Lei.jpg| H000087- Lei Fayil:H000111-_Shark's_tooth_knife.jpg|alt=H000111- Shark's tooth knife| H000111- Wukar haƙori ta shark Fayil:H000114-_Netting_for_feather_cape.jpg|alt=H000114- Netting for feather cloak| H000114- Ramin raga don gashin fuka-fukai Fayil:H000141-_Wicker_helmet.jpg|alt=H000141- Wicker helmet (mahiole)| H000141- Wicker hula ( mahiole ) Fayil:H000150-_Shark's_tooth_ring.jpg|alt=H000150- Shark's tooth ring| H000150 - Zoben haƙori na Shark Fayil:H000151-001-_Carved_turtle_figures.tif|alt=H000151-001- Carved turtle figures| H000151-001- Siffofin kunkuru da aka sassaka </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000056-Scoop.jpg|alt=H000056-Scoop| H000056-Scop Fayil:H000110-_Comb.jpg|alt=H000110- Comb| H000110- Tsoka Fayil:H000122-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000122- Fish hook| H000122- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000139-_Bone_harpoon.jpg|alt=H000139- Bone harpoon| H000139- Harpoon na ƙashi Fayil:H000106-_Harpoon.jpg| H000106- Harpoon Fayil:H000151-_Harpoon_head.jpg|alt=H000151- Harpoon head| H000151- Kan Harpoon </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000108-_Comb_of_quills.jpg|alt=H000108- Comb of quills| H000108- Tattara ƙulli Fayil:H000109-_Comb_of_quills.jpg|alt=H000109- Comb of quills| H000109- Tattara ƙulli Fayil:H000115-Knitted_Bark_String_Bag.jpg|alt=H000115-Knitted Bark String Bag| Jakar H000115-Kitted Bark String Jakar Fayil:H000119-Carved_Ornament.jpg|alt=H000119-Carved Ornament| H000119-Ado Mai Sassaka Fayil:H000147-_Wooden_club.jpg|alt=H000147- Wooden club| H000147- Ƙungiyar katako Fayil:H000148-_Wooden_club.jpg|alt=H000148- Wooden club| H000148- Ƙungiyar katako </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000063-_Ear_ornament_or_Kuru.jpg|alt=H000063- Ear ornament or Kuru| H000063 - Kayan ado na kunne ko Kuru Fayil:H000082-_Adze_blade.jpg|alt=H000082- Adze blade| H000082- Ruwan Adze Fayil:H000085-_Stone_club_or_patu_onewa.jpg|alt=H000085- Stone club or patu onewa| H000085- Kulub din dutse ko patu onewa Fayil:H000103-_Cloak_of_dyed_flax.jpg|alt=H000103- Cloak of dyed flax| H000103- Rigar lilin mai launi Fayil:H000137-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000137- Fish hook| H000137- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000138-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000138- Fish hook| H000138- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000156-_Ear_ornament_or_tangiwai.jpg|alt=H000156- Ear ornament or tangiwai| H000156- Adon kunne ko tangiwai Fayil:H000222-_Neck_ornament.jpg|alt=H000222- Neck ornament| H000222- Kayan ado na wuya </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000101-_Bark_cloth.jpg|alt=H000101- Bark cloth| H000101- Zane mai haushi Fayil:H000105-_Breast_Ornament.jpg|alt=H000105- Breast Ornament| H000105- Kayan Ado na Nono Fayil:H000130-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000130- Fish hook| H000130- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000133-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000133- Fish hook| H000133- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000135-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000135- Fish hook| H000135- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000136-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000136- Fish hook| H000136- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000140-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000140- Fish hook| H000140- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000143-_Nose_flute.jpg|alt=H000143- Nose flute| H000143- Busar Hanci Fayil:H000145-_Breast_ornament.jpg|alt=H000145- Breast ornament| H000145- Kayan ado na nono Fayil:H000149-_Chest_ornament.jpg|alt=H000149- Chest ornament| H000149- Kayan ado na Kirji Fayil:H000153-_Wooden_net_needle.jpg|alt=H000153- Wooden net needle| H000153- Allurar raga ta katako Fayil:H000212-_Bark_cloth.jpg|alt=H000212- Bark cloth| H000212- Zane mai haushi Fayil:H000218-_Bark_cloth.jpg|alt=H000218- Bark cloth| H000218- Zane mai haushi </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000098-_Woven_mat.jpg|alt=H000098- Woven mat| H000098- Tabarmar da aka saka Fayil:H000102-_Basket.jpg|alt=H000102- Basket| H000102- Kwando Fayil:H000116-_Neck_ornament.jpg|alt=H000116- Neck ornament| H000116- Kayan ado na wuya Fayil:H000117-_Neck_ornament.jpg|alt=H000117- Neck ornament| H000117- Kayan ado na wuya Fayil:H000121-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000121- Fish hook| H000121- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000128-_Fish_hook.jpg|alt=H000128- Fish hook| H000128- Ƙugiyar Kifi Fayil:H000144-_Fishing_net.jpg|alt=H000144- Fishing net| H000144- ragar kamun kifi Fayil:H000151-_Carved_Figure.jpg|alt=H000151- Carved Figure| H000151- Siffar da aka sassaka Fayil:H000152-_Neck_ornament.jpg|alt=H000152- Neck ornament| H000152- Kayan ado na wuya Fayil:H000351-_Comb.jpg|alt=H000351- Comb| H000351- Tsoka </gallery><gallery> Fayil:H000112-_Pan_Pipes.jpg|alt=H000112- Pan Pipes| H000112- Bututun Kaya Fayil:H000292-_Club.jpg|alt=H000292- Club| H000292- Kulob Fayil:H000158-164-_Arrow_heads.jpg|alt=H000158-164- Arrow heads| H000158-164- Kan kibiya Fayil:H000293-_Club.jpg|alt=H000293- Club| H000293- Kulob Fayil:H000295-_Club.jpg|alt=H000295- Club| H000295- Kulob Fayil:H000366-_Club.jpg|alt=H000366- Club| H000366- Kulob </gallery> == Manazarta == 1hws8l8me08zc05m5w8scpvemo2j9xj 0 127519 915441 760170 2026-09-03T12:37:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alfred Edward Simpson''' (29 Yuni 1868 - 9 Satumba 1940) ya kasance masanin gine-gine a Kudancin Australia, na tsawon shekaru 18 a wannan Jihar. == Tarihi == An haifi Simpson a Woodville, Kudancin Ostiraliya, ɗa kaɗai ne na Edward Robert Simpson (c. 1833 - 11 Yuli 1900) na Kamfanin Kudancin Australia da Jane Mossman "Jeanie" Simpson née Davie (c. Jeanie ta sake yin aure, ga William Gilbert MP a ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1904. Simpson ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Prince Alfred da Jami'ar Adelaide kafin a haɗa ta da D. Garlick & Son architects. An zabe shi Fellow na Cibiyar Gine-gine kuma a ranar 17 ga Maris 1890 ya shiga S.A. Ayyuka da Gine-gine a matsayin mai tsarawa, kuma an inganta shi zuwa Mataimakin Superintendent na Gine-gine na Jama'a a watan Nuwamba 1917 da Superintendente a shekarar 1920.[1] An zabi Simpson a matsayin Fellow na Cibiyar Gine-gine ta Kudancin Australia a shekara ta 1914. Ya kuma kasance Fellow na Royal Australian Institute of Architects.<ref name="Collins">{{Cite web |last=Collins, Susan |year=2008 |title=Architects of South Australia:Simpson, Alfred Edward |url=http://www.architectsdatabase.unisa.edu.au/arch_full.asp?Arch_ID=73 |publisher=Architecture Museum, University of South Australia |access-date=2026-01-01 |archive-date=2025-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318030851/https://architectsdatabase.unisa.edu.au/arch_full.asp?Arch_ID=73 |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ba shi lambar yabo ta Imperial Service Order a watan Yunin 1936. Ya yi ritaya a watan Yunin 1938 kuma ya mutu bayan shekaru biyu. == Ayyuka masu ban sha'awa == * Gidan majalisar dokoki da aka kammala, Adelaide, kuma an kara bangaren gabas <ref name="Collins"/> * Ƙarin hawa biyu zuwa Kotun Majistare, Victoria Square 1921, kuma tsawo mai hawa uku 1933. * [[Jami'ar Kudancin Australia|Kwalejin Malamai ta Adelaide]] Kintore Avenue 1927 * "Melrose Wing" fadada zuwa Art Gallery of South Australia 1936, kuma ya kara da bangon gargajiya da kuma ƙofar shiga. [[Fayil:Alfred_Edward_Simpson.png|thumb|Hoton da J. H. Chinner ya yi]] == Iyali == Simpson ta auri Frances Isabella Kell (ta mutu 7 Nuwamba 1946 a vicarage, Arewacin Adelaide) a ranar 7 ga Satumba 1898. * Brian Kell Simpson (1899-) ya auri Elsie Gwendoline Sandford Colquhoun (1901-) a 1927 * Dorothy Mary Kell "Mollie" Simpson (10 Maris 1903 - 19 Mayu 1970), ɗaya daga cikin likitocin farko na Kudancin Australia, ta auri Rev., daga baya Canon, Horace Percy Finnis (ya mutu 1960) a ranar 6 ga Janairun 1945. * Bessie Hope Kell Simpson (1905-) ta auri Eric Alfred Burden (1903-1944) a 1935 John Edward Burden (an haife shi 27 Disamba 1935) Robert Michael Burden (ya haife shi 25 Mayu 1937) ya auri (1) Margaret Anne Leahy (1937-1996) da (2) Margaret Stewart-Jones a ranar 30 Yuni 2000 Michael John Burden (Michael Burden) (an haifi 14 Maris 1960) Alison Anne Burden (n. 4 Oktoba 1961) Catherine Mary Burden (yan haifi 27 Mayu 1942) ** John Edward Burden (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Disamba 1935) ** Robert Michael Burden (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Mayu 1937) ya yi aure (1) Margaret Anne Leahy (1937-1996) da (2) Margaret Stewart-Jones a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2000 Michael John Burden (Michael Burden) (an haifu shi a ranar 14 ga Maris 1960) Alison Anne Burden (ya haifu shi da 4 ga Oktoba 1961) *** Michael John Burden ([[Michael Burden]]) (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Maris 1960) *** Alison Anne Burden (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Oktoba 1961) ** Catherine Mary Burden (an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Mayu 1942) Suna da gida a Watson Avenue, Toorak Gardens . Ba su da alaƙa da dangin masana'antu na Kudancin Australia. == Manazarta == qmzen9n1lnxp29n8gqmpyvip0hu2iai 0 129722 915424 798735 2026-09-03T12:27:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 915424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]] . Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, [[Satao (elephant)|Satao]], wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da [[Poisoned arrow|kibiya mai guba]] . Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == nx41jggom1ybtmo1q4juiuh97fkfybh 915425 915424 2026-09-03T12:27:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 915425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]]. Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, [[Satao (elephant)|Satao]], wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da [[Poisoned arrow|kibiya mai guba]] . Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == 2cn42dlb9c4ywunq2gnfl9z20wdceym 915426 915425 2026-09-03T12:28:15Z Pharouqenr 25549 915426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]]. Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, [[Satao (elephant)|Satao]], wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da [[Poisoned arrow|kibiya mai guba]]. Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == a3g7mhu9tyjroo9zpr0re3mx2unpha5 915427 915426 2026-09-03T12:28:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 915427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]]. Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, [[Satao (elephant)|Satao]], wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da kibiya mai guba. Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == 9zmbs38xwbw00bwe2qut3odceyhxoe3 915428 915427 2026-09-03T12:28:54Z Pharouqenr 25549 915428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]]. Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, Satao, wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da kibiya mai guba. Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == mhn3t8h2ok0h21vjmvhag6adl4ro1fg 915429 915428 2026-09-03T12:29:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 915429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsavo Trust''' wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke kare namun daji, wadda ke kula da wurin shakatawa [[Tsavo East National Park|na Tsavo East National Park]], [[Tsavo West National Park]], da kuma [[Chyulu Hills]] National Park a [[Kenya]]. Nzioki Wa Makau (Shugaban Hukumar) da Richard Moller, babban jami'in gudanarwa kuma gogaggen matukin daji ne suka kafa wannan asusun. Manufar asusun ita ce kare namun daji, musamman [[African elephants|giwayen Afirka]], da kuma rage cinikin hauren giwa . A watan Yunin 2014, Tsavo Trust ta shiga sahun gaba a duniya lokacin da suka ba da shawarar mutuwar giwar Kenya mafi shahara kuma fitacciyar, Satao, wadda masu farautar hauren giwa suka kashe da kibiya mai guba. Tsarin Tsavo ya ƙunshi {{Convert|16000|sqmi}} ko kuma busasshiyar ƙasa da rabin busasshiyar ƙasa a kudancin Kenya. Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya ce ke kula da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa a wannan yankin. A kusa da wuraren shakatawa, amma a cikin yanayin Tsavo, akwai ƙananan garuruwa, ƙauyuka, wuraren kiwon dabbobi, da gonaki da dama. Wannan tsarin yana ɗauke da mafi yawan giwayen Afirka a Kenya, waɗanda adadinsu ya kai 14,964 kamar yadda yake a shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akwai matsaloli da dama a cikin tsarin Tsavo, wadanda suka hada da: yawan talauci a tsakanin mutanen yankin, rashin isassun ilimi da kiwon lafiya, lalacewar muhalli, rikicin kabilanci kan albarkatu, asarar namun daji, da kuma rashin albarkatun kudi da fasaha don magance wadannan matsaloli. A wannan mahallin, manufar Tsavo Trust da aka bayyana ita ce (1) kare bambancin halittu da kuma karfafa al'ummomi a cikin tsarin Tsavo. Tsavo Trust tana yin hakan ta hanyar zama muhimmiyar abokiyar hulda da Hukumar Kula da Namun Daji ta Kenya, tana ba da tallafi ga sa ido kan bambancin halittu na sama da kasa, hana farautar dabbobi da ayyukan tsaro, da kuma jawo hankalin kudade ga TCA. Tsavo Trust kuma tana kan gaba wajen kafa tsarin kiyaye namun daji na al'umma a cikin tsarin Tsavo (a wajen wuraren kiwon namun daji na Taita-Taveta <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Wildlife Census 2021 Report |url=https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=Ministry of Tourism & Wildlife |publisher=WRTI and KWS |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327055030/https://www.tourism.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/NATIONAL-WILDLIFE-CENSUS-2021-REPORT-ABRIDGED-FINAL-WEB-VERSION.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ), tana samar da fa'idodin ci gaban al'umma da ake bukata da kuma kara yawan mazaunin da ake da shi ga namun daji. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iymu6tuqx9pkuwusk6bftdomer1q1g0 0 130214 915928 767154 2026-09-04T03:12:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Berrell Elizabeth Jensen''' (22 Maris 1933 - 25 Yuli 2015) ta kasance mai sassaka ta Afirka ta Kudu bayan yaƙin duniya kuma mai aikin sassaka ta zamani, ma'aikacin zamantakewa, kuma malamar makaranta. An fi saninta da ayyukanta na jan ƙarfe da sauran ƙarfe, inda ta gudanar da baje kolinta na farko a shekarar 1960. Ta bar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Turai a shekarar 1968 sannan daga baya ta gudanar da cibiyar sana'o'i a Ireland da cibiyoyin ilimin manya da al'umma a Burtaniya. [[Fayil:Jensen_sphere,_Biosphere.jpg|right|frameless]] == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Jensen a shekarar 1933 a [[Potchefstroom]], Afirka ta Kudu ga Phyllis (née Horwood) da Harry Jay. Tana da 'yan'uwa uku da 'yan'uwa biyu daga auren mahaifinta na baya. Jensen ta kammala karatun digirinta na farko a [[Jami'ar Natal|fannin]] kimiyyar zamantakewa. A shekarar 1958 ta yi kwas a fannin aikin ƙarfe da walda a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Natal kuma ta fara yin kayan ado na wayar hannu, ta ci gaba da ƙirƙirar sassaka ta amfani da [[holoko|tagulla]], jan ƙarfe, azurfa, da enamel. Baya ga aikinta da aka nuna, an ba ta aikin ƙirƙirar manyan ayyuka don gine-ginen jama'a. A shekarar 1984 Jensen ta sami takardar shaidar difloma a fannin tsare-tsare daga [[Architectural Association School of Architecture|Makarantar Gine-gine ta Ƙungiyar Gine-gine]] da ke Landan. <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date= |title=Obituaries – Berrell Jensen |url=https://www.aaschool.ac.uk/PUBLIC/NEWSNOTICES/obituaries.php?page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509160901/http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/PUBLIC/NEWSNOTICES/obituaries.php?page=5 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=Architectural Association School of Architecture}}</ref> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Hands-on Berrell got community centre out of a fix |url=http://camdennewjournal.com/article/hands-berrell-got-community-centre-out-fix |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=Camden New Journal}}</ref> [[Fayil:Berrell_Jensen_at_work.jpg|right|frameless]] == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1957, Jensen ta auri Anton Jensen, ɗalibar digirin digirgir, wacce ta haifi ɗa namiji, Michael da 'ya mace ɗaya, Sandra. Saboda mulkin wariyar launin fata, ita da mijinta sun zaɓi ƙaura zuwa Turai daga [[Johannesburg]] . Sun tsaya a [[Crete]], kuma iyalan sun shiga hatsarin mota a shekarar 1969 inda aka kashe mijin Jensen. Jensen da 'ya'yanta sun zauna a [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] kuma suka ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya na ɗan lokaci sannan, a shekarar 1977, zuwa County Donegal, Ireland, lokacin da firist ɗin gurguzu Father James McDyer ya gayyace ta don kafa cibiyar sana'o'i da ɗakin zane-zane. Daga baya Jensen ta zauna a Belfast sannan London inda ta yi aiki a fannin hidimar al'umma, kafa da gudanar da cibiyoyin ilimin manya da cibiyoyin al'umma ciki har da Archway, Highgate da Hampstead . Ta yi ritaya zuwa Ireland, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin mai sassaka. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date= |title=Obituaries – Berrell Jensen |url=https://www.aaschool.ac.uk/PUBLIC/NEWSNOTICES/obituaries.php?page=5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509160901/http://www.aaschool.ac.uk/PUBLIC/NEWSNOTICES/obituaries.php?page=5 |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=Architectural Association School of Architecture}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Hands-on Berrell got community centre out of a fix |url=http://camdennewjournal.com/article/hands-berrell-got-community-centre-out-fix |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=Camden New Journal}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Berrell JENSEN archives |url=http://www.art-archives-southafrica.ch/JENSEN.htm |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=art-archives-southafrica.ch |archive-date=10 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410121213/http://www.art-archives-southafrica.ch/JENSEN.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Nunin Jensen na farko ya kasance a Durban a shekarar 1960. Ta gabatar da wasu nunin faifai 19 a cikin shekaru takwas da suka biyo baya. <ref name=":7"/> Ta yi aiki a fannin ƙarfe, ta amfani da tokar oxy-acetylene, hacksaw, guillotine na ƙarfe da sauran hanyoyin ƙera shi, haka kuma ta yi amfani da dabarun ƙera ƙarfe, resin da siminti. [[Fayil:Brass_and_Bronze_sculpture.jpg|right|frameless]] Jensen ta yi baje kolin kayan tarihi a Afirka ta Kudu da Birtaniya. Ta yi aiki a manyan kwamitocin gwamnati na ginin Bankin Netherlands da ginin Santam da ke [[Johannesburg]], masana'antar Philips da ke Germiston, wurin shakatawa na VIP da ke [[Filin jirgin saman O. R. Tambo|filin jirgin saman Jan Smuts]], duk a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref name="Archives">{{Cite web |title=Architectural Commissions |url=https://www.art-archives-southafrica.ch/PDFs/Berrell_%20JENSEN_1973Brochure_ArchitecturalCommissions.PDF |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Art archives}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JAN SMUTS AIRPORT - Johannesburg |url=https://art-archives-southafrica.com/jan-smuts-airport-johannesburg-artworks |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=Art Archives South Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Wyk |first=Ali |title=The tale of the heavy chrome and vinyl parastatal chairs |url=https://huisraad.co.za/blogs/news/the-tale-of-the-heavy-chrome-and-vinyl-parastatal-chairs |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=HUISRAAD MODERN}}</ref> da kuma Gidan Tarihi na [[Windhoek]] da ke Namibia. A shekarar 1977, Jensen ta fara cibiyar sana'o'i a County Donegal, Ireland. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The tale of the heavy chrome and vinyl parastatal chairs |url=https://huisraad.co.za/blogs/news/the-tale-of-the-heavy-chrome-and-vinyl-parastatal-chairs |access-date=29 March 2020 |website=Huisraad Modern}}</ref> A can, ta ƙirƙiri ɗakin zane-zane don horar da ɗalibai a fannin ƙarfe da sassaka, da kuma yin kayan ado, yin bugu, da sauran sana'o'i. <ref name=":7"/> Ta kuma ci gaba da aiki a kan manyan zane-zane, ciki har da a Asibitin Longford Westmeath da ke Mullingar . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BERRELL JENSEN COMMISSIONS in Ireland 1995 – 2002 |url=http://www.art-archives-southafrica.ch/PDFs/BJ_Ireland.pdf |access-date=6 November 2022 |website=Art archives}}</ref> A shekarar 1993, Jensen ta sayi cocin [[Protestan bangaskiya|Furotesta]] mai shekaru 300 a Rochfortbridge, County Westmeath . Ta gyara ginin ta kuma kafa ɗakin studio na ƙarfe. Ta sake fara aikin walda da kuma kammala kwamitocin ga hukumomin yankin. <ref name=":7"/> == Sabis na al'umma == An gayyaci Jensen ta kafa cibiyar sana'o'i a Glencolumbkille, Ireland a shekarar 1977 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani shiri na haɓaka masana'antu na gida kuma daga baya aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar darakta a wata cibiyar ilimin manya a Belfast. A Landan, ta kasance mai kula da sabuwar Cibiyar Al'umma ta Highgate Newtown, tana aiki tare da kwamitin mutanen gida da kansiloli don shirya shirye-shiryen ayyuka ga cibiyar, waɗanda suka shafi wasanni, zaman shawarwari, aikin hannu, nishaɗi da zaman ga masu fansho, iyaye mata, da jarirai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=JAN SMUTS AIRPORT - Johannesburg |url=https://art-archives-southafrica.com/jan-smuts-airport-johannesburg-artworks |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=Art Archives South Africa}}</ref> Daga nan ta zama darektan Cibiyar Al'umma ta Hampstead, wani muƙami da ta riƙe tsawon shekaru tara. <ref name=":7"/> A shekarar 2001, Jensen ta kafa ƙungiyar muhalli ta Gundumar Westmeath wadda ke fafutukar hana wani wurin zubar da shara a yankin Killucan. <ref name=":7" /> == Mutuwa == Jensen ya mutu yana da shekaru 82 a Cork, Ireland, a ranar 25 ga Yuli, 2015. <ref name=":7"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=JAN SMUTS AIRPORT - Johannesburg |url=https://art-archives-southafrica.com/jan-smuts-airport-johannesburg-artworks |access-date=4 November 2022 |website=Art Archives South Africa}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2015]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] kgtj4xoya3sh06xmsyw3qqyw0ln1ofh 0 133020 915493 776961 2026-09-03T13:35:07Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lawrence Bernhart Anderson''' (7 ga watan Mayu shekarar, 1906 – 6 ga watan Afrilu shekarar, 1994) <ref name="SSDI">{{Cite web |title=Lawrence B. Anderson |url=http://www.americanancestors.org/PageDetail.aspx?recordId=82613131 |access-date=18 April 2011 |website=Social Security Death Index |publisher=New England Historic Genealogical Society}}</ref> wani mai zane ne kuma malami ɗan ƙasar Amurka kuma mai goyon bayan salon ƙasa da ƙasa a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawrence B. Anderson - The Tech<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V114/N20/anderson.20n.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308012725/http://tech.mit.edu/V114/N20/anderson.20n.html |archive-date=2016-03-08 |access-date=2009-05-08}}</ref> An haife shi a Geneva, Minnesota, ya sami digiri na farko a fannin fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi a shekarar 1927 da kuma digiri na farko a fannin gine-gine a 1928, duka daga Jami'ar Minnesota . Anderson ya koyar a Jami'ar Virginia na tsawon shekaru biyu kafin ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin gine-gine daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a 1930. Yayin da yake ɗalibi na digiri na biyu a MIT, Anderson ya sami lambar yabo ta Paris mai daraja don karatun digiri na biyu a Ecole des Beaux Arts da ke Paris. An ɗauki Anderson aiki a MIT a shekarar 1933 kuma ya koyar a Sashen Gine-gine na tsawon shekaru 46 kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen daga 1947 zuwa 1965 da kuma shugaban Makarantar Gine-gine da Tsare-tsare daga 1965 har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya a 1972. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 1953. <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=18 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1994]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] aevmvgqc9zgvlejr6g1vhz0118gniag 0 135255 915544 799981 2026-09-03T14:54:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915544 wikitext text/x-wiki Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ƙa'ida yana neman haɓaka fa'idodi da rage haɗarin da ke tattare da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu tabin hankali. Ga magungunan psychoactive ba bisa ƙa'ida ba waɗanda ba a karkatar da su ta hanyar likita ba, wasu masu suka [1] [2] sun yi imanin cewa amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a cikin nishaɗi ba shi da alhaki, saboda ƙarfin da ba a iya faɗi ba da kuma tsarkin magungunan da ba a sa ido a kansu ba da kuma haɗarin jaraba, kamuwa da cuta, da sauran illolin da ke tattare da su. Duk da haka, masu fafutukar rage illa suna da'awar cewa mai amfani zai iya ɗaukar alhakin ta hanyar amfani da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya da suka shafi shan barasa : guje wa yanayi masu haɗari, yawan shan ƙwayoyi, da haɗakar magunguna masu haɗari; guje wa allura; da kuma rashin amfani da magunguna a lokaci guda da ayyukan da ka iya zama marasa haɗari ba tare da yanayin rashin lafiya ba. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Ana iya ɗaukar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin aiki wanda zai iya zama mai amfani amma kuma mai haɗari. Kamar sauran ayyuka masu haɗari kamar yin tsalle a sararin sama ko hawan dutse, ana iya rage haɗarin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar amfani da dabarun rage illa kamar ilimi, taka tsantsan, da hankali. Waɗannan masu fafutuka sun kuma nuna cewa matakin gwamnati (ko rashin aiki) yana sa shan miyagun ƙwayoyi mai alhaki ya fi wahala ta hanyar ƙara haɗari ta hanyar wucin gadi, kamar ta hanyar sanya magungunan da aka sani da tsarki da ƙarfi ba su samuwa saboda haramcin. == Rage illa == [[Fayil:Zero_alcool_pendant_la_grossesse.svg|thumb|[[Sakonnin gargadi na kwalliya|Alamar giya]] da ke nuna cewa ba a shan giya a lokacin [[Ciki|daukar ciki]]]] [[Fayil:Cocaine_lines_2.jpg|thumb|Ya kamata a guji gurɓataccen kuɗi kamar takardun kuɗi da ake yawan amfani da su don yin minshari domin suna iya yaɗuwa [[Hepatitis C|cutar hepatitis C.]] <ref name="LV">{{Cite web |last=Laureen Veevers |date=1 October 2006 |title='Shared banknote' health warning to cocaine users |url=http://cocaine.org/cokemoney/banknotes.html |access-date=2008-07-26 |website=The Observer}}</ref>]] An jaddada amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ƙa'ida a matsayin babbar hanyar rigakafi a manufofin rage cutarwa. An shahara da manufofin rage cutarwa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980 duk da cewa sun fara ne a shekarun 1970s, inda aka rarraba zane-zane ga masu amfani da su, suna bayanin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ƙa'ida da kuma sakamakon shan miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ƙa'ida. Rage cutarwa kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi ga shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya fara ne a matsayin falsafa a shekarun 1980 da nufin rage yaɗuwar cutar HIV tsakanin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar jijiya. Ya kuma mai da hankali kan amfani da kwaroron roba don hana yaɗuwar cutar HIV ta hanyar jima'i. Rage cutarwa ya yi aiki yadda ya kamata har masu bincike da masu tsara manufofin al'umma suka daidaita ka'idar zuwa ga wasu cututtuka da masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ke kamuwa da su, kamar [[Hepatitis C|Hepatitis C.]] Farfesa Graham Foster, na Asibitin St Mary, Landan, ya ce: "Raba takardun kuɗi ko bambaro babban abin haɗari ne da mutane ke buƙatar sani sosai. Duk da cewa haɗarin kamuwa da cutar hepatitis C ta hanyar yin minshari ya yi ƙasa da ta hanyar raba allura, har yanzu yana nan." <ref name="LV"/> Rage illa yana neman rage illolin da ka iya faruwa ta hanyar amfani da magunguna daban-daban, ko dai na halal ne (misali ethanol (barasa), kafeyin da nicotine ), ko kuma na haram (misali heroin da cocaine ). Misali, mutanen da ke allurar magunguna za su iya rage illa ga kansu da kuma 'yan al'umma ta hanyar amfani da dabarar allura mai kyau, amfani da sabbin allurai da sirinji masu tsafta a kowane lokaci, amfani da ruwa mai tsafta, amfani da matatun micron masu tsafta don tsarkake mafita, amfani da kushin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta don shirya wuraren allura da tsaftace kwalaben hada magunguna/kwantenan, gwada abubuwan da ke gurbata muhalli, da kuma ta hanyar zubar da duk kayan aikin allura yadda ya kamata. An aiwatar da wasu hanyoyin rage illa da magunguna kamar su crack cocaine . A wasu birane, masu fafutukar kare lafiyar takwarorinsu (Weeks, 2006) sun shiga cikin raba ruwan bakin bututun crack don rage haɗarin Hepatitis A, B da C da HIV saboda raba bututu yayin da lebe da baki ke ɗauke da gyambo a buɗe. Haka kuma, wani bincike da Bonkovsky da Mehta suka gudanar ya nuna cewa, kamar allurar da aka raba, raba bambaro da ake amfani da shi don "shaƙa" cocaine na iya yaɗa cututtukan jini kamar Hepatitis C. Saboda haka, mai amfani da alhakin yana ɗaukar mataki don rage yaɗuwar ƙwayoyin cuta masu ɗauke da jini kamar su hepatitis C da HIV a cikin al'umma baki ɗaya da kuma rage haɗarin kamuwa da su da illolin da suka shafi magunguna. === Wuraren allurar da aka kula da su (SiS) === Samar da wuraren allurar da aka kula da su, wanda kuma ake kira wuraren allurar lafiya, yana aiki ne a ƙarƙashin manufar rage illa ta hanyar samar wa mai amfani da maganin allurar wuri mai tsabta da kayan tsafta kamar allura, ruwan da ba shi da tsafta, swabs na barasa, da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su don allurar lafiya. [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] ta buɗe wani kamfanin SiS mai suna Insite a unguwarta mafi talauci, Downtown Eastside . An buɗe Insite a shekara ta 2003 kuma ya rage illoli da yawa da ke tattare da amfani da allurar rigakafi. Sashen bincike na wurin, <ref name="vancouver" /> wanda Cibiyar Kyau ta HIV/AIDS ke gudanarwa ya gano cewa SiS yana haifar da ƙaruwar mutanen da ke shiga maganin cire guba da kuma shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ba tare da ƙara yawan laifukan da suka shafi miyagun ƙwayoyi ba. Haka kuma, yana rage zubar da kayan magani (misali, allurar da aka yi amfani da ita) a kan titi kuma yana rage adadin mutanen da ke yin allurar a wuraren jama'a. Shirin yana jan hankalin masu amfani da cutar, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin raba allura a cikin al'ummar Downtown Eastside, kuma a cikin yawan shan ƙwayoyi 453 da suka faru a wurin, ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya sun ceci kowa. Tunda manufar miyagun ƙwayoyi ta Netherlands ta ɗauki amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a matsayin batu na zamantakewa da lafiya ba na doka ba, gwamnati ta buɗe asibitoci inda masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi za su iya shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin yanayi mai aminci da tsabta. Ana ba wa masu amfani damar samun allurai masu tsabta da sauran kayan aiki, jami'an lafiya suna sa ido a kansu kuma ana ba su damar neman taimako daga jarabar miyagun ƙwayoyi. Saboda nasarar farko da aikin ya samu wajen rage yawan mace-mace da kuma yaduwar kwayar cutar a tsakanin masu amfani da allurar rigakafi, an fara wasu ayyuka a [[Switzerland]], [[Jamus]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Asturaliya|Ostiraliya]], [[Kanada]] da [[Norway]] . [[Faransa]], [[Denmark]] da [[Portugal]] sun kuma bude cibiyoyin shan magunguna da dama. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == Ka'idoji == Duncan da Gold suna jayayya cewa domin a yi amfani da magunguna masu sarrafawa da sauran su da kyau, dole ne mutum ya bi jerin ƙa'idodi. Su da wasu <ref name="cato1">{{Cite web |date=8 September 2008 |title=Towards a Culture of Responsible Psychoactive Drug Use |url=https://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/09/08/earth-fire-erowid/towards-culture-responsible-psychoactive-drug-use |access-date=18 May 2017 |publisher=Cato Unbound |language=en}}</ref> suna jayayya cewa masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata su ci gaba ta hanyar: * fahimtar da kuma ilmantar da kai game da illolin, haɗari, illolin da kuma matsayin da miyagun ƙwayoyi suke da shi a shari'a <ref name="cato1"/> * auna ma'aunin da ya dace, da kuma ɗaukar wasu matakan kariya don rage haɗarin yawan shan ƙwayoyi yayin shan magunguna inda ake iya shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima * idan zai yiwu, a duba dukkan sinadarai kafin a yi amfani da su domin a tantance tsarkinsu da ƙarfinsu. * ƙoƙarin samun magunguna mafi tsafta da inganci waɗanda aka ɗaure ba tare da wani maganin yankewa ba a mafi kyawun lokaci <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> kamar ta hanyar siyayya a kasuwannin duhu <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * amfani da ƙwayoyi ne kawai a cikin yanayi na zamantakewa mai annashuwa da alhaki, domin canjin sani na iya zama bai dace ba a cikin yanayi mai haɗari ko wanda ba a sani ba. * guje wa tuƙi, sarrafa manyan injuna, ko kuma sanya kansu kai tsaye ko a kaikaice alhakin tsaron ko kula da wani mutum yayin da suke maye da kuma hana mutane tuka abin hawa yayin da suke maye * samun mai kula da tafiya (ko "mai taimakawa") lokacin shan magungunan hallucinogenic * shan ƙaramin magani da farko lokacin shan sabon magani ("fara ragewa kaɗan kuma a yi sannu a hankali") <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> * shan ƙaramin maganin nishaɗi wanda zai haifar da tasirin da ake so * amfani da magungunan nishaɗi a matsakaici, sanya iyaka mai ma'ana kan shan su da kuma rashin barin shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya mamaye wasu fannoni na rayuwarsu (misali nauyin kuɗi da zamantakewa) * guje wa haɗawa ko haɗa magunguna, musamman magunguna da ba a sani ba tare da hulɗa mai haɗari da aka sani * rashin amincewa da wani da alhakin lafiyarka da amincinka * sanin dabarun taimakon gaggawa na asali da kuma ɗaukar nauyin amfani da su yadda ya kamata a lokutan gaggawa na magunguna * guje wa allurar magunguna; idan ba za a iya guje wa allurar ba, to ta hanyar amfani da kayan da suka dace kamar allurar rigakafi, matatun micron, da ruwan tsafta * fahimtar cewa ɗabi'un mutum da halayensa na shan miyagun ƙwayoyi a gaban wasu za su yi tasiri ga wasu, musamman yara * kauracewa shan miyagun ƙwayoyi idan bai dace ba saboda dalilai na lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya kamar lokacin daukar ciki * girmama shawarar mutum game da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi * samar da madadin ɗabi'un zamantakewa da nishaɗi masu karɓuwa a cikin rukuni ga wasu da kuma guje wa shan ƙwayoyi don zama kawai abin da ke motsa ko mayar da hankali ga yanayin zamantakewa * fahimtar keɓancewar martani <ref name="cato1" /> * sanin tasirin rikitarwa na saitin da wuri akan abubuwan da ke haifar da magungunan psychoactive da kuma yin aiki yadda ya kamata Wasu daga cikin jagororin ɗabi'a da aka gabatar sun haɗa da: * ba tare da yaudara ko ƙoƙarin shawo kan kowa ya yi amfani da magani ba * sanin ɗabi'un mutum game da tushen magungunan da yake amfani da su Duncan da Gold sun ba da shawarar cewa amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi bisa ga doka ya ƙunshi fannoni uku na alhakin: * Yanayi: damuwa game da yiwuwar yanayi da za a iya amfani da magunguna bisa doka, kamar guje wa yanayi masu haɗari; rashin amfani lokacin da kai kaɗai; ko kuma amfani saboda tilastawa ko lokacin da amfani da magunguna da kansa shine kawai dalilin amfani. * Lafiya: guje wa shan ƙwayoyi fiye da kima ko haɗakar magunguna masu haɗari; wayar da kan jama'a game da yiwuwar sakamakon lafiya na amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi; guje wa halayen amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ka iya haifar da jaraba; da kuma rashin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a lokacin nishaɗi a lokutan damuwa mai yawa. * Tsaro: amfani da ƙaramin adadin da ake buƙata don cimma tasirin da ake so; amfani da shi kawai a wurare masu annashuwa tare da abokan hulɗa masu taimako; guje wa amfani da magunguna ta hanyar allura; da kuma rashin amfani da magunguna yayin yin ayyuka masu rikitarwa ko waɗanda maganin zai iya lalata ikon mutum na aiki lafiya. == Suka da jayayya masu karo da juna == === Sakamakon lafiya da zamantakewa === Ba a ɗaukar shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu amfani da su a matsayin abin da ya dace da zamantakewa; galibi ana nuna musu wariya a zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya shafar aikin aiki; duk da haka, bai kamata a buƙaci gwajin ƙwayoyi ba idan haka ne, domin aikin mai amfani ba zai yi kyau ba, kuma zai zama dalilin korarsa. Idan aka yi amfani da amphetamines, amphetamines da aka maye gurbinsu da sauran abubuwan ƙarfafawa, ƙarfin aiki yana ƙaruwa, wanda a cikinsa ya haifar da ƙarin la'akari da ɗabi'a. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> === Haramtacciyar hanya === Haramtacciyar hanya tana haifar da matsalolin wadata, kuma ta hanyar wucin gadi tana ƙara farashi fiye da farashin samarwa da sufuri. Tsabta da ƙarfin magunguna da yawa yana da wuya a tantance su, domin magungunan ba su da doka. Riba tana jawo masu tsaka-tsaki marasa tsari zuwa masana'antar waɗannan kayayyaki masu mahimmanci, wanda ke shafar ikon masu amfani kai tsaye don samun da amfani da magungunan lafiya da kuma tilasta wa mai amfani ya ɗauki haɗarin da za a iya gujewa. Yawan shan magunguna tare da tsabta daban-daban yana da matsala. Ƙoƙarin riba yana ba wa masu siyar da magunguna ba bisa ƙa'ida ba waɗanda suka narke abubuwan da aka yanka; lokacin da mai amfani, yana tsammanin ƙaramin allurai, ya sayi magunguna "marasa yankewa", yawan shan su na iya haifar da hakan. Ana kuma tambaya game da ɗabi'ar siyan wasu ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, ganin cewa an kiyasta cewa cinikin hodar iblis yana haifar da mutuwar mutane 20,000 a shekara a [[Kolombiya|Colombia]] kaɗai. [ yana buƙatar sabuntawa? ] Ƙara yawan buƙatar hodar iblis ta Yamma yana sa mutane da yawa su rasa gidajensu kowace shekara, 'yan asalin ƙasar suna bauta wa samar da hodar iblis kuma mutane suna mutuwa ta hanyar haƙar ma'adinai da ƙungiyoyin masu safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi don kare amfanin gonar coca. <ref name="monbiot" /> Duk da haka, yawancin mace-macen da ake samu a yanzu sakamakon cinikin miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba na iya faruwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin da magungunan ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne kuma wasu masu suka suna zargin haramcin magunguna ba wai shan su ba ne saboda tashin hankalin da ke kewaye da su. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Haramcin magunguna da kansu na iya haifar da sakamako na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga waɗanda ke amfani da su, kuma ƙa'idojin doka na samar da magunguna da rarrabawa na iya rage waɗannan da sauran haɗarin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. === A kan bukukuwa === Ganin cewa miyagun ƙwayoyi sun zama ruwan dare a al'adun bukukuwa, ana ƙara la'akari da ɗaukar matakan amfani da su cikin aminci a can. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Wasu masu shirya bikin kiɗa sun zaɓi samar da ayyuka da aka tsara don sanar da mutane game da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma duba miyagun ƙwayoyi don kawar da waɗanda ke da laƙabi masu haɗari. <ref name="inde1" /> <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KOSMICARE: Taking care of each other |url=https://boomfestival.org/boom2023/guide/kosmicare/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Boom Festival}}</ref> Sakamakon haka, wasu sun ba da rahoton raguwar aikin likitoci, ƙungiyar jin daɗin jama'a da jami'an 'yan sanda na bikin. <ref name="inde1">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2016 |title=I spent my weekend testing drugs at a festival |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/secret-garden-party-drugs-service-i-tested-drugs-at-festival-service-for-everyone-a7155376.html |access-date=18 May 2017 |website=The Independent}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyi == Akwai ƙungiyoyi da yawa don haɓaka amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kuma rage illa a duk faɗin duniya. Wasu, kamar Students for Sensible Drug Policy ko Drug Policy Alliance, ƙungiyoyi ne masu fafutuka waɗanda ke da alhakin sake fasalin manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi, haɓaka binciken kimiyya kan magunguna, da kuma adawa da ƙyama da rashin gaskiya game da amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wasu kuma suna wanzuwa galibi a matsayin ayyukan gwajin ƙwayoyi ga masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (misali Energy Control ko DrugsData), ko kuma a matsayin ayyukan allurar da ake sa ido a kansu (misali Insite), ko kuma a matsayin tushen bayanai (misali Bluelight ko Erowid). Gwamnatoci sun fara magance amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da alhaki a cikin yankunansu. Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam ta Amurka ta magance rage lalacewa ta hanyar Gudanar da Ayyukan Lafiyar Hankali da Cin Zarafin Miyagun Kwayoyi a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Rigakafin Yawan Shan Miyagun Kwayoyi na sashen. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> {{Columns-list|* [[Bluelight (web forum)|Bluelight]] * [[Erowid]] * [[DanceSafe]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dancemusicnw.com/mitchell-gomez-dance-safe-exclusive-interview/|title=Harm Reduction Advocates Want to Make Echostage Safer|date=22 February 2018|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Francis |first=Phillip |date=2017-08-24 |title=The Future Of Dance Safe, With Mitchell Gomez [Exclusive Interview] |url=https://www.dancemusicnw.com/mitchell-gomez-dance-safe-exclusive-interview/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=Dance Music NW |language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Drug Policy Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Jeff B. |title=Rachael Leigh Cook and Her Frying Pan Are Back to Explain the War on Drugs - The Pacific Tribune |url=https://pacifictribune.com/2017/04/rachael-leigh-cook-psa-war-drugs/ |access-date=2022-09-04 |website=pacifictribune.com/ |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904122626/https://pacifictribune.com/2017/04/rachael-leigh-cook-psa-war-drugs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Harm Reduction International]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=We envision a world in which drug policies uphold dignity, health and rights. |url=https://hri.global/about-us/ |access-date=2023-12-05 |website=Harm Reduction International}}</ref> * [[Insite]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2011-09-30 |title=Vancouver Insite drug-injection facility can stay open |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-15130282 |access-date=2023-12-05}}</ref> * [[Students for Sensible Drug Policy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/melbourne-unis-student-union-is-going-to-hand-out-free-drug-testing-kits/|title=Melbourne Uni's Student Union Will Soon Hand out Free Drug Testing Kits|date=16 September 2016|access-date=23 November 2018}}</ref>|colwidth=30em}} == Duba kuma == {{Columns-list|* [[Cognitive liberty]] * [[Counterfeit drug]] * [[Drug checking]] * [[Drug education]] * [[Drug harmfulness]] * [[Drug liberalization]] * [[Drug policy]] * [[Entheogen]] * [[Harm reduction]] * [[Psychonautics]] * [[Reagent testing]] * [[Straight edge]] * [[Trip killer]]}} == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karatu == * Zinberg, NE (1984) ''[http://www.psychedelic-library.org/zinberg.htm Magani, Saiti, da Saiti: Tushen Amfani da Maye Mai Sarrafawa]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press) == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.quihn.org Takardun bayanai kan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi na nishaɗi mai kyau] * [http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/09/08/ Zuwa ga Al'adar Amfani da Magunguna Masu Haɗarin Hankali] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309042736/http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/09/08/ |date=2012-03-09 }} * [http://www.erowid.org/psychoactives/basics/basics_article4.shtml Tushen Amfani da Hankali Mai Kula da Kai], Erowid === Rage illa === * [http://www.dpna.org/drugissues/harmreduction.htm Tarihin Rage Barna] * [http://www.somnit.org/en/index.php SOM.NIT // Rage haɗari da ke tattare da shan ƙwayoyi na nishaɗi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805113934/http://www.somnit.org/en/index.php |date=2021-08-05 }} * [http://www.tripproject.ca/trip/ Bayanin Rage Barna da Magunguna (da albarkatu a Kanada)] === Shafukan yanar gizo masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu alhaki === * [http://www.consumeresponsibly.org/ A ci da kyau], wiwi * [http://www.rollsafe.org/ RollSafe], MDMA * [https://tripsafe.org/ TripSafe], Psychedelics {{drug use}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hpls0o3cr3ss4r05ybfrd0qkabk7vnk 0 136675 915574 780034 2026-09-03T15:40:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amy Eliza Krauss''' RWA (Janairu 1876 - 26 Disamba 1961) wata 'yar Birtaniya ce da aka sani da zane-zane a cikin mai da launukan ruwa, da kuma na ƙarshe da tukwane . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Potter, Amy Krauss |url=https://completefranceshodgkins.com/objects/28167/the-potter-amy-krauss |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Complete Frances Hodgkins Collection |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309055853/https://completefranceshodgkins.com/objects/28167/the-potter-amy-krauss |url-status=dead }}</ref> An fi saninta da zanen da aka yi a cikin Royal Collection a cikin Queen Mary's Dolls' House a Windsor Castle da kuma abota ta kud da kud da Frances Hodgkins . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Krauss a Bristol ga mahaifin wani Bajamushe Augustus Krauss da mahaifiyar Ingila Alice Eliza Krauss (wacce aka fi sani da Elliott). Ita ce ta biyu a cikin akalla yara 5. Mahaifiyarta ta mutu a shekarun 1880 kuma goggon mahaifiyarta ce ta rene ta. Ta yi yarinta a birnin kafin ta yi karatu a Royal West of England Academy, daga baya aka zabe ta a cikin ƙungiyarsu. Ta kuma kasance ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Clifton Arts Club. Ta yi darussan zane daga Alfred William Rich kuma ta ci gaba da karatun fasaha a Académie Colarossi, Paris daga 1908 zuwa 1913. Yayin da take Paris ta haɗu da yawancin masu fasaha waɗanda suka yi mata tasiri, ciki har da masu launin Scotland Samuel Peploe, John Duncan Fergusson da Leslie Hunter . Haka kuma a Paris ne ta fara haɗuwa da Frances Hodgkins. [1] [2] == Sana'a == Krause ta yi baje kolin kayan tarihi sosai daga 1907 zuwa 1915, ciki har da a Royal Academy, Walker Art Gallery, New English Art Club da kuma Royal Institute of Oil Fenters . Krauss ta koma Bristol a lokacin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai zane a Kamfanin Jiragen Sama na Burtaniya da na Colonial Airplane kuma daga 1915 zuwa 1918 ita ce babbar jami'ar kula da jin daɗin mata. A watan Satumba na 1915 Krauss ta shiga ajin zane na Hodgkins a St Ives a watan Satumba na 1915. Bayan haka, babban abin da ta fi mayar da hankali a kai shi ne aikin tukwane, da farko ta yi aiki a Fishley Holland Pottery, Devon, sannan ta ci gaba da raba situdiyo tare da Sibley Pottery, Sandford, kusa da Wareham, Dorset . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-28 |title=Frances Hodgkins and Her Circle by Jonathan Grant Gallery - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/jonathangrantgalleries/docs/for_jg_-_hodgkins |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Sewter |first=Albert Charles |date=1948 |title=Amy Krauss: Potter and Painter |journal=Apollo, International Magazine of the Arts |issue=422451 |pages=112–114}}</ref> A shekarar 1923 an ba ta aikin zana hoto don Gidan 'Yan Tsana na Sarauniya Mary a Windsor Castle. Aikin da aka yi a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai launi ''Bishiyoyi da Gidajen Kwana'' yana cikin ɗakin karatu na gidan 'yan tsana <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Amy Eliza Krauss (active 1920s) - Trees and cottages |url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/927134/trees-and-cottages |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.rct.uk |language=en}}</ref> tare da ayyukan wasu da suka haɗa da Paul Nash <ref name=":2" /> A wannan shekarar ta sake yin zane tare da Hodgkins a wannan karon a Burford inda ta kafa ƙaramin shago don sayar da ayyukanta. Bayan wannan ya yi nasara a wannan bazarar, ta koma Dorset ta kafa ɗakin studio a cikin wani sito a West Street, Corfe Castle . Gidan Tarihi na Lefevre da ke Landan sun gudanar da babban baje kolin tukwane na farko na Krauss a 1925. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Krauss kuma ta koyar da tukwane kuma ta ba da darussa ga Don Potter kafin ya ɗauki aikin sassaka da tukwane bayan kammala koyarwa a Makarantar Bryanston a 1940. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Potter, Amy Krauss |url=https://completefranceshodgkins.com/objects/28167/the-potter-amy-krauss |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=The Complete Frances Hodgkins Collection |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309055853/https://completefranceshodgkins.com/objects/28167/the-potter-amy-krauss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hodgkins ya kasance mai ziyara akai-akai zuwa Corfe Castle yana zama tare da Krauss a gidanta, Redlane Cottage da Krauss sun raka ta a buɗe baje kolin ta a Landan. A watan Agusta na 1941 ta kula da Hodgkins a can yayin da take murmurewa bayan tiyata. Bayan mutuwar Hodgkins a shekarar 1947, Krauss ta tattara kayan da ke ɗakinta ta kuma shirya a mayar da tokarta zuwa New Zealand. <ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Matattun 1961]] iduesgcoa4cnzop9bp5moceb8mb5mh1 0 140846 915923 811638 2026-09-04T02:28:00Z Atcovi 4473 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:إِنَّا ِلِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ.mp3]] → [[File:Al-Baqarah verse 156.mp3]] Making the file more specific 915923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:إنا_لله_وإنا_إليه_راجعون.jpg|thumb|Maganar da aka rubuta a Larabci]] [[File:Al-Baqarah verse 156.mp3|right|thumb|Karin Istirjāʿ a cikin Alkur'ani 2:156]] [[Fayil:Muslim_Cemetery_Jerusalem_07.jpg|right|thumb|Kabari na Musulmi tare da Ganuwar Gabas na Tsohon Birnin Urushalima tare da kalmar da aka rubuta a kan Dutsen kabarin]] '''''Istirjā'''''{{Efn|{{langx|ar|إِسْتِرْجَاع|}}, {{IPA|ar|is.tir.dʒaːʕ|pron}}, {{lit|recovery}}}} shine sunan kalmar Larabci '''''ʾinnā li-llāhi wa-ʾinnā ʾilayhi rājiʿūn'''''{{Efn|{{langx|ar|إِنَّا لِلَّٰهِ وَإِنَّا إِلَيْهِ رَاجِعُونَ}}, {{IPA|ar|ʔin.naː liɫ.ɫaː.hi wa.ʔin.naː ʔil.aj.hi raː.dʒi.ʕuːn|pron}}, {{lit|Indeed, we belong to Allah, and indeed, to Him we will return}}}}, wanda aka samo a aya ta 156 <ref>{{Cite Quran|2|156}}</ref> na [[Al-Bakara|Babi na biyu]] na [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]].<ref name="EoQ-II" /> . Da yake fassara zuwa "Ga Allah mun kasance kuma ga Shi za mu dawo", yana nuna imanin Islama cewa rayuwa da duk abin da ke akwai na Allah ne, kuma cewa kowane mutum zai koma gare Shi kuma yana aiki a matsayin tunatarwa ga [[Musulmi|Musulmai]] su kasance masu haƙuri da neman ta'aziyya a cikin bangaskiyarsu yayin gwaji kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin aya ta baya. {{Efn|"God tests the people’s belief by giving them either welfare or adversity because he wants to know how they behave in prosperity and in adversity... He imposes hunger, poverty, and the loss of property, lives and crops upon them to test them (q 2:155). Being tried by these afflictions, people should show their belief in God by patient endurance."<ref name="EoQ-V" />}} Sau da yawa ana maimaita shi bayan jin labarin mutuwa amma kuma ana amfani dashi don amsa kowane nau'in bala'i a matsayin alamar yarda da nufin Allah da amincewa da hikimar Allah. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2006 |title=The believers attitude towards calamities |url=https://islamqa.info/en/answers/71236/the-believers-attitude-towards-calamities |website=IslamQA |language=en,ar,es}}</ref>{{Efn|"To express sadness upon hearing bad news about someone known to the person; reacting to news of somebody’s death, when it is always followed by the qur ānic expression innā li-llāhi wa-innā ilayhi rāji ūn... It also conveys a sense of anger or displeasure in certain contexts."<ref name="EoQ-II" />}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-01 |title=When to say: Inna Lilaahi Wa Inna Ilayhi Raaji'oon |url=https://www.islamweb.net/en/article/182969/when-to-say-inna-lilaahi-wa-inna-ilayhi-raajioon |website=Islamweb |language=en}}</ref> An ruwaito cewa Annabi na Musulunci [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]] ya ce lokacin da bala'i ya faru da mai bi kuma sun karanta wannan magana, Allah zai ba su wani abu mafi kyau a madadin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahih Muslim 918b - The Book of Prayer - Funerals - كتاب الجنائز - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم) |url=https://sunnah.com/muslim:918b |access-date=2024-10-20 |website=sunnah.com}}</ref> Maganar tana nuna ka'idar tauhidin da ta fi girma game da wanzuwar ɗan adam ta zama na wucin gadi kuma bayan rayuwa ita ce makoma ta ƙarshe. == Dubi kuma == * [[Shahada]] * [[Basmala]] * Ta'awwudh * Hawqala * Kun faya kun == Bayani == .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman}{{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa ==   * {{Cite journal |last=Ismail |first=Ahmad |last2=Solahuddin |first2=Ahmad |date=31 December 2023 |title=Psychology of patience and semantic approach to the Qur'an: Meaning of Qāla on Istirjā' Verse |journal=Cogent Arts & Humanities |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/23311983.2023.2168342 |doi-access=free}} == Haɗin waje == {{Commons category-inline}}{{Authority control}} qa8lvy4a5tevvy74nt2liba78n8h1ac 0 143717 916061 826183 2026-09-04T11:54:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine ǁHoebes''' 'yar siyasa ce '[[Namibiya|yar ƙasar Namibia]] wacce a yanzu haka take aiki a matsayin babbar mai ba da shawara kan shugaban ƙasa a Fadar Shugabancin Namibia daga watan Mayun 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sun |first=Namibian |last2=Nangolo |first2=Nikanor |date=2025-04-30 |title=President retains ex-minister ǁHoebes as advisor |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/government/president-retains-ex-minister-hoebes-as-advisor2025-04-30 |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Namibian Sun |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi ǁHoebes a Okombahe amma ta girma a Witvlei. Ta yi makaranta a Witvlei, Gobabis da [[Windhoek]], sannan ta kammala Difloma ta Malaman Ilimi na Farko a Kwalejin Ilimi ta Windhoek a shekarar 2001. {{As of|2020}} tana karatun digiri na nesa a [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]] da Jami'ar Namibia. <ref name="opm">{{Cite web |title=Biography Hon Christine ǁHoebes |url=http://www.opm.gov.na/documents/108506/113906/DPM+Profile.pdf/efb439a0-f4c0-4cd1-b285-d510f3193a61 |access-date=19 April 2020 |publisher=Office of the Prime Minister of Namibia |archive-date=27 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927180248/http://www.opm.gov.na/documents/108506/113906/DPM+Profile.pdf/efb439a0-f4c0-4cd1-b285-d510f3193a61 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == ǁHoebes ta shiga siyasa tana da shekaru 23 lokacin da ta zama kansila a Witvlei. An zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar majalisar ƙauyen kuma a lokacin ita ce magajiyar gari mafi ƙaranci a Namibia. <ref name="opm"/> ǁHoebes ta shiga majalisar ministoci a shekarar 2015 a matsayin mataimakiyar ministan harkokin shugaban ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news | title=Deputy ministers announced | newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] | date=20 March 2015 | url=https://www.newera.com.na/2015/03/20/deputy-ministers-announced/ | access-date=19 April 2020 | archive-date=4 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304232957/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/03/20/deputy-ministers-announced/ | url-status=usurped }}</ref> A wani sauye-sauye da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci a watan Fabrairun 2018, an mayar da Hoebes daga harkokin shugaban ƙasa zuwa harkokin ƙasashen waje, kuma an sake mayar da ita mataimakiyar minista.<ref>{{Cite news | title=President reshuffles Cabinet—Vice President relieved of duties | last=Matthys | first=Donald | newspaper=[[Namibia Economist]] | date=8 February 2018 | url=https://economist.com.na/32603/general-news/president-reshuffles-cabinet-vice-president-relieved-of-duties/ | access-date=7 March 2026 | archive-date=14 February 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202802/https://economist.com.na/32603/general-news/president-reshuffles-cabinet-vice-president-relieved-of-duties/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> A ranar 21 ga watan Maris 2020-21 ga watan Maris 2025, an naɗa ta ministar harkokin shugaban ƙasa.<ref>{{cite news | title=Geingob drops Cabinet surprises | last=Nakatana | first=Festus | newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] | date=23 March 2020 | page=1 | url=https://neweralive.na/posts/geingob-drops-cabinet-surprises}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e95tt38jtjv5hqr0j4dvel0dj0rrsmv 0 143725 915927 805001 2026-09-04T03:03:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bernadette Maria Jagger''' (an haife ta a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu 1958) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar [[Namibiya|ƙasar Namibia]]. Ita memba ce a [[SWAPO]] kuma an naɗa ta a Kwamitin Tsakiya na jam'iyyar a shekarar 2012. A shekarar 2015 ta sami kujera a majalisar dokoki. <ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |title=Jagger, Bernadette Maria |url=http://www.parliament.gov.na/index.php/national-assembly/members/voting-members/999-jagger-bernadette-m |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022083711/http://www.parliament.gov.na/index.php/national-assembly/members/voting-members/999-jagger-bernadette-m |archive-date=22 October 2019 |access-date=22 October 2019 |publisher=[[Parliament of Namibia]]}}</ref> A cikin wani sauye-sauye da aka yi wa majalisar ministoci a watan Fabrairu 2018, an naɗa ta Mataimakiyar Ministan Muhalli da Yawon Buɗe Ido, inda ta maye gurbin Tommy Nambahu.<ref>{{Cite news | title=President reshuffles Cabinet—Vice President relieved of duties | last=Matthys | first=Donald | newspaper=[[Namibia Economist]] | date=8 February 2018 | url=https://economist.com.na/32603/general-news/president-reshuffles-cabinet-vice-president-relieved-of-duties/ | access-date=7 March 2026 | archive-date=14 February 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214202802/https://economist.com.na/32603/general-news/president-reshuffles-cabinet-vice-president-relieved-of-duties/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Jagger malamar makaranta ce ta sana'a.<ref name=Parliament/> Tana da takaddun shaida a fannin ilimin firamare na ƙasa da na sama daga [[Sohnge Training College|Kwalejin Horarwa ta Sohnge]] da Jami'ar Namibia, bi da bi, kuma ta tashi daga matsayin malamar makaranta a shekarar 1976, mataimakiyar shugabar makaranta a shekarar 1992, zuwa Daraktar Ilimi na Yankin Kunene a shekarar 2012.<ref name=Parliament/> Jagger ta kuma sami takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Koyar da Harshen Turanci da Gudanarwa daga Jami'ar Warwick, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Falsafa a Ilimi daga Jami'ar Exeter. <ref name="Parliament"/> Jagger babbar kansila ce ta al'ummar ''Riemvasmakers'', dangin [[mutanen Nama]].<ref>{{Cite news | title=Riemvasmakers defend settlement | last=Miyanicwe | first=Clemans | newspaper=[[The Namibian]] | date=20 October 2019 | page=6 | url=https://www.namibian.com.na/84586/read/Riemvasmakers-defend-settlement | access-date=23 October 2019 | archive-date=23 October 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023082601/https://www.namibian.com.na/84586/read/Riemvasmakers-defend-settlement | url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] beusjeo0jntvf8l1ljs65ltwagb0afi 0 144599 916021 898132 2026-09-04T09:34:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Catherine J. Price''' Masanin kimiyyar kwakwalwa ce ta Burtaniya kuma masanin kimiyya. Ita Farfesa ce a fannin kimiyyar kwakwalwa kuma darakta a Cibiyar Amincewa ta Wellcome don Neuroimaging a Kwalejin Jami'ar London . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Cathy Price |url=https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/Price/ |website=Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging |publisher=University College London}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Catherine Price {{!}} Royal Society |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/Catherine-Price-25287/ |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=royalsociety.org |language=en-gb}}</ref> Babban burinta na bincike shine samar da samfurin tushen jijiyoyin [[Harshe (yare)|harshe]] <ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Price CJ |date=October 2000 |title=The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging |journal=Journal of Anatomy |volume=197 |issue=3 |pages=335–59 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19730335.x |pmc=1468137 |pmid=11117622}}</ref> wanda ke hasashen da kuma bayyana matsalolin magana da harshe da kuma murmurewar su bayan lalacewar kwakwalwa (stroke ko neurosurgery). <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCL Language Research Team |url=https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/team/language-team/ |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Wellcome Trust}}</ref> == Ilimi == Farashin ta sami digiri na farko a shekarar 1984, kuma ta PhD a shekarar 1990, duka daga Kwalejin Birkbeck.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof Cathy Price |url=https://iris.ucl.ac.uk/iris/browse/profile?upi=CJPRI95 |website=UCL IRIS}}</ref> Farfesa Kia Nobre, wanda ya zabi Farashi don lambar yabo ta 5th Suffrage don Kimiyya ta Rayuwa, ya ce: "Ta yi fure ta hanyar rami na duniya mai ban sha'awa tare da kalmomi masu tausayi, ayyukan karimci, sadaukarwar kimiyya da tsauraran ra'ayi, fassarar gaskiya na bincike zuwa amfanin asibiti, da jin dadi. "<ref>{{Cite web |last=UCL |date=2018-06-07 |title=Leading UCL neuroscientist honoured for brain imaging research |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2018/jun/leading-ucl-neuroscientist-honoured-brain-imaging-research |access-date=2020-08-16 |website=UCL News |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925043740/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/2018/jun/leading-ucl-neuroscientist-honoured-brain-imaging-research |url-status=dead }}</ref> Farashin da farko an horar da shi a matsayin masanin ilimin kwakwalwa wanda ke nazarin karatu da ganewar abu a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da lalacewar kwakwalwa. A shekara ta 1991, ta shiga kwamitin binciken likitanci (MRC) na cyclotron a farkon taswirar kwakwalwar mutum kuma ta yi amfani da binciken PET don samar da sabon fahimta game da aikin jikin karatu, fahimtar magana, samar da magana da ma'ana. == Bincike da aiki == A cikin 1995, Price ya koma Kwalejin Jami'ar London ta amfani da MRI scanning don nuna yadda ƙwarewar harshe da IQ ke nunawa a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa. Misali, ta hanyar hada bayanai na tsari da na aiki daga mahalarta masu lafiya, Farashin ya nuna tasirin da ilmantarwa ke da shi akan tsarin kwakwalwa. An kwatanta wannan a cikin jerin takardun yanayi 3 waɗanda ke taswirar canje-canjen kwakwalwa da ke da alaƙa da (i) koyon yare na biyu, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mechelli |first=A. |last2=Crinion |first2=J. |last3=Noppeney |first3=U. |last4=O'Doherty |first4=John |last5=Ashburner |first5=John |last6=Frackowiak |first6=Richard S. |last7=Price |first7=Cathy J. |display-authors=3 |year=2004 |title=Structural plasticity in the bilingual brain |journal=Nature |volume=431 |issue=7010 |page=757 |doi=10.1038/431757a |pmid=15483594 |s2cid=4338340 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> (ii) koyon karatu a cikin balaga <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carreiras |last2=Seghier |first2=M. |last3=Baquero |first3=S. |last4=Estévez |first4=Adelina |last5=Lozano |first5=Alfonso |last6=Devlin |first6=Joseph T. |last7=Price |first7=Cathy J. |display-authors=3 |year=2009 |title=An anatomical signature for literacy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-10-15_461_7266/page/983 |journal=Nature |volume=461 |issue=7266 |pages=983–986 |bibcode=2009Natur.461..983C |doi=10.1038/nature08461 |pmid=19829380 |s2cid=205218359}}</ref> da (iii) canje-canje na halitta a cikin IQ na magana da ba na magana ba a cikin kwakwalwar matasa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ramsden |first=S. |last2=Richardson |first2=F. |last3=Josse |first3=G. |last4=Thomas |first4=Michael S.C. |last5=Ellis |first5=Caroline |last6=Shakeshaft |first6=Clare |last7=Seghier |first7=Mohamed L. |last8=Price |first8=Cathy J. |display-authors=3 |year=2011 |title=Verbal and non-verbal intelligence changes in the teenage brain |journal=Nature |volume=479 |issue=7371 |pages=113–116 |bibcode=2011Natur.479..113R |doi=10.1038/nature10514 |pmc=3672949 |pmid=22012265}}</ref> Farashin ya yi ikirarin ra'ayi guda biyu. Sabanin ra'ayoyin gargajiya, ka'idar ta "cognitive ontologies" <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=Cathy J. |last2=Friston |first2=Karl J. |date=2005 |title=Functional ontologies for cognition: The systematic definition of structure and function |journal=Cognitive Neuropsychology |volume=22 |issue=3–4 |pages=262–275 |doi=10.1080/02643290442000095 |pmid=21038249 |s2cid=1735090}}</ref> ta yi iƙirarin cewa babu wani sassan kwakwalwar ɗan adam da aka keɓe don sarrafa harshe. Maimakon haka, ƙwarewa ga kowane nau'in sarrafa harshe yana fitowa ta hanyar magana tsakanin haɗuwa ta musamman na yankuna waɗanda kowannensu ke da hannu a wasu ayyukan da ba na harshe ba. Sake bayyana abubuwan aiki na harshe, dangane da tsarin jijiyoyin da ke tattare da su, Farashin ya ba mu damar samar da samfuran fahimta waɗanda suke da amfani da ilimin lissafi da kuma amfani da asibiti.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=C.J. |date=2018 |title=The evolution of cognitive models: From neuropsychology to neuroimaging and back. |journal=Cortex |volume=107 |pages=37–49 |doi=10.1016/j.cortex.2017.12.020 |pmc=5924872 |pmid=29373117}}</ref> Ka'idar ta ta "rashin hankali" ta yi iƙirarin cewa ana iya tallafawa aikin harshe iri ɗaya ta hanyoyi daban-daban na jijiyoyi, kuma fahimtar lokacin da kuma dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da hanyoyi daban-ара na jijiyoyi yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar yadda marasa lafiya ke dawo da harshe bayan lalacewar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Price |first=C.J. |last2=Friston |first2=Karl J. |date=2002 |title=Degeneracy and cognitive anatomy. |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=P416-421 |doi=10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01976-9 |pmid=12413574 |s2cid=12073657}}</ref> Tun daga shekara ta 2012, Price ta mayar da hankalinta ga haɓaka kayan aiki don hango hasashen sakamakon harshe da murmurewa bayan bugun jini (bincike na PLORAS). [1] Don wannan dalili, tana ƙirƙirar bayanan da ke ba da sauƙin samun dama ga tushen bayanai da yawa (halayyar, yawan jama'a, tsarin kwakwalwa da aiki) daga dubban waɗanda suka tsira daga bugun jini. Tsinkaya ga sababbin marasa lafiya sun dogara ne akan yadda aka lura da wasu da ke da irin wannan lalacewar kwakwalwa da yawan jama'a don murmurewa daga alamun iri ɗaya. Ana iya amfani da wannan bayanan, da ka'idar lalacewar fahimta, don bayyana farfadowa dangane da matakin da marasa lafiya suka adana hanyoyin jijiyoyin da ake buƙata don samar da magana da harshe (Seghier da Price, 2018). [2] A watan Maris na 2020, h-index dinta ya kai 86 daga jimlar takardu 322, tare da fiye da 24,000 citations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cathy J. Price |url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/Cathy-J.-Price/143953636 |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Semantic Scholar}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da girmamawa == * Ɗaliban Minnie Mitchel Goodall (1989) <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |title=Prof. Catherine Price |url=https://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-catherine-price/1216966 |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=AcademiaNet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Babban Binciken Bincike na Wellcome Trust (1997) <ref name="WellcomeTrust" /> * Kungiyar don Kwararrun Mutum Taswirar Farko na Bincike (2001). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Early Career Investigator Award 2001: Cathy Price |url=https://www.humanbrainmapping.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageID=3319&activateFull=true |website=Organization for Human Brain Mapping}}</ref> * Kyautar Zaɓin Edita na Zuciya (2006) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Brain Mapping |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/10970193/homepage/editorschoice.html |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Wiley Online Library |doi=10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0193}}</ref> * Kyautar Justine da Yves Sergent (2008) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Justine & Yves Sergent Fund |url=https://justine-yves-sergent.org/en/awardees/ |access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> * Kyautar Gidauniyar Ipsen Neuropsychology (2012) <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2012-12-03 |title=The 21st Jean-Louis Signoret Neuropsychology Prize of the Fondation Ipsen has been awarded to Cathy Price (University College London, London, UK) |url=https://www.ipsen.com/press-releases/the-21th-jean-louis-signoret-neuropsychology-prize-of-the-fondation-ipsen-has-been-awarded-to-cathy-price-university-college-london-london-uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018144931/https://www.ipsen.com/press-releases/the-21th-jean-louis-signoret-neuropsychology-prize-of-the-fondation-ipsen-has-been-awarded-to-cathy-price-university-college-london-london-uk/ |archive-date=18 October 2019 |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Ipsen}}</ref> * Wellcome Trust Babban Binciken Bincike (2012) <ref name="WellcomeTrust">{{Cite web |title=Funded People and Projects - Grant Funding |url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/grant-funding/funded-people-and-projects |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Wellcome Trust |format=xls}}</ref> * Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya (FMedSci) (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences 2014: Cathy Price |url=https://acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/fellow/Professor-Catherine-Price-0009186 |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Academy of Medical Sciences}}</ref> * Wellcome Trust Babban Binciken Bincike (2017 <ref name="Wellcome Trust">{{Cite web |title=Explaining Language Outcome and Recovery After Stroke (ELORAS) |url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/grant-funding/people-and-projects/grants-awarded/explaining-language-outcome-recovery-after-stroke |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=Wellcome Trust}}</ref> * Kyautar Zaɓe ta 5 don Kimiyya ta Rayuwa (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2018 |title=Leading female scientists awarded Suffrage Science heirlooms |url=https://lms.mrc.ac.uk/suffrage-science-life-sciences-2018/ |access-date=2020-03-19 |website=London Institute of Medical Sciences}}</ref> * Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) (2020) <ref name=":0"/> * Fellow na Kwalejin Burtaniya (FBA) (2022) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=Record number of women elected to the British Academy |url=https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/news/record-number-of-women-elected-to-the-british-academy/ |access-date=15 August 2022 |website=The British Academy |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dtmt09jj230pkqpw92q25zvda4rfgd0 0 144985 915774 899617 2026-09-03T20:50:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:TAYS_päsisäänkäynti.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Shigar da [[Tampere]]Asibitin (TAS) a Tampere, Finland]] [[asibiti]] koyarwa ko '''Asibitin jami'a''' asibiti ne ko cibiyar kiwon lafiya wanda ke ba da ilimin likita da horo ga masu sana'a na gaba da na yanzu. Asibitocin koyarwa kusan koyaushe suna da alaƙa da jami'a ɗaya ko fiye kuma galibi suna tare da makarantun likita.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Teaching hospital |url=https://www.mottchildren.org/about-us/teaching-hospital#:~:text=A%20teaching%20hospital%2C%20or%20academic,care%20through%20learning%20and%20research. |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=Mott Childrens}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Jersey Health System |url=https://www.rwjbh.org/for-health-care-professionals/medical-education/what-is-a-teaching-hospital-/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=RWJBarnabas Health |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=_EducationMaterialsFrame |url=https://www.childrensmn.org/educationmaterials/parents/article/11620/whats-a-teaching-hospital/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Children's Minnesota |language=en-US}}</ref> Asibitocin koyarwa suna amfani da Shirin zama DO ilimantar da ƙwararrun likitoci, Likitocin ƙafa, likitoci na haƙori, da likitocin da ke karɓar horo bayan sun sami digiri na MD, DO, DPM, DDS, DMD, [[Doctor of Pharmacy|PharmD]], BDS, BDent, MBBS, MBChB, ko BMed. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our role and the Medical Act 1983 |url=http://www.gmc-uk.org/about/legislation/medical_act.asp#2}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2025 |title=Career Development |url=http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/becoming-physician/frequently-asked-questions.page?}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Advance Education Program Options and Descriptions |url=https://www.ada.org/en/education-careers/dental-student-resources/career-options-after-dental-school/understanding-advanced-dental-education/program-options-and-descriptions |website=www.ada.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hospital dentistry |url=https://bda.org/students/careers-education/spheres/hospital-dentistry |website=bda.org |access-date=2026-03-12 |archive-date=2018-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142219/https://bda.org/students/careers-education/spheres/hospital-dentistry |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of PHYSICIAN |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physician |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> Wadanda ke halartar asibiti na koyarwa ko asibiti suna aiki da magani a karkashin kulawar kai tsaye ko a kaikaice na babban likitan likita da aka yi rajista a wannan sana'a, kamar likitan da ke halarta ko mai ba da shawara. Manufar waɗannan shirye-shiryen zama shine ƙirƙirar yanayi inda sabbin likitoci zasu iya koyon yin aikin likita a cikin wani wuri mai aminci wanda likitoci ke kula da su waɗanda ke ba da kulawa da ilimi. == Tarihi == Asibitin koyarwa na farko inda aka ba da izinin dalibai su yi aiki a kan marasa lafiya a ƙarƙashin kulawar likitoci an ruwaito shi ne Kwalejin Gundishapur a [[Daular Achaemenid|Daular Farisa]] a zamanin [[Daular Sasanian|Sassanid]]. Wasu daga cikin asibitocin koyarwa na farko sune Bimaristans na Islama, wanda ya haɗa da Asibitin Al-Adudi da aka kafa a Bagadaza a cikin 981 da Asibitan Al-Fustat a Alkahira da aka kafa na 872.<ref name="Syed">{{Cite web |last=Syed |first=Ibrahim B. |title=Islamic Hospital |url=http://www.irfi.org/articles/articles_1_50/islamic_hospital.htm |access-date=2018-04-16 |website=www.irfi.org}}</ref>   Ana amfani da ma'anar da ke biyowa dangane da asibitocin koyarwa: <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 21, 2020 |title=Attending Physician Vs. Intern Vs. Resident—What's The Difference? |url=https://uhphawaii.org/index.php/attending-physician-vs-intern-vs-resident-whats-the-difference/ |access-date=February 6, 2021 |website=UHP Hawaii}}</ref> * Dalibi na likita - Mutumin da ya shiga cikin shirin digiri na likita a makarantar likita. A cikin tsarin ilimin likitanci da aka yi amfani da shi a Amurka, ɗaliban likitanci dole ne su fara kammala digiri na farko daga jami'a ko kwaleji kafin a yarda da su zuwa makarantar likita. A cikin tsarin karatun digiri na al'ada da aka yi amfani da shi a ƙasashe kamar Ingila ko Ostiraliya, magani digiri ne na jami'a wanda ɗalibai ke shiga kai tsaye daga makarantar sakandare. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an karɓi tsarin digiri na biyu a Burtaniya da Ostiraliya, ba tare da maye gurbin tsarin karatun digiri na gargajiya ba - duka shirye-shiryen shigar da digiri da shirye-shirye na shiga digiri na biyu suna tare. (A tarihi, tsarin karatun digiri ya kasance a Amurka, amma an watsar da shi a tsakiyar karni na 19). * Mataimakin likita - Kwararrun likitoci waɗanda suka kammala horo a matakin masanin. Ana horar da su don yin aikin likita tare da likitoci a matakin yawan jama'a wanda ke ba su damar yin aiki a fannoni daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is a PA? Learn more about the PA profession |url=https://www.aapa.org/what-is-a-pa/ |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=AAPA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ba a samun wannan sana'a a al'ada a yawancin ƙasashe a waje da Arewacin Amurka, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an yi ƙoƙari don kafa shi a wasu daga cikinsu, tare da samun nasara. * Intern - Mutumin da ke da digiri na likita daga makarantar likitanci, ko kuma Bachelor of Medicine / Bachelor of Surgery (a cikin tsarin karatun digiri na Burtaniya), wanda kawai ke aiki tare da jagora da kulawar likita / mai ba da shawara. * Residency ko shirin digiri - A Amurka da Kanada, mutanen da suka kammala shekarar farko ta aikin likita. Gidaje na iya kasancewa a ko'ina daga shekaru biyu zuwa bakwai, dangane da ƙwarewar. A mafi yawan ƙasashen Commonwealth, rawar ƙwararren mai rajista kusan daidai ne. * Masanin rajista - A cikin tsarin Burtaniya, likita wanda ke karɓar horo mai zurfi a cikin ƙwarewar likita a asibiti; bayan shekaru huɗu zuwa shida a matsayin ƙwararren mai rajista, likita na iya yin haɗin gwiwa bayan horo, kafin ya zama mai ba da shawara. * likita mai halarta - A Amurka da Kanada, likitan mai halarta (wanda aka fi sani da mai halarta, mai fassara, ko likitan ma'aikata) likita ne (M.D. ko DO) wanda ya kammala zama kuma ya yi aikin likita a asibiti ko [[asibiti]], a cikin ƙwarewar da aka koya yayin zama. Likita mai halarta yawanci yana kula da abokai, mazauna, ɗaliban likita, da sauran masu aiki. Likitoci masu halarta na iya kula da farfesa a makarantar likita mai alaƙa. * Mai ba da shawara - Ma'anar daidai da "mai halartar likita" a yawancin ƙasashen Commonwealth (sai dai Kanada). * Fellowship (magunguna) - Lokaci na horo na likita a Amurka da Kanada, wanda likita, likitan hakora, ko Likitan dabbobi zasu iya gudanarwa bayan kammala Shirin horo na musamman (mazaunin) . A wannan lokacin (yawanci sama da shekara guda), an san likitan a matsayin ''ɗan'uwa''. Fellows suna iya aiki a matsayin likita mai halarta ko likita mai ba da shawara a fagen kwararru wanda aka horar da su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Internal Medicine Fellowship Directory |url=http://www.sgim.org/index.cfm?pageId=593 |access-date=February 7, 2021 |website=[[Society of General Internal Medicine|Society of General Internal Medicine (SGIM)]]}}</ref> * Babban zagaye - Hanyar ilimin likita da kula da marasa lafiya, wanda ya kunshi gabatar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da maganin wani mai haƙuri ga masu sauraro da suka hada da likitoci, likitoci. Likitoci ne suka fara tunanin shi a matsayin hanyar da ƙananan abokan aiki za su yi a kan marasa lafiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stites |first=Shana D. |last2=Warholic |first2=Christina L. |date=2014 |title=Multicultural Grand Rounds: Competency-Based Training Model for Clinical Psychology Graduate Students |journal=Psychology Learning & Teaching |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=261–269 |citeseerx=10.1.1.1031.9151 |doi=10.2304/plat.2014.13.3.261 |s2cid=147487820}}</ref> * Asibitin koyarwa - Asibitin ilmantarwa asibitin waje ne wanda ke ba da kulawar kiwon lafiya ga marasa lafiya, sabanin marasa lafiya, waɗanda aka kula da su a asibiti. Cibiyoyin koyarwa a al'ada ana gudanar da su ta hanyar wuraren ilimi kuma suna ba da sabis na kyauta ko mai arha ga marasa lafiya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dowling S |year=1979 |title=The teaching clinic: a supervisory alternative. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-speech-language-hearing-association-asha_1979-09_21_9/page/646 |journal=ASHA |volume=21 |issue=9 |pages=646–9 |pmid=391248}}</ref> * Ilimin jinya - Wasu asibitocin koyarwa suna haɗin gwiwa tare da cibiyoyin ilimin jinya don samar da ilimi a asibiti, ilimi mai amfani ga ma'aikatan jinya, duka masu digiri da digiri.<ref name=":0"/> == Bincike == Yawancin asibitocin koyarwa da Cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya an san su da binciken kiwon lafiya da ake yi a asibitocinsu. Haɗin kai tare da kwalejojin likita da jami'o'i yana inganta shirye-shiryen bincike a asibitocin koyarwa. Wasu daga cikin sanannun asibitocin koyarwa sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2020 |title=Newsweek's 10 best hospitals in the world |url=https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/rankings-and-ratings/newsweek-s-10-best-hospitals-in-the-world.html |access-date=February 9, 2021 |website=Beckers Hospital Review}}</ref> * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Cedars-Sinai a [[Los Angeles]], California, Amurka * Ayyukan sadaka a [[Berlin]], Jamus * [[Cleveland]]_Clinic"" title="Cleveland Clinic">Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Cleveland a Cleveland, Ohio, Amurka * "Dhaka Medical College Hospital">Asibitin Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya na Dhaka a Dhaka, Bangladesh * Asibitin Froedtert da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Wisconsin a cikin Milwaukee County, Amurka * Asibitin Johns Hopkins a Baltimore, Maryland, Amurka * Babban Asibitin Massachusetts a [[Boston]], Massachusetts, Amurka * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mayo a Rochester, Minnesota, Amurka * Tsarin Kiwon Lafiya na Jami'ar NorthShore a Northbrook, Illinois, Amurka * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Ronald Reagan UCLA a [[Los Angeles]], California, Amurka * Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Sheba a Ramat Gan, Isra'ila * Babban Asibitin Singapore a Bukit Merah, Singapore * [[Toronto]]_General_Hospital "Toronto General Hospital">Babban Asibitin Toronto a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada * Asibitin Jami'ar Alberta a [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Kanada * Asibitin Jami'ar Zürich a Zurich, Switzerland * UPMC Presbyterian a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Amurka === Afirka === [[Fayil:Mustapha_Pasha_hospital_entrance.jpg|thumb|CHU Mustapha Pacha a [[Aljeriya]]]] Ma'aikatar Lafiya, Jama'a da Gyaran Asibitoci ta Aljeriya tana kula da cibiyoyin asibitocin koyar da jami'o'i 15 (Faransanci: Cibiyar Hospitalo-Universitaire ko '''CHU''') tare da gadaje 13,755 da asibitin jami'a guda ɗaya (EHU) tare da gadoji 773.<ref name="Ministry">{{Cite web |title=State Public Health Establishments |url=http://www.sante.gov.dz/direction-generale-des-services-de-sante/303-etat-des-etablissements-de-sante.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116215521/http://www.sante.gov.dz/direction-generale-des-services-de-sante/303-etat-des-etablissements-de-sante.html |archive-date=January 16, 2021 |access-date=February 2, 2021 |website=Ministry of Health, Population, and Hospital Reform}}</ref> Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital ya zama asibitin koyarwa a cikin shekarun 1990, kuma yana ba da digiri na MBBS na shekaru 6.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kretzschmar |first=I. |last2=Nyan |first2=O. |last3=Mendy |first3=A. M. |last4=Janneh |first4=B. |year=2012 |title=Mental health in the Republic of the Gambia |journal=International Psychiatry |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=38–40 |doi=10.1192/S1749367600003076 |pmc=6735051 |pmid=31508116}}</ref> ==== Afirka ta Kudu ==== Asibitin Chris Hani Baragwanath asibiti ne na koyarwa wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Witwatersrand, kuma ita ce asibiti ta uku mafi girma a duniya. Wani asibitin ilimi, Asibitin Groote Schuur na [[Jami'ar Cape Town]], shine shafin farko na mutum zuwa mutum. === Asiya === [[Fayil:Agha_Khan_Hospital_Karachi_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Asibitin Jami'ar Aga Khan, [[Karachi]], Pakistan]] Asibitin Jami'ar Aga Khan (Abitin Aga Khan da Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya) asibitin koyarwa ne mai gado 721 wanda ke horar da likitoci da masu gudanar da asibiti tare da tallafi daga jami'o'in Amurka da Kanada. Har ila yau, asibitin yana daidaita cibiyar sadarwa ta fiye da 100 na kiwon lafiya da farko a yankunan karkara ko yankuna masu nisa.<ref name="AgaKhanPaki.NYT81" /> ==== Faransa ==== [[Fayil:Hôtel-Dieu_from_Tour_Saint-Jacques.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Jami'ar Hôtel-Dieu, [[Faris|Paris]]]] A Faransa, ana kiran asibitocin koyarwa "CHU" (Centre hospitalier universitaire). Su asibitoci ne na yanki tare da yarjejeniya tare da jami'o'i ɗaya ko da yawa. Wasu daga cikin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya duka likitoci ne da malamai a karkashin yarjejeniyar cibiyoyi da yawa, kuma suna karɓar diyya biyu. Akwai akalla daya a kowane yankin gudanarwa na Faransa. A cikin birnin Paris da kewayenta, yankin Greater Paris, tsarin asibitin jama'a na gida, wanda ake kira Babban Asibitocin Jami'ar Paris (a Faransanci: Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, AP-HP), yana da yarjejeniya tare da manyan jami'o'i 5 a Paris. Koyaya, an raba shi zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na asibitoci da jami'o'i: * Paris Cité University Hospital Group, mafi girman asibitin jami'a (GHU) na Greater Paris, tare da asibitoci 16 na koyarwa. ** Ya haɗa da Asibitin Bichat, Asibitin Hôtel-Dieu, da sauransu. * Kungiyar Asibitin Jami'ar Sorbonne, asibitin jami'a na biyu mafi girma tare da asibitoci 7 na koyarwa. ** Ya haɗa da Asibitin Pitié-Salpêtrière, Asibitin Saint-Antoine, da sauransu. * Kungiyar Asibitin Jami'ar Saclay (6 asibitocin koyarwa) ** Ya haɗa da Asibitin Bicêtre, Asibitin Ambroise-Paré, da sauransu. * Asibitocin Jami'ar Henri Mondor, wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Paris-East Créteil, tare da asibitoci 5 na koyarwa. * Asibitocin Jami'ar Paris Seine-Saint-Denis, wanda ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Sorbonne Paris ta Arewa, tare da asibitoci 3 na koyarwa. Akwai asibitoci 32 na koyarwa a Faransa. Daga cikin wadannan akwai asibitocin jami'a 30 da asibitoci biyu na koyarwa na yanki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christian Guy-Coichard |last2=Gabriel Perraud |last3=Anne Chailleu |last4=Véronique Gaillac |last5=Paul Scheffer |last6=Barbara Mintzes |date=November 1, 2019 |title=Inadequate conflict of interest policies at most French teaching hospitals: A survey and website analysis |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=14 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1424193G |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0224193 |pmc=6824557 |pmid=31675383 |s2cid=207833754 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Arewacin Amurka === [[Fayil:Aerial-Picture-of-Jackson-e1445995779731.jpg|thumb|Asibitin Jackson Memorial a Gundumar Lafiya ta Miami, asibitin koyarwa na farko na Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Miller ta Jami'ar Miami kuma asibiti mafi girma a Amurka tare da gadaje 1,547 ]] ==== Amurka ====   Asibitin koyarwa na farko a Amurka an kafa shi ne a Kwalejin Philadelphia (yanzu Jami'ar Pennsylvania) a cikin 1765, lokacin da daliban likita a kwalejin suka fara karbar koyarwa a Asibitin Pennsylvania (ma'aikata da ta riga makarantar likita da shekaru da yawa). Bayan haka akwai Kwalejin King ta New York a cikin 1768, [[Jami'ar Harvard]] a cikin 1783, Kwalejin Dartmouth a cikin 1798, da Jami'ar Yale a cikin 1810 don fara tarihin sanannun asibitocin koyarwa da ke da alaƙa da jami'a a Amurka.<ref name="JNMA">{{Cite journal |last=Burbridge |first=Charles E. |date=May 1957 |title=The Historical Background of the Teaching Hospital in the United States |journal=Journal of the National Medical Association |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=176–179 |issn=0027-9684 |pmc=2641043 |pmid=13429346}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ludmerer |first=Kenneth M. |date=October 1983 |title=The Rise of the Teaching Hospital in America |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-the-history-of-medicine-and-allied-sciences_1983-10_38_4/page/389 |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=389–414 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/38.4.389 |pmid=6358338}}</ref> Asibitocin koyarwa sun yi yawa a Amurka tun daga farkon shekarun 1900, galibi suna kama da tsarin da Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, Jami'ar Pennsylvania da Asibitin Lakeside da ke Cleveland suka kafa. Dukansu manyan mutane ne, masu fasaha kuma an yi nufin su yi tasiri a duniya ta hanyar kula da marasa lafiya da binciken kimiyya. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan asibitoci suna da manyan asibitoci, wadatattun albarkatun kuɗi, da shahararrun likitoci, masu ba da shawara da ma'aikata. Yawancin waɗannan makarantun likitanci da ke da alaƙa da asibiti da ke kusa cibiyoyi ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda suka sami tallafin agaji..<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ludmerer |first=Kenneth M. |date=1983-10-01 |title=The Rise of the Teaching Hospital in America |url=https://academic.oup.com/jhmas/article/38/4/389/798826 |journal=Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=389–414 |doi=10.1093/jhmas/38.4.389 |issn=0022-5045 |pmid=6358338 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Duk da cewa wasu kuɗaɗen tallafi suna fitowa ne daga Medicaid don tsarin GME, asibitocin koyarwa dole ne su yi la'akari da biyan mazauna da abokan aiki a cikin kasafin kuɗinsu. Waɗannan ƙarin kuɗaɗen sun bambanta tsakanin asibitoci bisa ga kuɗaɗen Medicaid da albashinsu na gabaɗaya ga mazauna da abokan aiki. Duk da waɗannan kuɗaɗen, sau da yawa farashin hanyoyin aiki yana raguwa, wanda aka haɓaka idan aka kwatanta da yawancin asibitocin da ba na koyarwa ba. Asibitocin koyarwa sau da yawa suna ba da hujjar wannan ƙarin kuɗin ta hanyar alfahari da cewa ingancin kulawarsu ya fi asibitocin da ba na koyarwa ba, ko kuma tabbatar wa majiyyaci cewa suna inganta maganin gaba ta hanyar sanya aikinsu tare da ɗaliban likita a wurin..<ref name="Ayanian2002">{{Cite journal |last=Ayanian |first=John Z |last2=Weissman |first2=Joel S |date=September 2002 |title=Teaching Hospitals and Quality of Care: A Review of the Literature |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=569–593 |doi=10.1111/1468-0009.00023 |issn=0887-378X |pmc=2690120 |pmid=12233250}}</ref> === Oceania === ==== Ostiraliya ==== A cewar Mujallar Likitanci ta Ostiraliya, asibitocin koyarwa na Ostiraliya galibi suna samun ƙarancin kuɗaɗen bincike fiye da yadda suke samu a ƙasashe masu irin wannan yanayi. A ƙarshen shekarun 1800 da farkon shekarun 1900, an yi yunƙurin kafa asibitin koyarwa da za a haɗa shi da makarantar likitanci, amma shirye-shiryen sun gaza har zuwa shekarar 1928, lokacin da Asibitin Royal Prince Alfred ya zama asibitin koyarwa na farko a Ostiraliya, don ilmantar da ɗaliban Jami'ar Sydney.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Penington |first=David G. |date=15 September 2008 |title=Rediscovering university teaching hospitals for Australia |url=https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2008/189/6/rediscovering-university-teaching-hospitals-australia |journal=The Medical Journal of Australia |language=en |volume=189 |issue=6 |pages=332–335 |doi=10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb02054.x |pmid=18803539 |s2cid=874788 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin asibitocin jami'a * Tarihin asibitoci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin karantawa == * {{Cite journal |last=Modanlou, H D |date=January 13, 2011 |title=Historical evidence for the origin of teaching hospital, medical school and the rise of academic medicine |journal=Journal of Perinatology |volume=31 |issue=4 |pages=236–239 |doi=10.1038/jp.2010.162 |pmid=21233794 |s2cid=24701906 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Thomson, Arthur |date=September 10, 1960 |title=History And Development Of Teaching Hospitals In England |url= |journal=The British Medical Journal |volume=2 |pages=749–751 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5201.749 |jstor=20350438 |pmc=2098046 |pmid=13838143}} *   * {{Cite journal |last=Laura G. Burke |last2=Austin B. Frakt |last3=Dhruv Khullar |last4=E. John Orav |last5=Ashish K. Jha |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Association Between Teaching Status and Mortality in US Hospitals |journal=JAMA |volume=317 |pages=2105–2113 |doi=10.1001/jama.2017.5702 |pmc=5815039 |pmid=28535236}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8prz22mrdaep1yv7z5pg6py8nbprdsi 0 145057 915940 839270 2026-09-04T05:34:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bolaji Olaitan Agbede''' ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciyar banki ce kuma babbar jami'a a Najeriya, wacce ita ce mukaddashin darakta kuma babbar jami'ar gudanarwa ta ƙungiyar [[Ƙungiyan Bankuna na Access|Access Holdings]] tun daga ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 2024, bayan rasuwar Herbert Wigwe . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Access Holdings Names Bolaji Agbede As Acting CEO |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/access-holdings-names-bolaji-agbede-as-acting-ceo/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Nigeria's Access Bank appoints Bolaji Agbede after death of CEO |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/13/nigerias-access-bank-appoints-bolaji-agbede-after-death-of-ceo// |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Africanews.com |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627135703/https://www.africanews.com/2024/02/13/nigerias-access-bank-appoints-bolaji-agbede-after-death-of-ceo// |url-status=dead }}</ref> A lokacin da aka naɗa ta a matsayin mukaddashin shugaba, Ita ce babbar darakta mafi girma a kamfanin, mai alhakin tallafawa kasuwanci. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |date=February 2024 |title=10 Things To Know About Ms. Bolaji Agbede, Herbert Wigwe's Successor At Access Holdings |url=https://leadership.ng/10-things-to-know-about-ms-bolaji-agbede-herbert-wigwes-successor-at-access-holdings/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Nigeria]]}}</ref> == Bayani da ilimi == Ita 'yar Najeriya ce. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a [[Lissafi|fannin lissafi]] da kididdiga a shekarar 1990 daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga [[Jami'ar Cranfield]] a shekarar 2002. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Adetutu Sobowale |date=13 February 2024 |title=Bolaji Agbede: Things To Know About Wigwe's Successor |url=https://punchng.com/bolaji-agbede-things-to-know-about-wigwes-successor/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Ita memba ce mai daraja a Cibiyar Gudanar da Ma'aikata ta Burtaniya da kuma Cibiyar Gudanar da Ma'aikata ta Najeriya . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Bayo Wahab |date=13 February 2024 |title=7 things to know about Bolaji Agbede appointed to succeed Herbert Wigwe |url=https://www.pulse.ng/business/domestic/7-things-to-know-about-bolaji-agbede-appointed-to-succeed-herbert-wigwe/s4hdkk0 |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421092043/https://www.pulse.ng/business/domestic/7-things-to-know-about-bolaji-agbede-appointed-to-succeed-herbert-wigwe/s4hdkk0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == Tun daga watan Maris na shekarar 2024, aikinta ya kai fiye da shekaru 27, tare da gogewa a harkokin banki, kula da dangantakar abokan ciniki, da kuma kula da albarkatun ɗan adam. <ref name="ExpR">{{Cite web |last=Bunmi Aduloju |date=24 March 2024 |title=Profile: Bolaji Agbede, Adaora Umeoji…: Female CEOs Leading Nigerian Banks |url=https://www.thecable.ng/profile-bolaji-agbede-adaora-umeoji-female-ceos-leading-nigerian-banks/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> Agbede ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru tare da [[Bankin Guaranty Trust|Guaranty Trust Bank]] a shekarar 1992 kuma ta kai matsayin Manaja a shekarar 2001. A shekarar 2003, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba na JKG Limited, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin kasuwanci. <ref name="ExpR" /> Ta shiga [[Bankin Access|Access Bank Plc]] a shekarar 2003 a matsayin Mataimakiyar Manaja Janar kuma ta zama Daraktan Albarkatun Ɗan Adam na Rukunin a shekarar 2010, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa shekarar 2022. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Bolaji Agbede: Here Are 7 Facts About The Woman Who Will lead Access Bank |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/bolaji-agbede-here-are-7-facts-about-the-woman-who-will-lead-access-bank/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an naɗa ta a matsayin babbar darakta ta farko ta kamfanin, mai kula da tallafin kasuwanci <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |date=13 February 2024 |title=Meet Bolaji Agbede, the New Acting GCEO of Access Holdings: Profile of Bolaji Agbede, New Acting CEO of Access Holdings Plc |url=https://www.okay.ng/meet-bolaji-agbede-the-new-acting-ceo-of-access-holdings/ |access-date=27 June 2024 |website=Okay.ng}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar Herbert Wigwe a wani hatsarin jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu a Amurka a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2024, kwamitin gudanarwa na Access Bank Group (Access Holdings Plc), ya naɗa ta a matsayin shugabar riƙon kwarya ta ƙungiyar. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8zqcozubjezhc5cg6mguut2yrt39sfg 0 147555 915946 818457 2026-09-04T06:47:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bryson Green''' (an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba, shekara ta 2002) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Arizona Cardinals na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Oklahoma State Cowboys da Wisconsin Badgers . == Rayuwa ta farko == Green ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Allen a Allen, Texas . An kiyasta shi a matsayin mai daukar taurari huɗu kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Oklahoma State Cowboys . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Levenson |first=Marshall |title=Cowboys Land Massive Pair of Commitments In The Green Twins |url=https://www.si.com/college/oklahomastate/recruiting/blaine-green-bryson-green-oklahoma-state-commitment |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=Oklahoma State Cowboys on SI |publisher=SI.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Jihar Oklahoma === A matsayinsa na sabon shiga a 2021, Green ya bayyana a wasanni 12 tare da farawa shida, inda ya zira kwallaye 12 don yadudduka 139 da kuma touchdowns biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruhl |first=Dean |title=Flurry of Cowboys enter transfer portal, WRs Stephon Johnson Jr. and Bryson Green among them |url=https://tulsaworld.com/sports/college/osu/flurry-of-cowboys-enter-transfer-portal-wrs-stephon-johnson-jr-and-bryson-green-among-them/article_d94016a0-8c4f-11ed-8fac-875db00a7b20.html |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=Tulsa World}}</ref> A cikin mako na 2 na kakar 2022 ya yi rikodin liyafa biyar don yadudduka 83 da kuma touchdown a cikin nasara a kan Jihar Arizona.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bryson Green's flea-flicker TD lifts OSU Cowboys past Arizona State |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/cowboys/2022/09/11/oklahoma-state-football-bryson-green-flea-flicker-td-lifts-osu-cowboys-past-arizona-state/69482328007/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> A cikin mako na 6, Green ya rubuta liyafa biyar don yadudduka 115 da kuma touchdown a cikin nasara da Texas Tech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma State football: Bryson Green, OSU Cowboys' redshirt tracker |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/cowboys/2022/10/12/oklahoma-state-football-bryson-green-osu-cowboys-redshirt-tracker/69555821007/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> A cikin mako na 8, ya samu karbuwa biyar don yadudduka 133 da kuma touchdown a cikin nasara a kan Texas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma State football: Bryson Green makes winning TD vs. Texas |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/cowboys/2022/10/23/oklahoma-state-football-bryson-green-makes-winning-touchdown-catch-vs-texas/69582879007/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> Green ya gama kakar 2022 tare da liyafa 36 don yadudduka 584 da kuma touchdown biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Temple |first=Jesse |title=Wisconsin football media day takeaways: How will Bryson Green fit into crowded WR corps? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4740999/2023/08/01/wisconsin-football-bryson-green-depth-chart/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=The Athletic}}</ref> Bayan kakar, ya shigar da sunansa a cikin Tashar canja wurin NCAA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samra |first=Steve |title=Oklahoma State wide receiver Bryson Green entering NCAA Transfer Portal |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/oklahoma-state-wide-receiver-bryson-green-entering-ncaa-transfer-portal-cowboys-big-12-college-football/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=On3.com}}</ref> === Wisconsin === Green ya sauya don ya buga wa Wisconsin Badgers wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Potrykus |first=Jeff |title=Wisconsin adds another offensive weapon from the transfer portal as former Oklahoma State WR Bryson Green plans to join the Badgers |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/college/uw/2023/01/14/former-oklahoma-state-receiver-bryson-green-join-wisconsin-badgers-football-luke-fickell-phil-longo/69808021007/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref> A lokacin da ya yi shekaru biyu tare da Badgers daga 2023 zuwa 2024, ya yi rikodin liyafa 49 don yadudduka 699 da kuma touchdown hudu a wasanni 19.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bryson Green |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/bryson-green-1.html |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=1 3/8|weight=211|dash=4.54|ten split=1.58|twenty split=2.55|shuttle=4.36|cone drill=6.98|vertical=39.0|broad ft=10|broad in=11|bench=18|arm span=33 3/8|hand span=10 1/4|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1053332&DraftYear=2025 |title=Bryson Green College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=May 6, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27688&ovl=Wisconsin |title=Bryson Green RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=May 6, 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}}Bayan da ba a zaba shi a cikin shirin NFL na 2025, Green ya sanya hannu tare da Arizona Cardinals a matsayin mai ba da kyauta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenney |first=Ben |title=Wisconsin wide receiver signs with Cardinals as undrafted free agent |url=https://badgerswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/college/badgers/football/2025/04/27/wisconsin-football-bryson-green-free-agent-sign/83310626007/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=Badgers Wire}}</ref> An dakatar da shi a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta a matsayin wani ɓangare na yanke jerin sunayen karshe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban |first=Darren |title=Bam Knight Surprise, Nolen On PUP As Cardinals Make Final Cuts To Get To 53-Man Roster |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-make-final-cuts-to-get-to-53-man-roster-bam-knight-walter-nolen-will-hernandez |access-date=27 August 2025 |website=AZCardinals.com}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Oktoba, an sake sanya hannu kan Green zuwa tawagar horar da tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban |first=Darren |title=Cardinals Open Practice Window For First-Round Pick Walter Nolen III |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-open-practice-window-for-first-round-pick-walter-nolen-iii |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=azcardinals.com}}</ref> An sake shi a ranar 28 ga Oktoba. A ranar 3 ga watan Disamba, an sake sanya hannu kan Green zuwa tawagar motsa jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Urban |first=Darren |title=Cardinals Open Practice Window For L.J. Collier |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-open-practice-window-for-l-j-collier |access-date=4 December 2025 |website=AZCardinals.com}}</ref> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar ajiya / gaba a ranar 5 ga Janairu, 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gershman, Zach |date=January 6, 2026 |title=Cardinals Sign 4 To 'Futures' Contracts |url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-sign-4-to-futures-contracts |website=AZCardinals.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Green ɗan tagwaye ne na mai karɓar bakuncin Jihar Oklahoma, Blaine Green . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet 103 Incorporated, Oklahoma State football's young WRs who lived, learned together |url=https://www.oklahoman.com/story/sports/college/cowboys/2022/08/14/oklahoma-state-football-2022-osu-cowboys-wide-receiver-depth-chart/65402557007/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Oklahoman}}</ref> Mahaifinsa Bryan ya taka leda a matsayin mai gudu a Minnesota Golden Gophers, kuma ɗayan ɗan'uwansa Seth ya taka leda ne a matsayin mai tsaron gida a Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Potrykus |first=Jeff |title=Bryson Green's long road to Wisconsin started in enemy territory – Minnesota. |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/college/uw/2023/08/09/wisconsin-transfer-wide-receiver-bryson-green-has-minnesota-ties/70557444007/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.azcardinals.com/team/players-roster/bryson-green/ Tarihin Arizona Cardinals] * [https://okstate.com/sports/football/roster/bryson-green/10283 Labaran Cowboys na Jihar Oklahoma] * [https://uwbadgers.com/sports/football/roster/bryson-green/13010 Labaran Wisconsin Badgers] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] og5a5ggb7fq5abi8795qk1spg7c9mkw 0 149158 915949 829722 2026-09-04T07:30:30Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Orlando Calisto de Souza''' ko kuma kawai '''Calisto''' (an haife shi a ranar 18 ga Disamba, 1975) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan]] baya ne [[Mai buga baya|na hagu na]] ƙasar Brazil. == Aikin kulob == Ya taɓa bugawa ƙungiyar Rubin Kazan ta Rasha da kuma ƙungiyar Vasco [1] ta Brazil da kuma Atlético Mineiro . == Daraja == * Ƙungiyar Jiha ta Alagoas: 2002 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{In lang|en}} [http://en.sambafoot.com/players/3188_Calisto.html sambafoot]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{In lang|pt}} [http://www.netvasco.com.br/futebol/jogadores/151.xml netvasco] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] 6kzcbpjdtyoe9am202d3uyabulvevmu 0 150988 915752 906832 2026-09-03T19:38:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Arif Erdem'13.jpg|thumb]] '''Arif Erdem''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1972 a birnin Istanbul na ƙasar Turkiyya) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma koci daga Turkiyya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai kai hari. Ya yi fice musamman a ƙungiyar [[Galatasaray S.K.]], inda ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙasar Turkiyya a shekarun 1990 zuwa farkon shekarun 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif_Erdem |title=Arif Erdem |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Arif Erdem a Istanbul, babban birnin kasuwanci na Turkiyya. Ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a ƙananan kungiyoyi na cikin gida kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horaswa ta Zeytinburnuspor. Hazakarsa wajen zura ƙwallaye da motsi cikin sauri ya sa ya samu kulawa daga manyan kungiyoyi tun yana matashi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://turkipedia.com/Arif_Erdem |title=Arif Erdem - Turkipedia |website=Turkipedia |access-date=2026-05-13 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aikin ƙungiya == Arif Erdem ya fara taka leda a matakin ƙwararru tare da Galatasaray a shekarar 1991. A lokacin da yake tare da ƙungiyar, ya taimaka mata wajen lashe kofunan Süper Lig da dama da kuma Kofin Turkiyya. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Galatasaray da ta lashe kofin UEFA Cup a shekarar 2000, wanda shi ne babban nasarar da wata ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta taɓa samu a Turai a wancan lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif_Erdem |title=Arif Erdem |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> A shekarar 2000 ya koma ƙungiyar Real Sociedad ta ƙasar Spain, amma bai daɗe ba saboda ƙarancin damar buga wasa. Daga baya ya koma Galatasaray inda ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani har zuwa lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga buga ƙwallo a shekarar 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif_Erdem |title=Arif Erdem |website=Wikipedia Español |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> A tsawon rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa, Arif Erdem ya buga wasanni sama da 340 a gasar lig kuma ya ci fiye da kwallaye 100. A kakar wasa ta 2001–02 ya zama wanda ya fi kowa cin kwallaye a Süper Lig tare da İlhan Mansız.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com.tr/arif-erdem/erfolge/spieler/3377 |title=Arif Erdem - Achievements |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Aikin tawagar ƙasa == Arif Erdem ya wakilci tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya daga shekarar 1994 zuwa 2003. Ya buga wasanni 60 tare da zura kwallaye 11. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Turkiyya da ta kai matsayi na uku a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta shekarar 2002, wanda shi ne mafi girman nasarar da Turkiyya ta samu a tarihin gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/arif-erdem/profil/spieler/3377 |title=Arif Erdem Profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> An san shi da iya kai hari cikin sauri, taimakawa wajen gina hare-hare da kuma haɗin kai da fitattun 'yan wasa kamar Hakan Şükür da Gheorghe Hagi a Galatasaray da tawagar ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sportslib.net/football/feed_fbvods.php?idx_no=8179 |title=Arif Erdem Profile, Career, News & Videos |website=SportsLib |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Aikin horaswa == Bayan ritayarsa daga taka leda, Arif Erdem ya shiga harkar horaswa inda ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin koci a İstanbul Başakşehir. Daga baya ya zama babban kocin ƙungiyar tsakanin shekarar 2011 da 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://turkipedia.com/Arif_Erdem |title=Arif Erdem - Turkipedia |website=Turkipedia |access-date=2026-05-13 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Nasarori == === Galatasaray === * Süper Lig: 1992–93, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02 * Turkish Cup: 1992–93, 1995–96, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2004–05 * UEFA Cup: 1999–2000 * UEFA Super Cup: 2000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com.tr/arif-erdem/erfolge/spieler/3377 |title=Arif Erdem Achievements |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * {{Official website|}} * {{Soccerbase}} * {{Transfermarkt}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Erdem, Arif}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1972]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category:Turkish footballers]] [[Category:Galatasaray S.K. players]] [[Category:Real Sociedad footballers]] [[Category:Turkey international footballers]] [[Category:Football managers]] [[Category:People from Istanbul]] 6zltgkmnukepheorblto5uwnjnxkmdx 0 151424 915918 909099 2026-09-04T01:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bassey Abobo Akpan''' ( listen ⓘ ; an haife shi a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1984) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] wanda ya yi ritaya a matsayin mai tsaron gida a ƙungiyar [[Kano Pillars F.C.|Kano Pillars]] ta NPFL . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Super Eagles goalkeeper Bassey Akpan joins Kano Pillars |url=https://www.brila.net/former-super-eagles-goalkeeper-bassey-akpan-joins-kano-pillars/ |access-date=21 December 2021 |publisher=brila.net |archive-date=16 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230616073645/https://www.brila.net/former-super-eagles-goalkeeper-bassey-akpan-joins-kano-pillars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aikin kulob == An haife Akpan a Eket, Najeriya, ya fara aikinsa da Delta Force Academy of Asaba. Yana cikin ƙungiyar da ta zo ta uku a gasar cin kofin Nike Premier Cup ta 1998 a Paris, Faransa. Daga baya ya shiga Bright Stars Football Academy a 1999. A lokacin wasannin share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta Nike Premier Cup ta 1999 a Legas, Akpan ya taka rawar gani a Kwalejin da ke Port-Harcourt kuma an zabe shi a matsayin mafi kyawun mai tsaron gida a gasar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 15. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nike Premier Cup |url=http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428073324/http://www.footjuniors.com/NPC/ |archive-date=28 April 2017}}</ref> Akpan ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kudancin Najeriya, [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a shekarar 2001, inda ya shafe kakar wasa ta 2001-2. Ya koma Sunshine Stars, inda ya buga wasa a sauran kakar wasa ta 2002-03, kafin ya haɗu da [[Kwara United F.C.|Kwara United]] a kakar wasa ta 2003-04, bayan da ƙungiyar da ke Akure ta koma mataki na biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria 2003 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesn/nig03.html}}</ref> Ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da ''Afonja Warriors'' na tsawon kakar wasa biyu, kafin ya koma [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a karo na biyu a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07. Bayan shekaru biyu da ya yi a [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]], Akpan ya koma aro zuwa Heartland FC a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, inda ya taimaka wa ''Naze Millionaires'' su kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin zakarun Afirka ta CAF ta 2009 a karon farko a tarihinsu. Bayan karewar kakar wasa ta aronsa a Heartland a watan Agustan 2009, Akpan ya koma kungiyarsa ta asali [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a kakar wasa ta 2009-10, kafin su fice daga gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ta 2009 a wasan kusa da na karshe. Ya koma Heartland kafin kakar wasa ta 2010-11, bayan da [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] ta fadi a karshen kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2009-10 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Keeper Akpan set to join Heartland {{!}} SuperSport – Africa's source of sports video, fixtures, results and news |url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/101016/keeper_akpan_set_to_join_heartland}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta bana yana lashe kofin FA na Najeriya na 2011. A watan Oktoban 2011, Akpan ya sanya hannu a kulob din farko na Vietnam, Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC, don kakar wasa ta V-League ta 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference at m.english.vietnamnet.vn |url=https://m.english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/sports/13918/top-african-goalkeeper-joins-vietnamese-fc.html#ui=mobile }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasansa ta farko da ''kyautar Mafi Kyawun Mai Tsaron Gida'', bayan kyakkyawan aikin da ya yi a wasanni 20 na gasar lig, wanda ya kai Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC matsayi na biyar a teburin kungiyoyi 14. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Heartland goalkeeper makes Vietnam League team of the season {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2012/10/10/3438582/former-heartland-goalkeeper-bassey-akpan-makes-vietnam}}</ref> Akpan ya tsawaita zamansa da Hoang Anh Gia Lai FC na tsawon kakar wasa biyu har zuwa 17 ga Agusta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria - B. Akpan - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway |url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/bassey-akpan/120774/}}</ref> Ya koma gida ya koma [[Bayelsa United F.C.|Bayelsa United]] a kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2014-15, inda ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar da ke [[Yenagoa]], kafin ya koma [[Kulab ɗin wasan ƙwallon ƙafan Abia Warriors|Abia Warriors]] a matsayin aro har zuwa sauran kakar wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bassey Akpan joins Abia Warriors {{!}} SuperSport – Africa's source of sports video, fixtures, results and news |url=https://www.supersport.com/football/nigeria/news/150605/Bassey_Akpan_joins_Abia_Warriors}}</ref> Ya koma ƙungiyar garinsu, Akwa United a kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2015-16 . Kafin fara kakar wasa ta yau da kullun, Akpan ya lashe gasar Super Four ta 2016 da kuma [[Kofin Super na Najeriya|gasar Super Cup ta Najeriya]] tare da ''Promise Keepers'' . Ya kasance cikin tawagar a lokacin gasar cin kofin CAF Confederation Cup ta farko. Ya buga wasanni 16 a gasar zakarun Turai a kulob din da ke Uyo, ciki har da rashin zura kwallo a raga da Abia Warriors a wasansu na ranar 30 a filin wasa na Umuahia Township a ranar 7 ga Agusta, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abia Warriors, Akwa Utd share points News - Daily Sports Nigeria |url=https://www.dailysportsng.com/news/detail.php?news=3231 |access-date=2026-05-16 |archive-date=2024-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119052745/https://www.dailysportsng.com/news/detail.php?news=3231 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akpan ya rattaba hannu kan zakarun NPFL na 2015-16, [[Enugu Rangers]] a tsakiyar kakar wasa ta NPFL ta 2016-17 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2020 |title=Amputee Federation president reveal plans for 2020 - Latest Sports News In Nigeria |url=https://www.brila.net/completed-midseason-signings-for-npfl-teams/amp/ |access-date=16 May 2026 |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731015711/https://www.brila.net/completed-midseason-signings-for-npfl-teams/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akpan ya koma Sunshine Stars FC a karo na biyu a kakar wasa ta 2018-19, kuma an gabatar da shi tare da wasu 'yan wasa 23 a Ondo State Sports Complex a ranar Asabar 19 ga Janairu 2019. Bai buga wa kungiyar kwallon ''kafa ta Akure Gunners'' wasa ba, domin sun kammala kakar wasa ta 2018-19 a matsayi na takwas - matsayi daya sama da yankin da aka fadi daga gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reference at www.naijafootballplus.com |url=http://www.naijafootballplus.com/sunshine-stars-unveil-new-players/}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Fashewar da Akpan ya yi a gasar cin kofin Nike International Premier Cup ta 1998 da 1999 a Paris da Barcelona, ta sa aka gayyace shi zuwa tawagar ' yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Najeriya domin shiga gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin kasashen Afirka ta 'yan kasa da shekara 17 a shekarar 2001 a shekarar 2000. A ranar 3 ga Maris 2001, ya zaburar da Golden Eaglets zuwa ga lashe kofin nahiyar Afirka na farko a gasar cin kofin 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Afirka ta 2001 a Seychelles da ci 3-0. A gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 'yan kasa da shekara 17 da aka yi a Trinidad & Tobago, an zabi Akpan a matsayin Gwarzon Mai Tsaron Gasar saboda jarumtar da ya nuna a matsayin mai tsaron raga, duk da cewa Golden Eaglets sun sha kashi 3-0 a hannun Faransa a wasan karshe don samun lambar azurfa. A shekara ta 2002, ya kasance cikin tawagar [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Maza ta Najeriya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20|Flying Eagles]] wadda ta kasa samun gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin CAF U-20 ta Burkina Faso ta 2003 . Daga watan Yunin 2003 zuwa Maris na 2004, Akpan memba ne na ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Najeriya kuma ya shiga gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar CAF yayin da ƙungiyar ta gaza samun tikitin shiga gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Athens ta 2004 ƙwallon ƙafa ta maza [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dnp97blajf5dmatb6cry3nv797hjjgg 0 151609 915902 839152 2026-09-03T23:11:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bello Babatunde Martins''' Listen ⓘ (an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2003) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne [[Najeriya|na Najeriya]] wanda ke bugawa ƙungiyar Future FC a gasar Firimiya ta Masar . <ref>{{Soccerway|id=bello-babatunde-martins/811478|accessdate=6 June 2022}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == Bello ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar Sunshine Stars a ranar 13 ga Yuni 2021, inda ya fara wasan NPFL da [[Enugu Rangers]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2021 |title=Enugu Rangers - Sunshine Stars 4:1 |url=https://www.livesport.com/en/match/IR74UOL8/#/match-summary/match-summary |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=livesport.com |language=en}}</ref> A tsakiyar kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya koma Akwa United, [1] zakaran gasar cin kofin Najeriya, inda ya zama daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa cikin sauri. [2] [3] Ya jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi tsakanin Sweden da Masar da salon wasansa na NPFL, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alao |first=Seyi |date=2022-09-26 |title=19 year-old Babatunde courting interests from Egypt, Sweden |url=https://www.brila.net/19-year-old-babatunde-courting-interests-from-egypt-sweden/ |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=[[Brila FM|Brila]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128181406/https://www.brila.net/19-year-old-babatunde-courting-interests-from-egypt-sweden/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> daga ƙarshe ya sanya hannu a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar ta Future FC, a watan Oktoban 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=El-Swaify |first=Mohamed |date=2022-10-12 |title=فيوتشر يعلن صفقة نيجيرية.. ويتعاقد مع ميرا |url=https://www.kooora.com/?n=1179813 |access-date=2022-11-06 |website=Kooora.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An fara kiran Babatunde Bello zuwa [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa ta Najeriya]] a watan Mayun 2022 don wasannin sada zumunci da Mexico da Ecuador . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Peseiro: We will make the best of what we have. Ekong, Simon, 18 others in Dallas for Mexico, Ecuador friendlies |url=https://www.thenff.com/2022/05/peseiro-we-will-make-the-best-of-what-we-have-ekong-simon-18-others-in-dallas-for-mexico-ecuador-friendlies/ |access-date=2022-06-06 |website=[[Nigeria Football Federation]] |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=HV Fréjus |date=25 May 2022 |title=Nigéria : Encore du changement dans le groupe des Super Eagles |url=https://africafootunited.com/nigeria-encore-du-changement-dans-le-groupe-des-super-eagles/ |access-date=6 Jun 2022 |website=Africa Foot United |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2003]] 7iu9a80wok0v87um1h27qb4yclm0u0f 0 151844 915937 853949 2026-09-04T05:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Peter Ijeh''' (an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Maris 1977) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon]] ƙafa ne na Najeriya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter Ijeh - top scorer lists |url=https://www.topscorersfootball.com/peter-ijeh |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=TopScorersFootball.com |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Farkon aikina === Bayan ya buga wasa a kungiyoyi kamar NiTel United Lagos kuma ya lashe kyautar mafi girman mai zura kwallaye tare da Julius Berger FC a gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya, ya koma kungiyar Malmö FF ta Sweden a shekarar 2001. Shi ne mafi yawan kwallaye a Allsvenskan a shekarar 2002 da kwallaye 24. A shekarar 2003, ya samu rauni a kafa wanda ya hana shi buga mafi yawan kakar wasa, amma duk da haka ya samu nasarar dawowa da karfi kuma ya kare da kwallaye 10. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Niyi |date=11 November 2020 |title=Peter Ijeh Appointed As Manager of Swedish Club |url=https://bsnsports.com.ng/peter-ijeh-appointed-as-manager-of-swedish-club/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=BSN Sports |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215735/https://bsnsports.com.ng/peter-ijeh-appointed-as-manager-of-swedish-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A ƙarshen shekarar 2003, ya koma IFK Göteborg a kan yarjejeniyar canja wuri kyauta a cikin wani lamari mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce yayin da babban ɗan wasan ƙungiyar ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar cika shekaru 100 da kafa kuma Göteborg ya zo na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojewunmi |first=Moses |date=11 November 2020 |title=Swedish Division 2 side Appoints Peter Ijeh as Manager |url=https://www.brila.net/swedish-division-2-side-appoints-peter-ijeh-as-manager/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=Latest Sports News In Nigeria |language=en-US |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602225607/https://www.brila.net/swedish-division-2-side-appoints-peter-ijeh-as-manager/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, Ijeh ya koma kulob din Denmark FC Copenhagen kuma ya lashe gasar a kakar wasa ta 2005-06. === Viking === [[Fayil:Åfk_viking_2009.jpg|alt=Peter Ijeh|thumb|Peter Ijeh a matsayin sabon kyaftin na Viking FK]] A ranar 19 ga Yuni 2006, Ijeh ya koma Viking FK da ke Norway kan yarjejeniyar dala miliyan 3 ta Denmark . Ya samu nasara nan take, inda ya zira kwallaye 11 a wasanni 15 don ceton ƙungiyar daga faduwa. A wasan ƙarshe na kakar wasa ta 2006, Ijeh ya zira kwallaye 4 kuma ya matsa wa wani mai tsaron baya na ƙungiyar ya zura kwallo a raga yayin da Viking ya lalata abokan hamayyarsa na gida da kuma SK Brann da ke matsayi na biyu da ci 5-0 don hawa matsayi biyu a teburin kuma don haka ya tsira daga faduwa da bambancin kwallaye. A farkon watan Janairun 2007, majiyoyi da dama a cikin ƙwallon ƙafa ta Norway sun yi iƙirarin cewa Ijeh zai nemi wata ƙungiya nan ba da jimawa ba, inda ƙungiyar Coventry City ta Ingila za ta nemi ɗan wasan gaban Najeriya, wanda ake kyautata zaton yana sha'awar gwada ƙwarewarsa a wasan Ingilishi mai ƙarfi. Ana kyautata zaton manajan Coventry City [[Micky Adams]] ya kalli ɗan wasan a wani rangadin neman 'yan wasa zuwa Norway kwanan nan. An ruwaito cewa kulob din Lyn Fotball da ke [[Oslo]] ya yi tayin NOK miliyan 12 don sayen Ijeh, kodayake Viking ya ƙi amincewa da hakan. Ijeh ya bar Viking a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2009 don sanya hannu a kungiyar Syriaska FC a rukuni na biyu na Sweden. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2020 |title=Former NPFL Star appointed as technical adviser of Swedish club side |url=https://ojbsport.com/2020/11/11/former-npfl-star-appointed-as-technical-adviser-of-swedish-club-side/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225905/https://ojbsport.com/2020/11/11/former-npfl-star-appointed-as-technical-adviser-of-swedish-club-side/ |archive-date=5 December 2020 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=OJB SPORT |language=en}}</ref> === Kungiyar Syriaska FC === A ranar 23 ga Oktoba, Ijeh ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da ya kai Syrianka ga Allsvenskan a karon farko. Ya kammala kakar wasa da kwallaye 17. Ya kuma zura kwallon farko ta Syrianka FC ta Allsvenskan, bayan kuskuren da 'yan tsaron Gefle IF suka yi masa ya ba shi damar jefa kwallon a raga babu komai. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 3kekd1wiorny78imjb0s6jaszfa23mr 0 151922 915914 860838 2026-09-03T23:58:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bala Nikyu''' ƙwararren mai horas da ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi da dama a cikin [[Nigeria Premier Football League]] (NPFL) tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasa. Ya shahara wajen horas da [[Nasarawa United FC]], [[Wikki Tourists FC]], [[Gombe United FC]] da kuma ƙungiyar mata ta Najeriya ta ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 17, wato Flamingoes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/bala-nikyu/profil/trainer/69534 |title=Bala Nikyu – Manager profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Ba a samu cikakken bayani a fili game da ranar haihuwar Bala Nikyu da tarihin rayuwarsa ta farko ba, amma an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun masu horas da ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya musamman a matakin cikin gida da kuma ci gaban matasa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/bala-nikyu/profil/trainer/69534 |title=Bala Nikyu – Manager profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Sana’ar horaswa == Bala Nikyu ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na NPFL ciki har da [[Niger Tornadoes FC]], [[Katsina United FC]], [[Wikki Tourists FC]] da [[Nasarawa United FC]]. Ya shahara wajen gina ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi da kuma bai wa matasa damar taka rawa a manyan ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/gombe-united-appoints-bala-nikyu-as-new-technical-adviser-for-npfl-remainder |title=Gombe United appoints Bala Nikyu as New Technical Adviser |website=Africa Sport Network |date=2024-03-31 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, ƙungiyar [[Wikki Tourists FC]] ta naɗa Bala Nikyu a matsayin babban koci tare da Mohammed Babaganaru wanda aka ba matsayin Technical Adviser. Naɗin nasa ya biyo bayan tantance masu horaswa sama da goma da ƙungiyar ta gudanar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/11/01/wikki-tourists-appoint-babaganaru-nikyu-technical-adviser-coach/ |title=Wikki Tourists appoint Babaganaru, Nikyu as technical adviser, coach |website=Daily Post Nigeria |date=2016-11-01 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Nikyu ya kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar mata ta Najeriya ta ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 17, wato Flamingoes, a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-17 Women’s World Cup da aka gudanar a Jordan a shekarar 2016. Bayan rashin nasara a hannun Brazil, ya bayyana cewa tsoron sunan Brazil ne ya sa ’yan wasansa suka kasa nuna bajintarsu yadda ya kamata.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nigerianobservernews.com/2016/10/fear-of-brazil-did-us-in-flamingoes-coach-says/ |title=Fear of Brazil did us in, Flamingoes coach says |website=Nigerian Observer |date=2016-10-02 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, [[Nasarawa United FC]] ta sake naɗa Bala Nikyu a matsayin sabon mai horaswa saboda gogewarsa da kuma tarihin da yake da shi da ƙungiyar. Shugaban ƙungiyar ya bayyana cewa Nikyu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ɗaga ƙungiyar zuwa NPFL a baya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brila.net/nasarawa-united-unveils-bala-nikyu-as-new-coach/ |title=Nasarawa United unveils Bala Nikyu as new Coach |website=Brila FM |access-date=2026-05-21 |archive-date=2026-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260521155034/https://brila.net/nasarawa-united-unveils-bala-nikyu-as-new-coach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan shafe kusan shekaru uku yana horas da [[Nasarawa United FC]], Bala Nikyu ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Afrilun 2023 bayan rashin kyakkyawan sakamako a kakar NPFL.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/04/02/nikyu-steps-down-as-nasarawa-uniteds-head-coach/ |title=Nikyu steps down as Nasarawa United’s head coach |website=Daily Post Nigeria |date=2023-04-02 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekarar 2024, [[Gombe United FC]] ta sanar da naɗin Bala Nikyu a matsayin Technical Adviser domin taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen guje wa faduwa daga gasar NPFL. Shugabannin ƙungiyar sun bayyana cewa gogewarsa da dabarunsa za su taimaka wajen dawo da ƙungiyar kan hanya madaidaiciya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailytrust.com/nikyu-appointed-gombe-utd-coach-till-season-end/ |title=Nikyu appointed Gombe Utd coach till season end |website=Daily Trust |date=2024-03-31 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Duk da haka, Bala Nikyu ya yi murabus daga aikin horas da [[Gombe United FC]] bayan ƙungiyar ta fadi daga NPFL a shekarar 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/06/05/bala-nikyu-quits-as-gombe-united-head-coach/ |title=Bala Nikyu quits as Gombe United head coach |website=Daily Post Nigeria |date=2024-06-05 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Bayan nan, Gombe United ta sake tsawaita zamansa a matsayin Technical Adviser tare da ba shi sabon kwangila domin jagorantar ƙoƙarin mayar da ƙungiyar zuwa babban matakin NPFL.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sports247.ng/gombe-united-retains-coach-bala-nikyu-as-technical-adviser-appoints-abdullah-i-haruna-as-chief-coach/ |title=Gombe United Retains Coach Bala Nikyu As Technical Adviser |website=Sports247 Nigeria |date=2024-09-04 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> A shekarar 2024 kuma, an bayyana Bala Nikyu a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan koci na ƙungiyar Najeriya ta ’yan ƙasa da shekaru 17, Golden Eaglets, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Manu Garba.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=50972 |title=Manu Garba returns to Golden Eaglets as head coach; assistant roles for Ugbade, Bala Nikyu |website=All Nigeria Soccer |date=2024-03-28 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Salon horaswa == Bala Nikyu ya shahara da amfani da tsarin wasa mai kai hari, musamman tsarin 4-3-3. Haka kuma yana mai da hankali wajen bunƙasa matasan ’yan wasa da ƙarfafa tsari a tsakiyar fili.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/bala-nikyu/profil/trainer/69534 |title=Bala Nikyu – Manager profile |website=Transfermarkt |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin da ya horas == * [[Niger Tornadoes FC]] * [[Wikki Tourists FC]] * [[Katsina United FC]] * [[Nasarawa United FC]] * [[Gombe United FC]] * Najeriya U-17 Mata (Flamingoes)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/gombe-united-appoints-bala-nikyu-as-new-technical-adviser-for-npfl-remainder |title=Gombe United appoints Bala Nikyu as New Technical Adviser |website=Africa Sport Network |date=2024-03-31 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0r9eco2cjjwf2gcdaqfu76jfkxhzkdv 0 153981 915457 844842 2026-09-03T12:51:16Z Usman saadu 46863 915457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="mm">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Ta na da digiri a B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' . Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.<ref name=":12">{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam "Muttu Mu2" a cikin shekarar 2022 tare da Yogi B & Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar "Aasa Kooda" a cikin 2024. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {{Pending films key}} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Harshe !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Om Bheem Bush'' |Jalaja |[[Talgu|Telugu]] |Farko na Telugu | |- |''Taurari'' |Meera Malarkodi |[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]] |Farkon Tamil |<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2025 |''Kannappa'' |Nemali |Telugu | | |- |''Maine Pyar Kiya'' |Nidhi | rowspan="2" |[[Malayalam]] |Farkon Malayalam |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}</ref> |- |''Sarvam Maya'' |Saadhya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2026 |''Fashewa'' |Nila |Tamil | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} |TBA |Tamil |Bayan samarwa | |-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} |Apuwar |Telugu |Fim | |-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} |TBA |Tamil |Fim |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- |2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}} |TBA |[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] |Farko na Hindi |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-05 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to make her Bollywood debut in Naagzilla; only 7 days of shooting left for Kartik Aaryan's fantasy comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Hindi/movies/news/Naagzilla-kartik-aryan-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-karan-johar-supernatural-thriller-romantic-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Waƙar !Masu zane-zane !Harshe !Alamar !Tabbacin. |- |2022 |"Muttu Mu2" |Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar | rowspan="2" |Tamil |Waƙoƙin Divo | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |"Aasa Kooda" |Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti |Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 "After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch"]. ''mirchi.in''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> |- |"Morni" |Badshah, Sharvi Yadav |Hindi |Kiɗa na Saregama | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q0py6ncy7gi3a4qlptrmvxx9xkxl4q4 915458 915457 2026-09-03T12:51:46Z Usman saadu 46863 915458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Preity Mukhundhan''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Indiya, samfurin kuma mai rawa wanda ke aiki da farko a fina-finai na [[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]], [[Malayalam]], da [[Talgu|Telugu]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Preity a Tiruchirappalli, [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name="mm">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-07 |title=Preity Mukhundan Web Stories |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/03/07/actress-preity-mukhundhan-alluring-pictures.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Malayala Manorama]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-12-03 |title=Preity Mukhundhan talks about how life has changed from Aasa Kooda to Morni: ‘It's surreal I get to live this dream’ |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/preity-mukhundhan-interview-aasa-kooda-morni-kannappa-101733135332031.html |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Ta na da digiri a B.Tech a cikin Injiniyan lantarki da Sadarwa (ECE) daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kasa, Tiruchirappalli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=S. K. |first=Sudheesh |date=2024-07-30 |title=Spotlight on Preity Mukhundhan:The Face of Aasa Kooda |url=https://www.radiocity.in/photos/spotlight-on-preity-mukhundhan-the-face-of-aasa-kooda--4494 |access-date=2025-08-15 |website=[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]]}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Preity ta fara fim dinta a fim din ban tsoro na harshen Telugu ''Om Bheem Bush'' . Ta taka rawar gani a cikin Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya na harshen Tamil na 2024 Star a gaban Kavin kuma Elan ne ya ba da umarni.<ref name=":12">{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Baya ga aikinta na samfurin da fim, Preity ta kuma bayyana a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na waƙar Teejay Arunasalam "Muttu Mu2" a cikin shekarar 2022 tare da Yogi B & Sivaangi Krishnakumar, da kuma waƙar Sai Abhyankkar "Aasa Kooda" a cikin shekarar 2024. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {{Pending films key}} === Fim din === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Harshe !Bayani !Tabbacin. |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |''Om Bheem Bush'' |Jalaja |[[Talgu|Telugu]] |Farko na Telugu | |- |''Taurari'' |Meera Malarkodi |[[Yaren Tamal|Tamil]] |Farkon Tamil |<ref name=":1">{{cite news |date=5 February 2024 |title=Star: The first look of Preity Mukundhan engages the audience |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/star-first-look-of-preity-mukhundhan-engages-the-audience/articleshow/107423271.cms |access-date=5 February 2024 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2025 |''Kannappa'' |Nemali |Telugu | | |- |''Maine Pyar Kiya'' |Nidhi | rowspan="2" |[[Malayalam]] |Farkon Malayalam |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2024 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to Make Her Malayalam Debut with Maine Pyar Kiya |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/preity-mukhundhan-to-make-her-malayalam-debut-with-maine-pyar-kiya-9036391.html}}</ref> |- |''Sarvam Maya'' |Saadhya | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nivin Pauly’s fantasy movie ‘Sarvam Maya’ locks its release date |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2025/11/20/nivin-pauly-sarvam-maya-movie-release-date-locked.html |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2026 |''Fashewa'' |Nila |Tamil | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-25 |title=Arjun, Abhirami and Preity Mukhundhan's AGS 28 gets a 'Blast' title look |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Apr/25/arjun-abhirami-and-preity-mukhundhans-ags-28-gets-a-blast-title-look |access-date=2026-05-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |-| {{pending film|Idhayam Murali}} |TBA |Tamil |Bayan samarwa | |-| {{Pending film|Emo Emo Idi}} |Apuwar |Telugu |Fim | |-| {{Pending film|Dashamakan}} |TBA |Tamil |Fim |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-17 |title=Harish Kalyan steals the show in ‘Rap Battle’ song from Dashamakan |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2026/Feb/17/harish-kalyan-steals-the-show-in-rap-battle-song-from-dashamakan |access-date=2026-04-17 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> |- |2027|{{Pending film|Naagzilla}} |TBA |[[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]] |Farko na Hindi |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-03-05 |title=Preity Mukhundhan to make her Bollywood debut in Naagzilla; only 7 days of shooting left for Kartik Aaryan's fantasy comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/Hindi/movies/news/Naagzilla-kartik-aryan-and-preity-mukhundhan-star-in-the-upcoming-karan-johar-supernatural-thriller-romantic-drama/articleshow/128343303.cms |access-date=2026-03-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> |- |} === Bidiyo na kiɗa === {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Waƙar !Masu zane-zane !Harshe !Alamar !Tabbacin. |- |2022 |"Muttu Mu2" |Teejay Arunasalam, Yogi B, Sivaangi Krishnakumar | rowspan="2" |Tamil |Waƙoƙin Divo | |- | rowspan="2" |2024 |"Aasa Kooda" |Sai Abhyankkar, Sai Smriti |Ka yi tunani da kiɗa Indiya |<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://mirchi.in/stories/music/sai-abhyankkars-aasa-kooda-is-out-now-watch/110986330 "After the global chartbuster Katchi Sera, Sai Abhyankkar is back with a breezy romantic track Aasa Kooda. Watch"]. ''mirchi.in''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> |- |"Morni" |Badshah, Sharvi Yadav |Hindi |Kiɗa na Saregama | |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2g36sqo67a991chwubr0ewsof6vlep1 0 154606 915921 846388 2026-09-04T01:53:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bayyanawa bayan abinci mai gina jiki''' kalma ce da ke kwatanta jin daɗi na kasancewa mai tsabta ko kuma "maidowa" a hankali bayan orgasm a cikin jima'i ko masturbation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Phillip |date=May 23, 2023 |title=The Science of Post-Nut Clarity, Explained |url=https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a43975744/post-nut-clarity-urologist-explains/ |access-date=October 20, 2023 |website=[[Men's Health]]}}</ref> Jin ƙyamar kanka, da kuma laifi, an haɗa su da kalmar.<ref name="HansederDantas">{{Cite journal |last=Hanseder |first=Sophia |last2=Dantas |first2=Jaya A. R. |date=2023 |title=Males' Lived Experience with Self-Perceived Pornography Addiction: A Qualitative Study of Problematic Porn Use |journal=[[International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health]] |volume=20 |issue=2 |page=1497 |doi=10.3390/ijerph20021497 |pmc=9861829 |pmid=36674250 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Khan">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Arman |date=March 31, 2022 |title=Cumming To Your Senses: Is Post-Nut Clarity Legit? An Investigation. |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/post-nut-clarity-cumming-orgasm-sex-psychology/ |access-date=October 20, 2023 |website=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]}}</ref> Rashin jin daɗi da nadama game da aikin jima'i ko kuma tare da abokin jima'i. <ref name="Anca">{{Cite web |last=Anca |first=Reniel |date=May 20, 2024 |title=Is Post-Nut Clarity a Real Thing? |url=https://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/post-nut-clarity |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=[[Men's Journal]]}}</ref> Ana amfani da kalmar nan "pre-nut delusion" don bayyana akasin haka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agulto |first=Mikey |date=September 4, 2025 |title=We All Know Post-Nut Clarity, But What Is Pre-Nut Delusion? |url=https://www.cosmo.ph/relationships/pre-nut-delusion-a7960-20240904 |access-date=November 7, 2025 |website=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]}}</ref> == Magana da amfani == Kalmar "nut" ana samun ta a cikin maganganun yaren da ke fashewa, wanda ke nufin jima'i na namiji.[1] An lura da kalmar bayan nut bayyanawa musamman a cikin tattaunawar kan layi.[2][3][4] GQ ya ambaci wani mai amfani da Twitter wanda ya wallafa game da kalmar a shekarar 2012.[5] An rubuta irin waɗannan kalmomi har ma a baya: a kan allon rubutu na Jafananci 2channel, kalmar kenjataimu ko "lokaci mai hankali", yana nufin wannan ra'ayi, ya bayyana tun farkon Oktoba 2007.[6][7] Ana iya gano irin wannan kalmar bayan bayyanawa zuwa shigarwar 2006 a kan Urban Dictionary . [8] An ambaci wannan magana a cikin waƙoƙin Dr. Dre, [[Drake]], Juice Wrld, da Alemeda.<ref name="Anca"/> == Bayyanawa da bincike == Marubutan kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban na Intanet sun bayyana "bayyanar bayan nut" kamar yadda yake da alaƙa da lokacin "aha" ga maza bayan jima'i.<ref name="Garnett">{{Cite web |last=Garnett |first=Alice |date=January 26, 2021 |title=Nice To Meet You, I'm A Slut: 'Post Nut Clarity' versus 'The Dick Haze', Gendered Responses to Sex |url=https://theoxfordblue.co.uk/nice-to-meet-you-im-a-slut-post-nut-clarity-versus-the-dick-haze/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=The Oxford Blue |archive-date=May 17, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517100258/https://theoxfordblue.co.uk/nice-to-meet-you-im-a-slut-post-nut-clarity-versus-the-dick-haze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayanan kafofin watsa labarai game da bayyanar bayan abinci mai gina jiki sau da yawa suna danganta maza da kasancewa da alaƙa da samun ta, kodayake sau da yawa mata ma suna da alaƙa le fuskantar abin da ya faru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zane |first=Zachary |date=December 7, 2020 |title=What Experts Know About 'Post-Nut Clarity' |url=https://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/a34838426/post-nut-clarity-definition/ |access-date=October 24, 2023 |website=[[Men's Health]]}}</ref><ref name="Seenarine">{{Cite web |last=Seenarine |first=Neha |date=September 6, 2022 |title=Post-nut clarity's dreadful aftermath |url=https://quchronicle.com/77675/arts-and-life/post-nut-claritys-dreadful-aftermath/ |access-date=May 31, 2024 |website=[[The Quinnipiac Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="Salmin">{{Cite web |last=Salmin, Dee |author-link=Dee Salmin |date=August 18, 2022 |title=What is post nut clarity? And is it just a guy thing? |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/the-hook-up/what-is-post-nut-clarity-is-it-real-joe-rogan-only-a-guy-thing-/101347072/ |access-date=October 20, 2023 |website=[[The Hook Up]] |publisher=[[Triple J]]}}</ref> Duk da yake an lura da kama da dysphoria bayan jima'i (ko tristesse bayan jima'in), an tattauna bayyanar bayan abinci mai gina jiki a matsayin wani abu mai ban mamaki.<ref name="Anca"/> == Dubi kuma == * Anagnorisis - lokaci a cikin wasa ko wani aiki lokacin da wani hali ya yi wani abu mai mahimmanci * Sakamakon Eureka - ba zato ba tsammani fahimtar matsala ko ra'ayi da ba a fahimta ba. * Rashin jin daɗi bayan jima'i - jin bakin ciki, damuwa, tashin hankali ko tashin hankali bayan orgasm * Lokacin refractory (jima'i) - lokacin farfadowa bayan orgasm lokacin da ba zai yiwu ba ga maza su sami ƙarin orgasms == Manazarta == 48a13jqka23yabik3jyz493tu2qjyd3 0 154803 915433 892636 2026-09-03T12:31:55Z Pharouqenr 25549 915433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}# Numbered list item   Mori Point wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman kadada 110 (0.4 ) wanda ke cikin Pacifica, [[California]], wanda yake wani ɓangare na Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Mori Point kanta bluff ne kusa da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da bakin tekun. Baya ga bluff da ridge, Mori Point ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan tafkuna da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Hanyoyi, da yawa da aka gina, sun haɗa ridgeline zuwa ƙofofin wurin shakatawa da kuma rairayin bakin teku na Sharp Park. Wani bangare na California Coastal Trail zai ratsa Mori Point. Tafkunan da wuraren da ke cikin Mori Point suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga kwayar cutar California da ke fuskantar barazana da maciji na San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |title=San Francisco Garter Snake |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/conservation/plants-animals/endangered-species/san-fancisco-garter-snake.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Mori Point kuma yana da tsire-tsire na arewacin bakin teku da kuma mazaunin California a yankunan da ke kan tudu, kuma an san shi sosai da nune-nunen fure na daji. Gidan shakatawa yana da iyaka da Laguna Salada Marsh da Sharp Park Municipal Golf Course zuwa arewa; da Highway 1 da Sweeney Ridge zuwa gabas; da kuma Calera Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant zuwa kudu. == Tarihi == Wani binciken archaeological a shekarar 1969 ya bayyana wani harsashi a Mori Point, wanda ke nuna mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurka kafin Columbus. Dutsen dutse a Mori Point 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne suka haƙa shi kuma, daga baya, Mutanen Espanya. Francisco Sanchez ya karbi <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Rancho San Pedro</i></nowiki> a cikin 1839 a lokacin Rancho, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin Pacifica na yanzu, gami da ƙasar da daga baya za a kira Mori Point.<ref name="Postel-199" /> Stefano Mori da iyalinsa ne suka sayi ƙasar da Mori Point ke zaune a yanzu a cikin 1888, waɗanda ke gudanar da gona da ranch a wurin.<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2008 |title=Mori Point |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216212725/http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Gidan dafa abinci, wanda aka gina don ciyar da ma'aikata, daga ƙarshe ya zama Mori Point Inn, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1965. Takamaiman ranar da aka kafa shi yana cikin tambaya, amma rahotanni na jarida daga 1910 sun ambaci Steve Mori a matsayin manajan Inn a cikin 1910. A lokacin haramtacciyar doka, Inn sanannen sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. [[Fayil:Fishing_village_on_the_ocean_south_of_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙauyen kamun kifi a bakin tekun Pacific. Hoton Dorothea Lange don Hukumar Tsaro ta Noma (1938) ]] An yi amfani da dutse mai laushi daga Rockaway Quarry a matsayin hanya mai laushi don Ocean Shore Railroad da sake gina [[San Francisco]] bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 1906. Hanyar 1, wacce ta raba Mori Point daga Sweeney Ridge, ta mamaye wani yanke da aka fara niyya don karɓar Ocean Shore Railroad. Hoton 1938 na Dorothea Lange ya nuna ƙauyen kamun kifi da dutsen dutse a bango. A cikin shekarun 1920, masu sayar da kaya sun yi amfani da shafin don kawo barasa a cikin Bay Area. Jami'an Tarayya sun kwace shari'o'i 24,000 na whiskey wanda ya kai US $ 2,000,000 (daidai da $ 37,790,000 a 2025) a 1923 daga gonar Jack Mori, amma Ray (ko Rey) Mori shine kadai dangin da aka kama saboda laifuka masu alaƙa da barasa a lokacin haramtacciyar doka. An kama Ray a shekara ta 1929 saboda ba da abin sha mai barasa <ref name="Postel-228" /> a Francisco Sanchez Adobe, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin gidan cin abinci a saman kuma a ɓoye a matsayin speakeasy da bordello . [1] Ya sami watanni huɗu na gwaji da tarar $ 225. Ray da matarsa Marie sun karɓi aikin masaukin a shekara ta 1932, an ruwaito cewa saboda jami'an tarayya suna matsawa Jack.<ref name="Postel-229" /> An rufe Inn a 1965 kuma ya ƙone a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1966, watanni uku kawai bayan ya fita daga kasuwanci. <ref name="CultHist">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mori Point: Cultural History |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031601/http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-13 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Bayan da aka rufe Inn a shekarar 1965, an yi amfani da tuddai don tseren babur <ref name="CultHist"/> da kuma yashi, suna haifar da alamomi a kan tuddai waɗanda har yanzu suna bayyane. An gabatar da ci gaba a cikin 1984 kuma Majalisar Birnin Pacifica ta amince da shi a cikin 1988. Ci gaban zai kunshi gidaje 60 na iyali ɗaya, filin wasan nuna doki, da otal mai ɗakuna 275 da cibiyar taro. Kungiyar "Pacificans for Mori Point" ta shigar da kara don toshe ci gaban, ta cajin rahoton tasirin muhalli bai cika ba. <ref name="CultHist" /> Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta buga Nazarin Iyakokin Pacifica a shekarar 1998, wanda ya gano filaye da dama a Pacifica da take son ƙarawa a GGNRA. Jimillar ƙarin filaye da aka tsara shine filaye goma sha biyar da jimillar eka 1,075 (hekta 435), gami da yankin Mori Point, kuma idan aka kammala, zai haifar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan yankin Birnin Pacifica da Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2000, an yi gwanjon Mori Point, kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Pacifica, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Jama'a sun ƙaddamar da kamfen na siyan kadarorin don adanawa tare da nasarar tayin dala miliyan 3,300,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 6,170,000 a shekarar 2025). An sayi kadarorin a gwanjon jama'a kuma aka ba su kyauta ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka ƙara su ga GGNRA.. <ref name="NPS"/><ref name="NPS-2004">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2004 |title=Mori Point |url=http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722010643/http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2004 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an haƙa tafkuna biyu a gefen arewacin shirin Mori Point don dawo da mazaunin kwari masu jan kafafu da kwari na bishiyar Pacific, suna fatan kafa yankunan kwari da kuma jawo hankalin masu cin su, maciji na San Francisco. An hango kwai na kwaya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2005 kuma an ga maciji suna cin abinci kusa da tafkuna a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="SFG-080426" /> A cikin Fall of 2007, Mori Point Project, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikata daga Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, da masu sa kai, sun kammala cire ƙasa da aka gurɓata da man fetur, ƙirƙirar sabon tafki da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma sabuwar hanya tare da matakan samun dama da ake kira "Bootlegger's Steps" har zuwa saman Mori Point bluff.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett, Susie |date=21 October 2007 |title=Mori's Warriors: November 10 Next Work Party in Pacifica's Own National Park |url=http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=Pacifica Riptide [blog] |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192137/http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Beached_Sperm_Whale_at_Mori_Point,_Pacifica_(17181158012).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mutuwar sperm whale a bakin rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point (Afrilu 2015) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, wani nau'in sperm whale mai tsawon mita wanke a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point . Kodayake whale ya lalace, binciken gawa ya kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kamar cututtuka, shekaru, harin shark, ko kuma jirgin ruwa ya buge shi. Whale na biyu, mai tsawon mita {{Convert|32|ft}} (9.8 , ya wanke kawai 0.25 mil (0.40 arewacin sperm whale makonni uku bayan haka a Sharp Park Beach. Whale na biyu yana da raunin da ya dace da jirgin ruwa kuma saboda wari, an binne duka whales biyu daga baya a watan Mayu. {{Wide image|Pacifica Pano 2.jpg|800px|From atop Mori Point, a view of the coast looking south}} == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An nuna Mori Point a cikin yanayin ƙarshe daga fim din 1971 ''Harold da Maude'' . Wani Jaguar E-Type na musamman, wanda aka gyara don yayi kama da motar gawa, an kore shi daga dutsen, ya sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meretzky, Steve |author-link=Steve Meretzky |date=April 2013 |title=The cliff where Harold drives his car over the edge |url=http://www.boffo.us/haroldandmaude/cliff.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=The Harold and Maude Project}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OIb-P7KPIrM|Harold & Maude Final Scene}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ca5rhdqo7g51j3n5sr2vxewup6hc7qp 915434 915433 2026-09-03T12:32:40Z Pharouqenr 25549 915434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mori Point wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman kadada 110 (0.4 ) wanda ke cikin Pacifica, [[California]], wanda yake wani ɓangare na Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Mori Point kanta bluff ne kusa da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da bakin tekun. Baya ga bluff da ridge, Mori Point ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan tafkuna da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Hanyoyi, da yawa da aka gina, sun haɗa ridgeline zuwa ƙofofin wurin shakatawa da kuma rairayin bakin teku na Sharp Park. Wani bangare na California Coastal Trail zai ratsa Mori Point. Tafkunan da wuraren da ke cikin Mori Point suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga kwayar cutar California da ke fuskantar barazana da maciji na San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |title=San Francisco Garter Snake |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/conservation/plants-animals/endangered-species/san-fancisco-garter-snake.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Mori Point kuma yana da tsire-tsire na arewacin bakin teku da kuma mazaunin California a yankunan da ke kan tudu, kuma an san shi sosai da nune-nunen fure na daji. Gidan shakatawa yana da iyaka da Laguna Salada Marsh da Sharp Park Municipal Golf Course zuwa arewa; da Highway 1 da Sweeney Ridge zuwa gabas; da kuma Calera Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant zuwa kudu. == Tarihi == Wani binciken archaeological a shekarar 1969 ya bayyana wani harsashi a Mori Point, wanda ke nuna mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurka kafin Columbus. Dutsen dutse a Mori Point 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne suka haƙa shi kuma, daga baya, Mutanen Espanya. Francisco Sanchez ya karbi <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Rancho San Pedro</i></nowiki> a cikin 1839 a lokacin Rancho, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin Pacifica na yanzu, gami da ƙasar da daga baya za a kira Mori Point.<ref name="Postel-199" /> Stefano Mori da iyalinsa ne suka sayi ƙasar da Mori Point ke zaune a yanzu a cikin 1888, waɗanda ke gudanar da gona da ranch a wurin.<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2008 |title=Mori Point |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216212725/http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Gidan dafa abinci, wanda aka gina don ciyar da ma'aikata, daga ƙarshe ya zama Mori Point Inn, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1965. Takamaiman ranar da aka kafa shi yana cikin tambaya, amma rahotanni na jarida daga 1910 sun ambaci Steve Mori a matsayin manajan Inn a cikin 1910. A lokacin haramtacciyar doka, Inn sanannen sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. [[Fayil:Fishing_village_on_the_ocean_south_of_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙauyen kamun kifi a bakin tekun Pacific. Hoton Dorothea Lange don Hukumar Tsaro ta Noma (1938) ]] An yi amfani da dutse mai laushi daga Rockaway Quarry a matsayin hanya mai laushi don Ocean Shore Railroad da sake gina [[San Francisco]] bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 1906. Hanyar 1, wacce ta raba Mori Point daga Sweeney Ridge, ta mamaye wani yanke da aka fara niyya don karɓar Ocean Shore Railroad. Hoton 1938 na Dorothea Lange ya nuna ƙauyen kamun kifi da dutsen dutse a bango. A cikin shekarun 1920, masu sayar da kaya sun yi amfani da shafin don kawo barasa a cikin Bay Area. Jami'an Tarayya sun kwace shari'o'i 24,000 na whiskey wanda ya kai US $ 2,000,000 (daidai da $ 37,790,000 a 2025) a 1923 daga gonar Jack Mori, amma Ray (ko Rey) Mori shine kadai dangin da aka kama saboda laifuka masu alaƙa da barasa a lokacin haramtacciyar doka. An kama Ray a shekara ta 1929 saboda ba da abin sha mai barasa <ref name="Postel-228" /> a Francisco Sanchez Adobe, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin gidan cin abinci a saman kuma a ɓoye a matsayin speakeasy da bordello . [1] Ya sami watanni huɗu na gwaji da tarar $ 225. Ray da matarsa Marie sun karɓi aikin masaukin a shekara ta 1932, an ruwaito cewa saboda jami'an tarayya suna matsawa Jack.<ref name="Postel-229" /> An rufe Inn a 1965 kuma ya ƙone a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1966, watanni uku kawai bayan ya fita daga kasuwanci. <ref name="CultHist">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mori Point: Cultural History |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031601/http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-13 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Bayan da aka rufe Inn a shekarar 1965, an yi amfani da tuddai don tseren babur <ref name="CultHist"/> da kuma yashi, suna haifar da alamomi a kan tuddai waɗanda har yanzu suna bayyane. An gabatar da ci gaba a cikin 1984 kuma Majalisar Birnin Pacifica ta amince da shi a cikin 1988. Ci gaban zai kunshi gidaje 60 na iyali ɗaya, filin wasan nuna doki, da otal mai ɗakuna 275 da cibiyar taro. Kungiyar "Pacificans for Mori Point" ta shigar da kara don toshe ci gaban, ta cajin rahoton tasirin muhalli bai cika ba. <ref name="CultHist" /> Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta buga Nazarin Iyakokin Pacifica a shekarar 1998, wanda ya gano filaye da dama a Pacifica da take son ƙarawa a GGNRA. Jimillar ƙarin filaye da aka tsara shine filaye goma sha biyar da jimillar eka 1,075 (hekta 435), gami da yankin Mori Point, kuma idan aka kammala, zai haifar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan yankin Birnin Pacifica da Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2000, an yi gwanjon Mori Point, kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Pacifica, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Jama'a sun ƙaddamar da kamfen na siyan kadarorin don adanawa tare da nasarar tayin dala miliyan 3,300,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 6,170,000 a shekarar 2025). An sayi kadarorin a gwanjon jama'a kuma aka ba su kyauta ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka ƙara su ga GGNRA.. <ref name="NPS"/><ref name="NPS-2004">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2004 |title=Mori Point |url=http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722010643/http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2004 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an haƙa tafkuna biyu a gefen arewacin shirin Mori Point don dawo da mazaunin kwari masu jan kafafu da kwari na bishiyar Pacific, suna fatan kafa yankunan kwari da kuma jawo hankalin masu cin su, maciji na San Francisco. An hango kwai na kwaya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2005 kuma an ga maciji suna cin abinci kusa da tafkuna a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="SFG-080426" /> A cikin Fall of 2007, Mori Point Project, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikata daga Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, da masu sa kai, sun kammala cire ƙasa da aka gurɓata da man fetur, ƙirƙirar sabon tafki da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma sabuwar hanya tare da matakan samun dama da ake kira "Bootlegger's Steps" har zuwa saman Mori Point bluff.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett, Susie |date=21 October 2007 |title=Mori's Warriors: November 10 Next Work Party in Pacifica's Own National Park |url=http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=Pacifica Riptide [blog] |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192137/http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Beached_Sperm_Whale_at_Mori_Point,_Pacifica_(17181158012).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mutuwar sperm whale a bakin rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point (Afrilu 2015) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, wani nau'in sperm whale mai tsawon mita wanke a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point . Kodayake whale ya lalace, binciken gawa ya kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kamar cututtuka, shekaru, harin shark, ko kuma jirgin ruwa ya buge shi. Whale na biyu, mai tsawon mita {{Convert|32|ft}} (9.8 , ya wanke kawai 0.25 mil (0.40 arewacin sperm whale makonni uku bayan haka a Sharp Park Beach. Whale na biyu yana da raunin da ya dace da jirgin ruwa kuma saboda wari, an binne duka whales biyu daga baya a watan Mayu. {{Wide image|Pacifica Pano 2.jpg|800px|From atop Mori Point, a view of the coast looking south}} == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An nuna Mori Point a cikin yanayin ƙarshe daga fim din 1971 ''Harold da Maude'' . Wani Jaguar E-Type na musamman, wanda aka gyara don yayi kama da motar gawa, an kore shi daga dutsen, ya sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meretzky, Steve |author-link=Steve Meretzky |date=April 2013 |title=The cliff where Harold drives his car over the edge |url=http://www.boffo.us/haroldandmaude/cliff.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=The Harold and Maude Project}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OIb-P7KPIrM|Harold & Maude Final Scene}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p6jsk3wb6tz1mawc2g31h2ltpz2l1h2 915435 915434 2026-09-03T12:33:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 915435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mori Point''' wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman kadada 110 (0.4 ) wanda ke cikin Pacifica, [[California]], wanda yake wani ɓangare na Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Mori Point kanta bluff ne kusa da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da bakin tekun. Baya ga bluff da ridge, Mori Point ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan tafkuna da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Hanyoyi, da yawa da aka gina, sun haɗa ridgeline zuwa ƙofofin wurin shakatawa da kuma rairayin bakin teku na Sharp Park. Wani bangare na California Coastal Trail zai ratsa Mori Point. Tafkunan da wuraren da ke cikin Mori Point suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga kwayar cutar California da ke fuskantar barazana da maciji na San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |title=San Francisco Garter Snake |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/conservation/plants-animals/endangered-species/san-fancisco-garter-snake.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Mori Point kuma yana da tsire-tsire na arewacin bakin teku da kuma mazaunin California a yankunan da ke kan tudu, kuma an san shi sosai da nune-nunen fure na daji. Gidan shakatawa yana da iyaka da Laguna Salada Marsh da Sharp Park Municipal Golf Course zuwa arewa; da Highway 1 da Sweeney Ridge zuwa gabas; da kuma Calera Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant zuwa kudu. == Tarihi == Wani binciken archaeological a shekarar 1969 ya bayyana wani harsashi a Mori Point, wanda ke nuna mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurka kafin Columbus. Dutsen dutse a Mori Point 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne suka haƙa shi kuma, daga baya, Mutanen Espanya. Francisco Sanchez ya karbi <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Rancho San Pedro</i></nowiki> a cikin 1839 a lokacin Rancho, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin Pacifica na yanzu, gami da ƙasar da daga baya za a kira Mori Point.<ref name="Postel-199" /> Stefano Mori da iyalinsa ne suka sayi ƙasar da Mori Point ke zaune a yanzu a cikin 1888, waɗanda ke gudanar da gona da ranch a wurin.<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2008 |title=Mori Point |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216212725/http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Gidan dafa abinci, wanda aka gina don ciyar da ma'aikata, daga ƙarshe ya zama Mori Point Inn, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1965. Takamaiman ranar da aka kafa shi yana cikin tambaya, amma rahotanni na jarida daga 1910 sun ambaci Steve Mori a matsayin manajan Inn a cikin 1910. A lokacin haramtacciyar doka, Inn sanannen sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. [[Fayil:Fishing_village_on_the_ocean_south_of_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙauyen kamun kifi a bakin tekun Pacific. Hoton Dorothea Lange don Hukumar Tsaro ta Noma (1938) ]] An yi amfani da dutse mai laushi daga Rockaway Quarry a matsayin hanya mai laushi don Ocean Shore Railroad da sake gina [[San Francisco]] bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 1906. Hanyar 1, wacce ta raba Mori Point daga Sweeney Ridge, ta mamaye wani yanke da aka fara niyya don karɓar Ocean Shore Railroad. Hoton 1938 na Dorothea Lange ya nuna ƙauyen kamun kifi da dutsen dutse a bango. A cikin shekarun 1920, masu sayar da kaya sun yi amfani da shafin don kawo barasa a cikin Bay Area. Jami'an Tarayya sun kwace shari'o'i 24,000 na whiskey wanda ya kai US $ 2,000,000 (daidai da $ 37,790,000 a 2025) a 1923 daga gonar Jack Mori, amma Ray (ko Rey) Mori shine kadai dangin da aka kama saboda laifuka masu alaƙa da barasa a lokacin haramtacciyar doka. An kama Ray a shekara ta 1929 saboda ba da abin sha mai barasa <ref name="Postel-228" /> a Francisco Sanchez Adobe, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin gidan cin abinci a saman kuma a ɓoye a matsayin speakeasy da bordello . [1] Ya sami watanni huɗu na gwaji da tarar $ 225. Ray da matarsa Marie sun karɓi aikin masaukin a shekara ta 1932, an ruwaito cewa saboda jami'an tarayya suna matsawa Jack.<ref name="Postel-229" /> An rufe Inn a 1965 kuma ya ƙone a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1966, watanni uku kawai bayan ya fita daga kasuwanci. <ref name="CultHist">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mori Point: Cultural History |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031601/http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-13 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Bayan da aka rufe Inn a shekarar 1965, an yi amfani da tuddai don tseren babur <ref name="CultHist"/> da kuma yashi, suna haifar da alamomi a kan tuddai waɗanda har yanzu suna bayyane. An gabatar da ci gaba a cikin 1984 kuma Majalisar Birnin Pacifica ta amince da shi a cikin 1988. Ci gaban zai kunshi gidaje 60 na iyali ɗaya, filin wasan nuna doki, da otal mai ɗakuna 275 da cibiyar taro. Kungiyar "Pacificans for Mori Point" ta shigar da kara don toshe ci gaban, ta cajin rahoton tasirin muhalli bai cika ba. <ref name="CultHist" /> Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta buga Nazarin Iyakokin Pacifica a shekarar 1998, wanda ya gano filaye da dama a Pacifica da take son ƙarawa a GGNRA. Jimillar ƙarin filaye da aka tsara shine filaye goma sha biyar da jimillar eka 1,075 (hekta 435), gami da yankin Mori Point, kuma idan aka kammala, zai haifar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan yankin Birnin Pacifica da Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2000, an yi gwanjon Mori Point, kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Pacifica, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Jama'a sun ƙaddamar da kamfen na siyan kadarorin don adanawa tare da nasarar tayin dala miliyan 3,300,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 6,170,000 a shekarar 2025). An sayi kadarorin a gwanjon jama'a kuma aka ba su kyauta ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka ƙara su ga GGNRA.. <ref name="NPS"/><ref name="NPS-2004">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2004 |title=Mori Point |url=http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722010643/http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2004 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an haƙa tafkuna biyu a gefen arewacin shirin Mori Point don dawo da mazaunin kwari masu jan kafafu da kwari na bishiyar Pacific, suna fatan kafa yankunan kwari da kuma jawo hankalin masu cin su, maciji na San Francisco. An hango kwai na kwaya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2005 kuma an ga maciji suna cin abinci kusa da tafkuna a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="SFG-080426" /> A cikin Fall of 2007, Mori Point Project, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikata daga Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, da masu sa kai, sun kammala cire ƙasa da aka gurɓata da man fetur, ƙirƙirar sabon tafki da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma sabuwar hanya tare da matakan samun dama da ake kira "Bootlegger's Steps" har zuwa saman Mori Point bluff.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett, Susie |date=21 October 2007 |title=Mori's Warriors: November 10 Next Work Party in Pacifica's Own National Park |url=http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=Pacifica Riptide [blog] |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192137/http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Beached_Sperm_Whale_at_Mori_Point,_Pacifica_(17181158012).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mutuwar sperm whale a bakin rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point (Afrilu 2015) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, wani nau'in sperm whale mai tsawon mita wanke a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point . Kodayake whale ya lalace, binciken gawa ya kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kamar cututtuka, shekaru, harin shark, ko kuma jirgin ruwa ya buge shi. Whale na biyu, mai tsawon mita {{Convert|32|ft}} (9.8 , ya wanke kawai 0.25 mil (0.40 arewacin sperm whale makonni uku bayan haka a Sharp Park Beach. Whale na biyu yana da raunin da ya dace da jirgin ruwa kuma saboda wari, an binne duka whales biyu daga baya a watan Mayu. {{Wide image|Pacifica Pano 2.jpg|800px|From atop Mori Point, a view of the coast looking south}} == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An nuna Mori Point a cikin yanayin ƙarshe daga fim din 1971 ''Harold da Maude'' . Wani Jaguar E-Type na musamman, wanda aka gyara don yayi kama da motar gawa, an kore shi daga dutsen, ya sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meretzky, Steve |author-link=Steve Meretzky |date=April 2013 |title=The cliff where Harold drives his car over the edge |url=http://www.boffo.us/haroldandmaude/cliff.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=The Harold and Maude Project}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OIb-P7KPIrM|Harold & Maude Final Scene}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ox113vv0m5kncsgc6rul42jur2jdwke 915436 915435 2026-09-03T12:33:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 Pharouqenr moved page [[Matsayi na Mori]] to [[Mori Point]] 915435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mori Point''' wani wurin shakatawa ne mai girman kadada 110 (0.4 ) wanda ke cikin Pacifica, [[California]], wanda yake wani ɓangare na Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA). Mori Point kanta bluff ne kusa da [[Pacific Ocean|Tekun Pacific]] wanda ke ba da ra'ayoyi masu kyau game da bakin tekun. Baya ga bluff da ridge, Mori Point ya ƙunshi wasu ƙananan tafkuna da wuraren da ke da ruwa. Hanyoyi, da yawa da aka gina, sun haɗa ridgeline zuwa ƙofofin wurin shakatawa da kuma rairayin bakin teku na Sharp Park. Wani bangare na California Coastal Trail zai ratsa Mori Point. Tafkunan da wuraren da ke cikin Mori Point suna aiki ne a matsayin wurin zama ga kwayar cutar California da ke fuskantar barazana da maciji na San Francisco.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2016 |title=San Francisco Garter Snake |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/conservation/plants-animals/endangered-species/san-fancisco-garter-snake.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Mori Point kuma yana da tsire-tsire na arewacin bakin teku da kuma mazaunin California a yankunan da ke kan tudu, kuma an san shi sosai da nune-nunen fure na daji. Gidan shakatawa yana da iyaka da Laguna Salada Marsh da Sharp Park Municipal Golf Course zuwa arewa; da Highway 1 da Sweeney Ridge zuwa gabas; da kuma Calera Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant zuwa kudu. == Tarihi == Wani binciken archaeological a shekarar 1969 ya bayyana wani harsashi a Mori Point, wanda ke nuna mazaunin 'yan asalin Amurka kafin Columbus. Dutsen dutse a Mori Point 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ne suka haƙa shi kuma, daga baya, Mutanen Espanya. Francisco Sanchez ya karbi <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Rancho San Pedro</i></nowiki> a cikin 1839 a lokacin Rancho, wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin Pacifica na yanzu, gami da ƙasar da daga baya za a kira Mori Point.<ref name="Postel-199" /> Stefano Mori da iyalinsa ne suka sayi ƙasar da Mori Point ke zaune a yanzu a cikin 1888, waɗanda ke gudanar da gona da ranch a wurin.<ref name="NPS">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2008 |title=Mori Point |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216212725/http://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/upload/sb-mori-2008.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Gidan dafa abinci, wanda aka gina don ciyar da ma'aikata, daga ƙarshe ya zama Mori Point Inn, wanda ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa 1965. Takamaiman ranar da aka kafa shi yana cikin tambaya, amma rahotanni na jarida daga 1910 sun ambaci Steve Mori a matsayin manajan Inn a cikin 1910. A lokacin haramtacciyar doka, Inn sanannen sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. [[Fayil:Fishing_village_on_the_ocean_south_of_San_Francisco,_California.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Ƙauyen kamun kifi a bakin tekun Pacific. Hoton Dorothea Lange don Hukumar Tsaro ta Noma (1938) ]] An yi amfani da dutse mai laushi daga Rockaway Quarry a matsayin hanya mai laushi don Ocean Shore Railroad da sake gina [[San Francisco]] bayan Girgizar ƙasa ta 1906. Hanyar 1, wacce ta raba Mori Point daga Sweeney Ridge, ta mamaye wani yanke da aka fara niyya don karɓar Ocean Shore Railroad. Hoton 1938 na Dorothea Lange ya nuna ƙauyen kamun kifi da dutsen dutse a bango. A cikin shekarun 1920, masu sayar da kaya sun yi amfani da shafin don kawo barasa a cikin Bay Area. Jami'an Tarayya sun kwace shari'o'i 24,000 na whiskey wanda ya kai US $ 2,000,000 (daidai da $ 37,790,000 a 2025) a 1923 daga gonar Jack Mori, amma Ray (ko Rey) Mori shine kadai dangin da aka kama saboda laifuka masu alaƙa da barasa a lokacin haramtacciyar doka. An kama Ray a shekara ta 1929 saboda ba da abin sha mai barasa <ref name="Postel-228" /> a Francisco Sanchez Adobe, wanda aka yi aiki a matsayin gidan cin abinci a saman kuma a ɓoye a matsayin speakeasy da bordello . [1] Ya sami watanni huɗu na gwaji da tarar $ 225. Ray da matarsa Marie sun karɓi aikin masaukin a shekara ta 1932, an ruwaito cewa saboda jami'an tarayya suna matsawa Jack.<ref name="Postel-229" /> An rufe Inn a 1965 kuma ya ƙone a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu, 1966, watanni uku kawai bayan ya fita daga kasuwanci. <ref name="CultHist">{{Cite web |date=2007 |title=Mori Point: Cultural History |url=http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113031601/http://www.parksconservancy.org/assets/visit-your-parks/park-sites/pdfs/mori-point-cultural-history.pdf |archive-date=2017-01-13 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy}}</ref> Bayan da aka rufe Inn a shekarar 1965, an yi amfani da tuddai don tseren babur <ref name="CultHist"/> da kuma yashi, suna haifar da alamomi a kan tuddai waɗanda har yanzu suna bayyane. An gabatar da ci gaba a cikin 1984 kuma Majalisar Birnin Pacifica ta amince da shi a cikin 1988. Ci gaban zai kunshi gidaje 60 na iyali ɗaya, filin wasan nuna doki, da otal mai ɗakuna 275 da cibiyar taro. Kungiyar "Pacificans for Mori Point" ta shigar da kara don toshe ci gaban, ta cajin rahoton tasirin muhalli bai cika ba. <ref name="CultHist" /> Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta buga Nazarin Iyakokin Pacifica a shekarar 1998, wanda ya gano filaye da dama a Pacifica da take son ƙarawa a GGNRA. Jimillar ƙarin filaye da aka tsara shine filaye goma sha biyar da jimillar eka 1,075 (hekta 435), gami da yankin Mori Point, kuma idan aka kammala, zai haifar da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukkan yankin Birnin Pacifica da Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ke kula da shi. A shekara ta 2000, an yi gwanjon Mori Point, kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Pacifica, da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta California da kuma Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Jama'a sun ƙaddamar da kamfen na siyan kadarorin don adanawa tare da nasarar tayin dala miliyan 3,300,000 (daidai da dala miliyan 6,170,000 a shekarar 2025). An sayi kadarorin a gwanjon jama'a kuma aka ba su kyauta ga Gwamnatin Tarayya a shekarar 2002, lokacin da aka ƙara su ga GGNRA.. <ref name="NPS"/><ref name="NPS-2004">{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2004 |title=Mori Point |url=http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722010643/http://www.nps.gov/goga/maps/bulletins/sb-mori_point.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2004 |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, an haƙa tafkuna biyu a gefen arewacin shirin Mori Point don dawo da mazaunin kwari masu jan kafafu da kwari na bishiyar Pacific, suna fatan kafa yankunan kwari da kuma jawo hankalin masu cin su, maciji na San Francisco. An hango kwai na kwaya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2005 kuma an ga maciji suna cin abinci kusa da tafkuna a shekara ta 2007. <ref name="SFG-080426" /> A cikin Fall of 2007, Mori Point Project, wanda ya kunshi ma'aikata daga Golden Gate National Recreation Area, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, da masu sa kai, sun kammala cire ƙasa da aka gurɓata da man fetur, ƙirƙirar sabon tafki da wuraren da ke da ruwa da kuma sabuwar hanya tare da matakan samun dama da ake kira "Bootlegger's Steps" har zuwa saman Mori Point bluff.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bennett, Susie |date=21 October 2007 |title=Mori's Warriors: November 10 Next Work Party in Pacifica's Own National Park |url=http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |website=Pacifica Riptide [blog] |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192137/http://www.pacificariptide.com/pacifica_riptide/2007/10/mori-and-quarry.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Beached_Sperm_Whale_at_Mori_Point,_Pacifica_(17181158012).jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mutuwar sperm whale a bakin rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point (Afrilu 2015) ]] A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2015, wani nau'in sperm whale mai tsawon mita wanke a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa da Mori Point . Kodayake whale ya lalace, binciken gawa ya kawar da abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwa kamar cututtuka, shekaru, harin shark, ko kuma jirgin ruwa ya buge shi. Whale na biyu, mai tsawon mita {{Convert|32|ft}} (9.8 , ya wanke kawai 0.25 mil (0.40 arewacin sperm whale makonni uku bayan haka a Sharp Park Beach. Whale na biyu yana da raunin da ya dace da jirgin ruwa kuma saboda wari, an binne duka whales biyu daga baya a watan Mayu. {{Wide image|Pacifica Pano 2.jpg|800px|From atop Mori Point, a view of the coast looking south}} == A cikin al'adun gargajiya == An nuna Mori Point a cikin yanayin ƙarshe daga fim din 1971 ''Harold da Maude'' . Wani Jaguar E-Type na musamman, wanda aka gyara don yayi kama da motar gawa, an kore shi daga dutsen, ya sauka a kan rairayin bakin teku a ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meretzky, Steve |author-link=Steve Meretzky |date=April 2013 |title=The cliff where Harold drives his car over the edge |url=http://www.boffo.us/haroldandmaude/cliff.html |access-date=10 January 2017 |publisher=The Harold and Maude Project}}</ref><ref>{{YouTube|OIb-P7KPIrM|Harold & Maude Final Scene}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ox113vv0m5kncsgc6rul42jur2jdwke 0 155410 915842 849263 2026-09-03T22:04:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Awa Uma Kalu | honorific_suffix = SAN, FNIALS | caption = Awa Uma Kalu | birth_date = 9 March 1953 | birth_place = Ohafia, Abia State, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | education = Methodist College, Uzuakoli | alma_mater = University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University)<br>University of Lagos | occupation = Lawyer, Academic, Author | known_for = Legal Practice, Constitutional Law, Public Service | office = Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice, Abia State | term_start = 1999 | term_end = 2005 | profession = Lawyer }} '''Awa Uma Kalu''' SAN, FNIALS (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga Maris 1953) fitaccen lauya ne ɗan Najeriya, malamin shari'a, marubuci kuma tsohon Babban Lauyan Jihar Abia (Attorney-General and Commissioner for Justice). Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin Najeriya masu tasiri a fannin shari'a, ilimin doka da kuma gyaran tsarin shari'a. Haka kuma ya samu lambar girmamawa ta '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''' a shekarar 2000.<ref>{{cite news |title='The constitution we have at this time, as recognised by many constitutionalists, is not autochthonous' |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2 October 2018 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/the-constitution-we-have-at-this-time-as-recognised-by-many-constitutionalists-is-not-autochthonous/}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Awa Uma Kalu a garin Ohafia da ke Jihar Abia. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare da sakandare a Anglican Grammar School, Umuahia da kuma Methodist College, Uzuakoli. Daga bisani ya shiga Jami'ar Ife (wacce yanzu ake kira Obafemi Awolowo University) inda ya karanci fannin shari'a kuma ya kammala digirin LL.B a shekarar 1977. Bayan kammala karatun lauya a Nigerian Law School, an kira shi zuwa mashayar lauyoyi ta Najeriya a shekarar 1978. Ya kuma samu digirin LL.M daga Jami'ar Legas sannan daga baya ya samu digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin shari'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sun Award Winners 2023: Awa Uma Kalu, SAN: Lifetime Achievement Award |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=24 January 2024 |url=https://thesun.ng/the-sun-award-winners-2023-awa-uma-kalu-san-lifetime-achievement-award/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Awa Kalu, SAN a cherished diamond at 60 |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=2013 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/awa-kalu-san-a-cherished-diamond-at-60/}}</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Kalu ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin shari'a a Jami'ar Legas da kuma tsohuwar Imo State University da ke Okigwe (yanzu Abia State University, Uturu). A lokacin aikinsa na koyarwa ya koyar da darussa da dama da suka haɗa da Criminal Law, Law of Evidence da Law of Tort. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen horar da ɗaliban shari'a da dama waɗanda daga baya suka zama manyan lauyoyi, alkalai da malaman jami'a.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Sun Award Winners 2023: Awa Uma Kalu, SAN: Lifetime Achievement Award |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=24 January 2024 |url=https://thesun.ng/the-sun-award-winners-2023-awa-uma-kalu-san-lifetime-achievement-award/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Nigeria’s post-election procedures deserve urgent attention – Awa Kalu, SAN |work=BusinessDay |date=13 November 2015 |url=https://businessday.ng/news/legal-business/article/nigerias-post-election-procedures-deserve-urgent-attention-awa-kalu-san/}}</ref> == Aikin gwamnati == Kafin ya zama Babban Lauyan Jihar Abia, Kalu ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimaki na musamman ga wasu manyan Ministocin Shari'a na Tarayyar Najeriya. Daga shekarar 1999 zuwa 2005 ya kasance Attorney-General kuma Commissioner for Justice na Jihar Abia. A wannan matsayi ya jagoranci gyare-gyare da dama a harkokin shari'a da gudanar da adalci a jihar, tare da wakiltar gwamnatin jihar a shari'o'in da suka shafi kundin tsarin mulki da dimokuraɗiyya.<ref>{{cite news |title='The constitution we have at this time, as recognised by many constitutionalists, is not autochthonous' |work=The Guardian Nigeria |date=2 October 2018 |url=https://guardian.ng/features/law/the-constitution-we-have-at-this-time-as-recognised-by-many-constitutionalists-is-not-autochthonous/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Awa Kalu, SAN a cherished diamond at 60 (2) |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=21 March 2013 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/awa-kalu-san-a-cherished-diamond-at-60-2/}}</ref> == Aikin lauya == A shekarar 1986 ya kafa kamfanin lauyoyi mai suna '''Awa U. Kalu & Associates''', wanda daga baya ya zama '''Awa U. Kalu (SAN) & Partners'''. Kamfanin ya shahara wajen gudanar da manyan shari'o'i musamman a fannoni kamar dokokin kundin tsarin mulki, shari'o'in zaɓe, harkokin ma'aikata da kuma rikice-rikicen kasuwanci. Kalu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin Najeriya masu gogewa a fannin shari'a na sama da shekaru arba'in.<ref>{{cite news |title=Awa Uma Kalu SAN FNIALS |work=Awa U. Kalu (SAN) & Partners |url=https://auklegal.com.ng/personnel/awa-uma-kalu/ |access-date=2026-06-06 |archive-date=2025-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107065159/https://auklegal.com.ng/personnel/awa-uma-kalu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Our History |work=Awa U. Kalu (SAN) & Partners |url=https://auklegal.com.ng/our-history/ |access-date=2026-06-06 |archive-date=2025-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018110208/https://auklegal.com.ng/our-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rubuce-rubuce da gudummawa == Baya ga aikin lauya, Kalu marubuci ne kuma masani a fannin dokokin Najeriya. Ya wallafa litattafai, mujallu da takardun bincike masu yawa a kan tsarin mulki, haƙƙin ɗan adam da sauran fannoni na shari'a. Ya kuma kasance mai sharhi kan al'amuran shari'a da tsarin mulki a jaridu da dama na ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prison mgt by FG strange way of practising federalism – Kalu, SAN |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=30 May 2019 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/05/prison-mgt-by-fg-strange-way-of-practising-federalism-kalu-san/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Address judges’ welfare now or reduce justice to ‘merchantable commodity’— Awa Kalu, SAN |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=23 June 2022 |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/address-judges-welfare-now-or-reduce-justice-to-merchantable-commodity-awa-kalu-san/}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == A shekarar 2000 aka ba shi matsayin '''Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN)''', wanda shi ne mafi girman karramawa ga lauyoyi masu zaman kansu a Najeriya. Haka kuma ya kasance Fellow na Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (FNIALS), memba na Body of Benchers da kuma memba na Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee. A shekarar 2024 ya samu lambar yabo ta '''Lifetime Achievement Award''' daga jaridar ''The Sun'' saboda gudummawar da ya bayar ga harkokin shari'a da ilimi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Awa U. Kalu SAN FNIALS appointed member of the Legal Practitioners Privileges Committee |work=Awa U. Kalu (SAN) & Partners |date=2015 |url=https://auklegal.com.ng/awa-u-kalu-san-fnials-appointed-member-of-the-legal-practioners-privileges-committee/ |access-date=2026-06-06 |archive-date=2026-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260103052024/https://auklegal.com.ng/awa-u-kalu-san-fnials-appointed-member-of-the-legal-practioners-privileges-committee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Sun Award Winners 2023: Awa Uma Kalu, SAN: Lifetime Achievement Award |work=The Sun Nigeria |date=24 January 2024 |url=https://thesun.ng/the-sun-award-winners-2023-awa-uma-kalu-san-lifetime-achievement-award/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalu, Awa Uma}} [[Category:Nigerian lawyers]] [[Category:Senior Advocates of Nigeria]] [[Category:Nigerian academics]] [[Category:1953 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:People from Abia State]] [[Category:Obafemi Awolowo University alumni]] [[Category:University of Lagos alumni]] 42x2u3gao8cmlach18kr6270m97crpv 0 159112 915485 863092 2026-09-03T13:29:08Z Hafsah3639 35826 Gyara 915485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Andrew John Marshall''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1975) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga wa Norwich City, AFC Bournemouth, Gillingham, Ipswich Town, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Millwall, Coventry City da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 ta Ingila . Ya fara koyarwa, kuma ya kasance kocin masu tsaron gida a [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] (inda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci tare da Scott Marshall a 2015), Charlton Athletic <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2018 |title=Andy Marshall appointed as club's new Goalkeeper Coach |url=https://www.cafc.co.uk/news/view/5b335077c144b/andy-marshall-appointed-as-the-clubs-new-goalkeeper-coach |publisher=Charlton Athletic}}</ref> da Birmingham City . <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2021 |title=Football Restructure |url=https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2021/football-restructure/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630132638/https://www.bcfc.com/news/articles/2021/football-restructure/ |archive-date=30 June 2021 |access-date=29 June 2021 |publisher=Birmingham City F.C.}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Birnin Norwich === An haife shi a Bury, Greater Manchester, <ref name="Marshall Joins Bury Fight">{{Cite web |title=Marshall Joins Bury Fight - Ipswich Town News |url=https://www.twtd.co.uk/ipswich-town-news/2905/marshall-joins-bury-fight/onthisday}}</ref> Marshall ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai horo tare da Norwich City. Ya fara wasa na farko da ya yi nasara a ƙungiyar a ranar 27 ga watan Disamba shekarar 1994 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka buga a [[Nottingham Forest FC|Nottingham Forest]], bayan raunin da mai tsaron gida Bryan Gunn ya samu. Raunin Gunn ya hana shi buga wasa har tsawon sauran kakar wasa kuma Marshall ya buga mafi yawan wasannin da City ta rage a wannan kakar. An fitar da su daga gasar. An sake mayar da Gunn a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko a Carrow Road a farkon kakar wasa mai zuwa, kuma Marshall ya yi zaman aro a Bournemouth da Gillingham don ƙara ƙwarewarsa ta farko a ƙungiyar. Gunn ya kasance a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko har zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 1996-97, lokacin da aka cire shi a karon farko a rayuwarsa ta Norwich. Marshall ya yi amfani da damar don kafa kansa a matsayin ɗan wasa na ɗaya a Norwich, kuma duk da wahalar da yake sha wajen bugun ƙwallo - sau da yawa yana aika ƙwallon don jefa ƙwallo - ya zama ɗan wasa na farko kuma sanannen mutum a tsakanin magoya baya a lokacin da yake Carrow Road. Marshall ya ci gaba da bugawa Canaries wasanni 219. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] ==Manazarta== 9t6ev1rgkwejikrxak41v19c63j6e1a 0 162381 915941 888282 2026-09-04T06:09:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Branson Combs''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2000) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa na Jacksonville Jaguars na Ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|kwallon kafa]] ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Southern Illinois Salukis da Wake Forest Demon Deacons . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Combs a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 2000 a Evansville, Indiana ga Annette da Ronnie Combs . Ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Reitz Memorial inda ya kasance dan wasa uku na wasanni da ke wasa ga kungiyoyin Kwallon ƙafa na Memorial Tigers, [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] da baseball. Tsaya 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) kuma yana da nauyin 185 lbs (84 kg), Combs ya buga matsayi na mai karɓa da mai ba da layi a kwallon kafa, mai tsaro a kwando da kuma dan wasan waje a wasan baseball. A cikin kwallon kafa, an kira Combs Team All-SIAC na biyu a cikin 2016 da kuma Courier & Press All-Metro Co-Player of the Year a cikin 2018. 247Sports.com ta ba shi darajar taurari uku. A cikin babban lokacinsa, Combs ya kafa rikodin a duk rukunin karɓar ciki har da wucewa 75 da aka kama don yadudduka 1,517 da 24 touchdowns.<ref name="Evansville, Indiana LB Branson Combs">Sokeland, Kyle (April 26, 2025). [https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/2025/04/26/branson-combs-signs-jacksonville-jaguars-undrafted-free-agent-nfl-wake-forest-2025-draft/83271255007/ "Memorial grad Branson Combs to sign with Jacksonville Jaguars as undrafted free agent"]. ''Courier & Press''.com. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Kudancin Illinois === Combs ya shiga Jami'ar Kudancin Illinois a shekarar 2019 a matsayin sabon dan wasa. Ya shiga Salukis a matsayin mai karɓar wasanni 4. A cikin kakar 2020, Combs ya taka leda a dukkan wasanni 10 kuma ya fara 2 a kan Jihar North Dakota da Jihar Youngstown bi da bi. Ya sanya 5th a cikin tawagar tare da 12 kama, ciki har da 2 touchdowns. 2020 ita ce kakar wasa ta karshe da Combs zai yi wasa a matsayin mai karɓa mai yawa. Ya shiga Salukis a filin wasa a matsayin mai ba da layi don kakar 2021. A lokacin kakar, Combs ya buga wasanni 11 kuma ya fara 2, gami da wasanni da Jihar Missouri da Jihar North Dakota kuma ya kai 29 tackles. A lokacin kakar wasa ta biyu a 2022, Combs ya sanya na 2 a cikin tawagar a cikin tackles, rikodin 57. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tackle-for-loss a 5.5, kuma na 5 a cikin sacks a 2.5. Don wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi a dukkan wasanni 11 na kakar, an kira Combs na 2nd-Team All-MVFC. A cikin ƙaramin lokacinsa a 2023, Combs ya buga wasan farko a cikin dukkan wasanni 13. Ya yi rikodin kakar wasa mai girma na 12 a lokacin wasan da ya yi da Jihar Missouri. Combs ya gama kakar 2023 tare da jimlar 86 tackles, ana kiransa 2nd-Team All-MVFC na shekara ta biyu a jere. Yayinda ya halarci Kudancin Illinois, Combs ya fi dacewa da tallace-tallace.<ref name="Southern Illinois LB B. Combs">[https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Southern Illinois Salukis Profile]. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> === Dajin farkawa === Combs ya koma Jami'ar Wake Forest don kakar wasa ta shida da ta karshe ta kwallon kafa ta kwaleji. Ya shiga filin wasa tare da Demon Deacons a wasan da ya ci nasara a kan North Carolina A&T, inda ya gama wasan tare da jimlar tackles hudu da jaka daya. Combs ya ƙare kakar 2024 tare da farawa 10 daga cikin wasanni 11 da jimlar kakar wasa 96, ya sanya 2nd a cikin tawagar. Ya sanya na 4 a cikin tawagar tare da 6.0 tackles-for-loss. A kakar wasa ta farko kuma kawai tare da Wake Forest, an kira Combs zuwa All-ACC Second Team. == Ayyukan sana'a == {{NFL predraft|height ft=6|height in=3|weight=231|dash=4.67|ten split=1.53|twenty split=2.62|shuttle=4.41|cone drill=7.08|vertical=34.0|broad ft=10|broad in=2|bench=19|arm span=31 1/4|hand span=9|note=All values from [[Pro Day]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=1061461&DraftYear=2025 |title=Branson Combs College Football Profile |website=DraftScout.com |access-date=November 23, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |title=Branson Combs RAS |website=RAS.Football |access-date=November 23, 2025 |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404060055/https://ras.football/ras-information/?PlayerID=27675&ovl=Wake+Forest |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}A ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2025, Jacksonville Jaguars ta sanya hannu kan Combs a matsayin mai ba da kyauta bayan da aka tsara shirin NFL na 2025. Combs ya yi tarihin garin lokacin da ya zama dan wasa na biyu daga Evansville don shiga NFL tun lokacin da tsohon dan wasan makarantar sakandare na North Evansville Deke Cooper a 2007. Cooper kuma ya yi aiki tare da Jacksonville . An sake shi zuwa tawagar motsa jiki biyo bayan raguwar jerin sunayen da aka yi a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. A ranar 15 ga watan Nuwamba, an sanya hannu kan Combs a cikin jerin sunayen masu aiki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bretl |first=Paul |date=November 13, 2025 |title=Jaguars make 2 roster moves; including signing linebacker to 53-man roster |url=https://jaguarswire.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/jaguars/2025/11/13/jaguars-release-khalen-saunders-sign-branson-combs/87255593007/ |access-date=14 November 2025 |website=Jaguars Wire |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Combs ya yaba wa mahaifinsa saboda kasancewa da gudummawa ga ƙaunarsa da sha'awar kwallon kafa da wasanni gaba ɗaya. Ya kuma kira Luke Kuechly a matsayin dan wasan da shirye-shiryensa da nazarin kwallon kafa yake girmamawa sosai kuma yana sha'awarsa.<ref name="2025 NFL Draft Prospect">Berendzen, Justin (February 2025). [https://nfldraftdiamonds.com/2025/02/branson-combs/ "2025 NFL Draft Prospect Interview: Branson Combs, LB, Wake Forest University"]. ''NFL Draft Diamonds.com''. Retrieved August 29, 2025.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.jaguars.com/team/players-roster/branson-combs/ Bayanan Jaguars na NFL] * [https://www.espn.com.sg/nfl/player/_/id/4572704/branson-combs Bayanan ESPN] * [https://godeacs.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/8061 Wake Forest Deacons bio] * [https://siusalukis.com/sports/football/roster/branson-combs/7870 Kudancin Illinois Salukis bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] n7dcem1enoc81u5yqff9r39dwu0js9u 0 163058 915929 909135 2026-09-04T03:28:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bettina WitteVeen''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1958) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce, mai ɗaukar hoto da kuma mai shirya fina-finai 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamus. Tana haɗa hotuna, fina-finai, hotuna na tarihi da sassaka don ƙirƙirar manyan wurare waɗanda aka sanya a wuraren tarihi da suka shafi yaƙi a faɗin duniya. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi WitteVeen Bettina Sophie Beythan a Mannheim, [[Jamus]], a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 1958. Ta girma tare da iyayenta waɗanda suka rayu a lokacin hare-haren bam da sojojin ƙawance suka kai wa Mannheim a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] kuma ta ba ta waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru masu ban tausayi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Timm |first=Ulrike |date=2018-11-01 |title=New York artist Bettina WitteVeen: "It's about recognizing why we are at war" |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/new-yorker-kuenstlerin-bettina-witteveen-es-geht-darum-zu-100.html |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Deutschlandfunk Kulture (radio podcast)}}</ref> Tunawa da suka yi game da bala'in yaƙi ya tsara mata da fasaharta. Ta bar Turai bayan kammala karatun sakandare ta kuma yi tafiya zuwa abin da ta ɗauka a matsayin "makomar mafarkinta": Amurka tare da kiɗanta da ƙungiyoyinta na 'yanci. "Na yi matukar mamakin [[Martin Luther King Jr.|Martin Luther King,"]] in ji ta. "Na yi sha'awar 'yan asalin Arewacin Amurka. New York ta burge ni a matsayin kololuwar duniya. Amma kawai ina da wannan jin, ruhin da ya fito daga Amurka a lokacin, wannan jin daɗin 'yanci da 'yanci, da ikon zama kanka." <ref name=":0" /> WitteVeen ta kammala digirinta na farko a fannin nazarin Amurka da tarihi a Kwalejin Wellesley da ke Massachusetts a shekarar 1980 sannan ta yi karatun lauya a LMU Munich da ke [[München|Munich]], Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-15 |title=Wellesley Class of 1980 |url=https://alum.wellesley.edu/class-of-1980/news/latest-news/p/~board/1980-news/post/class-of-1980-winter-newsletter |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Wellesley Alumnae |archive-date=2024-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317192623/https://alum.wellesley.edu/class-of-1980/news/latest-news/p/~board/1980-news/post/class-of-1980-winter-newsletter |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-15 |title=II.II.I8 TWILIGHT - An art installation by Bettina WitteVeen |url=https://www.art-in-berlin.de/incbmeld.php?id=4830 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Art-in-Berlin}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin banki a wani kamfanin kuɗi kafin ta koma ga fasaha. Ita mai fasaha ce kuma mai ɗaukar hoto. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2016-10-25 |title=Bettina Witteveen's "5 Wounds" on View at Cathedral of St. John The Divine as Part of "The Christa Project" |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Bettina-Witteveens-5-Wounds-on-View-atCathedral-of-St-John-The-Divine-as-Part-of-The-Christa-Project-20161025 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Broadway World}}</ref> == Tushen fasaharta == WitteVeen, wacce take bin addinin Hindu- [[Buddha]], tana amfani da falsafar zaman lafiya don ƙirƙirar nune-nunen da ta bayyana a matsayin "layi mai kyau tsakanin firgici da tausayi." Tana yin bincike mai zurfi a faɗin duniya, tana ɗaukar shekaru tana ɗaukar hotunan batutuwa da kuma tattara bayanai don hotunan [[tarihi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lehrer |first=Adam |date=2015-09-22 |title=Review: Bettina WitteVeen "When We Were Soldiers .... Once and Young" art installation at the Brooklyn Navy Yard |url=https://autre.love/this-and-that-main/2015/9/22/review-bettina-witteveen-when-we-were-soldiersonce-and-young-art-installation-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Autre}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Kouri |first=Nicole |date=2015-09-28 |title=Bettina WitteVeen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital Building |url=https://museemagazine.com/culture/art-2/features/bettina-witteveen-when-we-were-soldiers-once-and-young-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-hospital-building?rq=bettina%20witteveen |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Musee magazine}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-02 |title=The Christa Project: Manifesting Divine Bodies |url=https://www.artforum.com/uploads/guide.003/id29515/press_release.pdf |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Artforum (press release) |archive-date=2021-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707065339/https://www.artforum.com/uploads/guide.003/id29515/press_release.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> WitteVeen ta ƙirƙiri abin da ta kira "waƙoƙin gani," manyan kayan aikin fasaha ta amfani da [[Hoto|hotuna]], [[sauti]], [[bidiyo]] da sassaka masu launi da baƙi da fari. Ta shahara da ayyukan gine-gine masu girma dabam-dabam a wuraren da yaƙi ya daidaita waɗanda ke ɗauke da "ruhin wuri," kamar yadda wani mai suka ya bayyana. A mafi yawan lokuta, ayyukanta suna cikin waɗanda aka fara sanyawa a wuraren baje kolin da ba na al'ada ba. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-19 |title="The Big Picture: Photography's Moment" |url=https://photography-now.com/exhibition/157204 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=photography-now.com}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2015-02-16 |title=Sacred Sister |url=https://www.westsidespirit.com/news/sacred-sister-PXNP1320060628306289980 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=The Spirit}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-17 |title=Bettina WitteVeen, Götterfunken feuertrunken der Erlkönig: whiteout |url=https://photography-now.com/exhibition/132640 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=photography-now.com}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wardle |first=Heather |date=2015-09-15 |title=Buddhist artist creates anti-war installation in Brooklyn |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/buddhist-artist-creates-anti-war-installation-in-brooklyn/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Lion's Roar}}</ref><ref name=":21">{{Cite web |last=Plitt |first=Amy |date=2015-09-22 |title=Go Inside the Brooklyn Navy Yard's Crumbling Hospital Building |url=https://ny.curbed.com/2015/9/22/9918754/go-inside-the-brooklyn-navy-yards-crumbling-hospital-building |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225101515/http://ny.curbed.com/2015/9/22/9918754/go-inside-the-brooklyn-navy-yards-crumbling-hospital-building |archive-date=February 25, 2016 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Curbed New York}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |date=2015-10-24 |title=Warfare is a tragic aberration ... |url=https://www.exberliner.com/berlin/warfare-is-a-tragic-aberration-of-the-neurotic-aspects-of-a-society/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Exberliner}}</ref> "Ba mu da wata alaƙa da yaƙi," in ji WitteVeen. "Yaƙi wani mummunan koma-baya ne ga ɓangarorin da ke da alaƙa da jijiyoyin jiki na al'umma. ... Kamar masu kawar da bauta waɗanda suka buga hotuna masu raɗaɗi don nuna rashin tausayin bauta da kuma tara goyon baya, ina nuna gaskiyar da kuma barnar yaƙi." <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2015-09-19 |title="When We Were Soldiers... Once and Young," a photographic installation by Bettina WitteVeen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital Building, September 19 – October 24 |url=https://artssummary.com/2015/09/19/when-we-were-soldiers-once-and-young-a-photographic-installation-by-bettina-witteveen-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-hospital-building-september-19-october-24/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Arts Summary: A Visual Journal}}</ref> Ta yi tafiye-tafiye zuwa tsoffin sansanonin kurkuku, wuraren yaƙi, wuraren aikin soja, sansanonin tsare mutane, sansanonin sake ilmantar da su, wuraren tsare mutane da kuma wuraren tunawa a [[Afirka]], [[Amurka]], [[Turai]] da [[Asiya]] . Don ɗaukar hoto da kayan aikinta, ta zaɓi wurare da tashin hankali, ɓarna da yaƙi suka shafa - babban jigon ayyukanta. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Haber |first=John |date=2015-09-22 |title=Bettina WitteVeen, Walid Raad, and the Art of War |url=https://www.haberarts.com/wittev.htm |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=haberarts.com}}</ref> Tana kuma rubuta al'adun mutane a ƙauyuka masu nisa a kusurwoyi daban-daban na duniya. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Bettina WitteVeen |url=https://www.susangrantlewin.com/bettina-witteveen |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=susangrantlewin.com}}</ref> <ref name=":8"/> <ref name=":13"/> WitteVeen tana amfani da sabbin hotuna guda biyu da ta ɗauka tare da kyamararta ta Hasselbad CM 500 mai kama da juna da kuma hotunan tarihi. Ta sake gyara hotunan tarihin sosai har suka ƙare a matsayin sabbin hotuna. Wata mai sharhi ta lura da tasirin hotunanta da aka gyara a cikin shigarwarta ta 2015 a Asibitin Yaƙin Ruwa na Brooklyn (NY) da aka rufe: Ta "sake gyara hotunan tarihin don rage takamaiman bayanai, ta zaɓi rashin tabbas maimakon firgita da tsoro don shiga maimakon fushi, wani babban labari na fansa maimakon wani editan yaƙi da yaƙi kawai." <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Riley II |first=Charles A. |date=2015-09-22 |title=Heart of Darkness in WitteVeen Installation at Brooklyn Navy Yard |url=https://hamptonsarthub.com/2015/09/22/heart-of-darkness-in-witteveen-installation-at-brooklyn-navy-yard/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Hamptons Art Hub}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Cascone |first=Sarah |date=2015-10-23 |title=A Last Look at Bettina Witteveen's Haunting War Images at the Brooklyn Navy Yard |url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/last-look-bettina-witteveens-haunting-war-reflections-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-345311 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Artnet}}</ref> <ref name=":4"/> == Fina-finai == [[Fayil:Bettina_WitteVeen_Wünsdorf_Video_Art_Installation.jpg|alt=From the installation "Götterfunken feuertrunken der Erlkönig: whiteout" in Wunsdorf, Germany, 2018.|thumb| Daga shigarwa "Götterfunken feuertrunken der Erlkönig: whiteout" a Wünsdorf, Jamus, 2018.]] A shekarar 2018, WitteVeen ta mayar da hankali kan ayyukanta kan batutuwan kimiyya, fasaha da kuma fasahar kere-kere. Ta yi amfani da fim, daukar hoto da sassaka don samar da "Götterfunken feuertrunken der Erlkönig: whiteout." An kafa wannan tsari a Wünsdorf, Jamus, wani tsohon sansanin sojojin Soviet a kudancin Berlin. <ref name=":13"/> Aikin ya ƙunshi fim ɗin "Götterfunken," wanda ya ƙunshi jerin rawa da WitteVeen ya ɗauka kuma aka sanya shi a wani tsohon gidan wasan kwaikwayo. An nuna wani fim mai suna "Fueertrunken the Erlking " a cikin wani fim mai suna "Fueertrunken the Erlking," wanda aka sanya a cikin wani wurin waha na cikin gida wanda babu kowa a cikinsa a wani tsohon gidan wasanni. Ta kuma sanya kayan aikin "Whiteout" a cikin ginin, tare da hotunan yaƙin halittu da sinadarai, da kuma manhajar Big Brother. A waje, WitteVeen ya kewaye mutum-mutumin [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] da baƙar kwalta da waya mai kauri. <ref name=":13"/> <ref name=":3"/> An gabatar da "Götterfunken" a cikin baje kolin "Waƙoƙi Ba Tare da Kalmomi Ba: Fasahar Kiɗa" a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Nassau da ke Roslyn, NY, a cikin 2021. == Nunin da aka zaɓa == * Art Basel Miami Beach, 2003 <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Phillip |date=April 2004 |title=What We Saw ... at Art Basel Miami Beach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=asMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA15 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Dwell magazine via Google Books}}</ref> * Cibiyar Lacca ta Fasaha da Hoto, Faransa, 2005 <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |date=2005-07-23 |title=The Photographic Summer of Lectoure 2005 |url=https://centre-photo-lectoure.fr/festival/ete-photo-2005/ |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=Lectoure Center for Art and Photography |archive-date=2024-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320020400/https://centre-photo-lectoure.fr/festival/ete-photo-2005/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Art Miami, 2006 * Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Gundumar Nassau, 2021 <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-20 |title=Songs Without Words: The Art of Music |url=https://nassaumuseum.org/project/songs-without-words-the-art-of-music/ |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Nassau County Museum of Art}}</ref> == Tarin da aka zaɓa == * Gidan Tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha ta Amurka <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=1998 |title=Bettina WitteVeen "Krissy" |url=https://whitney.org/collection/works/17115 |access-date=2024-03-17 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jr0im8l82vbi5clbmnwicwevk3s9hhi 0 163065 915422 908730 2026-09-03T12:26:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexandra Bircken''' (1967) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus da ke zaune a [[Berlin]] da [[München|Munich]] . Bircken yana ƙirƙirar tarin abubuwa masu kama da na yau da kullun kamar itace, guntu-guntu da rassan itace. <ref name="friezeartfair.com">{{Cite web |date=July 16, 2011 |title=Frieze Art Fair &#124; Artists &#124; |url=http://www.friezeartfair.com/artists/yearbook/alexandra_bircken1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072631/http://www.friezeartfair.com/artists/yearbook/alexandra_bircken1 |archive-date=July 16, 2011}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;</sup>mYana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da ayyukan sana'o'in gargajiya da kuma duniyar halitta, inda take samo kayanta. <ref name="maisonpop.net">{{Cite web |title=Maisonpop.net |url=http://www.maisonpop.net/IMG/CP_Paysages_visites_engl.doc |access-date=2026-08-10 |archive-date=2007-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710102140/http://www.maisonpop.net/IMG/CP_Paysages_visites_engl.doc |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Bircken a Cologne, Jamus. An rene ta kusa da Remscheid. Mahaifinta injiniyan mota ne, amma daga baya ya yi aiki a kamfanin makamai na Mauser da Heckler & Koch. <ref name=":0" /> Bircken, wacce take cikin ƙungiyar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta Jamus, ta ƙi wannan sosai kuma ta ji kunyar mahaifinta. <ref name=":0" /> A makarantar sakandare, yana ɗan shekara 15, Bircken ya zama abokin Lutz Huelle da Wolfgang Tillmans . A shekarar 1992, Tillmans, wanda ke karatun daukar hoto a Bournemouth, ya yi amfani da Bircken da Huelle a wani daukar hoto mai suna ''Like Brother and Sister'' da aka buga a mujallar iD. Tun tana ƙarama, tana son zama likitan tiyata, domin tana da matsaloli a hanjinta wanda hakan ya sa ta sha'awar jiki. A shekarar 1991, Bircken ya koma Landan don yin karatun digiri na farko a fannin Zane-zanen Zamani daga Central Saint Martins, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1995. A lokacin da take can, tana zaune a Brixton. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa, Bircken ya kafa kamfanin tallan kayan kwalliya tare da wani abokin aikinsa, amma nan da nan ya fusata da ƙuntatawa da masana'antar kayan kwalliya ke yi. == Sana'a == Aikin Bircken ya bincika jiki, yadi, makanikai da kuma matsayin mata. Daga 2000 zuwa 2008, Bircken ya koyar a Central Saint Martins. Tun daga shekarar 2018, ta kasance farfesa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Fine Arts da ke Munich. Bircken ya sami kyautar zama a Kölnischer Kunstverein a Cologne (2004), Studio Voltaire a London (2011) da Majalisar Burtaniya a Harare, Zimbabwe (2014). <ref name="artnet.com">{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Bircken Biography – Alexandra Bircken on artnet |url=http://www.artnet.com/artists/alexandra-bircken/biography}}</ref> <ref name="British Council">{{Cite web |title=Basket Case II residencies - Announcements - Art & Education |url=https://www.artandeducation.net/announcements/107548/basket-case-ii-residencies |website=www.artandeducation.net}}</ref> <ref name="novembremagazine.com">{{Cite web |title=Novembre Global |url=http://novembremagazine.com/alexandra-bircken-by-alex-bennett |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414164418/http://novembremagazine.com/alexandra-bircken-by-alex-bennett |archive-date=2019-04-14 |access-date=2019-04-14 |website=novembremagazine.com}}</ref> == Nunin Nunin == An nuna ayyukan Bircken a Gidan Tarihi na Abteiberg (Mönchengladbach), Kunstverein Hannover, Sabon Gidan Tarihi (New York), Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Zimbabwe, Gidan Tarihi na Stedelijk (Amsterdam), Hepworth Wakefield (Yorkshire), da Gidan Tarihi na Whitechapel (London). A shekarar 2019, an haɗa ayyukanta a cikin baje kolin ƙungiyar, ''May You Live In Interesting Times'', wanda Ralph Rugoff ya shirya kuma aka gabatar a bikin baje kolin fasaha na duniya karo na 58 na La Biennale di Venezia a Italiya.<ref name="museum-abteiberg.de">{{Cite web |last=Riedel |first=Von Uwe |title=2017 ALEXANDRA BIRCKEN – Museum Abteiberg |url=https://museum-abteiberg.de/ausstellungen/rueckschau-ausstellungen/2020-16/2017-alexandra-bircken-2/}}</ref> <ref name="kunstverein-hannover.de">{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Bircken / Kunstverein Hannover |url=http://www.kunstverein-hannover.de/en/exhibitions/2016/alexandra-bircken.html}}</ref> <ref name="newmuseum.org">{{Cite web |title=Exhibitions |url=https://archive.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/918}}</ref> <ref name="britishcouncil.co.zw">{{Cite web |title=Basket Case II Exhibition in Bulawayo |url=https://www.britishcouncil.co.zw/events/basket-case-II-exhibition |access-date=2024-04-21 |archive-date=2024-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418170834/https://www.britishcouncil.co.zw/events/basket-case-II-exhibition |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="stedelijk.nl">{{Cite web |title=Alexandra bircken - units |url=https://www.stedelijk.nl/en/exhibitions/alexandra-bircken-units}}</ref> <ref name="artforum.com">{{Cite web |title=Venice Biennale Names Artists Participating in Fifty-Eighth Edition |url=https://www.artforum.com/news/venice-biennale-names-artists-participating-in-fifty-eighth-edition-78859 |website=www.artforum.com}}</ref> === Group exhibitions === {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;" ! style="width: 50pt;" |Date ! style="width: 250pt;" |Exhibition ! style="width: 300pt;" |Place |- |2019 |''May You Live In Interesting Times''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2019-03-20 |title=May You Live In Interesting Times |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-artists-venice-biennale |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=artsy.net}}</ref> |58th International Art Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia, Venice, IT |- |2019 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=- Daily Art Fair |url=https://dailyartfair.com/exhibition/9300/alexandra-bircken-oliver-payne-diane-simpson-group-show-herald-st |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=dailyartfair.com}}</ref> |Herald St, Museum St, London, UK |- |2019 |''Tainted Love (club edit)''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Tainted Love (club edit) |url=https://www.villa-arson.org/2018/12/tainted-love-south-club-edit/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=villa-arson.org |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919183932/https://www.villa-arson.org/2018/12/tainted-love-south-club-edit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Villa Arson, Nice, FR |- |2019 |''Sick and Desiring''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Sick and Desiring |url=http://alexandrabircken.com/biography |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Alexandra Bircken biography}}</ref> |Hordaland Kunstsenter, Bergen, NL |- |2018 |''Naked''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Naked |url=http://www.kranenburgh.nl/english/naked-the-vulnerable-body |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Museum Kranenburgh |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426120622/http://www.kranenburgh.nl/english/naked-the-vulnerable-body |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Museum Kranenburgh, Bergen, NL |- |2018 |''The Revolutionary Suicide Mechanised Regiment Band, Part 2''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Revolutionary Suicide Mechanised Regiment Band, Part 2 |url=http://www.robtufnell.com/Exhibitions/Revolutionary%20Suicide,%20Part%202/index.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=robtufnell.com |archive-date=28 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428201656/http://www.robtufnell.com/Exhibitions/Revolutionary%20Suicide,%20Part%202/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Rob Tufnell, London, UK |- |2018 |''ISelf Collection: Bumped Bodies''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=ISelf Collection: Bumped Bodies |url=https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/iself-collection-bumped-bodies/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Whitechapel Gallery}}</ref> |Whitechapel Gallery, London, UK |- |2018 |''Alexandra Bircken, Josh Brand, Matthew Darbyshire, Michael Dean, Cary Kwok, Amalia Pica, Nicole Wermers''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Alexandra Bircken, Josh Brand, Matthew Darbyshire, Michael Dean, Cary Kwok, Amalia Pica, Nicole Wermers |url=https://dailyartfair.com/exhibition/7960/alexandra-bircken-josh-brand-matthew-darbyshire-michael-dean-cary-kwok-amalia-pica-nicole-wermers-group-show-herald-st |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=dailyartfair.com}}</ref> |Herald St, Museum St, London, UK |- |2017 |''The problem with having a body / is that it always needs to be somewhere''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The problem with having a body / is that it always needs to be somewhere |url=https://frieze.com/event/problem-having-body-it-always-needs-be-somewhere?language=en |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=frieze.com}}</ref> |The Approach Gallery, London, UK |- |2016 |''Trolley''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Trolley |url=https://glasgowinternational.org/events/alexandra-bircken/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=glasgowinternational.org}}</ref> |Glasgow International, Tramway, Glasgow, UK |- |2015 |''Mapping Bucharest: Art, Memory and Revolution 1916–2016''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Mapping Bucharest: Art, Memory and Revolution 1916–2016 |url=https://www.mak.at/en/mapping_bucharest |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=MAK museum, Vienna}}</ref> |MAK – Austrian Museum of Contemporary Art, Vienna, AT |- |2015 |''Markus Amm, Alexandra Bircken, Michael Dean''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Markus Amm, Alexandra Bircken, Michael Dean |url=https://dailyartfair.com/exhibition/3958/markus-amm-alexandra-bircken-michael-dean-group-show-herald-st |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=dailyartfair.com}}</ref> |Herald St – Golden Sq, London, UK |- |2015 |''War Games''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=War Games |url=http://www.marlboroughcontemporary.com/exhibitions/war-games |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=marlboroughcontemporary.com}}</ref> |Marlborough Chelsea, New York, US |- |2015 |''Wo ist hier? #2: Raum und Gegenwart, Bildhauerei und Installation seit 2000''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Wo ist hier? #2: Raum und Gegenwart, Bildhauerei und Installation seit 2000 |url=https://kunstverein-reutlingen.de/wo-ist-hier-2-raum-und-gegenwart/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Kunstverein Reutlingen |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426125408/https://kunstverein-reutlingen.de/wo-ist-hier-2-raum-und-gegenwart/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Kunstverein Reutlingen, Reutlingen, DE |- |2015 |''Rates of Exchange''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Rates of Exchange |url=https://www.mutualart.com/Artist/Alexandra-Bircken/C827AACCE703EFAE/Biography |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=mutualart}}</ref> |Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb, HR |- |2015 |''Basket Case II''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Basket Case II |url=https://www.britishcouncil.co.zw/events/basket-case-II-exhibition |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=britishcouncil.co.zw |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426110126/https://www.britishcouncil.co.zw/events/basket-case-II-exhibition |url-status=dead }}</ref> |National Gallery, Bulawayo, ZW |- |2014 |''Basket Case II''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Basket Case II |url=https://nationalgalleryofzimbabwe.blogspot.com/2014/07/the-basket-case-ii_23.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=National Gallery of Zimbabwe}}</ref> |National Gallery of Zimbabwe, Harare, ZW |- |2014 |''Blicke! Koerper! Sensationen!''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Blicke! Koerper! Sensationen! |url=https://www.dhmd.de/ausstellungen/rueckblick/blicke-koerper-sensationen/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Deutsches Hygiene Museum}}</ref> |Deutsches Hygiene Museum, Dresden, DE |- |2014 |''Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit |url=https://www.art-in.de/ausstellung.php?id=4179 |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=art-in.de}}</ref> |Kunsthalle Wien, Vienna, AT |- |2014 |''The Great Outdoors''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Great Outdoors |url=http://alexandrabircken.com/biography |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Alexandra Bircken Biography}}</ref> |Schaufenster, Berlin, DE |- |2014 |''Humain non humain''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Humain non humain |url=https://www.fondation-entreprise-ricard.com/Expositions/view/100-humainnonhumain |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Fondation d’entreprise Ricard |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426132410/https://www.fondation-entreprise-ricard.com/Expositions/view/100-humainnonhumain |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Fondation d’entreprise Ricard, Paris, FR |- |2014 |''Die Antwort der Dinge''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Die Antwort der Dinge |url=https://artmap.com/lothringer13/exhibition/die-antwort-der-dinge-2014?print=do |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=artmap.com}}</ref> |Lothringer 13, Munich, DE |- |2014 |''Fiber in Form''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Fiber in Form |url=http://1995-2015.undo.net/it/mostra/181700 |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=1995-2015.undo.net}}</ref> |Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, US |- |2013 |''The Love of Things''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Love of Things |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/31894/the-love-of-things/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=e-flux}}</ref> |Kunsthalle Münster, Münster, DE |- |2013 |''Days in Lieu, curated by Rodolphe von Hofmannsthal''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Days in Lieu, curated by Rodolphe von Hofmannsthal |url=https://www.davidzwirner.com/exhibitions/upper-room-days-lieu |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=davidzwirner.com}}</ref> |David Zwirner, London, UK |- |2013 |''Nur hier – Sammlung zeitgenössischer Kunst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland / Ankäufe von 2007 – 2011''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Nur hier – Sammlung zeitgenössischer Kunst der Bundesrepublik Deutschland / Ankäufe von 2007 – 2011 |url=https://www.bundeskunsthalle.de/ausstellungen/archivierte-ausstellungen/nur-hier-sammlung-zeitgenoessischer-kunst-der-bundesrepublik-deutschland-ankaeufe-von-2007-bis-2011.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Bundeskunsthalle}}</ref> |Bundeskunsthalle, Bonn, DE |- |2012 |''A Disagreeable Object''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 October 2012 |title=A Disagreeable Object |url=http://moussemagazine.it/a-disagreeable-object/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Mousse Magazine}}</ref> |SculptureCenter, New York, US |- |2012 |''Everyday Abstract – Abstract Everyday''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Everyday Abstract – Abstract Everyday |url=http://curatorsintl.org/posts/matthew_higgs_everyday_abstract_abstract_everyday_reviewed_by_sara_blazej |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=curatorsintl |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426133448/http://curatorsintl.org/posts/matthew_higgs_everyday_abstract_abstract_everyday_reviewed_by_sara_blazej |url-status=dead }}</ref> |James Cohan Gallery, New York, US |- |2012 |''Neuralgie''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Neuralgie |url=http://www.kunstraum-duesseldorf.de/pages/ausstellungen/2012_neuralgie.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Kunstraum Düsseldorf}}</ref> |Kunstraum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, DE |- |2012 |''Made in Germany Zwei''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Made in Germany Zwei |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/34777/made-in-germany-zwei/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=e-flux}}</ref> |International Art in Germany, Sprengel Museum, Hannover, DE |- |2011 |''My Beautiful Mongo''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=My Beautiful Mongo |url=https://artmap.com/thomasbrambilla/exhibition/my-beautiful-mongo-2011 |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=artmap.com}}</ref> |Thomas Brambilla, Bergamo, IT |- |2011 |''Skulpturales Handeln''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Skulpturales Handeln |url=https://hausderkunst.de/en/exhibitions/skulpturales-handeln |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Haus der Kunst}}</ref> |Haus der Kunst, Munich, DE (cat) |- |2011 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Alexandra Bircken - Artist's Profile - the Saatchi Gallery |url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists_large_test/alexandra_bircken.htm |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=saatchi gallery}}</ref> |EX3 Centro per l'Arte Contemporanea, Florence, IT |- |2011 |''Mailles. Art en laine''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Mailles. Art en laine |url=https://slash-paris.com/en/evenements/mailles-art-en-laine |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=slash-paris}}</ref> |Maison du Danemark, Paris, FR |- |2011 |''Arthur Bokskamp-Stiftung''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Arthur Bokskamp-Stiftung |url=http://www.kimmerich.com/html/artists/alexandra-bircken/biography.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=kimmerich |archive-date=25 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425162407/http://www.kimmerich.com/html/artists/alexandra-bircken/biography.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Hohenlockstedt, DE |- |2011 |''Gesamtkunstwerk: New Art From Germany'' |Saatchi Gallery, London, UK |- |2011 |''Wash, then dance''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Wash, then dance |url=http://www.madeingermanyzwei.de/en/Artists/Alexandra-Bircken.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=madeingermanyzwei.de}}</ref> |Tinderbox, Hamburg, DE |- |2011 |''H x W x D''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=H x W x D |url=https://www.museumsverein-moenchengladbach.de/HTML/jahresgaben/jg_2017_Bircken.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=museumsverein-moenchengladbach.de}}</ref> |Wentrup, Berlin, DE |- |2010 |''Every Night, I go to Sleep''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Every Night, I go to Sleep |url=http://www.contemporaryartdaily.com/2010/10/everynight-i-go-to-sleep-at-modern-art/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Contemporary Art Daily}}</ref> |Modern Art, London, UK |- |2010 |''Undone''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Undone |url=https://www.henry-moore.org/whats-on/2010/09/29/undone-making-and-unmaking-in-contemporary-sculpture |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Henry Moore Institute}}</ref> |Henry Moore Institute, Leeds, UK |- |2010 |''Rive Droite / Rive Gauche''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Rive Droite / Rive Gauche |url=http://www.lespressesdureel.com/EN/ouvrage.php?id=1900&menu= |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=lespressesdureel}}</ref> |Paris, FR (cat) |- |2010 |''Feint Art''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Feint Art |url=https://www.badische-zeitung.de/ausstellungen/feint-art-im-kunstverein-freiburg--28408274.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=badische-zeitung.de}}</ref> |Kunstverein Freiburg, Freiburg, DE |- |2010 |''Same slight Slighter''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Same slight Slighter |url=http://www.lesliefritzgallery.com/the-same-slight-slighter |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=lesliefritzgallery.com |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426152111/http://www.lesliefritzgallery.com/the-same-slight-slighter |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Renwick Gallery, New York, US |- |2010 |''The Long Dark, curated by Michelle Cotton''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Long Dark, curated by Michelle Cotton |url=https://www.kettlesyard.co.uk/events/the-long-dark/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Kettle’s Yard |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426152116/https://www.kettlesyard.co.uk/events/the-long-dark/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge, UK |- |2010 |<ref name="saatchigallery.com">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Alexandra Bircken - Artist's Profile - the Saatchi Gallery |url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists/alexandra_bircken.htm |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=saatchigallery.com}}</ref> |Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf, DE |- |2010 |<ref name="saatchigallery.com" /> |Kimmerich Gallery, New York, US |- |2010 |''Neues Rheinland. Eine postironische Generation''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Neues Rheinland. Eine postironische Generation |url=http://www.museum-morsbroich.de/index.php?id=archiv&no_cache=1&tx_mbausstellungen_pi1%5Bexhibition%5D=44 |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Museum Morsbroich}}</ref> |Museum Morsbroich, Leverkusen, DE |- |2010 |''Folklore?''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Folklore? |url=https://www.cracalsace.com/en/exhibitions/folklore.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=CRAC Alsace |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426152115/https://www.cracalsace.com/en/exhibitions/folklore.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |CRAC Alsace, Altkirch, FR |- |2009 |''Your Gold Teeth II, curated by Todd Levin''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Your Gold Teeth II, curated by Todd Levin |url=http://artobserved.com/2009/07/go-see-new-york-your-gold-teeth-ii-curated-by-todd-levin-at-marianne-boesky-gallery-through-august-15-2009/ |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=artobserved.com}}</ref> |Marianne Boesky, New York, US |- |2009 |''Arrival Inside''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lowndes |first=Sarah |date=September 2009 |title=Arrival Inside |url=https://frieze.com/article/arrival-inside |journal=Frieze |issue=125 |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> |Mary Mary, Glasgow, UK |- |2009 |''The Long Dark, curated by Michelle Cotton''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 October 2009 |title=The Long Dark, curated by Michelle Cotton |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/oct/16/exhibitionist-art-shows-this-week |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=theguardian}}</ref> |The International 3, Manchester, UK |- |2008 |''Borders''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Borders |url=https://www.boijmans.nl/tentoonstellingen/borders |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen}}</ref> |Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam, NL |- |2008 |''Hooking Up, curated by Klaus Kertess''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Hooking Up, curated by Klaus Kertess |url=https://www.maryboonegallery.com/exhibition/389/press-release |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=Mary Boone}}</ref> |View 14, Mary Boone, New York, US |- |2008 |''Martian Museum of terrestrial Art, curated by Francesco Manacorda''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morton |first=Tom |date=5 June 2008 |title=Martian Museum of terrestrial Art, curated by Francesco Manacorda |url=https://frieze.com/article/martian-museum-terrestrial-art |journal=Frieze |issue=116 |access-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> |[[Barbican Centre|Barbican Art Gallery]], London, UK |- |2008 |''Paradies und zurück''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Paradies und zurück |url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists_large_test/alexandra_bircken.htm |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=saatchigallery.com}}</ref> |Zeitgenössische Kunst im Schloss Dyck, Jüchen, DE |- |2008 |''Anti-Baby Pill''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Anti-Baby Pill |url=https://marcellejoseph.com/usr/library/documents/main/119/alexandra-bircken_2013.pdf |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=marcellejoseph.com}}</ref> |Aktualisierungraum, Hamburg, DE |- |2008 |''Vom Gehen in viele Richtungen''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Vom Gehen in viele Richtungen |url=https://www.kunst-im-tunnel.de/vom-gehen-in-viele-richtungen.html |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=kunst-im-tunnel.de |archive-date=1 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140205/https://www.kunst-im-tunnel.de/vom-gehen-in-viele-richtungen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |701 e.V. zu Gast im KIT - Kunst im Tunnel, Düsseldorf, DE |- |2008 |<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=1st BRUSSELS BIENNIAL 2008 |url=https://artmap.com/brusselsbiennial/exhibition/1st-brussels-biennial-2008-2008 |access-date=26 April 2019 |website=artmap.com}}</ref> |1st Brussels Biennial, Brussels, BE |- |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1967]] jdddd0d1esiodhc2xlduullxjqdbgm5 0 163127 915715 894617 2026-09-03T18:52:45Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Antje Majewski''' (wadda aka fi sani da ''Ma-yev-ski'' ; an haife ta a shekara ta 1968) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce kuma mai zane ta zamani a Jamus. Aikinta na bincike ya haɗa fasaha, [[Ecology|muhalli]], [[ilimin ɗan adam]], da [[falsafa]], kuma sau da yawa yana faruwa ta hanyar ayyukan dogon lokaci waɗanda suka haɗa [[Painting|zane]] da [[fim]], shigarwa, da tsarin haɗin gwiwa. Majewski ya binciko alaƙar da ke tsakanin mutane, abubuwa, tsirrai, da tarihi, yana mai da hankali kan jigogi na sauyin muhalli, sauyin al'adu, da kuma ilimin gama gari. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eichler |first=Dominic |date=May 2010 |title=Viele Kerne |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/viele-kerne |journal=Frieze |issue=131 |access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref> Manyan ayyukanta sun haɗa da ''The World of Gimel'' (2009-wanda ke gudana), ''Apple.'' ''Gabatarwa.'' ''(Akai-akai da kuma akai-akai)'' (2010–2015), da ''Yadda ake magana da tsuntsaye, bishiyoyi, kifi, harsashi, macizai, bijimai da zakuna'' (2018). A shekarar 2023 ta gabatar da wani shiri mai suna ''The Man Who Disappeared / America'' a birnin neugerriemschneider, Berlin, wanda ke haɗa tarihin ƙaura da mulkin mallaka da zane [[Kirkirar Basira|mai amfani da fasahar wucin]] gadi. Majewski ta yi baje kolin a cibiyoyi da suka haɗa da [[Hamburger Bahnhof]], Kunsthaus Graz, da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, Antwerp, kuma ayyukanta suna cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na San Francisco , Łódź . Ita ce Farfesa a fannin Zane-zane a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Braunschweig. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Majewski a Marl, North Rhine-Westphalia, a shekarar 1968. Daga 1987 zuwa 1995 ta yi karatun tarihin fasaha, tarihi, da falsafa a Cologne, Berlin, da Florence. <ref name="Verlag für moderne Kunst">{{Cite book|edition=Adam}}</ref> == Aiki da ayyuka == Aikin Majewski ya haɗa da zane da ayyukan bincike na dogon lokaci waɗanda galibi suka haɗa da haɗin gwiwa da sauran masu fasaha, masana kimiyya da masu ilimi. Ayyukanta sun binciki yadda abubuwa ke gudana, sauyin muhalli, da kuma labaran al'adu na shuke-shuke, yanayin halittu da kayayyakin tarihi. === Zane === Majewski yana aiki ne musamman a fannin zane-zane, sau da yawa yana haɗa yanayin zane-zane na gaskiya da na surrealism . Zane-zanenta galibi suna nuna abubuwa kamar duwatsu, shuke-shuke, harsashi, da apples, waɗanda ke aiki a matsayin haruffa a cikin labaran da ke bayyana. Masu suka sun lura cewa hanyarta ta haɗa zane-zane da ilimin ɗan adam da muhalli, tana haɗa siffofin hoto na gargajiya da bincike kan tarihin al'adu da na halitta. === ''Apple.'' ''Gabatarwa.'' ''(Akai-akai da kuma sau da yawa)'' === A shekarar 2010, Majewski ya kafa ''kamfanin Apple.'' ''Gabatarwa.'' ''(Akai-akai da kuma akai-akai)'' tare da [[Paweł Freisler]], mai zane-zanen ra'ayi na Poland. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Antje|url-access=Sokołowska|oclc=Titz}}</ref> Aikin da har yanzu ake ci gaba da yi ya haɗa zane-zanenta na nau'ikan apple na tarihi da apples ɗin Freisler da aka sassaka, da fim ɗinta ''The Freedom of Apples'', da kuma bita da ayyukan shuka tare da al'ummomin yankin. An gabatar da shi a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha, Łódź, Gidan Tarihi na Abteiberg da ke Mönchengladbach, da sauran wurare. An buga wani littafi mai suna iri ɗaya a shekarar 2015 tare da gudummawar masu fasaha, masu kula da muhalli, da kuma ƙungiyoyin kare muhalli. === ''Yadda ake magana da tsuntsaye, bishiyoyi, kifi, harsashi, macizai, bijimai da zakoki'' === A shekarar 2018, Majewski ya gabatar da baje kolin kai tsaye ''na Yadda ake tattaunawa da tsuntsaye, bishiyoyi, kifi, harsashi, macizai, bijimai da zakuna'' a [[Hamburger Bahnhof]] da ke Berlin. <ref>{{Cite book|edition=Aleksandra}}</ref> Tare da zane-zanenta, fina-finai, da kuma ayyukanta, ta gayyaci gudummawa daga masu fasaha, ƙungiyoyin 'yan asalin ƙasar, da ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka daga [[Brazil]], [[Kamaru]], [[Sin|China]], [[Kolombiya|Colombia]], [[Poland]], [[Senegal]], da [[Hungariya|Hungary]] . Nunin ya yi magana ne game da sadarwa tsakanin nau'ikan halittu da sauyin muhalli, kuma ya nuna sha'awarta ta ƙirƙirar tsare-tsare masu tsari da haɗin gwiwa a cikin mahallin babban gabatarwar cibiya ɗaya. Masu ba da gudummawa sun haɗa da Agnieszka Brzeżańska & Ewa Ciepielewska, Carolina Caycedo, [[Paweł Freisler]], Olivier Guesselé-Garai, Tamás Kaszás, Paulo Nazareth, Guarani-Kaiowá & Luciana de Oliveira, Issa Samb, Ya Tanm da kuma Xu Tangue === ''Duniyar Gimel'' === Tun daga shekarar 2009, Majewski ke haɓaka ''The World of Gimel'', wani aiki na dogon lokaci wanda ke haɗa zane, fim, da bincike. An gabatar da wani muhimmin ɓangare na aikin a cikin baje kolin ''The World of Gimel: Yadda Ake Yin Magana Kan Abubuwa'' a Kunsthaus Graz (2011–2012). <ref name="Verlag für moderne Kunst"/> Aikin ya ta'allaka ne akan tarin abubuwa, gami da wani tauraron sama mai kama da taurari, wanda ke zama wurin farawa ga zane-zanenta, fina-finai, da rubuce-rubucenta. Ya ƙunshi gudummawar masu fasaha da masu nazari kamar [[Jimmie Durham]], Issa Samb, da [[Agnieszka Polska]] . ''Frieze'' ya bayyana aikin a matsayin binciken "yadda abubuwa ke magana" da kuma yadda tarihin al'adu ke cikin abubuwa. === ''Gidan Tarihi a cikin Gareji'' === A cikin 2014 Majewski, tare da mai kula da Sebastian Cichocki, sun gabatar ''da Gidan Tarihi a Garage'' a Deutsche Bank Kunsthalle, Berlin da Galerija Pola Magnetyczne a Warsaw. === ''Alamomina Masu Kyau'' === A lokacin kaka na 2008, Salzburger Kunstverein ta gabatar da ''Antje Majewski: My Very Gestures'', baje kolin zane na farko da mawakin ya yi a Austria. Nunin ya tattara ayyukan da suka shafi shekaru goma da suka gabata, suna binciken motsin jiki, rawa, bayyana fuska, da kuma suturar da aka yi amfani da ita. Majewski ta shahara da jerin zane-zanenta na gaskiya waɗanda suka yi magana game da jigogi na rayuwa kamar abota, soyayya, ɓoye sirri, da mutuwa, da kuma hanyoyin da mutane ke ci gaba da haɓaka dangane da al'umma, tarihi, da kuma ƙa'idodin zamantakewa. Da yawa daga cikin ayyukan an yi su ne bisa ga hotunan da aka shirya, hanyar da Majewski ta fara tun tana matashiya lokacin da ta ƙirƙiri labaran hotuna tare da 'yan uwanta mata. Don waɗannan hotunan ta tsara kayan sawa, saitin abubuwa, da fenti fuska, daga baya ta faɗaɗa hanyar zuwa ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai inda aka yi shirye-shiryen ta hanyar wasan kwaikwayo. A wurin zane- ''zanen My Very Gestures'', an sanya zane-zane, fina-finai, sassaka, da kayan ado a cikin tattaunawa, wanda hakan ya haifar da yanayi mai zurfi. An mayar da sassan gundumar bikin aure ta Berlin zuwa Salzburg tare da haɗin gwiwar mai zane a Berlin [[Juliane Solmsdorf]] . An yi nunin ne tare da wani littafi da Sternberg Press ta fitar a New York da Berlin. === ''Mutumin da Ya Bace / Amurka'' === A shekarar 2023, Majewski ya gabatar da ''The Man Who Disappeared / America'' a neugerriemschneider, Berlin, bayan zama a Villa Aurora da ke Los Angeles. An yi nunin ne bisa ga wasiƙun da kakan kakanta, mai zane Georg Pflugradt, ya rubuta. Majewski ya haɗa waɗannan majiyoyin da bidiyo yana bin diddigin tafiyarsa a juye a faɗin Amurka da kuma jerin zane-zanen da aka taimaka wa AI mai taken ''Hotunan da ba su da tabbas'' . ''ArtReview'' ya bayyana zane-zanen a matsayin "wani wuri tsakanin ban tsoro da rashin hankali, mai cike da sukar kai." == Sauran ayyuka == === Yi aiki tare da ƙungiyoyi === Majewski ya kasance memba na kafa ƙungiyoyin mata da haɗin gwiwa. A shekarar 2010 ta haɗu da ƙungiyar ''EFA im Garten'', wani aiki a Berlin wanda ya haɗa fasaha, muhalli, da kuma aikin lambu a cikin al'umma. A shekarar 2012 ta haɗu da kafa ƙungiyar FF, wacce ke aiki har zuwa 2015, wadda ta ƙirƙiro hanyoyin gwaji don tattaunawa, tantancewa, da kuma bincike na gama gari. ff ta shirya ''Temporäre Autonome Zone'' (2012–2014), wani wuri mai sassa da yawa, na wucin gadi a Vienna, Berlin da sauran wurare wanda ya dauki nauyin baje kolin da wasanni. An saka sunan ƙungiyar a cikin ''mujallar Missy'' saboda tsarinta na mata da haɗin gwiwa. === Ayyukan Gudanarwa === Majewski ya ƙaddamar da ayyukan haɗin gwiwa ciki har da ''Atomkrieg'' (tare da Ingo Niermann, Kunsthaus Dresden, 2004), ''Splendor Geometrik'' (tare da Anke Kempkes, Galerie Gisela Capitain, 2004), ''Temporäre Autonome Zone'' (tare da ff, 2012-2014), ''AFEARNG'' (Cibiyar Fasaha ta Times, Berlin, 2021), da ''Superhost: Antje Majewski'' ( Museum of Contemporary Art, Antwerp, 2024). === Koyarwa === Daga 2011 zuwa 2023 Majewski ya koyar da zane-zane a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Muthesius da ke Kiel. A shekarar 2023 aka naɗa ta farfesa a fannin zane a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Braunschweig . == Nunin Nunin == Majewski ya nuna a duniya, tare da solo nuna a Kunsthalle Basel, Kunsthaus Graz, [[Hamburger Bahnhof]] a Berlin, Salzburger Kunstverein, da kuma kasuwanci gallery neugerriemschneider, Berlin. Ta kuma halarci nune-nunen rukuni a manyan cibiyoyi, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, Antwerp, [[Martin-Gropius-Bau]] Berlin, Bundeskunsthalle Bonn, Kunstmuseum Thun, da KunstHausWien . == Ganewa == A 1998 Majewski ya karbi Lingener Kunstpreis. An tattauna aikinta a cikin wallafe-wallafen ciki har da Frieze (mujallar), Artforum, ArtReview, [[Missy Magazine]], Die Tageszeitung, da Berliner Morgenpost . == Ayyuka masu mahimmanci a cikin tarin jama'a == Ayyukanta suna cikin tarin: * Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na San Francisco (SFMOMA) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Majewski, Antje |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artist/antje-majewski/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=SFMOMA |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Muzeum Sztuki, Łódź == Rayuwa ta sirri == Majewski yana zaune kuma yana aiki a [[Berlin]] da Himmelpfort, Jamus. Mahaifinta, [[Frank Majewski]] (1941–2001), ƙwararren likitan yara ne kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar ɗan adam, wanda aka san shi da gano cututtuka kamar su Lenz–Majewski syndrome da kuma Majewski's polydactyly syndrome . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mvsh4skt7pfi7td3f1m7v5j66ue4lbd 0 163142 915595 894755 2026-09-03T16:15:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrea Geyer''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971 a Freiburg, [[Yammacin Jamus]] ) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta Jamus da Amurka wacce ke zaune kuma tana aiki a birnin New York. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography - Andrea Geyer - Artists - Galerie Thomas Zander |url=http://www.galeriezander.com/en/artist/andrea_geyer/biography |access-date=2017-03-25 |website=www.galeriezander.com |language=en}}</ref> Tare da mayar da hankali kan waɗanda suka gane ko kuma a wani lokaci aka gano su a matsayin mata, ayyukanta suna amfani da [[Photography|daukar hoto]], wasan kwaikwayo, [[bidiyo]], [[zane]] da [[Painting|zane]] don kunna damar da ke akwai takamammen abubuwan da suka faru, shafuka, ko tarihin rayuwa. <ref name="To Those Who Have Eyes To See">{{Cite web |title=To Those Who Have Eyes To See |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/those-who-have-eyes-see/ |access-date=2017-03-25 |website=SFMOMA |language=en}}</ref> Geyer ya mayar da hankali kan jigogi na [[jinsi]], aji, asalin ƙasa da kuma yadda ake tattaunawa akai-akai da sake fassara su bisa ga yanayin ma'anoni da abubuwan tunawa na al'adu akai-akai. Geyer ya yi baje kolin a cibiyoyi kamar Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na San Francisco (SFMOMA), MOMA, da Gidan Tarihi na Whitney . <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=andrea geyer cv |url=http://www.andreageyer.info/site/cv.htm |access-date=2017-03-25 |website=www.andreageyer.info}}</ref> Ta yi aiki tare da masu fasaha da dama kamar Wu Tsang, Simon J. Ortiz da Sharon Hayes (mai zane) == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == A shekarar 1991, Geyer ya halarci karatun zane-zane na asali a Kwalejin Fasaha Mai Zaman Kanta da ke Stuttgart, [[Jamus]] . Bayan shekara guda, ta ci gaba da karatun [[Photography|daukar hoto]] /zanen fina-finai a Fachhochschule Bielefeld. A shekarar 1998 Geyer ya sami takardar shaidar kammala karatun digiri a fannin Fasaha a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Braunschweig, Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |last=widewalls |title=Andrea Geyer |url=http://www.widewalls.ch/artist/andrea-geyer/ |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=WideWalls |language=en-US |archive-date=2017-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802150858/http://www.widewalls.ch/artist/andrea-geyer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta yi karatu a Shirin Nazarin 'Yancin Kai na Whitney da ke [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] kuma ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Independent Study Program {{!}} Whitney Museum of American Art |url=http://whitney.org/Research/ISP |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=whitney.org}}</ref> Geyer ya kasance mataimakin farfesa a fannin Fasaha a Makarantar Zane ta Parsons tun daga shekarar 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrea Geyer |url=http://amt.parsons.edu/finearts/faculty/andrea-geyer/ |access-date=2017-03-25 |website=amt.parsons.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> == Zane-zane == Aikin Geyer na baya-bayan nan a SFMOMA ya shafi gadon Grace Morley, daraktan da ta kafa SFMOMA. Ana kiran wannan baje kolin ''"Ga Waɗanda Ke da Idon Gani"'' . <ref name="To Those Who Have Eyes To See"/> Ana kiran wannan wasan kwaikwayo mai alaƙa da ''"Traced: Grace McCann Morley's Museum"'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Traced: Grace McCann Morley's Museum |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/event/traced-grace-mccann-morleys-museum/ |access-date=2017-03-25 |website=SFMOMA |language=en}}</ref> === Tawaye, Sun ce da kuma Nacewa, 2012 === Tawaye da Dagewa wani aikin zane ne mai sassa biyu wanda ya ƙunshi hoton bidiyo. Kashi na farko zane ne na ɗabi'a a cikin zane mai zane (inci 50 x 85). Wannan shine sakamakon binciken da Grey ya yi kan tarihin al'adu daban-daban, na aji daban-daban da kuma na tsararraki daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrea Geyer: Revolt, They Said and Insistence |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/1568 |access-date=17 March 2017 |website=Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> Ya nuna rawar da mata daban-daban, ta hanyar dangantaka da tsarinsu, suka taka wajen kawo sauyi a zamantakewa, al'adu da siyasa. Manufar ita ce a wayar da kan mata marasa natsuwa, marasa daraja a masana'antar ƙungiyoyin kwadago, 'yan kasuwa na zamantakewa da masu juyin juya hali na al'adu waɗanda ba a san su ba saboda nasarorin da suka samu a cikin kyakkyawan canji na zamantakewa. An ba da muhimmanci ga mata uku da suka kafa MoMa a shekarar 1929; Abby Aldrich, [[Lilli P. Bliss]], da Mary Quinn Sullivan . Geyer ya yi imanin cewa za a iya samun tsarin aiwatar da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa ta hanyar nazarin ayyukan mata a tarihi. Wakarta ta biyu, Insistence, ta ƙunshi hoton bidiyo na mintuna 15:21 a saman hotunan baƙi da fari tare da haɗa launuka na irin jaruman matan da aka ɗora a saman teburi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Danielle |title=Experiencing Andrea Geyer's Insistence |url=https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2015/11/09/experiencing-andrea-geyers-insistence-at-moma/ |access-date=17 March 2017 |website=Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> Wannan labarin ya nuna abubuwan da matan da ke cikin katunan gaisuwa suka fuskanta da kuma muryoyinsu da ba a taɓa ji ba a matsayin jarumai. Ta hanyar binciken hanyar sadarwa ta mata 850 a lokacin motsi na zamani a shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930 a birnin New York, Insistent ta gano alaƙar zamantakewa tsakanin waɗannan mata masu tasiri. Wannan babban aiki ne tare da babbar ƙungiyar tallafi, tare da goyon bayan Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani. Geyer ya nemi wayar da kan jama'a game da alaƙar da ke tsakanin mata masu tasiri waɗanda ayyukansu da aka yi niyya da waɗanda ba a yi niyya ba suka haifar da hanyar sadarwa wadda a ƙarshe ta taimaka wa ƙoƙarin junansu wajen kawo sauyi a zamantakewa. === Shari'ar Laifuka 40/61: Reverb, 2009 === Shari'ar Laifuka 40/61 wani shiri ne na multimedia wanda aka shirya a Jami'ar California . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Andrea Geyer, Criminal Case, UAG Gallery 2010 |url=http://uag.arts.uci.edu/sites/default/files/AndreaGeyer_0.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=}}</ref> Ya ƙunshi shigar da bidiyo guda shida tare da na'urori masu auna sigina guda shida da kuma kujeru shida a cikin bidiyo mai inganci, launi da sauti. Tsawon lokacin nunin ya ɗauki mintuna 42. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrea Geyer. Criminal Case 40/61: Reverb. 2009 {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/167196?locale=en |access-date=2017-05-17 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Ya tattara wani yanayi na shari'a na tarihi, ta amfani da ayyukan bidiyo guda shida, ɗaya ga kowanne; wanda ake zargi, mai kariya, alkali, mai gabatar da ƙara, mai rahoto da kuma mai sauraro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carson |first=Julie |title=Andrea Geyer's Criminal Case 40/61: Reverb |url=http://uag.arts.uci.edu/sites/default/files/AndreaGeyer_0.pdf |access-date=17 March 2017 |website=UAG art}}</ref> Bidiyon ya ba da labarin rawar da Adolf Eichmann ya taka a kisan kiyashin Holocaust. Ana haska sautin waƙar a cikin Turanci kuma ana fassara ta zuwa Jamusanci, Ibrananci da Fotigal a kan belun kunne ga masu sauraro. Jaruman shida sun fito ne daga cikin jaruman da aka san su da suna Wu Tsang . Wannan nau'in wasan kwaikwayo ya haifar da tambayoyi game da alhakin, gaskiya, adalci da kuma ra'ayin mugunta da kuma yadda waɗannan jigogi ke faɗaɗa gaba da baya a cikin lokaci ta hanyar hanyoyin ƙirƙira tatsuniyoyi. An yi ƙoƙari ne don gabatar da sharuɗɗa da dabaru tare da mutum yana tunani game da abin da ya gabata da kuma abin da ke faruwa a yanzu, kuma yana da damar wuce abin da aka saba gani kawai. === Ƙasa Mai Juyawa, 2007-wanda ke ci gaba === Spiral Lands wani baje koli ne da aka gudanar a Cibiyar Fasaha da Kafafen Yada Labarai ta Argos da ke [[Beljik|Belgium]] . Akwai sassa uku na wannan baje kolin, wanda aka rubuta a matsayin babi na ɗaya, na biyu da na uku. Ya tada wata babbar matsala da ta shafi dangantakar asali da filaye a Arewacin Amurka. Geyer ta yi tafiya zuwa Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka da kyamararta tsakanin shekarun 1850 da 2007, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Works - Andrea Geyer - Artists - Galerie Thomas Zander |url=http://www.galeriezander.com/en/artist/andrea_geyer/series/spiral_lands |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=www.galeriezander.com |language=en}}</ref> kuma ta cikin rubuce-rubucen littafin tarihinta ta lura da abin da aka fahimta tarihin yammacin duniya ta hanyar isar da su ta hanyar hotunan shimfidar wuri. Wannan aikin ya mayar da hankali ne kan ɗaya daga cikin gwagwarmayar da ta fi daɗewa don tabbatar da adalci a zamantakewa a Arewacin Amurka; kamar kwace filaye daga 'yan asalin Amurka da gwagwarmayar da suke yi don kare haƙƙinsu da kuma dawo da ƙasarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andrea Geyer - Spiral Lands, Chapter 1 - Printed Matter |url=https://www.printedmatter.org/catalog/24831/ |access-date=2017-05-24 |website=Printed Matter |language=en}}</ref> ↵A babi na farko ya ƙunshi firam 19, kowannensu ya haɗa hotuna biyu ko uku baƙi da fari tare da rubutu. An haɗa su da wani ɓangare a cikin ɗaukar hoto biyu na ƙasa iri ɗaya, suna tuna da al'adar ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin ɗaukar hoto na yanayin ƙasa na Amurka. Geyer ya yi amfani da hanyar ninkawa don jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa ra'ayi da labarin ba su taɓa zama ɗaya ba amma koyaushe yana buƙatar a karanta shi dangane da marubucinsa da mahallinsa. Rubutun ya yi daidai da littafin fastoci na gargajiya: tare da nata ra'ayoyin waƙa kuma yana nuna rubuce-rubucen falsafa, yana magance batutuwan tarihi na zamani, tashin hankali, da korar mutane ta hanyar ayyukan masana da marubutan asali na Amurka. A babi na biyu, Geyer ya yi nazari kan rawar da kimiyya da kuma asalinta ke takawa. An mayar da hankali ne kawai kan mai bincike kuma ana mayar da hankali ne kawai kan muryar malamin da aka yi niyya. An gabatar da gabatarwar ne ta hanyar nuna slide tare da waƙar sauti. Masu kallo suna zaune a kan kujeru a gaban allon tare da jerin rubuce-rubuce da aka gabatar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geyer |first=Andrea |title=Spiral Lands / Chapter 2. 2008 |url=http://www.andreageyer.info/projects/spiral_lands/spiral_lands_2/SpiralLands2.htm |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> Babi na uku haɗin gwiwa ne da marubucin Simon J. Ortiz. Wannan yana nuna tattaunawa tsakanin hanyoyin wakoki, rubutun kalmomi da kuma daukar hoto. An yi amfani da Gelatin azurfa a cikin firam ɗin katako da gilashi mai laushi. Kowannensu yana da guda 55&nbsp;cm x 69&nbsp;Girman cm. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geyer |first=Andrea |title=Spiral Lands/ Chapter 3. 2009 |url=http://www.andreageyer.info/projects/spiral_lands/spiral_lands_3/SpiralPages/spiral.html |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] 5bfn1mf44l613ht5ibro98m87s3f98f 0 163191 915651 895002 2026-09-03T16:56:11Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Dresden-Johannstadt_Skulptur_"Undine_geht"_von_Angela_Hampel.jpg|thumb| "Undine geht" (Undine Leaves), sassaka na Angela Hampel a Dresden]] '''Angela Hampel''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta ƙasar Jamus, mai zane-zane, kuma mai zane-zanen shigarwa wadda aka fi sani da zane-zanen Neo-expressive da zane-zanen mata masu ƙarfi daga tatsuniyoyi da kuma Littafi Mai Tsarki. == Rayuwar farko == An haife ta a shekarar 1956 a Räckelwitz kusa da Kamenz a Bezirk Dresden na Gabashin Jamus (yanzu Saxony ), Hampel ya yi horo a matsayin ma'aikacin gandun daji daga 1972 zuwa 1974. Daga nan ta yi aiki a fannin gandun daji na tsawon shekaru biyu yayin da take karatun zane-zane a azuzuwan yamma a reshen Bautzen na Kwalejin Fasaha ta Dresden . Bayan ta shafe shekara guda tana shirya shirye-shirye ga matasa a cibiyar al'adu ta Kamenz, ta ci gaba da karatun zane-zane da zane-zane a ƙarƙashin Jutta Damme da Dietmar Büttner a makarantar har zuwa 1982. <ref name="grafiek">{{Cite web |last=Grâtz, Wolfgang |date=April 2015 |title=Angela Hampel |url=https://www.grafikbrief.de/kuenstler/kuenstler.php?biolang=1&num=10 |access-date=3 April 2020 |publisher=Frankfurter Grafikbrief |language=German}}</ref> == Aiki == Daga 1982-85, Hampel dan takara ne na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Jamus ta Gabas (Verband Bildende Künstler), ya zama memba na hukuma a 1985. Nunin farko da ta yi shi kaɗai shi kaɗai ya kasance a shekarar 1984, a wannan shekarar da ta karanta kuma littafin Christa Wolf mai <nowiki><i id="mwHw">suna Cassandra</i></nowiki> ya zaburar da ita. Ta ƙirƙiri wasu rubuce-rubuce da zane-zane a kan wannan batu, inda ta faɗaɗa har ta haɗa da Penthesilea da sauran muhimman mutane mata daga tatsuniyoyi da Littafi Mai Tsarki, kamar Judith da Salomé. Karin Weber, masanin tarihin fasaha, ta bayyana cewa: "Sunan Angela Hampel yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar fasaha ta zamani a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus a shekarun 1980 lokacin da masu zane suka nemi shiga tsakani da farin ciki a rikice-rikicen zamanin." <ref name="grafiek"/> A shekarar 1989, Hampel ta haɗu ta kafa ƙungiyar mata masu fasaha ta Dresdner Sezession '89, wacce ta kasance irinta ta farko a Saxony. <ref name="grafiek" /> Ayyukan Hampel masu bayyana ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa suna gabatar da tambayoyi game da wanzuwar rayuwa, suna tayar da tatsuniyoyi da Littafi Mai Tsarki. Ƙirƙirar ta ta yau da kullun tana gabatar da ƙarfin mata, tare da tsokana, tawaye da juriya a cikin al'adun [[Käthe Kollwitz]] . <ref name="eschborn">{{Cite web |date=23 April 2019 |title="Malerei, Grafik, Zeichnung" - expressive Arbeiten von Angela Hampel |url=https://www.eschborn.de/presseservice/archiv-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilung/detail/News/malerei-grafik-zeichnung-expressive-arbeiten-von-angela-hampel/ |access-date=3 April 2020 |publisher=eschborn.de |language=German |archive-date=8 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208000602/https://www.eschborn.de/presseservice/archiv-pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilung/detail/News/malerei-grafik-zeichnung-expressive-arbeiten-von-angela-hampel/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hampel ya kuma tsara murfin littattafai don takardu da kuma kasidu na baje kolin littattafai kamar na Dresden City Archives a shekarar 2014. Tana aiki da sassaka katako, sau da yawa tana jira har sai ta sami allo da ya dace da aikinta na yanzu daga gidan da aka rushe. Tana kuma da ƙwarewa a fannin fasahar algraphy ko bugawa a kan faranti na aluminum, tana aiki da launuka daban-daban na launin toka tsakanin baƙi da fari. <ref name="grafiek"/> Hampel ya samo asali ne a [[Dresden]] . <ref name="grafiek"/> <ref name="eschborn"/> == Kyaututtuka == Hampel ya sami kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da: <ref name="grafiek"/> <ref name="eschborn"/> * 2023: Kunstpreis der Landeshauptstadt Dresden * 1999: Kyauta ta musamman: "100 Ausgewählte Grafiken" (100 zaɓaɓɓun zane-zane) * 1990: Kyautar Marianne Werefkin (an yi ta ne don mata) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] 58wo6jiceymu1p3audnkw3549fy8lfu 0 163200 915931 909137 2026-09-04T03:30:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bettina von Zwehl''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Union List of Artist Names Online |url=http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Bettina+von+Zwehl&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500330785 |website=www.getty.edu}}</ref> ) wata 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane-zane wadda ke zaune kuma tana aiki a Landan. Ta mayar da hankali kan aikinta na fasaha kan daukar hoto, shigarwa da kuma binciken kayan tarihi wanda ke tasowa ta hanyar gidajen zama na masu fasaha a gidajen tarihi. Aikinta ya binciko wakilcin yanayin ɗan adam da damuwar ɗan adam ta hanyar lura tare da amfani na musamman na hangen nesa da siffa ta fuskar mutum wanda ke ci gaba da ƙarfafa aikinta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.bettinavonzwehl.com/about.html |access-date=2026-08-11 |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520210727/http://www.bettinavonzwehl.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Sana'a == An haifi Von Zwehl a Munich kuma ya yi karatu a Landan, inda ya sami digiri na farko a fannin daukar hoto daga Kwalejin Buga Littattafai ta Landan da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin daukar hoto daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, Landan. <ref name="PHResume">{{Cite web |title=Resume: Bettina von Zwehl |url=http://www.purdyhicks.com/pdf/Bettina%20_von%20Zwehl.pdf |access-date=2014-07-23 |website=www.purdyhicks.com |archive-date=2014-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808060730/http://www.purdyhicks.com/pdf/Bettina%20_von%20Zwehl.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta fara yin zane-zane a matsayin ɗaliba a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, ta amfani da wata hanyar ƙarni na 19 da ta ci karo da ita a matsayin mataimakiyar mai ɗaukar hoto a Rome, tana aiki a kan {{Convert|10|x|8|in}} fim mai babban faranti. <ref name="VandA">{{Cite web |date=3 January 2012 |title=Photography Resident: Bettina von Zwehl |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/bettina-von-zwehl/ |access-date=2014-07-23 |publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum}}</ref> Yawancin ayyukanta sun kasance a cikin situdiyo. Sharhin aikinta na farko sau da yawa yana yin tsokaci kan tsarin ra'ayinta da kuma nuna mutane a cikin yanayi na zahiri ko na motsin rai, tare da ƙaruwar rauni. <ref name="NYTReview">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Roberta |date=September 15, 2000 |title=Art in Review: Bettina von Zwehl |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/15/arts/art-in-review-bettina-von-zwehl.html |access-date=2014-08-01 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> A lokaci guda kuma, tana da sha'awar ɗaukar hotunan martaba. Tana ambaton tasirin zanen Renaissance, ta kira hoton bayanin martaba "ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi ƙarfi na wakiltar mutum." <ref name="VandA" /> A shekarar 2010 aka ba ta aikin ɗaukar hotunan 'yan wasa da masu wasan paralympics da ke shirin shiga gasar Olympics ta London ta 2012. <ref name="Guardian2010">{{Cite web |date=20 July 2010 |title=Olympic exhibition opens at the National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/jul/20/olympic-exhibition-national-portrait-gallery |access-date=2014-07-23 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Kwanan nan an gayyace ta ta ƙirƙiri ayyuka don mayar da martani ga tarin gidajen tarihi da dama, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Victoria &amp;amp; Albert (V&A), <ref name="VandA"/> Gidan Tarihi na Holburne <ref name="Rubys">{{Cite web |last=Barron |first=Katy |title=Bettina Von Zwehl: Ruby's Room |url=http://www.photomonitor.co.uk/2013/07/bettina-von-zwehl-rubys-room/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810041729/http://www.photomonitor.co.uk/2013/07/bettina-von-zwehl-rubys-room/ |archive-date=2014-08-10 |access-date=2014-07-23 |website=www.photomonitor.co.uk}}</ref> da Gidan Tarihi na Freud . <ref name="Freud">{{Cite web |title=Bettina Von Zwehl installation at the Freud Museum |url=http://www.darbyshire.uk.com/bettina-von-zwehl-installation-at-the-freud-museum/ |access-date=2014-07-23 |website=www.darbyshire.uk.com |archive-date=2014-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016214041/http://www.darbyshire.uk.com/bettina-von-zwehl-installation-at-the-freud-museum/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2014 ta yi aiki tare da ƙawarta kuma abokiyar aikinta Sophy Rickett a wani aikin da ke mayar da martani ga wani kundin waƙoƙi daga Sir Benjamin Stone Archive a Laburare na Birmingham . <ref name="Stone">{{Cite web |last=Padley |first=Gemma |date=1 May 2014 |title=Library of Birmingham opens its archive to photographers |url=http://www.bjp-online.com/2014/05/library-of-birmingham-commissions-photographers/ |access-date=2014-07-23 |publisher=British Journal of Photography}}</ref> Ta kasance mai zane a gidanta na tsawon watanni 6 a shekarar 2011 a V&A (2011) <ref name="VandA"/> kuma mai zane a gidanta na tsawon watanni 5 a shekarar 2013–2014 a Gidan Tarihi na Freud, inda ta ƙirƙiri wani ɗaki na dindindin don Ɗakin Anna Freud don mayar da martani ga rayuwar Anna Freud da gadonta. <ref name="Freud"/> ''An yi waƙar Soyayya ta Made up'' (2011) sakamakon zama a Gidan Tarihi na Victoria &amp;amp; Albert . Von Zwehl ya bincika tarin ƙananan hotunan hoto a gidan tarihi, inda ya ƙirƙiri wani hoto mai tsayi a cikin ƙaramin hoto a sassa 34 na Sophia Birikorang, memba na ƙungiyar masu baƙo a V&A. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2012 |title=Bettina von Zwehl : Made Up Love Song - Photomonitor |url=https://photomonitor.co.uk/essay/bettina-von-zwehl/,%20https://photomonitor.co.uk/essay/bettina-von-zwehl/ |website=photomonitor.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2013/14 ta yi aikin zama a gidan tarihi na Freud Museum da ke Landan, inda ta yi aikin dindindin a ɗakin Anna Freud a gidan tarihi. Bayan zamanta a gidan tarihi, ta yi wani shiri na musamman da aka kira Gayyatar zuwa Shadows' a shekarar 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bettina von Zwehl - Invitation to Frequent the Shadows |url=https://www.freud.org.uk/exhibitions/bettina-von-zwehl-invitation-to-frequent-the-shadows/ |website=Freud Museum London}}</ref> An buga littafin Lament don ya yi daidai da baje kolin kuma Josh Cohen ne ya rubuta shi tare. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2016 |title=Lament - Photomonitor |url=https://photomonitor.co.uk/book/lament/,%20https://photomonitor.co.uk/book/lament/ |website=photomonitor.co.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 2018 an gayyaci von Zwehl don zama mai zane na farko a New-York Historical Society . Ta sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Pollock-Krasner a shekarar 2017 kuma a shekarar 2018 ta yi makonni 6 a New-York tana bincike kan tarin hotunan da kuma yin sabbin ayyuka: Meditations in an Emergency (2018), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meditations in an Emergency &#124; New-York Historical Society |url=https://www.nyhistory.org/exhibitions/meditations-emergency}}</ref> wani shirin daukar hoto wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga zanga-zangar matasa bayan bala'in da ya faru a Makarantar Sakandare ta Stoneman Douglas a Ranar Masoya ta 2018, da kuma tarin hotunan hoto a N-YHSM. Wunderkammer (2020), <ref>{{Cite web |title=WUNDERKAMMER |url=https://www.innsitu.at/en/ausstellung/wunderkammer-the-exhibition/}}</ref> wani hoto ne na musamman da kuma shigarwar kafofin watsa labarai iri-iri don mayar da martani ga tsawon shekara guda na bincike a Renaissance Kunst-und Wunderkammer (Ɗakin Fasaha da Abubuwan Al'ajabi) na Ferdinand II a Castle Ambras a Innsbruck Austria. A shekarar 2024 von Zwehl ya sami kyautar RPS ( The Royal Photographic Society ) saboda Nasara a Fasahar Daukar Hoto. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] p79ludpkgujigt9p26szylqiqemdzsn 0 163269 915942 909238 2026-09-04T06:33:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brigitte Jurack''' (an haife ta [[Düsseldorf|a Düsseldorf]], 1962) ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta zamani da ke zaune a [[Liverpool]], tana aiki galibi a fannin sassaka da zane-zane.<ref>{{Cite web |title=b.jurack@mmu.ac.uk |url=https://sculptors.org.uk/artists/brigitte-jurack |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=sculptors.org.uk |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:Sculpture_in_Central_Park,_Wallasey.jpg|thumb| Zane a Central Park, Wallasey]] == Rayuwa da aiki == [[Fayil:Sculpture_in_Central_Park,_Wallasey_(2).jpg|thumb| Zane a Central Park, Wallasey]] Brigitte Jurack ya yi karatun tauhidin Furotesta a Jami'o'in Göttingen, Münster da Bonn, da Fine Art a Kunstakademie Düsseldorf a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2018 |title=Art in Liverpool Magazine, issue #6, August 2018 |url=https://issuu.com/artinliverpoolmagazine/docs/art_in_liverpool_august |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Jurack ya kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin fasahar muhalli a Makarantar Fasaha ta Glasgow a shekarar 1990, wanda tallafin karatu daga Majalisar Burtaniya ya tallafa masa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Story, Manchester Metropolitan University |url=https://www.mmu.ac.uk/artshumanities/news/story/?id=10227 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Manchester Metropolitan University |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=another vacant space.: a.v.s. projects Autogestión museumman Foundacio Joan Miro Barcelona |url=http://anothervacantspace.blogspot.com/2017/03/another-vacant-space-projects.html |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=another vacant space.}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da kammala karatun digiri na MA a Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Chelsea, Landan a shekarar 1992. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> A shekarar 2018 ta kammala digirin digirgir na uku mai taken 'Me yasa ake damuwa? Rashin tabbas, rashin kunya da jarumtaka a cikin wakilcin sassaka na matasa', wanda aka yi a Makarantar Fasaha ta Manchester ( Jami'ar Metropolitan ta Manchester ). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-23 |title=Brigitte Jurack |url=https://diggingtogether.com/artists/brigitte-jurack/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Digging Together |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 1998, Jurack ya kafa ƙungiyar masu zane-zane ta Foreign Investment tare da mai zane Alma Tischlerwood. Ƙungiyar, waɗanda suka yi baje kolin a faɗin duniya, suna neman "ƙirƙirar yanayi inda masu fasaha, masu sauraro da al'ummomin mahalarta za su haɗu don yin tambaya game da ƙimar abubuwa ta hanyoyi marasa tsammani". <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=INTERRUPTIONS: Foreign Investment at The Holden Gallery |url=https://www.creativetourist.com/event/interruptions-foreign-investment/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Creative Tourist |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ayyukan da masu zuba jari na ƙasashen waje suka yi sun haɗa da One Square Foot of Sky a Collector Club, Hong Kong (2014) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-01-18 |title=One square foot of Sky by foreign investment「一平方尺的天空」- foreign investment |url=http://www.collectorclub.org/ZH/2014/01/one-square-foot-of-sky/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Collector Club |language=zh-HK}}</ref> da Everything Must Go a Chinese Arts Centre, Manchester (2011). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Everything Must Go |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/35276/everything-must-go/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.e-flux.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-10 |title=CFCCA Archive 'Everything Must Go' Art Sale – 16 September 2011 |url=https://archive.cfcca.org.uk/index.php/Detail/occurrences/454 |website=Centre for Chinese Contemporary Art}}</ref> Ayyukan baje kolin Jurack tare da Zuba Jari na Ƙasashen Waje sun haɗa da ayyuka da kuma sautuka da yawa. A shekarar 2012, Jurack ya yi wani sabon sassaka na jama'a, wanda majalisar Wirral ta ba da umarnin a yi, don Central Park da ke Wallasey . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool Art Prize: 2014 shortlist announced {{!}} Art News {{!}} The Skinny |url=https://www.theskinny.co.uk/art/news/liverpool-art-prize-2014-shortlist-announced |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.theskinny.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> An tsara sassaken da za a yi amfani da su don tunawa da tsohuwar Makarantar Fasaha ta Wallasey tare da haɗin gwiwar matasa daga makarantu na gida da ƙungiyoyin matasa da kuma tare da tallafi daga Majalisar Fasaha ta Ingila . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sculpture aims to capture 'playful spirit' of former Wirral art college |url=https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/10021726.sculpture-aims-to-capture-playful-spirit-of-former-wirral-art-college/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Wirral Globe |language=en}}</ref> Jurack ya koyar da zane-zane a jami'o'i da dama a Burtaniya, yana rike da mukamai a matsayin babban malami a Jami'ar John Moores da ke Liverpool, Jami'ar Derby, Jami'ar Newcastle kuma a halin yanzu yana Makarantar Fasaha ta Manchester . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Practice-Based-Research |url=http://www.practice-based-research.com/de/ProgramWorkshops.php |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.practice-based-research.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=They Eat Culture // We help shape the growth of Lancashire through arts engagement. // Dialogue |url=http://theyeatculture.org/current/talks/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |language=en}}</ref> == Nunin da aka zaɓa == * ''Kasuwancin Birai'', FILET, London, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaffarano |first=Francesco |date=2018-10-18 |title=Brigitte Jurack's 'Monkey Business' exhibition opens at FILET |url=https://hackneypost.co.uk/brigitte-jurack-monkey-business-filet-london/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Hackney Post |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Parachute mai ruwan hoda,'' Gidan Tarihi na Grundy, Blackpool, 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigitte Jurack: Pink Parachute |url=https://www.thegrundy.org/whats-on/single/brigitte-jurack-pink-parachute/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Grundy Art Gallery |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-10 |title=Grundy Art Gallery Business Plan |url=https://democracy.blackpool.gov.uk/Data/Executive%20(I)/20130110/Minutes/$Appendix%20A-Grundy%20Art%20Gallery%20PH3%20Appendix%20A.doc.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410114752/https://democracy.blackpool.gov.uk/Data/Executive%20(I)/20130110/Minutes/$Appendix%20A-Grundy%20Art%20Gallery%20PH3%20Appendix%20A.doc.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-10}}</ref> * ''Zane a bakin Teku'', Aarhus, Denmark, 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-17 |title=Sculpture by the Sea Aarhus 2015 exhibits 57 works from artists/groups from 24 different countries. |url=https://www.biennialfoundation.org/2015/06/along-aarhus-scenic-coast-line-sculptures-are-presented-on-the-beach-the-waterfront-and-in-the-forest-the-exhibition-area-is-accessible-at-any-hour-and-free-to-the-public/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Biennial Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Kawai Jira Ni,'' Central Park, Wallasey, 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sculpture aims to capture 'playful spirit' of former Wirral art college |url=https://www.wirralglobe.co.uk/news/10021726.sculpture-aims-to-capture-playful-spirit-of-former-wirral-art-college/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Wirral Globe |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Just wait for me |url=http://www.bronzefoundry.co.uk/WORKSPAGES/JURACK/JustWaitForMe2.html |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.bronzefoundry.co.uk |archive-date=2019-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722094943/http://bronzefoundry.co.uk/WORKSPAGES/JURACK/JustWaitForMe2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Die Se (e) (h) kuh'', Kiosk 24, Jamus, 2011 <ref>{{Cite web |last=miracle |title=Die Se(e)(h)kuh |url=https://kiosk24.org/die-seehkuh/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Kiosk24 |language=de-DE}}</ref> * ''Irfaran'', Gidan Tarihi na Duniya, Newcastle, 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irfaran |url=https://www.globegallery.org/irfaran |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=The Globe Gallery |language=en |archive-date=2021-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224204851/https://www.globegallery.org/irfaran |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Tafiya ta Moonshine'', Sutton Manor, 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Catherine |date=2008-02-29 |title=Moonshine walk to mark colliery |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/moonshine-walk-to-mark-colliery-3493925 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=Liverpool Echo |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Moonshine Walk, as part of Foreign Investment (2008) – Brigitte Jurack – Manchester School of Art |url=https://www.art.mmu.ac.uk/profile/bjurack/projectdetails/618 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.art.mmu.ac.uk}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da wuraren zama == * Sanskriti Residency, SansKriti Foundation, Delhi, India, 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Residency - Past Residents |url=http://www.sanskritifoundation.org/previous-artists.htm |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.sanskritifoundation.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cheeseburn, Newcastle upon Tyne (2021) |url=http://www.findglocal.com/GB/Newcastle-upon-Tyne/871114152903286/Cheeseburn |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.findglocal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IB18: St John's Market: Brigitte Jurack: Scavengers |url=https://www.artinliverpool.com/events/ib18-st-johns-market-brigitte-jurack-scavengers/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Art in Liverpool |language=en-US}}</ref> * An Yi Takarar Kujerar Fasaha ta Liverpool, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |title=January 2014 – Liverpool Art Prize |url=http://liverpoolartprize.com/?m=201401 |access-date=2021-04-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liverpool Art Prize 2014 Opens at Metal on 9 May – Liverpool Art Prize |url=http://liverpoolartprize.com/?p=1429 |access-date=2021-04-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Biyan Kuɗin Yarima na Wales, Makarantar Burtaniya a Athens 2010/2011 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Autogestió - another vacant space. |url=https://www.anothervacantspace.com/Autogestio |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=www.anothervacantspace.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-26 |title=ART OPENING: FIGURING at Royal British Society of Sculptors Private view: 26th February 2014 |url=https://fadmagazine.com/2014/02/26/art-opening-figuring-at-royal-british-society-of-sculptors-private-view-26th-february-2014/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=FAD Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> * IMMA, Dublin – mai zane a gidan zama, 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brigitte Jurack |url=https://imma.ie/artists/brigitte-jurack/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=IMMA |language=en-IE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Korean International Ceramic Biennale 2019 |url=http://2019.kicb.co.kr/artist/about?idx=3877 |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=2019.kicb.co.kr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]] ltwwn7lunii8ie2bvezfhi4oaruda50 0 163282 915685 901062 2026-09-03T17:52:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annabelle Selldorf''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1960) mai zane ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Jamus kuma shugabar kamfanin '''Selldorf Architects''', wani kamfanin gine-gine da ke birnin New York. Ita ma'aikaciya ce a Cibiyar Masu Zane-zane ta Amurka ( FAIA ), wacce ta lashe lambar yabo ta AIANY Medal of Honor ta 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=AIA New York Chapter : Press Releases |url=https://aiany.aiany.org/index.php?section=press-releases&prrid=330 |access-date=August 30, 2017 |website=aiany.aiany.org |language=en}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 2025 an nada ta a cikin mutane 100 mafi tasiri a TIME. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annabelle Selldorf Is on the 2025 TIME100 List |url=https://time.com/collections/100-most-influential-people-2025/7273822/annabelle-selldorf/ |access-date=2026-08-12 |archive-date=2026-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260812092826/https://time.com/collections/100-most-influential-people-2025/7273822/annabelle-selldorf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayyukanta sun haɗa da Cibiyar Gyaran Kayan Aiki ta Sunset Park, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunset Park Material Recovery Facility – Selldorf Architects – New York |url=http://www.selldorf.com/projects/sunset-park-material-recovery-facility |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=Selldorf Architects – New York}}</ref> Neue Galerie New York, Gidan Tarihi na Rubell, <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2019 |title=The Annabelle Selldorf-designed Rubell Museum opens in emerging Miami art district |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/rubell-museum-selldorf-architects-miami}}</ref> gyaran Cibiyar Fasaha ta Sterling da Francine Clark, Gidan Tarihi na David Zwirner's 20th Street, <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Zwirner 20th Street – Selldorf Architects – New York |url=http://www.selldorf.com/projects/david-zwirner-20th-street |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=Selldorf Architects – New York}}</ref> Makarantar Mwabwindo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwabwindo School by Selldorf Architects |url=https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/14269-mwabwindo-school-by-selldorf-architects |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=www.architecturalrecord.com}}</ref> 21 East 12th Street, <ref>{{Cite web |title=21 East 12th Street |url=https://www.selldorf.com/projects/21-east-12th-street}}</ref> 200 11th Avenue, <ref>{{Cite web |title=200 Eleventh Avenue – Selldorf Architects – New York |url=http://www.selldorf.com/projects/200-eleventh-avenue |access-date=October 16, 2017 |website=Selldorf Architects – New York}}</ref> 10 Bond Street, <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Bond Street |url=https://www.selldorf.com/projects/10-bond-street |access-date=February 27, 2022 |website=Selldorf Architects – New York}}</ref> da gine-gine da dama na cibiyar fasaha ta zamani ta LUMA Foundation a Arles, Faransa. Sauran manyan ayyuka sun haɗa da faɗaɗa tarin Frick Collection, gyaran National Gallery a London, <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=Roche |first=Daniel Jonas |date=May 6, 2025 |title=Selldorf Architects completes National Gallery renovation |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2025/05/national-gallery-renovation-selldorf-architects/}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani San Diego, sabon gidan tarihi na Hauser & Wirth da ke kan titin 22 a Chelsea, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 23, 2020 |title=West Side Story: Hauser & Wirth's new Chelsea outpost is big, clever and inclusive |url=https://www.wallpaper.com/art/hauser-wirth-gallery-new-york-selldorf-architects}}</ref> sabon gidan kore da gyaran gidan kore na tarihi a Dumbarton Oaks, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Selldorf Architects Selected to Design Greenhouse Project at Dumbarton Oaks |url=https://www.selldorf.com/sa-news/selldorf-architects-selected-as-lead-designer-for-greenhouse-project-at-dumbarton-oaks}}</ref> Babban shagon The Row na [[Landan|London]] da ke 15 Carlos Place, Mayfair House da kuma Cibiyar Fassara a Lambun Qianlong a cikin Birnin da aka Haramta a Beijing, China. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 14, 2020 |title=The 11 Most Anticipated Buildings of 2020 |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/most-anticipated-buildings-2020}}</ref> An zaɓi Selldorf Architects kwanan nan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni biyar da aka zaɓa don gasar gine-gine ta Louvre Nouvelle Renaissance. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amselem |first=Ilana |date=October 14, 2025 |title=Five teams shortlisted for a renovation project at Paris’s Louvre |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2025/10/five-teams-shortlisted-for-a-renovation-project-at-paris-louvre/}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Selldorf a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1960, a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus. A lokacin da take girma, mahaifinta, {{Interlanguage link|Herbert Selldorf|d|Q140076620}} ya yi mata kwarin gwiwa sosai., da kuma tsarin gine-ginensa mai zurfi da kuma [[Gine-gine na zamani|al'adar zamani]] . A lokacin da take da shekaru 12, mahaifin Selldorf ya sayi gida a Cologne, Jamus, yana yin ƙananan gyare-gyare ga haske, kayan daki, da launin bango waɗanda suka zama ginshiƙin tsarin gine-ginenta. Selldorf ya kuma sami kwarin gwiwa daga zane-zanen [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe|Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe]], inda ya ambaci Gidansa na Tugendhat na 1930 da ke Brno, Jamhuriyar Czech a matsayin wanda ke nuna daidaiton rayuwa da ƙira ta yau da kullun. <ref name="Nobel2002">{{Cite journal |last=Nobel |first=Philip |date=Summer 2002 |title=Annabelle Selldorf-Her father's influence sparked a sensibility entrenched in Midcentury modernism |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_architectural-digest_2002-01_59_1/page/214 |journal=Architectural Digest |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=214–221}}</ref> Selldorf ta koma birnin New York a shekarar 1980. Ta sami digirinta na farko a fannin gine-gine daga Cibiyar Pratt da ke New York kuma ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci ga mai zane Richard Gluckman, sannan ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Syracuse da ke Florence, Italiya. A shekarar 2025, Selldorf ya sami digirin girmamawa na digirin fasaha daga Jami'ar Pratt. == Sana'a == === Selldorf Masu Zane-zane === Selldorf ta bayyana a cikin wani kasida da ta wallafa a mujallar ''Architectural Digest'' cewa ba ta son zama mai zane-zane tun tana ƙarama. Mahaifinta mai zane ne, kuma daga ƙarshe ya ba ta shawarar ta yi aiki a matsayin ɗan kwangila. Wannan abin da ya faru ya motsa ta sha'awar neman sana'ar. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hoffman |first=Nicholas von |date=December 2001 |title=Annabelle Selldorf Cultivating an Architectural Calling |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_architectural-digest_2001-12_58_12/page/n123 |journal=Architectural Digest |volume=58 |pages=102–103}}</ref> Yayin da ta koma wuraren aiki na gargajiya, yawancin ayyukanta sun haɗa da daidaita ƙirar ciki da ayyukan gine-gine ga abokan ciniki masu zaman kansu da na gidaje. <ref name="Nobel2002"/> Selldorf ta kafa kamfaninta na farko mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1988, wanda a yau yake ɗaukar ma'aikata sama da 65. Kamfaninta yana nan a nahiyoyi huɗu. A shekara ta 2004, Selldorf ta kafa kamfanin Vica, don sayar da kayan daki nata; ta sanya masa suna bayan kamfanin ƙira da kakarta ta kafa a Cologne a shekarun 1930. Selldorf sanannen mai zane ne a duniyar fasaha, yana tsara wuraren adana kayan tarihi, gidajen tarihi, da gidaje ga masu fasaha da masu tattarawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annabelle Selldorf |url=https://thegentlewoman.co.uk/library/annabelle-selldorf |access-date=May 5, 2021 |website=thegentlewoman.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ta tsara wuraren nunin hotuna da wuraren baje koli ga Hauser &amp;amp; Wirth, Whitney, Gladstone Gallery, Michael Werner, David Zwirner, Acquavella Galleries da Frieze Art Fair 's Frieze Art Masters. Kamfaninta yana yin aiki tare da Gagosian Gallery akai-akai kan zane-zanen baje kolin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazanjian |first=Dodie |title=Francesco Vezzoli: Mother Love |url=https://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/francesco-vezzoli-mother-love |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228035912/https://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/francesco-vezzoli-mother-love |archive-date=December 28, 2010 |access-date=October 15, 2017 |website=www.Vogue.com}}</ref> Abokan cinikinta kuma sun haɗa da Christophe Van de Weghe da Per Skarstedt . An bayyana tsarin Selldorf na ƙira a cikin ''Wall Street Journal'' a matsayin "... game da kyan gani da aka tsare. Daga sabbin gidajen tarihi na Beaux-Arts zuwa kyawawan hasumiyai na zama, sanarwar Selldorf ta saba wa ƙa'idar." Paul Goldberger, mai sukar gine-gine ga jaridar The New Yorker, ya yaba wa ayyukanta a matsayin "... wani nau'in zamani mai laushi wanda ya dace da kowa, tare da cikakken daidaito." A wani labarin da ''Architectural Digest'' ta wallafa, Selldorf ta bayyana tsarin zane-zanenta—kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin aikinta a wani gida na Fifth Avenue—a matsayin mai da hankali kan "jin daɗi mara sani" da "wuri mai tsabta da tsabta." <ref>{{Cite journal |date=May 1999 |title=1990s |journal=Architectural Digest |volume=56 |pages=449}}</ref> A cikin [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/15/arts/design/frick-collection-reopening.html Jaridar New York Times], mai sukar gine-gine Michael Kimmelman ya yaba da faɗaɗa Selldorf na Frick Collection, yana rubuta cewa "yana da matuƙar muhimmanci da kuma dabara kamar yadda mutum zai iya fata. A wasu lokutan, kamar a cikin sabon matattakalar marmara mai girma da kuma ɗakin taro mai iska, yana kwatanta waƙa." <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Kimmelman |first=Michael |last2=Barth |first2=Lila |date=March 15, 2025 |title=The Frick Glows With a Poetic, $220 Million Renovation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/15/arts/design/frick-collection-reopening.html |via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ohgmmpn7jwn5alhp0e7cw9rl5hqsvo0 0 163309 915533 896790 2026-09-03T14:38:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ambar Pare''' likitan gargajiya ne na Ayurvedic na Indiya kuma malamin kiwon lafiya daga gundumar Harda, Madhya Pradesh . Ayyukansa sun haɗa da naturopathy, Ayurveda, yoga, pranayama, ayyukan gargajiya na gargajiya da ilimin kiwon lafiya.<ref>https://www.livehindustan.com/madhya-pradesh/dashashwamedh-ghat-teaching-changes-life-of-2-borthers-get-international-recognition-201785918933078.amp.html</ref> Pare yana da alaƙa da '''Dr. Ambar Pare Naturopathy Center''' a Duliya, gundumar Harda, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 2020. == Rayuwa ta farko == An kuma haifi Ambar Pare a gundumar Harda, Madhya Pradesh . Ya fito ne daga dangin da ke da tushen noma a yankin. Mahaifinsa, Rajendra Pare, yana da alaƙa da aikin gona.<ref>https://english.dainikjagranmpcg.com/the-evolving-work-of-dr-ankur-pare-and-dr-ambar/article-25270</ref> Ambar Pare shi ne ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Ankur Pare, marubuci, mai bincike kuma ɗan kasuwa.<ref>https://www.dainikjagranmpcg.com/dr-ankur-pare-and-dr-ambar-pare-journey-of-two/article-60996</ref> == Ilimi == Ambar Pare ya sami ilimin farko a makarantar St. Mary's Co-Ed a Harda . Ya kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare a shekara ta 2006 kuma daga baya ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Universal Academy a Indore a shekara ta 2008.<ref>https://bhaskardigital.com/dr-ankur-pare-and-dr-ambar-pare-revisiting-indias-ancient-scientific-health-traditions-in-the-modern-age/</ref> Ilimi na sana'a ya haɗa da digiri na farko na aikin tiyata na hakora (BDS) da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Naturopathy da Yogic Sciences (BNYS). Ya kuma kammala shirye-shiryen difloma na digiri na biyu a cikin Asibiti da Kula da Lafiya da Ba da Shawara da Magungunan Iyali. Sauran cancanta sun haɗa da karatu a madadin magani da cututtukan cututtuka, da kuma takardar shaidar ciwon sukari.<ref>https://english.dainikjagranmpcg.com/dr-ambar-pare-naturopathy-centre-integrating-ancient-indian-medical-systems/article-20610</ref> == Nazarin ruhaniya == Ambar Pare ya yi nazarin ayyukan ruhaniya da na gargajiya na Indiya da yawa. Dangane da tarihin rayuwarsa, shi da babban ɗan'uwansa sun karɓi Guru Diksha daga Jamuna Prasad Chaturvedi a Dashashwamedh Ghat a Varanasi a lokacin Guru Purnima a shekara ta 2005.<ref>https://startupstory18.com/dr-ambar-pare-builds-a-naturopathy-practice-around-yoga-ayurveda-and-traditional-indian-health</ref> Nazarinsa na baya ya hada da yoga, pranayama, tunani, Ayurveda, ayyukan mantra da ilimin gargajiya. Ya kuma bayyana karatunsa dangane da Guru Parampara da al'adun da ke da alaƙa da Mahavatar Shri Babaji . == Ayyukan sana'a == Ayyukan Ambar Pare sun mayar da hankali kan naturopathy, Ayurveda, yoga, pranayama, ayyukan abinci, ilimin gargajiya da ilimin kiwon lafiya. Ya yi amfani da kalmar '''Indian Scientific Ancient Medical Systems''' don bayyana aikinsa tare da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na gargajiya na Indiya. Ana amfani da kalmar ne dangane da bayanin sana'arsa maimakon a matsayin sunan tsarin magani guda ɗaya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da ayyukan da aka samo daga naturopathy, Ayurveda da yoga, tare da motsa jiki na numfashi, tunani, ayyukan abinci da sauran hanyoyin gargajiya. == Cibiyar Nazarin Naturopathy ta Dr. Ambar Pare == Dr. An kafa Cibiyar Ambar Pare Naturopathy a Duliya, gundumar Harda, Madhya Pradesh, a cikin 2020.<ref>https://topstoriesindia.in/dr-ambar-pare-builds-a-naturopathy-practice-around-yoga-ayurveda-and-traditional-indian-health{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Cibiyar tana da alaƙa da aikin Ambar Pare a cikin naturopathy, Ayurveda, yoga da ayyukan kiwon lafiya na gargajiya. == Yankunan karatu == Yankunan binciken da Ambar Pare ya bayyana sun hada da naturopathy, Ayurveda, kimiyyar yoga, pranayama, ilimin gargajiya na gargajiya, ayyukan rayuwa, ilimin kiwon lafiya da al'adun ruhaniya na Indiya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da koyarwa, horo da sadarwa ta jama'a a kan waɗannan batutuwa. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == Bayanan tarihin Ambar Pare ya lissafa kyaututtuka da yawa da aka karɓa a lokacin aikinsa na sana'a. Wadannan sun hada da karɓar Littafin Tarihi na Duniya a cikin 2018 da kuma Fellowship na Royal Society of Medicine a cikin 2019. A cikin 2023, an haɗa shi da G-20 Seva Samman da aka gabatar a lokacin taron Civil 20 Sewa Summit a Madhya Pradesh . Sauran sanarwa da aka jera a cikin tarihin rayuwa sun haɗa da Kyautar Kwarewar Kiwon Lafiya, Kyautar Kula da Lafiya ta Daily Bhaskar da Kyautar Kulawa ta Kiwon Lafiyar 2023-24. Bayanai game da kyaututtuka na mutum, gami da kungiyoyin bayarwa da kwanakin, ya kamata a goyi bayan su ta hanyar masu zaman kansu ko hukuma. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ambar Pare tana da alaƙa da Duliya da yankin Harda na Madhya Pradesh . Iyalinsa suna da tushen noma a yankin. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} nu31c3sk9ppy5bbobht3vnxhcp8e149 0 163366 915589 895915 2026-09-03T16:11:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrea Diefenbach''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1974) mai ɗaukar hoto ne na shirin gaskiya na Jamus. <ref name="fotomuseum">{{Cite web |title=Andrea Diefenbach |url=https://www.fotomuseum.ch/en/photographer-post/andrea-diefenbach/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Fotomuseum Winterthur |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a kan mutane a Ukraine da Moldova. A shekarar 2024, Diefenbach ta sami kyautar Dr. Erich Salomon daga ƙungiyar daukar hoto ta Jamus . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Diefenbach an haife shi a [[Wiesbaden]] . <ref name="dgph">{{Cite web |title=Andrea Diefenbach |url=https://www.dgph.de/auszeichnungen/dr-erich-salomon-preis/preistraeger/andrea-diefenbach |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=German Society for Photography |language=de}}</ref> Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Bielefeld a shekarar 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.andreadiefenbach.com/about |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Andrea Diefenbach}}</ref> == Aiki == Littafinta mai suna ''Aids in Odessa'' (2008) yana magana ne game da annobar cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV/AIDS]] a Odessa, Ukraine. An bayyana shi a cikin ''littafin Dazed'' a matsayin "lokutan sirri na kaɗaici, yanke ƙauna da bege". Ya ƙunshi ɗan gajeren gabatarwa ta kowane fanni game da yadda suka kamu da cutar HIV. <ref name="dazed">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-11 |title=Aids in Odessa by Andrea Diefenbach |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/photography/article/410/1/aids-in-odessa-by-andrea-diefenbach |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref> Ga littafin daukar hoto ''Land ohne Eltern'' (ƙasa ba tare da iyaye ba, 2012), tsawon kusan shekaru goma, Diefenbach ta bi diddigin rayuwar 'yan gudun hijirar Moldova da ke aiki a Italiya da iyalansu, musamman yara, waɗanda suka ci gaba da zama a [[Moldufiniya|Moldova]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The lonely children of Moldova – DW – 11/24/2014 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/the-lonely-children-of-moldova/a-18069649 |access-date=2025-08-17 |website=Deutsche Welle |language=en}}</ref> ''Realitatea'' (Reality, 2022) ta haɗa ƙarin hotuna daga Moldova—ƙasar da ke fama da rikicin asali tun bayan samun 'yancin kai shekaru 30 da suka gabata—tare da kwafi na jaridun Moldova da rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi abubuwan da suka faru na siyasa na shekaru goma da suka gabata. <ref name="dgph" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Diefenbach yana cikin Wiesbaden. <ref name="fotomuseum"/> == Littattafai == === Littattafai daga Diefenbach === * ''СПИД [gizo] AIDS a Odessa'' . Berlin: Hatje Cantz, 2008. Tare da gabatarwa daga Boris Mikhailov . <ref name="dazed"/> * ''Land ohne Eltern'' = kasa ba tare da iyaye ba. Heidelberg: Kehrer, 2012. Tare da rubutun Nicola Abé, {{Interlanguage link|Dumitru Crudu|ro}}, da kuma Grigore Vieru . . A Turanci da Jamusanci. ** Bugu na biyu. Heidelberg: Kehrer, 2016.{{ISBN|978-3868287516}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3868287516|<bdi>978-3868287516</bdi>]] . * ''Gaskiya'' . Stuttgart: Hartmann. 2022. Tare da rubuce-rubuce daga Martin Sieg da {{Interlanguage link|Andrei Avram|ro}}, da kuma wata hira da Diefenbach ta {{Interlanguage link|Pavel Brăila|ro}}, Ovidio Tichindeleanu, Olga Ghilca da Nora Dorogan.{{ISBN|978-3-96070-085-2}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-96070-085-2|<bdi>978-3-96070-085-2</bdi>]] . A Turanci. === Littattafai tare da gudummawa daga Diefenbach === * ''Akwatin Kasida'' . Dortmund: Kettler; Cologne: Gidan Tarihi na PhotoBook, 2014. Markus Schaden da Frederic Lezmi ne suka gyara. Rubuce-rubucen Jamusanci da Ingilishi.{{ISBN|978-3-86206-394-9}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-86206-394-9|<bdi>978-3-86206-394-9</bdi>]] . Akwati mai ɗauke da wallafe-wallafe daban-daban (kuma ana samun su daban) kowannensu ta Ali Taptik, Anders Petersen, Diefenbach, Carlos Spottorno, Carolyn Drake, Chargesheimer, Cristina de Middel, Daidō Moriyama, David Alan Harvey, Dominique Darbois, Ed Templeton, Hans-Jürgen Raabe, Jiang Jian, Julian Germain, Marks of Honour, Oliver Sieber, [[Martin Parr]] da Gerry Badger, Ricardo Cases, Stephen Gill, Susan Meiselas, da Todd Hido . An buga a lokacin bikin buɗe Gidan Tarihi na PhotoBook. == Kyaututtuka == * 2024: Kyautar Dr. Erich Salomon, Ƙungiyar Daukar Hoto ta Jamus <ref name="dgph"/> == Nunin kai kaɗai == * ''Land ohne Eltern'', {{Interlanguage link|Münchner Stadtmuseum|de}}, Munich, Yuni-Yuli 2013 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Foto-Reportage von Andrea Diefenbach im Stadtmuseum: Einsamkeit hier und dort |url=http://www.kultur-vollzug.dearticle-45744/2013/06/25/einsamkeit-hier-und-dort/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Kulturvollzug |language=de-DE }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 65uf0kmh1p8r88xr7tvl7fvejjol52n 0 163397 916053 909376 2026-09-04T11:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chloe Molloy''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta alif 1998) 'Yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Australiya da ke bugawa ƙungiyar Sydney Swans a gasar AFL Women's (AFLW). Ta taba bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Collingwood daga shekara ta 2018 zuwa kakar wasa ta 7. Molloy ta lashe gasar AFL Women's All-Australia sau uku, kuma ta lashe kyautar AFL Women's Rising Star da kuma kyautar Collingwood mafi kyau da adalci a shekara ta 2018. Ta kuma jagoranci bugun ƙwallo na Collingwood a shekara ta 2021 da kakar wasa ta 6, da kuma bugun ƙwallo na Sydney a shekarar 2023. Molloy ya yi aiki a matsayin kyaftin na Sydney tun kakar wasa na shekara ta 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == Molloy ya girma a Whittlesea , a wajen arewa maso gabashin [[Melbourne]] . Ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Assumption, Kilmore]] . Kawun Molloy tsohon Fitzroy, Brisbane Lions, kuma ɗan wasan Collingwood Jarrod Molloy . Molloy ya kasance mai goyon bayan Collingwood tun yana ƙarami. == Aikin ƙwallon kwando == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Molloy ta fara buga ƙwallon kwando tun tana ƙarama, ta buga wa Diamond Valley da Eltham wasa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. A lokacin da take ƙarami, ta buga wa Nunawading wasa a gasar SEABL da Melbourne Boomers a gasar WNBL . A shekara 2015 ta sami kyautar Melbourne Boomers Rookie of the Year . A wannan shekarar, an sanar da Molloy a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Australian Gems ta shekarar 2016. Molloy ya wakilci Victoria Country da Victoria Metro a matakin jiha sau shida, inda ya lashe gasar kasa biyu a gasar 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta Victoria da kuma gasar Ivor Burge a Ipswich da Bendigo . A shekara ta 2017 an ba ta guraben karo karatu na NCAA Division 1 na Kwalejin Amurka daga Virginia Cavaliers, Fordham Rams da Jami'ar Virginia Commonwealth. Molloy ta ƙi karɓar duk wani tallafin karatu na kwaleji don cimma burinta na ƙwallon ƙafa. == ƙwallon ƙafa ta matasa da ta jiha == A shekara ta 2017 ta buga ƙwallon ƙafa a gasar Calder Cannons a gasar TAC Cup da kuma Diamond Creek a gasar VFL Women's . Ta samu yabo sosai a dukkan lig-lig, inda ta lashe kyautar mafi kyau da adalci da kuma mafi kyawun 'yan wasan ƙwallo a gasar TAC Cup kafin ta doke tauraruwar AFLW Western Bulldogs Katie Brennan don kyautar gwarzon mai tsaron raga na VFLW. A shekararta ta farko a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa a Diamond Creek, Molloy ta lashe kyautar gwarzon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙungiyar, da kuma kyautar 'yan wasa mafi kyau da kuma mafi kyau a gasar 'yan wasa tana da shekaru 18 kacal. == Aikin mata na AFL == Collingwood ne ya zaɓi Molloy, inda aka zaɓi ɗan wasan farko na ƙungiyar, kuma na uku a cikin jerin 'yan wasan mata na AFL a shekara ta 2017. Ta fara buga gasar a zagaye na 1, a shekara ta 2018 a wasan da ta buga da Carlton a IKON Park . Ta taka rawar gani a fannin tsaron gida, ta tattara maki 20 a wasa, kuma ''AFL Media'' ta sanya ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan Collingwood a rashin maki takwas. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MATCH CENTRE, Round 1, 2018, Carlton vs. Collinwood |url=http://www.afl.com.au/womens/matches/match-centre?matchid=103430101&competitionid=10343 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130224448/http://www.afl.com.au/womens/matches/match-centre?matchid=103430101&competitionid=10343 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=AFL.com.au |publisher=Telstra Media}}</ref> Molloy ta sami zaɓe ko kuma kyautar AFL Women's Rising Star ta shekara ta 2018 saboda wasan kwaikwayon. A ƙarshe ta lashe kyautar AFL Women's Rising Star da cikakken kuri'u 50, kuma ta zo ta biyu a cikin mafi kyau da adalci a gasar . Molloy shi ne ɗan wasa mafi ƙarami da aka zaɓa a cikin ƙungiyar AFLW All-Australian ta shekarar 2018 a aljihun baya. Bayan mako guda da rabi, ta kuma lashe kyautar mafi kyau da adalci ta AFLW ta Collingwood, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lechucki |first=Meagan |date=7 April 2018 |title=AFLW: Rising Star now a Best and Fairest |url=http://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/news/2018-04-07/aflw-rising-star-now-a-best-and-fairest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407135134/http://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/news/2018-04-07/aflw-rising-star-now-a-best-and-fairest |archive-date=7 April 2018 |access-date=7 April 2018 |website={{AFL Col}} |publisher=[[Telstra Media]]}}</ref> da kuma kyautar Mafi kyawun ɗan wasa na shekara ta farko. An kuma nada Molloy a matsayin gwarzon ɗan wasa na farko na ƙungiyar AFLPA a shekarar 2018. A watan Mayun a shekara ta 2018, Collingwood ya sake daukar Molloy a matsayin aro domin kakar wasa ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=Collingwood re-sign host of players |url=http://thewomensgame.com/news/collingwood-re-sign-host-of-players-491933 |publisher=The Women's Game }}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Satumba na wannan shekarar ta samu mummunan rauni a ƙafarta ta dama ta Lisfranc yayin da take wasa da ƙungiyar VFLW ta Collingwood, wanda hakan ya sa aka hana ta buga wasa a duk kakar wasa ta AFLW ta 2019. A kakar wasa ta shekara ta 2019, Molloy ya ɗauki sabon matsayi yana aiki tare da manajan jerin Collingwood kuma mai sharhi kan ayyuka Jess Burger a matsayin mai sharhi kan adawa. An kuma naɗa ta a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar shugabannin Collingwood AFLW kafin kakar wasa ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lechucki |first=Meagan |date=14 December 2018 |title=Captain Chiocci to continue in 2019 |url=http://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/news/2018-12-14/captain-chiocci-to-continue-in-2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419150848/https://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/news/2018-12-14/captain-chiocci-to-continue-in-2019 |archive-date=19 April 2019 |access-date=19 April 2019 |website=[[Collingwood Football Club#AFL Women's team|Collingwood]] |publisher=[[Telstra Media]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilun shekarar 2019, Molloy ya sake rattaba hannu da Collingwood don kakar wasa ta 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lewis |first=Tash |date=10 April 2019 |title=AFLW: Five more sign on |url=https://www.collingwoodfc.com.au/news/2019-04-10/aflw-five-more-sign-on |website={{AFL Col}} |publisher=[[Telstra Media]]}}</ref> A watan Maris a shekara ta 2020, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan AFL ta zaɓi Molloy a matsayin kyaftin na ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa ta farko, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Balmer |first=Matt |date=20 April 2020 |title=Revealed: Full team of best AFLW young stars for 2020 |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/womens-afl/22under22-2020-aflw-squad-revealed-collingwood-star-chloe-molloy-headlines-squad/news-story/63ee083751c63df4fd193779a9874dab |website=[[Fox Sports (Australia)|Fox Sports]]}}</ref> da kuma an zaɓe shi a cikin ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa ta 22 a shekara ta 2017 harzuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2020 |title=Retrospective AFLW 22Under22 side 2017-2019 |url=http://www.aflplayers.com.au/article/2017-2019-retrospective-22under22-side/ |publisher=[[AFL Players Association]] |access-date=12 August 2026 |archive-date=13 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913143555/http://www.aflplayers.com.au/article/2017-2019-retrospective-22under22-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Sarah |date=26 March 2020 |title=Crows dominate inaugural 22under22 squad |url=https://womens.afl/news/50053/crows-dominate-inaugural-22under22-squad |website=[[AFL Women's]] |publisher=[[Telstra Media]]}}</ref> Molloy ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Collingwood ta doke Carlton da ci daya a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta mata ta AFL ta shekarar 2021, inda aka sanya shi a matsayin daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan kungiyar a filin wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Black |first=Sarah |date=28 January 2021 |title=Season-opening stunner: Pies shock Blues with upset win |url=https://womens.afl/match-centre/2021/2947/carl-v-coll#matchreport |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=AFL Women's Media}}</ref> An ba Molloy kyautar rigarta ta All-Australian ta biyu, wacce aka sanya mata suna a matsayin cikakken ɗan wasan gaba a ƙungiyar AFL ta mata ta All-Australian a shekara ta 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=REVEALED: The 2021 AFLW All-Australian team |url=https://womens.afl/news/71754/revealed-the-2021-aflw-all-australian-team |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=womens.afl}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zita |first=David |date=20 April 2021 |title=Two AFLW greats reach footy immortality as All-Australian squad revealed |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/afl-2021-aflw-all-australian-side-full-squad-captain-best-players-brianna-davey-karen-paxman-emma-kearney/news-story/0868ae4c3280c39a18aea11e794fe2ca |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=womens.afl}}</ref> An bayyana a watan Mayun a shekara ta 2021 cewa duk da cewa masu fafatawa a gasar Premier Melbourne, firaministan Brisbane, da sabuwar ƙungiyar faɗaɗawa ta St Kilda sun yi ƙoƙarin sanya hannu a ƙungiyoyinsu, ta yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama a Collingwood kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Tom |date=6 May 2021 |title=Tayla Harris' future in the balance; multi-club races for guns run and won: Mega AFLW trade wrap |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/afl/womens-afl/aflw-trade-news-2021-afl-womens-trade-wrap-contracts-tayla-harris-darcy-vescio-chloe-molloy-olivia-purcell-news/news-story/625aee24f569218b34d3fc9e00ae152f |access-date=6 May 2021 |website=Fox Sports}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun a shekara ta 2023, an bayyana cewa Molloy zai bar Collingwood a cikin sabon lokacin sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Fifiko, inda zai koma Sydney kan kwantiragin shekaru biyar. A watan Satumba a shekara ta 2024, Molloy ya samu rauni a wasan ACL na ƙarshen kakar wasa. == Kididdiga == ''An sabunta shi zuwa ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2023.'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chloe Molloy – player stats by season |url=https://australianfootball.com/players/playerseason/Chloe+Molloy/20153 |access-date=3 September 2023 |website=Australian Football |archive-date=1 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301174345/https://australianfootball.com/players/playerseason/Chloe+Molloy/20153 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Australian rules football statistics legend|s=y}}  == Girmamawa da nasarori == * Kyaftin ɗin Sydney : 2023–yanzu * Ƙungiyar Mata ta AFL ta Duk-Australia ta 3×: 2018, 2021, 2023 * Mafi kyawun kuma mafi adalci a Collingwood : 2018 * 2× Babban mai tsaron raga na Collingwood : 2021, S6 * Babban mai tsaron raga a Sydney : 2023 * Tauraruwar Mata Ta Fitowa Ta AFL : 2018 * Mafi kyawun ɗan wasan AFLPA AFLW na shekara ta farko: 2018 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Chloe Molloy's profile on the official website of the Sydney Swans * Chloe Molloy at AustralianFootball.com * Chloe Molloy on Instagram [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1unvq4skmv3u8pj6o8fh51uldzc8fwn 0 163480 915686 896412 2026-09-03T17:55:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne-Katrin Purkiss''' (an haife ta a [[Chemnitz]], [[Chemnitz|Karl-Marx-Stadt]], Gabashin Jamus, 1959) mai ɗaukar hoto ce ta Jamus. Ta koma Birtaniya a shekarar 1984, bayan ta kammala karatunta a [[Jami'ar Leipzig]] a shekarar 1983. Mahaifinta [[:de:Joachim Seyffarth|Joachim Seyffarth]] (1928–2014) wani Bajamushe ne mai kula da abubuwan tarihi da kuma mai ɗaukar hoto. Aikinta na masu sassaka <ref>Sculptors 1986-2007 Orleans House Gallery {{ISBN|978-1-4276-2471-0}}</ref> ya tattara bayanan masu sassaka a yanayin aikinsu kuma ya haɗa da hotunan Dame Elisabeth Frink, Kenneth Armitage, Andy Goldsworthy, Sir Anthony Caro da Lynn Chadwick . An nuna hotunanta daga tarin hotunan masana kimiyya na Burtaniya a baje kolin da aka yi a Royal Society da National Portrait Gallery, Landan, ciki har da hotunan Sir Alec Jeffreys, Lord Darzi, Sir Martin Evans, Sir Tim Hunt da [[Louise Johnson|Dame Louise Johnson]] . Ta tattara bayanan daukar hoto na gyara gidan adana kayan tarihi na Watts Gallery da ke Compton, Surrey, tsakanin 2008 da 2011, da gidan JMW Turner's House Sandycombe Lodge da ke Twickenham, London, daga 2016 zuwa 2017 da kuma gidan Gainsborough da ke Sudbury, Suffolk, daga 2014 zuwa 2022. Ayyukanta na farko sun haɗa da adadi mai yawa na hotunan yarinta da ƙuruciyarta a GDR (Gabashin Jamus) wanda aka jera a cikin Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (Laburaren Ƙasa na Jamus). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek |url=http://d-nb.info/gnd/142034932}}</ref> Tana aiki ne musamman a cikin baƙi da fari, tana amfani da hasken da ake da shi da kuma Hasselblad . == Ayyuka a cikin tarin jama'a == Akwai hotunan hoto sama da 100 na Purkiss a cikin tarin hotunan National Portrait Gallery <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anne-Katrin Purkiss - National Portrait Gallery |url=http://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp10637&role=art}}</ref> ciki har da hotunan Denis Thatcher, Enoch Powell, Simon Rattle da Georg Solti . Ana kuma gudanar da ayyukanta a cikin tarin Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal Academy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anne-Katrin Purkiss &#124; Artist &#124; Royal Academy of Arts |url=https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/art-artists/name/anne-katrin-purkiss}}</ref> Royal Society, London, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal Society Picture Library &#124; Picture Library |url=https://pictures.royalsociety.org/home}}</ref> Cibiyar Henry Moore, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Discovery Service |url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F234102}}</ref> Leeds, Tarin Fasaha ta Sabon Hall, Jami'ar Cambridge, Tarin Ingram, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ingram Collection |url=http://ingramcollection.com/artist/anne-katrin-purkiss/}}</ref> a cikin taskar TATE, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tate Archive and Public Records Catalogue |url=https://archive.tate.org.uk/Overview.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&r=((((text)%3d%27purkiss%27)))}}</ref> Laburaren Fasaha na Ƙasa, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search results for Victoria and Albert Museum |url=https://nal-vam.on.worldcat.org/search?sortKey=LIBRARY&databaseList=143%2C199%2C245%2C269%2C239%2C638%2C283%2C197%2C285&queryString=Purkiss%2C+Anne&changedFacet=&overrideStickyFacetDefault=&stickyFacetsChecked=on&selectSortKey=LIBRARY&clusterResults=off&overrideGroupVariant=&overrideGroupVariantValue=&format=all&author=all&year=all&yearFrom=&yearTo=&topic=all&language=all&database=all&scope=wz%3A823}}</ref> ɗakin karatu na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Burtaniya ta Yale, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anne Purkiss - YCBA Collections Search Search Results |url=https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Bcollection_ss%5D%5B%5D=Reference+Library&search_field=all_fields&q=Anne+Purkiss |access-date=2026-08-13 |archive-date=2024-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203164035/https://collections.britishart.yale.edu/?utf8=%E2%9C%93&f%5Bcollection_ss%5D%5B%5D=Reference+Library&search_field=all_fields&q=Anne+Purkiss |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Pallant House, Gidan Tarihi na Walsall da Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal . == Kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Hoton Maraba da Kai ta 2009 * Kyautar Littafin Hotuna ta Jamusanci ta 2024 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] 9uxipw3pe2kgk304m09dkgj2hs7uv21 0 163508 915943 909239 2026-09-04T06:33:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Brigitte Klump''' (23 Janairu 1935 - 10 Yuli 2023) marubuciya ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a ta Jamus. An haife ta ne a cikin iyalin manoma marasa galihu, asalinsu asalin Huguenot ne. Ta girma, tsakanin 1949 da 1957, a Jamhuriyar Dimokuradiyyar Jamus (Gabashin Jamus) inda ta yi horo a matsayin 'yar jarida, kafin ta yi aikin horo a Theater am Schiffbauerdamm da ke Berlin. A nan ne matar Brecht, wadda ita ce darakta kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Helene Weigel, ta jagorance ta. <ref name="spiegel381978">{{Cite web |date=18 September 1978 |title=Autobiographie - Kontakte gespeichert - Geschichten vom Stasi und vom armen B. B., DDR-Interna und DDRIntimes: "Das rote Kloster", die Autobiographie einer ehemaligen Leipziger Studentin, gibt überraschende Einblicke in die Ulbricht-Ära. |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-40607137.html |access-date=9 April 2016 |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}</ref> Klump ya tsere zuwa Yammacin Berlin a shekarar 1957. Daga baya, ta yi amfani da kudurin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai lamba 1503, <ref name="UNres1503">{{Cite web |title=Complaint Procedure |url=http://olddoc.ishr.ch/handbook/Chpt5.pdf |access-date=9 April 2016 |website=A new chapter for human rights |pages=63–67 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413225738/http://olddoc.ishr.ch/handbook/Chpt5.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ta sami damar taimakawa kimanin 'yan asalin Jamus ta Gabas 4,000 su tsere zuwa [[Yammacin Jamus]], ta haka ta sake haɗa iyalai da rarrabuwar siyasa ta Jamus ta raba. <ref name="spiegel361980">{{Cite web |date=1 September 1980 |title=Methode 1503 - Im Alleingang will eine Bundesbürgerin durchboxen, daß die DDR wegen Menschenrechtsverletzungen von der Uno verurteilt wird. |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14325394.html |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}</ref> Daga baya ta bayyana cewa wannan, a wani ɓangare, kafara ne da gangan ga gazawar wani kakanni na nesa wanda ya kasance lauya mai suna a Arles . A lokacin da ake tsananta wa addini, ya bai wa dubban Waldensiya damar tserewa daga ƙasashen waje ta hanyar jinkirta shari'a, amma duk da haka an kashe mutane 4,000. <ref name="BKlautBK">{{Cite web |last=Brigitte Klump |title=Biographical summary |url=http://www.brigitte-klump.eu/ |access-date=9 April 2016 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412114953/http://www.brigitte-klump.eu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Brigitte Klump ta yi ikirarin samun 'ya'ya daga Sarki Louis XVI da [[Maryamu Antoinette|Sarauniya Marie Antoinette]] ta Faransa ta hanyar 'yarsu, sarauniya mai mintuna ashirin, Marie Thérèse Charlotte de Bourbon . <ref name="BKlautBK"/> == Rayuwa == Brigitte Klump ta girma ta uku cikin 'yan'uwa biyar a [[:de:Landkreis Dramburg|Groß-Linichen]], sannan wani ƙaramin ƙauye tsakanin Stettin da Bromberg a Pomerania . Mahaifinta ƙaramin manomi ne kuma ɗan kasuwa. Da tsanantawar tsarkakewar kabilanci a shekarar 1945, iyalan sun gudu a cikin jirgin ƙasa na asibiti, suka ƙare a Glöwen, wanda bayan watan Mayu ya sami kansa a yankin mamayar Soviet a cikin abin da ya rage a Jamus. A watan Oktoban 1949, yankin da ke ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Soviet ya sake buɗewa a matsayin ƙasa mai zaman kanta wacce Soviet ke ɗaukar nauyinta, tare da tsarin tattalin arziki da siyasa da aka yi koyi da shi a kan waɗanda ke cikin [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]] . Mahaifin Klump ya shiga cikin gyare-gyaren mallakar filaye, inda ya karɓi jagorancin Landwirtschaftliche Produktionsgenossenschaft <nowiki><i id="mwPA">(LPG Agricultural Production Cooperative)</i></nowiki> a Glöwen. <ref name="BGlautDH">{{Cite web |last=Dieter Hildebrandt |date=20 October 1978 |title=Nachlaß aus dem "roten Kloster" - Ein Buch, an dem zuviel dran ist |url=http://www.zeit.de/1978/43/nachlass-aus-dem-roten-kloster/komplettansicht |access-date=10 April 2016 |publisher=[[Die Zeit]] (online book review)}}</ref> Klump ta yi makaranta a Havelberg, inda ta ci jarrabawar kammala karatunta <nowiki><i id="mwSA">(Abitur)</i></nowiki> a shekarar 1953, bayan haka ta yi aiki a Berlin a matsayin mai aikin sa kai a jaridar mako-mako "Der Freie Bauer" ( ''"The free manomi"'' ). A shekarar 1954, shugabannin editocin jaridar suka tura ta karatu a [[:de:Sektion Journalistik an der Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig|Kwalejin Aikin Jarida]] da ke [[Jami'ar Leipzig|Leipzig]] . Malaman, waɗanda a wannan lokacin ke ba da darussan aikin jarida na jami'a guda ɗaya tilo a ƙasar, an fi saninsu da "das rote Kloster" ( ''"ja sufanci"'' ). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wolfgang Paul |date=30 August 1978 |title=Erziehung im Roten Kloster |journal=Kölnische Rundschau}}</ref> An kewaye malaman makarantar da manyan bango waɗanda aka haskaka su har tsawon dare. Ɗaliban aikin jarida na Jamus ta Gabas sun rayu cikin jin daɗi, sun ciyar da kansu sosai a zamanin matsin tattalin arziki, amma an yi ta tantance wasiƙun su kuma akwai na'urorin sauraro a ɗakunan. Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jiha (Stasi) tana nan ko'ina. An ƙarfafa ɗalibai su yi leƙen asiri da kuma bayar da rahoto game da junansu. <ref name="spiegel381978"/> Ɗalibai na zamani sun haɗa da {{Interlanguage link|Klaus Raddatz|de|Klaus Raddatz (Journalist)}}, Horst Pehnert da wasu waɗanda a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya suka zama manyan 'yan jarida na siyasa a mulkin kama-karya na jam'iyya ɗaya na biyu a Jamus. <ref name="spiegel381978" /> A cikin Janairu 1956, an saita Klump don rubuta takardar karawa juna sani mai suna "Die Vulgarisierung der Literatur durch Bertolt Brecht" (kusan ''"The vulgarisation of Literature by Bertolt Brecht"'' ). Ɗaya daga cikin malamanta, Wieland Herzfelde, ta buga ayyukan Brecht a farkon aikin masu wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya shirya gayyatar Brecht domin ƙungiyar ɗaliban Leipzig su ziyarci kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Brecht a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ke Berlin. Ƙungiyar Al'adu ta Jami'a ta shirya wani jirgin ƙasa na musamman ga ɗalibai 700 don yin ziyarar. Duk da haka, a minti na ƙarshe dole ne hukumomi su soke jirgin saboda gyaran layin dogo. Daga baya Klumpe ya ji daga wani amintaccen mutum cewa soke jirgin ƙasa saƙo ne da aka ƙirƙiro ga Bertolt Brecht, wanda a al'ada ya kasance gwarzon gurguzu, amma hukumomi suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai wahala. <ref name="spiegel381978"/> Helene Weigel, wacce ta shafe shekaru da yawa tana tare da matar Brecht da kuma abokin kasuwancinsa, ta tabbatar da cewa shugabannin jam'iyyar sun biya kuɗin da aka soke aikin. A Leipzig, Brigitte Klump ta sami kanta a matsayin wadda ta jawo wannan matsala, inda aka tilasta mata ta fara fita daga cikin rashin sanin yakamata ta siyasa cikin sauri, sannan ta saba da hanyoyin Stasi da suka haɗa da leƙen asiri, la'anta da wasannin tunani da ake amfani da su don matsa wa 'yan jaridar Jamus ta Gabas lamba. Klumpe ba ta da kwarin gwiwar siyasa ta miƙa wuya ga ayyukan sa ido da hukumomin tsaro suka ba ta, waɗanda suka haɗa da leƙen asiri ga abokai da sauran ɗalibai: ta nemi shawara daga Helene Weigel . Mutuwar Brecht sakamakon bugun zuciya a watan Agusta na 1956 ta bar Weigel ba zato ba tsammani a matsayin darektan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Brecht . Weigel ya sami damar ba wa Klumpe aikin horo a Berlin a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, a ƙarƙashin kulawar tsohon "ɗalibin Brecht", Benno Besson . a lokacin kakar wasa ta 1956/57. Kamar yadda al'amura suka kasance, da zarar Klumpe ta koma Berlin, Weigel da kanta ta karɓe ta. Klumpe ta fahimci dalilin da yasa shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya nuna mata irin wannan alheri daga wasu 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. <ref name="spiegel381978"/> "Ke ce yarinya ta farko a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ba ta taɓa shiga hannun Brecht ba" Lokacin da ta yi zanga-zanga cewa da ta yi ƙanƙanta sosai da ba za ta iya sha'awar babban dattijon gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Gabashin Jamus ba, Klumpe ta ba da rahoton cewa ta tabbata, "hakan ba zai sa shi ya yi fushi ba: akasin haka....". <ref name="spiegel381978" /> A farkon shekarar 1957, Hermann Budzislawski, shugaban sashen aikin jarida na Leipzig, ya tattauna batun Brigitte Klump a wata tattaunawa ta bazata da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Helene Weigel . Ya bayyana karara cewa yin ayyukan sa ido a madadin Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jiha wani sharaɗi ne da ya zama dole kafin a sami takardar shaidar da ake buƙata don yin aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida mai ra'ayin gurguzu. Zai ɗauki fiye da shekaru uku kafin a ƙara ƙarfafa ɓangaren siyasa na Berlin da bango na zahiri : a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba 1957 Brigitte Klump ta gudu zuwa Yammacin Berlin ta kuma yi rajista a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin don ci gaba da karatunta. Daga baya ta cire kanta daga jami'a kafin ta kammala karatun digirinta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] inlzkzjwbirhs12av6cotpuoux85cf0 0 163575 915696 903857 2026-09-03T18:15:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annette Leo''' masanin tarihin Jamus ne kuma mai ba da labari.<ref name="ALlautSenftenberg">{{Cite web |title=Biografien / Annette Leo * 1948 in Düsseldorf |url=http://wechselseitig.info/de/ausstellung/biografien/annette-leo/ |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Reise ohen Wiederkehr / A one-way journey |publisher=Museum des Landkreises Oberspreewald-Lausitz Schloss und Festung Senftenberg}}</ref> A shekara ta 2008, ta kasance mai karɓar [[:de:Annalise-Wagner-Preis|Kyautar Annalise Wagner]]. == Rayuwa == An haifi '''Annette Leo''' a [[Düsseldorf|Duesseldorf]], babba daga cikin 'ya'yan iyayenta. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara huɗu, iyayenta, suna ƙaura da babbar hanyar gabas zuwa yamma na ƙaura ta tsakiya a cikin shekarun 1950, sun kai ta ga zama a Gabashin Berlin. Daga baya ta gano cewa ba - aƙalla ba kai tsaye ba - ba - ba, ba, ba ne ta hanyar amincewar siyasa ba, amma ta hanyar umarnin da mahaifinta ya samu daga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis: tare da sauran aikinsa, mahaifinta yana aiki ga jam'iyyar.<ref name="ALlautWS">{{Cite web |last=Waltraud Schwab |date=18 February 2008 |title="Erwartet habe ich ein Gefühl von Verantwortung" |url=https://taz.de/!857402/ |access-date=11 December 2019 |publisher=taz Verlags u. Vertriebs GmbH, Berlin}}</ref> Iyalin sun dauki hutun hunturu a Thuringia a 1952 kuma ba su sake komawa Jamus ta Yamma ba. Annette Leo ta girma a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus (Gabas ta Jamus) . <ref name="ALlautSenftenberg" /> [[:de:Gerhard Leo|Gerhard Leo]] (1923 - 2009), mahaifinta, ɗan jarida ne na [[Yahudawa]] wanda ya fito daga [[Berlin]] wanda ya tsere wa Nazi Jamus kuma ya shafe shekarun yaƙi a matsayin mayaƙan Résistance a Faransa.<ref name="GLselonL'Hum">{{Cite web |last=Lucien San Biagio |date=7 October 2009 |title=Gerhard Leo. Allemand dans la résistance française |url=https://www.humanite.fr/node/425185 |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Gerhard Leo, ancien journaliste à Neues Deutschland est décédé. |publisher=[[L'Humanité]], Paris}}</ref> Mahaifiyarta, an haife ta Nora Lubinski (1922 - 2010), 'yar [[:de:Dagobert Lubinski|Dagobert Lubinski]] (1893 - 1943), wani ɗan jarida na hagu kuma mai fafutukar adawa: ya zauna a Jamus kuma an kashe shi a Auschwitz. <ref name="GeniAL">{{Cite web |last=Thomas Föhl (compiler) |date=2 April 2018 |title=Nora Leo (Lubinski) |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Nora-Leo/6000000020519224451 |access-date=11 December 2019 |publisher=Geni.com}}</ref><ref name="ALlautHDK">{{Cite web |last=[[Hermann Weber]] |last2=[[Andreas Herbst]] |title=Lubinski, Dagobert * 17.7.1893, † 22.2.1943 |url=https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363;-1424.html?ID=4735 |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Handbuch der Deutschen Kommunisten |publisher=Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin & Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}</ref> Yayinda take girma a Gabashin Berlin, adawa da fascism yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka ɗaure iyalin Leo tare.<ref name="LeosundSED">{{Cite web |last=Jean-Paul Piérot |last2=Maxim Leo |date=1 December 2010 |title=Trois générations d'une famille allemande |url=https://www.humanite.fr/30_11_2010-maxim-leo-trois-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rations-d%E2%80%99une-famille-allemande-458888 |access-date=11 December 2019 |publisher=[[L'Humanité]], Paris}}</ref> Wannan bai taba fassara shi cikin dangantaka mai dadi tare da jihar Jamus ta Gabas da ake zargi da adawa da fascism ba, duk da haka.<ref name="LeosundSED" /> A shekarar 1966, Annette Leo ta shiga jam'iyyar.<ref name="ALSEDMitglied">{{Cite web |last=Klaus Pokatzky (moderator) |date=16 January 2019 |title=Der Großvater als Kompass |url=https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/historikerin-annette-leo-der-grossvater-als-kompass.970.de.html?dram:article_id=438438 |access-date=11 December 2010 |website=Historikerin Annette Leo |publisher=Deutschlandradio (Deutschlandfunk Kultur), Köln}}</ref> (Gabas ta Jamus ta kasance mulkin kama-karya na jam'iyya daya tun jim kadan bayan 1946. <ref name="LeosundSED"/> ) 1966 ita ce shekarar da ta wuce Abitur (jarabawar karshe ta makaranta) , ta buɗe hanyar zuwa ilimin matakin jami'a. Nan da nan, duk da haka, ta fara aiki na shekaru biyu tare da Berliner Zeitung (jarida) . <ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Annette Leo |url=http://www.nng.uni-jena.de/Annette_Leo.html |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Annalise-Wagner-Preisträger 2008 |publisher=Annalise-Wagner-Stiftung, Neubrandenburg}}</ref> Tsakanin 1968 da 1973, Leo ta yi karatun [[Tarihi]] da Nazarin Romance a Jami'ar Humboldt, a wannan lokacin a Gabashin Berlin . <ref name="ALlautUni">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Annette Leo, Curriculum vitae |url=http://www.nng.uni-jena.de/Annette_Leo.html |access-date=11 December 2019 |publisher=Historisches Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena}}</ref> An haifi ɗanta, [[:de:Maxim Leo|Maxim Leo]], a shekara ta 1970 yayin da take aiki don digiri.<ref name="ALlautEKG">{{Cite web |title=... Maxim Leo: Haltet euer Herz bereit. Eine ostdeutsche Familiengeschichte |url=https://www.luther-nordend.de/autorenlesungen-in-nordend/ |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Martin Luther und Nordend |publisher=Evangelische Kirchengemeinden in Berlin-Pankow, Berlin}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta, ta fara aiki a aikin jarida. Ɗaya daga cikin wallafe-wallafen da ta ba da gudummawa tsakanin 1979 da 1981 ita ce mujallar siyasa da tattalin arziki ta mako-mako Horizont . <ref name="ALlautWS"/> Ko da yaushe tana so ta zama 'yar jarida, amma yanzu ta ƙi shi: "... hacks na jam'iyya kuma ta ƙone ma'aikatan tsaro ... mutanen da suka sa jaket don tafiya a cikin gangaren. "<ref name="ALlautWS" />A shekara ta 1982 ta sami digirin digirin digirinta daga Jami'ar Berlin: rubutun ta ya shafi "[[:es:Comisiones Obreras|Kwamitin]] Ma'aikata Spain a cikin gwagwarmaya da Franco".{{Efn|''... abgehalfterte Parteigänger und verbrannte Geheimdienstler ... Leute, die ihr Jackett anzogen, wenn sie auf den Gang gingen.<ref name=ALlautWS/>''}}<ref name="Spiegel041993">{{Cite web |last=Jürgen Leinemann |date=25 January 1993 |title="Immer quer, immer daneben" |url=https://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13680180.html |access-date=11 December 2019 |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}</ref>Tsakanin 1982 da 1986, ta yi aiki a matsayin edita mai ba da gudummawa tare da [[:de:Neue Berliner Illustrierte|Neue Berliner Illustrierte]] (mujallar mako-mako).{{Efn|"Spanischen Arbeiterkommission im Kampf gegen Franco"<ref name=Spiegel041993/><ref name=ALpromov>{{cite web|title=Spanische Arbeiterkommissionen im Kampf gegen das Franco-Regime |url=https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=idn%3D830786406 |work=Hochschulschrift |last=Leo|first=Annette|accessdate=11 December 2019}}</ref>}} Sa'an nan, daga 1986 har zuwa 1989, ta tallafa wa kanta a matsayin masanin tarihi da kuma 'yar jarida.<ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting"/> Kamar yadda ya daya bayyana cewa lokacin yana gudana ga mulkin kama-karya na Jamusanci na Gabas, a watan Janairun 1990 Annette Leo ya kasance co-kafa Die andere, wanda masu goyon baya suka bayyana a matsayin "jaridar farko [na mako-mako] a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus".<ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting" />{{Efn|''als"... der ersten alternativen Zeitung der DDR."''<ref name= ALvolgensAWStichting/>}} Bayan sake haɗuwa, tsakanin 1991 da 1993, Leo ya ɗauki matsayi na ilimi a Gidan Tarihi na Prenzlauer Berg a kudancin [[Berlin]]. <ref name="ALlautAWStuftung">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Annette Leo |url=https://www.annalise-wagner-stiftung.de/aws/htm/preis/preist18_Leo.htm |access-date=12 December 2019 |website=Annalise-Wagner-Preisträger 2008 |publisher=Annalise-Wagner-Stiftung, Neubrandenburg}}</ref> Daga 1993 zuwa 1996 ta yi aiki tare da Cibiyar Bincike don Ilimin Ma'aikata ("Forschungsinstitut Arbeit, Bildung, Partizipation") a Recklinghausen . A nan ta yi aiki a kan aikin tarihin baki "Politisch-gesellschaftlicher Wandel im Geschichtsbewusstsein von Arbeitnehmern in den alten und neuen Bundes PME" (a hankali, "canjin zamantakewa da siyasa a cikin fahimtar tarihi na ma'aikata a cikin tsoffin da sabbin jihohin tarayya (watau a tsohuwar Jamus ta Yamma da tsohuwar Jamus Gabas)) ".<ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting"/> Ta yi aiki tsakanin 2001 da 2005 tare da Cibiyar Bincike kan Antisemitism a Technische Universität Berlin . <ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting"/> Yayinda take aiki a cibiyar, a shekara ta 2004, ta wallafa tarihin masanin harshe da masanin gargajiya Wolfgang Steinitz (1905 - 1967). <ref name="ALlautTUB">{{Cite web |date=December 2004 |title=Wolfgang Steinitz - ein jüdischer Intellektueller zwischen sozialistischer Utopie und Wirklichkeit: Wolfgang Benz im Gespräch mit Annette Leo, der Biographin von Wolfgang Steinitz |url=https://www.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/i65/Newsletter/news-04-12.pdf |access-date=12 December 2019 |website=Zentrum für Antisemitismusforschung, Newsletter |publisher=TU Berlin |pages=4–5 |archive-date=17 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017035208/https://www.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/i65/Newsletter/news-04-12.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, Leo ta zama mai bincike a Cibiyar Tarihi ta [[:de:Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena|Jami'ar Jena]], inda ta kuma rike kujerar koyarwa na wasu shekaru.<ref name="ALvolgensAWStichting" /> Littafin Steinitz ba shine tarihin rayuwarta na farko ba. A cikin 1991, Annette Leo ta buga "Briefe zwischen Kommen und Gehen", tarihin rayuwar [[:de:Dagobert Lubinski|Dagobert Lubinski]], kakan mahaifiyarta wanda ya kasance ɗan jaridar kwaminisanci kuma mai gwagwarmayar adawa. Lubinski shi ma Bayahude ne kuma an kashe shi a Auschwitz . A shekara ta 2008, Annette Leo ta sami [[:de:Annalise-Wagner-Preis|Kyautar Annalise Wagner]] don wani aikin da ta samar a rayuwar yau da kullun a sansanin mata na Ravensbrück a Fürstenberg a lokacin shekarun Hitler.<ref name="ALlautAWStuftung"/> A cikin 2012 tarihin rayuwarta na Erwin Strittmatter (1912 - 1994) ya haifar da muhawara mai yawa game da rawar da marubucin ya taka a tarihi a matsayin daya daga cikin shahararrun marubuta a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Jamus. Leo's 2018 documentary film "Das Kind auf der Liste" (''"The child on the list"'') presents the story of the Sinto child Willy Blum and his family. In 1944, Willy Blum, then aged 16, was taken with his 10-year-old brother Rudolf from the Buchenwald concentration camp to the Auschwitz concentration camp where both boys were murdered.<ref name="WBlautCD">{{Cite web |last=Christoph Dieckmann |date=16 May 2018 |title=Welcher Junge kam nach Auschwitz? |url=https://www.zeit.de/2018/21/das-kind-auf-der-liste-annette-leo |access-date=12 December 2019 |website=Annette Leo erzählt, wer anstelle des legendären Buchenwald-Kindes starb. |publisher=[[Die Zeit]] (online)}}</ref><ref name="NacktunterWölfenvolgensALvolgensTF">{{Cite web |last=Tom Fugmann |date=13 March 2018 |title=Willy Blum - das vergessene Kind aus dem KZ Buchenwald und die Geschichte seiner Familie |url=https://www.mdr.de/zeitreise/vergessene-kind-buchenwald-100.html |access-date=12 December 2019 |website=Die Geschichte hinter "Nackt unter Wölfen": Willy Blum war 16 Jahre alt, als er ermordet wurde. Von ihm blieb nur ein Name auf einer Liste, neben dem durchgestrichenen Namen Stefan Jerzy Zweigs, der durch Bruno Apitz' Roman weltberühmt wurde. Über Willy Blum und seine Familie wusste man bislang nichts. Die Historikerin Annette Leo hat sich auf die Suche gemacht und erzählt in ihrem Buch "Das Kind auf der Liste" die Geschichte der Familie Blum. |publisher=Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk}}</ref> They were part of a batch of 200 children and young people sent on the death train from Buchenwald to Auschwitz. Originally the two hundredth on the list was to have been the three-year-old toddler Stefan Jerzy Zweig but at some stage someone had crossed out Zweig's name and substituted that of the Sinto child. The fates of the boy who was murdered and that of the boy who survived were accordingly always intertwined. A heavily politicised version of the story from the perspective of Zweig (who has subsequently achieved a measure of notability on his own account as an author and cameraman) was already familiar to many German readers, cinema goers and television audiences thanks to the success of the 1958 East German novel Naked Among Wolves which has been adapted for the big screen and (at least twice) for the small screen, but until Annette Leo produced her documentary, the story of the boys who were murdered was unknown. At least one critic reacted by asking why it had taken so long for the story of the Blum boys to come into the public sphere (''"Endlich! Warum erst jetzt?"'').<ref name="WBlautCD" /> ==Bayanan Kula== {{Notelist}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] idcfjpghv79l5svtlvjt81k5sdl4575 0 163586 915511 896711 2026-09-03T13:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Alma Haser''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1989) <ref name="haser">{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.haser.org/about |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Alma Haser |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228165632/http://www.haser.org/about |url-status=dead }}</ref> ƙwararriyar mai ɗaukar hoto ce 'yar asalin Jamus da ke zaune a Burtaniya. Tana amfani da "dabarun naɗe takarda, tarin hotuna da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri don ƙirƙirar yadudduka&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;.&nbsp;yana ɓatar da bambance <ref name="haser" /> tsakanin hotuna masu girma biyu da masu girma uku. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Haser a cikin Black Forest, Jamus kuma ta zauna a can har sai da ta kai shekara shida, lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa Ingila. <ref name="plastikmagazine">{{Cite web |date=2019-03-21 |title=Alma Haser - Portraits With a Twist |url=https://www.plastikmagazine.com/interview/alma-haser |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=Plastik Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="wired"/> Mahaifinta mai zane ne kuma mai sassaka, mahaifiyarta kuma mai sassaka ce. <ref name="anothermag" /> Lokacin da take da shekaru 13, mahaifiyarta ta kai ta da ƙanenta makaranta don yin tafiye-tafiye a faɗin duniya, ciki har da watanni shida a [[Tsibirin Cook]] . <ref name="anothermag">{{Cite web |date=2018-04-25 |title=Alma Haser is the Emerging Artist You Need to Know This Spring |url=https://www.anothermag.com/art-photography/10799/alma-haser-is-the-emerging-artist-you-need-to-know-this-spring |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=AnOther |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi karatun daukar hoto a Jami'ar Nottingham Trent (inda ita ma ta yi karatun origami ), ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 2010. <ref name="plastikmagazine"/> <ref name="wired"/> == Aiki == Haser yana amfani da "dabarun naɗe takarda, tarin hotuna da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa iri-iri don ƙirƙirar yadudduka.yana ɓatar da bambance<ref name="haser"/> tsakanin hotuna masu girma biyu da masu girma uku. "A da, an yanke ta, an naɗe ta, an saka ta, sannan aka yaga hotunanta domin samun hoton ƙarshe, kusan na sassaka." <ref name="itsnicethat-snoad">{{Cite web |title=These puzzles by photographer Alma Haser perfectly jumble the faces of identical twins |url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/alma-hasers-within-15-minutes-photography-300518 |website=www.itsnicethat.com}}</ref> Jerin hotunan Haser's ''Cosmic Surgery'' yana nufin tiyatar kwalliya, inda fuskokin masu zama suka canza ta amfani da origami. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2013 |title=Portfolio: Alma Haser's unsettling 'Cosmic Surgery' series |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/portfolio-alma-haser-s-unsettling-cosmic-surgery-series-8842056.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Photography: Alma Haser amazes us with her folded stories |url=https://www.itsnicethat.com/articles/photography-alma-haser |website=www.itsnicethat.com}}</ref> Lakabin ya samo asali ne daga yadda take fama da matsalar dyslexia da kuma haɗa kalmomin. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin ''Waya'' : <ref name="wired">{{Cite web |last=Garrett |first=Jenna |title=Exquisite Origami … Made Out of Human Faces |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/04/alma-haser-cosmic-surgery-exquisite-origami-made-human-faces/ |website=Wired}}</ref><blockquote>"Haser tana ɗaukar hotunan mutanen da suka burge ta, ko ƙawa ce, ko dangi, ko kuma baƙon da ta haɗu da shi a kan titi." Haser ta buga babban hoto ɗaya da ƙananan hotuna har zuwa 90 na fuskar mutumin. Sannan za ta ɗauki sa'o'i da kyau tana naɗe hotunan zuwa siffofi masu <ref name="wired"/> wani ɓangare na kusudama origami, wata dabarar naɗe takarda ta Japan ta yi wahayi. Da zarar ta sami siffar da take so, Haser ta sanya ta a kan babban hoton ta kuma ɗauki hotonta.</blockquote> == Rayuwa ta sirri == {{As of|2019}} , Haser ya zauna a [[Hastings]] a gabar tekun kudu maso gabashin Ingila. <ref name="plastikmagazine"/> * 2012: Kyauta ta huɗu, Kyautar Taylor Wessing Photographic Portrait, London, don ɗaukar hoto daga ''The Ventriloquists'' == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2x95v980plcts37dysklp80kxcp1a85 0 163620 915672 896848 2026-09-03T17:35:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Pulvermacher Allinson''' ( née Pulvermacher ; {{Circa|1856}} A Shekara ta -zuwa ranar 10 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta 1938) ɗan zane ne ɗan asalin Jamus kuma mai kawo sauyi a zamantakewa wanda ke aiki a Burtaniya. Ta yi horo a Berlin, Paris, da kuma a Makarantar Fasaha ta Slade, kuma ta zana hotunan mutane, da kuma zane-zanen da ba su da rai, da kuma zane-zanen mutane. Tsakanin shekara ta 882 da shekara ta 1888, ta yi baje kolin a Royal Academy, Walker Art Gallery, Royal Society of British Artists, Royal Hibernian Academy, da kuma Royal Institute of Oil Fenters . Ta shiga cikin gyaran abinci, [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|cin ganyayyaki]], walwalar dabbobi, hana cin abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma [[Zaɓen Mata|zaɓen mata]] . Ta auri likita kuma mai gyaran abinci Thomas Allinson kuma ita ce mahaifiyar mai zane Adrian Allinson, likitan Bertrand P. Allinson, da marubuci kuma mawaƙiya Francesca Allinson . == Tarihin Rayuwa == === Rayuwar farko === An haifi Allinson a matsayin Anna Pulvermacher a [[Berlin]], a lokacin wani ɓangare na Masarautar Prussia, a kusan shekara 1856, cikin dangin Yahudawa na Jamus . <ref name="Southworth">{{Cite web |last=Southworth |first=Helen |title=Francesca Allinson |url=https://www.modernistarchives.com/person/francesca-allinson |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=Modernist Archives Publishing Project}}</ref> <ref name="Simkin 2020">{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |date=January 2020 |title=Adrian Allinson |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/ARTallinson.htm |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=[[Spartacus Educational]]}}</ref> Iyayenta su ne Isra'ila David Pulvermacher {{Efn|Her father's name is also recorded as Julius David Pulvermacher.<ref name="Corley 2019"/>}} ( {{Circa|1819}} zuwa shekara ta 1884), furrier, da Jeanette Pulvermacher ( née Morgenstern ; 1829–1890). <ref name=":0" /> Ita ce ƙanwar Ernestine Rose mai kawo sauyi a zamantakewa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Higginbotham |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Higginbotham |date=2023-06-14 |title=The Early Life and Family of Feminist Ernestine Rose: New Findings and an Old Secret |url=https://www.qualifiedgenealogists.org/ojs/index.php/JGFH/article/view/138/83 |journal=The Journal of Genealogy and Family History |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.24240/23992964.2023.1234543 |issn=2399-2964 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Allinson da iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa Ingila a shekarun 1870. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulvermacher Anna 1857-1938 |url=https://www.artbiogs.co.uk/1/artists/pulvermacher-anna |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Artist Biographies}}</ref> === Aikin fasaha === Allinson ya yi karatun zane a Berlin, a Paris, da kuma a Makarantar Fasaha ta Slade . <ref name="Simkin 2020"/> Ta zana hotunan mutane, abubuwan da ba su da rai, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi siffofi. <ref name="Petteys 1985" /> Tsakanin 1882 da 1888, ta yi baje kolin a Royal Academy, Royal Society of British Artists, Walker Art Gallery, Royal Hibernian Academy, da kuma Royal Institute of Oil Fenters . === Gyaran zamantakewa === Allinson ya zama [[Cin ganyayyaki kawai|mai cin ganyayyaki]] a kusa da shekarar 1884, da farko saboda dalilai na lafiya. A cikin wani kasidar da ta rubuta a shekarar 1895, ta rubuta cewa sana'arta ta fenti ta ƙunshi aikin zama a gida, kuma rashin lafiya, rashin abinci mai kyau, da ɗakunan da ba su da iska sun shafi lafiyarta. Ta bayyana cewa bayan ta fara cin abinci mara nama, ta zama "mai cin ganyayyaki mai tsafta", kuma rashin lafiyarta da sauran alamunta sun ɓace. Daga baya ta bayyana hujjar jin kai game da cin ganyayyaki a matsayin "mafi kyawun" dalilin wannan aikin, kuma ta ce ɓangaren jin kai na wannan motsi ya burge ta sosai. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allinson |first=Anna P. |date=1895-12-07 |title=I Have Been a Vegetarian for Nearly Twelve Years |journal=[[The Vegetarian (London periodical)|The Vegetarian]] |volume=8 |issue=49 |pages=606}}</ref> Ta shiga cikin yunkurin gyaran abinci . Ta halarci tarurrukan da suka shafi wannan motsi kuma ta kasance cikin ayyukan kare dabbobi, hana yaduwar cututtuka, hawa keke, kiɗa, da kuma [[Zaɓen Mata|zaɓen mata]] . Allinson ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'ajin girmamawa da kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar mata masu cin ganyayyaki . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 1897: The Women's Vegetarian Union (International) |url=https://ivu.org/history/vfu/1897-report-women.html |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=[[International Vegetarian Union]]}}</ref> A lokacin takaddama a cikin ƙungiyar, Allinson ta fi son kawo ƙarshen alaƙarta da sauran al'ummomi. <ref name="Gregory 2007">{{Cite book|last3=James Gregory (historian)}}</ref> : 173  === Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa === Allinson ya haɗu da likitan kuma mai gyaran abinci Thomas Allinson a shekarar 1887. Sun yi aure a ranar 2 ga Agusta 1888 a Paddington, Middlesex . Suna da 'ya'ya biyar, waɗanda aka rene su da "ƙa'idodin ɗan adam": <ref name="Gregory 2007"/> : 169 mai zane Adrian Allinson (1890–1959); <ref name="Simkin 2020"/> likitan Bertrand P. Allinson (daga shekara ta 1891 zuwa ta 1975); <ref>{{Cite web |title=Births Sep 1891: Allinson, Bertrand P. |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=3X%2FNi14cpPLI3oMNDkCq8A&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Dr. Bertrand P. Allinson M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (UK) 1958-63 |url=https://ivu.org/history-legacy-pages/history-of-the-international-vegetarian-union/biographies/2216-dr-bertrand-p-allinson-m-r-c-s-l-r-c-p-uk-1958-63.html |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[International Vegetarian Union]] |archive-date=2025-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251029062013/https://ivu.org/history-legacy-pages/history-of-the-international-vegetarian-union/biographies/2216-dr-bertrand-p-allinson-m-r-c-s-l-r-c-p-uk-1958-63.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Cyril Allinson (daga shekara ta 1895 zuwa shekara ta 1986); <ref>{{Cite web |title=Births Dec 1895: Allinson, Cyril Pulvermacher |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=KzUA04TVjb7Me2rAfycCKA&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaths 1986: Allinson, Cyril Pendennis |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=69ZcDpY%2FGLcTzaC2pBwOQg&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> Dulcie Allinson (daga shekara ta 1898 zuwa shekara ta 1898); <ref>{{Cite web |title=Births Mar 1898: Allinson, Dulcie Pulvermacher |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=VTJaDpuI0ZQ4rOVuAoeODw&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaths Sep 1898: Allinson, Dulcie Pulvermacher |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=7lva6NRLAI5apBdvVNysLA&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> da marubuciya kuma mawaƙiya Francesca Allinson (daga shekara ta 1902 zuwa shekara ta 1945). <ref name="Southworth"/> Thomas ya mutu a shekara ta 1918. Allinson ya mutu a ranar 10 ga watan Yuli shekara ta 1938 a Brondesbury, Middlesex, yana da shekaru 82. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anna Allinson |url=https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1904/records/4104828?tid=184416712&pid=422410327694&ssrc=pt |url-access=subscription |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=[[National Probate Calendar]] |via=[[Ancestry.com]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deaths Sep 1938: Allinson, Anna |url=https://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?cite=ZyirpaKrgk2vv26i3yTtmw&scan=1 |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=[[FreeBMD]] |publisher=[[Office for National Statistics|ONS]]}}</ref> An kona ta a wurin ajiye gawawwaki na Golders Green a ranar 13 ga . == Hotunan Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> Fayil:Anna_Allinson_-_Self-portrait,_c._1879.png|alt=Self-portrait, c. 1879| Hoton kai, {{Circa|1879}} Fayil:Anna_Pulvermacher_-_Lying_Jack_Russell_Terrier.png|alt=Lying Jack Russell Terrier, 1880| ''Mai Kwanya Jack Russell Terrier'', 1880 Fayil:Anna_Pulvermacher_-_Portrait_of_a_Young_Girl.png|alt=Portrait of a Young Girl, 1881| ''Hoton Wata Yarinya'', 1881 Fayil:Anna_Pulvermacher_-_Portrait_of_a_Girl.png|alt=Portrait of a Girl, 1882| ''Hoton Yarinya'', 1882 </gallery> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> d6jab80yusrli5lk6abdp15nhjuyg35 0 163820 915785 898367 2026-09-03T21:12:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Astrid Epiney''', an haife ta a Wander (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Yuli 1965) lauya ce daga Jamus-Switzerland. Ita farfesa ce a fannin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, dokokin Turai da kuma dokokin jama'a na Switzerland a Jami'ar Fribourg, kuma ta zama shugabar makarantar a karon farko a shekarar 2015. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Freiburg |first=Etat de Fribourg / Staat |title=Le Conseil d'Etat ratifie l'élection de la Professeure Astrid Epiney en tant que Rectrice de l'Université de Fribourg |url=http://www.fr.ch/dics/fr/pub/actualites.cfm?fuseaction_pre=Detail&NewsID=47415 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308214754/https://www.fr.ch/dics/fr/pub/actualites.cfm?fuseaction_pre=Detail&NewsID=47415 |archive-date=2016-03-08 |access-date=2016-02-22 |website=www.fr.ch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Faculté de droit - Université de Fribourg |title=Droit public - Faculté de droit - Université de Fribourg |url=http://www.unifr.ch/ius/fr/departementsetchaires/droitpublic |website=www.unifr.ch}}</ref> == Sana'a == Astrid Epiney ta yi karatu a garinsu na [[Mainz]] kuma ta yi karatun lauya a Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg ta Mainz . Ta sami digirin digirgir a can a shekarar 1991, kuma daga 1989 zuwa 1991 ta kuma karanci fannin shari'a a Switzerland a Jami'ar Lausanne . Bayan kammala karatun digirin digirgir a Cibiyar Jami'ar Turai da ke Florence (1991-1992), ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike a IDHEAP da ke Lausanne daga 1992 zuwa 1994. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Astrid Epiney, nächste Rektorin der Universität Freiburg |url=http://www.unifr.ch/news/de/12467/ |website=www.unifr.ch}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Weblaw - Von Juristen für Juristen. Single point of entry. |url=http://www.weblaw.ch/fr/competence/people/e/epiney_astrid.html |access-date=2016-02-22 |website=Weblaw - Von Juristen für Juristen. Single point of entry.}}</ref> A watan Satumba na shekarar 1994 aka naɗa ta mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Fribourg, kuma a shekarar 1996 aka naɗa ta farfesa ta yau da kullun kuma darakta a Cibiyar Dokokin Turai. Ta kasance shugabar sashen shari'a (2005–2007), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fribourg |first=Faculté de droit - Université de |title=Accueil - Faculté de droit - Université de Fribourg |url=http://www.unifr.ch/ius/fr/accueil |website=www.unifr.ch}}</ref> memba na gidauniyar kimiyya ta ƙasa ta Switzerland (2002–2010), mataimakiyar shugabar jami'ar (2007–2011) kuma shugabar [[Swiss Council for Science and Innovation|majalisar kimiyya da kirkire-kirkire ta Switzerland]] (2012–2015). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conseil suisse de la science et de l'innovation CSSI |url=http://www.swir.ch/fr/le-cssi/organisation/anciens-membres-du-cssi |website=www.swir.ch |access-date=2026-08-14 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222143616/http://www.swir.ch/fr/le-cssi/organisation/anciens-membres-du-cssi |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2014, jami'ar ta zabi shugabanta na tsawon shekarar 2015 zuwa 2019. Littattafan da ta wallafa sun haɗa da littattafai kusan 20 a fannin dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa, na Turai da na Switzerland. An san ta musamman da rubuce-rubucenta kan dangantakar da ke tsakanin Switzerland da Tarayyar Turai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conseil suisse de la science et de l'innovation CSSI |url=http://www.swir.ch/fr/le-cssi/organisation/le-conseil?id=252 |website=www.swir.ch |access-date=2026-08-14 |archive-date=2016-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309000545/http://www.swir.ch/fr/le-cssi/organisation/le-conseil?id=252 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Epiney kuma mai kunna bututun organ ne. Ta yi horo wajen buga kayan kida a Mainz daga 1980 zuwa 1983, inda ta kuma jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa tsakanin 1983 da 1988. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salem |first=Par Gilbert |date=14 September 2015 |title=L'Université de Fribourg a sa timonière |url=http://www.24heures.ch/portraits/astrid-epiney-rectrice/story/25830885 |publisher= |via=[[24 heures (Switzerland)|24 heures]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * 1995: Kyautar Latsis ta ƙasa ta Gidauniyar Kimiyya ta Ƙasa ta Switzerland . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prix Latsis National par le Fonds National Suisse - www.fondationlatsis.org |url=http://www.fondationlatsis.org/prix-latsis-national |website=www.fondationlatsis.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Article Window |url=http://www.letempsarchives.ch/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=JDG/1995/11/14/12/Ar01205.xml&CollName=JDG_1990_1999&DOCID=265726&PageLabelPrint=12&Skin=LeTempsFr&enter=true&AW=1456881266343&AppName=2&sPublication=JDG&sScopeID=All&sSorting=IssueDateID%252Cdesc&sQuery=Astrid%2520Epiney&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&ViewMode=HTML |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308212042/http://www.letempsarchives.ch/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Search&Key=JDG%2F1995%2F11%2F14%2F12%2FAr01205.xml&CollName=JDG_1990_1999&DOCID=265726&PageLabelPrint=12&Skin=LeTempsFr&enter=true&AW=1456881266343&AppName=2&sPublication=JDG&sScopeID=All&sSorting=IssueDateID%252Cdesc&sQuery=Astrid%2520Epiney&rEntityType=&sSearchInAll=false&ViewMode=HTML |archive-date=2016-03-08 |access-date=2018-10-26}}</ref> * 2011: Jarumin Ƙungiyar Daraja . Ta sami kyautar ne saboda aikinta a fannin dokokin Turai, haɗin gwiwarta na ƙasashen duniya da kuma aikin koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2011 |title=La Professeure Astrid Epiney décorée de la Légion d'Honneur |url=http://www.myscience.ch/fr/news/wire/la_professeure_astrid_epiney_decoree_de_la_legion_d_honneur-2011-unifr |website=www.myscience.ch}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Astrid Epiney mit Ehrenlegion ausgezeichnet |url=http://www.unifr.ch/news/de/7497/ |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-27 |title=Prof. Astrid Epiney mit Ehrenlegion ausgezeichnet :: Universität Freiburg |url=http://www.unifr.ch/scm/de/news/7497/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927044005/http://www.unifr.ch/scm/de/news/7497/ |archive-date=27 September 2011 |access-date=2023-05-08}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 82woeetyc5wwassc5kvdhep90nzz6ye 0 163906 915952 909284 2026-09-04T07:40:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Camp Quest''' ƙungiya ce da ke ba da sansanonin zama na lokacin bazara [[Humanism|ga]] yara a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], [[Switzerland]] da [[Norway]] . <ref name="Camp Quest Mission">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Camp Quest Mission |url=http://www.campquest.org/mission |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610143228/http://www.campquest.org/mission |archive-date=2011-06-10 |access-date=2011-06-05 |publisher=Camp Quest, Inc}}</ref> <ref name="swiss2017">{{Cite web |title=Camp Quest Schweiz |url=http://campquest.ch/ |access-date=23 May 2015}}</ref> An fara gudanar da shi a shekarar 1996 a [[Kentucky]] don samar da madadin sansanonin bazara na gargajiya da ke da alaƙa da addini, ga yaran iyalai marasa addini, masu ra'ayin ɗan adam ko masu tunani mai 'yanci da kuma yara daga tarbiyyar addini. <ref name="kotv2017">{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Summer Camp Caters To Non-Religious Kids |url=http://www.newson6.com/story/22626731/summer-camp-caters-to-non-religious-science-minded-kids |access-date=2 August 2017 |website=News on 6 |publisher=KOTV |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805020944/http://www.newson6.com/story/22626731/summer-camp-caters-to-non-religious-science-minded-kids |url-status=dead }}</ref> Camp Quest a halin yanzu ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin sansani guda 13 masu alaƙa kuma babban darektanta na yanzu shine Kim Newton. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Meet our Staff |url=https://campquest.org/staff |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729220704/https://www.campquest.org/staff |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=2015-07-20 |publisher=Camp Quest}}</ref> == Tsarin aiki == A shekarar 1995, a wani taro na Majalisar Humanism ta Duniya (CSH) da aka gudanar a Amherst, New York, a matsayin martani ga korar yaran da ba sa bin addini daga cikin Boy Scouts of America da sansanoninsu, an gabatar da shawarar kafa sansanin bazara na duniya ga yaran da ba sa bin addini da kuma iyalan da ba sa bin addini. Edwin Kagin, wanda ya halarci taron a matsayin wakilin Ƙungiyar Bincike ta 'Yancin Kai ta Greater Cincinnati da Arewacin Kentucky (FIG), ya dawo da ra'ayin zuwa ga FIG kuma ƙungiyar ta ƙuduri aniyar yin hakan, kwamitin tsare-tsare wanda Vern Uchtman ke jagoranta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.campquest.org/history}}</ref> An zaɓi Kagin don zama darektan farko na sansanin saboda kasancewarsa ɗan wasan Eagle Scout lokacin yana ƙarami. Matar Kagin Helen Kagin da sauran membobin FIG suma sun taka rawa daban-daban a sansanin. An zaɓi sunan Camp Quest, haruffan da ke wakiltar <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.campquest.org/ |website=campquest.org}}</ref> "Tambaya, Fahimta, Bincike, Bincike, Gwaji". Lambar Morse don CQ (kiran mara waya don "Seek You") ita ma ta zama alama a kan hula da riguna na sansanin. CSH ce ta bayar da tallafin kuɗi. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, 1996, sansanin farko ya faru ne a harabar cocin Bullittsburg Baptist Church da ke gundumar Boone, Kentucky, inda yara 20 suka halarta daga jihohi biyar. A shekarar 1999, Camp Quest ta koma wani sansanin YMCA da ke kusa da [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]], Camp Kern, inda ƙungiyar Baptist ta Arewacin Kentucky ta nemi haƙƙin doka na takaita amfani da sansaninsu bisa ga imanin addini. Bisa buƙatarsu, Wakilin Kentucky na wancan lokacin, Tom Kerr, ya ɗauki nauyin yin dokoki (Dokar Majalisa ta 70) waɗanda suka keɓe ƙungiyoyin addini daga buƙatun hana nuna wariya na dokokin zama na jama'a. Dokarsa ba ta yi nasara ba kuma an zartar da kudirin a shekarar 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=Camp Quest Lease of Baptist Summer Camp Spurs Legislative Efforts to Exempt Churches from Public Accommodation Laws |url=http://www.edwinkagin.com/documents/bullittsburg/ |publisher=Edwin Kagin |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2020-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926184357/http://www.edwinkagin.com/documents/bullittsburg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Camp Quest Inc. == A shekara ta 2000, Camp Quest ya faɗaɗa tare da sansanonin 'yan cin gashin kansu da ke aiki a faɗin Amurka tare da wannan sanarwar manufa, wanda ya zama Camp Quest Inc., wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta ilimi mai zaman kanta, a shekara ta 2007 tare da Fred Edwords a matsayin shugabanta na farko. <ref name="cq2017">{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.campquest.org/history/ |access-date=28 July 2017 |website=Camp Quest}}</ref> Camp Quest Inc. yanzu tana aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar laima ga duk masu haɗin gwiwa na Camp Quest a Arewacin Amurka. Edwin da Helen Kagin sun ci gaba da zama daraktocin farko na Camp Quest da ke [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] har zuwa lokacin da suka yi ritaya a shekarar 2005. Asalin sansanin Camp Quest ya koma 4-H Camp Graham da ke Clarksville, Ohio, inda yake a yanzu. Ƙungiyar farko da ta fara gudanar da zaman sansanin bazara na Camp Quest ita ce Rationalists of East Tennessee, <ref name="et2017">{{Cite web |title=Rationalists of East Tennessee - Home |url=http://rationalists.org/ |website=rationalists.org}}</ref> wadda ta dauki nauyin zaman sansaninta na farko a Tennessee a ƙarƙashin sunan Camp Quest of the Smoky Mountains a shekara ta 2002. a shekarar 2009, Camp Quest ya faɗaɗa a wajen Arewacin Amurka, inda aka ƙaddamar da Camp Quest UK a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] . Daraktan Camp Quest na Burtaniya na yanzu, Samantha Stein, ta zama mai aikin sa kai ga ƙungiyar a wani sansani da ke [[Michigan]] kuma an sa ta fara sansani a Burtaniya tare da ƙungiyar masu sa kai. <ref name="ind2017">{{Cite web |date=5 January 2014 |title=Summertime camps boom: The 'Godless alternative' for non-believers |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/summertime-camps-boom-the-godless-alternative-for-non-believers-1675815.html |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=The Independent}}</ref> <ref name="jref" /> An tallafa wa sansanin farko na Burtaniya da tallafin kuɗi daga Gidauniyar Richard Dawkins don Dalili da Kimiyya, kuma an gudanar da shi a Somerset . Stein ya gabatar da wani labari mai jan hankali ga manema labarai lokacin da jaridar ''Sunday Times'' ta buga wani labari a shafin farko a Camp Quest UK mai taken 'Dawkins ta kafa sansanin yara don koyar da wadanda ba su yarda da Allah ba'. <ref name="jref">{{Cite web |last=Sturgess |first=Kylie |author-link=Kylie Sturgess |title=Philosophising Children And Camp Quest UK – Interview With Samantha Stein |url=http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/1761-philosophising-children-and-camp-quest-uk-interview-with-samantha-stein.html |access-date=13 April 2014 |website=[[James Randi Educational Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref name="tele2017">{{Cite web |last=Leach |first=Ben |date=28 June 2009 |title=Richard Dawkins launches children's summer camp for atheists |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/5674934/Richard-Dawkins-launches-childrens-summer-camp-for-atheists.html |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> Daga baya jaridar Times ta ci gaba da saka shi a cikin ''sansanin 'yan yara mafi kyau a Burtaniya'' da kuma ''hutun yara 10 mafi kyau'' . CQUK ta kuma sami goyon baya daga Humanists UK . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2015 |title=Our supporters |url=http://camp-quest.org.uk/supporters/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805055854/http://camp-quest.org.uk/supporters/ |archive-date=5 August 2017 |access-date=4 August 2017 |website=Camp Quest UK}}</ref> An ƙaddamar da Camp Quest Norway a shekarar 2011 <ref name="frit2017">{{Cite web |last=Gran |first=Even |date=15 November 2010 |title=Første norske Camp quest-leir neste sommer (First Norwegian Camp Quest camp next summer) |url=http://fritanke.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=6934 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729230152/http://fritanke.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=6934 |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=Fritanke.no}}</ref> sannan aka fara amfani da Camp Quest Switzerland a shekarar 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Camp Quest |url=http://www.frei-denken.ch/de/ziele/evolutionarer-humanismus/camp-quest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729230710/http://www.frei-denken.ch/de/ziele/evolutionarer-humanismus/camp-quest/ |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=Frei Denken}}</ref> An gudanar da Camp Quest Ireland a matsayin taron kwana biyu a Dublin a shekarar 2010. <ref name="ire2017">{{Cite web |title=Camp Quest Ireland |url=https://www.humanism.ie/2010/04/camp-quest-ireland/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729232405/https://www.humanism.ie/2010/04/camp-quest-ireland/ |archive-date=2017-07-29 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=Humanist Association of Ireland}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye da ayyuka == Yawancin ayyukan sansanonin sun haɗa da abubuwan da suka faru a sansanin bazara na gargajiya: gobarar sansani, waƙa, sana'o'i, wasanni, iyo, kwale-kwale da kuma harbin baka. Wasu ayyukan suna bincika kimiyya da yanayi kuma suna iya haɗawa da ilimin yanayi, ilmin taurari, <ref name="gua2017">{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Steven |date=29 July 2009 |title=The great unicorn hunt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2009/jul/29/camp-quest-richard-dawkins |access-date=28 July 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> juyin halitta ko gina rokoki. <ref name="kotv2017"/> Ana kuma ƙarfafa masu sansanin su bincika [[Camfi|tatsuniyoyi]] da [[falsafa]], <ref name="frit2017"/> gami da tattauna ɗabi'u a cikin sigar sansanin Socrates Cafe . Masu sansanin za su iya koyon [[Harshen Kurame na Amurka]], yin wasan kwaikwayo ko kuma koyon gina rediyo. <ref name="cqnw2017">{{Cite web |title=Life at camp |url=https://campquestnorthwest.org/life-at-camp/ |access-date=4 August 2017 |website=Camp Quest North West}}</ref> Duk shirye-shiryen suna da nufin gabatar da 'yan wasa tsakanin shekaru 8 zuwa 17 ga tunani mai zurfi, dabaru da kuma tunani mai 'yanci . <ref name="wp2017" /> Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, Camp Quest ta bayyana cewa ba za ta raba ayyukan ta hanyar jinsi ba kuma ta gabatar da manufofi don ɗaukar nauyin waɗanda ba su da jinsi biyu da kuma waɗanda suka yi hijira zuwa wasu ƙasashe daban-daban. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marusic |first=Kristina |title=This Camp Is Making Itself Trans-Inclusive In The Most Amazing Way |url=http://www.newnownext.com/transgender-camp-camp-quest-west/01/2017/ |access-date=2 August 2017 |website=Logo TV |publisher=Viacom International}}</ref> === Kalubalen unicorn mara ganuwa === A lokacin Camp Quest, mahalarta taron za su fuskanci ƙalubalen unicorn da ba a iya gani, wanda ke nufin nuna cewa ba za a iya tabbatar da wani mummunan abu ba. <ref name="tele2017" /> Aikin yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don ƙarfafa yara su yi amfani da dabaru da kuma bincika ra'ayoyi game da nauyin shaida kuma yana ƙalubalantar yaran su tabbatar da cewa babu unicorn da ba a gani. An gaya wa yaran cewa akwai ƙanan ƙaho guda biyu marasa ganuwa a Camp Quest kuma akwai wani littafi mai daraja da ke tabbatar da wanzuwarsu wanda aka yi ta yaɗawa daga tsara zuwa tsara amma ba a yarda kowa ya karanta ba. Duk wani mai sansani da zai iya tabbatar da cewa babu unicorn zai lashe takardar kudi ta dala dari daya (wanda aka bayar kafin 1957, shekarar da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ba da umarnin a buga " In God We Trust " a kan kudin Amurka na fiat ). A Burtaniya kyautar takardar kuɗi ce ta £10 wacce Richard Dawkins ya sanya wa hannu. <ref name="gua2017" /> Tun lokacin da aka fara gabatar da wannan ƙalubalen a watan Agusta na 1996, har yanzu ba a karɓi kyautar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2009 |title=Frequently Asked Questions about Camp Quest |url=http://www.camp-quest.org.uk/frequently-asked-questions/the-invisible-unicorn-challenge/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303233901/http://www.camp-quest.org.uk/frequently-asked-questions/the-invisible-unicorn-challenge/ |archive-date=2012-03-03 |access-date=2010-07-20 |publisher=Camp Quest UK}}</ref> Rassa na ƙasashen duniya: * Camp Quest UK (Yuli 2009) <ref name="tele2017"/> * Camp Quest Ireland (An gudanar a shekarar 2010) <ref name="ire2017"/> * Neman Sansanin Norway (Yuli 2011) <ref name="frit2017"/> * Camp Quest Schweiz (Agusta 2013) a Switzerland. <ref name="swiss2017"/> == Duba kuma == * Unicorn mai ruwan hoda mara ganuwa * Kibbo Kift * Order of Woodcraft Chivalry * Sansanonin Prometheus * Binciken 'yan wasa * Wandervogel * Al'ummar Woodcraft == Manazarta == jmxtrom2y4rboc2ocvp3bzohiecl0ai 0 163925 915418 899630 2026-09-03T12:25:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 915418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach''' (Mayu 29, 1617 - Oktoba 17, 1672)<ref>Karl Obser: Oberrheinische Miniaturbildnisse …, S. 16</ref> mawaƙin Jamus ce kuma mai zane. Ta kasance 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden. == Rayuwa == Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden ce daga aurensa na biyu da Agathe na Erbach. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri (1621), ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar "mai aminci Starschedelin" a cikin Gidan Sarautar Dragon na Margrave da ke kan Ill a Strasbourg. Kamar ƙanwarta Elisabeth, ta sami cikakken ilimi, kodayake a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Tana da baiwar waƙa da fasaha, kuma tun da wuri ta fara rubutu da zane. A cewar Karl Obser (1935), wakokinta sun sami tasiri daga Strasbourg " [[Sincere Society of the Firs]] ". Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da maganganu. "Suna da hawayen baroque kuma suna bayyana hikimarsu ta koyarwa da ma'anar addininsu mai sauƙi ta hanya mai daɗi. Abin da ke cikin waƙa ƙarami ne, amma ra'ayin da Allah ya ba su game da rayuwa yana samun kuma yana ba da ta'aziyya". "Wasu misalan kanun labarai na iya nuna manufar ɗabi'a da gogewar rayuwarsu: Fushi mugunta ce ta dukkan mugunta. Aboki mai aminci babban taska ce, yabo ga tawali'u, tunani tun daga abada, Kyau ya wuce, nagarta ta ci gaba."<ref>W. E. Oestering: Geschichte der Literatur in Baden, S. 63/64</ref> Anna Maria ta Baden-Durlach ta kuma rubuta wata waka mai tsawo game da sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (1647), wata kyakkyawar [[bukolika]] a kan "Shugaban Ubangiji Selmmitzen Feldgut zu Berghausen". Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Italiyanci da Faransanci, waƙoƙin da ake rubutawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa ranakun sunaye. Ba a buga ayyukan adabinta a lokacin rayuwarta ba. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai alli ja, zane-zanen tawada da alkalami na Indiya, hotuna da kuma alamun da ke kan samfurin ƙasar Holland, nunin dabbobi da furanni. Aikinta yawanci ana ba wa 'yan uwa ko abokai.<ref>Hans Rott: Kunst und Künstler …, S. 77</ref> Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach tana da alaƙa da ƙanwarta Elisabeth, wadda ita ma take da himma a fannin fasaha, amma ba ta da baiwa sosai. Sun yi aiki tare a kan abubuwa da yawa. Anna Maria ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fasaha da yawa. Ta kware a fannin yanke takarda. Bayan ta shafe ƙuruciyarta a Strasbourg, daga baya ta zauna a kotunan Margravial da ke Basel da Strasbourg a lokaci guda. Ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba. Duk da cewa ta mutu a Basel, an binne ta a Pforzheim a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1672. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} s3uc7nxq8hdnbuur9jp96vemt7i2nf4 915419 915418 2026-09-03T12:25:34Z Pharouqenr 25549 915419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach''' (Mayu 29, 1617 - Oktoba 17, 1672)<ref>Karl Obser: Oberrheinische Miniaturbildnisse …, S. 16</ref> mawaƙin Jamus ce kuma mai zane. Ta kasance 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden. == Rayuwa == Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden ce daga aurensa na biyu da Agathe na Erbach. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri (1621), ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar "mai aminci Starschedelin" a cikin Gidan Sarautar Dragon na Margrave da ke kan Ill a Strasbourg. Kamar ƙanwarta Elisabeth, ta sami cikakken ilimi, kodayake a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Tana da baiwar waƙa da fasaha, kuma tun da wuri ta fara rubutu da zane. A cewar Karl Obser (1935), wakokinta sun sami tasiri daga Strasbourg "[[Sincere Society of the Firs]]". Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da maganganu. "Suna da hawayen baroque kuma suna bayyana hikimarsu ta koyarwa da ma'anar addininsu mai sauƙi ta hanya mai daɗi. Abin da ke cikin waƙa ƙarami ne, amma ra'ayin da Allah ya ba su game da rayuwa yana samun kuma yana ba da ta'aziyya". "Wasu misalan kanun labarai na iya nuna manufar ɗabi'a da gogewar rayuwarsu: Fushi mugunta ce ta dukkan mugunta. Aboki mai aminci babban taska ce, yabo ga tawali'u, tunani tun daga abada, Kyau ya wuce, nagarta ta ci gaba."<ref>W. E. Oestering: Geschichte der Literatur in Baden, S. 63/64</ref> Anna Maria ta Baden-Durlach ta kuma rubuta wata waka mai tsawo game da sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (1647), wata kyakkyawar [[bukolika]] a kan "Shugaban Ubangiji Selmmitzen Feldgut zu Berghausen". Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Italiyanci da Faransanci, waƙoƙin da ake rubutawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa ranakun sunaye. Ba a buga ayyukan adabinta a lokacin rayuwarta ba. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai alli ja, zane-zanen tawada da alkalami na Indiya, hotuna da kuma alamun da ke kan samfurin ƙasar Holland, nunin dabbobi da furanni. Aikinta yawanci ana ba wa 'yan uwa ko abokai.<ref>Hans Rott: Kunst und Künstler …, S. 77</ref> Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach tana da alaƙa da ƙanwarta Elisabeth, wadda ita ma take da himma a fannin fasaha, amma ba ta da baiwa sosai. Sun yi aiki tare a kan abubuwa da yawa. Anna Maria ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fasaha da yawa. Ta kware a fannin yanke takarda. Bayan ta shafe ƙuruciyarta a Strasbourg, daga baya ta zauna a kotunan Margravial da ke Basel da Strasbourg a lokaci guda. Ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba. Duk da cewa ta mutu a Basel, an binne ta a Pforzheim a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1672. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t1bwofkkeew5g9r74gag7z88coiwh5r 915420 915419 2026-09-03T12:25:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 915420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach''' (Mayu 29, 1617 - Oktoba 17, 1672)<ref>Karl Obser: Oberrheinische Miniaturbildnisse …, S. 16</ref> mawaƙin [[Jamus]] ce kuma mai zane. Ta kasance 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden. == Rayuwa == Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden ce daga aurensa na biyu da Agathe na Erbach. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri (1621), ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar "mai aminci Starschedelin" a cikin Gidan Sarautar Dragon na Margrave da ke kan Ill a Strasbourg. Kamar ƙanwarta Elisabeth, ta sami cikakken ilimi, kodayake a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Tana da baiwar waƙa da fasaha, kuma tun da wuri ta fara rubutu da zane. A cewar Karl Obser (1935), wakokinta sun sami tasiri daga Strasbourg "[[Sincere Society of the Firs]]". Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da maganganu. "Suna da hawayen baroque kuma suna bayyana hikimarsu ta koyarwa da ma'anar addininsu mai sauƙi ta hanya mai daɗi. Abin da ke cikin waƙa ƙarami ne, amma ra'ayin da Allah ya ba su game da rayuwa yana samun kuma yana ba da ta'aziyya". "Wasu misalan kanun labarai na iya nuna manufar ɗabi'a da gogewar rayuwarsu: Fushi mugunta ce ta dukkan mugunta. Aboki mai aminci babban taska ce, yabo ga tawali'u, tunani tun daga abada, Kyau ya wuce, nagarta ta ci gaba."<ref>W. E. Oestering: Geschichte der Literatur in Baden, S. 63/64</ref> Anna Maria ta Baden-Durlach ta kuma rubuta wata waka mai tsawo game da sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (1647), wata kyakkyawar [[bukolika]] a kan "Shugaban Ubangiji Selmmitzen Feldgut zu Berghausen". Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Italiyanci da Faransanci, waƙoƙin da ake rubutawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa ranakun sunaye. Ba a buga ayyukan adabinta a lokacin rayuwarta ba. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai alli ja, zane-zanen tawada da alkalami na Indiya, hotuna da kuma alamun da ke kan samfurin ƙasar Holland, nunin dabbobi da furanni. Aikinta yawanci ana ba wa 'yan uwa ko abokai.<ref>Hans Rott: Kunst und Künstler …, S. 77</ref> Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach tana da alaƙa da ƙanwarta Elisabeth, wadda ita ma take da himma a fannin fasaha, amma ba ta da baiwa sosai. Sun yi aiki tare a kan abubuwa da yawa. Anna Maria ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fasaha da yawa. Ta kware a fannin yanke takarda. Bayan ta shafe ƙuruciyarta a Strasbourg, daga baya ta zauna a kotunan Margravial da ke Basel da Strasbourg a lokaci guda. Ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba. Duk da cewa ta mutu a Basel, an binne ta a Pforzheim a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1672. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iryhr784iov9vgg4h3xvjyww9ns3ygj 915421 915420 2026-09-03T12:26:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 915421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach''' (Mayu 29, 1617 - Oktoba 17, 1672)<ref>Karl Obser: Oberrheinische Miniaturbildnisse …, S. 16</ref> mawaƙiyar [[Jamus]] ce kuma mai zane. Ta kasance 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden. == Rayuwa == Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden ce daga aurensa na biyu da Agathe na Erbach. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri (1621), ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar "mai aminci Starschedelin" a cikin Gidan Sarautar Dragon na Margrave da ke kan Ill a Strasbourg. Kamar ƙanwarta Elisabeth, ta sami cikakken ilimi, kodayake a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Tana da baiwar waƙa da fasaha, kuma tun da wuri ta fara rubutu da zane. A cewar Karl Obser (1935), wakokinta sun sami tasiri daga Strasbourg "[[Sincere Society of the Firs]]". Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da maganganu. "Suna da hawayen baroque kuma suna bayyana hikimarsu ta koyarwa da ma'anar addininsu mai sauƙi ta hanya mai daɗi. Abin da ke cikin waƙa ƙarami ne, amma ra'ayin da Allah ya ba su game da rayuwa yana samun kuma yana ba da ta'aziyya". "Wasu misalan kanun labarai na iya nuna manufar ɗabi'a da gogewar rayuwarsu: Fushi mugunta ce ta dukkan mugunta. Aboki mai aminci babban taska ce, yabo ga tawali'u, tunani tun daga abada, Kyau ya wuce, nagarta ta ci gaba."<ref>W. E. Oestering: Geschichte der Literatur in Baden, S. 63/64</ref> Anna Maria ta Baden-Durlach ta kuma rubuta wata waka mai tsawo game da sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (1647), wata kyakkyawar [[bukolika]] a kan "Shugaban Ubangiji Selmmitzen Feldgut zu Berghausen". Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Italiyanci da Faransanci, waƙoƙin da ake rubutawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa ranakun sunaye. Ba a buga ayyukan adabinta a lokacin rayuwarta ba. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai alli ja, zane-zanen tawada da alkalami na Indiya, hotuna da kuma alamun da ke kan samfurin ƙasar Holland, nunin dabbobi da furanni. Aikinta yawanci ana ba wa 'yan uwa ko abokai.<ref>Hans Rott: Kunst und Künstler …, S. 77</ref> Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach tana da alaƙa da ƙanwarta Elisabeth, wadda ita ma take da himma a fannin fasaha, amma ba ta da baiwa sosai. Sun yi aiki tare a kan abubuwa da yawa. Anna Maria ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fasaha da yawa. Ta kware a fannin yanke takarda. Bayan ta shafe ƙuruciyarta a Strasbourg, daga baya ta zauna a kotunan Margravial da ke Basel da Strasbourg a lokaci guda. Ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba. Duk da cewa ta mutu a Basel, an binne ta a Pforzheim a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1672. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mdwsx0tu3lbanuacnvvbbczi15sgsyx 915423 915421 2026-09-03T12:26:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 915423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach''' (Mayu 29, 1617 - Oktoba 17, 1672)<ref>Karl Obser: Oberrheinische Miniaturbildnisse …, S. 16</ref> mawaƙiyar [[Jamus]] ce kuma mai zane. Ta kasance 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden. == Rayuwa == Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach 'yar Margrave Georg Friedrich von Baden ce daga aurenta na biyu da Agathe na Erbach. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta da wuri (1621), ta girma a ƙarƙashin kulawar "mai aminci Starschedelin" a cikin Gidan Sarautar Dragon na Margrave da ke kan Ill a Strasbourg. Kamar ƙanwarta Elisabeth, ta sami cikakken ilimi, kodayake a lokacin Yaƙin Shekaru Talatin yana ƙara ta'azzara. Tana da baiwar waƙa da fasaha, kuma tun da wuri ta fara rubutu da zane. A cewar Karl Obser (1935), wakokinta sun sami tasiri daga Strasbourg "[[Sincere Society of the Firs]]". Ta rubuta waƙoƙi da maganganu. "Suna da hawayen baroque kuma suna bayyana hikimarsu ta koyarwa da ma'anar addininsu mai sauƙi ta hanya mai daɗi. Abin da ke cikin waƙa ƙarami ne, amma ra'ayin da Allah ya ba su game da rayuwa yana samun kuma yana ba da ta'aziyya". "Wasu misalan kanun labarai na iya nuna manufar ɗabi'a da gogewar rayuwarsu: Fushi mugunta ce ta dukkan mugunta. Aboki mai aminci babban taska ce, yabo ga tawali'u, tunani tun daga abada, Kyau ya wuce, nagarta ta ci gaba."<ref>W. E. Oestering: Geschichte der Literatur in Baden, S. 63/64</ref> Anna Maria ta Baden-Durlach ta kuma rubuta wata waka mai tsawo game da sarkin Sweden Gustavus Adolphus (1647), wata kyakkyawar [[bukolika]] a kan "Shugaban Ubangiji Selmmitzen Feldgut zu Berghausen". Ta kuma fassara waƙoƙi daga Italiyanci da Faransanci, waƙoƙin da ake rubutawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa ranakun sunaye. Ba a buga ayyukan adabinta a lokacin rayuwarta ba. Daga cikin ayyukanta akwai alli ja, zane-zanen tawada da alkalami na Indiya, hotuna da kuma alamun da ke kan samfurin ƙasar Holland, nunin dabbobi da furanni. Aikinta yawanci ana ba wa 'yan uwa ko abokai.<ref>Hans Rott: Kunst und Künstler …, S. 77</ref> Anna Maria von Baden-Durlach tana da alaƙa da ƙanwarta Elisabeth, wadda ita ma take da himma a fannin fasaha, amma ba ta da baiwa sosai. Sun yi aiki tare a kan abubuwa da yawa. Anna Maria ta ci gaba da tuntuɓar masu fasaha da yawa. Ta kware a fannin yanke takarda. Bayan ta shafe ƙuruciyarta a Strasbourg, daga baya ta zauna a kotunan Margravial da ke Basel da Strasbourg a lokaci guda. Ta ci gaba da zama ba tare da aure ba. Duk da cewa ta mutu a Basel, an binne ta a Pforzheim a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1672. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} czscib30zb0mgaoqsfbhquaobs4om2s 0 163966 915662 899931 2026-09-03T17:25:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anja Gockel''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga Mayu 1968) ƙwararriyar mai tsara kayan kwalliya ce ta Jamus. Salonta mai cike da mafarki da launuka iri-iri an san shi a duk duniya. <ref name="FAZ1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anja Gockel hat Kindermode immer größer gekauft |url=https://www.berlin.de/events/fashion-week/nachrichten/5646405-3717442-designerin-anja-gockel-hat-kindermode-im.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116114245/https://www.berlin.de/events/fashion-week/nachrichten/5646405-3717442-designerin-anja-gockel-hat-kindermode-im.html |archive-date=2019-01-16 |access-date=2019-05-20 |language=German}}</ref> <ref name="goethe59677">{{Cite web |last=Ingrid Loschek |title=Den Alltag zur Sensation machen |url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/ca/tor/kue/des/de59677.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090328130536/http://www.goethe.de/ins/ca/tor/kue/des/de59677.htm |archive-date=28 March 2009 |publisher=Goethe-Instituts |language=German}}</ref> Abokan cinikinta sun haɗa da mashahurai irin su Sarauniya Silvia ta Sweden, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anja Gockel ist Schwedens Hofschneiderin |url=http://www.mdr.de/brisant/koenigshaeuser/539941.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030219181757/http://www.mdr.de/brisant/koenigshaeuser/539941.html |archive-date=19 February 2003 |publisher=Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk |language=German}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Annette Bassler |date=2008-06-08 |title=Pfarrerin Annette Bassler trifft Anja Gockel, Modedesignerin, Mainz |url=https://www.kirche-im-swr.de/?page=manuskripte&id=3842 |access-date=2020-09-04 |website=SWR1 Begegnungen |publisher=Rundfunkarbeit der Kirchen am SWR, Stuttgart |language=German}}</ref> Ann-Kathrin Kramer, Barbara Schöneberger, Mina Tander da Marietta Slomka . == Sana'a == Daga 1987 zuwa 1995, Gockel ya yi karatun zane-zane a Jami'ar Hamburg ta Kimiyyar Aiki da kuma a Central Saint Martins da ke [[Landan]] . Daga 1995 zuwa 1996, ta yi aiki a [[Vivienne Westwood]] kuma ta ƙirƙiri layin h 'na Carlotta h'Glesse. Tun daga shekarar 1996, tana da nata kamfanin kayan kwalliya Anja Gockel London don kayan kwalliyar mata tare da jan tambarin kamfanin. A shekara ta 2000, Gockel ta koma [[Mainz]], inda ta koma wani situdiyo a Alte Patrone. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anja Gockel im Profil: Erfolgreiche Modedesignerin aus Mainz |url=https://gold.rlp.de/testimonial-anja-gockel |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=gold.rlp.de}}</ref> Ta gabatar da shirin ƙarshe na Next Topmodel na Jamus na Heidi Klum sau uku <ref>{{Cite web |title=Website der 4. Staffel von Germany's Next Topmodel |url=http://www.prosieben.ch/lifestyle_magazine/germanys_next_topmodel_staffel4/extras/gewinnspiele/artikel/61973/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322221313/http://www.prosieben.ch/lifestyle_magazine/germanys_next_topmodel_staffel4/extras/gewinnspiele/artikel/61973/ |archive-date=2009-03-22 |access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref> kuma sau biyu tana nan kai tsaye. Da farko, Gockel ya tashi zuwa [[Los Angeles]] don kakar wasa ta huɗu . A shekara ta 2010, Klum da matasan samfuranta sun zo Berlin don bikin baje kolin kayan kwalliya na Gockel. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2010 |title=Follow-Up Of Germany's Next Topmodel: The Candidates On Anja Gockel's Catwalk In Berlin |url=http://www.vogue.de/articles/models/models/gntm/2010/03/09/20036 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310224231/http://www.vogue.de/articles/models/models/gntm/2010/03/09/20036 |archive-date=10 March 2010 |website=vogue.de |language=de}}</ref> Manyan samfura masu nasara a duniya kamar [[Alek Wek]] suma suna aiki a kamfanin Jamus, <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2010 |title=Anja Gockel wintermode |url=http://www.vogue.de/articles/fashion-shows/fashion-shows/alek-wek/2010/01/25/19576 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127020140/http://www.vogue.de/articles/fashion-shows/fashion-shows/alek-wek/2010/01/25/19576 |archive-date=27 January 2010 |website=vogue.de |language=de}}</ref> wanda ya sami damar bunƙasa a shekarar 2010. A shekarar 2014, Gockel ya shiga bikin baje kolin kasuwanci na Chic Beijing a karon farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reinhold |first=Kirsten |date=26 November 2013 |title=Chic Beijing: Mehr internationale Aussteller. |url=http://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/Chic-Beijing-Mehr-internationale-Aussteller_89312.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314211006/http://www.textilwirtschaft.de/business/Chic-Beijing-Mehr-internationale-Aussteller_89312.html |archive-date=14 March 2014 |access-date=30 June 2021 |publisher=textilwirtschaft.de |language=German}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, ta yi bikin cika shekaru 20 da kafa kamfanin kayan kwalliyarta a Makon Kayan kwalliya na Berlin . A watan Janairun 2017, Cibiyar Zane-zanen Kayan Zamani da Yadi ta Jamus ta ba Gockel lambar yabo ta Zane na Shekarar 2017. A lokaci guda kuma, baje kolin kayan kwalliyarta ya gudana ne a karon farko a lokacin makon kayan kwalliya na Berlin a zauren Otal ɗin Adlon Kempinski da ke Brandenburg Gate. A shekarar 2018 an naɗa ta jakadiyar zane da al'adun ado (cibiyar masu zane-zanen kayan ado da yadi na Jamus). A watan Maris na 2020, Gockel ta buɗe shagonta na farko a [[Berlin]], mai suna "Paris44". == Liyafar maraba == * 1994: Ya lashe gasar Majalisar Zane ta Philipp Morris <ref name="goethe59677"/> * 2012: Ribbon Zinare na Zinare * 2017: Mai Zane na Shekara ta Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer * 2018: Jakadan Zane-zane da Al'adun Zane-zane, Cibiyar Masu Zane-zanen Zane da Yadi na Jamus * 2019: ''Kyautar Kirkirar Halayyar Kasuwanci Mai Kyau tare da Neman Karɓar Ƙasa da Ƙasashen Duniya'' daga Shirin Gaba na Rhineland-Palatinate (ZIRP) * 2020: Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, Sufuri, Noma da Noma ta Rhineland-Palatinate ta amince da alamar Gockel a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ''Kamfanoni 30 Mafi Dorewa a Rhineland-Palatinate'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ihre gewünschte Seite konnte leider nicht gefunden werden! |url=https://nachhaltig-wirtschaften.rlp.de/unternehmen/anja-gockel/ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Gockel yana aiki a [[Mainz]]. Tana da aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya huɗu. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] eu193a7eozp9uprh4u2n6eweu5542y1 0 163982 916033 900093 2026-09-04T10:36:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916033 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charlotte Klonk''' Masanin tarihin fasaha ne na Jamus . <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Rosemary Sorensen]] |date=2010-02-22 |title=Picture placement to lure the eye |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arts/picture-placement-to-lure-the-eye/story-e6frg8n6-1225832725916 |access-date=2011-02-02 |publisher=The Australian}}</ref> Klonk ta fi shahara saboda aikinta a kan fasahar shimfidar wuri ta Ingilishi a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas da farkon karni na sha tara, da kuma aikinta a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya, musamman fararen cube. A halin yanzu farfesa ce a tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte Klonk - Institut für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte - HU Berlin |url=http://www.kunstgeschichte.hu-berlin.de/personen/professorinnen/charlotte-klonk/}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Klonk ya yi karatun Tarihin fasaha a Jami'o'in Hamburg da Cambridge . Ta kasance dalibi na Ph.D. a Kwalejin Newnham, Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1989 zuwa 1992. Taken rubutun shine Kimiyya da Ra'ayi na Yanayi: Fasahar Yanayi ta Burtaniya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19. " <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome &#124; Yale University Press |url=http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300069501}}</ref> Daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 1993 ta yi aiki a Gidan Tarihi na van Hedendaagse Kunst a Ghent (Director: Jan Hoet). A shekara ta 1993 ta sami Junior Research Fellowship a Christ Church, Oxford, kuma daga shekarar 1995 zuwa 2005 ta kasance malami a Sashen Tarihin Fasaha a Jami'ar Warwick . Tun daga shekara ta 2006 ta koyar da tarihin fasaha a Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Charlotte Klonk - AcademiaNet |url=http://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-dr-charlotte-klonk/1204982 |access-date=2026-08-15 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119132126/https://www.academia-net.org/profil/prof-dr-charlotte-klonk/1204982 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka, Kyaututtaka, Kyautattun Kyaututtoka == Daga shekara ta 1986 zuwa 1990 Klonk ya sami tallafin karatu daga Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes kuma daga shekarar 1989 zuwa 1992 ya sami tallafi na digiri na biyu daga Kwalejin Burtaniya, [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|DAAD]] da Studienstiffung des Deutscher Volkes . A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1998 an zaɓi littafinta Science and the Perception a matsayin Littafin da ke da tasiri ta hanyar American Society of Eighteenth Century Studies . Daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2002 Charlotte Klonk ta kasance [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt|Alexander von Humboldt Fellow]] a Cibiyar Max Planck don Tarihin Kimiyya a [[Berlin]] kuma daga shekarar 2005 zuwa 2006 Fellow a cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Berlin. A shekara ta 2009 an zaba ta a matsayin mai halarta a cikin Berlin ProFil-Program don shugabannin jami'a. A cikin shekara ta 2019 ta zama memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jamus Leopoldina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlotte Klonk |url=https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/charlotte-klonk/ |access-date=26 May 2021 |publisher=German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3zk5skysl3jux08n734em45nibye6kf 0 164224 915930 909136 2026-09-04T03:28:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bettina von Arnim''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 1940, a Zernikow) [[:de:Realismus (Kunst)#Neuer_Realismus|ƙwararriyar]] mai zane ce, mai zane da zane, kuma ƙwararriyar mai zane, an haife ta a Jamus.<ref name="BvAlautCafe">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2016 |title=Bettina von Arnim (geboren 1940 in Zernikow, lebt und arbeitet in Concots, Frankreich |url=https://cafedeutschland.staedelmuseum.de/gespraeche/bettina-von-arnim/bio |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=Im Gespräch mit der ersten Kunstszene der BRD |publisher=Städel Museum / Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt am Main}}</ref> == Rayuwa == === Asalin da kuma farkon yara === An haifi Bettina von Arnim a cikin tuddan Brandenburg da ke arewacin Berlin a Zernikow (kamar yadda aka san ta a wancan lokacin) inda Baron Friedmund von Arnim (1897-1946), mahaifinta, shi ne ubangidan gidan sarauta (a wannan lokacin ana bin ta bashi sosai). Kamar yadda al'amura suka bayyana, shi ne ubangidan gidan sarauta na ƙarshe. Ita ce ta biyar cikin 'ya'ya shida da iyayenta suka haifa: sauran biyar duk maza ne. Ta hanyar dangin mahaifinta Bettina von Arnim jikanyar marubuciyar soyayya ce Bettina von Arnim (1785-1859). Mai zane [[:de:Bettina Encke von Arnim|Bettina Encke von Arnim]] (1895-1971) ita ce kanwar mahaifinta. Mahaifiyarta, haifaffen [[:de:Clara von Arnim|Klara von Hagens]] (1909-2009) ta fito ne daga Kassel . Clara von Arnim (kamar yadda mahaifiyar Bettina ta shahara) lauya ce wadda ta zama mai sayar da magunguna kuma a shekarar 1998, a ƙarshen rayuwarta, ta sami nasara a matsayin marubuciya. A cikin shekaru biyar na farko na rayuwar Bettina matashiya, gidan iyali shine "Schloss Wiepersdorf" inda suke zaune tare da dangi daban-daban da baƙi a gida. <ref name="WiepersdorflautJS">{{Cite web |last=Jürgen Stich |title=Die Herrschaft Wiepersdorf von 1900-1945 |url=https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/wiepersdorf-1900-1945/ |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121234417/https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/wiepersdorf-1900-1945/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya Bettina ta gano cewa da yawa daga cikin baƙin gidan suna ɓoyewa daga hukumomi, ciki har da Iwan Katz ɗan gurguzu (1889-1956), mai zane [[:de:Fritz Kuhr|Fritz Kuhr]] (1899-1975) da kuma matar da yaran suka sani a matsayin "Goggo Irma", mutum mai wayo da gaskiya wanda ke taimaka wa manyan 'yan'uwan Bettina da aikin makaranta kuma wani lokacin yana karanta labaran yara. "Goggo Irma" ita ce sunan da aka yi wa wata Bayahudiya wadda mijinta ya riga ya kasance a sansanin fursunoni. Wani daga cikin baƙi ya haɗa ƙwarewar mai yin tufafi da ta wani likitan magunguna . Ta kera tufafi ga mahaifiyar yaran, kuma an ba ta damar yin wasan piano na iyali mai daraja Bechstein (piano) . === Korar === A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 1945, safiyar Lahadi, Rashawa suka zo kuma yankin ya sami kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na yankin mamayar Soviet . <ref name="WiepersdorflautJS"/> <ref name="WiepersorfSBZ">{{Cite web |last=Jürgen Stich |title=Brandenburg in der SBZ 1945 |url=https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/brandenburg-in-der-sbz-1945/ |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=22 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122005206/https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/brandenburg-in-der-sbz-1945/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An kwace kadarorin iyalin ba tare da diyya ba, kuma nan da nan aka daidaita su don amfani da su a matsayin ofishin kwamandan Soviet. <ref name="Kommandantur">{{Cite web |last=Jürgen Stich |title=Sowjetische Kommandantur 1945 |url=https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/sowjetische-kommandantur/ |access-date=2 March 2020 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121232740/https://www.herrenhaus-wiepersdorf.de/sowjetische-kommandantur/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An tafi da mahaifin Bettina. Shekaru biyu bayan haka iyalan sun gano cewa ya mutu a sansanin fursunan yaƙi da ke [[Tula (gari)|Tula]] a watan Janairun 1946. (Bai taɓa zama soja a rundunar Hitler ba, kuma Soviets ne suka ɗauke shi bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yaƙin]] ya ƙare.) [[:de:Clara von Arnim|Clara von Arnim]] da yaran shida sun tsere zuwa Berlin kuma daga can suka gudu zuwa yamma, suka ƙare suna zaune kusa da [[Stuttgart]] a cikin abin da daga baya ya zama jihar tarayya ta Baden-Württemberg (Jamus ta Yamma) . <ref name="BvAlautCafe"/> === Ɗalibi === A lokacin da take yarinya 'yar makaranta tana girma a Schwäbisch Hall, ta sami tallafin kuɗi daga American Field Service wanda ya ba ta damar yin shekara guda a Cambridge, [[Massachusetts]] : ta dawo a shekarar 1958, ta wuce wasan ƙarshe na makarantarta (Abitur) a shekara mai zuwa. <ref name="BvAlautStaedel">{{Cite web |title=Bettina von Arnim |url=https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/de/person/arnim-bettina-von-1 |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=Painter (female), commercial artist (female), film designer (female) and motion picture artist |publisher=Städel Museum / Städelsches Kunstinstitut und Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt am Main}}</ref> Bayan ta bar makaranta kai tsaye ta yi aikin sa kai a asibiti, wanda hakan ya sa ta karɓi abincinta da abincinta. Ba ta da tabbas game da abin da za ta yi da rayuwarta, amma ta riga ta aika da wasu zane-zanenta da ruwan fenti "zuwa Berlin". Waɗannan a bayyane suke sun sami hanyarsu ta zuwa ga [[:de:Fritz Kuhr|Fritz Kuhr]] wanda aka kawo mata amsa mai kyau bayan 'yan makonni kaɗan a asibiti ("Sisterlette Bedina, kina da wasiƙa daga farfesa a Berlin!"). Ta ci gaba da karatu a sashen koyar da fasaha na National Academy of Vusual Arts ( <nowiki><i id="mwYQ">"Staatlichen Hochschule für Bildende Künste"</i></nowiki> - kamar yadda aka sani a lokacin) a Berlin-Schöneberg ( Berlin ta Yamma ) tsakanin 1960 zuwa 1965. Ta yi karatu a ƙarƙashin [[:de:Fritz Kuhr|Fritz Kuhr]], wacce abokiyar goggonta ce mai fasaha, [[:de:Bettina Encke von Arnim|Bettina Encke von Arnim]] . <ref name="Arnim2016" /> Daga baya, har yanzu tana Yammacin Berlin ta kammala horon malamai kuma bayan ta sami takardar shaidar da ta dace ta ci gaba da koyarwa. <ref name="BvAlautStaedel" /> A lokacin karatunta na ɗalibi, wani ƙarin kuɗin makaranta ya ba ta damar yin karatu na ɗan lokaci a École des Beaux-Arts da ke [[Faris|Paris]] a lokacin 1962/63. Babban abin da ta mayar da hankali a kai a aikin ɗalibarta a Paris shi ne kwaikwayon zane-zane: Johnny Friedlaender ne ya koyar da ita. <ref name="BvAlautPolluPoll">{{Cite web |title=Bettina von Arnim |url=https://poll-berlin.de/Galerie/en/artist/bettina-von-arnim/biography/ |access-date=2 March 2020 |website=Biography |publisher=POLL Galerie + Kunsthandel in Berlin GmbH |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302195153/https://poll-berlin.de/Galerie/en/artist/bettina-von-arnim/biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] ewvzwxqqpj4enq1o3nj46unzsldh0j7 0 164245 916003 901943 2026-09-04T08:56:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Carola Helbing-Erben''' wata 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce wadda aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fasahar yadi, gami da zane-zanen tapest, da kuma zane-zanen mosaic da fenti. == Tarihin Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Miniatur-by-Carola-Helbing-Erben.jpg|right|thumb|338x338px| 'Miniatur' - Dinki a kan takarda]] An haifi Helbing-Erben a cikin 1952 a Halle (Saale) a Gabashin Jamus . Ta yi karatun jami'a a Halle inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi, sannan daga baya ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Fasaha da Zane ta Burg Giebichenstein da ke Halle. Sparkasse Bernburg ce ta ba Helbing-Erben aikin bincike da ƙirƙirar zane-zane don baje kolin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Von Heiko Wigrim |date= |title=Bernburg: Kunststipendium der Sparkasse erlebt 14. Auflage &#124; Bernburg - Mitteldeutsche Zeitung |url=http://www.mz-web.de/bernburg/bernburg-kunststipendium-der-sparkasse-erlebt-14--auflage,20640898,17484482.html |access-date=2015-12-19 |website=Mz-web.de |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 2011, Helbing-Erben ya sami kwamiti daga birnin [[Bremen]] don tsara wani babban zane-zane na jama'a: gina wani bango mai tsawon ƙafa 75 (mita 23). Ta kula da sanya kayan aikin mosaic, wanda ya ƙunshi halartar yara daga unguwannin da ke kewaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Soziale Stadt Bremen |date= |title=Soziale Stadt Bremen - Projekt Mosaikwand |url=http://www.sozialestadt.bremen.de/sixcms/detail.php?gsid=bremen222.c.4600.de |access-date=2015-12-19 |website=Sozialestadt.bremen.de}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin ayyukan Helbing-Erben suna nan a baje kolinsu na dindindin a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Yadi da ke Giebichenstein Castle . <ref>{{Cite web |title=AUSSTELLUNG "DER HALLESCHE BILDTEPPICH" |url=http://www.sepia-institut.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/sepia_kurzdoku_der-hallesche-bildteppich.pdf |access-date=2015-12-20 |website=Sepia-institut.eu |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222114555/http://www.sepia-institut.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/sepia_kurzdoku_der-hallesche-bildteppich.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kafin faduwar katangar Berlin, Helbing-Erben ya rubuta littafin ''Tageworte im Buch der Gedanken'' (Wasanni akan Rayuwa ta Yau). Littafin, tarin tunani, ambato, da gajerun rubuce-rubuce kan lokaci, al'ada, da rayuwar yau da kullun, an buga shi a shekarar 1992 ta Frieling-Verlag, Berlin. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] oamyvnkl7tpu42rgu4227x6xx5z3ug1 0 164454 916017 902948 2026-09-04T09:05:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Caroline 'yar Philippine von Briest''' (wadda aka fi sani da '''Caroline de la Motte Fouqué''' ; 7 ga Oktoba 1773 - 20 ga Yuli 1831) ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin marubuta mata 'yan Jamus da suka fi shahara a [[Romanticism|lokacin soyayya]]. Ta rubuta [[Ƙagaggen Labari|littattafai]], gajerun labarai, tatsuniyoyi, da kuma kasidu, kan tatsuniyoyi na Girka, kan tarihin salon zamani, da kuma rubuce- rubucen tafiye-tafiye . Ayyukanta da yawa sun sa ta sami babban matsayi na shahara. == Shekarun farko ==   An haifi Caroline 'yar ƙasar Philippine von Briest a Nennhausen a shekara ta 1773 <ref name="fouque-gesellschaft.de">{{Cite web |title=Kurzbiographie Caroline de la Motte Fouqués |url=http://www.fouque-gesellschaft.de/kurzbio%20caroline.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924211926/http://www.fouque-gesellschaft.de/kurzbio%20caroline.html# |archive-date=2013-09-24 |access-date=12 March 2014 |website=fouque-gesellschaft.de}}</ref> (an ambaci 1775). Ta girma a gidan Nennhausen, wanda mallakar mahaifinta ne, Philipp Friedrich August Wilhelm von Briest (1749–1822), wanda ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin Prussian . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Caroline Wilhelmine Zinkow (ko Zinnow), kuma tana da ƙanenta, August Jakob Friedrich von Briest (1789–1790). Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, mahaifinta ya auri Marie Friederike Helene von Luck, kuma sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Caroline Friederike Auguste von Briest da Clara Friederike Charlotte von Briest. <ref name="worldhistory.de">{{Cite web |title=August von Briest (Philipp Friedrich August Wilhelm von Briest) |url=http://worldhistory.de/wnf/navbar/wnf.php?oid=12140 |access-date=14 March 2014 |publisher=World history |language=German}}</ref> Mutane daga Berlin suna yawan ziyartar gidan. == Sana'a == [[Fayil:Staub_-_Friedrich_de_la_Motte_Fouqué.jpg|thumb| Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué]] Briest ya fara auren Friedrich Ehrenreich Adolf Ludwig Rochus von Rochow (1770–1799), wani matashin jami'i, wanda ke da gidaje a unguwar, kuma yana aiki a wani rukunin sojoji da ke Potsdam. Babu wani aikinta da aka buga a wannan lokacin. Rochow ya zama ɗan caca kuma auren ya lalace har sai da matarsa ta koma gida wurin mahaifinta a Nennhausen tare da 'ya'yanta, <ref name="fouque-gesellschaft.de"/> 'ya'ya maza biyu, ciki har da Gustav von Rochow, wanda ya zama Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida na Prussia kuma Ministan Jiha, da kuma 'yar da ba ta da aure. Ta saki Rochow a shekarar 1798 (an ambaci shekarar 1799); ya mutu ta hanyar kashe kansa a shekarar 1799. Ta auri marubuciya Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué a shekarar 1803. Aure ne na biyu ga duka biyun. Tare suka haifi 'ya mace ɗaya, Marie Luise Caroline de la Motte Fouqué (1803–1864). Fouqué ta yi ritaya daga aikin soja da ikirarin rashin lafiya kuma ta zauna a gidan Nennhausen, inda ta buga littafinta na farko a shekarar 1804; an buga littafinta na farko bayan shekaru biyu. Da dama daga cikin littattafan Briest, ''Wasiƙunta game da Manufar da Yanayin Al'adun Mata'' (Berlin, 1811), da kuma ''Wasiƙunta akan Tatsuniyoyi na Girka'' (Berlin, 1812), suna da muhimmanci. Wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinta na ba da labari an bambanta su saboda fahimtarsu ga al'amuran ɗan adam, musamman zuciyar mace. Dangane da ingancin ayyukanta, Arno Schmidt a cikin tarihin rayuwarsa mai iko na Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué, ya ambato ETA Hoffmann kamar haka: "Da rana don ganin Frau Fouqué wacce ta gundura ni kuma ta ba ni haushi sosai ta hanyar karanta daga ɗaya daga cikin mugayen littattafanta" (30 Janairu 1815) &#x2013; sannan kuma ya sake yin wani furuci makamancin haka na biyu mai kama da haka. Schmidt ta ci gaba da yin tsokaci: "Bayan na karanta littattafai goma nata dole ne in yarda da shi; mafi kyawunsu su ne littattafan ''Roderich'' da tatsuniyar ''Der Delphin'', kodayake suna bin shahararrun samfura sosai; ban da haka, wasu rubuce-rubuce a cikin littattafanta, misali waƙoƙin ''Frau des Falkenstein'', ba ta rubuta su ba amma mijinta ne ya rubuta su." Ta rubuta littattafai kusan ashirin da labarai sittin, da kuma waƙoƙi, littattafan nazari da kuma rubuce-rubucen tarihi na al'adu; akwai kuma labaran soyayya da barkwanci. Ta nemi a sakaya sunanta saboda wasu daga cikin ayyukanta ta hanyar kiran kanta a matsayin "marubuciyar litattafan Roderich", ko kuma amfani da sunan barkwanci "Serena". ''Drei Mährchen'' (1806), ''Feodora'' (1814), ''Frauenliebe'' (1818) da ''Die graue Maske'' (1829) wasu daga cikin ayyukanta ne tare da ''Beytrag zur Geschichte der Zeit'' (1829/30) ta dauke ta mafi muhimmanci. <ref name="Kleist">{{Cite web |title=Highlights of the Collection |url=http://www.heinrich-von-kleist.org/en/kleist-museum/about-us/highlights-of-the-collection/ |access-date=14 March 2014 |publisher=Kleist Museum |archive-date=14 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314061354/http://www.heinrich-von-kleist.org/en/kleist-museum/about-us/highlights-of-the-collection/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An soki ayyukanta saboda barin asalinta don yin koyi da salon Motte Fouqué, da fatan samun karbuwa a wurinsa. Rubuce-rubucenta sun ci gaba har zuwa 1829 tare da littafinta na ƙarshe, ''Resignation'' . <ref name="murray" /> Ta mutu a Nennhausen a shekara ta 1831, tana da shekaru 57. <ref name="fouque-gesellschaft.de"/> An tattara wasiƙunta da gajerun rubuce-rubucenta bayan rasuwarta a ƙarƙashin taken "Teburin Rubutu, ko Tsohon Zamani da Sabon Abu" (Cologne, 1833). == Manazarta == jd6kmh7fapaoa7lyz7edw13q1anab8k 0 164574 915816 903512 2026-09-03T21:32:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Auguste Ludwig''' (1834-1901) ta kasance mai zane-zane ta Jamusanci.<ref name="RKD">{{Cite web |title=Auguste Ludwig |url=https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/225968 |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=RKD |language=en}}</ref><ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Auguste Ludwig |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Auguste_Ludwig/11050192/Auguste_Ludwig.aspx |access-date=29 November 2018 |website=AskArt |archive-date=30 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130071457/http://www.askart.com/artist/Auguste_Ludwig/11050192/Auguste_Ludwig.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Ludwig a ranar 26 ga Fabrairu 1834 a Gräfenthal . A tsawon aikinta, ta zauna a [[Dresden]], Weimar, [[Berlin]], da [[Düsseldorf]] . <ref name="RKD"/> Ta baje kolin ayyukanta a Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 da aka gudanar a Chicago, Illinois. <ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10cd.html#ludwig |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> Ludwig ya mutu a shekara ta 1901. <ref name="RKD"/> [[Fayil:Auguste_Ludwig_Kinder_mit_Kätzchen_1865.jpg|thumb| ''Kinder spielen mit Katzen a cikin einer Küche'', 1865]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1901]] dxx8q55ixoizirxk0cc4avqshxc1fek 0 164747 916029 904332 2026-09-04T10:29:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 916029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Charlotte wani jirgin ruwa ne wanda ya nutse a 1808 a bakin tekun New South Wales, Australia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=View Shipwreck - Charlotte |url=https://dmzapp17p.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=351 |website=Australian National Shipwreck Database |publisher=Aust Govt }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An gina '''Charlotte''' a Sydney, Ostiraliya, kuma aka yi mata rajista da nauyin tan 16 a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1803.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 1803 |title=PORT NEWS. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article625932 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia |newspaper=[[Sydney Gazette|The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser]] |volume=I |issue=42}}</ref> Robert Inch ne mamallakinta kuma kyaftininta, yayin da George Conway, ma’aikacinsa, ya taimaka masa. A ranar 27 ga Agusta, 1808, jirgin yana da nisan mil 5 na ruwa (kilomita 9.3; mil 5.8) daga arewacin Port Jackson, Ostiraliya, yana kan hanyarsa daga Kogin Hawkesbury dauke da kayan hatsi, lokacin da wata guguwar iska mai ƙarfi ta afka masa bayan babban tufafin jirgin ya juya. Jirgin ''Hope'' ya ga yadda ''Charlotte'' ke nutsewa a lokacin da yake tafiya mil 1 na ruwa (kilomita 1.9; mil 1.2) daga kudancin ''Charlotte''. Dukansu Inch da Conway sun nutse tare da jirgin kuma suka mutu. == Manazarta == h91nx3v20vzuhhvg21wx8dvqrtr4ebg 0 164756 915822 904414 2026-09-03T21:38:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Auguste Schepp''' (1846-1905) 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce mai zane.<ref name="AskArt">{{Cite web |title=Auguste Schepp |url=http://www.askart.com/artist/Auguste_Schepp/11068280/Auguste_Schepp.aspx |access-date=1 December 2018 |website=AskArt |archive-date=2 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070523/http://www.askart.com/artist/Auguste_Schepp/11068280/Auguste_Schepp.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Schepp a ranar 3 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar 1846 a [[Wiesbaden]].<ref name="Benezit">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Schepp, Auguste |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00162797 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024917/http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00162797 |archive-date=2 December 2018 |access-date=1 December 2018 |website=Benezit Dictionary of Artists |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.b00162797}}</ref> Ta yi karatu tare da Eugen Napoleon Neureuther a [[München|Munich]] da Karl Ferdinand Sohn a [[Düsseldorf]] <ref name="Benezit" /> A shekarar 1892, Schepp ya zauna a Munich kuma ya zama memba na ƙungiyar ' yantar da birnin Munich.<ref name="Nichols" /> Ta nuna ayyukanta a lokacin Ginin Mata a bikin baje kolin Columbia na Duniya na 1893 a [[Chicago]], Illinois.<ref name="Nichols">{{Cite web |last=Nichols |first=K. L. |title=Women's Art at the World's Columbian Fair & Exposition, Chicago 1893 |url=http://arcadiasystems.org/academia/cassatt10ccc.html#schepp |access-date=1 December 2018}}</ref> Schepp ya mutu a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu a shekarar 1905, a Freiburg im Breisgau.<ref name="Benezit"/> [[Fayil:Auguste_Schepp_Stillleben_mit_Fayencekanne.jpg|thumb|{{Lang|de|Stillleben mit Fayencekanne}} ta Auguste Schepp]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1846]] 1makrke72j67as1e6apxexurkry65l0 0 164870 915913 904919 2026-09-03T23:53:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bahar Yilmaz''' (an haife shi a shekara ta 1984 a Ingolstadt) marubuci ne na Jamusanci, wanda kuma ke aiki a matsayin mai horar da rayuwa da kuma malami.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Wer ist Bahar Yilmaz? |url=https://www.baharyilmaz.com/uber-mich/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == Yilmaz ta girma tare da 'yan uwanta a Ingolstadt . Iyayenta sun fito ne daga Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander Petri |date=28 July 2011 |year= |title=Mehr Deutsch als Türkisch – Drei Erfolgsgeschichten |url=https://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/ingolstadt/Ingolstadt-wochennl302011-Mehr-Deutsch-als-Tuerkisch;art599,2448429 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> An horar da shi a makarantu daban-daban na ruhaniya, Yilmaz ya yi aiki bayan kammala karatunsa, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a matsayin mai ba da shawara da kuma mai ba da shawarar kafofin watsa labarai.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Bahar Yilmaz, Referentin auf dem Emotion Kongress 2016. Ein Portrait. |url=https://www.horizonworld.de/bahar-yilmaz-stimme-der-neuen-spiritualitaet-fuer-dein-higher-self-healing/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> Ayyukanta na farko, Ansata ne ya buga shi a cikin shekarar 2011, kuma an rubuta shi tare da Pascal Voggenhuber . <ref name="dnb">{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Bahar Yilmaz |url=http://d-nb.info/gnd/138517312 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher=Deutsche Nationalbibliothek |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> Ƙarin rubuce-rubuce sun biyo baya a cikin wannan gidan wallafe-wallafen, suna hulɗa da warkar da kai, jikin mutum, ƙwarewar matsakaici da farin ciki.<ref name="dnb" /> Littafin "An rubuta ku a cikin taurari", wanda Integral ta buga a cikin a shekarar 2019, ya shiga jerin sunayen mafi kyawun Spiegel a cikin rukunin da ba na fiction ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=Bestseller: Du wurdest in den Sternen geschrieben. |url=https://www.buchreport.de/bestseller/buch/isbn/9783778792964.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219081136/https://www.buchreport.de/bestseller/buch/isbn/9783778792964.htm/ |archive-date=2024-12-19 |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |quote= }}</ref> Yilmaz tana aiwatar da batutuwan da fahimta ba kawai a cikin wallafe-wallafen ba, har ma, alal misali, a cikin gudummawa ga hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a da kwasfan fayiloli mai taken "Sabon Ruhu".<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |year= |title=New Spirit – Podcast für moderne Spiritualität |url=https://www.podcast.de/podcast/621968/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217095822/https://www.podcast.de/podcast/621968/ |archive-date=2019-12-17 |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anne Heigel |date=5 July 2019 |year= |title=Moderne Spiritualität: 3 esoterische Podcasts, die dein Selbstwertgefühl stärken. |url=https://www.desired.de/lifestyle/esoterische-podcasts/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> Tana aiki a matsayin "kocin nasarar ruhaniya" a Jamus, Austria da Switzerland, a halin yanzu tare da aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aylin Braunewell |date=18 April 2019 |year= |title=Sexismus in der Esoterik: Der kollektive Schmerzkörper |url=https://taz.de/Sexismus-in-der-Esoterik/!5589042/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages=19 |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> Yilmaz tana jagorantar bita da tarurruka, inda ake horar da wasu mutane bisa ga hanyoyinta. Ta kuma kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai magana a abubuwan da suka faru daban-daban, kuma tare da abokin aikinta Jeffrey Kastenmüller. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahar Yilmaz |date=20 September 2019 |year= |title=So wirst du inneren Frieden finden und dein Potenzial entfalten. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r-ptPSRY-Ew |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahar Yilmaz, Jeffrey Kastenmüller |date=26 December 2017 |year= |title="Gepäckfrei" – So lässt du deine Probleme und Ängste los. |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHMCzdHejrk |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote=}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] geuvvduj4zo7ci0ld9whd858qm8io49 0 164920 915699 905031 2026-09-03T18:18:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Annette Schenk Thoma''' (23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1886 - 26 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 1974) marubuciya ce ta Jamusanci, mawaƙa, kuma masanin al'adun gargajiya wanda aka fi tunawa da shi saboda abubuwan da ta kirkiro '''''Deutsche Bauernmesse''''' (Turanci: Jamusanci Manoma" Mass), taro a cikin Bavarian da ke daidaita waƙoƙin gargajiya. [4]''.'' == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Thoma a Neu-Ulm . Mahaifinta shi ne Lieutenant (daga baya Major General) Albert Schenk . Thoma ta yi karatun Turanci da Faransanci a kasashen waje, sannan ta auri mai zane Emil Thoma Ruwa ta koma Riedering. A can ta sadu kuma ta yi aiki tare da mawaƙin gargajiya na Bavaria Paul Kiem a cikin 1930 don yin rikodin kiɗa na gargajiya na gida. Ta rubuta littafi da labarai da yawa game da kiɗa na gargajiya. Thoma ya kirkiro ''Deutsche Bauernmesse'' a 1933, kuma ya rubuta kalmomin Salzburg Advent Singing na farko a 1946. Thoma ta sami lambar yabo ta Bavarian Order of Merit a shekarar 1964, da kuma lambar yabo ta Bayerischer Poetentaler a shekarar 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Annette Thoma – Salzburgwiki |url=https://www.sn.at/wiki/Annette_Thoma |access-date=2021-07-25 |website=www.sn.at}}</ref> An rubuta waƙarta Die Kleine Messe (The Little Mass) a kan: * TELEF 6 22 149 AG * EMI 066 32 042 <ref name=":0" /> * DAU PLPS 30 159 <ref name=":0" /> * AVES INT 160 807 <ref name=":0" /> A cikin 2020, ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Thoma ta Deutsche ''Bauernmesse'' a St. Martin, Moosach . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Legner |first=Katrin |title=Oster_Pfarrbrief_2020 |url=https://st-martin-moosach.de/downloads |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=st-martin-moosach.de |page=14 |language=de }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] 8u84z00pk94zu9uwy73wrgk6mf2180a 0 165071 915944 905693 2026-09-04T06:35:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Brigitte Reimann''' (21 Yuli 1933 - 22 Fabrairu 1973) marubuciya ce 'yar Jamus wadda aka fi sani da littafinta ''Franziska Linkerhand'' wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa. == Rayuwa == Brigitte Reimann 'yar Willi Reimann (1904–1990) da Elisabeth (1905–1992) ce kuma ita ce 'yar fari a cikin 'ya'ya huɗu. Mahaifinta ma'aikacin banki ne daga dangin masu yawon bude ido na Cologne. Ta yanke shawarar zama marubuciya tana da shekaru 14, lokacin da take murmurewa daga cutar shan inna. Ta rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na farko na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tun tana da shekaru 15. An buga littafinta na farko na wasan kwaikwayo lokacin tana da shekaru 17. <ref name="Biggs" /> A shekarar 1950, an ba ta kyautar farko a gasar wasan kwaikwayo ta 'yan koyo ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Berlin Volksbühne.<ref name="Ges">{{Cite web |title=Brigitte Reimann /Biographie/Burg |url=https://www.brigittereimann.de/biographie_burg.php |website=www.brigittereimann.de}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunsa da Abitur, Reimann ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, mai sayar da littattafai, da kuma ɗan jarida. Ta auri mai gyaran injina lokacin tana da shekaru 20. Bayan zubar da ciki a shekarar 1954 kuma sakamakon haka yana fama da baƙin ciki, Reimann ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-03 |title=Leidenschaft schlägt Monotonie |url=https://www.fr.de/zukunft/storys/75-lektionen-mut/franziska-linkerhand-brigitte-reimann-ddr-literatur-schriftstellerin-90036455.html |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.fr.de |language=de}}</ref> A shekarar 1960, ta fara aiki a ma'adanin kwal mai launin ruwan kasa Schwarze Pumpe, inda ita da mijinta na biyu [[:de:Siegfried Pitschmann|Siegfried Pitschmann]] suka jagoranci da'irar ma'aikatan rubutu. <ref name="Reclam" /> A can, ta rubuta labarin ''Ankunft im Alltag'', wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin "Abin da ya fi muhimmanci a gare ni".  a matsayin babban aikin gurguzu na gaskiya . <ref name="Wiki">{{Cite web |title=Buecher Wiki - BuecherWiki - Brigitte Reimann: eine deutsche Autorin im Bücher-Wiki |url=https://www.buecher-wiki.de/index.php/BuecherWiki/ReimannBrigitte |website=www.buecher-wiki.de |access-date=2026-08-21 |archive-date=2024-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240713124420/https://www.buecher-wiki.de/index.php/BuecherWiki/ReimannBrigitte |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta sami kyautar Heinrich Mann a shekarar 1964. Reimann bai taɓa shiga Jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Jama'a ta Jamus ba, kuma ya soki yadda Gwamnatin Gabashin Jamus ke shiga cikin harkokin adabi na ƙasar. A cikin littafin tarihin rayuwarta, ta rubuta cewa akwai 'Masu neman dama da kuma kwanyar kai a ko'ina. Da alama, batun da ya kamata a tattauna a cikin wani labari shi ne buƙatar ƙara yawan aiki ... Matsalolin ɗan adam ba sa shahara a yau'. <ref name="Biggs" /> Ta kasance wani ɓangare na " [[:de:Arbeitsgemeinschaft_Junger_Autoren|Arbeitsgemeinschaft Junger Autoren]] " (Kwamitin Marubuta Matasa) wanda ta yi aiki tare da wasu ƙwararrun matasa kamar su [[:de:Martin_Selber|Martin Selber]], Wolfgang Schreyer, [[:de:Helmut_Sakowski|Helmut Sakowski]], Reiner Kunze da [[:de:Wolf_D._Brennecke|Wolf Dieter Brennecke]] . Bayan haka, an ba ta kuɗi daga Kwamitin Marubuta Matasa da kuma kwangilolin littattafai daga gidajen buga littattafai na jihohi. Lokacin da sojojin ƙasashen Warsaw Pact suka mamaye ČSSR a ranar 20 ga Agusta 1968 a matsayin martani ga 'yantar da jama'a a lokacin bazara na Prague, Reimann ya ƙi sanya hannu kan sanarwar da ƙungiyar marubutan Jamus ta Gabas (DSV) ta amince da matakin. A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1973, Reimann ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani sakamakon cutar kansa yana da shekaru 39 a Robert-Rössle-Klinik da ke Berlin, Buch. Ganin cewa babu wani wasiyya da aka rubuta ta Reimann, an ba wa mijinta na ƙarshe, [[Rudolf Burgartz]], duk gadon haƙƙin mallaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kraus |first=Mario |title=Ein Kreis schließt sich in Burg |url=https://www.volksstimme.de/lokal/burg/ein-kreis-schliesst-sich-in-burg-1987332 |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=www.volksstimme.de |language=de}}</ref> Ana girmama littattafan tarihin Reimann sosai a Jamus 'saboda labarin rayuwarsu a cikin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kwango .' A shekarar 2023, an sake buga littattafan tarihin rayuwarta a Jamus. <ref name="Biggs" /> An fara buga littafinta na 1963, ''Siblings'' ( ''Die Geschwister'' ), a cikin Italiyanci a 2013 (ta Monica Pesetti don Voland) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michele Sisto |date=2013-11-03 |title=Brigitte Reimann, Fratelli |url=https://www.germanistica.net/2013/11/03/brigitte-reimann-fratelli/}}</ref> da Turanci a watan Fabrairun 2023 don Penguin. An san littafinta na 1956, Woman in Pillory, a matsayin littafin Penguin Modern Classic a shekarar 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Woman in the Pillory |url=https://bookcurl.com/products/woman-in-the-pillory-9780241718971 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Book Curl |language=en}}</ref> An gina wani zane a kan bangon Reimann a Burg, Jamus. Akwai kuma tambarin tunawa wanda ke amfani da kamanninta. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1973]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] 38i9pvr0qsksw0co4tj3n1c5czpmckb 0 165131 915915 906046 2026-09-04T00:54:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Barbara Westermann''' (an haife ta a Swiezinski, a Werdohl, Jamus a 1958) ƙwararren mai sassaka ce, mai zane kuma malamar da ke zaune a Red Hook, New York . Ta zauna kuma ta yi aiki a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] tsawon shekaru da yawa kuma tana ci gaba da aiki a kan ayyuka a can da kuma a [[Berlin]]. == Ilimi == Ta sami digirin BA a fannin Gine-gine da Tsarin Birane daga Jami'ar Kassel, [[Jamus]], 1982-77 da kuma digirin MFA a fannin Zane-zane daga Fachhochschule Koln, [[Jamus]], 1985-82. Ta yi karatu tare da Daniel Spoerri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daniel Spoerri &#124; MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/5569/}}</ref> da Eduardo Paolozzi . Bayan ta koma [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], ta yi karatu a Shirin Nazarin Zane-zane Mai Zaman Kanta na Whitney Museum kuma ta kammala takardar shaidar ilimi a Makarantar Fasaha ta Kayayyaki. == Zane-zane == Westermann ƙwararren mai sassaka ne kuma mai zane-zanen shigarwa. Zane-zanenta, kwafi, da zane-zanenta ba su da wani tsari kuma suna da ma'ana, tare da mai da hankali kan sassaka zamantakewa, tsara birane, lissafi, taswirar yanayin ƙasa, da kiɗa. Westerman yana amfani da aikin da ya shafi sassaka, zane-zane, gine-gine, da injiniyanci. Tana amfani da sassaka don nuna abubuwan amfani. Westermann shine babban editan Kunstforum International mai lamba 51 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Der Elfenbeinturm – ein Reiseführer – Band 51-1982 |url=https://www.kunstforum.de/band/1982-51-der-elfenbeinturm-ein-reisefuehrer/}}</ref> tare da Brigitte Caster. Ta nuna ayyukanta sosai, ciki har da wasannin kwaikwayo na musamman a Kunstverein Malkasten da ke [[Düsseldorf]], da Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani na La Jolla, da Gidan Tarihi na Neue Kunst da ke Freiburg, Jamus. Ta gabatar da lacca mai suna 'documenta urbana' a Documenta 13 tare da Critical Art Ensemble a Kassel, Jamus kuma ta nuna bidiyo a lokacin 'undocumenta' na 2021. Ta kammala karatun digiri a Raketenstation Stiftung Hombroich a kaka ta 2012 kuma ta kasance ma'aikaciya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Fasaha ta Virginia da ke [[Virginia]] . Tana buga littattafai tare da [https://artinamericaguide.com/listings/clay-street-press/ Clay Street Press] a Cincinnati. == Nunin Nunin == An nuna fasaharta a Tate <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Space: A Chronicle of Interventions |url=https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/project-space-chronicle-interventions}}</ref> da ke Landan, Whitney Biennial, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Whitney Biennial 1985 |url=https://whitney.org/exhibitions/biennial-1985}}</ref> MoMA PS1, Gidauniyar Dia Art, Momenta Art, Paula Cooper Gallery, Ronald Feldman Gallery, E|AB Fair, Clay Street Press a Cincinnati, Proteus Gowanus, Gidan Tarihi na Laburare na Ƙasa na Spain, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home Page &#124; BNE &#124; Biblioteca Nacional de España |url=https://www.bne.es/en |access-date=2026-08-22 |archive-date=2026-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260619102458/https://www.bne.es/en |url-status=dead }}</ref> da sauran wurare da dama a Amurka da Turai. Ayyukan da aka yi kwanan nan sun haɗa da ayyukan da aka yi a Turley Gallery, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Garden 2023 |url=https://www.turley.gallery/the-garden/}}</ref> Lexington Arts & Science, Neon Kunst <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2017 |title=NEON Kunst |url=https://bpigs.com/spaces/project-spaces/neon-kunst}}</ref> da kuma Taron Horar da Mata a Ɗakin Aiki, Majalisar Queens on the Arts <ref>{{Cite web |title=Queens Council on the Arts &#124; Organizations |url=https://www.nyc-arts.org/organizations/queens-council-on-the-arts/}}</ref> da kuma koyarwa ta Cibiyar Koyon Rayuwa ta Kwalejin Bard a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Hessel. An haɗa ta a cikin Flugblätter a Cross Lane Projects, Kendal, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flugblätter at Cross Lane Projects, Kendal |url=https://www.thefourdrinier.com/flugbltter-at-cross-lane-projects-kendal/}}</ref> Art for the Future <ref>{{Cite web |title=Art for the Future: Artists Call and Central American Solidarities |url=https://artgalleries.tufts.edu/exhibitions/6-art-for-the-future-artists-call-and-central-american-solidarities/}}</ref> a Jami'ar Tufts da kuma Super Dakota gallery <ref>{{Cite web |title=Super Dakota |url=https://www.superdakota.com/exhibitions/dys-tropism/}}</ref> a Brussels . Ta nuna ayyukanta tare da [https://artinamericaguide.com/listings/clay-street-press/ Clay Street Press Gallery] da ke Cincinnati, OH da kuma Cade Tompkins Gallery da ke Providence, RI. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] oj2skmttw1mjmdiwxd7eyq0an0d3ggm 0 165255 915653 906859 2026-09-03T16:57:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Angela Ann Knight''' <small>[[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]</small> (An haifi Angela Ann Cook, 31 ga Oktoba 1950) 'yar siyasa ce kuma jami'ar Burtaniya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Ofishin Sauƙaƙa Haraji har zuwa 18 ga Maris 2019. Kafin wannan, ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Makamashi ta Burtaniya, ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta masana'antar makamashi. A da, ita ce Babbar Jami'ar Ƙungiyar Masu Bankuna ta Burtaniya, kuma, kafin hakan, 'yar Majalisar Wakilai ta Jam'iyyar Conservative ce da ke wakiltar mazabar Erewash daga 1992 zuwa 1997. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Tattalin Arziki a Ma'aikatar Baitulmali daga 1995 zuwa 1997. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Knight a Sheffield, kuma ya yi makarantar kwana ta Kwalejin Penrhos da ke Colwyn Bay, da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Sheffield.. Daga nan sai ta tafi Jami'ar Bristol, ta sami BSc a cikin ilmin sunadarai, kuma ta zama injiniya da ke aiki don Air Products, inda ta zama Manajan Ci gaban Samfurin nitrogen. Ta ci gaba da kafawa da aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na Cook & Knight Metallurgical Processors Ltd, ƙwararren kamfanin kula da zafi na kwangila wanda ke kula da kayan aikin injiniya. == Ayyukan siyasa == Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Majalisar Birnin Sheffield daga 1987 zuwa 1992. A watan Afrilun 1992 an zabe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisa ta Erewash . Ta kasance Sakatariyar Tattalin Arziki a Ma'aikatar Baitulmalin daga 1995 zuwa 1997. Ta rasa kujerarta a majalisar zuwa Liz Blackman na Jam'iyyar Labour a shekarar 1997. == Ayyukansa na baya == Knight ya zama Babban Darakta na APCIMS (Kungiyar Manajojin Kasuwanci Masu Rashin Rashin Rukunin Rukunin Kasuwanci da Masu Kasuwanci) a watan Satumbar 1997. Ta kasance a cikin wannan matsayi har zuwa shekara ta 2006. An nada Knight a matsayin Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Order na Daular Burtaniya don hidimomi ga masana'antar sabis na kuɗi a cikin jerin girmamawa na Sabuwar Shekara ta 2007. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2007 ta zama Babban Darakta na Ƙungiyar Bankunan Burtaniya . Bloomberg ta ba da rahoton cewa, a cikin wata sanarwa ta Disamba 2008, ta bayyana cewa za a iya amincewa da Libor a matsayin "abin dogaro". Bayan yanke hukunci a kan BBA a Babban Kotun a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, wasu mambobin BBA sun soki yadda Knight ke gudanar da shari'ar kuma sun kira ta da ta sauka a matsayin Babban Darakta. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu 2012 Knight ta yi murabus a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na BBA amma ta ce za ta kasance har sai an sami maye gurbin. Ta sauka a watan Satumba na wannan shekarar.  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012 an ba da sanarwar cewa an nada Knight a matsayin shugaban zartarwa na kungiyar kasuwanci ta Energy UK, daga ƙarshen Yuli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davidson |first=Lauren |date=14 May 2012 |title=BBA's Angela Knight to become chief of trade body Energy UK |url=http://www.cityam.com/latest-news/bba-s-angela-knight-become-chief-trade-body-energy-uk |access-date=16 May 2012}}</ref> Ta sauka daga wannan mukamin a shekarar 2014 don mayar da hankali kan aikinta wanda ba na zartarwa ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy UK's Angela Knight announces her intention to step down {{!}} Energy UK |url=https://www.energy-uk.org.uk/media-and-campaigns/press-releases/20-2014/207-energy-uk-s-angela-knight-announces-her-intention-to-step-down.html |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=www.energy-uk.org.uk |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227191017/https://www.energy-uk.org.uk/media-and-campaigns/press-releases/20-2014/207-energy-uk-s-angela-knight-announces-her-intention-to-step-down.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa 2021, fayil ɗin daraktocin Knight ya haɗa da Tullett Prebon, <ref name="tullettprebon">{{Cite web |title=Investor Relations Directors |url=http://www.tullettprebon.com/investor/investor_directors.aspx |access-date=16 May 2012 |publisher=Tullett Prebon}}</ref> Provident Financial, Taylor Wimpey, Arbuthnot Latham &amp;amp; Co da Froggatt Trustee Ltd a Burtaniya, Encore Capital Group a Amurka, da Astana Financial Services Authority a Kazakhstan. Ta kuma kasance mai ba da shawara ga Goodacre UK da Oxera Consulting . Ta taba aiki a matsayin darakta mai zaman kansa na Brewin Dolphin, Ofishin Sauƙaƙe Haraji, Sufuri don London, Kwarewar Kudi, Widojin Scotland, Logica, Hukumar Port of London, Lloyds TSB da Ruwa na Kudu maso Gabas. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 1msp21vu9j8m271cprw69wt0tsqhzcm 0 165259 915917 906884 2026-09-04T01:05:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Bashir Abdi''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1989) <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Bashir ABDI – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/belgium/bashir-abdi-14375137 |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> ɗan wasan tsere ne na Belgium. Ya lashe lambobin tagulla a Marathon a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo ta 2020 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2022 da azurfa a gasar Olympics na bazara ta 2024. A yin haka, Abdi ya zama na farko da ya lashe lambar yabo a gasar zakarun duniya ta Belgium a marathon kuma ɗan wasan Belgium na farko da zai lashe lambar yabo ta mutum a duka wasannin Olympics da kuma gasar zakaruna ta duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2022 |title=Ethiopa's Tola takes dominant marathon gold |url=https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/ethiopas-tola-takes-marathon-gold-2022-07-17/ |access-date=18 July 2022 |website=Reuters.com |language=en}}</ref> Ya yi ikirarin azurfa a tseren Mita 10,000 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2018. Ya kammala na biyu da na uku a 2020 Tokyo Marathon da 2022 London Marathon bi da bi. Abdi shine mai riƙe da rikodin Turai don marathon. Har ila yau, waƙa riƙe da rikodin Belgium a cikin rabin marathon da sa'a ɗaya, kuma mafi kyawun duniya a cikin Mita 20,000 da ba a taɓa yin hamayya da shi ba, da kuma rikodin ƙasar Belgium don marathon a cikin rukunin M35. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Abdi ne a El Afweyn, [[Somaliland]], wani gari da galibi dangin Habr Ni'lo na dangin Isaaq ke zaune.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=February 2016 |title=EASO Country of Origin Information Report Somalia - Security Situation |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1158113/1226_1457606427_easo-somalia-security-feb-2016.pdf |journal=European Asylum Support Office |pages=72 |quote=The Ceel Afweyn district is mainly inhabited by the Isaaq subclan Habar Jeelo.}}</ref> Lokacin da yake dan shekara takwas, iyalinsa suka koma [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]]. Daga nan sai ya kwashe shekara daya da rabi a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], kafin ya zauna a Belgium, inda mahaifiyarsa ta fara tsarin sake haɗuwa da iyali bayan ya sami amincewa a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira na siyasa.<ref name="De Afspraak">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-21 |title=Bashir Abdi: from Somalian refugee to Belgian Olympic bronze medallist |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2021/08/08/basir-adil-from-somalian-refugee-to-belgian-olympic-bronze-meda/ |access-date=2024-08-22 |publisher=[[VRT (broadcaster)|VRT NWS]]}}</ref> A can, yana da shekaru 16, ya fara horo a Racing Club Gent Athletics, yana bin ɗan'uwansa Ibrahim . Mahaifiyarsa koyaushe tana tallafa masa kasancewa ɗan wasa lokacin da babu wani a cikin iyalinsa zai yi kuma lokacin da ta mutu daga ciwon daji a shekara ta 2011, a ranar ta ƙarshe, ta burge 'ya'yanta cewa kamar yadda "wannan ƙasa ta yi ma'ana sosai ga ku duka, ku kasance mutane masu kyau".<ref name="De Afspraak" /> Abdi ta yi aure kuma tana da 'yar, Kadra, an haife ta 2018, da ɗa Ibrahim; an haife shi 2020. Shi ne co-kafa kuma mataimakin shugaban kungiyar ba da riba Sportaround, wanda ke shirya ayyukan wasanni bayan makaranta ga yara a Ghent . Ya kuma kafa Asusun Bashir Abdi tare da Asibitin Jami'ar Ghent, wanda ke tallafawa shirye-shirye don tallafawa masu ba da kiwon lafiya a jiki da tunani.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2026 |title=Bashir Abdi receives honorary doctorate from Ghent University |url=https://www.ugent.be/en/news-events/dies-natalis-2026.htm |access-date=8 March 2026 |website=[[Ghent University]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudu == === 2014–2017 === Abdi ya shiga tseren Mita 10,000 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2014 tare da lokacin da aka kafa a ranar 4 ga Mayu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2014 |title=EK atletiek: Bashir Abdi wordt vijfde in 10 kilometer |url=http://nl.metrotime.be/2014/08/13/news/ek-atletiek-bashir-abdi-wordt-vijfde-in-10-kilometer/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083953/http://nl.metrotime.be/2014/08/13/news/ek-atletiek-bashir-abdi-wordt-vijfde-in-10-kilometer/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=18 August 2014 |website=Metrotime.be}}</ref> Ya kammala na biyar a taron.<ref name="WAprofile" /> A watan Mayu 2015, ya cancanci gasar Olympics ta Rio ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2015 |title=Abdi loopt olympische limiet 10.000 meter |url=http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/atletiek/1.2327228 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201323/http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/atletiek/1.2327228 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 May 2015 |website=Sporza.be |language=nl}}</ref> A wasannin, Abdi ya yi gasa a duka maza 5000 m da 10,000 m. Ya gama 20th a cikin 10,000 m karshe, tseren da Mo Farah na Burtaniya ya lashe.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A shekara ta 2017, ya fafata a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta London 2017 a cikin Wasanni a tseren maza 5000 m, inda ya kasance na shida a cikin zafi.&nbsp; === 2018-2019: Farawar aikin marathon === A cikin 2018, Abdi ya fara tseren marathon a Rotterdam Marathon, ya zama na bakwai tare da lokaci na 2:10:46. Kenneth Kipkemoi na Kenya ne ya lashe tseren a cikin 2:05:44. [1] A watan Agusta na wannan shekarar, ya lashe azurfa a tseren mita 10,000 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2018.[2] A cikin kaka Abdi ya yi tseren hanyoyi da yawa ya sanya na uku a Great North Run rabin marathon a cikin 1:00:42, na huɗu a Dam tot Damloop 10 miler a 46:08, na biyar a Nijmegen Zevenheuloop 15 km a cikin 43:40 kuma na uku a 's-Heerenberg Montferland Run 15 km a 43:40. [[Fayil:Mo_Farah,_Bashir_Abdi_and_Daniel_Wanjiru,_2019_London_Half_Marathon,_10_March_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Mo Farah, Abdi da Daniel Wanjiru, The Big Half a London a cikin 2019.]] A cikin 2019, ya kasance na biyu a Big Half Marathon a London tare da lokaci na 1:01:16 a cikin kusa da wanda ya lashe tseren Mo Farah da na uku Daniel Wanjiru . Abdi daga nan ya shiga gasar Marathon na London, ya zama na bakwai a cikin 2:07:03 a cikin tseren da Eliud Kipchoge na Kenya ya lashe a cikin 2:02:37. A watan Agusta, ya kasance na biyu a Beach to Beacon 10 km a Amurka, ya gama a 28:35. &nbsp;Alex Korio na Kenya ne ya fara lashe tseren, duk da haka an kore shi. Jairus Birech ya zo na biyu. Abdi ya koma [[Newcastle|Newcastle a kan Tyne]] inda ya sake tseren tseren tsere na Great North Run, ya kammala na biyar a cikin lokaci na 1:01:11, Farah ya lashe tseren. A watan Oktoba, Abdi ya gudu a cikin Marathon na Chicago, ya kasance na biyar tare da lokaci na 2:06:14, Lawrence Cherono na Kenya ya lashe tseren a cikin 2:05:45 a cikin tseren tsere. Abdi na gaba ya yi tsere a Montferland Run 15 km, ya kammala na biyar a cikin lokaci na 42:29. &nbsp;A ranar Sabuwar Shekara a Spain ya lashe San Silvestre Vallecana 10k m a [[Madrid]] tare da lokaci na 27:47.&nbsp; === 2020-yanzu: Ci gaban Marathon === Abdi ya bude yakin neman zabe na 2020 ta hanyar lashe Egmond Half Marathon . Daga nan sai ya sami matsayi na farko na marathon ta hanyar zama na biyu a cikin Tokyo Marathon a cikin sabon mafi kyawun lokaci na 2:04:49. Ya wuce Sisay Lemma na Habasha a cikin matakan rufewa don kammala a bayan mai cin nasara na Habasha [[Birhanu Legese]], wanda ya gudu da lokaci na 2:04:15. Abdi ya koma waƙa a watan Satumba yana fafatawa a Memorial Van Damme a cikin tseren awa daya. Ya gudu mafi yawan tseren tare da Farah, ya jagoranci kuma ya kafa rikodin Turai a 20,000 m na 56:20.02. &nbsp;Ya kammala na biyu a bayan Farah inda ya kafa alamar mita 21,322. [[Fayil:Bashir_Abdi_at_2023_Rotterdam_Marathon2.jpg|thumb|Bashir Abdi ya kafa rikodin Turai a Marathon na Rotterdam na 2021. A cikin 2023 (hoton), ya sake dawo da matsayinsa.]] A shekarar 2021, Abdi ya zo na biyu bayan Farah a gasar rabin marathon ta kasa da kasa ta Djibouti da minti 1:03:11. Daga nan ya zo na biyu a gasar Turai ta 10,000<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mw1A">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>Kofin m a [[Birmingham]] a cikin sabon mafi kyawun mutum na 27:24.41. Wannan aikin ya cancanci ya zama zakara ta 10,000&nbsp;taron m a gasar Olympics ta Tokyo ta 2020 da aka jinkirta. Duk da haka, ya mayar da hankali kan tseren marathon a Wasannin, inda ya lashe lambar tagulla da kuma lambar yabo ta farko ga Belgium a gasar tseren marathon ta Olympics tun bayan lambar yabo ta Karel Lismont shekaru 45 da suka gabata. <ref name="De Afspraak" /> Kammala tseren marathon ya samar da ɗaya daga cikin hotuna mafi ɗorewa na gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 yayin da abokin Abdi, ɗan wasan Holland kuma wanda ya lashe lambar azurfa, Abdi Nageeye, wanda shi ma ɗan asalin Somaliya ne, ya yi ta murna tare da ƙarfafa abokin horon sa na Belgium da ya gaji da zama tare da shi yayin da suke fafatawa don samun lambobin yabo tare da Lawrence Cherono na Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-07 |title=Marathon runner Abdi Nageeye reflects on his 'emotional' act of Olympic sportsmanship |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/07/sport/abdi-nageeye-nyc-marathon-tokyo-olympics-moment-spt-intl/index.html |access-date=2024-08-22 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> A watan Oktoba, Abdi ya lashe gasar Marathon ta Rotterdam da aka sake tsarawa, inda ya kafa tarihi a Turai da lokaci na 2:03:36. <ref name="2022RM" /> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2022, ya kasance na huɗu a Rotterdam Marathon . <ref name="2022RM">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-10 |title=Nageeye and Hailu triumph at Rotterdam Marathon |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-label-road-races/news/rotterdam-marathon-2022-nageeye-hailu |access-date=2022-04-10 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> A watan Yulin wannan shekarar, Abdi ya lashe tagulla ta duniya ta biyu a jere a cikin marathon a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2022 da aka gudanar a [[Eugene, Oregon]], a 2:06:48.<ref name="WAprofile" /> Ya sami lambar yabo ta biyu a Marathon Major ta Duniya ta hanyar kammala ta uku a Marathon na London a watan Oktoba tare da lokaci na 2:05:19 .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Crumley |first=Euan |date=2022-10-02 |title=Kipruto's closing kick lands him London Marathon prize |url=https://athleticsweekly.com/event-reports/kiprutos-closing-kick-lands-him-london-marathon-prize-1039961389/ |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=[[Athletics Weekly|AW]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, Abdi ya sake samun lambar yabo ta Rotterdam Marathon a cikin lokaci na 2:03:47, yana nuna mummunan rabuwa na biyu na 61:32, yana sa lokaci na biyu mafi sauri a Turai a tarihi yayin da ya rasa rikodin kansa na nahiyar da sakan 11 kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2023 |title=Abdi triumphs in the Rotterdam Marathon in a world leading 2:03:47 |url=https://www.european-athletics.com/news/abdi-triumphs-in-the-rotterdam-marathon-in-a-world-leading-2-03-47 |access-date=16 April 2023 |website=[[European Athletics]]}}</ref> A farkon shekara ta 2024, Abdi, yayin da yake horo a Habasha, ya sha wahala kuma an tilasta masa ya katse horo na makonni 6, ya hana shi gudanar da marathon na bazara a shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics na 2024 a [[Faris|Paris, Faransa]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 January 2024 |title=Bashir Abdi loopt blessure op en trekt streep door voorjaarsmarathon |url=https://www.atni.be/2024/01/31/bashir-abdi-loopt-blessure-op-en-trekt-streep-door-voorjaarsmarathon/ |access-date=22 August 2024 |publisher=Atletieknieuws |language=dutch}}</ref> Ya koma gasar a cikin Great Manchester Run, tserensa na farko tun lokacin da ya ji rauni, kuma ya kafa rikodin Belgium a cikin kilomita 10 a kan hanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2024 |title=Belgium's road to Olympic gold: the marathon |url=https://www.belganewsagency.eu/belgiums-road-to-olympic-gold-marathon |access-date=22 August 2024 |publisher=[[Belga (news agency)|Belga]] |archive-date=7 October 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007221206/https://www.belganewsagency.eu/belgiums-road-to-olympic-gold-marathon |url-status=dead }}</ref> &nbsp;A Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024, ya kammala na biyu, inda ya lashe lambar azurfa ta Belgium kawai a wasannin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2024 |title=Ethiopia's late sub Tola wins marathon in Olympic record in brutal conditions over hugely challenging course |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/paris-2024-olympics-report-men-marathon |access-date=22 August 2024 |publisher=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Tare da lokacinsa na 2:06:47 ya kuma karya rikodin ƙasar Belgium don marathon a cikin rukunin M35. A cikin 2025, Abdi ya yi gasa a cikin Marathon na Chicago, ya kammala na 10 tare da lokaci na 2:07:08.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 October 2025 |title=Bank of America Chicago Marathon: Results |url=https://results.chicagomarathon.com/2025/?pid=list |access-date=16 October 2025 |website=Bank of America Chicago Marathon}}</ref> == Kididdiga == [[Fayil:2018_European_Athletics_Championships_Day_2_(22).jpg|thumb|Abdi ya dauki azurfa don tseren mita 10,000 a Gasar Zakarun Turai ta 2018 a Berlin.]] === Rubuce-rubucen gasa === {|{{AchievementTable}} |- !colspan=6|Representing {{BEL}} |- |2010 |[[2010 European Cross Country Championships|European Cross Country Championships]] |[[Albufeira]], Portugal |41st |[[2010 European Cross Country Championships#Under-23 men|U23 race]] |25:25 |- |2011 |[[2011 European Athletics U23 Championships|European U23 Championships]] |[[Ostrava]], Czech Republic |15th |[[2011 European Athletics U23 Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |14:30.52 |- |rowspan=3|2012 |rowspan=2|[[2012 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Helsinki]], Finland |8th |[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |13:39.01 |- |4th |[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |28:23.72 |- |[[2012 European Cross Country Championships|European Cross Country Championships]] |[[Szentendre]], Hungary |9th |[[2012 European Cross Country Championships#Senior men|Senior race]] |30:26 |- |rowspan=3|2013 |[[2013 European Athletics Team Championships|European Team Championships First League]] |[[Dublin]], Ireland |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2013 European Athletics Team Championships#Men's events 2|5000 m]] |14:52.78 |- |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Moscow]], Russia |23rd |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |28:41.69 |- |[[2013 European Cross Country Championships|European Cross Country Championships]] |[[Belgrade]], Serbia |8th |[[2013 European Cross Country Championships#Senior men|Senior race]] |29:53 |- |rowspan=2|2014 |rowspan=2|[[2014 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Zürich]], Switzerland |5th |[[2014 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |28:13.61 |- |16th |[[2014 European Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |14:24.73 |- |rowspan=3|2015 |[[2015 European Athletics Team Championships|European Team Championships First League]] |[[Heraklion]], Greece |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2015 European Athletics Team Championships#Men's events 2|5000 m]] |15:17.47 |- |rowspan=2|[[2015 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Beijing]], China |– (f) |[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |{{AthAbbr|DNF}} |- |– (h) |[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |{{AthAbbr|DNS}} |- |rowspan=2|2016 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |20th |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |28:01.49 |- |33rd (h) |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |13:42.83 |- |2017 |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |19th (h) |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's 10,000 metres|5000 m]] |13:30.71 |- |2018 |[[2018 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]] |[[Berlin]], Germany |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2018 European Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |28:11.76 |- |rowspan=2|2021 |[[2021 European 10,000m Cup|European 10,000m Cup]] |[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2021 European 10,000m Cup#Men's|10,000 m]] |27:24.41 |- |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Tokyo]], Japan |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon]] |2:10:00 {{AthAbbr|SB}} |- |2022 |[[2022 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], United States |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |[[2022 World Athletics Championships – Men's marathon|Marathon]] |2:06:48 |- |2024 |[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Paris]], France |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon|Marathon]] |2:06:47 {{AthAbbr|SB}} |- !colspan=6|[[World Marathon Majors]] |- |2019 |[[2019 London Marathon|London Marathon]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |7th |[[2019 London Marathon|Marathon]] |2:07:03 |- |2020 |[[2020 Tokyo Marathon|Tokyo Marathon]] |[[Tokyo]], Japan |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2020 Tokyo Marathon|Marathon]] |2:04:49 |- |2022 |[[2022 London Marathon|London Marathon]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |[[2022 London Marathon|Marathon]] |2:05:19 |} === Mafi kyawun mutum === {| class="wikitable" !Yankin da ke sama !Abin da ya faru !Lokaci (Dagawa) <br /> !Wuri !Ranar !Bayani |- | rowspan="6" |Hanya |mita 1500 | align="center" |3:36.55 |Oordegem, Belgium | align="right" |5 ga Yulin 2014 | |- |mita 3,000 | align="center" |7:40.44 |[[Landan]], Ingila | align="right" |24 ga Yuli 2015 | |- |mita 5,000 | align="center" |13:04.91 |Brussels, Belgium | align="right" |31 ga watan Agusta 2018 | |- |Mita 10,000 | align="center" |27:24.41 |[[Birmingham]], Ingila | align="right" |5 Yuni 2021 | |- |Mita 20,000 | align="center" |56:20.02 |Brussels, Belgium | align="right" |4 ga Satumba 2020 |Mafi kyawun Duniya |- |Sa'a daya gudu | align="center" |21,322 m |Brussels, Belgium | align="right" |4 ga Satumba 2020 |'''{{AthAbbr|NR|Belgian}}''' |- | rowspan="3" |Hanyar |Km 10 | align="center" |28:07 |Schoorl, Netherlands | align="right" |10 Fabrairu 2019 | |- |Rabin marathon | align="center" |59:51 |Ghent, Belgium | align="right" |12 Maris 2023 |'''{{AthAbbr|NR|Belgian}}''' |- |Marathon | align="center" |2:03:36 |[[Rotterdam]], Netherlands | align="right" |24 ga Oktoba 2021 |'''Tarihin Turai''' |} == Daraja == * Jami'ar Ghent ta baiwa Abdi digirin digirin girmamawa na ma'aikata saboda haɗuwa ta musamman ta wasanni masu daraja da sadaukarwar zamantakewa.<ref name="doctorate" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sjxv2m0w37tst9ovz4n898rz7dfdz0m 0 165613 915660 910668 2026-09-03T17:17:46Z Ado Umar Abdullahi 48533 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 915660 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} (pronunciation na Mutanen Espanya: [ˈso.pe]) abinci ne na gargajiya na Mexico wanda ya kunshi tushe mai laushi tare da kayan ado masu ɗanɗano. {{IPA|es|ˈso.pe}}Har ila yau an san shi da ''Picadita'' (a Tierra Caliente, Guerrero) <ref> {{Cite web |title=Sope {{!}} Traditional Snack From Culiacán {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/sope |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}}</ref>, ya samo asali ne a sassan tsakiya da kudancin Mexico, inda wani lokacin aka fara saninsa da pellizcadas<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sope |url=https://laroussecocina.mx/palabra/sope/ |access-date=June 23, 2026 |website=Larousse Cocina |language=es}}</ref>. Yana da antojito kuma a farkon gani yana kama da wani nau'i mai kauri mai kauri tare da [[Kayan Lambu|kayan lambu]] da [[nama]]. Ana soya tushe na masa tare da bangarorin da aka yanke kuma an rufe shi da wake, cuku, lettuce, [[Salsa roja|ja]]" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Onion">albasa, ja ko kore sauce da cream mai zaki. Wani lokaci ana ƙara wasu sinadaran (yawanci nama) don ƙirƙirar dandano da salo daban-daban. == Soupes na gargajiya == ''sope'' ya bazu a duk yankin Mexico, kuma an yi dubban bambance-bambance na yanki. Kodayake ''sopes'' na al'ada ne daga Mexico, yawancin ƙasashen Amurka ta tsakiya sun karɓi wannan abincin a cikin abincin su, tare da sinadaran daban-daban, kuma suna kama da enchiladas na El Salvador. Duk da yake bangarorin da aka yi da ''sope'' sune halayensa na musamman, ana yin ''sopes'' mai laushi don kama da tortilla mai kauri ko tostada. Koyaya, kodayake duka tostadas da ''''sope'''' suna soya, tostada yana da bakin ciki kuma an soya shi har sai ya zama mai laushi da rauni, yayin da sope ya fi kauri kuma an soƙa shi ne kawai har sai an dafa waje. Sabili da haka, ''sope'' yana da taushi, ɗan sassauci. Ana nufin kauri na sope don tallafawa rufinsa, kuma dafa shi na waje ''ya'anta'' ƙara juriya ga danshi na sinadaran. Bambancin da aka fi sani da ''sope'' ya haɗa da ƙara kaza kawai kuma an san shi da sope de pollo. ''Soupes'' da aka rufe da nama na shanu ma bambanci ne na yau da kullun kuma yawanci sun fi girma fiye da sopes de pollo. A yankunan arewacin Mexico, galibi ana shirya ''sopes'' ba tare da kayan lambu ba, maye gurbin baƙar fata, salsa mai ɗanɗano, da ''longaniza'' ko ''[[Chorizo]]'' a maimakon haka. A cikin Acapulco da Guerrero, ''sopes'' suna da ƙananan girma, don haka ana kiransu ''sopecitos'' a maimakon haka, kuma ana soya su cikin man da aka yi amfani da shi don soya abincin teku, wanda ke ba su dandano na musamman. ''Sopecytes'' ana yin su ne da wake da salsa kawai; ba a kara wasu sinadaran ba. A Oaxaca, wani lokacin ana shirya ''sopes'' ta amfani da ''chapulines'' (tsuntsaye masu gasa) a matsayin saman. Har ila yau, babban abincin da ya yi kama da babban ''sope'' ko babban tostada shine abincin gargajiya na Oaxaca da aka sani da ''tlayuda''. == Irin wannan abincin == An karɓi ''sope'' kuma an daidaita shi da dandano na gida na dukan yankunan Mexico. Wannan ya haifar da kirkirar kayan abinci na gargajiya da yawa, wanda zai iya bayyana ya yi kama da ''sope'', amma ana ɗaukar su abinci daban. === Huarache === Bambancin da aka fi sani da shi shine <nowiki><i id="mwWg">huarache</i></nowiki>, wanda aka shirya kusan iri ɗaya. Koyaya, ''huarache'' yawanci yana da sau biyu ko uku kamar ''sope'' kuma yana da siffar siffar. Ana yawan rufe ''Huaraches'' da haƙarƙari, kaza, ko nama na naman sa. Sunan ''huarache'' ya samo asali ne daga siffar ''Mass'', mai kama da sanannun takalma. Toppings don ''huarache'' sun hada da wake, cuku, lettuce, sour cream, nama na shanu, da salsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/huaraches|title=Huaraches|work=MyRecipes|access-date=2017-06-13}}</ref> === Tlacoyo === ''tlacoyo'' abinci ne na gargajiya na gargajiya na Mexico wanda ba za a rikita shi da ''sope'' ba, amma a wasu yankuna an fara amfani da shi ta irin wannan hanyar, a matsayin tushe a saman wanda aka sanya sinadaran iri ɗaya da aka yi amfani da su don ''sopes''. A ''tlacoyo'' ne oval soya ko toasted cake yi da masa, torpedo-shaped da kuma da yawa fatter, tunda an cika shi da wake ko cuku. Tun da yake yana da kama da siffar ''huarache'' (amma karami), kuma an yi shi da masara iri ɗaya kamar ''sope'' kuma har ma ya fi kauri (don haka yana da ƙarin juriya ga abinci mai laushi), Masu sayar da tituna na Mexico sun yanke shawarar sayar da shi ta ƙara kayan shafawa a kansa, a matsayin madadin ''sope''. Koyaya, ana buƙatar cinye ''tlacoyo'' na gargajiya ba tare da wani kayan ado a kansa ba, kuma wannan nau'in galibi ana samunsa azaman abinci na titi. === Garnacha === ''Garnachas'' ƙananan tortillas ne na masara da aka soya tare da nama mai laushi, cuku mai bushe, da salsa. A lokuta da yawa, ''garnachas'' na iya yanka albasa da salsa a saman. Daidai da bayyanar ''sopes'', sune babban ƙwarewa daga Guatemala. === Memela === Oaxacan ''memelas'' suna ne na gida don irin wannan ''sopes'' da aka yi amfani da shi a wasu sassan Mexico, wanda aka yi da kayan ado daban-daban. ''Memelas'' cakes ne na masara da aka rufe da wake, salsa, shredded cabbage, mole negro, guacamole, da cuku. An yi amfani da ''Memelas'' a gidajen cin abinci na Oaxacan / Mexico a Amurka tun daga shekarun 1990. A Puebla, ana ba da su sau da yawa ta hanyar ɗora masa da aka dafa tare da sauce - jan sauce a gefe ɗaya da kore sauce a ɗayan gefen, wanda ake kira estilo bandera . Maimakon nama, ana ba da ''memelas'' a Puebla tare da cream mai zaki, cuku mai zaki da albasa a saman jan da kore. === Chalupa === chalupa wani abu ne mai laushi a cikin Abincin Mexico, ba sope ba, amma hanyar shirya ta iri ɗaya ce. Yana da ƙwarewa na kudu maso tsakiyar Mexico, kamar jihohin Puebla, Guerrero, da Oaxaca. Ana yin sa ne ta hanyar matse wani nau'i mai laushi na masa a waje na karamin ƙira da zurfin soya don samar da kofin masara mai laushi. An cika shi da sinadaran daban-daban kamar kaza, naman alade, albasa da aka yanka, albasa, ja salsa, da salsa kore. ''chalupa'' yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da ''sope'', yana kama da [[Kwale-kwale|jirgin ruwa]] mai kama da jirgin sama wanda shine sunansa, kodayake ƙananan nau'ikan (mai suna ''chalupitas'') suna samuwa a wasu yankuna. Ana sayar da wani nau'i na Americanized a cikin gidajen cin abinci na Taco Bell, cike da nama, steak, ko kaza, kuma an rufe shi da cuku, lettuce, cream mai zaki, da ''salsa'', yana kama da taco na Amurka a ciki, amma an rufe shi tare da gurasar alkama mai zurfi. === Salbutes da panuchos === Abinci na Yucatecan ya bambanta da abin da ake kira "Mexican" abinci, kamar yadda abinci daga wannan yankin, da farko [[Belize]], ya haɗa da Al'adun Maya na gida tare da tasirin abinci na Turai. ''Salbutes'' suna kama da ''sopes'' amma sun fi tsayi, suna da launi kuma suna da ɗanɗano tare da recado rojo (''achiote''), kuma an dafa su har sai sun yi tsami. Cikawa na iya haɗawa da wake, [[tumatir]], lettuce, avocado, ko nama, an rufe shi da salsa. Kalmar ''salbute'' ta fito ne daga Yucatec Maya ''Saal'' ma'anar "haske", da ''buut'' ma'anar ""mai amfani". ''Panuchos'' suna da tortillas da aka dafa a matsayin tushen ''sope'', amma an cika shi da baƙar fata kuma an rufe shi da turkey ko kaza, lettuce, avocado, da albasa. Habanero chiles suna tare da yawancin jita-jita, ko dai a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi ko mai tsabta, tare da sabo limes ko Ruwan lemun tsami. == Dubi kuma == * Jerin abincin Mexico * Gidan cin abinci == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 56cwytnni2ldcc0fcw04hk8bbo8id0q 0 165614 915916 910666 2026-09-04T00:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Barbra Banda''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2000) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Zambiya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba a kungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta kasa (NWSL) ta Orlando Pride kuma kyaftin din tawagar ƙasar Zambia . Ana ɗaukar Banda a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan mata a duniya. Ita ce mace mafi yawan cin kwallaye a tarihin kwallon kafa a Afirka, bayan ta ci kwallaye uku a wasannin Olympics guda biyu. Ta jagoranci Zambia wajen lashe Kofin Mata na COSAFA na 2022, inda ta lashe Kwallon Zinare da kwallaye goma. A shekarar 2024, an nada ta a matsayin [[Gwarzuwar 'Yar Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Matan Afirka|'yar kwallon kafa ta Afirka ta shekarar]], 'yar kwallon kafa ta BBC ta shekarar, sannan kuma an nada ta a matsayin 'yar kwallon kafa ta duniya ta FIFPRO ta 11 . A cikin 2024, Banda ta sanya hannu tare da Pride don kuɗin canja wurin na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na mata a lokacin. A kakar wasa ta farko a NWSL, ta jagoranci Pride zuwa NWSL Shield, 2024 NWSL Championship, kuma an kira ta NWSL Championship Most Valuable Player. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Banda a [[Lusaka]], babban birnin Zambiya. Ta fara buga kwallon kafa tun tana 'yar shekara bakwai tana wasa a kan tituna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbra Banda: "We have something within us" |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/barbra-banda-we-have-something-within-us |access-date=9 August 2022 |website=Olympics.org}}</ref> Mahaifinta wanda ya buga kwallon kafa ne ya yi wa Banda wahayi zuwa gare ta ta.<ref name="olympics-0623">{{Cite web |title=Ronaldo-inspired Zambian striker Barbra Banda: "I want to leave my mark in women's football." |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/ronaldo-inspired-zambia-striker-barbra-banda |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=International Olympic Committee}}</ref> Ta yi wasa tare da yara maza saboda makarantar da ta halarta ba ta da ƙungiyar 'yan mata.<ref name="chinadaily-0920">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2020 |title=Ex-boxer Banda packing a punch for Shanghai |url=https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202009/01/WS5f4da11ea310675eafc56ad1.html |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=China Daily}}</ref> Bayan iyayenta sun damu da cewa mai da hankali kan wasanni yana tsoma baki cikin makaranta, wani lokacin yakan fita kuma "ya jefa su (takalma) daga taga, sannan ya fita daga ƙofar, kuma za su yi tunanin watakila tana fita waje, sannan zan je zagaye don samun su" <ref name="chinadaily-0920" /> == Ayyukan kulob din == === EDF Logroño, 2018-2020 === Banda ta sanya hannu tare da kungiyar farko ta Spain EDF Logroño a watan Oktoba na 2018 ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi wasa a Turai.<ref name="olympics-0623" /> Ta zira kwallaye 16 a wasanni 28 tare da kulob din.<ref name="olympics-0623" /> === Shanghai Shengli, 2020-2023 === A watan Janairun 2020, Banda ta sanya hannu tare da kulob din Super League na kasar Sin [[:zh:上海农商银行女子足球队|Shanghai Shengli]] . <ref name="Barbra Banda isn’t waiting around">{{Cite web |last=Watkins |first=Claire |date=23 July 2021 |title=Barbra Banda isn't waiting around |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2021/07/23/barbra-banda-zambia-hat-trick-olympics-netherlands-analysis-profile/ |access-date=24 July 2021 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye a minti na 23 na karon farko da ta fara bugawa kulob din a ranar 23 ga watan Agusta.<ref name="chinadaily-0920" /> Banda ta ci gaba da zira kwallaye 18 a wasanni 13 na gasar don fitowa a matsayin mai lashe gasar Super League Golden Boot ta mata ta kasar Sin ta 2020 don mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmadu |first=Samuel |date=11 October 2020 |title=Barbra Banda emerges as Chinese Women's Super League top scorer |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/barbra-banda-emerges-as-chinese-womens-super-league-top/hibtstug5v4c166b59xfntbbc |access-date=2021-08-08 |website=Goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mubanga Jnr |first=Aaron |date=12 October 2020 |title=Barbra Banda wins golden boot in her first season in China |url=https://zambianfootball.co.zm/barbra-banda-wins-golden-boot-in-her-first-season-in-china/zfadmin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022151531/https://zambianfootball.co.zm/barbra-banda-wins-golden-boot-in-her-first-season-in-china/zfadmin/ |archive-date=22 October 2021 |access-date=8 August 2021 |website=Zambianfootball.co.zm}}</ref> === Orlando Pride, 2024-ya zuwa yanzu === [[Fayil:NC_Courage_vs_Orlando_Pride_(Jun_2024)_057.jpg|alt=Banda in a match against the North Carolina Courage, June 2024|right|thumb|280x280px|Banda a wasan da ya yi da Arewacin Carolina Courage, Yuni 2024]] A ranar 7 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa Orlando Pride ta ba da sanarwar cewa sun sanya hannu kan Banda zuwa kwangilar shekaru hudu ta hanyar kakar 2027. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Orlando Pride acquires Zambian International Barbra Banda, signing forward to four-year deal |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-acquires-zambian-international-barbra-banda |access-date=2024-03-09 |website=orlandocitysc.com |language=en}}</ref> An canja shi don kuɗin $ 740,000, ma'amala ta kasance na biyu mafi girma a tarihin kwallon kafa na mata a lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=2024-03-05 |title=Source: Orlando Pride acquire Barbra Banda for $740,000 fee, second largest in world history – Equalizer Soccer |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2024/03/05/source-orlando-pride-acquire-barbra-banda-740000-transfer-fee-second-largest-world-history-nwsl-salary/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |language=en-US}}</ref> Banda ta fara kulob dinta a kan benci a cikin nasara 1-0 a kan San Diego Wave a ranar 19 ga Afrilu. Ta fara farawa mai ban sha'awa a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, inda ta taimaka, ta zira kwallaye, kuma ta jawo fa'ida a cikin nasarar 3-2 a kan Washington Spirit . Banda ta zira kwallaye takwas a wasanni bakwai na farko, inda ta ci Sophia Smith don jagorancin Golden Boot. An ba ta suna NWSL Player of the Month na Mayu tare da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni biyar, ciki har da uku. A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin ta zira kwallaye na 12 na kakar don bude yakin tsakanin kungiyoyi biyu na karshe da ba a ci nasara ba, Orlando Pride da Kansas City Current, wanda ya ƙare a matsayin nasarar 2-1 ga Pride. Orlando ya lashe gasar NWSL Shield ta 2024 bayan ya gama kakar wasa ta yau da kullun a wuri na farko, ya tattara kofin farko a tarihin kulob din. Goals 13 na Banda a cikin kakar sun kasance na biyu a gasar ne kawai ga mai zira kwallaye na Kansas City [[Temwa Chawinga]] . A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, a zagaye na farko na 2024 NWSL Playoffs, Banda ya zira kwallaye sau biyu a nasarar 4-1 a kan Chicago Red Stars . A wasan kusa da na karshe, ta zira kwallaye na biyu na Orlando kuma ta taimaka wa Marta a karo na uku a nasarar da Orlando ta samu 3-2 a kan Kansas City Current . Banda ya zira kwallaye guda daya na gasar zakarun NWSL a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba, inda ya jefa kwallon a gaban mai tsaron gidan Washington Spirit Aubrey Kingsbury a kusa don samun nasara 1-0. An kira ta MVP na gasar. Ayyukan Banda a cikin kakar 2024 ta NWSL ya haifar da sanya mata suna zuwa NWSL Best XI, wanda aka zaba don Ballon d'Or da NWSL MVP, kuma aka zabe ta BBC Women's Footballer of the Year. A cikin kakar 2025, Banda ya kafa rikodin NWSL don saurin hat trick, ya zira kwallaye uku a kan Utah Royals a cikin minti 38 na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baer |first=Jack |date=24 May 2025 |title=Barbra Banda scores fastest hat trick in NWSL history |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/soccer/breaking-news/article/barbra-banda-scores-fastest-hat-trick-in-nwsl-history-024642516.html |website=[[Yahoo Sports]]}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 2025, ta samu rauni a kwatangwalo a wasan da ta yi da Kansas City, inda ta fita daga sauran kakar wasa ta 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Sandra |date=2025-08-23 |title=Orlando Pride forward Barbra Banda sidelined for season; 2024 NWSL Championship MVP injures hip adductor |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/orlando-pride-forward-barbra-banda-sidelined-for-season-2024-nwsl-championship-mvp-injures-hip-adductor/ |access-date=2025-09-05 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> Banda ta koma filin wasa a farkon kakar 2026 kuma an sanya mata suna a cikin tawagar watan Maris ta NWSL bayan ta zira kwallaye uku a wasanni uku na farko da ta yi.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-04-03 |title=NWSL Announces March Best XI of the Month, Presented by Amazon Prime |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-march-best-xi-of-the-month-presented-by-amazon-prime-x7868 |access-date=2026-04-03 |website= |publisher=[[NWSL]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Junior === Banda ta wakilci tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekara 17 ta Zambia a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2014. Ta cika shekaru 14 a lokacin gasar.<ref name="olympics-0623" /> === Tsohon === <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>A ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2016, Banda ta fara buga wasan farko a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2016 da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Namibiya|Namibia]]. Banda ya jagoranci tawagar Zambiya a gasar Olympics ta 2020 a Tokyo, karo na farko da Zambia ta fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya.<ref name="france24-0820">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=Barbra Banda: Zambian woman footballer packing a punch in China |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200827-barbra-banda-zambian-woman-footballer-packing-a-punch-in-china |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=France24}}</ref><ref name="dw-0721">{{Cite web |date=7 July 2021 |title=Zambia's Barbra Banda one to watch after stellar Tokyo 2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/tokyo-2020-barbra-banda-stakes-claim-to-future-despite-zambias-exit/a-58661670 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=DW}}</ref> A lokacin wasan farko na rukuni, Banda ya zira kwallaye a kan Netherlands. Wasan ya ƙare 3-10, mafi munin asarar da aka taba samu ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Zambia kuma wasan ƙwallon ƙwallon mata mafi girma a tarihin Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Ryan |date=21 July 2021 |title=Netherlands women's soccer blows out Zambia in historic win to open Olympics |url=https://nz.news.yahoo.com/netherlands-womens-soccer-blows-out-zambia-in-historic-opening-win-134223836.html |access-date=21 July 2021 |publisher=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na biyu, Banda ya sake zira kwallaye a kan kasar Sin tare da wasan da ya ƙare a 4-4 draw. Ta zama mace ta farko da ta yi wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a tarihin wasannin Olympics da ta zira kwallaye biyu a baya-baya kuma ta farko da da ta zira kwallo biyu a gasar daya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=China PR 4–4 Zambia |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/womensolympic/tokyo2020/match-center/400065436 |website=Fifa.com}}</ref> Ita ce babbar mai zira kwallaye a Afirka a tarihin Olympics.<ref name="espn-072421">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2021 |title=Zambia's Barbra Banda on breaking Olympic record: I aim to become best in world |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37619357/zambias-barbra-banda-breaking-olympic-record-aim-become-best-world |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Nightmare for Germany! World Cup favourites suffer shock warm-up friendly defeat to 77th-ranked Zambia with Barbra Banda netting stunning 102nd-minute winner |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/germany-world-cup-favourites-friendly-defeat-zambia-barbra-banda/blt36795973f2bdba37 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga watan Yulin 2022, Banda da abokan aiki uku, ciki har da dan wasan gaba [[Racheal Kundananji]], an yanke musu hukuncin cewa ba su cancanci yin gasa a Zambia a gasar cin kofin duniya ba, Kofin Kasashen Afirka, bayan gwajin tabbatar da jinsi ya gano cewa matakan testosterone na halitta sun fi na Confederation of African Football, wanda ke da ka'idojin tabbatar da jinsi fiye da Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2023 |title=Women's World Cup 2023 team guides part 12: Zambia |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jul/09/womens-world-cup-2023-team-guides-part-12-zambia |access-date=12 July 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Hukuncin ya haifar da babbar gardama, tare da Human Rights Watch ta bayyana shi a matsayin "a bayyane take" game da haƙƙinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 July 2022 |title=Zambian Woman Footballer Sex Tested Because FIFA Allows It |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/07/13/zambian-woman-footballer-sex-tested-because-fifa-allows-it |website=Hrw.org}}</ref> &nbsp;A watan Agustan 2022, bayan kammala matsayi na uku na Zambia a gasar (kuma duk da cewa Banda ba ta iya yin gasa ba), ita da abokan aikinta bakwai sun sami ci gaba daga Sojojin Zambiya. An ba Banda matsayin sajan, mafi girma a cikin rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotto |first=Joel |date=5 August 2022 |title=Zambia military promotes Banda & seven others after World Cup qualification, bronze medal at 2022 Wafcon |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ug/news/zambia-military-promotes-banda-world-cup-2022-wafcon/bltd77d1bb0b565317e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805110837/https://www.goal.com/en-ug/news/zambia-military-promotes-banda-world-cup-2022-wafcon/bltd77d1bb0b565317e |archive-date=5 August 2022 |access-date=12 July 2023 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A watan Satumbar 2022, Banda ta jagoranci Zambia don lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta COSAFA ta farko ta 2022, babbar gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa da kasa ga kungiyoyin kasa daga Kudancin Afirka <ref name="zambia24-2022 COSAFA">{{Cite web |date=12 September 2022 |title=Double delight for Barbra Banda as Copper Queens sweep COSAFA individual awards |url=https://zambia24.com/double-delight-for-barbra-banda-as-copper-queens-sweep-cosafa-individual-awards/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Zambia24}}</ref> Goals dinta goma sun ba ta Golden Ball don mafi kyawun dan wasan gasar. <ref name="zambia24-2022 COSAFA" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2022 |title=Barbra Banda back 'with a bang' for Zambia after eligibility row |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/62832165 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A watan Yunin 2023, an sanya wa Banda suna zuwa tawagar Zambiya don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023 a Ostiraliya da New Zealand bayan da FIFA ta mallake ta don yin gasa a watan Disamba na 2022. [[File:2023-07-07_Fussball,_Frauen,_Länderspiel,_Deutschland_-_Sambia_1DX_7004_by_Stepro.jpg|alt=Banda during the [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]] 3–2 upset win over Germany, 7 July 2023|right|thumb|280x280px|Banda during the 3–2 upset win over Germany, in a warm-up friendly match for [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]], 7 July 2023 ]] A ranar 7 ga watan Yulin 2023, ta zira kwallaye biyu, ciki har da wanda ya lashe wasan a minti na 12 na [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Lokacin rauni]], a kan FIFA # 2 ranked Jamus, wanda ya jagoranci # 77 ranked Zambia zuwa ban mamaki 3-2 damuwa. An kira Banda dan wasa na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2023 |title=Banda answers Popp in 112th minute for Zambia to beat Germany 3-2 in Women's World Cup warmup |url=https://apnews.com/article/germany-zambia-banda-popp-womens-world-cup-6670100e4a8d212a796bdad944d9c0bf |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar 31 ga Yuli, Banda ta lashe wasan a nasarar farko ta Zambia a gasar cin Kofin Duniya, nasarar 3-1 a kan Costa Rica.<ref>{{Cite web |date=Jul 31, 2023 |title=Visa Player of the Match: Barbra Banda |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/sxbL6dBg00Oog8l6YRbXbA |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=FIFA}}</ref> A cikin wannan wasan Banda ta zira kwallaye na biyu na gasar cin kofin duniya ta Zambia, wanda kuma shine burin 1,000 a tarihin gasar cin kocin duniya ta mata.<ref name="Bandaauto">{{Cite web |title=World Cup NOW: Zambia finishes on a high note with first World Cup win |url=https://www.foxsports.com/stories/soccer/world-cup-now-zambia-finishes-on-a-high-note-with-first-world-cup-win |website=FOX Sports}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2024, ta zira kwallaye a cikin nasarar 2-0 a kan Morocco, ta cancanci al'ummarta zuwa gasar Olympics ta 2024 ta hanyar lashe jerin gida da waje 3-2 a jimillar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toufaily |first=Assile |date=9 April 2024 |title=Paris 2024 Olympics: Morocco Miss Out On Historic Qualification, Zambia Qualifies |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/assiletoufaily/2024/04/09/paris-2024-olympics-morocco-miss-out-on-historic-qualification-zambia-qualifies/ |website=Forbes}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga watan Yulin 2024, an kira Banda zuwa tawagar Zambia don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024. <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=Copper_Queens|title=COPPER QUEENS FINAL SQUAD FOR OLYMPICS|access-date=7 July 2024}}</ref> Kodayake Zambia ta kasa ci gaba da wucewa matakin rukuni, Banda ita ce ta biyu mafi girma a gasar bayan ta zira kwallaye 4 a wasanni 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Orlando Pride's Barbra Banda and Marta Earn Places on 2024 FIFPRO Women's World 11 |url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-s-barbra-banda-and-marta-earn-places-on-2024-fifpro-women-s-world-11#:~:text=On%20an%20international%20stage,%20Banda,tricks%20at%20the%20Olympic%20Games. |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=orlandocitysc |language=en}}</ref> 3 daga cikin burinta sun haɗu don hat-trick a cikin asarar Zambia ta 6-5 ga Ostiraliya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-28 |title=Australia come from behind in epic 6-5 win at 2024 Paris Olympics as Zambia's Banda sets hat trick record |url=https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/australia-come-from-behind-in-epic-6-5-win-at-2024-paris-olympics-as-zambias-banda-sets-hat-trick-record/ |access-date=2025-05-12 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en}}</ref> Nuwamba 2024 ta ga an zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ta mata ta BBC ta shekara bayan ta sami kuri'un da suka fi yawa. Wannan ya zo ne bayan wasan kwaikwayon da ta yi a wasannin Olympics na 2024, kakar NWSL, da kuma wasannin NWSL, tare da zama ta biyu mafi tsada a cikin tarihin mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-26 |title=Barbra Banda wins BBC Women's Footballer of the Year award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c8jypk4xz7xo |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Banda ita ce batun wani hari na kan layi daga [[J. K. Rowling]] wanda ya nuna cewa ita namiji ce. Kocin tawagar mata ta Amurka Emma Hayes da dan wasan tsakiya na Amurka [[Megan Rapinoe]] sun kare Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linehan |first=Meg |date=17 December 2024 |title=NWSL missed a chance to help Barbra Banda amid bad- |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5967730/2024/12/04/nwsl-barbra-banda-bad-faith-attacks/ |website=New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024 |title=Not even JK Rowling can take glory away from Barbra Banda |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/jk-rowling-barbra-banda-bbc-footballer-of-the-year-award-trans-b2654651.html |website=The Independent}}</ref> A ranar 16 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2024 aka zabi Banda a matsayin 'yar wasan kwallon kafa ta mata ta Afirka ta shekara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-16 |title=Lookman, Banda and Williams are big winners at 2024 CAF Awards in Marrakech, Morocco |url=https://www.cafonline.com/news/lookman-banda-and-williams-are-big-winners-at-2024-caf-awards-in-marrakech-morocco |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=CAFonline.com}}</ref> == Sauran ayyukan == <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>Bayan da kwararren ɗan dambe na Zambiya Catherine Phiri ya yi wahayi zuwa gare ta, Banda ta fara dambe a kusa da shekaru 14 <ref name="olympics-0623" /> da farko a matsayin mai son sannan kuma bayan da ba ta taɓa rasa wani wasa ba kuma wasu masu son sun ƙi yin yaƙi da ita, sai ta zama ƙwararru. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2017 |title=In Zambia, women are boxing's stars |url=https://seattleglobalist.com/2017/03/22/in-zambia-women-are-boxings-stars/63745 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Seattle Globalist}}</ref> Banda ta yi gasa a wasanni biyar na sana'a kuma ta lashe dukkan biyar kafin ta zaɓi mayar da hankali kan kwallon kafa.<ref name="dw-0721" /> A cikin 2021, Banda ta ƙaddamar da Gidauniyar Barbra Banda wacce ke da niyyar tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ke inganta karfafawa ga mata da 'yan mata kan batutuwan Rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, tashin hankali na jinsi, rashin samun damar samun daidaito, ciki na matasa, da auren farko ta amfani da ikon wasanni. Gidauniyar tana shirya gasar kwallon kafa ta shekara-shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Barbra Banda Foundation, Annual Women's Challenge Cup Launched |url=https://zambianfootball.co.zm/barbra-banda-foundation-annual-womens-challenge-cup-launched/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Zambian Football}}</ref> A kan tushe, Banda ya ce, "Kamar mutane da yawa, ban fito daga wurin wadata ba don haka na fahimci abin da yake nufi da buƙatar taimako kuma babu wanda ke son taimaka maka. Na kuma sami sauƙin rayuwa lokacin da kake da mutane a shirye su taimaka maka a kan hanyarku zuwa nasara. "<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2021 |title='Barbra Banda Foundation to inspire the girl-child' |url=https://www.thezambiansun.news/2021/02/04/barbra-banda-foundation-to-inspire-the-girl-child/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708042936/https://www.thezambiansun.news/2021/02/04/barbra-banda-foundation-to-inspire-the-girl-child/ |archive-date=8 July 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Lusaka Sun}}</ref> Banda ta shiga Common Goal a cikin 2019 tana alkawarin akalla kashi 1% na albashinta ga asusun hadin gwiwa wanda ke tallafawa kungiyoyin agaji na kwallon kafa a duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ntroducing our very first Zambian 🇿🇲 #CommonGoal members |url=https://www.facebook.com/CommonGoalOrg/posts/373385353301671:0?paipv=0&eav=AfbSfRn2jpM0xIrpnbwTyQnKDD51RfAuGld8yxD81byjtmECJcJHETQBFUT3rwswatU&_rdr |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=Common Goal}}</ref> == Hanyar wasa == An dauki Banda a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan mata mafi kyau a duniya. Mai zira kwallaye, tana da sauri, matsayi, da kuma kammala a gaban net. Banda ta lura da dan wasan Brazil [[Marta (mai wasan ƙwallon ƙafa)|Marta]] da dan wasan kwallon kafa na maza na Portugal [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] a matsayin 'yan wasan da take sha'awarta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2021 |title=Two hat-tricks in two games: Zambia goal machine Banda taking the Olympics by storm |url=https://www.sportingnews.com/ca/soccer/news/two-hat-tricks-two-games-zambia-goal-machine-banda-olympics/190iimy8i0vi01j7j6c51incg3 |access-date=8 July 2023 |publisher=The Sporting News}}</ref><ref name="olympics-0623" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |title=Women's Footballer of the Year contender Banda |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/crl82288k2po |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=BBC}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 16 June 2026}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/banda-barbra/333430/|title=Barbra Banda|website=Soccerway|accessdate=19 January 2025}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Wasanni[ƙasa-alpha 2] ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Logroño |2018–19 |Sashe na Farko |17 |8 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |8 |- |2019–20 |Sashe na Farko |9 |7 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |7 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !26 !15 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !26 !15 |- |Shanghai Shengli |2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2020 |title=#CWSL {{!}} Topscorers of the League |url=https://twitter.com/CHNWNT/status/1315294569840476161 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011141905/https://twitter.com/CHNWNT/status/1315294569840476161 |archive-date=2020-10-11 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=China Women's Football - 中国女足 |language=en}}</ref> |Kungiyar Mata ta kasar Sin |13 |18 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |13 |18 |- | rowspan="4" |Orlando Pride |2024 | rowspan="3" |NWSL |22 |13 | colspan="2" | - |3 |4 |25 |17 |- |2025 |16 |8 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |17 |8 |- |2026 |12 |11 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |12 |11 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !49 !31 !1 !0 !3 !4 !53 !35 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !88 !64 !1 !0 !3 !4 !92 !68 |} === Manufofin kasa da kasa === == Daraja == '''Orlando Pride''' * Gasar NWSL: 2024 <ref name="2024NWSLChamp">{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=23 November 2024 |title=Banda the difference as Orlando Pride crowned NWSL champs |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/42573434/banda-difference-orlando-pride-crowned-nwsl-champs |website=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> * NWSL Shield: 2024 '''Zambia''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta COSAFA: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2022 |title=Zambia claim maiden HOLLYWOODBETS COSAFA Women's Championship title |url=https://cosafa.com/en-fr-pr-zambia-claim-maiden-hollywoodbets-cosafa-womens-championship-title/ |access-date=8 August 2023 |website=COSAFA}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Babban mai zira kwallaye na Super League na mata na kasar Sin: 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2020 |title=#CWSL {{!}} Topscorers of the League |url=https://twitter.com/CHNWNT/status/1315294569840476161 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=China Women's Football - 中国女足}}</ref> * COSAFA Mata ta farko mai zira kwallaye: 2022 <ref name="zambia24-2022 COSAFA" /> * IFFHS Mafi Kyawun Mata na Duniya Mai zira kwallaye na Duniya: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD BEST INTERNATIONAL GOAL SCORER 2023 |url=https://iffhs.com/en/news/iffhs-womens-world-best-international-goal-scorer-2023-3292 |access-date=2 January 2024 |website=IFFHS }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Dan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na BBC na shekara: 2024 * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI Ƙungiyar Farko: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=NWSL |date=18 November 2024 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of 2024 NWSL Best XI Awards, presented by Amazon Prime {{!}} NWSL Announces Winners of 2024 NWSL Best XI Awards, presented by Amazon Prime |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-2024-nwsl-best-xi-awards-presented-by-amazon-prime |access-date=22 November 2024 |publisher=NWSL}}</ref> * Wasanni na NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa: 2024 <ref name="2024NWSLChamp" /> * FIFPRO Duniya ta Mata 11: 2024 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2024 |title=Who is in the 2024 FIFPRO Women's World 11? {{!}} Aitana Bonmati, Barbra Banda & more! |url=https://www.fifpro.org/en/supporting-players/player-influence/world11/who-is-in-the-2024-fifpro-women-s-world-11 |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=FIFPRO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2025 FIFPRO World 11 winners revealed {{!}} Bellingham, Bonmati, Banda, Dembele, Palmer & more! |url=https://www.fifpro.org/en/articles/2025/11/2025-fifpro-world-11-winners-revealed |access-date=5 May 2025 |website=FIFPRO}}</ref> * [[Gwarzuwar 'Yar Wasan Kwallon Kafa ta Matan Afirka|Dan wasan kwallon kafa na mata na Afirka na Shekara]]: 2024 * CAF Team of the Year Mata XI: 2023, 2024 <ref>{{Cite tweet|user=CAF_Online|title=FLAWLESS. Presenting the 𝐂𝐀𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐅𝐏𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧’𝐬 𝐁𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐗𝐈 and it’s as extraordinary as they get!|access-date=16 December 2024}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Barbra Bandaa cikinKungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa * [[Goal (website)|GOAL]].com/en/player/barbra-banda/e2obgph6szyo04em3qr94g1qt" id="mwBYw" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Barbra Banda a GOAL * {{Soccerway}} * Barbra Bandaa WorldFootball.net * Barbra BandaaOlympics.com * Barbra BandaaOlympedia * Barbra Bandaa kanInstagram [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 2000]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o6t5x0w1xyvwh00o3tmqrkqxtzz6l9a 0 165857 915545 912723 2026-09-03T15:04:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Social Change Assistance Trust (SCAT) ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Afirka ta Kudu wadda ba ta neman riba, aka kafa ta a shekarar 1984 domin fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da tallafa wa ayyukan agaji da ke inganta adalcin zamantakewa. SCAT tana mai da hankali kan ayyukanta a yankunan karkara na lardunan Afirka ta Kudu guda huɗu: Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Northern Cape da Free State. Tana mai da hankali kan ayyukan da suka shafi al’umma kuma al’umma ce ke jagorantar su, musamman ayyukan da ke magance rashin daidaito da rashin adalci.<ref name="SCATbook">{{Cite book|title=Rural Voice: The Social Change Assistance Trust, 1984-2004, Working in South Africa|last=Orford|first=Margie|publisher=David Philip, Publishers|year=2004|isbn=0864866658|location=Cape Town|pages=7, 8}}</ref><ref name="Raith">{{Cite web |title=The Raith Foundation: Current Grantees |url=http://www.raith.org.za/current-grants-1 |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=www.raith.org.za |language=en |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913184207/http://www.raith.org.za/current-grants-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Babbar rawar SCAT ita ce bayar da tallafi ga ayyukan al’umma, tare da gina ƙwarewa da kuma gudanar da tantance ayyukan da take tallafawa a yankunan karkara. == Tarihi == Barry Streek, Gordon Young da Di Oliver ne suka kafa SCAT a shekarar 1984 domin taimaka wa al’ummomin karkara matalauta su samu albarkatun da suke da haƙƙin samu tun bayan kafa dimokuraɗiyya a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1994. Tallafin farko na kuɗi da ƙungiyar ta samu ya fito ne daga Church of Norway.[1] SCAT ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa Community House, wata cibiyar ƙungiyoyin farar hula da ke Cape Town, a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. ’Yar siyasar African National Congress, Nomaindiya Mfeketo, ta yi aiki da SCAT tsakanin shekarar 1991 da 1992 kafin ta shiga harkokin siyasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nomaindiya Cathleen Mfeketo, Ms {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/nomaindiya-cathleen-mfeketo-ms |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref> == Ayyuka == {| class="wikitable" align="right" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em; text-align:center; font-size:95%" ! colspan="5" style="background:#ccccff" |Ayyukan taimakon SCAT (1984-2014) |- !Lardin !Adadin ayyukan da aka taimaka |- |Yammacin Cape |109 |- |Gabashin Cape |86 |- |Arewacin Cape |35 |- |Ƙasar 'Yanci |3 |- |Kwa-Zulu Natal |6 |- |Lardin Arewa maso Yamma |1 |} A shekarar 2006, ƙungiyar tana aiki tare da abokan hulɗa 58 na yankunan karkara. A shekarar 2005, ƙungiyar ta fuskanci ƙarancin kuɗaɗen gudanarwa saboda raguwar tallafin da tsofaffin masu bayar da gudummawa ke yi da kuma rashin isasshen ƙarfin tara kuɗi. Hakan ya tilasta wa ƙungiyar sauya tsarin gudanar da ayyukanta. Daga nan ta fara rage ayyukanta a hankali, ta rage ma’aikatan gudanarwa, tare da daidaita kasafin kuɗinta domin dogaro da hanyoyin samun kuɗaɗen shiga masu tabbas.<ref name="NGOpulse">{{Cite web |last=Farouk |first=Fazila |date=2006-01-17 |title=Social Change Assistance Trust |url=http://www.ngopulse.org/article/social-change-assistance-trust |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=NGO Pulse |language=en |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913183925/http://www.ngopulse.org/article/social-change-assistance-trust |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tsakanin shekarar 1984 da 2014, an ruwaito cewa SCAT ta tallafa wa Hukumomin Ci gaban Al’umma na Ƙananan Yankuna (Local Development Agencies) guda 515. == Manazarta == isss1d0c4s6odkydiefarfaed5rao2z 0 166004 915936 913823 2026-09-04T04:18:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Thomas Ward''' (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1948) ƙwararren mai buga ganga ne ɗan ƙasar Ingila. Shi ne ainihin mai buga ganga na Black Sabbath, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar mawakan heavy metal a shekarar 1969 tare da Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi da Geezer Butler . Ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙi guda uku kacal, na baya-bayan nan shine ''Accountable Beasts'' a shekarar 2015. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haife shi a Aston, Birmingham a ranar 5 ga Mayu 1948, <ref name="officialbio">{{Cite web |title=The Official Bill Ward Site |url=https://www.billward.com/theband/bill-ward/ |access-date=1 September 2022 |website=Billward.com}}</ref> Bill Ward ya fara buga ganguna tun yana yaro, yana sauraron manyan mawakan shekarun 1940; tasirinsa na farko sune Gene Krupa, Buddy Rich da Louie Bellson . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Never say Die!: Bill Ward interview |url=http://www.staythirstymedia.com/201002-042/html/201002-bill-ward-int.html |access-date=8 June 2013 |website=Staythirstymedia.com}}</ref> Daga baya masu buga ganga kamar Larrie Londonin, Bernard Purdie, Joe Morello, Keef Hartley, Hughie Flint, John Bonham, Ringo Starr, Jim Capaldi, Clive Bunker, Mitch Mitchell, da John Densmore sun yi masa tasiri. <ref name="officialbio" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=May 2020 |first=Jeff Potter On 01st |title=Bill Ward: Metal Drumming Godfather |url=https://www.moderndrummer.com/article/bill-ward-metal-drumming-godfather/ |access-date=5 May 2026 |website=Modern Drummer Magazine |language=en}}</ref> A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, Ward ya rera waƙa kuma ya buga ganguna a cikin wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Rest, kafin shi da ɗan guitar Tony Iommi suka yi wasa tare a cikin wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Mythology, <ref name="AllMusic Bill Ward biography">{{Cite web |title=AllMusic Bill Ward biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p193862|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=24 January 2009}}</ref> kuma bayan rushewar wannan ƙungiyar suka haɗu da mawaƙin Ozzy Osbourne da ɗan bass Geezer Butler, waɗanda suka taɓa yin wasa tare a cikin wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna The Rare Breed. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AllMusic Geezer Butler biography |url={{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p61332|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=24 January 2009}}</ref> Sabbin ƙungiyar sun kira kansu Earth, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka sake musu suna Black Sabbath. A wannan lokacin, Ward yana wasa lokaci-lokaci tare da ƙungiyar Bakerloo . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Breznikar |first=Klemen |date=29 September 2012 |title=Bakerloo interview with Terry Poole |url=https://www.psychedelicbabymag.com/2012/09/bakerloo-interview-with-terry-poole.html}}</ref> === Bakin sati === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  An yaba wa Bill Ward a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane huɗu na asali kuma waɗanda suka kafa Black Sabbath, bayan ya buga kundin waƙoƙi takwas na farko tare da babban ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ozzy Osbourne, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da "zamanin Osbourne". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Ward – Black Sabbath Online |url=https://www.black-sabbath.com/theband/ward/ |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Black-sabbath.com}}</ref> Ward ya bar ƙungiyar har abada a shekarar 1983, inda a wasu lokutan yake fitowa har zuwa wasan ƙarshe na Black Sabbath a shekarar 2025. ==== ''Baƙar Asabar'' (1970) da ''Paranoid'' (1970) ==== Bayan sun yi rikodin jerin shirye-shiryen da aka yi wa lakabi da Earth tare da manaja na wancan lokacin Jim Simpson, an sake wa ƙungiyar suna Black Sabbath bisa shawarar Geezer Butler, kuma sun fara fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsu na farko a watan Fabrairun 1970. Butler ya ce waƙar " NIB " an sanya mata suna ne bayan gemun Bill Ward "saboda tana da kaifi" kuma tana kama da alkalami . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Geezer Butler Reveals What Black Sabbath's 'N.I.B' Really Stands for |url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/geezer_butler_reveals_what_black_sabbaths_nib_really_stands_for.html |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Ultimate-guitar.com |language=en}}</ref> Watanni huɗu bayan haka, Black Sabbath ta yi rikodin wani fim mai suna ''Paranoid'', wanda Ward ya rera waƙar "Rat Salad" mai suna "Bera Salad". A cewar Butler, waƙar ta samo asali ne saboda ƙungiyar ta yi wasanni takwas na sa'o'i 3/4 a kowace dare a Turai a farkon aikinsu. "Bill ya kan cika mintuna 45 yana yin ganga kawai don kawar da waɗannan mintuna 45" ya bayyana wa ''Classic Albums'' . "Amma ban san daga ina taken ya fito ba." A shekarar 1971, Butler ya bayyana cewa taken ya fito ne daga wani barkwanci game da rashin tsefe gashin Ward. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stolz |first=Nolan |date=September 2019 |title=More That Metal: Black Sabbath's Use of Blues, Classical, Jazz, Prog, and Other Musical Styles |url=https://www.academia.edu/40756878 |journal=Home of Metal Symposium and Workshop: Music Heritage, People and Place |publisher=Home of Metal Symposium and Workshop: Music Heritage, People and Place. Birmingham City University (U.K.)}}</ref> ==== ''Jagorar Gaskiya'' (1971) da ''Vol.'' ''4'' (1972) ==== An yi rikodin kuma an sake shi a shekarar 1971, ''Master of Reality'' ya ga ƙara mai nauyi a cikin ƙungiyar mawakan dangane da samarwa. " ''Master of Reality'' shine inda muka sami kanmu[...] Na san mutane suna jin cewa Sabbath ya ƙirƙiro heavy metal tare da kundin wakokinmu na farko - kuma hakan gaskiya ne har zuwa wani lokaci. Amma ina ganin cewa tare da ''Master of Reality'' ne muka tabbatar da ƙarfin da kuma ƙarfin waƙar." Bill Ward ya ambaci yadda ƙungiyar ta ɗauki "uppers, downers, Quaaludes, duk abin da kuke so[...] Bayan ''Master of Reality'' ne na tuna Geezer ya gabatar da batun a karon farko game da yadda komai ya fita daga hayyacinsa. Ya fara cewa ya gaji..." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yatespublished |first=Henry |date=8 June 2021 |title=Black Sabbath’s Master Of Reality: the inside story of 70s metal’s stoned masterpiece |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/black-sabbath-master-of-reality-story-behind-the-album |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Louder |language=en}}</ref> Bayan kammala ''Master of Reality'', ƙungiyar ta yi tafiya zuwa [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] don yin rikodin ''Vol.'' ''4'' a Kamfanin Rikodi . {{Blockquote|''Master of Reality'', I always felt, was the last album in terms of the constant touring. We went around the world multiple times and we played just about everywhere. We needed to take a break, so we decided to make our next record in [[California]], and so some of the sunshine and some of the effects of that bled into ''Vol. 4''. And this included the aftermath of the counter-culture; there were still a lot of people still wearing flowers in their hair – and this is in 1972 – and that was still very prominent, especially in California. Geezer, Ozzy and myself even visited a lot of the hippy ranches and communes. We’d hang out there and we’d get high, man. They were all singing and banging tambourines. A song came out of that. We went to [[Laguna Beach]] in southern California and we came back absolutely impressed. We must have looked changed to Tony but before too long "Laguna Sunrise" appeared; he just wrote the song. And I thought, 'Oh my God! That's exactly what it was like.' He’d just taken a musical photograph of it and he must've seen it in us when we got back. He's a phenomenal songwriter; absolutely brilliant. And every time I play "Laguna Sunrise", it's smack on the money. Things like that were a huge influence and by that time I was using cocaine and become addicted to it. I'm now in my 32nd year of being clean and sober but back then I was using a lot of [[cocaine]] on ''Vol. 4''.<ref name="Marszalek2015">{{cite web |last=Marszalek |first=Julian |title=Never Say Die: Bill Ward Interviewed |url=https://thequietus.com/interviews/black-sabbath-bill-ward-interview/ |website=The Quietus |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=7 July 2015}}</ref>}} "Kungiyar ta kasance cikin zamaninta na farko, a zahiri babu wanda ya taɓa yin rashin nasara har yanzu," in ji Ward. : 68 Ana fama wajen yin rikodin waƙar "Cornucopia" bayan "zama a tsakiyar ɗaki, yana shan ƙwayoyi kawai", An kusa korar Ward. "Na tsani waƙar, akwai wasu tsare-tsare da suka kasance... abin tsoro." Ward ya ce. "Na yi nasara a ƙarshe, amma martanin da na samu shine rashin jin daɗin kafadar kowa. Kamar, 'To, kawai ka koma gida; ba ka da wani amfani a yanzu.' Na ji kamar na busa shi, za a kore ni." {{Sfn|Rosen|1996}} Kamfanin rikodin ya canza taken kundin daga ''Snowblind'' zuwa ''Vol.'' ''4'' a minti na ƙarshe. "Babu Juzu'i na 1, 2 ko 3, don haka taken wauta ne kwarai da gaske," in ji Ward. {{Sfn|Rosen|1996}} ==== ''Sabbath Bloody Sabbath'' (1973) da ''Sabotage'' (1975) ==== Bill Ward ya koma Ingila da Black Sabbath don yin rikodin ''Sabbath Bloody Sabbath'' a watan Satumba na 1973, kuma an sake shi bayan watanni biyu. Ward ya bayyana zane-zanen kundin a matsayin "mai ban sha'awa". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Black Sabbath's Bill Ward: What Makes 'Sabbath Bloody Sabbath' So Special to Me |url=https://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/black_sabbaths_bill_ward_what_makes_sabbath_bloody_sabbath_so_special_to_me.html |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=Ultimate-guitar.com}}</ref> Shekaru biyu bayan fitowar ''Sabbath Bloody Sabbath'', ƙungiyar ta yi rikodin ''Sabotage'' . Zane-zanen kundin sun nuna hoton ƙungiyar mawakan tare da Ward sanye da jajayen leggings. "Ina da wannan tsohon wandon jeans ɗin da ya yi ƙazanta sosai, don haka na aro wandon matata mai tsini"... "Kuma don kada riguna na su bayyana a ƙarƙashin wandon riga, na kuma aro wandon Ozzy, domin ban da shi." ya gaya wa ''Classic Rock'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2025 |title=50 Years Ago: Black Sabbath's 'Sabotage' Cover Goes Very Wrong |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/black-sabbath-sabotage-album-cover/ |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=Ultimateclassicrock.com}}</ref> ==== ''Fasaha Ecstasy'' (1976) da ''Never Say Die!'' (1978) ==== Bill Ward ne ya rubuta kuma ya rera waƙar "It's Alright" a cikin kundin waƙar ''Technical Ecstasy'' . Da farko ya ƙi rera waƙar saboda tsoron ɓata wa Osbourne rai, ƙungiyar mawakan ta ƙarfafa shi ya yi ta. A cikin tarihin rayuwarsa, Osbourne ya yaba da wasan kwaikwayon, yana mai farin ciki, "Yana da murya mai kyau, Bill, kuma na yi matukar farin ciki da ya yi wannan karramawa." An fitar da shi a matsayin waƙa ɗaya saboda, in ji Iommi, "Muna son mu yi iya ƙoƙarinmu... don haka mun yanke shawarar shiga kasuwar waƙoƙin marasa aure." Tun daga lokacin ne Guns N' Roses suka fara gabatar da shi kai tsaye, kuma yana fitowa a cikin kundin waƙoƙinsu na ''Live Era '87–'93'' . Ya kuma fito a fim ɗin ''It's Kind of a Funny Story'' a shekarar 2010. A lokacin bazara na 1977, Ward ya ziyarci Geezer Butler a gidansa don ya sanar da shi cewa an kore shi daga Black Sabbath bayan wani taron mawaka, yana gaya masa cewa Iommi da Osbourne sun yi shakkar sadaukarwarsa. Daga baya Ward ya gayyaci Butler zuwa gwaje-gwajen da za a fara washegari. Lokacin da Butler ya dawo cikin ƙungiyar mawakan, Iommi da Osbourne sun musanta cewa suna da hannu a korarsa, kuma Ward ya yi iƙirarin cewa shi ne kawai manzo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kielty |first=Martin KieltyMartin |date=29 November 2024 |title=Geezer Butler Enjoyed Being Briefly Fired by Black Sabbath |url=https://ultimateclassicrock.com/geezer-butler-briefly-fired-by-black-sabbath/ |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Ultimate Classic Rock |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin rikodin ''Kada Ka Ce Mutu!'' , membobin ƙungiyar suna fama da shan muggan kwayoyi. Kafin fara zaman, mawaki Ozzy Osbourne ya bar ƙungiyar na ɗan lokaci kuma an maye gurbinsa da Dave Walker na ɗan lokaci, wanda aka san shi da aikinsa tare da Savoy Brown da Fleetwood Mac . Daga ƙarshe Osbourne ya dawo, amma ya ƙi rera duk wani abu da aka rubuta a lokacin mulkin Walker. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan waƙoƙin, "Swinging the Chain", Ward ne ya rera ta maimakon haka. Duk da waɗannan ƙalubalen, Ward ya kare kundin bayan shekaru, yana mai nuna cewa ƙungiyar ta yi iya ƙoƙarinta a ƙarƙashin yanayin har ma ta yi gwaji cikin ƙirƙira, musamman a waƙoƙi kamar "Johnny Blade" da "Air Dance". Duk da cewa Ward ya rera waƙoƙi a cikin Swinging the Chain, an yi kuskuren danganta waƙoƙin da Butler ya rubuta lokacin da Ward da kansa ya rubuta su. <ref name="iommiautobiography" /> Jim kaɗan bayan ''Kada Ka Ce Mutu!'' A ''shekarar'' 1979, an ba Ward aikin sanar da Osbourne cewa an kore shi daga ƙungiyar mawakan. A shekarar 2015, Ward ya tuna: {{Blockquote|[...] I'm like the fucking janitor in that band. Most of the time I always got the shit jobs that nobody wanted to do. I don't do that anymore. I recognized I was co-dependent as well as being an alcoholic so I don't do shit like that anymore[...] Oz was like a brother[...] But at the time, I thought maybe I was the best guy to do it. I kind of volunteered to do it: up went my hand and it was one of the worst things I've ever done in my life, to be honest with you. I didn't want him to leave the band but I could understand the reasons why but yeah, that was a tragic day. That was the day the band imploded.<ref name="Marszalek2015"/>}} ==== ''Aljanna da Jahannama'' (1980) da kuma ''Haihuwa Mai Kyau'' (1983) ==== Shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da barasa a lokacin mulkin Bill Ward ya ƙaru a tsawon lokacin da ya yi a Black Sabbath. A ƙarshen shekarun 1970 yana shan giya a lokacin wasannin kwaikwayo, wani abu da bai taɓa yi ba a da. Ya kuma fara fuskantar [[Harin tsoro|hare-haren firgici]] . <ref name="iommiautobiography" /> Ward ya bayyana cewa ba zai iya tuna rikodin kundin wakokin ''Heaven and Hell'' na shekarar 1980 ba saboda shan giya da ya yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2006 |title=Bill Ward: From Jazz to Black Sabbath |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/bill-ward-from-jazz-to-black-sabbath-part-2-2-by-jack-gold-molina |access-date=24 January 2009}}</ref> A cewar Tony Iommi, Ward ya fita a tsakiyar rangadin bayan kiran waya da aka yi wa mawakin Black Sabbath Ronnie James Dio wanda a lokacin ya sanar da shi "Ina nan a lokacin, Ron." An tilasta wa Black Sabbath soke wasan kwaikwayon da suka yi a McNichols Sports Arena da ke [[Denver]], duk da cewa Blue Öyster Cult ta yi wasa kuma ta sami babban kuɗin da aka samu. "Na shiga cikin wani mawuyacin hali har na kasa jure asarar da na yi da kuma magance ta ta hanyar da ta dace..." Ward ya yi bayani. "Na zargi kowa da komai da matsalolina kuma na wargaje... shi ya sa na bar yawon shakatawa ''na Aljanna da Jahannama'' ." An maye gurbin Ward da Vinny Appice bayan ƙungiyar ta rasa ranakun wasa shida. A shekarar 2015 da aka tambaye shi game da barin ƙungiyar, Ward ya amsa: {{Blockquote|[...] I was absolutely missing Oz; really missing him and I wasn't coping with my grief that well because I was so drunk. My mother had died and I wasn't coping with the grief for my mother and I was feeling overwhelmed with loss[...] as much as I loved Ronnie James Dio, it didn't work for me. It didn't jive properly, especially when we were doing old Sabbath stuff. It worked when Ozzy sang it but when anybody else tried to sing old Sabbath stuff then it didn’t work. It's exactly the same when Black Sabbath go out on the road now with other drummers: it doesn't work. I'm not saying that to be rude or anything but it doesn't fucking work; it doesn't sound the same.}} Ward ya kasa yin rikodin ''ƙungiyar Mob Rules'' ta shekarar 1981, inda ya yi wasa na ɗan lokaci a wata ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Max Havoc, <ref name="AllMusic Bill Ward biography" /> kafin ya koma Black Sabbath don yin rikodin ''Born Again'' a shekarar 1983. Ward ya kasance cikin nutsuwa gaba ɗaya a lokacin waɗannan zaman, amma yuwuwar yawon buɗe ido ya tsorata shi kuma ya koma ga tsoffin halaye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Everleypublished |first=Dave |date=30 June 2022 |title=Bill Ward has made a masterpiece and no one wants to release it |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/bill-ward-has-made-a-masterpiece-and-no-one-wants-to-release-it |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Louder |language=en}}</ref> Ward ya sake barin ƙungiyar, kuma Bev Bevan ya maye gurbinsa a ''bikin Born Again Tour'' . {{Blockquote|There had been conversations during the ''Born Again'' sessions about going on tour, and I was barely making it through the sessions, let alone touring. The thought of touring put me in such a state of panic, anxiety and dread that I couldn't possibly face the idea… but I was too ashamed to tell everybody. And rather than tell everybody, I drank and I disappeared. I escaped. That's how I used to do things: when I couldn't handle a situation, I would just drink and just run away… I came back to the United States, got hospitalized a couple of times, ended up back on the streets and, in the early part of January 1984, I went into my final detox. And from that point on I haven't taken a drink. And I haven't used any narcotics.}} <nowiki/>: 61  Ya sake komawa Black Sabbath na ɗan lokaci a shekarar 1984 don yin rikodin wasu shirye-shiryen demo tare da Iommi, Geezer Butler da mawaƙi Dave Donato, amma babu wani abu da ya faru da wannan jerin waƙoƙin. Ward ya ba wa Donato laƙabin "Donut" saboda Donato zai zo ya yi gwaji ya kuma ci donuts. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dave Donato – Black Sabbath Online |url=https://www.black-sabbath.com/theband/donato/ |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=Black-sabbath.com}}</ref> ==== Bayyanar lokaci-lokaci, ''Reunion'' (1998) da Ozzfest ==== [[Fayil:Bill_Ward.jpg|thumb| An yi bikin Black Sabbath a [[Stuttgart]], Jamus a shekarar 1999]] A shekarar 1985, Bill Ward ya shiga cikin membobin Black Sabbath na asali don Live Aid, sannan a shekarar 1992 don wasan kwaikwayo na ritaya na Ozzy Osbourne a Costa Mesa, California . Ward ya dawo cikin ƙungiyar mawakan a wasan South American leg of the ''Cross Purposes Tour'' a shekarar 1994 tare da mawaƙin Tony Martin a gaba. A shekarar 1997, Osbourne, Iommi da Butler sun yi rangadin aiki a matsayin Black Sabbath tare da Mike Bordin wanda ya cika ganguna don ''Ozzfest 1997'' . Ward ya sake haɗuwa lokacin da aka taru a jerin sunayen 'yan wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu a Birmingham wanda ya zama kundin ''Reunion'' . Ward yana da ciwon zuciya, kuma damuwa game da lafiyarsa da iyawarsa ta yin wasa a babban mataki ya sa tsohon mai buga ganga na Black Sabbath Vinny Appice zai kasance a shirye. "Ba mu yi wani wasan kwaikwayo da Bill ba tsawon shekaru 18" in ji Iommi. Ward ya yi nasara a duka wasannin biyu - duk da cewa ba tare da wani abin da ya faru ba: {{Cquote|Bill hit a gong and it fell on him, I creased up. His arm was black and blue in the morning, because those things weigh a ton. When it hit him and fell onto the kit, it sounded like someone was throwing pots and pans around. We were waiting for something like that to happen.|author=Tony Iommi}} An sake tilasta wa Ward ya tsallake dukkan wasannin kwaikwayo guda biyu na ƙarshe a yawon shakatawa ''na Ozzfest na 1998'' yayin da yake murmurewa daga [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] da ya yi a watan Mayu. Yayin da ƙungiyar ke yin atisaye, Ward ya tsaya ya nemi mataimakinsa ya kuma sanar da ƙungiyar cewa hannunsa ya yi sanyi. Sai Iommi da Butler suka tafi na ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kuma bayan sun koma wurin yin atisaye, Osbourne cikin tashin hankali ya sanar da su "Bill ya kamu da ciwon zuciya! Bill ya kamu da ciwon zuciya!" An maye gurbin Ward na ɗan lokaci da Vinny Appice, kuma zai dawo don ''Ozzfest 1999'' . A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2001, Ward, tare da Osbourne, Iommi da Butler, sun taru a [[Wales]] don yin rikodin kusan nunin faifai shida ga furodusa Rick Rubin waɗanda za a yi amfani da su a cikin kundin Black Sabbath. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2013 |title=Black Sabbath makes its own luck with '13' |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/la-xpm-2013-jun-15-la-et-ms-black-sabbath-13-20130615-story.html |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill to record with Black Sabbath - The Official Bill Ward Site |url=https://www.billward.com/2001/03/bill-to-record-with-black-sabbath/ |access-date=3 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Everleypublished |first=Dave |date=13 May 2016 |title=Black Sabbath – the final interview |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/black-sabbath-the-final-interview |access-date=6 May 2026 |website=Loudersound.com}}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da aka rubuta a wannan lokacin mai suna ''Scary Dreams'' ƙungiyar ta rera a rangadin ''Ozzfest 2001'' . An yi watsi da shirye-shiryen lokacin da aka kira Osbourne don yin aiki a kan kundin wakokinsa na gaba mai suna ''Down to Earth'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=rockerinfo |date=12 September 2009 |title=Black Sabbath History |url=https://rockerinfo.wordpress.com/2009/09/12/black-sabbath-history/ |access-date=3 December 2025 |website=The Legend Of Rock |language=en}}</ref> Ward ya ƙi shiga rangadin ''Ozzfest na 2004'', yana mai cewa ya sami wata shawara da ba ta da "damar yin shawarwari". An sake maye gurbinsa da Mike Bordin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill’s Statement on Ozzfest 2004 - The Official Bill Ward Site |url=https://www.billward.com/2004/05/bills-statement-on-ozzfest-2004/ |access-date=3 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> Yawon shakatawa ''na Ozzfest'' na ƙarshe na Black Sabbath zai kasance a shekarar 2005 tare da Ward a kan ganguna. ==== Shekarun ƙarshe tare da Baƙar Sabbath ==== A watan Oktoban 2006, labari ya bazu cewa Bill Ward zai sake haɗuwa da Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler da Ronnie James Dio a ƙarƙashin lakabin " Heaven &amp;amp; Hell ". Duk da haka, Ward daga baya ya yanke shawarar kin shiga saboda bambancin waka da "wasu 'yan ƙungiyar mawaka biyu" da kuma rahoton damuwa game da dogon rangadin. Aljanna da Jahannama sun ci gaba da yin amfani da Vinny Appice a kan ganguna. A ranar 11 ga Nuwamba, 2011, Ward ya haɗu da Ozzy Osbourne, Iommi, Butler, da Rick Rubin don sanar da sabon kundin waƙoƙi da yawon shakatawa a matsayin jerin waƙoƙin Black Sabbath na asali. Duk da haka Ward ya bar aikin a watan Fabrairun 2012, yana mai cewa ya kasa cimma yarjejeniya game da kwangilarsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Ward Says He May Be Forced To Sit Out Black Sabbath Reunion - Blabbermouth.net |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=169141 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205002336/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=169141 |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Blabbermouth.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadrunner Records - home of The Amity Affliction, The Devil Wears Prada, Slipknot, KING 810 and all the best in rock, hard rock, and metal - Roadrunner Records |url=http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Roadrunner Records}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2012 |title=Black Sabbath: 'We Have No Choice But To Continue Recording Without Bill Ward' |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=169201 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Blabbermouth.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2013 |title=Black Sabbath: New Album Title Announced; Recording Drummer Revealed |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=184790 |access-date=10 January 2015 |website=Blabbermouth.net}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, Osbourne ya yi amfani da [[Fezbuk|shafin Facebook]] ya mayar wa Ward martani a wata buɗaɗɗiyar wasiƙa, yana mai cewa shawarar Ward ta ta'allaka ne da lafiyarsa. <ref name="ozzy1">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2015 |title=Ozzy Osbourne - I never wanted to discuss this in a public... |url=https://www.facebook.com/ozzyosbourne/posts/10153319761462318 |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408060324/https://www.facebook.com/ozzyosbourne/posts/10153319761462318 |archive-date=8 April 2016 |access-date=24 January 2016 |website=Facebook.com |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Brad Wilk, mai buga ganga na Rage Against the Machine da kuma mai buga ganga na Audioslave, ya maye gurbin Ward don kundin wakokin Black Sabbath na ƙarshe ''mai suna 13'', inda Tommy Clufetos zai ɗauki nauyin rangadin yawon buɗe ido. Daga baya Ward ya yarda cewa lafiyarsa za ta zama matsala. A watan Mayun 2015, Ward ya haɗu da Tony Iommi da Geezer Butler a matsayin Black Sabbath don karɓar kyautar Ivor Novella Lifetime Achievement, kuma a sake a Los Angeles a watan Mayun 2019 don karɓar Grammy Lifetime Achievement . Duk da cewa Black Sabbath bai yi wasa a wasan na ƙarshe ba, Rival Sons ya rufe wani wasa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2019 |title=Black Sabbath reunite with Bill Ward at Grammy event {{!}} Louder |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/black-sabbath-reunite-with-bill-ward-at-grammy-event |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=loudersound.com}}</ref> A cikin Yuni 2019, Osbourne ya gaya wa ''Kerrang!'' cewa yana sha'awar sake yin wasa da Ward wata rana, yana cewa: === Aiki na kaɗaici === Bayan wasu shekaru na dakatarwa, Bill Ward ya yanke shawarar komawa ga kunna kiɗa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980. A shekarar 1989 ya fara aiki a wani kundin waƙoƙin solo, wanda ya ƙunshi mawaƙa da yawa, ciki har da tsohon abokin ƙungiyar mawakan Black Sabbath Ozzy Osbourne da kuma ɗan wasan guitar ɗinsa, Zakk Wylde . An fitar da shi a watan Janairun 1990, Ward One: Along the Way ya nuna yadda Ward yake da ƙwarewa a fannin waƙoƙi da kuma iyawarsa; ya rera waƙa a kan wasu waƙoƙin. Zai ɗauki shekaru bakwai kafin ya fitar da kundin waƙoƙinsa na biyu, When the Bough Breaks, a shekarar 1997. A shekara ta 2002 ya fitar da wakar ''Straws'' a matsayin wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "single for sadaka". Waƙar za ta sake fitowa a kundin waƙoƙinsa na 2015 mai suna ''Accountable Beasts'' . Tiyatar da aka yi wa Ward a kafadarsa ta hana shi sake buga ganguna har zuwa watan Mayu na 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2014 |title=Bill Ward Interview Preview – Black Sabbath Online |url=http://www.black-sabbath.com/2014/05/bill-ward-interview-preview/ |access-date=18 May 2014 |website=Black-sabbath.com}}</ref> ta jinkirta kundin wakokinsa na uku mai suna ''Accountable Beasts'' . <ref name="thirdalbum">{{Cite web |last=Fanelli |first=Damian |date=19 August 2013 |title=Estranged Black Sabbath Drummer Bill Ward Announces New Solo Album, 'Accountable Beasts' |url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/estranged-black-sabbath-drummer-bill-ward-announces-new-solo-album-accountable-beasts.html |access-date=13 September 2013 |website=Revolver}}</ref> Ya kuma nuna sha'awar yin rangadin bayan kundin. <ref name="grooveyinterview">{{Cite web |title=Bill Ward is Experiencing an 'Absence of Corners': The Exclusive Interview |url=http://groovey.tv/bill-ward-absence-of-corners/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922110502/http://groovey.tv/bill-ward-absence-of-corners/ |archive-date=22 September 2013 |access-date=13 September 2013 |website=Groovey}}</ref> === Sauran ayyuka === A shekara ta 2000, Bill Ward ya fito a matsayin bako a cikin kundin wakokin Tony Iommi tare da Ozzy Osbourne a kan waƙar ''Who's Fooling Who'' . Tun daga tsakiyar shekarar 2002, Ward ya yi wani shirin rediyo na wata-wata wanda ake yi ta intanet kawai mai suna ''Rock 50'' a tashar rediyo ta WPMD daga Kwalejin Cerritos da ke California. Ward yana buga nau'ikan ƙarfe iri-iri, duwatsu masu tauri, da kuma wasu duwatsu na gargajiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Ward—Rock 50 |url=https://www.billward.com/rock-50/ |access-date=7 November 2009 |website=Billward.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Ward ta fara sabuwar ƙungiyar mawaƙa mai suna Day of Errors, wadda ta fara yin wasanta na farko a watan Yunin wannan shekarar a Gaslamp da ke Long Beach, California. Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi Joe Amodea a cikin waƙoƙin guitar/rera waƙa da kuma mawakin Kill Devil Hill Jason "Dewey" Bragg a cikin waƙoƙi. An shirya Ward zai yi wasa da jerin wasanninsa na Ranar Kurakurai a watan Disamba na 2017, amma dole ne ya soke lokacin da aka kwantar da shi a asibiti saboda matsalolin zuciya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Polcaro |first=Rafael |date=20 November 2017 |title=Original Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward is hospitalized due heart problems |url=https://rockandrollgarage.com/original-black-sabbath-drummer-bill-ward-is-hospitalized-due-heart-problems/ |access-date=13 May 2020 |website=Rockandrollgarage.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Bill Ward ya yi aure sau huɗu. Yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu da 'ya mace ɗaya. <ref name="officialbio" /> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2010, Ward ya nuna rashin jin daɗinsa ga addini, yana mai cewa ya girma ne a cikin iyali "masu bautar gumaka" kuma [[Mulhidanci|bai yi imani da "allahn wuta da kibiritu" ba]] . Duk da haka, yana jin daɗin rera waƙa a cikin mawakan cocin Lahadi tun yana ƙarami. <ref>{{Cite web |last=BANGERTV - All Metal |date=25 August 2016 |title=BLACK SABBATH drummer Bill Ward interviewed in 2010 about the band's Satanic image {{!}} Raw & Uncut |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=shHiUoqQbCQ |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=YouTube}}</ref> === Barkwanci === Tony Iommi ya yi iƙirarin cewa Bill Ward ya kusa mutuwa bayan wani abin dariya da ya faru a lokacin rikodin Vol. 4 a shekarar 1972. [1] Mawakan suna hayar wani katafaren gida na Bel Air mallakar John DuPont na kamfanin sinadarai na DuPont . Ƙungiyar mawakan ta sami wasu kwalaben fenti na zinare na DuPont a cikin wani ɗaki na gidan; ganin Ward tsirara kuma ya suma bayan dare yana shan giya mai yawa, sun yi tunanin zai zama abin dariya a rufe mai buga ganga daga kai zuwa ƙafa da fenti na zinare. [1] Ba da daɗewa ba Ward ya fara rashin lafiya mai tsanani kuma ya kamu da farfadiya kuma dole ne a kira motar asibiti. Fentin ya toshe dukkan ramukan Ward, wanda daga baya aka sanar da abokan aikinsa cewa zai iya zama sanadin mutuwa. [[Fayil:Bill_Ward_(1973)_(cropped).JPG|thumb| Ward tare da Black Sabbath a 1973]] A cewar Iommi, shi da ƙungiyar mawakan sukan ƙona gemun Ward da wuta. A wani lokaci, Ward ma ya sami ƙonewa na mataki na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tony Iommi Burning Bill |url=http://www.vh1classic.com/view/playlist/1531985/87116/Heavy_The_Story_of_Metal_Heavy_Rants/Tony_Iommi_Burning_Bill/index.jhtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603221615/http://www.vh1classic.com/view/playlist/1531985/87116/Heavy_The_Story_of_Metal_Heavy_Rants/Tony_Iommi_Burning_Bill/index.jhtml |archive-date=3 June 2008 |access-date=24 October 2009 |publisher=[[VH1 Classic]]}}</ref> A wata hira da ''Guitar World'', Iommi ta bayyana hakan kamar haka: [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== sk7zfemnj66eob4luke9dul79icymp7 0 166005 915587 913993 2026-09-03T16:09:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andre Michael Ward''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 1984) tsohon ɗan damben Amurka ne wanda ya fafata daga shekarar 2004 zuwa 2017. Ya yi ritaya da tarihin da ba a doke shi ba kuma ya riƙe gasar zakarun duniya da dama a azuzuwan nauyi guda biyu, ciki har da gasar matsakaicin nauyi tsakanin shekarar 2009 da 2015, da kuma gasar nauyi mai sauƙi tsakanin 2016 da 2017. A lokacin mulkinsa a matsayin zakaran ƙwallon nauyi mai sauƙi, mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwGQ">The Ring</i></nowiki> ta sanya Ward a matsayin mafi kyawun ɗan damben fam a duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2017 |title=Andre Ward retires: Boxing pound-for-pound world No.1 ends career undefeated, as LHW champion |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/boxing/andre-ward-retires-boxing-poundforpound-world-no1-ends-career-undefeated-as-lhw-qchampion/news-story/f61edc673187c0ceb3629d9be94d142b |access-date=6 May 2025 |website=Fox Sports |language=en |agency=The Associated Press}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, an ba shi suna Fighter of the Decade ta hanyar ''Sports Illustrated'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2020 |title=Former Unified WBO Light Heavyweight Champion Andre Ward named Sports Illustrated's Fighter of the Decade |url=https://wboboxing.com/boxing-news/former-unified-wbo-light-heavyweight-champion-andre-ward-named-sports-illustrateds-fighter-of-the-decade/ |access-date=December 28, 2025 |website=WBO |language=en-US}}</ref> A shekarar 2024, ESPN ta sanya shi a matsayin ɗan dambe na 7 mafi girma a ƙarni na 21. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parkinson |first=Nick |date=2024-07-25 |title=Ranking the top 10 men's boxers of the 21st century |url=https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/40588404/boxing-ranking-top-10-men-boxers-2000 |access-date=2024-08-03 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na ɗan dambe mai son shiga, Ward ya lashe lambar zinare mai nauyi mai sauƙi a gasar Olympics ta 2004 kuma ya zama ƙwararren ɗan wasa daga baya a wannan shekarar. Ya shahara a duniya bayan ya shiga gasar Super Six World Boxing Classic a shekarar 2009, inda ya lashe kambun Super Middleweight na Ƙungiyar Damben Duniya (WBA) ( Super version ) daga Mikkel Kessler a matakin farko na rukuni. A shekarar 2011, Ward ta kayar da zakaran World Boxing Council (WBC) Carl Froch a wasan karshe na gasar don hada taken gasar, da kuma lashe taken mujallar ''Ring'' da babu kowa a ciki. A wannan shekarar, an naɗa Ward a matsayin gwarzon ɗan dambe na shekara ta ƙungiyar ''The Ring'' da kuma ƙungiyar marubutan dambe ta Amurka . A shekarar 2016, bayan dogon lokaci na wasan in-ring, Ward ya koma matsayin mai nauyi mai sauƙi kuma ya lashe kambun WBA ( Undisputed version ), International Boxing Federation (IBF) da World Boxing Organization (WBO) daga Sergey Kovalev wanda ba a doke shi ba a lokacin. Wannan ya ba wa Ward kyautar Comeback of the Year daga ''The Ring'' . Ya yi nasarar kare kambunsa a wasan da ya sake fafatawa da Kovalev shekara guda bayan haka, bayan haka ya yi ritaya daga dambe. An shigar da Ward cikin Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Dambe na Duniya a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ajin 2021, shekararsa ta farko da ya cancanta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Class of 2021 Announced in Canastota! |url=http://www.ibhof.com/pages/inductionweekend/2021/21_announce.html |access-date=2020-12-26 |publisher=IBHOF}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Andre a San Francisco, California, ɗan Frank Ward, ɗan ƙasar Ireland, da kuma Madeline Arvie Taylor, [[Afirkawan Amurka|ɗan Afirka]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andre Ward Remembers the Father Who Inspired His Boxing Career |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvl0glMJ0h0 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101150835/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvl0glMJ0h0&feature=youtube_gdata_player |archive-date=2014-11-01 |access-date=2014-01-09 |publisher=HBO }}</ref> Aikin Andre ya fara ne lokacin da mahaifinsa ya kai shi Makarantar Fasaha ta Karate ta Amurka, <ref name="Andscape">{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2016 |title=Andre Ward Fights to avoid a boxer's bad ending |url=https://andscape.com/features/andre-ward-fights-to-avoid-a-boxers-bad-ending/ |access-date=2020-02-16 |publisher=[[Andscape]]}}</ref> wani gidan motsa jiki na dambe a Hayward, California, lokacin yana ɗan shekara tara. Duk da cewa mahaifiyarsa ba ta cika kasancewa a wurin ba, tana fama da jarabar shan hodar iblis a titunan San Francisco, Ward yana zaune tare da mahaifinsa, tsohon ɗan damben da ba shi da sha'awa. <ref name="Andscape" /> Ya yi fama da jarabar heroin kuma wani lokaci bayan yana ɗan shekara 12, uban gidansa kuma mai horar da shi Virgil Hunter ya zama mai kula da shi na wucin gadi. <ref name="Andscape" /> Ward ya sha kashi a fafatawarsa ta farko ta masu son shiga amma bai sake shan kashi ba, ko na son shiga ko na ƙwararre, bayan 1998. <ref name="Andscape" /> Ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hayward . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Andre Ward - Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame |url=https://bashof.org/inductee/andre-ward/ |access-date=February 1, 2026 |website=Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame}}</ref> == Aikin mai son sha'awa == Ward ya fara wasan dambe a shekarar 1994. A shekarar 2002, ya lashe gasar zakarun ƙasa ta ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 19 (Under-19 National Championship). Haka kuma, ya kasance zakaran ƙasar Amurka na sau biyu a ajin matsakaicin nauyi (middleweight), inda ya lashe gasar a shekarun 2001 da 2003. Ward ya kammala aikinsa na dambe na mai son (amateur) da tarihin fafatawa na nasara 115 da rashin nasara 5. === Manyan abubuwan da suka fi burgewa === * Zakaran matsakaicin nauyi na Amurka na 2001 * Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta 'Yan Ƙasa da Shekaru 19 ta 2002 * Zakaran Ƙwallon Ƙarfin Nauyin ... * Ta lashe lambar zinare ta Light Heavyweight ga Amurka a gasar Olympics ta 2004 da aka yi a Athens, Girka ta zama ɗan damben Amurka na farko da ya lashe zinare cikin shekaru 8. ==== Sakamako ==== * Zagaye na 1 – Matsayi na Biyu a Gasar Cin Kofin Olympics ta AIBA ta Amurka ta 2004 ta 1 * Zagaye na 2 – An doke Clemente Russo (Italiya) 17–9 * Wasan Kwata-Kwata – An doke Evgeny Makarenko (Rasha) 23–16 * Wasannin kusa da na karshe – An ci Utkirbek Haydarov (Uzbekistan) 17–15 * Wasan Lamban Zinare – An doke Magomed Aripgadjiev (Belarus) 20–13 == Sana'ar ƙwararru == === Matsakaicin nauyi mai nauyi sosai === ==== Shekarun farko ==== Ward ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ƙwararre a ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, a shekarar 2004, ta hanyar zura kwallaye a zagaye na biyu [[Kisa (dambe)|na TKO]] akan Chris Molina. A ranar 5 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekara ta 2005, Ward ya yi faɗa a karo na biyu na ƙwararrensa da Kenny Kost. Ward ya yi nasara a zagaye na biyu mai cike da rudani, inda ya ji rauni sakamakon ƙugiya ta hagu, don ya yi nasara bisa ga shawarar da aka yanke. Ward ya kayar da Roy Ashworth a ranar 7 ga watan Afrilu, a shekara ta 2005, ta hanyar rashin cancanta. Ward ya yi nasara a fafatawa uku da ya yi a gaba, duk ta hanyar bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, kafin ya fafata da Darnell Boone a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 2005. An doke Ward a karon farko a tarihin rayuwarsa a zagaye na hudu. Duk da bugun da aka yi masa, Ward ya ci gaba da nasara bisa ga shawarar da aka yanke masa. Bayan fafatawar da Boone, Ward ya ci gaba da cin nasara a fafatawa shida da ya yi, ciki har da nasarorin TKO akan Andy Kolle wanda ba a ci shi ba (wannan fafatawar ita ce ta ƙarshe cikin biyar da Ward ya fafata a cikin matsakaicin nauyin kilo 160) da Francisco Diaz. A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 2007, Ward ta doke Roger Cantrell wanda ba a doke shi ba ta hanyar TKO a zagaye na biyar a [[Saint Lucia]] . A wannan lokacin, tarihin Ward ya kasance nasara 14, babu rashin nasara. Ya shirya tsaf don fuskantar babban ƙalubalensa da babban ɗan damben Amurka Allan Green (25–1, 18 KOs), inda aka shirya fafatawar za ta gudana a ranar 2 ga watan Fabrairu, a shekarar 2008, a HBO . An dakatar da fafatawar ne saboda Green yana da alhakin fafatawa da Rubin Williams a ranar 4 ga Janairu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2007 |title=Andre Ward vs. Allan Green Unlikely For 2/2 – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/andre-ward-vs-allan-green-unlikely-2-2--11543 |access-date=2017-07-05 |website=www.boxingscene.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Green ya yi nasara a fafatawar, kuma ya yi fatan fafatawa da Ward daga baya a shekarar. Daga ƙarshe ya sami damarsa bayan shekaru biyu, inda ya rasa shawarar da aka yanke masa. A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, a shekarar 2008, a HP Pavilion da ke San Jose, California, Ward ta kayar da Rubin Williams da TKO a zagaye na bakwai. Ward ya bugi Williams da cizo da kuma hannun hagu madaidaiciya kamar yadda ya ga dama, wanda hakan ya bude mummunan rauni a idon Williams na hagu a lokacin wasan. Ragewar za ta tilasta wa alkalin wasa dakatar da faɗan. Ward ya fafata da Jerson Ravelo a ranar 20 ga Yuni, 2008, a Georgetown, Tsibirin Cayman, don lashe kambun matsakaicin nauyi na yankin NABO . Ward ya mamaye Ravelo a mafi yawan fafatawar da ake yi a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa ga nasarar TKO a zagaye na takwas. A ranar 16 ga watan Mayu,a shekarar 2009, a filin wasa na Oracle Arena da ke Oakland, California, Ward ya kayar da tsohon ɗan wasan gaba Edison Miranda bisa ga shawarar da aka yanke. Sakamakon ya kasance 116–112, 119–109, da kuma 119–109 ga Ward. Ward ya nuna cewa yana da wasan ciki da kuma na waje. Miranda ba ta iya jure wa salon da Ward yake amfani da shi a duk lokacin da take wasa ba. Miranda ta ce game da Ward a bayan fafatawar, "Na yi tunanin zai fi sauƙi, amma ya fi wahala fiye da yadda aka zata. Ban ji an yaudare ni ba. Andre shine zakaran. Ina girmama shi." Ward, wanda ya fafata da babban sunansa har zuwa yanzu, ya ce, "Wannan wani irin nasara ce mai ɗaci. Ina farin ciki da farin ciki domin magoya baya sun yi nishaɗi, kuma akwai mutane da yawa a nan, amma ban gamsu da aikina ba kwata-kwata. Dole ne in je in kalli faifan. Na yi wasu abubuwa da kyau, amma na ji da na iya inganta a wasu fannoni." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-05-17 |title=Ward wins unanimous decision over Miranda |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=4172256 |access-date=2017-02-07 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, a shekarar 2009, a Pechanga Resort and Casino da ke Temecula, California, Ward ya kayar da Shelby Pudwill da TKO a zagaye na 3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2009 |title=Andre Ward vs Shelby Pudwill on September 12 – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/andre-ward-vs-shelby-pudwill-on-september-12--21348 |access-date=2017-02-07 |website=www.boxingscene.com |language=en-us}}</ref> ==== Damben Super Six na Duniya na Classic ==== ===== Ward vs. Kessler ===== Yaƙin Ward na farko a gasar ya faru ne a garinsu Oakland, California, inda ya fafata da mujallar Ring Magazine mai lamba 1 kuma wanda aka fi so a gasar tare Mikkel Kessler (42–1, 32 KO) a ranar 21 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekarar 2009. Gasar WBA ta Kessler super-middleweight ita ma ta kasance cikin haɗari. Ward ya doke Kessler ta hanyar yanke shawara ta fasaha a zagaye na 11 don lashe kambunsa na farko a duniya. Kessler shine wanda aka fi so a gasar Super Six ta Showtime. A cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, Ward, wacce aka fi so a garinsu, ta sanya Amurka a cikin jerin 'yan wasan Super Six kuma ta lashe kambun WBA super middleweight da rinjayen maki 11 a kan Kessler na Denmark a fafatawarsu ta rukuni na 1. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gonzalez |first=Edgar |date=2009-11-29 |title=Ward defeats Kessler |url=http://www.myboxingfans.com/2009/11/ward-defeats-kessler/ |url-status=dead |journal=MyBoxingFans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212031705/http://www.myboxingfans.com/2009/11/ward-defeats-kessler/ |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=2011-04-26}}</ref> An dakatar da fafatawar a zagaye na 11 saboda raunukan da Kessler ya samu a fuskarsa sakamakon abin da Ward ya yi masa na ƙwanƙwasa kai da ba da gangan ba. Faɗan ya kai ga maki kuma Ward ya yi gaba sosai da maki 98–92, 98–92, da 97–93 a lokacin da aka dakatar da wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-11-23 |title=Ward emerges as man to beat in Super Six |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/columns/story?id=4680599&columnist=rafael_dan |access-date=2017-02-07 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> ===== Ward vs. Kore ===== A watan Janairun shekarar 2010, Jermain Taylor ya sanar da ficewarsa daga gasar Super Six World Boxing Classic ta Showtime. <nowiki><i id="mw2Q">An</i></nowiki> zaɓi Allan Green (25–1, 18 KOs) a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kuma ya ƙalubalanci Andre Ward a ranar 19 ga Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-15 |title=Ailing Ward postpones title defense vs. Green |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=4997508 |access-date=2017-07-05 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Ward, wanda ke kare kambun WBA super middleweight, ya zarce abokin hamayyarsa wanda ya shafe mafi yawan lokacin fafatawar da baya da igiyoyi. Ward ya kayar da Green ta hanyar yanke hukunci baki ɗaya a ranar 19 ga watan Yuni, 2010. Duk da cewa ɗan wasan mai shekaru 30 ya ci gaba da fafatawa, bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da yake buƙatar lashewa bai yi kama da wanda ya gaza ba, kuma ya yi kama da wanda ya gaza a ƙarshe yayin da ya sake shan kaye a karo na biyu a aikinsa na ƙwararru na faɗa 31. A duk tsawon fafatawar, Ward ya fitar da Green da kusan naushi 200. Duk alkalai uku sun ci wa Ward maki 120-108, wanda ya ce bayan fafatawar da ya yi da nasara, "Wannan yana da ma'ana sosai a gare ni. Ban iya shiga cikin tsaron farko ba da tunani sosai. Yanzu da ya ƙare, ina farin ciki da na sami damar kare wannan bel ɗin sau ɗaya. Ina jin kamar zakara na gaske yanzu." Ward ya ce abin da kawai ya yi nadama shi ne bai iya dakatar da Green ba, wanda ya zo ya tsira. Ward ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-20 |title=Ward keeps WBA crown, gains Super Six semis |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=5306920 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> An cire Ward daga fafatawar farko ta Super Six saboda ya riga ya sami matsayi na ɗaya a zagayen kawar da 'yan wasa kuma abokin hamayyarsa ( Andre Dirrell ) ya fice daga gasar. Mai horar da Dirrell kuma kawunsa Leon Lawson Jr., ya shaida wa ESPN cewa Dirrell yana da matsalolin jijiyoyi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-07 |title=Dirrell out of Super Six as career in jeopardy |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=5659177 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> Madadin haka, Ward ya yi nasarar kare kambunsa na WBA super middleweight, inda ya zarce wani babban ɗan wasan tsakiya 10 mafiya hazaka, Sakio Bika (28–4–2), a gaban jama'a kaɗan a Oracle Arena a daren Asabar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2010 |title=Ward vs Bika 'Basically Done' – Not Part of The Super Six – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/ward-vs-bika-basically-done-not-part-super-six--31817 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=www.boxingscene.com |language=en-us}}</ref> A lokacin da yake fafatawa a gaban jama'ar garinsu a wani taron da aka yi a wurare biyu, Ward bai buga manyan ƙwallo da yawa ba, amma ya yi ta dukan Bika da wani irin bugun hagu mai zafi wanda ɗan wasan bai iya ramawa ba. Ward ya lashe dukkan zagaye 12 a kan katin maki ɗaya na alkalai kuma yana kan gaba da maki 118–110 a sauran biyun. Bika ya buga naushi 201 daga cikin 612 da ya buga (33%), amma Ward ya fi yin daidai da bugun da ya yi, inda ya buga 235 daga cikin 398 (59%). Daga baya Ward ya yarda cewa shine mafi wahalar da ya fuskanta zuwa yanzu, tun lokacin da ya zama ƙwararre. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rafael |first=Dan |date=2010-11-28 |title=Andre Ward defeats Sakio Bika |url=http://www.myboxingfans.com/2009/11/ward-defeats-kessler/ |url-status=dead |journal=ESPN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212031705/http://www.myboxingfans.com/2009/11/ward-defeats-kessler/ |archive-date=December 12, 2011 |access-date=2011-04-26}}</ref> ===== Ward vs Ibrahim ===== Abokin hamayyar Ward a matakin kusa da na ƙarshe shine Arthur Abraham na ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasa 10 da aka sanya a matsayi na super middleweight (32–2, 26 KOs). Fadan ya faru ne a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2011, a Cibiyar Tsaron Gida da ke Carson, California . Abraham ya shiga wasan ne bayan ya sha kashi a wasanni biyu daga cikin ukun da ya yi a baya. Ward ya fara wasa a hankali da Abraham, yana ƙoƙarin nemo hanyar da zai iya shiga cikin tsaronsa mai ƙarfi. Bayan zagaye na farko na gasa, Ward ya kwace iko da faɗan, ta amfani da basirarsa ta zobe da kuma tunaninsa don sarrafa Abraham. Duk da cewa Abraham yana da ɗan son kai a wasu lokutan, ya yi ƙoƙari sosai kuma sau da yawa yana jefa abubuwa da Ward ya hana. Abraham ya ji wa Ward rauni sau biyu a zagayen ƙarshe, amma bai isa ya gama da Ward ba, wanda ya mamaye faɗan kuma ya yi nasara a kan wani hukunci da aka yanke masa. Alkalan uku sun samu maki 120–108, 118–110, da kuma 118–111. ESPN ta samu maki 118–110 a kan Ward. Abraham bai yarda cewa ya sha kashi a fafatawar da yawan maki ba. Fiye da zagaye 12, Ward ya jefa jabs 289. Jimillar duka ya samu naushi 178 daga cikin jimillar naushi 444 da aka jefa (40%). A cikin hirarrakin bayan faɗan, Abraham ya ce ta hanyar mai fassara, "Na fara da kyau, kuma na yi tunanin na yi kyau a zagaye uku na farko. Bai buge ni ba, kuma ina toshe bugunsa da yawa. Amma sai na yi ƙoƙarin yin bugun daga kai sai na gagara. Na yi ta matsewa, kuma na ji tsoro sosai." Dole ne Ward ya gyara tsarin wasansa domin bai iya faɗa a ciki ba. Ya ce, "Za mu je wasan ƙarshe, jariri. Arthur yana da ƙarfi, kuma shi mai bugun ƙwallo ne mai ƙarfi, [amma] mun nuna cewa za mu iya cin nasara ta wata hanya daban da tsarin wasanmu na asali [...] "Ina fata alkalin wasa ya bar ni in yi faɗa a ciki, domin abin da na shirya kenan. Amma mun yi gyare-gyare kuma muka sami nasara." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-15 |title=Ward dominates Abraham to reach Super 6 final |url=http://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=6551199 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> ===== Ward vs. Froch ===== Da ci gaba zuwa wasan ƙarshe na Super Six, Ward ya fafata da zakaran WBC super middleweight Carl Froch (28–1, 20 KOs) a gaban 5,626 a Boardwalk Hall a ranar 17 ga Disamba, 2011. Mujallar Ring ta ba Ward da Froch maki na 1 da na 2 bi da bi, kuma babu wanda ya lashe gasar super middleweight ta mujallar <nowiki><i id="mwASA">Ring</i></nowiki>, haka kuma akwai gasar super middleweight ta Froch da Ward. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2011 |title=Froch advances to No 2 super-middleweight |url=http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/167635-ring-ratings-update-froch-advances-to-no-2-super-middleweight |access-date=2011-07-08 |website=Ring TV |publisher=ringtv.craveonline.com |archive-date=2014-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140607004927/http://ringtv.craveonline.com/news/167635-ring-ratings-update-froch-advances-to-no-2-super-middleweight |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ward ya lashe gasar Super Six World Boxing Classic ta hanyar yanke hukunci mai cike da cece-kuce. A zagaye bakwai na farko, Ward ya yi wa Froch fintinkau, inda ya yi nasarar amfani da dabarar sa don ya kawar da Froch sannan ya doke Froch har zuwa bugun daga nesa da kuma kusa. A zagayen da suka biyo baya, Ward ya yi kama da ya cire ƙafarsa daga haƙoransa, wanda ya bar Froch ya lashe zagaye biyu kusa da ƙarshen faɗan, duk da cewa zagayen zagaye ne masu kyau kuma masu gasa. Daga baya wani bincike na MRI ya nuna cewa Ward ya ji rauni a hannunsa na hagu wanda ya dogara da shi don ya yi amfani da ƙugiya a kan Froch. Hannun ya karye a wurare biyu. Ward ya lura da matsanancin ciwo a zagaye na shida na fafatawar da kuma mako guda da ya gabata, duk da cewa hoton X-ray na farko ya bayyana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 23, 2011 |title=Ward had broken hand in victory over Froch |url=https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/7384318/andre-ward-had-broken-hand-win-carl-froch}}</ref> Katunan sakamakon alkalan sun kasance 115–113, 115–113, da kuma 118–110 duk sun goyi bayan Ward. Kididdigar CompuBox ta nuna cewa Ward ya yi naushi 243 daga cikin 573 da aka jefa (42%), yayin da Froch ya yi naushi 156 daga cikin 683 (23%). Bayan fafatawar, Ward ya yi jawabin nasara, "Ba zan iya yarda da shi ba, ba zan iya yarda da shi ba -- ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ba mu taɓa tunanin za mu yi nasara ba, amma yanzu da ya faru, abin mamaki ne. Mun gaya muku wannan shine abin da muke son yi. Muna son yin faɗa a ciki da waje, kuma mun yi nasara a daren yau. Mun sami damar doke shi da ƙarfi, kuma shi ne abin da ya sa muka yi nasara a fafatawar." Froch ya kuma yaba wa Ward wajen lashe gasar, "Abin alfahari ne ga Andre Ward. Yana da kwarewa sosai a fannin tsaron gida. Na sha kashi a fafatawar, gaskiya da adalci. Ya yi masa wahala sosai. Sunan wasan shine kada a buge shi, kuma ya yi hakan da kyau." Ward ya lashe gasar ''Ring'' da babu kowa a ciki bayan nasarar da ya samu a kan Froch a wasan Super Six World Boxing Classic, duk da cewa wasu majiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun ba da lambar yabo ga zakaran IBF Lucian Bute, wanda a lokacin bai sha kaye ba a matsayi na daya ko biyu a lokacin. Faɗan ya kai kololuwar masu kallo 580,000 a Showtime. Kwamitin Gwamnonin Gasar Damben Duniya ya kaɗa ƙuri'ar amincewa da naɗa Ward a matsayin "Champion in Recess" saboda karyewar hannun Ward da ya samu a lokacin gasar Super Six. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2012 |title=Dirrell-Sjekloca For WBC Title, Ward is Champion in Recess – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/dirrell-sjekloca-wbc-title-ward-champion-recess--52210 |access-date=2014-07-04 |publisher=Boxingscene.com}}</ref> ==== Ward vs Dawson ==== An sanar da fafatawar Ward ta gaba a ranar 22 ga watan Yuni,a shekarar 2012, a Oracle Arena da ke Oakland, California a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2012, da zakaran WBC da kuma zakaran ''The Ring'' mai nauyin nauyi Chad Dawson . <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2012 |title=Chad Dawson Calls Out Andre Ward; "S.O.G." Responds – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/chad-dawson-calls-out-andre-ward-sog-responds--52310 |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=www.boxingscene.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Faɗan, wanda aka yi wa lakabi da "Ward vs. Dawson - Zakarun Duniya - Made In America <nowiki>"</nowiki> ya faru ne a minti na 168.&nbsp;lbs don manyan zakarun matsakaicin nauyi na Ward. Dawson ya samu babbar nasara ne a kan Bernard Hopkins, wanda zai yi nasara a gasar Hall of Fame a watan Afrilu. A taron manema labarai, ya ce burinsa ne ya rage kiba ya kalubalanci Ward maimakon ya fafata da abokan hamayyarsa da ba a san su sosai ba a gasar nauyi mai nauyi. Dawson ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai matsakaicin nauyi, amma bai yi faɗa a kan nauyin ba tun watan Fabrairun 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2012 |title=Andre Ward vs Chad Dawson at Oracle: 'Made In America' – Boxing News |url=http://www.boxingscene.com/andre-ward-vs-chad-dawson-oracle-made-america--54221 |access-date=2017-09-22 |website=www.boxingscene.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Faɗan ya ƙare a zagaye na goma da nasarar knockout ga Ward lokacin da Dawson ya nemi alkalin wasa ya kawo ƙarshen faɗan da kalmomin: "Ya ƙare. Na gama. Na gama." A zagaye biyu na farko, Ward da Dawson sun ji daɗin junansu, babu ɗayan mayaƙin da ya sami nasara sosai, kodayake Dawson ya sami damar jefa ƙugiya kaɗan a kan gefen dama yayin da Ward ya yi tsalle a ciki. A zagaye na uku, Ward ya jefa Dawson da ƙugiya ta hagu kuma ya mamaye zagayen. A zagaye na huɗu kuma, Ward ya sami damar jefa Dawson a wani zagaye mai ƙarfi. Tun daga zagaye na biyar har zuwa ƙarshen faɗan, Ward ya sami damar rage yawan bugun Dawson da kuma yawan aikin da yake yi, wanda hakan ya sa ya kasa yin dambe kuma ya ɓata wa Dawson rai a duk tsawon lokacin. Sai kuma, a zagaye na goma, Ward ya durkusa Dawson bayan an yi masa wani wasa mai kyau, wanda hakan ya sa alkalin wasa Steve Smoger ya dakatar da fafatawar bayan Dawson ya kasa ci gaba da fafatawar. A lokacin dakatarwar, Ward yana kan gaba da maki 90–79, 89–80, da kuma 89–80 a dukkan maki uku na alkalai. A cikin asarar, Dawson ya sami dala $600,000, yayin da Ward ya sami jimillar jaka $1,367,500. Matsakaicin masu kallo miliyan 1.3 a HBO ne suka kalli fafatawar. A shekarar 2013, Dawson ya yi magana game da faɗan kuma ya ce "wani shiri ne da HBO da wasu mutane suka yi." Ya yi iƙirarin cewa an yi hakan ne don a sa shi ya zama "mai rauni kuma a fallasa shi da rage kiba." <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-06 |title=Dawson: Ward loss was HBO set-up |url=http://www.badlefthook.com/2013/6/6/4402144/chad-dawson-andre-ward-fight-was-a-set-up-by-hbo-and-others |access-date=2017-05-29 |website=Bad Left Hook}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ===manazarta=== fzkc9msidyu1e4oze5gubyobw7ryk8m 0 166158 915451 915180 2026-09-03T12:45:41Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ Inganta shafi 915451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] a8mx21poz4dejqi38k005zhebd43uwh 915454 915451 2026-09-03T12:50:07Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ added wiki link 915454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] anuygigtqnreqscl7kjlulk1t13vj5a 915547 915454 2026-09-03T15:08:46Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ 915547 wikitext text/x-wiki Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] 1fnn2tilm9ad7vi6wl1cpsg8qi0b1lv 915550 915547 2026-09-03T15:09:49Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 /* */ 915550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] anuygigtqnreqscl7kjlulk1t13vj5a 915551 915550 2026-09-03T15:11:32Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 915551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Bauchi]] ayefedwppthgtowe4os39lv7pm30d62 915553 915551 2026-09-03T15:12:49Z Salihu Aliyu 12360 915553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Prof. '''Mansur Isah Yelwa''' (an haife shi ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu shekarar 1974) Malamin addinin Musulunci ne a Najeriya kuma babban limamin masallacin [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi wanda ya Shahara a fatawowi daban-daban.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1717034-sheikh-mansur-yelwa-ya-dawo-limanci-a-masallacin-atbu-bauchi-ya-bayyana-dalili/|date= 30 June 2026 |accessdate = 2 September 2026 |title= Sheikh Mansur Yelwa Ya Koma Limanci a Masallacin Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi Ya Fadi Dalilin Dawowa|last= Sani |first= Hamza|website= hausa.legit.ng}}</ref> ==Rayuwarsa== An haifi Mansur Isah Yelwa a wani ƙauye da ake kira da Beru ƙarƙashin ƙaramar hukumar Yelwa dake jihar Bauchi gabashin Najeriya, baban sa Malam Isah Yelwa Malamin addinin Musulunci ne shima, ya fito daga ƙabilar Fulani. ==Ilimi== Mansur ya fara karatun addinin Musulunci daga gurin mahaifinsa inda ya haddace Alqur'ani tun yana yaro, yayi makarantar firamare da sakandare duka Yelwa. Sannan ya fara jami'ar Bayero dake Kano, inda kafin ya gama ya samu gurbin karatu a jami'ar Madina dake ƙasar Saudi Arabiya bayan gama jami'ar Madina ya kuma karatun digirin digirgir a Malesiya. Yayi karatu a wajen Malamai da dama, irin su Professor Muhammad Sani Umar Rijiyar Lemu, Dr Ibrahim Jalo Jalingo, Dr Abubakar Muhammad Sani Birnin Kudu da sauran su. A Yanzu haka shi Malami ne a Jami'ar Bayero. ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni: Haifaffun 1974]] [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Bauchi]] 881nlnom6feu37fcqk4lnigabqwy03p 0 166181 915695 915159 2026-09-03T18:13:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annett Renneberg''' (an haife ta a ranar 16 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1978 a Rudolstadt) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mawaƙiya ta Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-21 |title=„In aller Freundschaft”: TV-Ärztin liest im Landestheater Neustrelitz {{!}} Nordkurier.de |url=https://www.nordkurier.de/neustrelitz/tv-aerztin-liest-im-landestheater-neustrelitz-2147909904.html |access-date=2022-07-18 |website=www.nordkurier.de |language=de |archive-date=2022-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145825/https://www.nordkurier.de/neustrelitz/tv-aerztin-liest-im-landestheater-neustrelitz-2147909904.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == === Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi === Tun tana 'yar shekara biyu, Renneberg ta zauna a Gabashin Berlin, inda daga baya ta halarci makarantar sakandare. Ta kuma dauki darussan waka, Piano da accordion, kuma tana da burin yin aiki a matsayin mawaƙa.<ref name="AR1">{{Cite web |title=Annett Renneberg – Schauspielerin |url=https://www.kino.de/star/annett-renneberg/ |access-date=2018-11-04 |publisher=Kino |language=de |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512185136/https://www.kino.de/star/annett-renneberg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ayyuka === A shekara ta 1991, an gano ta a wani kira kuma ta sauka da rawar gani a fim din aikata laifuka Die Brut der schönen Seele . A shekara ta 1995, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta biyu a fim din ''Maja'' kuma an zabi ta ne don rawar da ta taka a Telestar . <ref name="AR1" /> Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1997, Renneberg ya so ya yi karatun waka amma a maimakon haka ya sami tayin daga darektan Peter Zadek, don yin magana da waka a cikin samar da Rise da Fall of the City of Mahagonny a Bikin Salzburg . Renneberg ta gano ƙaunar da take yi wa gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da sauran ayyukan mataki da suka biyo baya a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, galibi suna aiki tare da Peter Zadek. Renneberg ya kuma taka leda a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai sama da 50. Ta taka rawar Signorina Elettra Zorzi a cikin fim din da aka yi na litattafan Commissario Brunetti na Donna Leon. Tun daga shekara ta 2006, tana yin shirye-shiryen nata na mataki, kuma tana raira waƙa, tana maimaitawa, kuma tana yin aiki tare da wasu masu fasaha daban-daban. Daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2011, ta taka rawar Babban Kwamishina Catharina Brandt a ''Stolberg'' . === Rayuwa ta mutum === Annett Renneberg ta zauna a Mecklenburg-Vorpommern tun lokacin rani na shekara ta 2014. <ref name="AR2">{{Cite web |date=May 23, 2017 |title=Rolle Dr. Maria Weber: Seit Folge 770 Annett Renneberg |url=https://www.mdr.de/in-aller-freundschaft/rollen-darsteller/annett-renneberg100.html |access-date=2018-11-04 |publisher=[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1978]] qq6cpf74wvhpx0vyqt82b0tltpng4ca 0 166201 915635 915254 2026-09-03T16:31:34Z Lawan Bala 15944 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 915635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jordan Lindsey Brewster''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1999) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Arewacin AFC Toronto . Ta buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga West Virginia Mountaineers . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Brewster a Canton, Ohio, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hoover . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Report |title=Hoover graduate Jordan Brewster named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Week |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/soccer/2020/10/07/hoover-graduate-jordan-brewster-named-big-12-player-week/5911201002/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> Brewster ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa tare da Internationals SC, yana wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hickman |first=Cliff |title=Brewster keeps earning invites with US Women's National Age-Group Teams |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/news/local/north-canton/2017/05/14/brewster-keeps-earning-invites-with/21045279007/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Brewster ta halarci Jami'ar West Virginia, inda ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga West Virginia Mountaineers daga 2018 zuwa 2022. A cikin shekaru biyar, ta taka leda a wasanni 101, ta zira kwallaye 9 kuma ta yi rajistar 11 . <ref name="Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer">{{Cite web |title=Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer |url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordan-brewster/16608 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=West Virginia University Athletics |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=The Dominion |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Jordan Brewster named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year; 6 named to all-conference team |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2020/11/18/jordan-brewster-named-big-12-defensive-player-of-the-year-6-named-to-all-conference-team/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Repository |first=The Canton |title=Former Hoover soccer player Jordan Brewster on Hermann Trophy Watch List |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/2021/02/01/jordan-brewster-hermann-trophy-watch-list-west-virginia-hoover-soccer/4329284001/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> West Virginia ta shiga Gasar NCAA Division I sau uku a lokacin wannan lokacin, bayyanar da ta fi dacewa ita ce a zagaye na 16 a cikin 2019, lokacin sabon Brewster. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Kristianstads DFF === Brewster ya tafi ba tare da an tsara shi ba a cikin Shirin NWSL na 2023 kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu a Sweden tare da Kristianstads DFF a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2023, don lokutan 2023 da 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mellett |first=Julia |date=February 2, 2023 |title=Brewster Signs With Kristianstad's DFF |url=https://www.si.com/college/westvirginia/wvu-womens-soccer/brewster-signs-with-kristianstads-dff |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Välkommen Jordan Brewster! |url=http://www.kdff.nu/nyheter/Default.asp?ID=319151&NID=992912&ver=11 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Kristianstads Damfotbollsförening |language=sv}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni 21 a kulob din, ciki har da 17 a gasar da 4 a cikin 2022-23 Svenska Cupen, inda ta fara bugawa kulob din wasa a cikin nasara 1-0 a FC Rosengård . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Rosengård - Kristianstads DFF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/fc-rosengard-kristianstads-dff-svenska-cupen-damer/5388310/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Ta kuma zira kwallaye guda daya ga kulob din a gasar cin kofin, burin farko a cikin nasarar 6-2 a kan Alingsås FC United a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristianstads DFF - Alingsås IF FF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/kristianstads-dff-alingsas-if-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5388314/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> === Bay FC === An sanar da Brewster kamar yadda kungiyar fadada NWSL Bay FC ta sanya hannu a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2024, a kan kwangila ta hanyar kakar 2025 tare da zaɓi don 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Bay FC signs defender Jordan Brewster |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/bay-fc-signs-defender-jordan-brewster/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Sharples a rabi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=Bay FC falls 5-2 on the road to Kansas City Current |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/bay-fc-falls-5-2-on-the-road-to-kansas-city-current/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Fiye da shekara guda bayan haka, ta yi rikodin farawa ta farko ga Bay FC, ta buga minti 26 na wasan farko da Portland Thorns a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2025 kafin ta ci gaba da rauni kuma an maye gurbin ta da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-07 |title=Match Recap: Alyssa Malonson scores first career goal as Bay FC bests Portland Thorns 1-0 |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/match-recap-alyssa-malonson-scores-first-career-goal-as-bay-fc-bests-portland-thorns-1-0/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2025, Bay FC ta ba da rancen Brewster ga kungiyar Mexico Club América ta ƙarshen kakar NWSL ta 2025. Brewster ta fara buga wasan Liga MX Femenil a kan Querétaro a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=earias |date=2025-08-14 |title=Jordan Brewster, defensa de América Femenil, habla sobre sus primeras impresiones en México |url=https://www.record.com.mx/futbol/futbol-nacional/ligafemenilmx/jordan-brewster-defensa-de-america-femenil-habla-sobre-sus |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.record.com.mx |language=es}}</ref> Ta buga sama da minti 300 a cikin kulob din yayin da América ta fadi kawai don samun lambar yabo ta Liga MX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¡Una baja más! América Femenil confirma la salida de Jordan Brewster |url=https://www.viamx.com.mx/2025/12/una-baja-mas-america-femenil-confirma.html |access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref> Bayan dawowa Bay FC a ƙarshen shekara, ta kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan da aka sanar da barin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingemi |first=Marisa |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Changes are minimal as Bay FC releases their end-of-season roster |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/changes-minimal-bay-fc-releases-end-of-season-21237957.php |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> Brewster ya shiga San Diego Wave FC a matsayin wanda ba a gayyaci ba a cikin kakar wasa ta 2026, amma bai shiga tawagar karshe ba. === AFC Toronto === An sanar da Brewster a kungiyar AFC Toronto ta Arewa a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2026. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Brewster ya halarci sansanin 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 na Amurka a shekarar 2013, kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar kira daga kungiyoyin U-18, U-19, da U-20 na kasa.<ref name="Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=BREWSTER AND DAWSON HEAD TO CHINA WITH U.S. U-19 WNT • SoccerToday |url=https://www.soccertoday.com/brewster-dawson-head-china-u-s-u-19-wnt/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=SoccerToday |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taka leda a wurare da yawa a cikin tawagar matasa ta kasa, da farko an kira ta a matsayin mai tsaron gida a 2013 amma an kira ta azaman mai gaba a 2017 da kuma ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=Jordan Brewster attending US Soccer national camp |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/news/local/north-canton/2013/05/14/jordan-brewster-attending-us-soccer/42213011007/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Wasanni biyu da ta buga tare da U-18s sun zo ne a wasannin sada zumunci da U-19s na Australia. Ta fara a wasannin biyu, inda ta samu taimakon biyu a wasan na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-18 Women's National Team defeats Australia U-19s 2-1 |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-18-womens-national-team-defeats-australia-u-19s-2-1/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-18 Women's National Team storms past Australia U-19s 4-1 |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-18-womens-national-team-storms-past-australia-u-19s-4-1/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Amurka U-20s a gasar zakarun mata ta CONCACAF U-20 ta 2018, tana horo tare da tawagar kafin gasar amma tana barin saboda babu dan wasan da ya ji rauni da zai maye gurbin a lokacin da aka fara gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=Stephanie |date=January 10, 2018 |title=Klimkova names roster for U-20 CONCACAF World Cup qualifying |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/1/10/16874564/klimkova-roster-u-20-concacaf-world-cup-france-qualifying |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Stars and Stripes FC |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|March 31, 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Wasanni[ƙasa-alpha 2] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Kristianstads DFF |2023 |Damallsvenskan |17 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Bay FC |2024 | rowspan="2" |NWSL |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |3[ƙasa-alpha 3] |0 |4 |0 |- |2025 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !3 !0 !4 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !18 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !3 !0 !25 !1 |} == Daraja == '''Masu hawan dutse na West Virginia''' * Gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Babban Taron 12: 2018, 2022 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Ƙungiyar ta biyu All-American: 2020 * Kungiyar ta uku All-American: 2021, 2022 * Kungiyar farko All-Big 12: 2020, 2021, 2022 * Kungiyar ta biyu All-Big 12: 2018, 2019 * Babban Mai Tsaro na Shekara: 2020 * Babban Wasanni 12 Mai tsaron gida: 2022 == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] jogxuadee60l3tupjue9x4h2ly1697h 915636 915635 2026-09-03T16:32:02Z Lawan Bala 15944 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 915636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jordan Lindsey Brewster''' (an haife shi a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1999) ɗan wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwallonƙwallon ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Arewacin AFC Toronto . Ta buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga West Virginia Mountaineers . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Brewster a Canton, Ohio, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Hoover . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Report |title=Hoover graduate Jordan Brewster named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Week |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/college/soccer/2020/10/07/hoover-graduate-jordan-brewster-named-big-12-player-week/5911201002/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> Brewster ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na matasa tare da Internationals SC, yana wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|Mai tsaron gida]] da kuma gaba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hickman |first=Cliff |title=Brewster keeps earning invites with US Women's National Age-Group Teams |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/news/local/north-canton/2017/05/14/brewster-keeps-earning-invites-with/21045279007/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Brewster ta halarci Jami'ar West Virginia, inda ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga West Virginia Mountaineers daga 2018 zuwa 2022. A cikin shekaru biyar, ta taka leda a wasanni 101, ta zira kwallaye 9 kuma ta yi rajistar 11 . <ref name="Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer">{{Cite web |title=Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer |url=https://wvusports.com/sports/womens-soccer/roster/jordan-brewster/16608 |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=West Virginia University Athletics |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=The Dominion |date=November 19, 2020 |title=Jordan Brewster named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year; 6 named to all-conference team |url=https://www.dominionpost.com/2020/11/18/jordan-brewster-named-big-12-defensive-player-of-the-year-6-named-to-all-conference-team/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Dominion Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Repository |first=The Canton |title=Former Hoover soccer player Jordan Brewster on Hermann Trophy Watch List |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/sports/2021/02/01/jordan-brewster-hermann-trophy-watch-list-west-virginia-hoover-soccer/4329284001/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref> West Virginia ta shiga Gasar NCAA Division I sau uku a lokacin wannan lokacin, bayyanar da ta fi dacewa ita ce a zagaye na 16 a cikin 2019, lokacin sabon Brewster. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Kristianstads DFF === Brewster ya tafi ba tare da an tsara shi ba a cikin Shirin NWSL na 2023 kuma daga baya ya sanya hannu a Sweden tare da Kristianstads DFF a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2023, don lokutan 2023 da 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mellett |first=Julia |date=February 2, 2023 |title=Brewster Signs With Kristianstad's DFF |url=https://www.si.com/college/westvirginia/wvu-womens-soccer/brewster-signs-with-kristianstads-dff |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Sports Illustrated |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Välkommen Jordan Brewster! |url=http://www.kdff.nu/nyheter/Default.asp?ID=319151&NID=992912&ver=11 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Kristianstads Damfotbollsförening |language=sv}}</ref> Ta buga wasanni 21 a kulob din, ciki har da 17 a gasar da 4 a cikin 2022-23 Svenska Cupen, inda ta fara bugawa kulob din wasa a cikin nasara 1-0 a FC Rosengård . <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Rosengård - Kristianstads DFF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/fc-rosengard-kristianstads-dff-svenska-cupen-damer/5388310/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> Ta kuma zira kwallaye guda daya ga kulob din a gasar cin kofin, burin farko a cikin nasarar 6-2 a kan Alingsås FC United a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kristianstads DFF - Alingsås IF FF - Matchfakta - Svensk fotboll |url=https://www.svenskfotboll.se/matchfakta/kristianstads-dff-alingsas-if-ff-svenska-cupen-damer/5388314/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=www.svenskfotboll.se |language=sv}}</ref> === Bay FC === An sanar da Brewster kamar yadda kungiyar fadada NWSL Bay FC ta sanya hannu a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2024, a kan kwangila ta hanyar kakar 2025 tare da zaɓi don 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Bay FC signs defender Jordan Brewster |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/bay-fc-signs-defender-jordan-brewster/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta fara buga wasan farko na NWSL a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin Kayla Sharples a rabi na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-20 |title=Bay FC falls 5-2 on the road to Kansas City Current |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/bay-fc-falls-5-2-on-the-road-to-kansas-city-current/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Fiye da shekara guda bayan haka, ta yi rikodin farawa ta farko ga Bay FC, ta buga minti 26 na wasan farko da Portland Thorns a ranar 7 ga Yuni, 2025 kafin ta ci gaba da rauni kuma an maye gurbin ta da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-07 |title=Match Recap: Alyssa Malonson scores first career goal as Bay FC bests Portland Thorns 1-0 |url=https://bayfc.com/press-releases/match-recap-alyssa-malonson-scores-first-career-goal-as-bay-fc-bests-portland-thorns-1-0/ |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=Bay FC |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2025, Bay FC ta ba da rancen Brewster ga kungiyar Mexico Club América ta ƙarshen kakar NWSL ta 2025. Brewster ta fara buga wasan Liga MX Femenil a kan Querétaro a ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=earias |date=2025-08-14 |title=Jordan Brewster, defensa de América Femenil, habla sobre sus primeras impresiones en México |url=https://www.record.com.mx/futbol/futbol-nacional/ligafemenilmx/jordan-brewster-defensa-de-america-femenil-habla-sobre-sus |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.record.com.mx |language=es}}</ref> Ta buga sama da minti 300 a cikin kulob din yayin da América ta fadi kawai don samun lambar yabo ta Liga MX.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¡Una baja más! América Femenil confirma la salida de Jordan Brewster |url=https://www.viamx.com.mx/2025/12/una-baja-mas-america-femenil-confirma.html |access-date=2026-01-02}}</ref> Bayan dawowa Bay FC a ƙarshen shekara, ta kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasan da aka sanar da barin tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ingemi |first=Marisa |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Changes are minimal as Bay FC releases their end-of-season roster |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/article/changes-minimal-bay-fc-releases-end-of-season-21237957.php |access-date=2 January 2026 |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> Brewster ya shiga San Diego Wave FC a matsayin wanda ba a gayyaci ba a cikin kakar wasa ta 2026, amma bai shiga tawagar karshe ba. === AFC Toronto === An sanar da Brewster a kungiyar AFC Toronto ta Arewa a ranar 17 ga Afrilu, 2026. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Brewster ya halarci sansanin 'yan kasa da shekaru 14 na Amurka a shekarar 2013, kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar kira daga kungiyoyin U-18, U-19, da U-20 na kasa.<ref name="Jordan Brewster - Women's Soccer" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=BREWSTER AND DAWSON HEAD TO CHINA WITH U.S. U-19 WNT • SoccerToday |url=https://www.soccertoday.com/brewster-dawson-head-china-u-s-u-19-wnt/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=SoccerToday |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta taka leda a wurare da yawa a cikin tawagar matasa ta kasa, da farko an kira ta a matsayin mai tsaron gida a 2013 amma an kira ta azaman mai gaba a 2017 da kuma ci gaba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |title=Jordan Brewster attending US Soccer national camp |url=https://www.cantonrep.com/story/news/local/north-canton/2013/05/14/jordan-brewster-attending-us-soccer/42213011007/ |access-date=March 23, 2024 |website=Canton Repository |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Wasanni biyu da ta buga tare da U-18s sun zo ne a wasannin sada zumunci da U-19s na Australia. Ta fara a wasannin biyu, inda ta samu taimakon biyu a wasan na biyu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-18 Women's National Team defeats Australia U-19s 2-1 |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-18-womens-national-team-defeats-australia-u-19s-2-1/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-18 Women's National Team storms past Australia U-19s 4-1 |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-18-womens-national-team-storms-past-australia-u-19s-4-1/ |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar Amurka U-20s a gasar zakarun mata ta CONCACAF U-20 ta 2018, tana horo tare da tawagar kafin gasar amma tana barin saboda babu dan wasan da ya ji rauni da zai maye gurbin a lokacin da aka fara gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=Stephanie |date=January 10, 2018 |title=Klimkova names roster for U-20 CONCACAF World Cup qualifying |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2018/1/10/16874564/klimkova-roster-u-20-concacaf-world-cup-france-qualifying |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=Stars and Stripes FC |language=en}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|March 31, 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Wasanni[ƙasa-alpha 2] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- |Kristianstads DFF |2023 |Damallsvenskan |17 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |21 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Bay FC |2024 | rowspan="2" |NWSL |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |3[ƙasa-alpha 3] |0 |4 |0 |- |2025 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !3 !0 !4 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !18 !0 !4 !1 !0 !0 !3 !0 !25 !1 |} == Daraja == '''Masu hawan dutse na West Virginia''' * Gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Babban Taron 12: 2018, 2022 '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Ƙungiyar ta biyu All-American: 2020 * Kungiyar ta uku All-American: 2021, 2022 * Kungiyar farko All-Big 12: 2020, 2021, 2022 * Kungiyar ta biyu All-Big 12: 2018, 2019 * Babban Mai Tsaro na Shekara: 2020 * Babban Wasanni 12 Mai tsaron gida: 2022 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] 76o6jvvfehir60drygn22wuwdabx62d 0 166214 915437 2026-09-03T12:33:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 Pharouqenr moved page [[Matsayi na Mori]] to [[Mori Point]] 915437 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mori Point]] 4wl5g5dt8rnbp1nvrfk3ejmt63yk75e 0 166215 915444 2026-09-03T12:38:47Z Pharouqenr 25549 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365249408|Sadiq Abubakar III International Airport]]" 915444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III''' ko Filin jirgin sama na Sultan Saddik Abubakar (: , : ) filin jirgin sama ne da ke aiki da [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Siddiq Abubakar III, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sultan na Sokoto]] daga 1938 zuwa 1988. Mai gudanar da shi shine [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] (FAAN). A cikin 2022, filin jirgin sama ne tare da matakin na uku mafi girma na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. == Tarihi == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Da yake kusa da [[Bodinga]] zuwa kudancin Sokoto, an buɗe Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III a hukumance a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1982; ya maye gurbin filin jirgin sama da ke cikin kudancin Sokot.<ref name="DomFAAN">{{Cite web |title=Domestic Airports |url=https://faan.gov.ng/local-airports/ |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Map of Sokoto |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sample-area-of-selected-Hospitals-in-Sokoto-Source-GIS-Lab-Department-of-Geography-UDUS_fig2_368864838 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=GIS Lab, Department of Geography, [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University]] |via=Researchgate.net}}</ref> Stevin Construction ya sami kwangilar gina shimfidar wurare da aikin ƙasa don filin jirgin sama. An shirya filin jirgin sama don samun sabis na iska daga jirgin Boeing 747. Kwangilar Stevin Group don wannan filin jirgin sama ta kasance na fam miliyan 20 na Burtaniya. A watan Agustan 2018 magoya bayan tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Sokoto [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] sun shiga cikin yankin tsaro, gami da wasu a kan babura, kuma sun taru a filin jirgin sama; sun hana jirgin da Wamakko ke amfani da shi daga ajiye motoci a filin jirgin bayan ya sauka. Lamarin ya haifar da damuwa a cikin wani edita daga This Day game da tsaro da aminci na filayen jirgin saman Najeriya. FAAN ta soki mutanen da ke shirya abubuwan da suka hana filin jirgin sama. A cikin 2026 gwamnatin jihar Sokoto ta soki tsarin hasken wuta a filin jirgin sama. == Gidajen == Filin jirgin saman yana da hanya guda ɗaya ta asphalt / siminti, 08/26; yana da mita 3,000 (9,843 tsawo da mita 60 (197 fadi. Filin jirgin saman yana da VOR / DME da tsarin saukowa na kayan aiki don kewayawa.<ref name="Kabo747">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT KAL/2013/10/04/F |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/reports/2013/20131004_B742_5N-JRM.pdf |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau|Accident Investigation Bureau]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022 akwai tashar jiragen Hajj wanda har yanzu ana ginawa. A cikin 2025 an sanar da shirye-shiryen tashar VIP da sabuwar hanyar shiga filin jirgin sama. == Kididdiga == {{Airport-Statistics|iata=SKO}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Nijeriya|Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] fyy6bunu61k46cf53h0zhlsrsaxe3oc 915446 915444 2026-09-03T12:39:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 915446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III''' ko Filin jirgin sama na Sultan Saddik Abubakar (: , : ) filin jirgin sama ne da ke aiki da [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Siddiq Abubakar III, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sultan na Sokoto]] daga 1938 zuwa 1988. Mai gudanar da shi shine [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] (FAAN). A cikin 2022, filin jirgin sama ne tare da matakin na uku mafi girma na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. == Tarihi == Da yake kusa da [[Bodinga]] zuwa kudancin Sokoto, an buɗe Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III a hukumance a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1982; ya maye gurbin filin jirgin sama da ke cikin kudancin Sokot.<ref name="DomFAAN">{{Cite web |title=Domestic Airports |url=https://faan.gov.ng/local-airports/ |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Map of Sokoto |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sample-area-of-selected-Hospitals-in-Sokoto-Source-GIS-Lab-Department-of-Geography-UDUS_fig2_368864838 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=GIS Lab, Department of Geography, [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University]] |via=Researchgate.net}}</ref> Stevin Construction ya sami kwangilar gina shimfidar wurare da aikin ƙasa don filin jirgin sama. An shirya filin jirgin sama don samun sabis na iska daga jirgin Boeing 747. Kwangilar Stevin Group don wannan filin jirgin sama ta kasance na fam miliyan 20 na Burtaniya. A watan Agustan 2018 magoya bayan tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Sokoto [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] sun shiga cikin yankin tsaro, gami da wasu a kan babura, kuma sun taru a filin jirgin sama; sun hana jirgin da Wamakko ke amfani da shi daga ajiye motoci a filin jirgin bayan ya sauka. Lamarin ya haifar da damuwa a cikin wani edita daga This Day game da tsaro da aminci na filayen jirgin saman Najeriya. FAAN ta soki mutanen da ke shirya abubuwan da suka hana filin jirgin sama. A cikin 2026 gwamnatin jihar Sokoto ta soki tsarin hasken wuta a filin jirgin sama. == Gidajen == Filin jirgin saman yana da hanya guda ɗaya ta asphalt / siminti, 08/26; yana da mita 3,000 (9,843 tsawo da mita 60 (197 fadi. Filin jirgin saman yana da VOR / DME da tsarin saukowa na kayan aiki don kewayawa.<ref name="Kabo747">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT KAL/2013/10/04/F |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/reports/2013/20131004_B742_5N-JRM.pdf |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau|Accident Investigation Bureau]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022 akwai tashar jiragen Hajj wanda har yanzu ana ginawa. A cikin 2025 an sanar da shirye-shiryen tashar VIP da sabuwar hanyar shiga filin jirgin sama. == Kididdiga == {{Airport-Statistics|iata=SKO}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Nijeriya|Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] iumizol37batwvp5ugn0ukq8dk5rycu 915447 915446 2026-09-03T12:39:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 915447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III''' ko Filin jirgin sama na Sultan Saddik Abubakar (: , : ) filin jirgin sama ne da ke aiki da [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Siddiq Abubakar III, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sultan na Sokoto]] daga 1938 zuwa 1988. Mai gudanar da shi shine [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] (FAAN). A cikin 2022, filin jirgin sama ne tare da matakin na uku mafi girma na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. == Tarihi == Da yake kusa da [[Bodinga]] zuwa kudancin Sokoto, an buɗe Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III a hukumance a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1982; ya maye gurbin filin jirgin sama da ke cikin kudancin Sokot.<ref name="DomFAAN">{{Cite web |title=Domestic Airports |url=https://faan.gov.ng/local-airports/ |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Map of Sokoto |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sample-area-of-selected-Hospitals-in-Sokoto-Source-GIS-Lab-Department-of-Geography-UDUS_fig2_368864838 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=GIS Lab, Department of Geography, [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University]] |via=Researchgate.net}}</ref> Stevin Construction ya sami kwangilar gina shimfidar wurare da aikin ƙasa don filin jirgin sama. An shirya filin jirgin sama don samun sabis na iska daga jirgin Boeing 747. Kwangilar Stevin Group don wannan filin jirgin sama ta kasance na fam miliyan 20 na Burtaniya. A watan Agustan 2018 magoya bayan tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Sokoto [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] sun shiga cikin yankin tsaro, gami da wasu a kan babura, kuma sun taru a filin jirgin sama; sun hana jirgin da Wamakko ke amfani da shi daga ajiye motoci a filin jirgin bayan ya sauka. Lamarin ya haifar da damuwa a cikin wani edita daga This Day game da tsaro da aminci na filayen jirgin saman Najeriya. FAAN ta soki mutanen da ke shirya abubuwan da suka hana filin jirgin sama. A cikin 2026 gwamnatin jihar Sokoto ta soki tsarin hasken wuta a filin jirgin sama. == Gidajen == Filin jirgin saman yana da hanya guda ɗaya ta asphalt / siminti, 08/26; yana da mita 3,000 (9,843 tsawo da mita 60 (197 fadi. Filin jirgin saman yana da VOR / DME da tsarin saukowa na kayan aiki don kewayawa.<ref name="Kabo747">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT KAL/2013/10/04/F |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/reports/2013/20131004_B742_5N-JRM.pdf |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau|Accident Investigation Bureau]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022 akwai tashar jiragen Hajj wanda har yanzu ana ginawa. A cikin 2025 an sanar da shirye-shiryen tashar VIP da sabuwar hanyar shiga filin jirgin sama. == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Nijeriya|Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] 1xnd2mr80kv9o67yn8yme5h0aoyvcxt 915448 915447 2026-09-03T12:39:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 915448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III''' ko Filin jirgin sama na Sultan Saddik Abubakar (: , : ) filin jirgin sama ne da ke aiki da [[Sokoto (Birni)|Sokoto]], babban birnin [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]] a [[Najeriya]] . An sanya masa suna ne bayan Siddiq Abubakar III, [[Jerin Sarakunan Musulmin Najeriya|Sultan na Sokoto]] daga 1938 zuwa 1988. Mai gudanar da shi shine [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] (FAAN). A cikin 2022, filin jirgin sama ne tare da matakin na uku mafi girma na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]]. == Tarihi == Da yake kusa da [[Bodinga]] zuwa kudancin Sokoto, an buɗe Filin jirgin saman Sadiq Abubakar III a hukumance a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1982; ya maye gurbin filin jirgin sama da ke cikin kudancin Sokot.<ref name="DomFAAN">{{Cite web |title=Domestic Airports |url=https://faan.gov.ng/local-airports/ |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Map of Sokoto |url=https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Sample-area-of-selected-Hospitals-in-Sokoto-Source-GIS-Lab-Department-of-Geography-UDUS_fig2_368864838 |access-date=28 June 2018 |publisher=GIS Lab, Department of Geography, [[Usmanu Danfodiyo University]] |via=Researchgate.net}}</ref> Stevin Construction ya sami kwangilar gina shimfidar wurare da aikin ƙasa don filin jirgin sama. An shirya filin jirgin sama don samun sabis na iska daga jirgin Boeing 747. Kwangilar Stevin Group don wannan filin jirgin sama ta kasance na fam miliyan 20 na Burtaniya. A watan Agustan 2018 magoya bayan tsohon Gwamnan Jihar Sokoto [[Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko]] sun shiga cikin yankin tsaro, gami da wasu a kan babura, kuma sun taru a filin jirgin sama; sun hana jirgin da Wamakko ke amfani da shi daga ajiye motoci a filin jirgin bayan ya sauka. Lamarin ya haifar da damuwa a cikin wani edita daga This Day game da tsaro da aminci na filayen jirgin saman Najeriya. FAAN ta soki mutanen da ke shirya abubuwan da suka hana filin jirgin sama. A cikin 2026 gwamnatin jihar Sokoto ta soki tsarin hasken wuta a filin jirgin sama. == Gidajen == Filin jirgin saman yana da hanya guda ɗaya ta asphalt / siminti, 08/26; yana da mita 3,000 (9,843 tsawo da mita 60 (197 fadi. Filin jirgin saman yana da VOR / DME da tsarin saukowa na kayan aiki don kewayawa.<ref name="Kabo747">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT KAL/2013/10/04/F |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/reports/2013/20131004_B742_5N-JRM.pdf |access-date=28 June 2026 |publisher=[[Nigerian Safety Investigation Bureau|Accident Investigation Bureau]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022 akwai tashar jiragen Hajj wanda har yanzu ana ginawa. A cikin 2025 an sanar da shirye-shiryen tashar VIP da sabuwar hanyar shiga filin jirgin sama. == Dubi kuma == * [[Sufuri a Najeriya]] * [[Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Nijeriya|Jerin filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] * [[Hukumar kula da filayen jiragen sama ta Najeriya|Hukumar Kula da Filin Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya ta Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Filayen jirgin sama a Najeriya]] 097ti12k90jgjifc36x2dwsbsjx3uiz 0 166216 915452 2026-09-03T12:49:22Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372469393|Dea Loher]]" 915452 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dea Loher''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Dea Loher Andrea Beate Loher a 1964 a Traunstein, Bavaria, Jamus. Da farko ta yi amfani da sunan farko Dea a matsayin sunan alkawari, amma daga ƙarshe ta canza sunanta zuwa Dea. Ta yi karatun adabin Jamusanci da falsafar a LMU Munich . Daga nan sai ta yi shekara guda a Brazil. A cikin 1990, ta fara karatun rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa don mataki tare da Heiner Müller da Yaak Karsunke a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin . An fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ta sami karbuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinta a Jamus. Dea Loher tun daga lokacin an ba shi manyan kyaututtuka don wasan kwaikwayo da adabi a Jamus, gami da Joseph-Breitbach-Preis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j50i0lz10e8renalv2voa1p4t16xhvp 915453 915452 2026-09-03T12:49:41Z Usman saadu 46863 915453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dea Loher''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Dea Loher Andrea Beate Loher a 1964 a Traunstein, Bavaria, Jamus. Da farko ta yi amfani da sunan farko Dea a matsayin sunan alkawari, amma daga ƙarshe ta canza sunanta zuwa Dea. Ta yi karatun adabin Jamusanci da falsafar a LMU Munich . Daga nan sai ta yi shekara guda a Brazil. A cikin 1990, ta fara karatun rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa don mataki tare da Heiner Müller da Yaak Karsunke a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin . An fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ta sami karbuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinta a Jamus. Dea Loher tun daga lokacin an ba shi manyan kyaututtuka don wasan kwaikwayo da adabi a Jamus, gami da Joseph-Breitbach-Preis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qcbv1m2srmhraeirprwr5n6ouiupktn 915455 915453 2026-09-03T12:50:07Z Usman saadu 46863 915455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dea Loher''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Dea Loher Andrea Beate Loher a shekara ta 1964 a Traunstein, Bavaria, Jamus. Da farko ta yi amfani da sunan farko Dea a matsayin sunan alkawari, amma daga ƙarshe ta canza sunanta zuwa Dea. Ta yi karatun adabin Jamusanci da falsafar a LMU Munich . Daga nan sai ta yi shekara guda a Brazil. A cikin 1990, ta fara karatun rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa don mataki tare da Heiner Müller da Yaak Karsunke a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin . An fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ta sami karbuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinta a Jamus. Dea Loher tun daga lokacin an ba shi manyan kyaututtuka don wasan kwaikwayo da adabi a Jamus, gami da Joseph-Breitbach-Preis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cafe0ozegcebrbgagxnbb1kw9ggbkop 915456 915455 2026-09-03T12:50:30Z Usman saadu 46863 915456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dea Loher''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964) marubuciya ce kuma marubuciya a Jamus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Dea Loher Andrea Beate Loher a shekara ta 1964 a Traunstein, Bavaria, Jamus. Da farko ta yi amfani da sunan farko Dea a matsayin sunan alkawari, amma daga ƙarshe ta canza sunanta zuwa Dea. Ta yi karatun adabin Jamusanci da falsafar a LMU Munich . Daga nan sai ta yi shekara guda a Brazil. A cikin shekarar 1990, ta fara karatun rubuce-rubuce masu ban sha'awa don mataki tare da Heiner Müller da Yaak Karsunke a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Berlin . An fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko a farkon shekarun 1990, kuma ta sami karbuwa a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan matasa masu wasan kwaikwayo na lokacinta a Jamus. Dea Loher tun daga lokacin an ba shi manyan kyaututtuka don wasan kwaikwayo da adabi a Jamus, gami da Joseph-Breitbach-Preis . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1964]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0inygfnp0q1hk6z3aa3gg9deokuge1s 0 166217 915459 2026-09-03T12:52:10Z Gwanki 3834 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372160656|Cameroon at the 2026 Commonwealth Games]]" 915459 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{smalldiv|1=;Key Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only. *'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round *'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Kamaru''' ta fafata a '''Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026''' a [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Sport Nations and Territories |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com/ |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Games 2026: Full list of countries participating in Glasgow edition; Gabon and Togo set for debut |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/commonwealth-games-2026-cwg-glasgow-full-list-of-countries-participating-debutants-gabon-togo-india/article71210222.ece |access-date=20 July 2026 |website=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna shiga [[Kamaru]] na takwas a wasannin, bayan da ya fara bugawa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998. King's Baton relay ya tsaya a Kamaru a watan Yulin 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=King's Baton Relay: Cameroon |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/kings-baton-relay/route/4340969/cameroon |access-date=2 July 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> Kungiyar Kamaru da farko ta kunshi 'yan wasa 24 da ke fafatawa a wasanni hudu. Koyaya ƙungiyar dambe ta janye daga wasannin saboda matsalolin cikin gida tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kwallon Kwando ta Kamaru. Wannan yana nufin an rage girman ƙungiyar zuwa 'yan wasa 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2026 |title=Boxing withdrawal leaves Cameroon leaning on four sports at Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.stopblablacam.com/society/2707-16556-boxing-withdrawal-leaves-cameroon-leaning-on-four-sports-at-commonwealth-games |access-date=9 August 2026 |website=StopBlaBlaCam}}</ref> Mai tsere Nora Monie ita ce mai ɗaukar tutar ƙasar a lokacin bikin buɗewa. <ref name="cer">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Glasgow 2026 : Le Cameroun entame sa campagne |trans-title=Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games: Cameroon begins its campaign |url=https://seasonmedia.net/commonwealth-glasgow-2026-le-cameroun-entame-sa-campagne/ |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Season Media |language=fr}}</ref> A halin yanzu, mai ɗaukar nauyi Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu shine mai ɗaukar sandar a lokacin bikin buɗewa.<ref name="cer" /> Emmanuel Eseme ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasar, zinariya a tseren mita 100 na maza, ya karya rikodin wasannin da rikodin ƙasa a cikin tsari. Gabaɗaya ƙungiyar Kamaru ta lashe lambobin yabo biyar, zinariya ɗaya, azurfa ɗaya da tagulla uku. Wannan ya sanya kasar a matsayi na 16 a kan teburin lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa == Wadannan sune jerin adadin masu fafatawa da ke shiga wasannin ta hanyar wasanni / horo. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" width="120" |Wasanni ! width="55" |Maza ! width="55" |Mata ! width="55" |Jimillar |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Wasanni |6 |4 |10 |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Judo |2 |3 |5 |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |Ɗauki nauyi |Don ɗaga wutar lantarki |1 |2 |3 |- |Ɗauki nauyi |2 |0 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !11 !9 !20 |} == Wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa na Kamaru masu zuwa sun lashe lambobin yabo a wasannin. A cikin sassan horo da ke ƙasa, sunayen masu lambar yabo suna da ƙuƙwalwa. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Medal !Sunan !Wasanni !Abin da ya faru !Ranar !Tabbacin. |- |{{Gold medal}} |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] |Wasanni |mita 100 na maza |28 ga Yuli | align="center" | |- |{{Silver medal}} |Richelle Soppi Mbella |Judo |Mata +78 kg |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" | |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Marie-Céline Baba Matia]] |Judo |52 kg na mata |31 ga Yuli | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Cedric Lekezo Azamdzi]] |Wasanni (para) |Shirin maza (F57) |1 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Franck Tahman Zan]] |Judo |100 kg na maza |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |} Kamaru ta shigar da 'yan wasa goma (maza shida da mata hudu). ; Abubuwan da suka faru {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semifinal ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |'''[[Emmanuel Eseme]]''' | rowspan="2" align="left" |100 m na maza|colspan=2 {{N/a|bye}} |9.89 |1 Ka yi tambaya'''Q''' |9.83 | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne|colspan=6 {{N/a|Did not start}} |- | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |200 m na maza | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Linda Angounou | align="left" |Matsakaicin mata na mita 400 | ||colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru a filin ; Maza {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |cancanta ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Tsakanin !Matsayi !Tsakanin !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsawon tsalle |7.57 |13|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Appolinaire Yinra|Yinra mai amfani da appolina]] |7.27 |15|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Derick Gama]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsalle sau uku | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Cédric Lekezo Azamdzi]] | align="left" |Shot sanya F57|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |- | align="left" |[[Lucien Wangba]] | align="left" |Fitar da faifai|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru - Heptathlon {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !{{Tooltip|100H|100 m hurdles}} !{{Tooltip|HJ|High jump}} !{{Tooltip|SP|Shot put}} !200 m !{{Tooltip|LJ|Long jump}} !{{Tooltip|JT|Javelin throw}} !800 m !Ƙarshe !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Adèle Mafogang]] ! style="font-size:95%" |Sakamakon | | | | | | | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | |- ! style="font-size:95%" |Abubuwa | | | | | | | |} == Judo == Kamaru ta shiga judoka biyar (maza biyu da mata uku). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru !Zagaye na 16 !Wasanni na kusa da na karshe !Semifinals !Maimaitawa ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe / {{Tooltip|BM|Bronze Medal}} |- style="font-size:95%" !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Vladimir Ngueya Naheu]] | align="left" |90 kg na maza |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Frederick_Harris_(judoka)" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick Harris (judoka)">Harris W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Frederick Harris (judoka)|Harris]]|SLE|2026}}<br /> |Fita L 000s2-001s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Rémi Feuillet|Feuillet]]|MRI|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} | L 000s3-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Jamal Petgrave|Petgrave]]|ENG|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Franck Tahman Zan]]''' | align="left" |100 kg na maza|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Georgios Kroussaniotakis"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Georgios_Kroussaniotakis?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Georgios Kroussaniotakis" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Kroussaniotakis</nowiki> L 002s3-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Georgios Kroussaniotakis|Kroussaniotakis]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Abdourahman Ceesay"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Abdourahman_Ceesay?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abdourahman Ceesay" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Ceesay</nowiki> W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Abdourahman Ceesay|Ceesay]]|GAM|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Oliver Barratt"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Oliver_Barratt?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oliver Barratt" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Barratt</nowiki> W 100s1-001s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Oliver Barratt|Barratt]]|WAL|2026}}<br /> | |- | colspan="9" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Marie Baba Matia]]''' | align="left" |52 kg na mata |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Cinthya Badru"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Cinthya_Badru?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cinthya Badru" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Cinthya Badru</nowiki> W 100s1-000s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Cinthya Badru]]|MOZ|2026}}<br /> | L 001-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sofia Asvesta]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |Rioux <span about="#m<b id=" mwahe="">W" data-ve-ignore="" id="mwAg8" style="font-size:90%;"> ([[Mauritius at the 2026 Commonwealth Games|MRI]]) </span> W 100s2-000s3{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Marie Sylva Rioux|Rioux]]|MRI|2026}}<br /> |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Tinka_Easton" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tinka Easton">Easton W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Tinka Easton|Easton]]|AUS|2026}}<br /> | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Georgika Djengue Moune]] | align="left" |Kwararrun mata 78|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Zanet Michaelidou"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Zanet_Michaelidou?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zanet Michaelidou" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Michaelidou</nowiki> L 000s2-101s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Zanet Michaelidou|Michaelidou]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Ishroop Narang"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Ishroop_Narang?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ishroop Narang" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Narang</nowiki> L 002s1-010s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Ishroop Narang|Narang]]|IND|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''Richelle Soppi Mbella''' | align="left" |Mata +78 kg|{{bye}} |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Gabriella_Wood" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gabriella Wood">Itace W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Gabriella Wood|Wood]]|TTO|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Karra Hanna"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Karra_Hanna?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karra Hanna" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Hanna</nowiki> W 101-000s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Karra Hanna|Hanna]]|BAH|2026}}<br />|{{bye}} | L 000-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sydnee Andrews|Andrews]]|NZL|2026}}<br /> | |} == Ma'auni == Kamaru ta cancanci maza biyu masu ɗaga nauyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=IWF Commonwealth Ranking List Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games Men |url=https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2026/05/IWF-Commonwealth-Ranking-Lists_Final_MEN-as-of-26-May-2026.pdf |access-date=27 May 2026 |website=www.iwf.sport |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]}}</ref> '''Maza''' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="2" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Jimillar (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Matsayi |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Daniel Onana Tanga]] | align="left" |94 kg |147 |6 |187 |3 |334 |4 |- | align="left" |Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu | align="left" |110 kg|colspan=2 {{N/a|{{abbrv|NM|No Mark}}}}|colspan=4 {{N/a|{{abbrv|DNF|Did not finish}}}} |} === Don ɗaga wutar lantarki === Kamaru ta cancanci masu ɗagawa uku (mutum ɗaya da mata biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2026 |title=Jeux du Commonwealth : le Cameroun aligne six disciplines à Glasgow |trans-title=Commonwealth Games: Cameroon enters six sports in Glasgow |url=https://www.237online.com/cameroun-jeux-commonwealth-glasgow/ |access-date=10 July 2026 |website=www.237online.com |language=fr}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Balinga Manga]] | align="left" |Nauyin maza mai sauƙi |103.9 |10 |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Suzanne Menye M'eto]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata masu sauƙi |87.9 |8 |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Thamar Mengue]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata |93.8 |5 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.glasgow2026.com/teams/cameroon Kamaru] a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Wasannin Commonwealth na Glasgow 2026]] [[Rukuni:CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)]] k63kshvdcjf6i9ttx6xt8wmuzizsfjb 915460 915459 2026-09-03T12:53:10Z Gwanki 3834 915460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{smalldiv|1=;Key Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only. *'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round *'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Kamaru''' ta fafata a '''Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026''' a [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Sport Nations and Territories |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com/ |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Games 2026: Full list of countries participating in Glasgow edition; Gabon and Togo set for debut |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/commonwealth-games-2026-cwg-glasgow-full-list-of-countries-participating-debutants-gabon-togo-india/article71210222.ece |access-date=20 July 2026 |website=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna shiga [[Kamaru]] na takwas a wasannin, bayan da ya fara bugawa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998. King's Baton relay ya tsaya a Kamaru a watan Yulin 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=King's Baton Relay: Cameroon |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/kings-baton-relay/route/4340969/cameroon |access-date=2 July 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> Kungiyar Kamaru da farko ta kunshi 'yan wasa 24 da ke fafatawa a wasanni hudu. Koyaya ƙungiyar dambe ta janye daga wasannin saboda matsalolin cikin gida tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kwallon Kwando ta Kamaru. Wannan yana nufin an rage girman ƙungiyar zuwa 'yan wasa 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2026 |title=Boxing withdrawal leaves Cameroon leaning on four sports at Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.stopblablacam.com/society/2707-16556-boxing-withdrawal-leaves-cameroon-leaning-on-four-sports-at-commonwealth-games |access-date=9 August 2026 |website=StopBlaBlaCam}}</ref> Mai tsere Nora Monie ita ce mai ɗaukar tutar ƙasar a lokacin bikin buɗewa. <ref name="cer">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Glasgow 2026 : Le Cameroun entame sa campagne |trans-title=Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games: Cameroon begins its campaign |url=https://seasonmedia.net/commonwealth-glasgow-2026-le-cameroun-entame-sa-campagne/ |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Season Media |language=fr}}</ref> A halin yanzu, mai ɗaukar nauyi Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu shine mai ɗaukar sandar a lokacin bikin buɗewa.<ref name="cer" /> Emmanuel Eseme ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasar, zinariya a tseren mita 100 na maza, ya karya rikodin wasannin da rikodin ƙasa a cikin tsari. Gabaɗaya ƙungiyar Kamaru ta lashe lambobin yabo biyar, zinariya ɗaya, azurfa ɗaya da tagulla uku. Wannan ya sanya kasar a matsayi na 16 a kan teburin lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa == Wadannan sune jerin adadin masu fafatawa da ke shiga wasannin ta hanyar wasanni / horo. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" width="120" |Wasanni ! width="55" |Maza ! width="55" |Mata ! width="55" |Jimillar |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Wasanni |6 |4 |10 |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Judo |2 |3 |5 |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |Ɗauki nauyi |Don ɗaga wutar lantarki |1 |2 |3 |- |Ɗauki nauyi |2 |0 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !11 !9 !20 |} == Wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa na Kamaru masu zuwa sun lashe lambobin yabo a wasannin. A cikin sassan horo da ke ƙasa, sunayen masu lambar yabo suna da ƙuƙwalwa. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Medal !Sunan !Wasanni !Abin da ya faru !Ranar !Tabbacin. |- |{{Gold medal}} |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] |Wasanni |mita 100 na maza |28 ga Yuli | align="center" | |- |{{Silver medal}} |Richelle Soppi Mbella |Judo |Mata +78 kg |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" | |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Marie-Céline Baba Matia]] |Judo |52 kg na mata |31 ga Yuli | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Cedric Lekezo Azamdzi]] |Wasanni (para) |Shirin maza (F57) |1 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Franck Tahman Zan]] |Judo |100 kg na maza |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |} Kamaru ta shigar da 'yan wasa goma (maza shida da mata hudu). ; Abubuwan da suka faru {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semifinal ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |'''[[Emmanuel Eseme]]''' | rowspan="2" align="left" |100 m na maza|colspan=2 {{N/a|bye}} |9.89 |1 Ka yi tambaya'''Q''' |9.83 | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne|colspan=6 {{N/a|Did not start}} |- | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |200 m na maza | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Linda Angounou | align="left" |Matsakaicin mata na mita 400 | ||colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru a filin ; Maza {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |cancanta ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Tsakanin !Matsayi !Tsakanin !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsawon tsalle |7.57 |13|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Appolinaire Yinra|Yinra mai amfani da appolina]] |7.27 |15|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Derick Gama]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsalle sau uku | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Cédric Lekezo Azamdzi]] | align="left" |Shot sanya F57|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |- | align="left" |[[Lucien Wangba]] | align="left" |Fitar da faifai|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru - Heptathlon {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !{{Tooltip|100H|100 m hurdles}} !{{Tooltip|HJ|High jump}} !{{Tooltip|SP|Shot put}} !200 m !{{Tooltip|LJ|Long jump}} !{{Tooltip|JT|Javelin throw}} !800 m !Ƙarshe !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Adèle Mafogang]] ! style="font-size:95%" |Sakamakon | | | | | | | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | |- ! style="font-size:95%" |Abubuwa | | | | | | | |} == Judo == Kamaru ta shiga judoka biyar (maza biyu da mata uku). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru !Zagaye na 16 !Wasanni na kusa da na karshe !Semifinals !Maimaitawa ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe / {{Tooltip|BM|Bronze Medal}} |- style="font-size:95%" !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Vladimir Ngueya Naheu]] | align="left" |90 kg na maza |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Frederick_Harris_(judoka)" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick Harris (judoka)">Harris W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Frederick Harris (judoka)|Harris]]|SLE|2026}}<br /> |Fita L 000s2-001s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Rémi Feuillet|Feuillet]]|MRI|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} | L 000s3-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Jamal Petgrave|Petgrave]]|ENG|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Franck Tahman Zan]]''' | align="left" |100 kg na maza|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Georgios Kroussaniotakis"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Georgios_Kroussaniotakis?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Georgios Kroussaniotakis" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Kroussaniotakis</nowiki> L 002s3-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Georgios Kroussaniotakis|Kroussaniotakis]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Abdourahman Ceesay"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Abdourahman_Ceesay?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abdourahman Ceesay" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Ceesay</nowiki> W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Abdourahman Ceesay|Ceesay]]|GAM|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Oliver Barratt"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Oliver_Barratt?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oliver Barratt" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Barratt</nowiki> W 100s1-001s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Oliver Barratt|Barratt]]|WAL|2026}}<br /> | |- | colspan="9" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Marie Baba Matia]]''' | align="left" |52 kg na mata |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Cinthya Badru"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Cinthya_Badru?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cinthya Badru" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Cinthya Badru</nowiki> W 100s1-000s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Cinthya Badru]]|MOZ|2026}}<br /> | L 001-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sofia Asvesta]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |Rioux <span about="#m<b id=" mwahe="">W" data-ve-ignore="" id="mwAg8" style="font-size:90%;"> ([[Mauritius at the 2026 Commonwealth Games|MRI]]) </span> W 100s2-000s3{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Marie Sylva Rioux|Rioux]]|MRI|2026}}<br /> |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Tinka_Easton" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tinka Easton">Easton W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Tinka Easton|Easton]]|AUS|2026}}<br /> | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Georgika Djengue Moune]] | align="left" |Kwararrun mata 78|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Zanet Michaelidou"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Zanet_Michaelidou?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zanet Michaelidou" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Michaelidou</nowiki> L 000s2-101s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Zanet Michaelidou|Michaelidou]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Ishroop Narang"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Ishroop_Narang?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ishroop Narang" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Narang</nowiki> L 002s1-010s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Ishroop Narang|Narang]]|IND|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''Richelle Soppi Mbella''' | align="left" |Mata +78 kg|{{bye}} |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Gabriella_Wood" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gabriella Wood">Itace W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Gabriella Wood|Wood]]|TTO|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Karra Hanna"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Karra_Hanna?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karra Hanna" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Hanna</nowiki> W 101-000s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Karra Hanna|Hanna]]|BAH|2026}}<br />|{{bye}} | L 000-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sydnee Andrews|Andrews]]|NZL|2026}}<br /> | |} == Ma'auni == Kamaru ta cancanci maza biyu masu ɗaga nauyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=IWF Commonwealth Ranking List Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games Men |url=https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2026/05/IWF-Commonwealth-Ranking-Lists_Final_MEN-as-of-26-May-2026.pdf |access-date=27 May 2026 |website=www.iwf.sport |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]}}</ref> '''Maza''' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="2" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Jimillar (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Matsayi |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Daniel Onana Tanga]] | align="left" |94 kg |147 |6 |187 |3 |334 |4 |- | align="left" |Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu | align="left" |110 kg|colspan=2 {{N/a|{{abbrv|NM|No Mark}}}}|colspan=4 {{N/a|{{abbrv|DNF|Did not finish}}}} |} === Don ɗaga wutar lantarki === Kamaru ta cancanci masu ɗagawa uku (mutum ɗaya da mata biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2026 |title=Jeux du Commonwealth : le Cameroun aligne six disciplines à Glasgow |trans-title=Commonwealth Games: Cameroon enters six sports in Glasgow |url=https://www.237online.com/cameroun-jeux-commonwealth-glasgow/ |access-date=10 July 2026 |website=www.237online.com |language=fr}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Balinga Manga]] | align="left" |Nauyin maza mai sauƙi |103.9 |10 |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Suzanne Menye M'eto]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata masu sauƙi |87.9 |8 |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Thamar Mengue]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata |93.8 |5 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.glasgow2026.com/teams/cameroon Kamaru] a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Wasannin Commonwealth na Glasgow 2026]] [[Rukuni:CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)]] rjejhi31bv0161d34pftex4xdr3yf5q 915461 915460 2026-09-03T12:53:33Z Gwanki 3834 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 915461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{smalldiv|1=;Key Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only. *'''Q''' = Qualified for the next round *'''q''' = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser ''or'', in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target}}<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>'''Kamaru''' ta fafata a '''Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026''' a [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Commonwealth Sport Nations and Territories |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/nations |access-date=23 May 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com/ |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Games 2026: Full list of countries participating in Glasgow edition; Gabon and Togo set for debut |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/commonwealth-games/commonwealth-games-2026-cwg-glasgow-full-list-of-countries-participating-debutants-gabon-togo-india/article71210222.ece |access-date=20 July 2026 |website=[[Sportstar]] |publisher=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Wannan ya nuna shiga [[Kamaru]] na takwas a wasannin, bayan da ya fara bugawa a Wasannin Commonwealth na 1998. King's Baton relay ya tsaya a Kamaru a watan Yulin 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=King's Baton Relay: Cameroon |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/kings-baton-relay/route/4340969/cameroon |access-date=2 July 2026 |website=www.commonwealthsport.com |publisher=[[Commonwealth Sport]]}}</ref> Kungiyar Kamaru da farko ta kunshi 'yan wasa 24 da ke fafatawa a wasanni hudu. Koyaya ƙungiyar dambe ta janye daga wasannin saboda matsalolin cikin gida tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kwallon Kwando ta Kamaru. Wannan yana nufin an rage girman ƙungiyar zuwa 'yan wasa 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2026 |title=Boxing withdrawal leaves Cameroon leaning on four sports at Commonwealth Games |url=https://www.stopblablacam.com/society/2707-16556-boxing-withdrawal-leaves-cameroon-leaning-on-four-sports-at-commonwealth-games |access-date=9 August 2026 |website=StopBlaBlaCam}}</ref> Mai tsere Nora Monie ita ce mai ɗaukar tutar ƙasar a lokacin bikin buɗewa. <ref name="cer">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2026 |title=Commonwealth Glasgow 2026 : Le Cameroun entame sa campagne |trans-title=Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games: Cameroon begins its campaign |url=https://seasonmedia.net/commonwealth-glasgow-2026-le-cameroun-entame-sa-campagne/ |access-date=24 July 2026 |website=Season Media |language=fr}}</ref> A halin yanzu, mai ɗaukar nauyi Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu shine mai ɗaukar sandar a lokacin bikin buɗewa.<ref name="cer" /> Emmanuel Eseme ya lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasar, zinariya a tseren mita 100 na maza, ya karya rikodin wasannin da rikodin ƙasa a cikin tsari. Gabaɗaya ƙungiyar Kamaru ta lashe lambobin yabo biyar, zinariya ɗaya, azurfa ɗaya da tagulla uku. Wannan ya sanya kasar a matsayi na 16 a kan teburin lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa == Wadannan sune jerin adadin masu fafatawa da ke shiga wasannin ta hanyar wasanni / horo. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="2" width="120" |Wasanni ! width="55" |Maza ! width="55" |Mata ! width="55" |Jimillar |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Wasanni |6 |4 |10 |- | colspan="2" align="left" |Judo |2 |3 |5 |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |Ɗauki nauyi |Don ɗaga wutar lantarki |1 |2 |3 |- |Ɗauki nauyi |2 |0 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !11 !9 !20 |} == Wadanda suka lashe lambar yabo == Masu fafatawa na Kamaru masu zuwa sun lashe lambobin yabo a wasannin. A cikin sassan horo da ke ƙasa, sunayen masu lambar yabo suna da ƙuƙwalwa. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Medal !Sunan !Wasanni !Abin da ya faru !Ranar !Tabbacin. |- |{{Gold medal}} |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] |Wasanni |mita 100 na maza |28 ga Yuli | align="center" | |- |{{Silver medal}} |Richelle Soppi Mbella |Judo |Mata +78 kg |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" | |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Marie-Céline Baba Matia]] |Judo |52 kg na mata |31 ga Yuli | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Cedric Lekezo Azamdzi]] |Wasanni (para) |Shirin maza (F57) |1 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |- |{{Bronze medal}} |[[Franck Tahman Zan]] |Judo |100 kg na maza |2 ga watan Agusta | align="center" |<ref name="d" /> |} Kamaru ta shigar da 'yan wasa goma (maza shida da mata hudu). ; Abubuwan da suka faru {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Zafin zafi ! colspan="2" |Semifinal ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |'''[[Emmanuel Eseme]]''' | rowspan="2" align="left" |100 m na maza|colspan=2 {{N/a|bye}} |9.89 |1 Ka yi tambaya'''Q''' |9.83 | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne|colspan=6 {{N/a|Did not start}} |- | align="left" |[[Emmanuel Eseme]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |200 m na maza | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Claude Itoungue Bongogne | | | | | | |- | align="left" |Linda Angounou | align="left" |Matsakaicin mata na mita 400 | ||colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru a filin ; Maza {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |cancanta ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe |- style="font-size:95%" !Tsakanin !Matsayi !Tsakanin !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsawon tsalle |7.57 |13|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Appolinaire Yinra|Yinra mai amfani da appolina]] |7.27 |15|colspan=2 {{N/a|Did not advance}} |- | align="left" |[[Derick Gama]] | rowspan="2" align="left" |Tsalle sau uku | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Raymond Nkwemy Tchomfa]] | | | | |- | align="left" |[[Cédric Lekezo Azamdzi]] | align="left" |Shot sanya F57|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |- | align="left" |[[Lucien Wangba]] | align="left" |Fitar da faifai|colspan=2{{N/a}} | | |} ; Abubuwan da suka faru - Heptathlon {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !{{Tooltip|100H|100 m hurdles}} !{{Tooltip|HJ|High jump}} !{{Tooltip|SP|Shot put}} !200 m !{{Tooltip|LJ|Long jump}} !{{Tooltip|JT|Javelin throw}} !800 m !Ƙarshe !Matsayi |- | rowspan="2" align="left" |[[Adèle Mafogang]] ! style="font-size:95%" |Sakamakon | | | | | | | | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" | |- ! style="font-size:95%" |Abubuwa | | | | | | | |} == Judo == Kamaru ta shiga judoka biyar (maza biyu da mata uku). {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru !Zagaye na 16 !Wasanni na kusa da na karshe !Semifinals !Maimaitawa ! colspan="2" |Ƙarshe / {{Tooltip|BM|Bronze Medal}} |- style="font-size:95%" !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Hamayya Sakamakon<br /> !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Vladimir Ngueya Naheu]] | align="left" |90 kg na maza |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Frederick_Harris_(judoka)" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick Harris (judoka)">Harris W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Frederick Harris (judoka)|Harris]]|SLE|2026}}<br /> |Fita L 000s2-001s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Rémi Feuillet|Feuillet]]|MRI|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} | L 000s3-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Jamal Petgrave|Petgrave]]|ENG|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Franck Tahman Zan]]''' | align="left" |100 kg na maza|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Georgios Kroussaniotakis"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Georgios_Kroussaniotakis?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Georgios Kroussaniotakis" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Kroussaniotakis</nowiki> L 002s3-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Georgios Kroussaniotakis|Kroussaniotakis]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Abdourahman Ceesay"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Abdourahman_Ceesay?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Abdourahman Ceesay" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Ceesay</nowiki> W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Abdourahman Ceesay|Ceesay]]|GAM|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Oliver Barratt"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Oliver_Barratt?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Oliver Barratt" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Barratt</nowiki> W 100s1-001s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Oliver Barratt|Barratt]]|WAL|2026}}<br /> | |- | colspan="9" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |'''[[Marie Baba Matia]]''' | align="left" |52 kg na mata |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Cinthya Badru"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Cinthya_Badru?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cinthya Badru" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Cinthya Badru</nowiki> W 100s1-000s2{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Cinthya Badru]]|MOZ|2026}}<br /> | L 001-100s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sofia Asvesta]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |Rioux <span about="#m<b id=" mwahe="">W" data-ve-ignore="" id="mwAg8" style="font-size:90%;"> ([[Mauritius at the 2026 Commonwealth Games|MRI]]) </span> W 100s2-000s3{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Marie Sylva Rioux|Rioux]]|MRI|2026}}<br /> |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Tinka_Easton" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Tinka Easton">Easton W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Tinka Easton|Easton]]|AUS|2026}}<br /> | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Georgika Djengue Moune]] | align="left" |Kwararrun mata 78|{{bye}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Zanet Michaelidou"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Zanet_Michaelidou?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Zanet Michaelidou" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Michaelidou</nowiki> L 000s2-101s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Zanet Michaelidou|Michaelidou]]|CYP|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |<nowiki>L="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Ishroop Narang"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Ishroop_Narang?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ishroop Narang" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Narang</nowiki> L 002s1-010s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Ishroop Narang|Narang]]|IND|2026}}<br />|{{N/a|Did not advance}} |7 |- align="center" | align="left" |'''Richelle Soppi Mbella''' | align="left" |Mata +78 kg|{{bye}} |W" data-ve-ignore="" href="./Gabriella_Wood" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gabriella Wood">Itace W 100-000{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Gabriella Wood|Wood]]|TTO|2026}}<br /> |<nowiki>W" class="new" data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Karra Hanna"]}}' data-ve-ignore="" href="./Karra_Hanna?action=edit&redlink=1" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Karra Hanna" typeof="mw:LocalizedAttrs">Hanna</nowiki> W 101-000s1{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Karra Hanna|Hanna]]|BAH|2026}}<br />|{{bye}} | L 000-100{{FlagCGFathlete|[[Sydnee Andrews|Andrews]]|NZL|2026}}<br /> | |} == Ma'auni == Kamaru ta cancanci maza biyu masu ɗaga nauyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2026 |title=IWF Commonwealth Ranking List Glasgow 2026 Commonwealth Games Men |url=https://iwf.sport/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2026/05/IWF-Commonwealth-Ranking-Lists_Final_MEN-as-of-26-May-2026.pdf |access-date=27 May 2026 |website=www.iwf.sport |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation]]}}</ref> '''Maza''' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Mai tsere ! rowspan="2" |Abin da ya faru ! colspan="2" |Rashin jaraba (kg) ! colspan="2" |Tsabtace & Jerk (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Jimillar (kg) ! rowspan="2" |Matsayi |- style="font-size:95%" !Sakamakon !Matsayi !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- | align="left" |[[Daniel Onana Tanga]] | align="left" |94 kg |147 |6 |187 |3 |334 |4 |- | align="left" |Junior Ngadja Nyabeyeu | align="left" |110 kg|colspan=2 {{N/a|{{abbrv|NM|No Mark}}}}|colspan=4 {{N/a|{{abbrv|DNF|Did not finish}}}} |} === Don ɗaga wutar lantarki === Kamaru ta cancanci masu ɗagawa uku (mutum ɗaya da mata biyu).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2026 |title=Jeux du Commonwealth : le Cameroun aligne six disciplines à Glasgow |trans-title=Commonwealth Games: Cameroon enters six sports in Glasgow |url=https://www.237online.com/cameroun-jeux-commonwealth-glasgow/ |access-date=10 July 2026 |website=www.237online.com |language=fr}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center" !Mai tsere !Abin da ya faru !Sakamakon !Matsayi |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Balinga Manga]] | align="left" |Nauyin maza mai sauƙi |103.9 |10 |- | colspan="4" bgcolor="cfcfcf" | |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Suzanne Menye M'eto]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata masu sauƙi |87.9 |8 |- align="center" | align="left" |[[Thamar Mengue]] | align="left" |Nauyin mata |93.8 |5 |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.glasgow2026.com/teams/cameroon Kamaru] a [[Wasannin Commonwealth na 2026|Wasannin Commonwealth na Glasgow 2026]] [[Rukuni:CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)]] 7v88pffewquz8zatiqcyiej4vs1myzk 0 166218 915463 2026-09-03T12:58:06Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372807133|International Tennis Hall of Fame]]" 915463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya''' yana cikin birnin Newport, Rhode Island, Amurka. Yana girmama 'yan wasa da sauran masu ba da gudummawa ga wasan [[tennis]] . Wannan rukunin gidajen caca, tsohon gidan caca na Newport, ya haɗa da gidan tarihi, filayen wasan tennis 13 masu ciyawa, wurin wasan tennis na cikin gida tare da filayen wasa uku, filayen wasa uku masu ƙarfi a waje, filin wasa ɗaya mai launin kore, wurin wasan tennis na kotu, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Duniya ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da burin kiyayewa, yin biki, da kuma ƙarfafa gwiwar wasannin tennis a faɗin duniya. Wurin shine ainihin wurin da aka kafa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta Amurka (wanda yanzu ake kira US Open ), wanda aka kafa a 1881. Tun daga shekarar 1976, wannan rukunin ya karbi bakuncin taron Hall of Fame Open, taron maza, kowace shekara a watan Yuli, tare da ƙara taron mata tun daga shekarar 2025. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:ITHF_courtyard_-_straight_on.png|left|thumb|267x267px| Farfajiyar ciki, filin wasan ƙwallon dawaki, da kuma hasumiyar agogo ta gidan caca na Newport, gidan da ake kira International Tennis Hall of Fame.]] Zauren shahara da gidan tarihi yana cikin gidan caca na Newport, wanda James Gordon Bennett Jr. ya ƙaddamar a shekarar 1879 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wurin shakatawa na musamman ga masu kuɗi mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara. Charles McKim tare da Stanford White ne suka tsara shi, wanda ya yi aikin cikin ginin. Misali ne na tsarin gine-ginen Victorian Shingle . A shekara ta 1881, an gina Real Tennis Court (wanda ke dauke da National Tennis Club ) da kuma Casino Theatre a gabashin harabar makarantar. An buɗe ƙungiyar a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1880, bayan tsawon watanni shida na gininta kuma nan da nan ta zama wuri mai kyau ga mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Lawn ta Amurka ta gudanar da gasar farko a gidan caca ta Newport a shekarar 1881. Ana gudanar da taron ne duk shekara har zuwa shekarar 1914, wanda a lokacin wasan tennis ya zama babban abin jan hankali a wurin shakatawa. An dakatar da gasar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Amma a shekarun 1950, koma-baya ta fara fuskantar ƙalubale a fannin kuɗi, yayin da sha'awar yawon buɗe ido ta canza. Yana cikin haɗarin rushewa don sake gina shagunan zamani, amma Jimmy da Candy Van Alen, masu arziki mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara, sun sayi ginin kuma sun ceci shi. A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, a shekarar 1954, Jimmy Van Alen ya kafa Babban Dakin Wasannin Tennis na Kasa na Shahararru da Gidan Tarihi a Gidan Caca. <ref name="GeneralInfo">{{Cite web |title=General Information |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/about-us |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> Haɗa wasannin tennis da gidan tarihi ya ba da damar ceton ginin. Van Alen ya yi niyyar wurin ya zama "wurin ibada ga manufofin wasan", kuma an zaɓe shi shugaban zauren a shekarar 1957. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Amurka ta amince da Zauren Wasan Tennis na Ƙasa na Lawn Hall of Fame a hukumance bayan kafa shi a shekarar 1954. A shekarar 1976, ƙungiyar ta zama Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya. Hukumar Tennis ta Duniya ta amince da ita a shekarar 1986. An fara gabatar da membobin farko na Hall of Fame a shekarar 1955; har zuwa shekarar 2023, an amince da jimillar waɗanda aka zaɓa 262 daga ƙasashe 27. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tennis Hall of Fame |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/eligibility-voting-process/ |website=Eligibility Process for the International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, an naɗa Martina Hingis a matsayin Jakadiyar Duniya ta farko a Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya. A shekarar 2016, an naɗa Guga Kuerten jakadan duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title="Guga Kuerten Named Global Ambassador for International Tennis Hall of Fame" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2016/6/guga-kuerten-named-global-ambassador-for-international-tennis-hall-of-fame |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 2017 an naɗa Michael Chang jakadan duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title="Michael Chang Named Hall of Fame Global Ambassador" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2017/10/michael-chang-named-hall-of-fame-global-ambassador |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Hukumar Gwamnonin da ke kan gaba a yanzu ta haɗa da tsoffin 'yan wasan tennis na ƙwararru Kim Clijsters (Shugaba Mai Girma), Patrick McEnroe (Shugaba), Gigi Fernández, Katrina Adams, da Vijay Amritraj . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/about/leadership |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> == Gidan Tarihi == [[Fayil:ITHF_Bellevue_Entrance.jpg|thumb| Shigar da Hall of Fame a Bellevue Ave.]] Gidan adana kayan tarihi yana ba da tarihin wasanni tun daga ƙarni na 12 har zuwa zamanin yau. Tarin kayan tarihi na dindindin ya ƙunshi kusan abubuwa 30,000, ciki har da kayan wasan tennis na zamani da na tarihi, zane-zane masu kyau, zane-zanen ado, kayan tarihi daga Hall of Famers da sauran manyan mutane a cikin wasanni, kofuna, yadi da tufafi, kayan ado na zamani, da kayan daki. Cibiyar Binciken Bayanai ta gidan tarihi (IRC) tana ɗauke da littattafai 5,000, kayan sauti 3,000+, hotuna miliyan 1 sama da haka, da kuma tarin mujallu, shirye-shirye, mujallu, zane-zane da kayan tarihi. Ana nuna tarin kayan a duk shekara a cikin gidan kayan tarihi mai {{Convert|13000|sqft|m2}} na sararin nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Permanent Collections |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/museum-and-grounds/collections |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108181157/http://www.tennisfame.com/museum-and-grounds/collections |archive-date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> Gidan kayan tarihi kuma yana ba da nunin kayan tarihi da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-01 |title=Digital Exhibits |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/digitalexhibits |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> === Gyaran 2015 === An sake buɗe gidan tarihi a watan Mayu na shekarar 2015 bayan an yi masa kwaskwarima kusan gaba ɗaya a wuraren baje kolinsa. Gidajen tarihi da aka sake fasalta kuma aka sake fassara su sun ƙunshi sama da murabba'in ƙafa 12,000 na nunin faifai masu hulɗa, bidiyo, da kuma kusan kayan tarihi 2,000 da suka shafi tarihin wasan tennis da zakarun da suka gabata da na yanzu. Da farko an amince da gidan tarihin a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar American Alliance of Museums a shekarar 2013, sannan daga baya aka sake amincewa da shi a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title="ITHF Reaccreditated by the American Alliance of Museum" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/AAM-accreditation |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Gidan tarihin ya zama Kamfanin Smithsonian a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-18 |title="International Tennis Hall of Fame Earns Prestigious Smithsonian Institution Affiliation" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2017/5/international-tennis-hall-of-fame-earns-prestigious-smithsonian-institution-affiliation |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Gidan tarihin kuma abokin tarayya ne na shirin Google Arts &amp;amp; Culture . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tennis Hall of Fame, Newport, United States |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/international-tennis-hall-of-fame |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref> === Gyaran 2025 === A watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, gidan tarihi ya bayyana sabon salo bayan an yi masa kwaskwarima mai yawa na dala miliyan 3. <ref name="Dunning" /> An sabunta tsoffin kayan tarihi, an ƙara kayan tarihi masu hulɗa, sannan aka gabatar da sabon "Hall of Famers Gallery". <ref name="Dunning" /> Gidan adana kayan tarihi na HOF yana da raket na ƙarfe da aka yi da siminti wanda ke wakiltar kowanne daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa a matsayin 270 na Hall of Fim. == Kyaututtuka == Domin bayanin kowace kyauta da kuma jerin waɗanda suka karɓi kyautar, duba ƙasan bayanin kula <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/news-events/awards |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> * Kyautar Shugaba * Kyautar Kofin Davis ta Kyau * Kyautar Eugene L. Scott * Kyautar Kofin Fed na Kyau * Kyautar Nasarar Zinare * Kyauta ta 3 ga Joseph F. Cullman * Kyautar Samuel Hardy * Kyautar Ilimin Tennis == Zauren Shahararru A Buɗe == Hall of Fame tana karbar bakuncin gasa da dama, ciki har da Hall of Fame Open a watan Yuli. Gasar Hall of Fame Open wani bangare ne na gasar US Open Series, kuma kasancewarta wani bangare ne na gasar ATP World Tour ta maza, gasar ita ce kawai gasar filin ciyawa a Arewacin Amurka. Manyan 'yan wasa maza suna zuwa Newport kai tsaye daga Wimbledon don fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Van Alen a zauren shahararriyar gasar Tennis ta duniya. Zakarun da suka gabata sun haɗa da Amurkawa John Isner (4× Hall of Fame Open Champion) da Mardy Fish, wanda ya lashe gasar sau biyu Fabrice Santoro na Faransa, da kuma Lleyton Hewitt na Ostiraliya. A lokacin gasar, an gabatar da Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a hukumance a gaban dangi, abokai, magoya baya, da sauran membobin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis.<gallery> Fayil:ITHF_Arcade_1.jpg|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame| Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya Fayil:ITHF_courtyard.jpg|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame| Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya Fayil:ITHF_front_lawn_courts.jpg|alt=Front Lawn courts with indoor tennis club and outdoor hard courts in background.| Filin wasa na gaba tare da kulob ɗin wasan tennis na cikin gida da kuma filayen wasa masu ƙarfi na waje a bango. Fayil:ITHF_clocktower_&_Fred.png|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame (Fred Perry sculpture in foreground)| Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya (wanda aka sassaka a gaba da Fred Perry ) </gallery> == Membobi == [[Fayil:Hall_of_Famers_Gallery_at_the_International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame.jpg|thumb| Hotunan Zauren Fitattun Mutane]] Ana ɗaukar shigar da mutum cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a matsayin babban abin girmamawa a wasan tennis. Yana wakiltar jimillar nasarorin da gudummawar mutum a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci da kuma sauyi a tarihin wasan tennis. Akwai matakai bakwai da za a shigar a cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis. Dole ne a zaɓi ɗan wasa ko mai ba da gudummawa don a shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar, sannan kwamitin kula da harkokin ƙasa ya sake duba cancantarsa. Da zarar an yanke shawara ko sun cancanta, kwamitin zai sake duba ko masu kada kuri'a za su yi la'akari da wanda aka zaba. Bayan an yi bita, za a fara kada kuri'a; za a yi zaben rukuni da na magoya baya. Dole ne wanda aka zaɓa ya sami aƙalla kashi 75% daga sakamakon Ƙungiyar Zaɓe ta Hukuma ko kuma jimillar jimillar kashi 75% ko fiye daga sakamakon Ƙungiyar Zaɓe ta Hukuma da kuma duk wani kaso na ƙarin maki da ya samu ta hanyar Kuri'ar Masoya. Wani kamfanin lissafin kuɗi mai zaman kansa ne ke tattara ƙuri'un. Za a sanar da fara karatun a watan Janairu, kuma za a shigar da sabon ajin cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a watan Yuli a Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya. Baya ga masu ba da gudummawa, an raba 'yan wasa zuwa rukuni uku: 'Yan wasan Masters, 'Yan wasan, da 'Yan wasan Kwanan nan. Bugu da ƙari, Wasan Tennis na Kekunan Guragu yana da nasu rukuni a cikin 'Yan wasa. == Jakadan Duniya == An nada 'yan wasa uku a matsayin "Jakadun Duniya" don Zauren Shahararru: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Suna ! Ƙasa ! Shekarar da aka naɗa ! class="unsortable" | Ref. |- | Hingis, Martina |{{Flagu|Switzerland}} | 2015 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martina Hingis named Global Ambassador for the International Tennis Hall of Fame |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2015/6/martina-hingis-named-global-ambassador-for-the-international-tennis-hall-of-fame/ |website=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> |- | Kuerten, Gustavo |{{Flagu|Brazil}} | 2016 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuerten named Global Ambassador for Hall of Fame |url=http://www.itftennis.com/news/230779.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113174141/http://www.itftennis.com/news/230779.aspx |archive-date=2017-11-13 |access-date=2016-09-10 |website=International Tennis Federation}}</ref> |- | Chang, Michael |{{Flagu|USA}} | 2017 | |- |} == Nassoshi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> * {{Official website|http://www.tennisfame.com/}} * [http://www.cnicholson.com/Clips/HOF.htm 11 Intriguing Items at the International Tennis Hall of Fame] article * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024043919/http://madeinatlantis.com/tennis/tennis_hall_fame.htm International Tennis Hall of Fame] article * [https://www.tennisfame.com/digitalexhibits International Tennis Hall of Fame digital exhibits] * [https://www.halloffameopen.com/ Hall of Fame Open] Archived 2018-04-02 at the Wayback Machine [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f7g8x68ffb0b333hvjzwnno1q2yl18x 915464 915463 2026-09-03T12:59:05Z Sirjat 20447 915464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya''' yana cikin birnin Newport, Rhode Island, Amurka. Yana girmama 'yan wasa da sauran masu ba da gudummawa ga wasan [[tennis]] . Wannan rukunin gidajen caca, tsohon gidan caca na Newport, ya haɗa da gidan tarihi, filayen wasan tennis 13 masu ciyawa, wurin wasan tennis na cikin gida tare da filayen wasa uku, filayen wasa uku masu ƙarfi a waje, filin wasa ɗaya mai launin kore, wurin wasan tennis na kotu, da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Duniya ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta da ke da burin kiyayewa, yin biki, da kuma ƙarfafa gwiwar wasannin tennis a faɗin duniya. Wurin shine ainihin wurin da aka kafa Gasar Cin Kofin Ƙasa ta Amurka (wanda yanzu ake kira US Open ), wanda aka kafa a 1881. Tun daga shekarar 1976, wannan rukunin ya karbi bakuncin taron Hall of Fame Open, taron maza, kowace shekara a watan Yuli, tare da ƙara taron mata tun daga shekarar 2025. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:ITHF_courtyard_-_straight_on.png|left|thumb|267x267px| Farfajiyar ciki, filin wasan ƙwallon dawaki, da kuma hasumiyar agogo ta gidan caca na Newport, gidan da ake kira International Tennis Hall of Fame.]] Zauren shahara da gidan tarihi yana cikin gidan caca na Newport, wanda James Gordon Bennett Jr. ya ƙaddamar a shekarar 1879 a matsayin wani ɓangare na wurin shakatawa na musamman ga masu kuɗi mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara. Charles McKim tare da Stanford White ne suka tsara shi, wanda ya yi aikin cikin ginin. Misali ne na tsarin gine-ginen Victorian Shingle . A shekara ta 1881, an gina Real Tennis Court (wanda ke dauke da National Tennis Club ) da kuma Casino Theatre a gabashin harabar makarantar. An buɗe ƙungiyar a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1880, bayan tsawon watanni shida na gininta kuma nan da nan ta zama wuri mai kyau ga mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Lawn ta Amurka ta gudanar da gasar farko a gidan caca ta Newport a shekarar 1881. Ana gudanar da taron ne duk shekara har zuwa shekarar 1914, wanda a lokacin wasan tennis ya zama babban abin jan hankali a wurin shakatawa. An dakatar da gasar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya. Amma a shekarun 1950, koma-baya ta fara fuskantar ƙalubale a fannin kuɗi, yayin da sha'awar yawon buɗe ido ta canza. Yana cikin haɗarin rushewa don sake gina shagunan zamani, amma Jimmy da Candy Van Alen, masu arziki mazauna Newport na lokacin bazara, sun sayi ginin kuma sun ceci shi. A matsayinsa na ɗan wasa, a shekarar 1954, Jimmy Van Alen ya kafa Babban Dakin Wasannin Tennis na Kasa na Shahararru da Gidan Tarihi a Gidan Caca. <ref name="GeneralInfo">{{Cite web |title=General Information |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/about-us |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> Haɗa wasannin tennis da gidan tarihi ya ba da damar ceton ginin. Van Alen ya yi niyyar wurin ya zama "wurin ibada ga manufofin wasan", kuma an zaɓe shi shugaban zauren a shekarar 1957. Ƙungiyar Tennis ta Amurka ta amince da Zauren Wasan Tennis na Ƙasa na Lawn Hall of Fame a hukumance bayan kafa shi a shekarar 1954. A shekarar 1976, ƙungiyar ta zama Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya. Hukumar Tennis ta Duniya ta amince da ita a shekarar 1986. An fara gabatar da membobin farko na Hall of Fame a shekarar 1955; har zuwa shekarar 2023, an amince da jimillar waɗanda aka zaɓa 262 daga ƙasashe 27. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tennis Hall of Fame |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/hall-of-famers/eligibility-voting-process/ |website=Eligibility Process for the International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, an naɗa Martina Hingis a matsayin Jakadiyar Duniya ta farko a Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya. A shekarar 2016, an naɗa Guga Kuerten jakadan duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title="Guga Kuerten Named Global Ambassador for International Tennis Hall of Fame" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2016/6/guga-kuerten-named-global-ambassador-for-international-tennis-hall-of-fame |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> kuma a shekarar 2017 an naɗa Michael Chang jakadan duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-05 |title="Michael Chang Named Hall of Fame Global Ambassador" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2017/10/michael-chang-named-hall-of-fame-global-ambassador |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Hukumar Gwamnonin da ke kan gaba a yanzu ta haɗa da tsoffin 'yan wasan tennis na ƙwararru Kim Clijsters (Shugaba Mai Girma), Patrick McEnroe (Shugaba), Gigi Fernández, Katrina Adams, da Vijay Amritraj . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/about/leadership |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> == Gidan Tarihi == [[Fayil:ITHF_Bellevue_Entrance.jpg|thumb| Shigar da Hall of Fame a Bellevue Ave.]] Gidan adana kayan tarihi yana ba da tarihin wasanni tun daga ƙarni na 12 har zuwa zamanin yau. Tarin kayan tarihi na dindindin ya ƙunshi kusan abubuwa 30,000, ciki har da kayan wasan tennis na zamani da na tarihi, zane-zane masu kyau, zane-zanen ado, kayan tarihi daga Hall of Famers da sauran manyan mutane a cikin wasanni, kofuna, yadi da tufafi, kayan ado na zamani, da kayan daki. Cibiyar Binciken Bayanai ta gidan tarihi (IRC) tana ɗauke da littattafai 5,000, kayan sauti 3,000+, hotuna miliyan 1 sama da haka, da kuma tarin mujallu, shirye-shirye, mujallu, zane-zane da kayan tarihi. Ana nuna tarin kayan a duk shekara a cikin gidan kayan tarihi mai {{Convert|13000|sqft|m2}} na sararin nuni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Permanent Collections |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/museum-and-grounds/collections |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108181157/http://www.tennisfame.com/museum-and-grounds/collections |archive-date=November 8, 2011 |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> Gidan kayan tarihi kuma yana ba da nunin kayan tarihi da dama. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-01 |title=Digital Exhibits |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/digitalexhibits |access-date=August 16, 2022 |website=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> === Gyaran 2015 === An sake buɗe gidan tarihi a watan Mayu na shekarar 2015 bayan an yi masa kwaskwarima kusan gaba ɗaya a wuraren baje kolinsa. Gidajen tarihi da aka sake fasalta kuma aka sake fassara su sun ƙunshi sama da murabba'in ƙafa 12,000 na nunin faifai masu hulɗa, bidiyo, da kuma kusan kayan tarihi 2,000 da suka shafi tarihin wasan tennis da zakarun da suka gabata da na yanzu. Da farko an amince da gidan tarihin a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar American Alliance of Museums a shekarar 2013, sannan daga baya aka sake amincewa da shi a shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title="ITHF Reaccreditated by the American Alliance of Museum" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/AAM-accreditation |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Gidan tarihin ya zama Kamfanin Smithsonian a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-18 |title="International Tennis Hall of Fame Earns Prestigious Smithsonian Institution Affiliation" |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2017/5/international-tennis-hall-of-fame-earns-prestigious-smithsonian-institution-affiliation |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.tennisfame.com}}</ref> Gidan tarihin kuma abokin tarayya ne na shirin Google Arts &amp;amp; Culture . <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Tennis Hall of Fame, Newport, United States |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/international-tennis-hall-of-fame |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Google Arts & Culture}}</ref> === Gyaran 2025 === A watan Mayu na shekarar 2025, gidan tarihi ya bayyana sabon salo bayan an yi masa kwaskwarima mai yawa na dala miliyan 3. <ref name="Dunning" /> An sabunta tsoffin kayan tarihi, an ƙara kayan tarihi masu hulɗa, sannan aka gabatar da sabon "Hall of Famers Gallery". <ref name="Dunning" /> Gidan adana kayan tarihi na HOF yana da raket na ƙarfe da aka yi da siminti wanda ke wakiltar kowanne daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa a matsayin 270 na Hall of Fim. == Kyaututtuka == Domin bayanin kowace kyauta da kuma jerin waɗanda suka karɓi kyautar, duba ƙasan bayanin kula <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awards |url=http://www.tennisfame.com/news-events/awards |access-date=October 23, 2011 |publisher=International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum}}</ref> * Kyautar Shugaba * Kyautar Kofin Davis ta Kyau * Kyautar Eugene L. Scott * Kyautar Kofin Fed na Kyau * Kyautar Nasarar Zinare * Kyauta ta 3 ga Joseph F. Cullman * Kyautar Samuel Hardy * Kyautar Ilimin Tennis == Zauren Shahararru A Buɗe == Hall of Fame tana karbar bakuncin gasa da dama, ciki har da Hall of Fame Open a watan Yuli. Gasar Hall of Fame Open wani bangare ne na gasar US Open Series, kuma kasancewarta wani bangare ne na gasar ATP World Tour ta maza, gasar ita ce kawai gasar filin ciyawa a Arewacin Amurka. Manyan 'yan wasa maza suna zuwa Newport kai tsaye daga Wimbledon don fafatawa a gasar cin kofin Van Alen a zauren shahararriyar gasar Tennis ta duniya. Zakarun da suka gabata sun haɗa da Amurkawa John Isner (4× Hall of Fame Open Champion) da Mardy Fish, wanda ya lashe gasar sau biyu Fabrice Santoro na Faransa, da kuma Lleyton Hewitt na Ostiraliya. A lokacin gasar, an gabatar da Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a hukumance a gaban dangi, abokai, magoya baya, da sauran membobin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis.<gallery> Fayil:ITHF_Arcade_1.jpg|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame| Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya Fayil:ITHF_courtyard.jpg|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame| Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya Fayil:ITHF_front_lawn_courts.jpg|alt=Front Lawn courts with indoor tennis club and outdoor hard courts in background.| Filin wasa na gaba tare da kulob ɗin wasan tennis na cikin gida da kuma filayen wasa masu ƙarfi na waje a bango. Fayil:ITHF_clocktower_&_Fred.png|alt=International Tennis Hall of Fame (Fred Perry sculpture in foreground)| Zauren Wasannin Tennis na Duniya (wanda aka sassaka a gaba da Fred Perry ) </gallery> == Membobi == [[Fayil:Hall_of_Famers_Gallery_at_the_International_Tennis_Hall_of_Fame.jpg|thumb| Hotunan Zauren Fitattun Mutane]] Ana ɗaukar shigar da mutum cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a matsayin babban abin girmamawa a wasan tennis. Yana wakiltar jimillar nasarorin da gudummawar mutum a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci da kuma sauyi a tarihin wasan tennis. Akwai matakai bakwai da za a shigar a cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis. Dole ne a zaɓi ɗan wasa ko mai ba da gudummawa don a shigar da shi cikin ƙungiyar, sannan kwamitin kula da harkokin ƙasa ya sake duba cancantarsa. Da zarar an yanke shawara ko sun cancanta, kwamitin zai sake duba ko masu kada kuri'a za su yi la'akari da wanda aka zaba. Bayan an yi bita, za a fara kada kuri'a; za a yi zaben rukuni da na magoya baya. Dole ne wanda aka zaɓa ya sami aƙalla kashi 75% daga sakamakon Ƙungiyar Zaɓe ta Hukuma ko kuma jimillar jimillar kashi 75% ko fiye daga sakamakon Ƙungiyar Zaɓe ta Hukuma da kuma duk wani kaso na ƙarin maki da ya samu ta hanyar Kuri'ar Masoya. Wani kamfanin lissafin kuɗi mai zaman kansa ne ke tattara ƙuri'un. Za a sanar da fara karatun a watan Janairu, kuma za a shigar da sabon ajin cikin Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis a watan Yuli a Zauren Fina-Finan Tennis na Duniya. Baya ga masu ba da gudummawa, an raba 'yan wasa zuwa rukuni uku: 'Yan wasan Masters, 'Yan wasan, da 'Yan wasan Kwanan nan. Bugu da ƙari, Wasan Tennis na Kekunan Guragu yana da nasu rukuni a cikin 'Yan wasa. == Jakadan Duniya == An nada 'yan wasa uku a matsayin "Jakadun Duniya" don Zauren Shahararru: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Suna ! Ƙasa ! Shekarar da aka naɗa ! class="unsortable" | Ref. |- | Hingis, Martina |{{Flagu|Switzerland}} | 2015 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Martina Hingis named Global Ambassador for the International Tennis Hall of Fame |url=https://www.tennisfame.com/blog/2015/6/martina-hingis-named-global-ambassador-for-the-international-tennis-hall-of-fame/ |website=International Tennis Hall of Fame}}</ref> |- | Kuerten, Gustavo |{{Flagu|Brazil}} | 2016 | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuerten named Global Ambassador for Hall of Fame |url=http://www.itftennis.com/news/230779.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113174141/http://www.itftennis.com/news/230779.aspx |archive-date=2017-11-13 |access-date=2016-09-10 |website=International Tennis Federation}}</ref> |- | Chang, Michael |{{Flagu|USA}} | 2017 | |- |} == Nassoshi == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.tennisfame.com/}} * [http://www.cnicholson.com/Clips/HOF.htm 11 Intriguing Items at the International Tennis Hall of Fame] article * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024043919/http://madeinatlantis.com/tennis/tennis_hall_fame.htm International Tennis Hall of Fame] article * [https://www.tennisfame.com/digitalexhibits International Tennis Hall of Fame digital exhibits] * [https://www.halloffameopen.com/ Hall of Fame Open] Archived 2018-04-02 at the Wayback Machine [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2bbx35rkpcnj3pkpn0kac10oep4s9gq 0 166219 915473 2026-09-03T13:09:28Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345141706|Bob Allen Women's Player of the Year Award]]" 915473 wikitext text/x-wiki Ana ba da kyautar 'yar wasan hockey ta mata ta Bob Allen kowace shekara daga USA Hockey ga fitacciyar 'yar wasan hockey mace 'yar asalin Amurka. An fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1994. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2007, an sauya sunan kyautar don girmama marigayi [[Bob Allen (ice hockey)|Bob Allen]], wanda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar wasan Hockey ta 'yan wasan New York State daga 1954 zuwa 1979 kuma ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai a USA Hockey daga 1974 zuwa 1999, ciki har da shugaban ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa saboda nasarar lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1998 . An dauke shi a matsayin uban wasan hockey na mata na Amurka, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa wasan hockey na mata da na 'yan mata a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob Allen - Class of 2013 |url=https://www.nysaha.com/layout_container/show_layout_tab?layout_container_id=8392507&page_node_id=937598&tab_element_id=14741 |access-date=May 29, 2024 |publisher=New York State Amateur Hockey Association}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Parker |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Bob Allen award winner aims to inspire others |url=https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/sports/local-sports/2024/08/bob-allen-award-winner-aims-to-inspire-others/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[Adirondack Daily Enterprise]]}}</ref> == Wadanda suka lashe kyaututtuka == [[Fayil:-4_Angela_Ruggiero4_(4296150342).jpg|thumb| Angela Ruggiero ita ce 'yar wasan baya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar, kuma 'yar wasa ta farko da ta lashe a cikin shekaru a jere.]] [[Fayil:Hilary_Knight_28235741_(1)_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Hilary Knight ita ce kaɗai ta lashe kyautar sau uku. {{As of|2024}} , tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar Wisconsin shida da suka lashe kyautar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Mark |date=May 29, 2024 |title=Wisconsin's Laila Edwards caps a breakout season with USA Hockey's player of the year award |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/college/uw/2024/05/29/usa-hockey-names-wisconsins-laila-edwards-bob-allen-player-of-the-year/73898893007/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2020 |title=Roque named USA Hockey Women’s Player of the Year |url=https://www.sooeveningnews.com/story/sports/2020/06/04/roque-named-usa-hockey-womens-player-of-year/114320324/ |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=[[The Evening News (Sault Ste. Marie)|The Sault News]]}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:Aerin_Frankel_2024.jpg|thumb| Mai tsaron gida Aerin Frankel ne ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 2021.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Winner !Position !Hometown |- |1994 |{{Sortname|Erin|Whitten-Hamlen}} |Goaltender |Glens Falls, New York |- |1995 |{{Sortname|Karyn|Bye}} |Forward |River Falls, Wisconsin |- |1996 |{{Sortname|Cammi|Granato}} |Forward |[[Downers Grove|Downers Grove, Illinois]] |- |1997 |{{Sortname|Laurie|Baker|Laurie Baker (ice hockey)}} |Forward |Concord, Massachusetts |- |1998 |{{Sortname|Karyn|Bye}} |Forward |River Falls, Wisconsin |- |1999 |{{Sortname|A.J.|Mleczko}} |Forward |Nantucket, Massachusetts |- |2000 |{{Sortname|Sara|DeCosta-Hayes}} |Goaltender |Warwick, Rhode Island |- |2001 |{{Sortname|Krissy|Wendell}} |Forward |Brooklyn Park, Minnesota |- |2002 |{{Sortname|Sara|DeCosta-Hayes}} |Goaltender |Warwick, Rhode Island |- |2003 |{{Sortname|Angela|Ruggiero}} |Defenseman |Harper Woods, Michigan |- |2004 |{{Sortname|Angela|Ruggiero}} |Defenseman |Harper Woods, Michigan |- |2005 |{{Sortname|Natalie|Darwitz}} |Forward |Eagan, Minnesota |- |2006 |{{Sortname|Katie|King|Katie King-Crowley}} |Forward |Brookline, Massachusetts |- |2007 |{{Sortname|Julie|Chu}} |Forward |Fairfield, Connecticut |- |2008 |{{Sortname|Caitlin|Cahow}} |Defenseman |Branford, Connecticut |- |2009 |{{Sortname|Jessie|Vetter}} |Goaltender |Cottage Grove, Wisconsin |- |2010 |{{Sortname|Jenny|Potter}} |Forward |Anoka, Minnesota |- |2011 |{{Sortname|Meghan|Duggan}} |Forward |Danvers, Massachusetts |- |2012 |{{Sortname|Kelli|Stack}} |Forward |Brooklyn Heights, Ohio |- |2013 |{{Sortname|Amanda|Kessel}} |Forward |Madison, Wisconsin |- |2014 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |- |2015 |{{Sortname|Brianna|Decker}} |Forward |Dousman, Wisconsin |- |2016 |{{Sortname|Monique|Lamoureux-Morando|Monique Lamoureux}} |Defenseman |Grand Forks, North Dakota |- |2017 |{{Sortname|Brianna|Decker}} |Forward |Dousman, Wisconsin |- |2018 |{{Sortname|Maddie|Rooney}} |Goaltender |Andover, Minnesota |- |2019 |{{Sortname|Kendall|Coyne Schofield}} |Forward |Palos Heights, Illinois |- |2020 |{{Sortname|Abby|Roque}} |Forward |Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan |- |2021 |{{Sortname|Aerin|Frankel}} |Goaltender |Chappaqua, New York |- |2022 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |- |2023 |{{Sortname|Caroline|Harvey|Caroline Harvey (ice hockey)}} |Defenseman |Salem, New Hampshire |- |2024 |{{Sortname|Laila|Edwards}} |Forward |[[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] |- |2025 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |} === Nasarorin da aka samu ta matsayi === {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Nasara |- | Gaba | 21 |- | Mai Tsaro | 5 |- | Mai tsaron gida | 6 |} === Nasarorin da aka samu ta jiha === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jiha ! Nasara |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} | 6 |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} | 4 |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} | 4 |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} | 3 |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} | 3 |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|New York}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} | 1 |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} | 1 |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == 02mekee2vq1o4qctn0mzthxgjq5ljfq 915476 915473 2026-09-03T13:10:02Z Sirjat 20447 915476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ana ba da kyautar 'yar wasan hockey ta mata ta Bob Allen kowace shekara daga USA Hockey ga fitacciyar 'yar wasan hockey mace 'yar asalin Amurka. An fara gabatar da shi a shekarar 1994. == Tarihi == A shekarar 2007, an sauya sunan kyautar don girmama marigayi [[Bob Allen (ice hockey)|Bob Allen]], wanda ya kasance shugaban ƙungiyar wasan Hockey ta 'yan wasan New York State daga 1954 zuwa 1979 kuma ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai a USA Hockey daga 1974 zuwa 1999, ciki har da shugaban ƙungiyar mata ta ƙasa saboda nasarar lashe lambar zinare a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta 1998 . An dauke shi a matsayin uban wasan hockey na mata na Amurka, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa wasan hockey na mata da na 'yan mata a Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob Allen - Class of 2013 |url=https://www.nysaha.com/layout_container/show_layout_tab?layout_container_id=8392507&page_node_id=937598&tab_element_id=14741 |access-date=May 29, 2024 |publisher=New York State Amateur Hockey Association}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Parker |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Bob Allen award winner aims to inspire others |url=https://www.adirondackdailyenterprise.com/sports/local-sports/2024/08/bob-allen-award-winner-aims-to-inspire-others/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[Adirondack Daily Enterprise]]}}</ref> == Wadanda suka lashe kyaututtuka == [[Fayil:-4_Angela_Ruggiero4_(4296150342).jpg|thumb| Angela Ruggiero ita ce 'yar wasan baya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar, kuma 'yar wasa ta farko da ta lashe a cikin shekaru a jere.]] [[Fayil:Hilary_Knight_28235741_(1)_(cropped).jpg|thumb| Hilary Knight ita ce kaɗai ta lashe kyautar sau uku. {{As of|2024}} , tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami'ar Wisconsin shida da suka lashe kyautar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stewart |first=Mark |date=May 29, 2024 |title=Wisconsin's Laila Edwards caps a breakout season with USA Hockey's player of the year award |url=https://www.jsonline.com/story/sports/college/uw/2024/05/29/usa-hockey-names-wisconsins-laila-edwards-bob-allen-player-of-the-year/73898893007/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 4, 2020 |title=Roque named USA Hockey Women’s Player of the Year |url=https://www.sooeveningnews.com/story/sports/2020/06/04/roque-named-usa-hockey-womens-player-of-year/114320324/ |access-date=September 7, 2024 |website=[[The Evening News (Sault Ste. Marie)|The Sault News]]}}</ref>]] [[Fayil:Aerin_Frankel_2024.jpg|thumb| Mai tsaron gida Aerin Frankel ne ya lashe kyautar a shekarar 2021.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Winner !Position !Hometown |- |1994 |{{Sortname|Erin|Whitten-Hamlen}} |Goaltender |Glens Falls, New York |- |1995 |{{Sortname|Karyn|Bye}} |Forward |River Falls, Wisconsin |- |1996 |{{Sortname|Cammi|Granato}} |Forward |[[Downers Grove|Downers Grove, Illinois]] |- |1997 |{{Sortname|Laurie|Baker|Laurie Baker (ice hockey)}} |Forward |Concord, Massachusetts |- |1998 |{{Sortname|Karyn|Bye}} |Forward |River Falls, Wisconsin |- |1999 |{{Sortname|A.J.|Mleczko}} |Forward |Nantucket, Massachusetts |- |2000 |{{Sortname|Sara|DeCosta-Hayes}} |Goaltender |Warwick, Rhode Island |- |2001 |{{Sortname|Krissy|Wendell}} |Forward |Brooklyn Park, Minnesota |- |2002 |{{Sortname|Sara|DeCosta-Hayes}} |Goaltender |Warwick, Rhode Island |- |2003 |{{Sortname|Angela|Ruggiero}} |Defenseman |Harper Woods, Michigan |- |2004 |{{Sortname|Angela|Ruggiero}} |Defenseman |Harper Woods, Michigan |- |2005 |{{Sortname|Natalie|Darwitz}} |Forward |Eagan, Minnesota |- |2006 |{{Sortname|Katie|King|Katie King-Crowley}} |Forward |Brookline, Massachusetts |- |2007 |{{Sortname|Julie|Chu}} |Forward |Fairfield, Connecticut |- |2008 |{{Sortname|Caitlin|Cahow}} |Defenseman |Branford, Connecticut |- |2009 |{{Sortname|Jessie|Vetter}} |Goaltender |Cottage Grove, Wisconsin |- |2010 |{{Sortname|Jenny|Potter}} |Forward |Anoka, Minnesota |- |2011 |{{Sortname|Meghan|Duggan}} |Forward |Danvers, Massachusetts |- |2012 |{{Sortname|Kelli|Stack}} |Forward |Brooklyn Heights, Ohio |- |2013 |{{Sortname|Amanda|Kessel}} |Forward |Madison, Wisconsin |- |2014 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |- |2015 |{{Sortname|Brianna|Decker}} |Forward |Dousman, Wisconsin |- |2016 |{{Sortname|Monique|Lamoureux-Morando|Monique Lamoureux}} |Defenseman |Grand Forks, North Dakota |- |2017 |{{Sortname|Brianna|Decker}} |Forward |Dousman, Wisconsin |- |2018 |{{Sortname|Maddie|Rooney}} |Goaltender |Andover, Minnesota |- |2019 |{{Sortname|Kendall|Coyne Schofield}} |Forward |Palos Heights, Illinois |- |2020 |{{Sortname|Abby|Roque}} |Forward |Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan |- |2021 |{{Sortname|Aerin|Frankel}} |Goaltender |Chappaqua, New York |- |2022 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |- |2023 |{{Sortname|Caroline|Harvey|Caroline Harvey (ice hockey)}} |Defenseman |Salem, New Hampshire |- |2024 |{{Sortname|Laila|Edwards}} |Forward |[[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]] |- |2025 |{{Sortname|Hilary|Knight}} |Forward |Sun Valley, Idaho |} === Nasarorin da aka samu ta matsayi === {| class="wikitable" !Matsayi ! Nasara |- | Gaba | 21 |- | Mai Tsaro | 5 |- | Mai tsaron gida | 6 |} === Nasarorin da aka samu ta jiha === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Jiha ! Nasara |- |{{Flag|Wisconsin}} | 6 |- |{{Flag|Massachusetts}} | 4 |- |{{Flag|Minnesota}} | 4 |- |{{Flag|Michigan}} | 3 |- |{{Flag|Connecticut}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Idaho}} | 3 |- |{{Flag|Illinois}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|New York}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Ohio}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|Rhode Island}} | 2 |- |{{Flag|New Hampshire}} | 1 |- |{{Flag|North Dakota}} | 1 |} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == obgbsz6te2qx7lf4ng3dti9ge8na7rc 0 166220 915482 2026-09-03T13:14:11Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370042482|ACC Athlete of the Year]]" 915482 wikitext text/x-wiki Ana ba da kyautar '''gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Atlantic Coast Conference''' ga ' yan wasa maza da [[Kalmar Mace|mata]] waɗanda suka nuna hazaka mai ban mamaki a duk tsawon kakar wasa. Membobin ƙungiyar kafofin watsa labarai ta Atlantic Coast Sports Media Association ne ke yanke hukunci kan kyautar. == Kyautar Anthony J. McKevlin == Kyautar Anthony J. McKevlin, wadda aka fara bayarwa ga ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa a gasar ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba har zuwa 1990, wacce aka sanya wa suna don girmama tsohon editan wasanni na Raleigh News and Observer, [1], ana zaɓen ta kuma rarraba ta kowace shekara tun lokacin da aka kafa ACC a 1953–1954. == Kyautar Mary Garber == A shekarar 1990, an kafa kyautar Mary Garber, wacce aka sanya wa suna don girmama Mary Garber, tsohuwar 'yar jarida ''a mujallar Winston-Salem'' kuma majagaba a fannin aikin jarida a wasanni, don girmama babbar 'yar wasa mace a gasar. A shekara ta 2005, Editocin Wasanni na Kamfanin Associated Press (APSE) sun yi wa Garber fintinkau ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Red Smith Award mai daraja, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar a tarihin shekaru 25. == Masu karɓa == {| class="toccolours" width="98%" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" ! ! colspan="3" |Male – Anthony J. McKevlin Award ! colspan="3" |Female – Mary Garber Award |- bgcolor="silver" !Season !Player !School !Sport !Player !School !Sport |- |1954 |Joel Shankle |Duke |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1955 |Dickie Hemric |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1956 |Dave Sime |Duke |Track &amp;amp; Field/Baseball | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1957 |Lennie Rosenbluth |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1958 |Dick Christy |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1959 |Lou Pucillo |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1960 |Mike McGee |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1961 |Roman Gabriel |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1962 |Len Chappell |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1963 |Art Heyman |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1964 |Jeff Mullins |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1965 |Brian Piccolo |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1966 |Danny Talbott |North Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1967 |Bobby Bryant |South Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- |1968 |Larry Miller |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1969 |Frank Quayle |Virginia |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1970 |Charlie Scott |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1971 |Don McCauley |North Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1972 |Barry Parkhill |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1973 |David Thompson |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1974 |Tony Waldrop |North Carolina |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1975 |David Thompson |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1976 |John Lucas |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]]/[[Tennis]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1977 |Phil Ford |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1978 |Phil Ford |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1979 |Renaldo Nehemiah |Maryland |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- |1980 | | | |Julie Shea* |NC State |Track &amp;amp; Field |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1981 | | | |Julie Shea* |NC State |Track &amp;amp; Field |- |1982 |James Worthy |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1983 |Ralph Sampson |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1984 |Michael Jordan |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1985 |BJ Surhoff |North Carolina |Baseball | | | |- |1986 |Len Bias |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1987 |Riccardo Ingram |Georgia Tech |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- |1988 |Danny Ferry |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1989 |Danny Ferry |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1990 |Clarkston Hines |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Shannon Higgins |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1991 |Christian Laettner |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Dawn Staley |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |1992 |Christian Laettner |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Dawn Staley |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1993 |Charlie Ward |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |1994 |Charlie Ward |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1995 |Randolph Childress |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Tisha Venturini |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |1996 |Kris Benson |Clemson |Baseball |Kelly Amonte |Maryland |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]]/Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1997 |[[Tim Duncan]] |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Sarah Forbes |Maryland |Lacrosse |- |1998 |Antawn Jamison |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Vanessa Webb |Duke |[[Tennis]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1999 |Elton Brand |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Cindy Parlow Cone|Cindy Parlow]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2000 |Joe Hamilton |Georgia Tech |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Jen Adams |Maryland |Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2001 |Shane Battier |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Jen Adams |Maryland |Lacrosse |- |2002 |Juan Dixon |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Bea Bielik |Wake Forest |[[Tennis]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2003 |Chris Rotelli |Virginia |Lacrosse |Alana Beard |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |2004 |[[Kogin Philip|Philip Rivers]] |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Alana Beard |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2005 |Sean May |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Kelly Dostal]] |Wake Forest |Field hockey |- |2006 |JJ Redick |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Paula Infante |Maryland |Field hockey |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2007 |Walter Dix |Florida State |Track and field |Lindsey Harding |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |2008 |Tyler Hansbrough |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Angela Tincher |Virginia Tech |Softball |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2009 |Matt Hill |NC State |Golf |Casey Nogueira |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2010 |Ned Crotty |Duke |Lacrosse |Whitney Engen |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2011 |Ngoni Makusha |Florida State |Track and field |Katie O'Donnell |Maryland |Field hockey |- |2012 |Luke Kuechly |Boston College |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Becca Ward |Duke |Fencing |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2013 |Jarmere Jenkins |Virginia |[[Tennis]] |Crystal Dunn |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2014 |[[Jameis Winston]] |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball |Alyssa Thomas |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2015 |Laken Tomlinson |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Morgan Brian |Virginia |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2016 |[[Deshaun Watson]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Molly Seidel |Notre Dame |Cross Country |- bgcolor="#eee" |2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2017 |title=Clemson's Watson, Boston College's Kent Voted ACC Athlete's of the Year |url=http://theacc.com/news/2017/6/30/59565faae4b095fb086e8a04_131480904425107863.aspx |access-date=June 30, 2017 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |[[Deshaun Watson]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Kenzie Kent |Boston College |Ice hockey/Lacrosse |- |2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2018 |title=Louisville's Jackson, Notre Dame's Ogunbowale Voted ACC Athletes of the Year |url=http://www.theacc.com/news/2018/7/5/general-louisvilles-jackson-notre-dames-ogunbowale-voted-acc-athletes-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Lamar Jackson |Louisville |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Arike Ogunbowale |Notre Dame |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eee" |2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Duke's Williamson, North Carolina's Hoffman Voted ACC Athletes of the Year |url=https://admin.theacc.com/news/2019/7/3/general-dukes-williamson-north-carolinas-hoffman-voted-acc-athletes-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Zion Williamson |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Ashley Hoffman |North Carolina |Field hockey |- |2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2020 |title=Clemson's Robinson, UNC's Matson Voted Top ACC Athletes of 2019-20 |url=https://theacc.com/news/2020/5/20/athlete-awards-clemsons-robinson-uncs-matson-voted-top-acc-athletes-of-2019-20.aspx |access-date=May 20, 2020 |website=theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Robbie Robinson |Clemson |Soccer |Erin Matson |North Carolina |Field hockey |- bgcolor="#eee" |2021 |[[Trevor Lawrence]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Charlotte North |Boston College |Lacrosse |- |2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2022 |title=Charlotte North Named ACC Female Athlete of the Year |url=https://www.si.com/college/bostoncollege/lacrosse-boston-college/charlotte-north-acc-female-player-of-the-year-2022 |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=si.com |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> |Kenny Pickett |Pittsburgh |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Charlotte North |Boston College |Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eee" |2023 |Rhett Lowder |Wake Forest |Baseball |Katelyn Tuohy |NC State |Cross country/track &amp;amp; field |- |2024 |[[Pat Kavanagh (lacrosse)|Pat Kavanagh]] |Notre Dame |Lacrosse |Gretchen Walsh |Virginia |Swimming |- |2025 |Cooper Flagg |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Gretchen Walsh |Virginia |Swimming |- |2026 |Cameron Boozer |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Olivia Babcock |Pittsburgh |Volleyball |- | colspan="7" |* Between 1954 and 1989, '''Anthony J. McKevlin Award''' presented to best athlete, male or female. |} == Nassoshi == 4epv9icddfgv6ezmpga7but35guhdk7 915483 915482 2026-09-03T13:14:30Z Sirjat 20447 915483 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ana ba da kyautar '''gwarzon ɗan wasan shekara na Atlantic Coast Conference''' ga ' yan wasa maza da [[Kalmar Mace|mata]] waɗanda suka nuna hazaka mai ban mamaki a duk tsawon kakar wasa. Membobin ƙungiyar kafofin watsa labarai ta Atlantic Coast Sports Media Association ne ke yanke hukunci kan kyautar. == Kyautar Anthony J. McKevlin == Kyautar Anthony J. McKevlin, wadda aka fara bayarwa ga ɗan wasan da ya fi kowa a gasar ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba har zuwa 1990, wacce aka sanya wa suna don girmama tsohon editan wasanni na Raleigh News and Observer, [1], ana zaɓen ta kuma rarraba ta kowace shekara tun lokacin da aka kafa ACC a 1953–1954. == Kyautar Mary Garber == A shekarar 1990, an kafa kyautar Mary Garber, wacce aka sanya wa suna don girmama Mary Garber, tsohuwar 'yar jarida ''a mujallar Winston-Salem'' kuma majagaba a fannin aikin jarida a wasanni, don girmama babbar 'yar wasa mace a gasar. A shekara ta 2005, Editocin Wasanni na Kamfanin Associated Press (APSE) sun yi wa Garber fintinkau ta hanyar girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Red Smith Award mai daraja, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko da ta lashe kyautar a tarihin shekaru 25. == Masu karɓa == {| class="toccolours" width="98%" |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" ! ! colspan="3" |Male – Anthony J. McKevlin Award ! colspan="3" |Female – Mary Garber Award |- bgcolor="silver" !Season !Player !School !Sport !Player !School !Sport |- |1954 |Joel Shankle |Duke |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1955 |Dickie Hemric |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1956 |Dave Sime |Duke |Track &amp;amp; Field/Baseball | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1957 |Lennie Rosenbluth |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1958 |Dick Christy |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1959 |Lou Pucillo |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1960 |Mike McGee |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1961 |Roman Gabriel |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1962 |Len Chappell |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1963 |Art Heyman |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1964 |Jeff Mullins |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1965 |Brian Piccolo |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1966 |Danny Talbott |North Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1967 |Bobby Bryant |South Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- |1968 |Larry Miller |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1969 |Frank Quayle |Virginia |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1970 |Charlie Scott |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1971 |Don McCauley |North Carolina |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] | | | |- |1972 |Barry Parkhill |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1973 |David Thompson |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1974 |Tony Waldrop |North Carolina |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1975 |David Thompson |NC State |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1976 |John Lucas |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]]/[[Tennis]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1977 |Phil Ford |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1978 |Phil Ford |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1979 |Renaldo Nehemiah |Maryland |Track &amp;amp; Field | | | |- |1980 | | | |Julie Shea* |NC State |Track &amp;amp; Field |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1981 | | | |Julie Shea* |NC State |Track &amp;amp; Field |- |1982 |James Worthy |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1983 |Ralph Sampson |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1984 |Michael Jordan |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1985 |BJ Surhoff |North Carolina |Baseball | | | |- |1986 |Len Bias |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1987 |Riccardo Ingram |Georgia Tech |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball | | | |- |1988 |Danny Ferry |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1989 |Danny Ferry |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] | | | |- |1990 |Clarkston Hines |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Shannon Higgins |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1991 |Christian Laettner |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Dawn Staley |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |1992 |Christian Laettner |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Dawn Staley |Virginia |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1993 |Charlie Ward |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |1994 |Charlie Ward |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1995 |Randolph Childress |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Tisha Venturini |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |1996 |Kris Benson |Clemson |Baseball |Kelly Amonte |Maryland |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]]/Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1997 |[[Tim Duncan]] |Wake Forest |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Sarah Forbes |Maryland |Lacrosse |- |1998 |Antawn Jamison |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Vanessa Webb |Duke |[[Tennis]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |1999 |Elton Brand |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Cindy Parlow Cone|Cindy Parlow]] |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2000 |Joe Hamilton |Georgia Tech |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Jen Adams |Maryland |Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2001 |Shane Battier |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Jen Adams |Maryland |Lacrosse |- |2002 |Juan Dixon |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Bea Bielik |Wake Forest |[[Tennis]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2003 |Chris Rotelli |Virginia |Lacrosse |Alana Beard |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |2004 |[[Kogin Philip|Philip Rivers]] |NC State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Alana Beard |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2005 |Sean May |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |[[Kelly Dostal]] |Wake Forest |Field hockey |- |2006 |JJ Redick |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Paula Infante |Maryland |Field hockey |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2007 |Walter Dix |Florida State |Track and field |Lindsey Harding |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- |2008 |Tyler Hansbrough |North Carolina |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Angela Tincher |Virginia Tech |Softball |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2009 |Matt Hill |NC State |Golf |Casey Nogueira |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2010 |Ned Crotty |Duke |Lacrosse |Whitney Engen |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2011 |Ngoni Makusha |Florida State |Track and field |Katie O'Donnell |Maryland |Field hockey |- |2012 |Luke Kuechly |Boston College |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Becca Ward |Duke |Fencing |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2013 |Jarmere Jenkins |Virginia |[[Tennis]] |Crystal Dunn |North Carolina |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2014 |[[Jameis Winston]] |Florida State |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]]/Baseball |Alyssa Thomas |Maryland |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eeeeee" |2015 |Laken Tomlinson |Duke |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Morgan Brian |Virginia |[[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|Soccer]] |- |2016 |[[Deshaun Watson]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Molly Seidel |Notre Dame |Cross Country |- bgcolor="#eee" |2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 30, 2017 |title=Clemson's Watson, Boston College's Kent Voted ACC Athlete's of the Year |url=http://theacc.com/news/2017/6/30/59565faae4b095fb086e8a04_131480904425107863.aspx |access-date=June 30, 2017 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |[[Deshaun Watson]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Kenzie Kent |Boston College |Ice hockey/Lacrosse |- |2018<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2018 |title=Louisville's Jackson, Notre Dame's Ogunbowale Voted ACC Athletes of the Year |url=http://www.theacc.com/news/2018/7/5/general-louisvilles-jackson-notre-dames-ogunbowale-voted-acc-athletes-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=July 5, 2018 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Lamar Jackson |Louisville |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Arike Ogunbowale |Notre Dame |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |- bgcolor="#eee" |2019<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2019 |title=Duke's Williamson, North Carolina's Hoffman Voted ACC Athletes of the Year |url=https://admin.theacc.com/news/2019/7/3/general-dukes-williamson-north-carolinas-hoffman-voted-acc-athletes-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=January 26, 2020 |website=www.theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Zion Williamson |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Ashley Hoffman |North Carolina |Field hockey |- |2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2020 |title=Clemson's Robinson, UNC's Matson Voted Top ACC Athletes of 2019-20 |url=https://theacc.com/news/2020/5/20/athlete-awards-clemsons-robinson-uncs-matson-voted-top-acc-athletes-of-2019-20.aspx |access-date=May 20, 2020 |website=theacc.com |publisher=Atlantic Coast Conference}}</ref> |Robbie Robinson |Clemson |Soccer |Erin Matson |North Carolina |Field hockey |- bgcolor="#eee" |2021 |[[Trevor Lawrence]] |Clemson |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Charlotte North |Boston College |Lacrosse |- |2022<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2022 |title=Charlotte North Named ACC Female Athlete of the Year |url=https://www.si.com/college/bostoncollege/lacrosse-boston-college/charlotte-north-acc-female-player-of-the-year-2022 |access-date=July 8, 2022 |website=si.com |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> |Kenny Pickett |Pittsburgh |[[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Football]] |Charlotte North |Boston College |Lacrosse |- bgcolor="#eee" |2023 |Rhett Lowder |Wake Forest |Baseball |Katelyn Tuohy |NC State |Cross country/track &amp;amp; field |- |2024 |[[Pat Kavanagh (lacrosse)|Pat Kavanagh]] |Notre Dame |Lacrosse |Gretchen Walsh |Virginia |Swimming |- |2025 |Cooper Flagg |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Gretchen Walsh |Virginia |Swimming |- |2026 |Cameron Boozer |Duke |[[Kwallon kwando|Basketball]] |Olivia Babcock |Pittsburgh |Volleyball |- | colspan="7" |* Between 1954 and 1989, '''Anthony J. McKevlin Award''' presented to best athlete, male or female. |} == Nassoshi == 8grmie6t3qeek6wv59x6p0hjzdm4lvi 0 166221 915492 2026-09-03T13:34:43Z Baby juuu 38856 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368100827|Khaled Massad]]" 915492 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Khalid Massad Al-Muwalid''' (An haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1971) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Saudi Arabia . Ya buga mafi yawan aikinsa ga Al Ahli da Al Ittihad . Al-Muwallid ya kuma buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Saudi Arabia wasa kuma ya kasance memba na tawagar kwallon kasa a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFI da 1994 da 1998. <ref>{{FIFA player|162788|Khalid Al Muwallid}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Manufofin kasa da kasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon sun lissafa burin Saudi Arabia na farko.'' {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !# !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Gasar !An samu maki |- |1 |28 Satumba 1990 |Beijing, kasar Sin |{{Fb|JPN}} |2-0 |Wasannin Asiya na 1990 |1 |- |2 |14 Satumba 1992 |[[Aleppo]], Siriya |{{Fb|KUW}} |2-0 |Kofin Larabawa na 1992 |1 |- |3 |15 ga Oktoba 1992 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|USA}} |3-0 |Kofin Sarki Fahd na 1992 |1 |- |4 |31 ga Oktoba 1992 |[[Hiroshima]], Japan |{{Fb|QAT}} |1-1 |Kofin Asiya na 1992 |1 |- |5 |4 ga Disamba 1992 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|OMA}} |2-0 |Kofin Gulf na 1992 |1 |- |6 |6 ga Disamba 1992 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|KUW}} |2-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1992 |1 |- |7 |1 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|MAC}} |6-0 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |8 |3 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|MAS}} |1-1 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |9 |14 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MAC}} |8-0 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |10, 11 |6 ga Oktoba 1993 |Khobar, Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|RUS|1991}} |4-2 |Abokantaka |2 |- |12 |18 ga Oktoba 1993 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|PRK}} |2-1 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |13 |10 Nuwamba 1994 |[[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa |{{Fb|BHR}} |3-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1994 |1 |- |14 |17 ga Disamba 1994 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|CRC}} |1-3 |Abokantaka |1 |- |15, 16 |3 ga Oktoba 1996 |Khobar, Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|NZL}} |3-0 |Abokantaka |2 |- |17 |21 ga Oktoba 1996 |[[Oman]]" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat, Oman |{{Fb|BHR}} |3-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1996 |1 |- |18 |6 ga Nuwamba 1996 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|BUL}} |1-0 |Abokantaka |1 |- |19 |14 Nuwamba 1996 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|SYR|1980}} |3-1 |Abokantaka |1 |- |20 |5 ga Disamba 1996 |[[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa |{{Fb|THA}} |6-0 |Kofin Asiya na 1996 |1 |- |21 |20 Maris 1997 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|BAN}} |4-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |22, 23 |29 Maris 1997 |[[Jeddah|Jedda]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MAS}} |3-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |2 |- |24 |31 Maris 1997 |[[Jeddah|Jedda]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|TPE}} |6-0 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |25 |25 ga Satumba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MLI}} |5-1 |Abokantaka |1 |- |26 |17 ga Oktoba 1997 |[[Kuwait]]_City" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kuwait City">Birnin Kuwait, Kuwait |{{Fb|KUW}} |1-2 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |27 |24 ga Oktoba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|IRN}} |1-0 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |28 |6 ga Nuwamba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|CHN}} |1-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |} == Gasar Zakarun Turai == '''Tare da Al-Ahli Club:''' * 1998 Crown Prince Cup. * Yarima Faisal bin Fahd Cup 2001. '''Tare da Al Ittihad Club:''' * Gasar Saudi League ta 2001. * Kofin Saudiyya da Masar na shekara ta 2001. * Gasar Saudi League ta 2003. '''Nasarorin kasa da kasa da na mutum tare da tawagar kasa:''' * Kofin Gulf 12 a [[Baharen|Bahrain]]. * Kofin Asiya na 88 a Qatar. * Kofin Asiya na 96 a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. * Kasancewa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 94 a Amurka da kuma ta 98 a Faransa. * Kasancewa 3 a gasar cin kofin Confederations ta 1992, 1995, 1997 AD. * Ya shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-17 sau biyu, na farko a 1985 a China kuma na biyu a 1987 a Kanada. * Kasancewa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a Chile. * Gasar cin kofin Larabawa ta 1998. '''Ayyukan mutum:''' * Dan wasan kakar a Al-Ahli 1992. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Larabawa a shekarar 1992. * Dan wasa mafi kyau a gasar cin kofin Larabawa ta 1992 don kungiyoyin kasa. * Dan wasan Asiya na uku mafi kyau a 1992/93. * Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Asian Stars a 1993. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Larabawa a shekarar 1996. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Gulf a shekarar 1996. * Babban mai zira kwallaye na tawagar kasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 98. * Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar World Stars a shekara ta 2000. * [[FIFA]] ta zaɓi burinsa a Amurka a gasar cin kofin Confederations ta 1992 a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan burin 13 a tarihin gasar. * Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ce ta zaɓe shi daga cikin 'yan wasa 10 mafi kyau na shekaru goma a nahiyar Asiya (1990-2000). * Mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira a tarihin dan wasan tsakiya na Saudi Arabia (28 goals). == Dubi kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na maza tare da 100 ko fiye da na kasa da kasa {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{NFT player|pid=42344}} {{1996 AFC Asian Cup Team of the Tournament}}{{Navboxes|title=Saudi Arabia squads|bg=#177245|fg=#FFFFFF|list1={{Saudi Arabia squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1992 King Fahd Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1994 World Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1995 King Fahd Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1997 Confederations Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1998 World Cup}}}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] mcehwblllw3notxslp0uwxq2x2qhkcm 915494 915492 2026-09-03T13:35:46Z Baby juuu 38856 915494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Khalid Massad Al-Muwalid''' (An haife shi a ranar 23 ga watan Nuwamba a shekarar 1971) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Saudi Arabia . Ya buga mafi yawan aikinsa ga Al Ahli da Al Ittihad . Al-Muwallid ya kuma buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta Saudi Arabia wasa kuma ya kasance memba na tawagar kwallon kasa a gasar cin kofin duniya na FIFI da 1994 da 1998. <ref>{{FIFA player|162788|Khalid Al Muwallid}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Manufofin kasa da kasa === : ''Sakamakon da sakamakon sun lissafa burin Saudi Arabia na farko.'' {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !# !Ranar !Wurin da ake ciki !Abokin hamayya !Sakamakon !Gasar !An samu maki |- |1 |28 Satumba 1990 |Beijing, kasar Sin |{{Fb|JPN}} |2-0 |Wasannin Asiya na 1990 |1 |- |2 |14 Satumba 1992 |[[Aleppo]], Siriya |{{Fb|KUW}} |2-0 |Kofin Larabawa na 1992 |1 |- |3 |15 ga Oktoba 1992 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|USA}} |3-0 |Kofin Sarki Fahd na 1992 |1 |- |4 |31 ga Oktoba 1992 |[[Hiroshima]], Japan |{{Fb|QAT}} |1-1 |Kofin Asiya na 1992 |1 |- |5 |4 ga Disamba 1992 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|OMA}} |2-0 |Kofin Gulf na 1992 |1 |- |6 |6 ga Disamba 1992 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|KUW}} |2-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1992 |1 |- |7 |1 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|MAC}} |6-0 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |8 |3 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|MAS}} |1-1 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |9 |14 ga Mayu 1993 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MAC}} |8-0 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |10, 11 |6 ga Oktoba 1993 |Khobar, Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|RUS|1991}} |4-2 |Abokantaka |2 |- |12 |18 ga Oktoba 1993 |[[Doha]], Qatar |{{Fb|PRK}} |2-1 |Mai cancantar gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1994 |1 |- |13 |10 Nuwamba 1994 |[[Abu Dhabi (birni)|Abu Dhabi]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa |{{Fb|BHR}} |3-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1994 |1 |- |14 |17 ga Disamba 1994 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|CRC}} |1-3 |Abokantaka |1 |- |15, 16 |3 ga Oktoba 1996 |Khobar, Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|NZL}} |3-0 |Abokantaka |2 |- |17 |21 ga Oktoba 1996 |[[Oman]]" id="mwxA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat, Oman |{{Fb|BHR}} |3-1 |Kofin Gulf na 1996 |1 |- |18 |6 ga Nuwamba 1996 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|BUL}} |1-0 |Abokantaka |1 |- |19 |14 Nuwamba 1996 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|SYR|1980}} |3-1 |Abokantaka |1 |- |20 |5 ga Disamba 1996 |[[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]], Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa |{{Fb|THA}} |6-0 |Kofin Asiya na 1996 |1 |- |21 |20 Maris 1997 |[[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia |{{Fb|BAN}} |4-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |22, 23 |29 Maris 1997 |[[Jeddah|Jedda]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MAS}} |3-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |2 |- |24 |31 Maris 1997 |[[Jeddah|Jedda]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|TPE}} |6-0 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |25 |25 ga Satumba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|MLI}} |5-1 |Abokantaka |1 |- |26 |17 ga Oktoba 1997 |[[Kuwait]]_City" id="mwARo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kuwait City">Birnin Kuwait, Kuwait |{{Fb|KUW}} |1-2 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |27 |24 ga Oktoba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|IRN}} |1-0 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |- |28 |6 ga Nuwamba 1997 |[[Riyadh]], Saudi Arabia |{{Fb|CHN}} |1-1 |Wanda ya cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta 1998 |1 |} == Gasar Zakarun Turai == '''Tare da Al-Ahli Club:''' * 1998 Crown Prince Cup. * Yarima Faisal bin Fahd Cup 2001. '''Tare da Al Ittihad Club:''' * Gasar Saudi League ta 2001. * Kofin Saudiyya da Masar na shekara ta 2001. * Gasar Saudi League ta 2003. '''Nasarorin kasa da kasa da na mutum tare da tawagar kasa:''' * Kofin Gulf 12 a [[Baharen|Bahrain]]. * Kofin Asiya na 88 a Qatar. * Kofin Asiya na 96 a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. * Kasancewa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 94 a Amurka da kuma ta 98 a Faransa. * Kasancewa 3 a gasar cin kofin Confederations ta 1992, 1995, 1997 AD. * Ya shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-17 sau biyu, na farko a 1985 a China kuma na biyu a 1987 a Kanada. * Kasancewa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a Chile. * Gasar cin kofin Larabawa ta 1998. '''Ayyukan mutum:''' * Dan wasan kakar a Al-Ahli 1992. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Larabawa a shekarar 1992. * Dan wasa mafi kyau a gasar cin kofin Larabawa ta 1992 don kungiyoyin kasa. * Dan wasan Asiya na uku mafi kyau a 1992/93. * Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar Asian Stars a 1993. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Larabawa a shekarar 1996. * Mafi kyawun dan wasan Gulf a shekarar 1996. * Babban mai zira kwallaye na tawagar kasa a gasar cin kofin duniya ta 98. * Ya shiga cikin ƙungiyar World Stars a shekara ta 2000. * [[FIFA]] ta zaɓi burinsa a Amurka a gasar cin kofin Confederations ta 1992 a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan burin 13 a tarihin gasar. * Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ce ta zaɓe shi daga cikin 'yan wasa 10 mafi kyau na shekaru goma a nahiyar Asiya (1990-2000). * Mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira a tarihin dan wasan tsakiya na Saudi Arabia (28 goals). == Dubi kuma == * Jerin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na maza tare da 100 ko fiye da na kasa da kasa {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{NFT player|pid=42344}} {{1996 AFC Asian Cup Team of the Tournament}}{{Navboxes|title=Saudi Arabia squads|bg=#177245|fg=#FFFFFF|list1={{Saudi Arabia squad 1988 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1992 King Fahd Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1992 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1994 World Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1995 King Fahd Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1996 AFC Asian Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1997 Confederations Cup}} {{Saudi Arabia Squad 1998 World Cup}}}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]] sie5vjrs0km8n9qq4ocncpvr12rv9i4 0 166222 915498 2026-09-03T13:37:27Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362047993|Australian Women's Health Sport Awards]]" 915498 wikitext text/x-wiki An fara bayar da kyaututtukan Lafiyar Mata a Wasanni na Mata a Australia a shekarar 2011. [1] Mujallar Lafiyar Mata ta Australia ce ta kafa kyaututtukan domin girmama nasarorin da matan Australiya suka samu a wasanni. Kyaututtukan sune manyan kyaututtukan da ake bai wa mata 'yan ƙasar Ostiraliya a fannin wasanni da kuma 'yan wasa masu ɗaukar nauyi, wasanni, ƙungiyoyi, shugabanni da 'yan jarida. [2] Ana kuma kiran kyaututtukan da "Ina Tallafawa Mata a Wasanni". == Zauren Shahararru == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2015 | Susie O'Neill (Yin iyo) |- | 2016 | Layne Beachley (Surfing) |- | 2017 | Betty Cuthbert (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2018 | Evonne Goolagong Cawley (Tennis) |- | 2019 | Liz Ellis (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2022 | Lauren Jackson (Kwallon Kwando) |} == 'Yar Wasan Lafiyar Mata == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Stephanie Gilmore (Surfing) |- | 2012 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2013 | Sally Fitzgibbons (Surfing) |- | 2014 | Sally Pearson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2015 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2016 | Kim Brennan (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2017 | Samantha Kerr (Kwallon Kafa) |- | 2018 | Cate Campbell (Yin iyo) |- | 2019 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]] (Tennis) |- | 2022 | Madison de Rozario (Para Athletics) |} == Mace Mai Kyau a Wasanni == Kyautar Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Ostiraliya. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Ba a bayar da kyautar ba |- | 2012 | Jacqueline Freney (Minkin Paralympic) |- | 2013 | Kim Crow (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2014 | Jessica Fox (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2015 | Ellyse Perry (Kurket/Kwallon ƙafa) |- | 2016 | [[Michelle Payne]] (Tseren Doki) |- | 2017 | Britteny Cox (Mogul skiing) |- | 2018 | Skye Nicolson (Dambe) |- | 2019 | Hannah Green (Golfu) |- | 2022 | Ellie Cole (Para Swimming) |} == Lokacin Fitowa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Jessica Watson, yunƙurin zagaya duniya a cikin jirgin ruwa a lokacin tana 'yar shekara 16 |- | 2012 | Sally Pearson, wacce ta lashe lambar zinare ta tseren mita 100 a gasar tseren London ta 2012 |- | 2013 | Gasar Hockeyroos, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- | 2014 | Bronte Campbell, Melanie Schlanger, Emma McKeon, Cate Campbell - Sabon Rikodin Duniya, tseren mita 4x100 na mata a Glasgow 2014 |- | 2015 | Minjee Lee, ta lashe gasar LPGA ta farko |- | 2016 | Chloe Esposito - Lambar zinare ta zamani ta Pentathlon a gasar Rio 2016 [[Michelle Payne]] - Mace ta farko da ta lashe gasar Melbourne Cup (Zaɓin masu karatu) |- | 2017 | Wasan farko na AFLW, Carlton da Collingwood |- | 2018 | Ellyse Perry, Shekaru Biyu a cikin Gwajin Toka na Rana da Dare |- | 2019 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]], Gasar Zakarun Mata ta Faransa Open |- | 2022 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]], Gasar Mata Masu Wasa Guda Ɗaya ta Australian Open |} == Ƙungiyar Zakarun == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Wasan tsere na Victorian Roller Derby |- | 2012 | Melbourne Vixens (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2013 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds) |- | 2014 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds) |- | 2015 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds)<br /><br /><br /><br /> Matildas (Kwallon ƙafa) (Kwallon ƙafa ta musamman) |- | 2016 | Gasar Rugby Sevens ta Mata ta Australiya (Lu'u-lu'u) |- | 2017 | Matildas (Kwallon ƙafa) |- | 2018 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |- | 2019 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |- | 2022 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |} == Mutumin da ke da Tasirin Wasanni == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2016 | Moya Dodd (FFA kuma Shugaban FIFA) |- | 2017 | Dr Susan Alberti (Mai ba da shawara kan gasar AFL ta mata) |- | 2018 | Raelene Castle (Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Rugby ta Australiya) |- | 2019 | Lynne Anderson (Shugaba a gasar Paralympics ta Australia / Shugabar Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs |- | 2022 | Nicole Livingstone (Babban Manaja na AFLW) |} == Zakaran Wasanni na Gida == A baya an yi masa laƙabi da Gwarzon Gida. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Sarah Mycroft (Gudu) |- | 2012 | Julie Hoffman (Burpee) |- | 2013 | Felicity Palmateer (Surfing) |- | 2014 | Katie Willimas (Tsarin Rayuwa na Surf) |- | 2015 | Jordan Mercer (Ceto Rayuwa a Teku) |- | 2016 | Josie Janz-Dawson (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2017 | Mariella Teuira (wanda ya kafa kungiyar wasanni) |- | 2018 | Wendy Snowball (Keke a kan dutse) |- | 2019 | Lucy Grills (Polocrosse) |- | 2022 | Jacqui Dover (Alkalin wasan ƙwallon kwando) |} == Fitaccen Jagoranci == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Sally Pearson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2012 | Lauren Jackson (Kwallon Kwando) |- | 2013 | [[Natalie von Bertouch]] (Netball) |- | 2014 | Laura Geitz (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2015 | Laura Geitz (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2016 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2017 | Daisy Pearce (AFLW) |- | 2018 | Sam Kerr (Kwallon Kafa) |- | 2019 | Meg Lanning (Kurket) |- | 2022 | Chloe Dalton (AFLW) |} == Wanda Za a Kalla == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Emma Jackson (Triathlon) |- | 2012 | Brittany Broben (Nutsewa) |- | 2013 | [[Ashleigh Barty]] (Tennis) |- | 2014 | Emma McKeon (Yin iyo) |- | 2015 | Eleanor Patterson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2016 | Ella Nelson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2017 | Ashleigh Gardner (Kurket) |- | 2018 | Lucy Bartholomew (Ultramathon tana gudu) |- | 2019 | Lani Pallister (Yin iyo) |- | 2022 | Mary Fowler (Kwallon ƙafa) |} == Matashin Mai Nasara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2022 | Kaylee McKeown (Yin iyo) |} == Kyaututtukan da ba na yau da kullun ba ko waɗanda aka dakatar == * Sabis ga Wasanni: 2011 - Layne Beachley (Surfing); 2013 - Stephanie Gilmore (Surfing); 2014 - Catherine Cox (Netball); 2015 - Lydia Lassila (Skiing a sararin samaniya) * Mafi Girma a Grassroots: 2011 - Cathy Lambert (wasan Paralympic) * Jarumin da ba a taɓa rera waka ba: 2011 - Julie Coutts * Dawowar Shekara: 2011 - Anna Meares (Keke); 2018 - Cate Campbell (Yin iyo); 2019 - Lauren Parker (Para Triathlon) * 'Yan Wasan Fada: 2011 - [[Samantha Stosur|Sam Stosur]] (Tennis); 2012 - Bridie Kean (Kwallon Kwando na Kekunan Kekuna); 2013 - Sally Pearson (Athletics); 2014 - Jordan Mercer (Saving Life Surf); 2015 - Caroline Buchanan (BMX); 2016 - Liesl Tesch (Saling na Paralympic, Kwando na Kekunan Kekuna) da Ruan Sims (Rugby League, Rugby Union) * Mutumin Kalmomin Wasanni: 2011 - Joanna Griggs ( Seven Network ); 2012 - Giaan Rooney ( Nine Network ); 2013 - Liz Ellis ( Fox Sports and SBS ); 2014 - Mel McLaughlin ( Fox Sports and Network 10 ); 2015 - Amanda Shalala ( ABC ) * Gudunmawa ga Al'umma: 2015 - Amna Karra-Hassan (AFL) <ref name="award2011">{{Cite journal |title=Awards |journal=Australian Women's Health |issue=November 2011 |pages=26–28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Health Women's Sport Awards Press Release |url=http://womensportnsw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Womens-Health-Womens-Sports-Awards-Press-Release.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402115047/http://womensportnsw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Womens-Health-Womens-Sports-Awards-Press-Release.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |website=Womensport NSW website}}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=ll Of The Winners From The 2018 Women's Health Women In Sport Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2018-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |access-date=17 October 2018 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Winners Of The 2019 Women In Sport Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2019-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016192754/https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2019-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |archive-date=2019-10-16 |access-date=17 October 2019 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 October 2022 |title=All The Winners Of The 2022 Women In Sports Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/winners-2022-women-in-sports-awards/ |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> == Nassoshi == jfzu63ywv6wna7r3nkl6krepf86wkm5 915499 915498 2026-09-03T13:37:49Z Sirjat 20447 915499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} An fara bayar da kyaututtukan Lafiyar Mata a Wasanni na Mata a Australia a shekarar 2011. [1] Mujallar Lafiyar Mata ta Australia ce ta kafa kyaututtukan domin girmama nasarorin da matan Australiya suka samu a wasanni. Kyaututtukan sune manyan kyaututtukan da ake bai wa mata 'yan ƙasar Ostiraliya a fannin wasanni da kuma 'yan wasa masu ɗaukar nauyi, wasanni, ƙungiyoyi, shugabanni da 'yan jarida. [2] Ana kuma kiran kyaututtukan da "Ina Tallafawa Mata a Wasanni". == Zauren Shahararru == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2015 | Susie O'Neill (Yin iyo) |- | 2016 | Layne Beachley (Surfing) |- | 2017 | Betty Cuthbert (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2018 | Evonne Goolagong Cawley (Tennis) |- | 2019 | Liz Ellis (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2022 | Lauren Jackson (Kwallon Kwando) |} == 'Yar Wasan Lafiyar Mata == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Stephanie Gilmore (Surfing) |- | 2012 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2013 | Sally Fitzgibbons (Surfing) |- | 2014 | Sally Pearson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2015 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2016 | Kim Brennan (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2017 | Samantha Kerr (Kwallon Kafa) |- | 2018 | Cate Campbell (Yin iyo) |- | 2019 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]] (Tennis) |- | 2022 | Madison de Rozario (Para Athletics) |} == Mace Mai Kyau a Wasanni == Kyautar Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Ostiraliya. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Ba a bayar da kyautar ba |- | 2012 | Jacqueline Freney (Minkin Paralympic) |- | 2013 | Kim Crow (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2014 | Jessica Fox (Jirgin ruwa) |- | 2015 | Ellyse Perry (Kurket/Kwallon ƙafa) |- | 2016 | [[Michelle Payne]] (Tseren Doki) |- | 2017 | Britteny Cox (Mogul skiing) |- | 2018 | Skye Nicolson (Dambe) |- | 2019 | Hannah Green (Golfu) |- | 2022 | Ellie Cole (Para Swimming) |} == Lokacin Fitowa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Jessica Watson, yunƙurin zagaya duniya a cikin jirgin ruwa a lokacin tana 'yar shekara 16 |- | 2012 | Sally Pearson, wacce ta lashe lambar zinare ta tseren mita 100 a gasar tseren London ta 2012 |- | 2013 | Gasar Hockeyroos, Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya |- | 2014 | Bronte Campbell, Melanie Schlanger, Emma McKeon, Cate Campbell - Sabon Rikodin Duniya, tseren mita 4x100 na mata a Glasgow 2014 |- | 2015 | Minjee Lee, ta lashe gasar LPGA ta farko |- | 2016 | Chloe Esposito - Lambar zinare ta zamani ta Pentathlon a gasar Rio 2016 [[Michelle Payne]] - Mace ta farko da ta lashe gasar Melbourne Cup (Zaɓin masu karatu) |- | 2017 | Wasan farko na AFLW, Carlton da Collingwood |- | 2018 | Ellyse Perry, Shekaru Biyu a cikin Gwajin Toka na Rana da Dare |- | 2019 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]], Gasar Zakarun Mata ta Faransa Open |- | 2022 | [[Ashleigh Barty|Ash Barty]], Gasar Mata Masu Wasa Guda Ɗaya ta Australian Open |} == Ƙungiyar Zakarun == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Wasan tsere na Victorian Roller Derby |- | 2012 | Melbourne Vixens (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2013 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds) |- | 2014 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds) |- | 2015 | Ƙungiyar ƙwallon raga ta Australiya (Diamonds)<br /><br /><br /><br /> Matildas (Kwallon ƙafa) (Kwallon ƙafa ta musamman) |- | 2016 | Gasar Rugby Sevens ta Mata ta Australiya (Lu'u-lu'u) |- | 2017 | Matildas (Kwallon ƙafa) |- | 2018 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |- | 2019 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |- | 2022 | Ƙungiyar Wasan Kurket ta Mata ta Australiya |} == Mutumin da ke da Tasirin Wasanni == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2016 | Moya Dodd (FFA kuma Shugaban FIFA) |- | 2017 | Dr Susan Alberti (Mai ba da shawara kan gasar AFL ta mata) |- | 2018 | Raelene Castle (Babban Jami'in Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Rugby ta Australiya) |- | 2019 | Lynne Anderson (Shugaba a gasar Paralympics ta Australia / Shugabar Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs |- | 2022 | Nicole Livingstone (Babban Manaja na AFLW) |} == Zakaran Wasanni na Gida == A baya an yi masa laƙabi da Gwarzon Gida. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Sarah Mycroft (Gudu) |- | 2012 | Julie Hoffman (Burpee) |- | 2013 | Felicity Palmateer (Surfing) |- | 2014 | Katie Willimas (Tsarin Rayuwa na Surf) |- | 2015 | Jordan Mercer (Ceto Rayuwa a Teku) |- | 2016 | Josie Janz-Dawson (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2017 | Mariella Teuira (wanda ya kafa kungiyar wasanni) |- | 2018 | Wendy Snowball (Keke a kan dutse) |- | 2019 | Lucy Grills (Polocrosse) |- | 2022 | Jacqui Dover (Alkalin wasan ƙwallon kwando) |} == Fitaccen Jagoranci == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Sally Pearson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2012 | Lauren Jackson (Kwallon Kwando) |- | 2013 | [[Natalie von Bertouch]] (Netball) |- | 2014 | Laura Geitz (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2015 | Laura Geitz (Wasan Kwallo na Net) |- | 2016 | Anna Meares (Keke) |- | 2017 | Daisy Pearce (AFLW) |- | 2018 | Sam Kerr (Kwallon Kafa) |- | 2019 | Meg Lanning (Kurket) |- | 2022 | Chloe Dalton (AFLW) |} == Wanda Za a Kalla == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2011 | Emma Jackson (Triathlon) |- | 2012 | Brittany Broben (Nutsewa) |- | 2013 | [[Ashleigh Barty]] (Tennis) |- | 2014 | Emma McKeon (Yin iyo) |- | 2015 | Eleanor Patterson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2016 | Ella Nelson (Wasannin motsa jiki) |- | 2017 | Ashleigh Gardner (Kurket) |- | 2018 | Lucy Bartholomew (Ultramathon tana gudu) |- | 2019 | Lani Pallister (Yin iyo) |- | 2022 | Mary Fowler (Kwallon ƙafa) |} == Matashin Mai Nasara == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara ! Suna |- | 2022 | Kaylee McKeown (Yin iyo) |} == Kyaututtukan da ba na yau da kullun ba ko waɗanda aka dakatar == * Sabis ga Wasanni: 2011 - Layne Beachley (Surfing); 2013 - Stephanie Gilmore (Surfing); 2014 - Catherine Cox (Netball); 2015 - Lydia Lassila (Skiing a sararin samaniya) * Mafi Girma a Grassroots: 2011 - Cathy Lambert (wasan Paralympic) * Jarumin da ba a taɓa rera waka ba: 2011 - Julie Coutts * Dawowar Shekara: 2011 - Anna Meares (Keke); 2018 - Cate Campbell (Yin iyo); 2019 - Lauren Parker (Para Triathlon) * 'Yan Wasan Fada: 2011 - [[Samantha Stosur|Sam Stosur]] (Tennis); 2012 - Bridie Kean (Kwallon Kwando na Kekunan Kekuna); 2013 - Sally Pearson (Athletics); 2014 - Jordan Mercer (Saving Life Surf); 2015 - Caroline Buchanan (BMX); 2016 - Liesl Tesch (Saling na Paralympic, Kwando na Kekunan Kekuna) da Ruan Sims (Rugby League, Rugby Union) * Mutumin Kalmomin Wasanni: 2011 - Joanna Griggs ( Seven Network ); 2012 - Giaan Rooney ( Nine Network ); 2013 - Liz Ellis ( Fox Sports and SBS ); 2014 - Mel McLaughlin ( Fox Sports and Network 10 ); 2015 - Amanda Shalala ( ABC ) * Gudunmawa ga Al'umma: 2015 - Amna Karra-Hassan (AFL) <ref name="award2011">{{Cite journal |title=Awards |journal=Australian Women's Health |issue=November 2011 |pages=26–28}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's Health Women's Sport Awards Press Release |url=http://womensportnsw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Womens-Health-Womens-Sports-Awards-Press-Release.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402115047/http://womensportnsw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Womens-Health-Womens-Sports-Awards-Press-Release.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2017 |access-date=23 October 2017 |website=Womensport NSW website}}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=ll Of The Winners From The 2018 Women's Health Women In Sport Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2018-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |access-date=17 October 2018 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Winners Of The 2019 Women In Sport Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2019-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016192754/https://www.womenshealth.com.au/2019-womens-health-women-in-sport-awards-winners |archive-date=2019-10-16 |access-date=17 October 2019 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 October 2022 |title=All The Winners Of The 2022 Women In Sports Awards |url=https://www.womenshealth.com.au/winners-2022-women-in-sports-awards/ |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=Women's Health}}</ref> == Nassoshi == 7ntkt62y3dy0pfbxeqmdk01ttto1hug 0 166223 915502 2026-09-03T13:40:20Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366786641|Anne Will]]" 915502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne Will''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966) 'yar jaridar talabijin ce ta Jamus kuma mai gabatar da shirin tattaunawa na siyasa. Ta kasance mai ba da labari na yau da kullun na ''Tagesthemen'' da aka watsa a kan ARD daga 2001 har zuwa 2007. <ref name="ndr-bio">{{Cite web |title=Anne Will - Persönlich |url=http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205103529/http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=2008-01-29 |publisher=NDR |language=German}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Will a ranar 18 ga Maris 1966 a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus ta Yamma, 'yar wani masanin gine-gine. Ta girma a Hürth kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Albert-Schweitzer-Gymnasium . Daga 1985 ta yi karatun tarihi, siyasa, da Ingilishi a Cologne da [[Berlin]], tare da tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert (FES). Yayinda take daliba tana da labaran da aka buga a cikin jaridu na ''Kölnische Rundschau'' da ''Berliner Volksblatt'' . A shekara ta 1990 ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na Magister daga Jami'ar Cologne . == Ayyuka a talabijin == Will ta fara aikinta a rediyo da talabijin a Sender Freies Berlin . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A ƙarshen 1992 ta fara gabatar da shirin tattaunawa Mal ehrlich da mujallar ''Wasanni'' Sportpalast . Ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Westdeutscher Rundfunk na ''Parlazzo'' daga 1996 zuwa 1998. <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 Will ta zama mace ta farko da ta dauki bakuncin ''Wasanni'' kwaikwayo na Sportschau. A lokacin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa daga [[Sydney]], Australia don ARD . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> Daga 14 ga Afrilu 2001 zuwa 24 ga Yuni 2007 ta gabatar da mujallar labarai ta dare ''Tagesthemen'' tare da Ulrich Wickert kuma, daga Satumba 2006, tare da magajinsa Tom Buhrow . === ''Anne Will'', 2007-2023 === Shirin tattaunawar siyasa na Will ''Anne Will'' ya gudana daga 16 ga Satumba 2007 zuwa 3 ga Disamba 2023. Ya yi nasarar irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon na Sabine Christiansen lokacin da Christiansen ya yi ritaya. Caren Miosga ya gaji Will a ''Tagesthemen''. Tare da Maybrit Illner, Peter Kloeppel da Stefan Raab, Will ya kuma gudanar da muhawara ta zaben talabijin kawai tsakanin Shugaba [[Angela Merkel]] da mai fafatawa Peer Steinbrück kafin [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|Zaben 2013]], wanda aka watsa shi kai tsaye a kan tashoshin talabijin hudu da aka fi kallo a lokacin firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2013 |title=Anne Will moderiert TV-Duell |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/meinung/anne-will-moderiert-tv-duell-quote-nur-um-der-quote-willen-nicht-mit-mir/7882788.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Tagesspiegel]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=The day of the debate |url=http://www.dw.com/en/merkel-and-steinbr%C3%BCck-prepare-for-german-tv-election-debate/a-17058378 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi hira da Merkel a watan Satumbar 2009 (ba da daɗewa ba kafin [[2009 German federal election|Zaben 2009]]), a watan Oktoba 2015, a watan Fabrairun 2016, Nuwamba 2016 da kuma a watan Yunin 2018 (bayan taron koli na 44 na G7). Ta karbi bakuncin magajin Merkel [[Olaf Scholz]] a karo na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maier |first=Anja |date=28 March 2022 |title=Maximale Unerschütterlichkeit |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2022-03/olaf-scholz-ukraine-krieg-anne-will |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelnberger |first=Josef |date=28 March 2022 |title=Der Kanzler macht alles richtig, sagt der Kanzler |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/olaf-scholz-anne-will-tv-kritik-1.5555043 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> Daga cikin manyan jami'an kasa da kasa da suka bayyana a wasan kwaikwayon sun hada da ministocin kasashen waje na Austria da [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], Sebastian Kurz (2016) da Jean Asselborn (2014, 2015 da 2018). A shekara ta 2010, Will ya yi hira da tsohon Shugaba kasar Gerhard Schröder don jaridar yau da kullun Süddeutsche Zeitung . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Will |first=Anne |date=17 May 2010 |title="Ich bin am Anfang fürchterlich verdroschen worden - sprachlich" |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/interview-mit-gerhard-schroeder-ich-bin-am-anfang-fuerchterlich-verdroschen-worden-sprachlich-1.417602 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] crasrup38ryhxljqy2ads52eb0e17xv 915504 915502 2026-09-03T13:40:46Z Usman saadu 46863 915504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Will''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966) 'yar jaridar talabijin ce ta Jamus kuma mai gabatar da shirin tattaunawa na siyasa. Ta kasance mai ba da labari na yau da kullun na ''Tagesthemen'' da aka watsa a kan ARD daga 2001 har zuwa 2007. <ref name="ndr-bio">{{Cite web |title=Anne Will - Persönlich |url=http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205103529/http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=2008-01-29 |publisher=NDR |language=German}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Will a ranar 18 ga Maris 1966 a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus ta Yamma, 'yar wani masanin gine-gine. Ta girma a Hürth kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Albert-Schweitzer-Gymnasium . Daga 1985 ta yi karatun tarihi, siyasa, da Ingilishi a Cologne da [[Berlin]], tare da tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert (FES). Yayinda take daliba tana da labaran da aka buga a cikin jaridu na ''Kölnische Rundschau'' da ''Berliner Volksblatt'' . A shekara ta 1990 ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na Magister daga Jami'ar Cologne . == Ayyuka a talabijin == Will ta fara aikinta a rediyo da talabijin a Sender Freies Berlin . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A ƙarshen 1992 ta fara gabatar da shirin tattaunawa Mal ehrlich da mujallar ''Wasanni'' Sportpalast . Ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Westdeutscher Rundfunk na ''Parlazzo'' daga 1996 zuwa 1998. <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 Will ta zama mace ta farko da ta dauki bakuncin ''Wasanni'' kwaikwayo na Sportschau. A lokacin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa daga [[Sydney]], Australia don ARD . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> Daga 14 ga Afrilu 2001 zuwa 24 ga Yuni 2007 ta gabatar da mujallar labarai ta dare ''Tagesthemen'' tare da Ulrich Wickert kuma, daga Satumba 2006, tare da magajinsa Tom Buhrow . === ''Anne Will'', 2007-2023 === Shirin tattaunawar siyasa na Will ''Anne Will'' ya gudana daga 16 ga Satumba 2007 zuwa 3 ga Disamba 2023. Ya yi nasarar irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon na Sabine Christiansen lokacin da Christiansen ya yi ritaya. Caren Miosga ya gaji Will a ''Tagesthemen''. Tare da Maybrit Illner, Peter Kloeppel da Stefan Raab, Will ya kuma gudanar da muhawara ta zaben talabijin kawai tsakanin Shugaba [[Angela Merkel]] da mai fafatawa Peer Steinbrück kafin [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|Zaben 2013]], wanda aka watsa shi kai tsaye a kan tashoshin talabijin hudu da aka fi kallo a lokacin firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2013 |title=Anne Will moderiert TV-Duell |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/meinung/anne-will-moderiert-tv-duell-quote-nur-um-der-quote-willen-nicht-mit-mir/7882788.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Tagesspiegel]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=The day of the debate |url=http://www.dw.com/en/merkel-and-steinbr%C3%BCck-prepare-for-german-tv-election-debate/a-17058378 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi hira da Merkel a watan Satumbar 2009 (ba da daɗewa ba kafin [[2009 German federal election|Zaben 2009]]), a watan Oktoba 2015, a watan Fabrairun 2016, Nuwamba 2016 da kuma a watan Yunin 2018 (bayan taron koli na 44 na G7). Ta karbi bakuncin magajin Merkel [[Olaf Scholz]] a karo na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maier |first=Anja |date=28 March 2022 |title=Maximale Unerschütterlichkeit |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2022-03/olaf-scholz-ukraine-krieg-anne-will |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelnberger |first=Josef |date=28 March 2022 |title=Der Kanzler macht alles richtig, sagt der Kanzler |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/olaf-scholz-anne-will-tv-kritik-1.5555043 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> Daga cikin manyan jami'an kasa da kasa da suka bayyana a wasan kwaikwayon sun hada da ministocin kasashen waje na Austria da [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], Sebastian Kurz (2016) da Jean Asselborn (2014, 2015 da 2018). A shekara ta 2010, Will ya yi hira da tsohon Shugaba kasar Gerhard Schröder don jaridar yau da kullun Süddeutsche Zeitung . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Will |first=Anne |date=17 May 2010 |title="Ich bin am Anfang fürchterlich verdroschen worden - sprachlich" |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/interview-mit-gerhard-schroeder-ich-bin-am-anfang-fuerchterlich-verdroschen-worden-sprachlich-1.417602 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] grtjtwfhw7w3dxu3cj1kbhr9lxl0w60 915505 915504 2026-09-03T13:41:20Z Usman saadu 46863 915505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Will''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966) 'yar jaridar talabijin ce ta Jamus kuma mai gabatar da shirin tattaunawa na siyasa. Ta kasance mai ba da labari na yau da kullun na ''Tagesthemen'' da aka watsa a kan ARD daga shekarar 2001 har zuwa 2007. <ref name="ndr-bio">{{Cite web |title=Anne Will - Persönlich |url=http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205103529/http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=2008-01-29 |publisher=NDR |language=German}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Will a ranar 18 ga Maris 1966 a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus ta Yamma, 'yar wani masanin gine-gine. Ta girma a Hürth kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Albert-Schweitzer-Gymnasium . Daga 1985 ta yi karatun tarihi, siyasa, da Ingilishi a Cologne da [[Berlin]], tare da tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert (FES). Yayinda take daliba tana da labaran da aka buga a cikin jaridu na ''Kölnische Rundschau'' da ''Berliner Volksblatt'' . A shekara ta 1990 ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na Magister daga Jami'ar Cologne . == Ayyuka a talabijin == Will ta fara aikinta a rediyo da talabijin a Sender Freies Berlin . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A ƙarshen 1992 ta fara gabatar da shirin tattaunawa Mal ehrlich da mujallar ''Wasanni'' Sportpalast . Ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Westdeutscher Rundfunk na ''Parlazzo'' daga 1996 zuwa 1998. <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 Will ta zama mace ta farko da ta dauki bakuncin ''Wasanni'' kwaikwayo na Sportschau. A lokacin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa daga [[Sydney]], Australia don ARD . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> Daga 14 ga Afrilu 2001 zuwa 24 ga Yuni 2007 ta gabatar da mujallar labarai ta dare ''Tagesthemen'' tare da Ulrich Wickert kuma, daga Satumba 2006, tare da magajinsa Tom Buhrow . === ''Anne Will'', 2007-2023 === Shirin tattaunawar siyasa na Will ''Anne Will'' ya gudana daga 16 ga Satumba 2007 zuwa 3 ga Disamba 2023. Ya yi nasarar irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon na Sabine Christiansen lokacin da Christiansen ya yi ritaya. Caren Miosga ya gaji Will a ''Tagesthemen''. Tare da Maybrit Illner, Peter Kloeppel da Stefan Raab, Will ya kuma gudanar da muhawara ta zaben talabijin kawai tsakanin Shugaba [[Angela Merkel]] da mai fafatawa Peer Steinbrück kafin [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|Zaben 2013]], wanda aka watsa shi kai tsaye a kan tashoshin talabijin hudu da aka fi kallo a lokacin firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2013 |title=Anne Will moderiert TV-Duell |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/meinung/anne-will-moderiert-tv-duell-quote-nur-um-der-quote-willen-nicht-mit-mir/7882788.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Tagesspiegel]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=The day of the debate |url=http://www.dw.com/en/merkel-and-steinbr%C3%BCck-prepare-for-german-tv-election-debate/a-17058378 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi hira da Merkel a watan Satumbar 2009 (ba da daɗewa ba kafin [[2009 German federal election|Zaben 2009]]), a watan Oktoba 2015, a watan Fabrairun 2016, Nuwamba 2016 da kuma a watan Yunin 2018 (bayan taron koli na 44 na G7). Ta karbi bakuncin magajin Merkel [[Olaf Scholz]] a karo na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maier |first=Anja |date=28 March 2022 |title=Maximale Unerschütterlichkeit |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2022-03/olaf-scholz-ukraine-krieg-anne-will |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelnberger |first=Josef |date=28 March 2022 |title=Der Kanzler macht alles richtig, sagt der Kanzler |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/olaf-scholz-anne-will-tv-kritik-1.5555043 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> Daga cikin manyan jami'an kasa da kasa da suka bayyana a wasan kwaikwayon sun hada da ministocin kasashen waje na Austria da [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], Sebastian Kurz (2016) da Jean Asselborn (2014, 2015 da 2018). A shekara ta 2010, Will ya yi hira da tsohon Shugaba kasar Gerhard Schröder don jaridar yau da kullun Süddeutsche Zeitung . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Will |first=Anne |date=17 May 2010 |title="Ich bin am Anfang fürchterlich verdroschen worden - sprachlich" |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/interview-mit-gerhard-schroeder-ich-bin-am-anfang-fuerchterlich-verdroschen-worden-sprachlich-1.417602 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] bp1ffm5km9tasrba664jr4g92uov3mf 915507 915505 2026-09-03T13:41:53Z Usman saadu 46863 915507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anne Will''' (an haife ta a ranar 18 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1966) 'yar jaridar talabijin ce ta Jamus kuma mai gabatar da shirin tattaunawa na siyasa. Ta kasance mai ba da labari na yau da kullun na ''Tagesthemen'' da aka watsa a kan ARD daga shekarar 2001 har zuwa 2007. <ref name="ndr-bio">{{Cite web |title=Anne Will - Persönlich |url=http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205103529/http://daserste.ndr.de/annewill/annewill/t_spm-15602_.html |archive-date=5 February 2008 |access-date=2008-01-29 |publisher=NDR |language=German}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>An haifi Will a ranar 18 ga watan Maris a shekara ta 1966 a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus ta Yamma, 'yar wani masanin gine-gine. Ta girma a Hürth kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Albert-Schweitzer-Gymnasium . Daga 1985 ta yi karatun tarihi, siyasa, da Ingilishi a Cologne da [[Berlin]], tare da tallafin karatu na Gidauniyar Friedrich Ebert (FES). Yayinda take daliba tana da labaran da aka buga a cikin jaridu na ''Kölnische Rundschau'' da ''Berliner Volksblatt'' . A shekara ta 1990 ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na Magister daga Jami'ar Cologne . == Ayyuka a talabijin == Will ta fara aikinta a rediyo da talabijin a Sender Freies Berlin . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A ƙarshen 1992 ta fara gabatar da shirin tattaunawa Mal ehrlich da mujallar ''Wasanni'' Sportpalast . Ta dauki bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na Westdeutscher Rundfunk na ''Parlazzo'' daga 1996 zuwa 1998. <ref name="ndr-bio" /> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 Will ta zama mace ta farko da ta dauki bakuncin ''Wasanni'' kwaikwayo na Sportschau. A lokacin Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2000, ta gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa daga [[Sydney]], Australia don ARD . <ref name="ndr-bio" /> Daga 14 ga Afrilu 2001 zuwa 24 ga Yuni 2007 ta gabatar da mujallar labarai ta dare ''Tagesthemen'' tare da Ulrich Wickert kuma, daga Satumba 2006, tare da magajinsa Tom Buhrow . === ''Anne Will'', 2007-2023 === Shirin tattaunawar siyasa na Will ''Anne Will'' ya gudana daga 16 ga Satumba 2007 zuwa 3 ga Disamba 2023. Ya yi nasarar irin wannan wasan kwaikwayon na Sabine Christiansen lokacin da Christiansen ya yi ritaya. Caren Miosga ya gaji Will a ''Tagesthemen''. Tare da Maybrit Illner, Peter Kloeppel da Stefan Raab, Will ya kuma gudanar da muhawara ta zaben talabijin kawai tsakanin Shugaba [[Angela Merkel]] da mai fafatawa Peer Steinbrück kafin [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|Zaben 2013]], wanda aka watsa shi kai tsaye a kan tashoshin talabijin hudu da aka fi kallo a lokacin firamare.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2013 |title=Anne Will moderiert TV-Duell |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/meinung/anne-will-moderiert-tv-duell-quote-nur-um-der-quote-willen-nicht-mit-mir/7882788.html |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Tagesspiegel]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2013 |title=The day of the debate |url=http://www.dw.com/en/merkel-and-steinbr%C3%BCck-prepare-for-german-tv-election-debate/a-17058378 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi hira da Merkel a watan Satumbar 2009 (ba da daɗewa ba kafin [[2009 German federal election|Zaben 2009]]), a watan Oktoba 2015, a watan Fabrairun 2016, Nuwamba 2016 da kuma a watan Yunin 2018 (bayan taron koli na 44 na G7). Ta karbi bakuncin magajin Merkel [[Olaf Scholz]] a karo na farko a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maier |first=Anja |date=28 March 2022 |title=Maximale Unerschütterlichkeit |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2022-03/olaf-scholz-ukraine-krieg-anne-will |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Die Zeit]] |language=DE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelnberger |first=Josef |date=28 March 2022 |title=Der Kanzler macht alles richtig, sagt der Kanzler |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/olaf-scholz-anne-will-tv-kritik-1.5555043 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> Daga cikin manyan jami'an kasa da kasa da suka bayyana a wasan kwaikwayon sun hada da ministocin kasashen waje na Austria da [[Luksamburg|Luxembourg]], Sebastian Kurz (2016) da Jean Asselborn (2014, 2015 da 2018). A shekara ta 2010, Will ya yi hira da tsohon Shugaba kasar Gerhard Schröder don jaridar yau da kullun Süddeutsche Zeitung . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Will |first=Anne |date=17 May 2010 |title="Ich bin am Anfang fürchterlich verdroschen worden - sprachlich" |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/interview-mit-gerhard-schroeder-ich-bin-am-anfang-fuerchterlich-verdroschen-worden-sprachlich-1.417602 |access-date=13 June 2023 |website=[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]] |language=DE}}</ref> === Manazarta === [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] ahriijwcqef3mrr0rmwkix2mu8u76ce 0 166224 915509 2026-09-03T13:43:16Z Sirjat 20447 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370328386|Susie O'Neill]]" 915509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan O'Neill''', AM (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973) tsohuwar mai yin ninkaya ce 'yar ƙasar Ostiraliya daga [[Brisbane]], Queensland, wacce aka yi wa laƙabi da "Madame Butterfly". Ta samu lambobin yabo guda takwas na wasannin Olympics a lokacin da take yin ninkaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi O'Neill a ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973 a Mackay, Queensland, ga Trish da John O'Neill. Tana da 'yan'uwa biyu, ɗan'uwa ɗaya da 'yar'uwa ɗaya. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa [[Brisbane]] kuma ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Lourdes Hill]] (LHC) da ke Hawthorne . A lokacin da yake a LHC, O'Neill ya yi fice a wasanni, inda ya kafa tarihin makaranta a tseren mita 50 da mita 100 na malam buɗe ido, salon motsa jiki, da kuma bugun baya. Ta kuma kasance zakaran LHC na ketare ƙasa kuma ta kafa tarihi na tsawon shekaru 13 na tseren mita 800 a 1986 da kuma tsawon shekaru 15 na tseren mita 400 a 1988 a wasannin motsa jiki. Duk waɗannan bayanan sun kasance har zuwa shekarar 2011. <ref name="CL" /> <ref name="SAHOF">{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill |url=https://sahof.org.au/hall-of-fame-member/susie-oneill/ |access-date=24 September 2020 |publisher=[[Sport Australia Hall of Fame Awards|Sport Australia Hall of Fame]]}}</ref> == Aikin ninkaya == O'Neill ya lashe tseren mita 200 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 da kuma tseren mita 200 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. Ta lashe kofuna 35 na Australiya, lambobin Olympics 8 ciki har da zinare 2, da lambobin zinare 24 a manyan gasannin duniya. Emma McKeon, Ian Thorpe da Leisel Jones ne kawai suka lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics ga Ostiraliya. A lokacin da ta fara shiga gasar kasa da kasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990, ta lashe lambobin yabo guda biyu (zinare da azurfa), kuma ta ci gaba da kara lambobin yabo a kowace gasar kasa da kasa har zuwa gasar Olympics ta karshe. A gaban taron jama'a a gasar Olympics ta 2000, ta karya tarihin duniya na tsawon shekaru 19 na wani "Madame Butterfly", Mary T. Meagher, a tseren mita 200, amma an doke ta a wasan Olympics na 2000 ta hannun American Misty Hyman . Ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin Bernie Wakefield har zuwa 1994, sannan Scott Volkers a Commercial Swimming Club da ke Brisbane. == Post swimming career == O'Neill jakada ne na Gidauniyar Fred Hollows . Ta bayar da sharhi a Gasar Commonwealth ta 2006 da aka yi a [[Melbourne]] ga Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya . Ta kasance wakiliyar 'yan wasan Oceania a Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2005. Lokacin da ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na memba, Barbara Kendall ta maye gurbinta. <ref name="aoc">{{Cite web |title=AOC Office Bearers and Australian IOC Members |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/footer/the-aoc/state-olympic-councils/inside-the-aoc/office-bearers-and-australian-ioc-members |access-date=13 May 2015 |website=[[Australian Olympic Committee]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, O'Neill ya yi ta fitowa akai-akai a fina-finan ''Ash, Kip & Luttsy'' tsawon shekaru da dama kafin ya shiga kungiyar a hukumance a shekarar 2019, a lokacin ne aka sake sanya wa shirin suna ''Ash, Luttsy &amp;amp; Susie'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill joins the Nova 106.9 breakfast team full-time |url=https://www.mediaweek.com.au/susie-oneill-joins-the-nova-106-9-breakfast-team-full-time/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=[[Mediaweek (Australia)|Mediaweek]]}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da zama mai masaukin baki har zuwa Nuwamba 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Sarah |date=2024-11-27 |title=Susie O'Neill to embark on new chapter with Nova |url=https://radiotoday.com.au/susie-oneill-to-embark-on-new-chapter-with-nova/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Radio Today |language=en-AU}}</ref> A shekarar 2026 ta koma shirin. A watan Mayu na 2019, an sanar da O'Neill a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaba na Ofishin Jakadancin Ostiraliya na Gasar Olympics ta 2021 a [[Tokyo]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Key appointments to leadership teams for Tokyo 2020 and other games announced |url=https://www.olympics.com.au/news/key-appointments-to-leadership-teams-for-tokyo-2020-other-games-announced/ |access-date=3 May 2019 |website=olympics.com.au}}</ref> tare da sauran 'yan wasan Olympics, Evelyn Halls da Kim Brennan . == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1996 – an ba shi Kofin Duniya na Australasia . * 1996 – wacce ta lashe kyautar tare da Jackie Gallagher ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya 'yar wasa mace ta shekara <ref name="cas">{{Cite web |title=Australian Sport Awards |url=http://www.sportforall.com.au/?page_id=100 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208025314/http://www.sportforall.com.au/?page_id=100 |archive-date=8 February 2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |website=Confederation of Australian Sport}}</ref> * 1997 – An ba O'Neill lambar yabo ta Ranar Australiya, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of Australia Medal ( OAM ) "saboda hidimar wasanni a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare a Gasar Olympics ta Atlanta, 1996." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan O'Neill OAM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/887461 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 1998 – an ba ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya a matsayin 'yar wasa ta shekara ta mace <ref name="cas" /> * 1998 – an nada shi a matsayin Fivourite Female Sports Star a 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuk |first=T. |title=1998 People's Choice Awards |url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/awards/people1998.html |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Australian Television Information Archive}}</ref> da kuma 1999 Australian People's Choice Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuk |first=T. |title=1999 People's Choice Awards |url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/awards/people1999.html |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Australian Television Information Archive}}</ref> * 14 ga Yuli 2000 – an ba ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya saboda "babban gudunmawarta a matsayinta na mai fafatawa a ninkaya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan O'Neill |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/980773 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 2000 – Hukumar Sufuri ta Jiha ta sanya wa jirgin ruwan SuperCat suna bayan O'Neill. * 2000 – A gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000, an zaɓe ta a Hukumar 'Yan Wasa ta Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics ta Duniya ta hanyar masu fafatawa a Wasannin 2000, amma nauyin iyali ya sa ta yi murabus a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Harry |title=Susie O'Neill |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/athlete/susie-o-neill |access-date=4 August 2015 |website=Australian Olympic Committee website}}</ref> * 1 ga Janairu 2001 – an ba shi lambar yabo ta ƙarni "Domin hidima ga al'umma ta hanyar lafiya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1119358 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 5 ga Disamba 2002 – an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Wasannin Ostiraliya . <ref name="SAHOF" /> * 2009 – an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Wasannin Queensland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Susan O'Neill OAM |url=http://www.qsport.org.au/qshof/biography.asp?ID=11 |access-date=20 January 2014 |website=Queensland Sport Hall of Fame |publisher=qsport.org.au}}</ref> * 10 ga Yuni 2009 – a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin Q150, an sanar da O'Neill a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Guraben Q150 na Queensland saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin "tauraron wasanni". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bligh |first=Anna |author-link=Anna Bligh |date=10 June 2009 |title=PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS |url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524033717/http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301 |archive-date=24 May 2017 |access-date=24 May 2017 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> * 2012 – an ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin gwarzon wasanni na 34 na ƙungiyar wasanni ta Sport Australia Hall of Fame. <ref name="SAHOF" /> * 2018 – an naɗa shi memba na Order of Australia ( AM ) a Australia Ranar Girmamawa "Don muhimmin hidima ga ninkaya a matakin ƙwararru, a matsayin mai ba da shawara da abin koyi, da kuma ga al'umma ta hanyar tallafawa ƙungiyoyin agaji." * 2023 – An shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun Masu Wasa a Swimming Australia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanson |first=Ian |date=10 November 2023 |title=Aussie Home Games Heroes Susie O'Neill, Murray Rose And Lorraine Crapp Inducted into Swimming Australia's Hall Of Fame |url=https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/susie-oneill-murray-rose-and-lorraine-crapp-inducted-into-swimming-australias-hall-of-fame/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=Swimming World}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == O'Neill ya auri Cliff Fairley, wanda ke aiki a matsayin likitan ido, a shekarar 1998. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. == Taimakon jama'a == O'Neill da mijinta, Cliff Fairley, jakadu ne na Gidauniyar Fred Hollows. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2009 |title=Susie O'Neill is seeing life differently {{!}} Atlantic Philanthropies |url=https://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/news/susie-oneill-seeing-life-differently |access-date=28 July 2020 |website=The Atlantic Philanthropies |language=en}}</ref> Gidauniyar Fred Hollows ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta wadda ke ilmantar da likitocin tiyata kan yadda za a warkar [[Makanta|da makanta]] da za a iya gujewa a cikin al'ummomi da ƙasashe marasa galihu. <ref name=":0" /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] 2maglq5aplp1ezwnuq1q3b3e6vc5oiq 915510 915509 2026-09-03T13:43:38Z Sirjat 20447 915510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Susan O'Neill''', AM (an haife ta a ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973) tsohuwar mai yin ninkaya ce 'yar ƙasar Ostiraliya daga [[Brisbane]], Queensland, wacce aka yi wa laƙabi da "Madame Butterfly". Ta samu lambobin yabo guda takwas na wasannin Olympics a lokacin da take yin ninkaya. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi O'Neill a ranar 2 ga Agusta 1973 a Mackay, Queensland, ga Trish da John O'Neill. Tana da 'yan'uwa biyu, ɗan'uwa ɗaya da 'yar'uwa ɗaya. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa [[Brisbane]] kuma ta yi karatu a [[Kwalejin Lourdes Hill]] (LHC) da ke Hawthorne . A lokacin da yake a LHC, O'Neill ya yi fice a wasanni, inda ya kafa tarihin makaranta a tseren mita 50 da mita 100 na malam buɗe ido, salon motsa jiki, da kuma bugun baya. Ta kuma kasance zakaran LHC na ketare ƙasa kuma ta kafa tarihi na tsawon shekaru 13 na tseren mita 800 a 1986 da kuma tsawon shekaru 15 na tseren mita 400 a 1988 a wasannin motsa jiki. Duk waɗannan bayanan sun kasance har zuwa shekarar 2011. <ref name="CL" /> <ref name="SAHOF">{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill |url=https://sahof.org.au/hall-of-fame-member/susie-oneill/ |access-date=24 September 2020 |publisher=[[Sport Australia Hall of Fame Awards|Sport Australia Hall of Fame]]}}</ref> == Aikin ninkaya == O'Neill ya lashe tseren mita 200 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1996 da kuma tseren mita 200 a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. Ta lashe kofuna 35 na Australiya, lambobin Olympics 8 ciki har da zinare 2, da lambobin zinare 24 a manyan gasannin duniya. Emma McKeon, Ian Thorpe da Leisel Jones ne kawai suka lashe lambobin yabo na Olympics ga Ostiraliya. A lokacin da ta fara shiga gasar kasa da kasa a wasannin Commonwealth na 1990, ta lashe lambobin yabo guda biyu (zinare da azurfa), kuma ta ci gaba da kara lambobin yabo a kowace gasar kasa da kasa har zuwa gasar Olympics ta karshe. A gaban taron jama'a a gasar Olympics ta 2000, ta karya tarihin duniya na tsawon shekaru 19 na wani "Madame Butterfly", Mary T. Meagher, a tseren mita 200, amma an doke ta a wasan Olympics na 2000 ta hannun American Misty Hyman . Ta yi horo a ƙarƙashin Bernie Wakefield har zuwa 1994, sannan Scott Volkers a Commercial Swimming Club da ke Brisbane. == Post swimming career == O'Neill jakada ne na Gidauniyar Fred Hollows . Ta bayar da sharhi a Gasar Commonwealth ta 2006 da aka yi a [[Melbourne]] ga Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australiya . Ta kasance wakiliyar 'yan wasan Oceania a Kwamitin Olympics na Duniya daga 2000 zuwa 2005. Lokacin da ta yi murabus daga matsayinta na memba, Barbara Kendall ta maye gurbinta. <ref name="aoc">{{Cite web |title=AOC Office Bearers and Australian IOC Members |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/footer/the-aoc/state-olympic-councils/inside-the-aoc/office-bearers-and-australian-ioc-members |access-date=13 May 2015 |website=[[Australian Olympic Committee]]}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, O'Neill ya yi ta fitowa akai-akai a fina-finan ''Ash, Kip & Luttsy'' tsawon shekaru da dama kafin ya shiga kungiyar a hukumance a shekarar 2019, a lokacin ne aka sake sanya wa shirin suna ''Ash, Luttsy &amp;amp; Susie'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill joins the Nova 106.9 breakfast team full-time |url=https://www.mediaweek.com.au/susie-oneill-joins-the-nova-106-9-breakfast-team-full-time/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=[[Mediaweek (Australia)|Mediaweek]]}}</ref> Ta ci gaba da zama mai masaukin baki har zuwa Nuwamba 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Sarah |date=2024-11-27 |title=Susie O'Neill to embark on new chapter with Nova |url=https://radiotoday.com.au/susie-oneill-to-embark-on-new-chapter-with-nova/ |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=Radio Today |language=en-AU}}</ref> A shekarar 2026 ta koma shirin. A watan Mayu na 2019, an sanar da O'Neill a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaba na Ofishin Jakadancin Ostiraliya na Gasar Olympics ta 2021 a [[Tokyo]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Key appointments to leadership teams for Tokyo 2020 and other games announced |url=https://www.olympics.com.au/news/key-appointments-to-leadership-teams-for-tokyo-2020-other-games-announced/ |access-date=3 May 2019 |website=olympics.com.au}}</ref> tare da sauran 'yan wasan Olympics, Evelyn Halls da Kim Brennan . == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1996 – an ba shi Kofin Duniya na Australasia . * 1996 – wacce ta lashe kyautar tare da Jackie Gallagher ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya 'yar wasa mace ta shekara <ref name="cas">{{Cite web |title=Australian Sport Awards |url=http://www.sportforall.com.au/?page_id=100 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208025314/http://www.sportforall.com.au/?page_id=100 |archive-date=8 February 2015 |access-date=4 August 2015 |website=Confederation of Australian Sport}}</ref> * 1997 – An ba O'Neill lambar yabo ta Ranar Australiya, an ba shi lambar yabo ta Order of Australia Medal ( OAM ) "saboda hidimar wasanni a matsayin wanda ya lashe kyautar zinare a Gasar Olympics ta Atlanta, 1996." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan O'Neill OAM |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/887461 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 1998 – an ba ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya a matsayin 'yar wasa ta shekara ta mace <ref name="cas" /> * 1998 – an nada shi a matsayin Fivourite Female Sports Star a 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuk |first=T. |title=1998 People's Choice Awards |url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/awards/people1998.html |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Australian Television Information Archive}}</ref> da kuma 1999 Australian People's Choice Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zuk |first=T. |title=1999 People's Choice Awards |url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/awards/people1999.html |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=Australian Television Information Archive}}</ref> * 14 ga Yuli 2000 – an ba ta lambar yabo ta wasanni ta Australiya saboda "babban gudunmawarta a matsayinta na mai fafatawa a ninkaya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan O'Neill |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/980773 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 2000 – Hukumar Sufuri ta Jiha ta sanya wa jirgin ruwan SuperCat suna bayan O'Neill. * 2000 – A gasar Olympics ta Sydney ta 2000, an zaɓe ta a Hukumar 'Yan Wasa ta Kwamitin Wasannin Olympics ta Duniya ta hanyar masu fafatawa a Wasannin 2000, amma nauyin iyali ya sa ta yi murabus a 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gordon |first=Harry |title=Susie O'Neill |url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/athlete/susie-o-neill |access-date=4 August 2015 |website=Australian Olympic Committee website}}</ref> * 1 ga Janairu 2001 – an ba shi lambar yabo ta ƙarni "Domin hidima ga al'umma ta hanyar lafiya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susie O'Neill |url=https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1119358 |access-date=11 May 2013 |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref> * 5 ga Disamba 2002 – an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwaikwayo na Wasannin Ostiraliya . <ref name="SAHOF" /> * 2009 – an shigar da shi cikin Zauren Wasannin Queensland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ms Susan O'Neill OAM |url=http://www.qsport.org.au/qshof/biography.asp?ID=11 |access-date=20 January 2014 |website=Queensland Sport Hall of Fame |publisher=qsport.org.au}}</ref> * 10 ga Yuni 2009 – a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin Q150, an sanar da O'Neill a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin Guraben Q150 na Queensland saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin "tauraron wasanni". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bligh |first=Anna |author-link=Anna Bligh |date=10 June 2009 |title=PREMIER UNVEILS QUEENSLAND'S 150 ICONS |url=http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170524033717/http://statements.qld.gov.au/statement/id/64301 |archive-date=24 May 2017 |access-date=24 May 2017 |publisher=[[Queensland Government]]}}</ref> * 2012 – an ɗaga shi zuwa matsayin gwarzon wasanni na 34 na ƙungiyar wasanni ta Sport Australia Hall of Fame. <ref name="SAHOF" /> * 2018 – an naɗa shi memba na Order of Australia ( AM ) a Australia Ranar Girmamawa "Don muhimmin hidima ga ninkaya a matakin ƙwararru, a matsayin mai ba da shawara da abin koyi, da kuma ga al'umma ta hanyar tallafawa ƙungiyoyin agaji." * 2023 – An shigar da shi cikin Zauren Shahararrun Masu Wasa a Swimming Australia . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hanson |first=Ian |date=10 November 2023 |title=Aussie Home Games Heroes Susie O'Neill, Murray Rose And Lorraine Crapp Inducted into Swimming Australia's Hall Of Fame |url=https://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/news/susie-oneill-murray-rose-and-lorraine-crapp-inducted-into-swimming-australias-hall-of-fame/ |access-date=13 May 2024 |website=Swimming World}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == O'Neill ya auri Cliff Fairley, wanda ke aiki a matsayin likitan ido, a shekarar 1998. Suna da 'ya'ya biyu. == Taimakon jama'a == O'Neill da mijinta, Cliff Fairley, jakadu ne na Gidauniyar Fred Hollows. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2009 |title=Susie O'Neill is seeing life differently {{!}} Atlantic Philanthropies |url=https://www.atlanticphilanthropies.org/news/susie-oneill-seeing-life-differently |access-date=28 July 2020 |website=The Atlantic Philanthropies |language=en}}</ref> Gidauniyar Fred Hollows ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai zaman kanta wadda ke ilmantar da likitocin tiyata kan yadda za a warkar [[Makanta|da makanta]] da za a iya gujewa a cikin al'ummomi da ƙasashe marasa galihu. <ref name=":0" /> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]] ek8rkgijo275k5nrejbnfl2l408c41s 0 166225 915512 2026-09-03T13:54:58Z Baffa ali 47435 Sabon shafi: '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙar... 915512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . 4d59csoowxogm91pdrf1nm2m47voq18 915513 915512 2026-09-03T13:55:49Z Baffa ali 47435 915513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == kh0t6s8n9nmfsablogv5ztecsuvnq9w 915514 915513 2026-09-03T13:56:16Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihi */ 915514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] 26ql3uoiby30n4rp8v9b5zj1sifhk9z 915516 915514 2026-09-03T13:57:02Z Baffa ali 47435 915516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== 48gl17vbcz8owmdf4vg883spkq8ptei 915517 915516 2026-09-03T13:57:46Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ƙirƙira */ 915517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. 8k7ebm6wns9zo8tj6xdtchoisik7njm 915580 915517 2026-09-03T15:52:57Z Baffa ali 47435 915580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. 0o4sc0e8n3ig1btv8uttlsziys3njoo 915581 915580 2026-09-03T15:57:40Z Baffa ali 47435 915581 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== ahfmxxeqd5mnkg5rrkiauh9z6ncy77g 915583 915581 2026-09-03T16:01:08Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji */ 915583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. feiluhxxtbbf8dbmlzm32tgk7sxdcew 915645 915583 2026-09-03T16:40:08Z Baffa ali 47435 915645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==Kwando na ƙwararru== jefdai8qcosdxw5q5l4m52780mrizs4 915646 915645 2026-09-03T16:40:45Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kwando na ƙwararru */ 915646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==Kwando na ƙwararru== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. njg5hr5n9b2geqak0sui0og6vcjgtmm 915647 915646 2026-09-03T16:42:59Z Baffa ali 47435 915647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==Kwando na ƙwararru== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== bb5iw4xbyomajsqdjhss3rit5bsqbm8 915648 915647 2026-09-03T16:45:26Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa */ 915648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==Kwando na ƙwararru== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. gi1lzwhkmbkjsf94qzj7xro66y0kwcc 915649 915648 2026-09-03T16:47:08Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kwando na ƙwararru */ 915649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. 03k1qmfgmwlf6thidffd9u8b3qm6589 915703 915649 2026-09-03T18:39:30Z Baffa ali 47435 915703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== jt7wuuczhobvn2dxh4jbexsn46nf3n6 915704 915703 2026-09-03T18:39:56Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kwallon Kwando na mata */ 915704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ptcf1nche8d78it4fe0npnwchfk0lcv 915705 915704 2026-09-03T18:40:48Z Baffa ali 47435 915705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idodi== ncasgc4y1gnm3pccv4daptivcy2wy87 915706 915705 2026-09-03T18:41:26Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Dokoki da ƙa'idodi */ 915706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] fg4wjxz29ruu3rojmyp3xqwmbnib80u 915707 915706 2026-09-03T18:41:58Z Baffa ali 47435 915707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== 9xylewvf6a21xv7e1m0cnzft9dmtqxh 915708 915707 2026-09-03T18:42:38Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Dokokin wasa */ 915708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== Ana buga wasanni a cikin kwata huɗu na 10 ( FIBA ) [1] ko minti 12 (NBA). [2] Wasannin maza na kwaleji suna amfani da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, [3] wasannin mata na kwaleji suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 10, [4] kuma yawancin wasannin jami'o'in sakandare na Amurka suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 8; duk da haka, wannan ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha. [5] [6] An ba da izinin mintuna 15 don hutun rabin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokokin FIBA, NBA, da NCAA [3] [7] [8] da mintuna 10 a makarantun sakandare na Amurka. [5] Lokacin ƙarin lokaci yana da tsawon mintuna biyar [3] [9] [10] sai dai makarantar sakandare, wacce take da tsawon mintuna huɗu. [5] Ƙungiyoyi sun yi musayar kwanduna don rabin lokaci na biyu. Lokacin da aka yarda shine ainihin lokacin wasa; agogon yana tsayawa yayin da wasan ba ya aiki. Saboda haka, wasanni gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade na wasan, yawanci kimanin sa'o'i biyu.'Yan wasa biyar daga kowace ƙungiya za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a lokaci guda. [1] [2] [3] [4] Sauyawar ba ta da iyaka amma ana iya yin ta ne kawai idan an dakatar da wasa. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da koci, wanda ke kula da ci gaba da dabarun ƙungiyar, da sauran ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kamar mataimakan koci, manajoji, masu kididdiga, likitoci da masu horarwa.Ga ƙungiyoyin maza da mata, kayan sawa na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi wandon wando da riga mai lamba a bayyane, ta musamman a cikin ƙungiyar, wacce aka buga a gaba da baya.An yarda da takaitaccen adadin lokacin hutu, dakatarwar agogo da koci ya nema (ko kuma wani lokacin da aka wajabta a NBA) don ɗan gajeren ganawa da 'yan wasa. Galibi ba sa wuce minti ɗaya (daƙiƙa 100 a NBA) sai dai idan, a wasannin talabijin, ana buƙatar hutun kasuwanci.Jami'an da suka ƙunshi alkalin wasa (wanda ake kira shugaban ma'aikata a NBA), alkalai ɗaya ko biyu (wanda ake kira alkalai a NBA) da kuma jami'an tebur suna da iko a kan wasan. Ga kwaleji, NBA, da makarantun sakandare da yawa, akwai jimillar alkalai uku a kotun. Jami'an teburin suna da alhakin lura da yawan kwallayen da kowace ƙungiya ta ci, kiyaye lokaci, kurakuran da aka yi wa mutum ɗaya da ƙungiya, canjin 'yan wasa, kibiya mai riƙe da ƙungiyar, da kuma agogon harbi . p3ltuhrb671f434sth6ju0o0sfu5uxd 915709 915708 2026-09-03T18:43:17Z Baffa ali 47435 915709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== Ana buga wasanni a cikin kwata huɗu na 10 ( FIBA ) [1] ko minti 12 (NBA). [2] Wasannin maza na kwaleji suna amfani da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, [3] wasannin mata na kwaleji suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 10, [4] kuma yawancin wasannin jami'o'in sakandare na Amurka suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 8; duk da haka, wannan ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha. [5] [6] An ba da izinin mintuna 15 don hutun rabin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokokin FIBA, NBA, da NCAA [3] [7] [8] da mintuna 10 a makarantun sakandare na Amurka. [5] Lokacin ƙarin lokaci yana da tsawon mintuna biyar [3] [9] [10] sai dai makarantar sakandare, wacce take da tsawon mintuna huɗu. [5] Ƙungiyoyi sun yi musayar kwanduna don rabin lokaci na biyu. Lokacin da aka yarda shine ainihin lokacin wasa; agogon yana tsayawa yayin da wasan ba ya aiki. Saboda haka, wasanni gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade na wasan, yawanci kimanin sa'o'i biyu.'Yan wasa biyar daga kowace ƙungiya za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a lokaci guda. [1] [2] [3] [4] Sauyawar ba ta da iyaka amma ana iya yin ta ne kawai idan an dakatar da wasa. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da koci, wanda ke kula da ci gaba da dabarun ƙungiyar, da sauran ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kamar mataimakan koci, manajoji, masu kididdiga, likitoci da masu horarwa.Ga ƙungiyoyin maza da mata, kayan sawa na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi wandon wando da riga mai lamba a bayyane, ta musamman a cikin ƙungiyar, wacce aka buga a gaba da baya.An yarda da takaitaccen adadin lokacin hutu, dakatarwar agogo da koci ya nema (ko kuma wani lokacin da aka wajabta a NBA) don ɗan gajeren ganawa da 'yan wasa. Galibi ba sa wuce minti ɗaya (daƙiƙa 100 a NBA) sai dai idan, a wasannin talabijin, ana buƙatar hutun kasuwanci.Jami'an da suka ƙunshi alkalin wasa (wanda ake kira shugaban ma'aikata a NBA), alkalai ɗaya ko biyu (wanda ake kira alkalai a NBA) da kuma jami'an tebur suna da iko a kan wasan. Ga kwaleji, NBA, da makarantun sakandare da yawa, akwai jimillar alkalai uku a kotun. Jami'an teburin suna da alhakin lura da yawan kwallayen da kowace ƙungiya ta ci, kiyaye lokaci, kurakuran da aka yi wa mutum ɗaya da ƙungiya, canjin 'yan wasa, kibiya mai riƙe da ƙungiyar, da kuma agogon harbi . ==Kayan aiki== 4t9usjnxp1to9b07vs4mex39agbb28y 915710 915709 2026-09-03T18:43:51Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kayan aiki */ 915710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== Ana buga wasanni a cikin kwata huɗu na 10 ( FIBA ) [1] ko minti 12 (NBA). [2] Wasannin maza na kwaleji suna amfani da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, [3] wasannin mata na kwaleji suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 10, [4] kuma yawancin wasannin jami'o'in sakandare na Amurka suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 8; duk da haka, wannan ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha. [5] [6] An ba da izinin mintuna 15 don hutun rabin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokokin FIBA, NBA, da NCAA [3] [7] [8] da mintuna 10 a makarantun sakandare na Amurka. [5] Lokacin ƙarin lokaci yana da tsawon mintuna biyar [3] [9] [10] sai dai makarantar sakandare, wacce take da tsawon mintuna huɗu. [5] Ƙungiyoyi sun yi musayar kwanduna don rabin lokaci na biyu. Lokacin da aka yarda shine ainihin lokacin wasa; agogon yana tsayawa yayin da wasan ba ya aiki. Saboda haka, wasanni gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade na wasan, yawanci kimanin sa'o'i biyu.'Yan wasa biyar daga kowace ƙungiya za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a lokaci guda. [1] [2] [3] [4] Sauyawar ba ta da iyaka amma ana iya yin ta ne kawai idan an dakatar da wasa. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da koci, wanda ke kula da ci gaba da dabarun ƙungiyar, da sauran ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kamar mataimakan koci, manajoji, masu kididdiga, likitoci da masu horarwa.Ga ƙungiyoyin maza da mata, kayan sawa na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi wandon wando da riga mai lamba a bayyane, ta musamman a cikin ƙungiyar, wacce aka buga a gaba da baya.An yarda da takaitaccen adadin lokacin hutu, dakatarwar agogo da koci ya nema (ko kuma wani lokacin da aka wajabta a NBA) don ɗan gajeren ganawa da 'yan wasa. Galibi ba sa wuce minti ɗaya (daƙiƙa 100 a NBA) sai dai idan, a wasannin talabijin, ana buƙatar hutun kasuwanci.Jami'an da suka ƙunshi alkalin wasa (wanda ake kira shugaban ma'aikata a NBA), alkalai ɗaya ko biyu (wanda ake kira alkalai a NBA) da kuma jami'an tebur suna da iko a kan wasan. Ga kwaleji, NBA, da makarantun sakandare da yawa, akwai jimillar alkalai uku a kotun. Jami'an teburin suna da alhakin lura da yawan kwallayen da kowace ƙungiya ta ci, kiyaye lokaci, kurakuran da aka yi wa mutum ɗaya da ƙungiya, canjin 'yan wasa, kibiya mai riƙe da ƙungiyar, da kuma agogon harbi . ==Kayan aiki== Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci kawai a wasan ƙwallon kwando shine ƙwallon da filin wasa: saman da aka yi da murabba'i mai faɗi da kwanduna a ƙarshensa. Matakan gasa suna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki kamar agogo, zanen maki, allon maki, kiban mallaka na madadin, da tsarin agogon tsayawa da ake amfani da shi wajen busawa.Filin wasan ƙwallon kwando na dokoki a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa yana da tsawon 28 metres (92 ft) da faɗin 15 metres (49 ft) . A gasar NBA da NCAA, filin wasan yana 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m) . [1] Yawancin kotuna suna da benayen katako, galibi ana gina su ne da allunan maple waɗanda ke gudana a daidai da girman farfajiyar da ta fi tsayi. [2] [3] Suna da tambarin ƙungiyar gida galibi ana fentin su a tsakiyar da'irar ko a kusa da ita.Kwandon gefen ƙarfe ne mai 18 inches (46 cm)diamita tare da raga da aka haɗa a kan allon baya wanda girmansa ya kai 6 by 3.5 feet (1.8 by 1.1 m) kuma kwando ɗaya yana a kowane ƙarshen filin. Akwatin fari da aka zana a kan allon baya shine 18 inches (46 cm)tsayin santimita da 2 feet (61 cm) faɗi. A kusan dukkan matakan gasa, saman gefen yana daidai da 10 feet (3.05 m) sama da filin wasa da 4 feet (1.22 m) a cikin tushen filin. Duk da cewa akwai yiwuwar bambance-bambance a girman filin wasa da kuma bayan gida, ana ganin yana da muhimmanci a sanya kwandon ya kasance daidai tsayinsa - gefen da aka cire da inci kaɗan zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga harbi. Dole ne raga ta "duba ƙwallon na ɗan lokaci yayin da take wucewa ta cikin kwandon" don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da gani cewa ƙwallon ta wuce. [1] Aikin duba ƙwallon yana da ƙarin fa'idar rage gudu da ƙwallon ta yadda dawowar ba za ta yi nisa ba. [2]Ana kuma tsara girman ƙwallon kwando. Ga maza, ƙwallon hukuma ta hukuma ita ce 29.5 inches (75 cm) a zagaye (girman 7, ko kuma "ƙwallo 295") kuma yana da nauyin 22 ounces (620 g) . Idan mata suna wasa, girman ƙwallon kwando na hukuma shine 28.5 inches (72 cm) a zagaye (girman 6, ko kuma "ƙwallo 285") mai nauyin 20 ounces (570 g) . A cikin 3x3, sigar wasan halfcourt 3-on-3, ƙwallon da aka keɓe tare da kewaye da ƙwallon girman 6 amma nauyin ƙwallon girman 7 ana amfani da shi a duk gasa (na maza, na mata, da ƙungiyoyin gauraye). [1] av1b4d2gqewc4n2wnuktb340ru4wgvv 915711 915710 2026-09-03T18:45:00Z Baffa ali 47435 915711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== Ana buga wasanni a cikin kwata huɗu na 10 ( FIBA ) [1] ko minti 12 (NBA). [2] Wasannin maza na kwaleji suna amfani da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, [3] wasannin mata na kwaleji suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 10, [4] kuma yawancin wasannin jami'o'in sakandare na Amurka suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 8; duk da haka, wannan ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha. [5] [6] An ba da izinin mintuna 15 don hutun rabin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokokin FIBA, NBA, da NCAA [3] [7] [8] da mintuna 10 a makarantun sakandare na Amurka. [5] Lokacin ƙarin lokaci yana da tsawon mintuna biyar [3] [9] [10] sai dai makarantar sakandare, wacce take da tsawon mintuna huɗu. [5] Ƙungiyoyi sun yi musayar kwanduna don rabin lokaci na biyu. Lokacin da aka yarda shine ainihin lokacin wasa; agogon yana tsayawa yayin da wasan ba ya aiki. Saboda haka, wasanni gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade na wasan, yawanci kimanin sa'o'i biyu.'Yan wasa biyar daga kowace ƙungiya za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a lokaci guda. [1] [2] [3] [4] Sauyawar ba ta da iyaka amma ana iya yin ta ne kawai idan an dakatar da wasa. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da koci, wanda ke kula da ci gaba da dabarun ƙungiyar, da sauran ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kamar mataimakan koci, manajoji, masu kididdiga, likitoci da masu horarwa.Ga ƙungiyoyin maza da mata, kayan sawa na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi wandon wando da riga mai lamba a bayyane, ta musamman a cikin ƙungiyar, wacce aka buga a gaba da baya.An yarda da takaitaccen adadin lokacin hutu, dakatarwar agogo da koci ya nema (ko kuma wani lokacin da aka wajabta a NBA) don ɗan gajeren ganawa da 'yan wasa. Galibi ba sa wuce minti ɗaya (daƙiƙa 100 a NBA) sai dai idan, a wasannin talabijin, ana buƙatar hutun kasuwanci.Jami'an da suka ƙunshi alkalin wasa (wanda ake kira shugaban ma'aikata a NBA), alkalai ɗaya ko biyu (wanda ake kira alkalai a NBA) da kuma jami'an tebur suna da iko a kan wasan. Ga kwaleji, NBA, da makarantun sakandare da yawa, akwai jimillar alkalai uku a kotun. Jami'an teburin suna da alhakin lura da yawan kwallayen da kowace ƙungiya ta ci, kiyaye lokaci, kurakuran da aka yi wa mutum ɗaya da ƙungiya, canjin 'yan wasa, kibiya mai riƙe da ƙungiyar, da kuma agogon harbi . ==Kayan aiki== Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci kawai a wasan ƙwallon kwando shine ƙwallon da filin wasa: saman da aka yi da murabba'i mai faɗi da kwanduna a ƙarshensa. Matakan gasa suna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki kamar agogo, zanen maki, allon maki, kiban mallaka na madadin, da tsarin agogon tsayawa da ake amfani da shi wajen busawa.Filin wasan ƙwallon kwando na dokoki a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa yana da tsawon 28 metres (92 ft) da faɗin 15 metres (49 ft) . A gasar NBA da NCAA, filin wasan yana 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m) . [1] Yawancin kotuna suna da benayen katako, galibi ana gina su ne da allunan maple waɗanda ke gudana a daidai da girman farfajiyar da ta fi tsayi. [2] [3] Suna da tambarin ƙungiyar gida galibi ana fentin su a tsakiyar da'irar ko a kusa da ita.Kwandon gefen ƙarfe ne mai 18 inches (46 cm)diamita tare da raga da aka haɗa a kan allon baya wanda girmansa ya kai 6 by 3.5 feet (1.8 by 1.1 m) kuma kwando ɗaya yana a kowane ƙarshen filin. Akwatin fari da aka zana a kan allon baya shine 18 inches (46 cm)tsayin santimita da 2 feet (61 cm) faɗi. A kusan dukkan matakan gasa, saman gefen yana daidai da 10 feet (3.05 m) sama da filin wasa da 4 feet (1.22 m) a cikin tushen filin. Duk da cewa akwai yiwuwar bambance-bambance a girman filin wasa da kuma bayan gida, ana ganin yana da muhimmanci a sanya kwandon ya kasance daidai tsayinsa - gefen da aka cire da inci kaɗan zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga harbi. Dole ne raga ta "duba ƙwallon na ɗan lokaci yayin da take wucewa ta cikin kwandon" don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da gani cewa ƙwallon ta wuce. [1] Aikin duba ƙwallon yana da ƙarin fa'idar rage gudu da ƙwallon ta yadda dawowar ba za ta yi nisa ba. [2]Ana kuma tsara girman ƙwallon kwando. Ga maza, ƙwallon hukuma ta hukuma ita ce 29.5 inches (75 cm) a zagaye (girman 7, ko kuma "ƙwallo 295") kuma yana da nauyin 22 ounces (620 g) . Idan mata suna wasa, girman ƙwallon kwando na hukuma shine 28.5 inches (72 cm) a zagaye (girman 6, ko kuma "ƙwallo 285") mai nauyin 20 ounces (570 g) . A cikin 3x3, sigar wasan halfcourt 3-on-3, ƙwallon da aka keɓe tare da kewaye da ƙwallon girman 6 amma nauyin ƙwallon girman 7 ana amfani da shi a duk gasa (na maza, na mata, da ƙungiyoyin gauraye). [1] ==Keta haddi== ipyeyf9e01yh9eq6mscm7pm7nv9vupk 915712 915711 2026-09-03T18:45:29Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Keta haddi */ 915712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Yan Kwallon Kwando '''wasa ne na ƙungiya inda ƙungiyoyi biyu masu 'yan wasa biyar kowannensu (ban da waɗanda suka maye gurbinsu) ke fafatawa da juna a filin wasa mai kusurwa huɗu. 'Yan wasa suna fafatawa da babban burinsu na harbi ƙwallon kwando ta hanyar amfani da ƙugiya (kwandon da aka ɗora a kan allo ) a kowane ƙarshen filin wasa. Ƙungiyoyi suna canzawa tsakanin harin kai hari (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin cin kwallo), da kuma tsaron gida (lokacin da suka yi ƙoƙarin hana ɓangaren da ke hamayya da su cin kwallo). Manufar filin wasa tana da maki biyu, sai dai idan an yi ta ne daga bayan layin maki uku, lokacin da take da darajar uku. Bayan an yi kuskure, an dakatar da wasan da aka tsara a lokaci kuma ƙungiyar da aka yi kuskure ko dai ta yi jifa ɗaya zuwa uku na kyauta wanda ya kai maki ɗaya kowanne, ko kuma ta sake fara wasa da izinin shiga . Ƙungiyar da ta fi samun maki a ƙarshen wasan ta yi nasara. Idan wasannin ƙa'idoji suka ƙare da daidaiton maki, yawancin wasannin ƙwallon kwando suna buƙatar ƙarin lokutan wasa ( bayan lokaci ) har sai maki ya daina daidaitawa.'Yan wasa suna ci gaba da buga ƙwallon ta hanyar tsalle ta yayin tafiya ko gudu (dribbling) ko kuma ta hanyar ba wa abokin wasa, waɗanda duka suna buƙatar ƙwarewa sosai. A lokacin harin ƙwallo, 'yan wasa za su iya amfani da nau'ikan bugun ƙwallo iri-iri – layup, harbin tsalle, ko kuma dunk . A fannin tsaron gida, suna iya satar kwallon daga mai bugun dribbler, su katse pass, ko kuma su toshe bugun. Ko dai hari ko kariya na iya samun koma-baya, wanda shine bugun da aka rasa wanda ya tashi daga gefe ko baya. Cin zarafi ne a ɗaga ko ja ƙafar mutum ba tare da ɗiban ƙwallon ba, ko ɗaukarta, ko riƙe ƙwallon da hannu biyu sannan a ci gaba da ɗiban ƙwallon .'Yan wasa biyar a kowane gefe suna faɗuwa cikin matsayi biyar na wasa . Mafi tsayin ɗan wasa yawanci shine tsakiya, na biyu mafi tsayi kuma mafi ƙarfi shine mai ƙarfin gaba . Ƙaramin ɗan wasan gaba yana da ɗan wasa mai sauri amma mai sauri. A ƙarshe, 'yan wasa mafi gajarta ko mafi kyawun masu riƙe ƙwallon su ne mai tsaron harbi da mai tsaron maki . Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna aiwatar da tsarin wasan kocin ta hanyar sarrafa aiwatar da wasannin kai hari da na tsaro (matsayin ɗan wasa). Ba bisa ka'ida ba, 'yan wasa na iya buga wasa uku-da-uku, biyu-da-biyu, da kuma ɗaya-da-ɗaya.An ƙirƙiro wasan ƙwallon kwando a shekarar 1891 ta hannun malamin motsa jiki ɗan ƙasar Kanada ɗan Amurka James Naismith a Springfield, Massachusetts, a Amurka, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin wasannin da aka fi kallo a duniya. [1] [2] Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasa (NBA) ita ce ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru mafi muhimmanci a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa [3] [4] (wanda ya samo mafi yawan baiwarta daga ƙwallon kwando ta jami'o'in Amurka). A wajen Arewacin Amurka, manyan ƙungiyoyi daga lig-lig na ƙasa sun cancanci shiga gasar zakarun nahiyoyi kamar EuroLeague da Basketball Champions League Americas . Gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA da gasar kwallon kwando ta maza ta Olympics ita ce manyan gasannin kasa da kasa na wasanni kuma suna jan hankalin manyan kungiyoyin kasa daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Kowace nahiya tana karbar bakuncin gasannin yanki na ƙungiyoyin ƙasa, kamar EuroBasket da FIBA AmeriCup .Gasar cin kofin kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA da kuma gasar kwallon kwando ta mata ta Olympics ta ƙunshi manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasa daga gasar nahiyar. Babban gasar Arewacin Amurka ita ce WNBA ( Gasannin Kwando na Mata na NCAA Division I kuma sananne ne), yayin da ƙungiyoyin Turai mafi ƙarfi ke shiga cikin gasar EuroLeague Women . ==Tarihi == An ambaci wani wasa makamancin ƙwallon kwando a cikin wani littafi da aka buga a Frankfurt am Main a shekarar 1591 wanda ya ba da rahoto game da salon rayuwa da al'adun mazauna bakin teku na Arewacin Amurka, Wahrhafftige Abconterfaytung der Wilden (Jamusanci; an fassara shi a matsayin Bayani na Gaskiya na Masu Saɓo) : [1] "Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, an bayyana wasan ƙwarewa inda dole ne a jefa ƙwallo a kan abin da aka saƙa daga rassan itace, wanda aka ɗora a kan sanda. Akwai ƙaramin lada ga ɗan wasan idan ana harba abin da aka saƙa." [2] ==Ƙirƙira== A watan Disamba na shekarar 1891, James Naismith, farfesa ɗan ƙasar Kanada-Amurka a fannin ilimin motsa jiki kuma malami a Makarantar Horar da Ƙungiyar Kiristoci ta Matasan Maza ta Duniya (wanda yanzu ita ce Kwalejin Springfield ) da ke Springfield, Massachusetts, [1] yana ƙoƙarin ci gaba da motsa ajinsa a lokacin da ake ruwan sama. [2] Ya nemi wani wasa mai ƙarfi a cikin gida don ci gaba da shagaltar da ɗalibansa da kuma kasancewa cikin ƙoshin lafiya a lokacin hunturu mai tsawo a New England . Bayan ya ƙi amincewa da wasu ra'ayoyi a matsayin waɗanda suka yi tsauri ko kuma waɗanda ba su dace da wuraren motsa jiki na bango ba, ya ƙirƙiro wani sabon wasa inda 'yan wasa za su ba wa abokan wasansu kwallo su kuma yi ƙoƙarin samun maki ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon a cikin kwandon da aka ɗora a bangoNaismith ya rubuta ƙa'idodi na asali kuma ya sanya kwandon peach a kan wani tsayin hanya. Da farko Naismith ya kafa kwandon peach tare da ƙasansa a cike, wanda ke nufin cewa dole ne a dawo da ƙwallon da hannu bayan kowace "kwando" ko maki ta ci. Wannan ya zama abin gajiya da sauri, don haka Naismith ya cire ƙasan kwandon don ba da damar a fitar da ƙwallan da doguwar dowel bayan kowace kwando ta ci. [1]Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Senda Berenson, mai koyar da al'adun motsa jiki a Kwalejin Smith da ke kusa, ta je Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, ta fara shirya wasanni tare da ɗalibanta, suna bin ƙa'idodi da aka gyara. [2] An buga wasan farko na mata na ƙungiyoyi daban-daban watanni 11 bayan haka, tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [3] A shekarar 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. Saboda haka, wasan ya bazu cikin sauri a cikin makarantu, kwalejoji da jami'o'in Amurka tare da ƙa'idodi iri ɗaya ga maza da mata. [4]Da farko ana buga ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon ƙafa . An yi waɗannan ƙwallon zagaye daga " ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙungiyar " a lokacin, tare da saitin igiyoyi don rufe ramin da ake buƙata don saka mafitsara mai hura iska bayan an juya sauran sassan murfin ƙwallon da aka ɗinka a waje-ciki. [1] [2] Waɗannan igiyoyin na iya haifar da bugun da ba za a iya tsammani ba. [3] Daga ƙarshe aka ƙirƙiro hanyar gina ƙwallon da ba ta da lace, kuma wannan canjin ga wasan ya samu amincewar Naismith (yayin da a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka, gina lace ya zama da amfani wajen kamawa kuma har zuwa yau.  ). Kwallayen farko da aka yi musamman don ƙwallon kwando launin ruwan kasa ne, kuma a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 ne Tony Hinkle, yana neman ƙwallon da za ta fi bayyana ga 'yan wasa da masu kallo, ya gabatar da ƙwallon lemu wadda yanzu ake amfani da ita a ko'ina. Dribbling ba ya cikin wasan farko sai dai "buɗewa" ga abokan wasansa. Wucewa ƙwallon ita ce babbar hanyar motsa ƙwallon. Daga ƙarshe aka fara amfani da dribbling amma an takaita shi da siffar da ba ta dace ba ta ƙwallo ta farko.  Dribbling ya zama ruwan dare a shekarar 1896, tare da wata doka da ta hana dribble sau biyu a shekarar 1898. [4]An yi amfani da kwandunan peach har zuwa 1906 lokacin da aka maye gurbinsu da ƙarfe masu kauri da allon baya. Ba da daɗewa ba aka sake samun wani sauyi, don haka ƙwallon ta wuce ta cikin raga. Duk lokacin da mutum ya sami ƙwallo a cikin kwandon, ƙungiyarsa za ta sami maki ɗaya. Duk ƙungiyar da ta sami maki mafi yawa ta lashe wasan. [1] Da farko an yi wa kwandon ƙusa ne a kan baranda mai tsayi a filin wasa, amma wannan bai yi amfani ba lokacin da masu kallo a baranda suka fara katse harbin. An gabatar da allon baya don hana wannan tsangwama; yana da ƙarin tasirin barin harbin da aka yi da baya. [2] Littattafan tarihin Naismith da aka rubuta da hannu, waɗanda jikarsa ta gano a farkon 2006, sun nuna cewa yana cikin damuwa game da sabon wasan da ya ƙirƙira, wanda ya haɗa da ƙa'idodi daga wasan yara da ake kira agwagwa a kan dutse, kamar yadda da yawa suka gaza a baya. [3]Frank Mahan, ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka fito daga wasan farko na farko, ya tuntuɓi Naismith bayan hutun Kirsimeti, a farkon 1892, yana tambayarsa abin da yake son kira sabon wasansa. Naismith ya amsa cewa bai yi tunanin hakan ba saboda ya mayar da hankali kan fara wasan kawai. Mahan ya ba da shawarar a kira shi "Naismith ball", inda ya yi dariya, yana cewa suna irin wannan zai kashe kowace wasa. Sai Mahan ya ce, "Me zai hana a kira shi ƙwallon kwando?" Naismith ya amsa, "Muna da kwando da ƙwallo, kuma a gare ni hakan zai zama kyakkyawan suna." [1] [2] An buga wasan farko na hukuma a gidan motsa jiki na YMCA da ke Albany, New York, a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1892, tare da 'yan wasa tara. Wasan ya ƙare da ci 1-0; an yi bugun daga 25 feet (7.6 m), a filin wasa mai girman rabin filin wasan Streetball ko National Basketball Association (NBA) na yanzu.A lokacin, ana buga ƙwallon ƙafa da 10 ga kowace ƙungiya (wanda aka ƙara zuwa 11). Lokacin da yanayin hunturu ya yi ƙanƙara sosai don buga ƙwallon ƙafa, an kai ƙungiyoyi cikin gida, kuma ya dace a raba su gida biyu a buga ƙwallon kwando da biyar a kowane gefe. A tsakanin shekarun 1897 zuwa 1898, ƙungiyoyi biyar sun zama na yau da kullun. ==Kwallon Kwando na kwaleji== An aika magoya bayan ƙwallon kwando na farko zuwa YMCAs a ko'ina cikin Amurka, kuma ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin Amurka da Kanada. Zuwa shekarar 1895, an kafa ta sosai a makarantun sakandare na mata da dama. Duk da cewa YMCA ce ke da alhakin haɓaka da yaɗa wasan da farko, cikin shekaru goma ya hana sabon wasan, yayin da wasan kwaikwayo da taron jama'a suka fara rage himma ga babban aikin YMCA. Duk da haka, sauran ƙungiyoyin wasanni na 'yan koyo, kwalejoji, da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru sun cike gibin da sauri. A shekarun da suka gabata kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Amateur da Ƙungiyar 'Yan Wasan Kwaleji ta Amurka (wanda ya riga NCAA ) sun yi takara don samun iko kan ƙa'idodin wasan. An kafa ƙungiyar kwararru ta farko, wato National Basketball League, a shekarar 1898 domin kare 'yan wasa daga cin zarafi da kuma haɓaka wasan da ba shi da wahala. Wannan gasar ta ɗauki tsawon shekaru biyar kacal.James Naismith ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙwallon kwando a jami'a . Abokin aikinsa CO Beamis ya fitar da ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta farko ta kwaleji shekara guda kacal bayan wasan Springfield YMCA a Kwalejin Pittsburgh Geneva da ke kewayen birnin. [1] Daga baya Naismith ya yi horo a Jami'ar Kansasna tsawon shekaru shida, kafin ya mika ragamar ga fitaccen kocin Forrest "Phog" Allen . Almajirin Naismith Amos Alonzo Stagg ya kawo ƙwallon kwando zuwa Jami'ar Chicago, yayin da Adolph Rupp, ɗalibi na Naismith's a Kansas, ya sami babban nasara a matsayin koci a Jami'ar Kentucky . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1895, an buga wasan farko na tsakanin kwalejoji 5-on-5 a Jami'ar Hamline tsakanin Hamline da Makarantar Noma, wacce ke da alaƙa da Jami'ar Minnesota . [1] [2] [3] Makarantar Aikin Gona ta yi nasara a wasa 9-3.A shekarar 1901, kwalejoji, ciki har da Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Columbia, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Minnesota, Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, Jami'ar Colorado da Jami'ar Yale sun fara daukar nauyin wasannin maza. A shekarar 1905, yawan raunuka da ake samu a filin ƙwallon ƙafa ya sa Shugaba Theodore Roosevelt ya ba da shawarar cewa kwalejoji su kafa hukumar gudanarwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Amurka (IAAUS). A shekarar 1910, wannan hukumar ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Wasannin Kwalejoji ta Ƙasa (NCAA). An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na farko na Kanada tsakanin jami'o'i a YMCA da ke Kingston, Ontario a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu, 1904, lokacin da Jami'ar McGill ta fara – Ɗaliban makarantar Naismith – ya ziyarci Jami'ar Sarauniya . McGill ya yi nasara da ci 9-7 a karin lokaci; maki ya kasance 7-7 a ƙarshen wasan, kuma lokacin ƙarin lokaci na mintuna goma ya tabbatar da sakamakon. Mutane da yawa sun halarci kallon wasan. [1]Gasar cin kofin kasa ta maza ta farko, gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙungiyar ƙasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji, wadda har yanzu take a matsayin gasar ƙungiyar 'yan wasa ta ƙungiyoyin kwalejoji ta ƙasa (NAIA), an shirya ta ne a shekarar 1937. An shirya gasar farko ta ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyin NCAA, wato Gasar Gayyatar Ƙasa (NIT) a New York, a shekarar 1938; gasar ƙasa ta NCAA ta fara shekara guda bayan haka. Wasan ƙwallon kwando na kwaleji ya yi Áta'azzara sakamakon badakalar caca daga 1948 zuwa 1951, lokacin da aka samu ɗimbin 'yan wasa daga manyan ƙungiyoyi da hannu a cikin gyaran wasanni da aske maki . Sakamakon wani ɓangare na alaƙa da maguɗi, NIT ta rasa goyon bayanta ga gasar NCAA. ==ƙwararrun yan wasa== Ƙungiyoyi sun yi yawa a duk tsawon shekarun 1920. Akwai ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon kwando na maza a garuruwa da birane a faɗin Amurka, kuma ba a tsara wasannin ƙwararru sosai ba. 'Yan wasa suna tsalle daga ƙungiya zuwa ƙungiya, ƙungiyoyi kuma suna wasa a cikin ɗakunan sulke da kuma gidajen rawa masu hayaƙi. Ligogi sun zo sun tafi. Ƙungiyoyin Barnstorming kamar Original Celtics da ƙungiyoyi biyu na Afirka-Amurka, New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") da Harlem Globetrotters (har yanzu suna nan) suna buga wasanni har zuwa ɗari biyu a kowace shekara a rangadin ƙasarsu.A shekarar 1946, aka kafa Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka (BAA). An buga wasan farko a Toronto, Ontario, Kanada tsakanin Toronto Huskies da New York Knickerbockers a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1946. Bayan shekaru uku, a shekarar 1949, BAA ta haɗu da Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBL) don kafa Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Ƙasa (NBA). Zuwa shekarun 1950, ƙwallon kwando ta zama babban wasan kwaleji, wanda hakan ya share fagen karuwar sha'awar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru. A shekarar 1959, an kafa wani zauren wasan ƙwallon kwando mai suna a Springfield, Massachusetts, wurin da aka fara wasan. Jerin sunayen 'yan wasa masu kyau, masu horarwa, alkalai da kuma mutanen da suka bayar da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban wasan. Zauren shahara yana da mutanen da suka cimma burinsu da yawa a wasan ƙwallon kwando. Wata ƙungiya mai tasowa, Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Amurka, ta bunƙasa a shekarar 1967 kuma ta yi barazana ga rinjayen NBA na ɗan lokaci har zuwa lokacin da ABA-NBA suka haɗu a shekarar 1976. A yau NBA ita ce babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararru a duniya dangane da shahara, albashi, baiwa, da kuma matakin gasa.Basketball playerNBA ta ƙunshi shahararrun 'yan wasa da yawa, ciki har da; George "Big Man" Mikan, mayen sarrafa ƙwallo Bob Cousy, ƙwararren mai tsaron baya Bill Russell da kuma cibiyar bajinta, Wilt Chamberlain . Taurarin da suka fito a fina-finai sun hada da; Oscar Robertson da Jerry West, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Shaquille O'Neal, Hakeem Olajuwon, da Karl Malone . Sauran fitattun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar John Stockton, Isiah Thomas da Steve Nash . Manyan 'yan wasan gaba masu kayatarwa sune Julius Erving da Charles Barkley . Jerin sunayen ya haɗa da taurarin Turai; Dirk Nowitzki, Pau Gasol, Nikola Jokić, da Tony Parker ; tauraron Latin Amurka Manu Ginobili, da kuma jaruman zamani masu goyon bayan taurari kamar Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, LeBron James, Stephen Curry, Giannis Antetokounmpo, da sauransu. 'Yan wasa uku da mutane da yawa suka yaba da su wajen shigar da wasan ƙwararru zuwa ga mafi girman shahararsa a shekarun 1980 da 1990: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, da Michael Jordan .A shekara ta 2001, NBA ta kafa ƙungiyar ci gaban wasanni, National Basketball Development League (wanda daga baya aka san shi da NBA D-League sannan kuma NBA G League bayan yarjejeniyar kasuwanci da Gatorade ). Tun daga kakar wasa ta 2023-24, Gasar G tana da ƙungiyoyi 31. ==Kwallon Kwando ta ƙasa da ƙasa== An kafa FIBA (Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Duniya) a shekarar 1932 ta hanyar ƙasashe takwas da suka kafa ta: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Girka, Italiya, Latvia, Portugal, Romania, da Switzerland . A wannan lokacin, ƙungiyar tana kula da 'yan wasan da ba su da sha'awar wasan. Takaitaccen sunanta, wanda aka samo daga ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta Faransa Fédération Internationale de Basket-ball Amateur, shine "FIBA". An fara shigar da ƙwallon kwando na maza a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta Berlin ta 1936, kodayake an gudanar da gasar nuna kwazo a 1904. Amurka ta doke Kanada a wasan karshe na farko, inda ta buga wasa a waje. Amurka ce ta mamaye wannan gasar, wacce ƙungiyarta ta lashe dukkan kofunan gasar sai uku. Na farko daga cikinsu ya zo ne a wasan ƙarshe mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce a Munich a shekarar 1972 da Tarayyar Soviet, inda aka sake buga ƙarshen wasan sau uku har sai da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi nasara a ƙarshe. [1] A shekarar 1950, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta maza ta farko, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA, a Argentina. Shekaru uku bayan haka, an gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta mata ta farko a Chile, wacce yanzu ake kira gasar cin kofin duniya ta kwallon kwando ta mata ta FIBA . An ƙara ƙwallon kwando ta mata a gasar Olympics a shekarar 1976, wanda aka gudanar a Montreal, Quebec, Kanada, inda ƙungiyoyi kamar Tarayyar Soviet, Brazil, da Ostiraliya ke fafatawa da ƙungiyoyin Amurka .A shekarar 1989, FIBA ta ba wa ƙwararrun 'yan wasan NBA damar shiga gasar Olympics a karon farko. Kafin gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1992, ƙungiyoyin Turai da Kudancin Amurka ne kawai aka ba wa izinin ɗaukar ƙwararru a gasar Olympics. Mulkin Amurka ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da gabatar da ƙungiyar Mafarki ta asali. A gasar Olympics ta Athens ta 2004, Amurka ta sha kashi a karon farko a gasar Olympics yayin da take amfani da 'yan wasa na ƙwararru, inda ta faɗi a hannun Puerto Rico (a cikin rashin maki 19) da kuma Lithuania a wasannin rukuni, sannan Argentina ta fitar da ita a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe. Daga ƙarshe ta lashe lambar tagulla ta doke Lithuania, inda ta kare a bayan Argentina da Italiya . Ƙungiyar 'Yan fansho, ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2008, kuma ƙungiyar B-Team, ta lashe zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2010 da aka yi a Turkiyya duk da cewa babu ɗan wasa a cikin tawagar 2008. Amurka ta ci gaba da mamaye gasar yayin da ta lashe zinare a gasar Olympics ta 2012, gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIBA ta 2014, gasar Olympics ta 2016, gasar Olympics ta 2020, da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024 .A duk duniya, ana gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ga yara maza da mata na kowane mataki na shekaru. Shahararriyar wasan a duniya ta bayyana a cikin ƙasashen da aka wakilta a NBA. 'Yan wasa daga dukkan nahiyoyi shida da ake zaune a cikinsu a halin yanzu suna wasa a NBA. Manyan 'yan wasa na ƙasashen duniya sun fara shiga NBA a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, ciki har da 'yan Croatia Dražen Petrović da Toni Kukoč, ɗan Serbia Vlade Divac, ɗan Lithuania Arvydas Sabonis da Šarūnas Marčiulionis, ɗan Holland Rik Smits, da kuma ɗan Jamus Detlef Schrempf .A ƙasar Philippines, an buga wasan farko na ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙasar Philippines a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975, a Araneta Coliseum da ke Cubao, birnin Quezon, Philippines. An kafa ta ne a matsayin "tawaye" na ƙungiyoyi da dama daga Ƙungiyar Wasannin Masana'antu da Kasuwanci ta Manila, wadda yanzu ta daina aiki, wadda Ƙungiyar Wasan Kwando ta Philippines (wadda ta daina aiki), wadda ƙungiyar ƙasa da FIBA ta amince da ita a lokacin, ke iko da ita sosai. Ƙungiyoyi tara daga MICAA sun shiga kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar wadda aka buɗe a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1975. NBL ita ce gasar ƙwallon kwando ta ƙwararrun maza ta Ostiraliya. Gasar ta fara ne a shekarar 1979, inda aka fara kakar hunturu (Afrilu-Satumba) kuma ta yi hakan har zuwa kammala kakar wasa ta 20 a shekarar 1998 . Kakar wasa ta 1998-99, wadda ta fara watanni kaɗan bayan haka, ita ce kakar wasa ta farko bayan an sauya zuwa tsarin kakar wasa ta bazara na yanzu (Oktoba-Afrilu). Wannan sauyi wani yunƙuri ne na gujewa yin gogayya kai tsaye da dokokin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ostiraliya daban-daban . Tana da ƙungiyoyi takwas daga ko'ina cikin Ostiraliya da kuma ɗaya a New Zealand. Wasu 'yan wasa kaɗan ciki har da Luc Longley, Andrew Gaze, Shane Heal, Chris Anstey, da Andrew Bogut sun yi fice a duniya, inda suka zama fitattun 'yan wasa a gasar Ostiraliya. Gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa ta fara ne a shekarar 1981. ==Kwallon Kwando na mata== Mata sun fara wasan ƙwallon kwando a kaka ta 1892 a Kwalejin Smith ta hannun Senda Berenson, mataimakiyar darakta ta sabuwar makarantar motsa jiki da kuma malamar ilimin motsa jiki, bayan ta gyara dokokin mata. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan an ɗauki Berenson aiki a Smith, ta ziyarci Naismith don ƙarin koyo game da wasan. [1] Saboda sha'awar sabon wasan da kuma ɗabi'un da zai iya koyarwa, nan take ta gabatar da wasan a matsayin darasi na aji kuma jim kaɗan bayan an tsara ƙungiyoyi. An buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na mata na farko a kwaleji a ranar 21 ga Maris, 1893, lokacin da ɗalibanta na farko da na biyu na Smith suka fafata da juna. [2] [3] An buga wasan farko na mata na hukuma tsakanin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban daga baya a wannan shekarar tsakanin Jami'ar California da Makarantar Miss Head. [4] A shekara ta 1899, an kafa kwamiti a taron horar da motsa jiki da aka yi a Springfield don tsara ƙa'idodi na gaba ɗaya ga ƙwallon kwando na mata. [5] An buga waɗannan ƙa'idodi, waɗanda Berenson ya tsara, a cikin 1899. [6] A shekarar 1902, Berenson ya zama editan littafin Jagorar Kwando ta Mata ta farko ta AG Spalding . [2] A wannan shekarar ne matan Mount Holyoke da Sophie Newcomb College (wanda Clara Gregory Baer ke horar da su), suka fara buga ƙwallon kwando. Zuwa shekarar 1895, wasan ya bazu zuwa kwalejoji a faɗin ƙasar, ciki har da Wellesley, Vassar, da Bryn Mawr . Wasan farko na mata tsakanin kwalejoji ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1896. Matan Stanford sun buga wasa da Berkeley, 9-on-9, inda suka ƙare da nasara 2-1 a Stanford.Ci gaban ƙwallon kwando na mata ya fi tsari fiye da na maza a farkon shekarun. A shekarar 1905, ƙungiyar ilimin motsa jiki ta Amurka ta kafa kwamitin zartarwa kan Dokokin Kwallon Kwando (Kwamitin Kwando na Mata na Ƙasa). [1] Waɗannan ƙa'idoji sun bukaci 'yan wasa shida zuwa tara a kowace ƙungiya da kuma jami'ai 11. Ƙungiyar Wasannin Mata ta Duniya (1924) ta haɗa da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata. An gudanar da gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta jami'ar sakandare guda 37 a shekarar 1925. Kuma a shekarar 1926, ƙungiyar 'yan wasan motsa jiki ta Amateur ta goyi bayan gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta farko ta ƙasa, wadda ta cika da dokokin maza. [1] Ƙungiyar Edmonton Grads, ƙungiyar mata 'yan ƙasar Kanada da ke yawon buɗe ido a Edmonton, Alberta, ta gudanar da ayyukanta tsakanin 1915 zuwa 1940. 'Yan digiri sun yi rangadin ko'ina a Arewacin Amurka, kuma sun yi nasara sosai. Sun yi rikodin nasarori 522 da rashin nasara 20 kacal a cikin wannan lokacin, yayin da suka haɗu da kowace ƙungiya da ke son ƙalubalantar su, suna ba da kuɗin rangadinsu daga rasitin shiga. [2] 'Yan makarantar digiri sun kuma yi fice a tafiye-tafiye da dama na baje kolin zuwa Turai, kuma sun lashe gasannin Olympics guda huɗu a jere, a 1924, 1928, 1932, da 1936; duk da haka, ƙwallon kwando ta mata ba ta kasance wasan Olympics na hukuma ba har sai 1976. 'Yan wasan Grads ba su da albashi, kuma dole ne su ci gaba da zama marasa aure. Salon 'yan makarantar Grades ya mayar da hankali kan wasan ƙungiya, ba tare da jaddada ƙwarewar 'yan wasa ba. An zaɓi ƙungiyar mata ta farko ta AAU All-America a shekarar 1929. [1] Gasar masana'antu ta mata ta bunƙasa a ko'ina cikin Amurka, inda ta samar da shahararrun 'yan wasa, ciki har da Babe Didrikson na Golden Cyclones, da kuma All American Red Heads Team, waɗanda suka fafata da ƙungiyoyin maza, ta hanyar amfani da dokokin maza. Zuwa shekarar 1938, gasar cin kofin ƙasa ta mata ta sauya daga wasan kotu uku zuwa wasan kotu biyu tare da 'yan wasa shida a kowace ƙungiya . [1]Ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙasa (WNBA) wadda NBA ke marawa baya ta fara aiki a shekarar 1997. Duk da cewa yana da yawan masu halarta da ba su da tabbas, 'yan wasa da dama ( Lisa Leslie, Diana Taurasi, Sue Bird, da Candace Parker da sauransu) sun taimaka wa shaharar gasar da kuma matakin gasa. Sauran gasar ƙwallon kwando ta mata ta ƙwararru a Amurka, kamar American Basketball League (1996–98), sun faɗi wani ɓangare saboda shaharar WNBA. Mutane da yawa suna kallon WNBA a matsayin wani babban gasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta ɗauki matakai a kwanan nan. A watan Yunin 2007, WNBA ta tsawaita kwangilarta da ESPN . Sabuwar yarjejeniyar talabijin ta fara ne daga shekarar 2009 zuwa 2016. Tare da wannan yarjejeniyar, an fara biyan kuɗin haƙƙoƙin mata na ƙungiyar wasanni ta ƙwararru. A cikin shekaru takwas na kwangilar, "miliyoyin daloli" an "rufe su ga ƙungiyoyin gasar." A cikin wani labarin da aka buga a ranar 12 ga Maris, 2009, kwamishinan NBA David Stern ya ce a cikin mummunan tattalin arziki, "NBA ba ta da riba sosai fiye da WNBA. Muna asarar kuɗi mai yawa a tsakanin ƙungiyoyi da yawa. Muna tsara kasafin kuɗi don WNBA ta karye ko da a wannan shekarar." [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Ma'auni da iyakokin lokaci da aka tattauna a wannan sashe galibi sun bambanta tsakanin gasa da ƙungiyoyi; ana amfani da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa da NBA a cikin wannan sashe.Manufar wasan ita ce a fi abokan hamayyar mutum cin kwallaye ta hanyar jefa kwallon ta cikin kwandon abokan hamayya daga sama yayin da ake hana abokan hamayya yin hakan da kansu. Ana kiran ƙoƙarin cin kwallo ta wannan hanyar harbi. Harbin da ya yi nasara yana da darajar maki biyu, ko maki uku idan aka ɗauko shi daga saman baka mai maki uku 6.75 metres (22 ft 2 in) daga kwandon a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa [1] da 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) a wasannin NBA. [2] Ana iya samun bugun maki ɗaya idan aka harbi daga layin kuskure bayan an yi laifi. Bayan ƙungiya ta ci kwallo daga bugun daga raga ko kuma daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, ana ci gaba da wasan tare da bayar da jifa ga ƙungiyar da ba ta ci kwallo ba daga wani wuri da ya wuce ƙarshen filin wasa inda aka ci maki. [3] ==Dokokin wasa== Ana buga wasanni a cikin kwata huɗu na 10 ( FIBA ) [1] ko minti 12 (NBA). [2] Wasannin maza na kwaleji suna amfani da rabi biyu na mintuna 20, [3] wasannin mata na kwaleji suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 10, [4] kuma yawancin wasannin jami'o'in sakandare na Amurka suna amfani da kwata na mintuna 8; duk da haka, wannan ya bambanta daga jiha zuwa jiha. [5] [6] An ba da izinin mintuna 15 don hutun rabin lokaci a ƙarƙashin dokokin FIBA, NBA, da NCAA [3] [7] [8] da mintuna 10 a makarantun sakandare na Amurka. [5] Lokacin ƙarin lokaci yana da tsawon mintuna biyar [3] [9] [10] sai dai makarantar sakandare, wacce take da tsawon mintuna huɗu. [5] Ƙungiyoyi sun yi musayar kwanduna don rabin lokaci na biyu. Lokacin da aka yarda shine ainihin lokacin wasa; agogon yana tsayawa yayin da wasan ba ya aiki. Saboda haka, wasanni gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da lokacin da aka ƙayyade na wasan, yawanci kimanin sa'o'i biyu.'Yan wasa biyar daga kowace ƙungiya za su iya kasancewa a filin wasa a lokaci guda. [1] [2] [3] [4] Sauyawar ba ta da iyaka amma ana iya yin ta ne kawai idan an dakatar da wasa. Ƙungiyoyi kuma suna da koci, wanda ke kula da ci gaba da dabarun ƙungiyar, da sauran ma'aikatan ƙungiyar kamar mataimakan koci, manajoji, masu kididdiga, likitoci da masu horarwa.Ga ƙungiyoyin maza da mata, kayan sawa na yau da kullun sun ƙunshi wandon wando da riga mai lamba a bayyane, ta musamman a cikin ƙungiyar, wacce aka buga a gaba da baya.An yarda da takaitaccen adadin lokacin hutu, dakatarwar agogo da koci ya nema (ko kuma wani lokacin da aka wajabta a NBA) don ɗan gajeren ganawa da 'yan wasa. Galibi ba sa wuce minti ɗaya (daƙiƙa 100 a NBA) sai dai idan, a wasannin talabijin, ana buƙatar hutun kasuwanci.Jami'an da suka ƙunshi alkalin wasa (wanda ake kira shugaban ma'aikata a NBA), alkalai ɗaya ko biyu (wanda ake kira alkalai a NBA) da kuma jami'an tebur suna da iko a kan wasan. Ga kwaleji, NBA, da makarantun sakandare da yawa, akwai jimillar alkalai uku a kotun. Jami'an teburin suna da alhakin lura da yawan kwallayen da kowace ƙungiya ta ci, kiyaye lokaci, kurakuran da aka yi wa mutum ɗaya da ƙungiya, canjin 'yan wasa, kibiya mai riƙe da ƙungiyar, da kuma agogon harbi . ==Kayan aiki== Kayan aiki masu mahimmanci kawai a wasan ƙwallon kwando shine ƙwallon da filin wasa: saman da aka yi da murabba'i mai faɗi da kwanduna a ƙarshensa. Matakan gasa suna buƙatar amfani da ƙarin kayan aiki kamar agogo, zanen maki, allon maki, kiban mallaka na madadin, da tsarin agogon tsayawa da ake amfani da shi wajen busawa.Filin wasan ƙwallon kwando na dokoki a wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa yana da tsawon 28 metres (92 ft) da faɗin 15 metres (49 ft) . A gasar NBA da NCAA, filin wasan yana 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m) . [1] Yawancin kotuna suna da benayen katako, galibi ana gina su ne da allunan maple waɗanda ke gudana a daidai da girman farfajiyar da ta fi tsayi. [2] [3] Suna da tambarin ƙungiyar gida galibi ana fentin su a tsakiyar da'irar ko a kusa da ita.Kwandon gefen ƙarfe ne mai 18 inches (46 cm)diamita tare da raga da aka haɗa a kan allon baya wanda girmansa ya kai 6 by 3.5 feet (1.8 by 1.1 m) kuma kwando ɗaya yana a kowane ƙarshen filin. Akwatin fari da aka zana a kan allon baya shine 18 inches (46 cm)tsayin santimita da 2 feet (61 cm) faɗi. A kusan dukkan matakan gasa, saman gefen yana daidai da 10 feet (3.05 m) sama da filin wasa da 4 feet (1.22 m) a cikin tushen filin. Duk da cewa akwai yiwuwar bambance-bambance a girman filin wasa da kuma bayan gida, ana ganin yana da muhimmanci a sanya kwandon ya kasance daidai tsayinsa - gefen da aka cire da inci kaɗan zai iya yin mummunan tasiri ga harbi. Dole ne raga ta "duba ƙwallon na ɗan lokaci yayin da take wucewa ta cikin kwandon" don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da gani cewa ƙwallon ta wuce. [1] Aikin duba ƙwallon yana da ƙarin fa'idar rage gudu da ƙwallon ta yadda dawowar ba za ta yi nisa ba. [2]Ana kuma tsara girman ƙwallon kwando. Ga maza, ƙwallon hukuma ta hukuma ita ce 29.5 inches (75 cm) a zagaye (girman 7, ko kuma "ƙwallo 295") kuma yana da nauyin 22 ounces (620 g) . Idan mata suna wasa, girman ƙwallon kwando na hukuma shine 28.5 inches (72 cm) a zagaye (girman 6, ko kuma "ƙwallo 285") mai nauyin 20 ounces (570 g) . A cikin 3x3, sigar wasan halfcourt 3-on-3, ƙwallon da aka keɓe tare da kewaye da ƙwallon girman 6 amma nauyin ƙwallon girman 7 ana amfani da shi a duk gasa (na maza, na mata, da ƙungiyoyin gauraye). [1] ==Keta haddi== Ana iya tura ƙwallon zuwa ga kwandon ta hanyar harbi, wucewa tsakanin 'yan wasa, jefa ta, taɓa ta, birgima ko kuma dribbled (buga ƙwallon yayin gudu).Dole ne ƙwallon ta kasance a cikin filin wasa; ƙungiya ta ƙarshe da ta taɓa ƙwallon kafin ta yi tafiya daga kan iyaka za ta rasa mallakarta. Kwallon ba ta da iyaka idan ta taɓa layin iyaka, ko kuma ta taɓa kowane ɗan wasa ko wani abu da ya fita daga iyaka.Ba za a iya buga ƙwallon ba, ko kuma a buge shi da dunkulallen hannu. A kan harin, karya waɗannan ƙa'idodi yana haifar da asarar mallakar kwallo; ga masu tsaron gida, yawancin lig suna sake saita agogon harbi kuma ana ba wa ƙungiyar masu kai hari ikon mallakar ƙwallon daga waje.Akwai iyaka da aka sanya kan lokacin da aka ɗauka kafin a ci gaba da ƙwallon bayan rabin lokaci (daƙiƙa 8 a FIBA da NBA; daƙiƙa 10 a NCAA da makarantar sakandare ga dukkan jinsi), kafin a yi ƙoƙarin harbi (daƙiƙa 24 a FIBA, NBA, da U Sports (jami'o'in Kanada) suna wasa ga dukkan jinsi, da kuma daƙiƙa 30 a NCAA suna wasa ga dukkan jinsi), riƙe ƙwallon yayin da ake tsare shi sosai (daƙiƙa 5), da kuma kasancewa a yankin da aka takaita wanda aka sani da layin jefa ƙwallo kyauta, (ko " maɓallin ") (daƙiƙa 3). An tsara waɗannan ƙa'idodi ne don ƙara yawan aikata laifuka.Akwai kuma iyaka kan yadda 'yan wasa za su iya toshe yunƙurin jefa ƙwallo a filin wasa ko kuma taimaka wa yunƙurin jefa ƙwallo a filin wasa. Mai tsaron raga shine taɓa ƙwallon da mai tsaron baya ke yi da ke kan hanyarsa ta zuwa ƙasa zuwa ga kwandon, yayin da keta katsalandan na kwandon ke da alaƙa da taɓa ƙwallon da ke kan gefen ko sama da kwandon, ko kuma ta hanyar ɗan wasa ya miƙa ta cikin kwandon daga ƙasa. Tsangwamar mai tsaron raga da kuma tsangwamar da mai tsaron baya ya yi yana haifar da ba wa kwandon damar kai hari, yayin da tsangwamar da mai tsaron baya ya yi ke haifar da soke kwallon idan aka ci daya. 'Yan wasan tsaron gida suna samun damar mamaye duk wani lamari na tsaron gida ko kuma tsoma baki a cikin kwando. qpisfv8my8vyudi44u1wyqxmmcxs9xl 0 166226 915522 2026-09-03T14:26:44Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333821504|Women in Kosovo]]" 915522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Al Fatih Muhammad Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo. Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko, 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar, mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  ldujb7dzv38w6gtpo4i25jinndiy32p 915523 915522 2026-09-03T14:27:17Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo. Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko, 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar, mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  tqx1ti81405tqc8idbor5lfx02tt1rs 915524 915523 2026-09-03T14:28:58Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko, 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar, mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  9xck080tkzvwd4wgxh0afjgmj8pfs1f 915525 915524 2026-09-03T14:30:24Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar, mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  f9l92tnpeajxotw8amtdjmm50hfmjv1 915527 915525 2026-09-03T14:32:10Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915527 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar, mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  k0f78z415zbbpp1qa7e0hjk6w3sidju 915531 915527 2026-09-03T14:35:49Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai. == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  5nk73c4al423myvjxgapy322pwyj23t 915532 915531 2026-09-03T14:37:03Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado. Saboda al'adun al'adu, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  di023iwabhvlchspp57hmw8ws6hhh9q 915534 915532 2026-09-03T14:38:53Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Daidaiton jinsi */ 915534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian. Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  0x487ukdmyy2iuvna5v3z2ez6xrknp2 915535 915534 2026-09-03T14:40:22Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 */ 915535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/20/serb-gang-rapes-kosovo-exposed|title=Serb Gang-Rapes in Kosovo Exposed|date=2000-03-20|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin. Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  syea5okfms68fl11fghddsdq148t6f8 915536 915535 2026-09-03T14:41:21Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 */ 915536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/20/serb-gang-rapes-kosovo-exposed|title=Serb Gang-Rapes in Kosovo Exposed|date=2000-03-20|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai. Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  9z95hg195ydho7xht7ehr4sqfyuywmb 915537 915536 2026-09-03T14:42:34Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 */ 915537 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/20/serb-gang-rapes-kosovo-exposed|title=Serb Gang-Rapes in Kosovo Exposed|date=2000-03-20|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/10/feature-kosovo-legal-recognition-of-war-time-sexual-violence-survivors|title=In Kosovo, legal recognition of war-time sexual violence survivors after 18 years|work=UN Women|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243. Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  fdhso9bo32r08jxp7ssbzujuxvtztkm 915539 915537 2026-09-03T14:43:50Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Cin zarafin mata */ 915539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/20/serb-gang-rapes-kosovo-exposed|title=Serb Gang-Rapes in Kosovo Exposed|date=2000-03-20|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/10/feature-kosovo-legal-recognition-of-war-time-sexual-violence-survivors|title=In Kosovo, legal recognition of war-time sexual violence survivors after 18 years|work=UN Women|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-women-violence/kosovos-battered-women-trapped-in-vicious-cycle-in-black-hole-of-europe-idUSKBN1D80KB|title=Kosovo's battered women trapped in vicious cycle in 'black hole' of...|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  q7ma2v90suxmwe0y77czdklb2nh6evv 915540 915539 2026-09-03T14:44:17Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 915540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=93|thumb|Muslim woman of Prisren (figure 1), from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair]] '''Mata a Kosovo''' mata ne da ke zaune a ko daga Jamhuriyar Kosovo. A matsayin 'Yan ƙasa na al'ummar bayan yaƙin, wasu matan Kosovo (ko Kosovan) sun zama mahalarta a cikin tsarin gina zaman lafiya da kafa daidaito na jinsi a cikin tsarin farfadowa na Kosovo.<ref name=Escola>[http://escolapau.uab.cat/img/qcp/qcp02i.pdf An Approach to the Kosovo Post-War Rehabilitation Process from a Gender Perspective], QUADERNS DE CONSTRUCCIÓ DE PAU Nº 2, escola de cultura de pau, page 5.</ref> Mata a Kosovo sun kuma zama masu aiki a siyasa da tilasta bin doka a Jamhuriyar Kosovo. Misali daga cikinsu shine zaben Atifete Jahjaga a matsayin Shugaban Kosovo na huɗu. {{Ref label|status|a|}}Ita ce mace ta farko,<ref>[http://www.factmonster.com/world/countries/kosovo.html First Female Elected President], Kosovo</ref> 'yar takara ta farko da ba ta jam'iyya ba, kuma ƙarama ce da aka zaba a ofishin shugaban kasa a kasar. Kafin ta zama shugaban kasa,<ref name="police">[http://shqip.time.mk/read/06c7286c1d/3e2d1c32dd/index.html Koha, "Në krye të Policisë së Kosovës, Atifete Jahjaga"] ''Shqip TIME.mk'' 16 October 2010 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Darakta na 'Yan sanda na Kosovo, tana riƙe da matsayin babban janar,<ref name="election/rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13911 "Atifete Jahjaga zgjidhet presidente e Republikës"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 6 April 2011)</ref> mafi girma a cikin mata a Kudu maso gabashin Turai.<ref name="rank">[http://www.telegrafi.com/?id=2&a=13894 "Kush do të na udhëheq"] ''Telegrafi.com'' 7 April 2011 (accessed 7 April 2011)</ref> == Daidaiton jinsi == Mata a Kosovo suna da daidaito da maza dangane da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a, haƙƙin mallaka, da aiki. Koyaya, ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin 100 na duk kasuwancin da ke Kosovo mata ne ke jagoranta ko mallakar su kuma ƙasa da kashi 3 cikin 100 na dukkan rancen kasuwanci suna zuwa ga mata.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Women Gain Traction in Kosovo's Business Sector {{!}} Transforming Lives {{!}} Kosovo |url=https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314034445/https://www.usaid.gov/results-data/success-stories/women-succeeding-business-kosovo |archive-date=March 14, 2017 |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Wannan wani bangare ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mata ba su da garantin da ake buƙata don samun rance saboda dukiya galibi ana yin rajista da sunan namiji. Kashi 18 cikin dari na mata ne kawai ke da dukiya kuma kashi 3.8 cikin dari na gado.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-landrights-lawmaking/kosovo-launches-drive-to-encourage-women-to-claim-property-rights-idUSKBN154233|title=Kosovo launches drive to encourage women to claim property rights|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Saboda al'adun gargajiya, ana cire mata daga gadon dukiya ko kuma ana sa ran su ba da gadonsu ga dangin maza. == Rikicin jima'i a lokacin rikici na 1998-1999 == A lokacin rikici a yankin daga 1998-1999, an bayar da rahoton fyade. A cewar Human Rights Watch a cikin rahoton su na 2000 game da tashin hankali, akwai rahotanni 96 na fyade da sojojin Serbia da Yugoslav suka yi wa matan Kosovo Albanian.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2000/03/20/serb-gang-rapes-kosovo-exposed|title=Serb Gang-Rapes in Kosovo Exposed|date=2000-03-20|work=Human Rights Watch|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Mutane da yawa sun yi imanin cewa wannan adadin ya fi ƙarancin adadin wadanda abin ya shafa, tare da kimantawa a cikin dubban.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2016 |title=Ending the Shame of Kosovo's Rape Victims |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/22/the-rape-victims-of-kosovo-bosnia-commission/ |access-date=2018-02-20 |website=Foreign Policy |language=en}}</ref> Rape a wannan lokacin ya ɗauki nau'o'i uku: fyade a cikin gidajen mata, fyade yayin tashi, da fyade a tsare. Hanyar farko ta faru ne a ƙauyukan waɗanda suka tsira, inda aka yi musu fyade a gaban iyalansu da maƙwabtansu a wasu lokuta. Sashe na biyu ya shafi fyade da aka yi wa mata wadanda suka rasa muhallinsu a ciki sabili da haka daga gidajensu. Kashi na ƙarshe ya shafi matan da aka yi wa fyade yayin da suke cikin sansanonin tsare-tsare na wucin gadi. Kusan dukkanin fyade da aka ruwaito sun kasance fyade na ƙungiyoyi, tare da mafi yawan sojojin Serbia da suka aikata don tsoratar da fararen hula da gangan, karɓar kuɗi daga sanannun, ko tilasta mutane su gudu daga yankin.<ref name=":0" /> Bayan karshen rikici, mutane da yawa da suka tsira sun sa mazajensu su bar su kuma wasu sun yi renon 'ya'yansu su kaɗai.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/10/feature-kosovo-legal-recognition-of-war-time-sexual-violence-survivors|title=In Kosovo, legal recognition of war-time sexual violence survivors after 18 years|work=UN Women|access-date=2018-02-20|language=en}}</ref> Wadannan wadanda suka tsira ba su da wata sanarwa ta doka game da wahalar da suka sha, don haka, a cikin shekara ta 2006, kokarin sun fara ba da sanarwa ta shari'a ga wadanda suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i a lokacin rikici. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2014 ba ne wannan dokar ta wuce. Kwanan nan, matakan shari'a sun fara aiwatar da shirye-shiryen biyan diyya ga matan da suka tsira daga tashin hankali na jima'i da ya shafi rikici. A watan Satumbar 2017, gwamnatin Kosovo ta ware kasafin kuɗi don ganewa da tabbatar da matsayin waɗanda suka tsira.<ref name=":1" /> Saboda haka, waɗannan mata sun sami matsayi a matsayin farar hula da ke fama da yaki kuma suna karɓar fansho na kowane wata. == Cin zarafin mata == [[Fayil:Kosovar_Albanian_women.jpg|thumb|Mata na kabilanci a Kosovo]] Cin zarafin gida ya zama ruwan dare a duk faɗin Kosovo. A cikin 2016, 'yan sanda sun sami rahotanni 870 na tashin hankali na cikin gida wanda daga baya ya haifar da kama mutane 243.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kosovo-women-violence/kosovos-battered-women-trapped-in-vicious-cycle-in-black-hole-of-europe-idUSKBN1D80KB|title=Kosovo's battered women trapped in vicious cycle in 'black hole' of...|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-02-20}}</ref> Koyaya, kafofin sun kiyasta cewa kashi 90 cikin 100 na abubuwan da suka faru na tashin hankali a cikin gida ba a bayar da rahoton ba. A cikin binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2015, kashi 68 cikin 100 na mata sun ba da rahoton cewa sun sha wahala daga tashin hankali na gida a wani lokaci a rayuwarsu.<ref name=":2" /> Binciken ya kuma gano cewa kashi 20 cikin 100 na maza da mata masu amsa sun yi tunanin yana da kyau ga miji ya doke matarsa. Wannan karɓar gaba ɗaya ga tashin hankali na cikin gida na iya ba da gudummawa ga yawan abin da ya faru. Mutane da yawa suna jin cewa tsarin shari'ar aikata laifuka yana da wani bangare na zargi kamar yadda haɗuwa da cin hanci da rashawa na 'yan sanda da tsarin jin tausayi na maza ya bar su da isasshen kariya. Saboda matsayin Kosovo, 'yan ƙasa ba za su iya zuwa Kotun Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Turai ba, saboda haka dole ne su magance dukkan batutuwa a cikin gida. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:451070/FULLTEXT01 Matsayin Mata da Muhalli - Nazarin Shari'a:Kosovo] by Nexhi Halimi * Kosovo A Short History By NOEL MALCOLM, New York University Press * [https://www.ndi.org/syla-parhamovich-fellowship KOSOVO FELLOW don tabbatar da jagororin WOMEN a LOCAL, na kasa da kasa] * [http://www.startribune.com/world/16692881.html Mata a Kosovo sun sha wahala daga mummunan tarihi] An adana shi 2008-03-20 a Labari ta: TRACY WILKINSON, Los Angeles Times, StarTribune * [http://www.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/women-for-women-kosovo-report-press-release.php 'Yancin Ƙananan' yan Kasuwanci a Kosovo Sakamakon Bincike Game da' Yancin Mata] An adana 2014-01-08 a * Shugaban kasa na Kosovo ya rikice Dokokin Game da "Uwargidan Farko" An adana shi 2016-08-04 a * [http://www.womenforwomeninternational.org.uk/blog/in-the-news-oral-history-initiative-in-kosovo/ A cikin Labaran - Shirin Tarihin Magana a Kosovo] * [http://www.peacewomen.org/news_article.php?id=371&type=event Mata na Kosovo a cikin Aiki: Maido da Tarihin Tsayayyar Jama'a]  lbaplyxu9dqhmwiuyi71inpf25k0i31 0 166227 915526 2026-09-03T14:31:53Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371263815|Pashtana Durrani]]" 915526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pashtana Durrani''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ce a Afghanistan, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, kuma mai ilimi. Ita ce ta kafa LEARN Afghanistan, cibiyar sadarwa ta farko ta makarantun dijital a ƙasar, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don samar da ilimi ga yara da mata na Afghanistan, musamman mai da hankali kan ilimin 'yan mata da haƙƙin mata. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Idaszak |first=Josh |date=Spring 2022 |title=In Exile, but Undaunted |url=https://magazine.wellesley.edu/spring-2022/exile-undaunted |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Wellesley Magazine}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pashtana's Diary |url=https://learnafghan.org/pashtanas-diary/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=LEARN |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Pashtana Durrani a shekarar 1997 a wani sansanin 'yan gudun hijira kusa da [[Quetta|Quetta, Pakistan]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=My Organization Empowers Girls Through Education — By Running Underground Schools in Afghanistan |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/girls-education-afghanistan-pashtana-durrani/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Iyalan Durrani, waɗanda suka girma a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, sun yi matuƙar daraja ilimi, suna ɗaukar taken: ''"Za ku iya jin yunwa, amma ba tare da yin karatu ba."'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ruchi |date=2023-03-09 |title=The Afghan woman running covert schools under the Taliban's nose |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/2023/03/09/the-afghan-woman-running-covert-schools-under-the-talibans-nose/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, mahaifinta, shugaban ƙabila, ya kafa makarantar 'yan mata a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, inda mahaifiyarta da goggonta ke koyarwa. Wannan shiri ya samar da ilimi ga 'yan matan yankin duk da shingayen al'adu da dabaru, wanda hakan ya sanya Durrani ta dage ga neman ilimi har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2016, bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, Durrani ya koma Afghanistan. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta lokacin tana da shekaru 21, ta hau kan kujerar shugabancin iyalinta kuma ƙabilarta ta zaɓe ta a matsayin khan, rawar da ta taka har sai da ƙanenta ya girma. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=This Afghan Activist Is Fighting for Girls' Education Despite Living in Exile |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/pashtana-durrani-global-citizen-prize-afghanistan/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Kafa LEARN Afghanistan == A shekarar 2018, Durrani ya kafa LEARN Afghanistan, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke ba da ilimi ga yara da mata 'yan Afghanistan ta hanyar dandamalin dijital. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin da Taliban ta kwace mulkin Afghanistan a shekarar 2021, LEARN ta gudanar da makarantun dijital guda 18 a kudancin Afghanistan, inda ta ilmantar da ɗalibai sama da 10,000 tare da horar da malamai sama da 80 kan ilimin fasahar dijital. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name="LTELTL">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2023 |title=LAST TO EAT, LAST TO LEARN |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/pashtana-durrani/last-to-eat-last-to-learn/ |access-date=September 20, 2023 |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da fifiko ga lafiyar 'yan mata, inda ta horar da 'yan mata 700 kan kula da tsaftar jinin al'ada. Bayan [[Rashin Kabul (2021)|faduwar Kabul a watan Agusta na 2021]], Durrani ya ɓuya. <ref name=":1" /> LEARN Afghanistan ta sake fara aiki, kodayake a ɓoye, cikin wata guda da karɓar iko. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan sake farfaɗowar Taliban a shekarar 2021, LEARN ta sauya zuwa gudanar da makarantun ƙarƙashin ƙasa a larduna biyar, tana ci gaba da ilmantar da ɗaruruwan 'yan mata kowace rana duk da manyan haɗari. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website">{{Cite web |title=Pashtana Durrani Website |url=https://www.pashtanadurrani.com/}}</ref> Nan da shekarar 2024, wannan hanyar sadarwa ta faɗaɗa zuwa larduna shida, tare da makarantun ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Kandahar, Helmand, Daikundi, Samangan, Herat, da Bamyan, tare da ilmantar da ɗalibai sama da 650 a ƙarƙashin ayyukan ɓoye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LEARN Afghan Website |url=https://learnafghan.org/}}</ref> A lokacin da Taliban ta kwace iko, Durrani yana karatun kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Amurka ta Afghanistan . <ref name=":3" /> An tilasta mata yin gudun hijira a watan Oktoban 2021, sai ta koma Amurka. A watan Nuwamba na 2021, ta zama ma'aikaciyar ziyara a Kwalejin Wellesley, inda ta mayar da hankali kan yadda za a inganta rarraba tallafin jin kai da kuma rage cin hanci da rashawa a fannin kuɗi. ''<ref name=":3" />'' A shekarar 2023, rawar da ta taka ta koma ta International Scholar in Residence, inda ta ci gaba da aikinta na tallafawa mata da 'yan matan Afghanistan ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi da lafiyar mata masu juna biyu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website" /> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Yunkurin Durrani ya yi tasiri sosai a kan yadda aka renon ta da kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta a matsayinta na 'yar gudun hijira da kuma mai ilimi. Ta jaddada ikon kawo sauyi na ilimi wajen wargaza shingayen da ke cikin tsarin da kuma karfafa al'umma. Duk da tilasta mata yin hijira, ta ci gaba da fafutukar neman ilimin 'yan matan Afghanistan daga ƙasashen waje, tana yawan yin sharhi a kan dandamali kamar BBC, [[CNN]], da PBS. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="LTELTL" /> == Aikin ilimi da na sana'a == Durrani ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a ƙasashen duniya wadda take zaune a Cibiyar Wellesley ta Mata, tana mai da hankali kan ilimin mata da lafiyar mata. Tana kuma karatun digirin digirgir na biyu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website" /> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * Wakilin Matasa na Duniya na 2017–2019, [[Amnesty International]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WCW Pashtana Durrani |url=https://www.wcwonline.org/Active-Researchers/pashtana-durrani}}</ref> * Zakaran Ilimi na Asusun Malala na 2020 <ref name=":2" /> * 2021 Tällberg-SNF-Eliasson Prize Jagoran Haihuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=TSNF 2021 Winners |url=https://tallbergfoundation.org/announcements/2021-winners-tallberg-snf-eliasson-global-leadership-prize/}}</ref> * Mata 100 na BBC a 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC 100 Women 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59514598}}</ref> * Kyautar Matasa Masu Fafutukar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-09-12 |title=2022 Summit |url=https://www.youngactivistssummit.org/2022-summit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117115513/https://www.youngactivistssummit.org/2022-summit/ |archive-date=2022-11-17 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Young Activists Summit |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kyautar CEU Open Society ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=CEU Names Afghan Women and Girls Winners of CEU Open Society Prize |url=https://www.ceu.edu/article/2023-06-23/ceu-names-afghan-women-and-girls-winners-ceu-open-society-prize |website=CEU}}</ref> * Kyautar 'Yan Kasa ta Duniya ta 2023 don 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref name=":2" /> * Kyautar Jinƙai ta Muhammad Ali ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center announces 2023 Muhammad Ali Humanitarian Award recipients |url=https://alicenter.org/acenter-announces-2023-muhammad-ali-humanitarian-award-recipients/#:~:text=Pashtana%20Durrani%20(25)%20will%20receive,80%20teachers%20in%20digital%20literacy. |website=alicenter.org}}</ref> * Kyautar Kyau ta Mata ta 2024, Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=The Women Economic Forum Launches New York Chapter and Celebrates Women of Achievement at First Awards Event |url=https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/695072824/the-women-economic-forum-launches-new-york-chapter-and-celebrates-women-of-achievement-at-first-awards-event/ |website=fox59.com}}</ref> * 2024 'Yar Girma, Cibiyar Muhammad Ali <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daughters of Greatness: Pashtana Durrani |url=https://alicenter.org/events/daughters-of-greatness-pashtana-durrani/ |website=alicenter.org}}</ref> == Memoir == Littafin tarihin Durrani, ''[https://www.kensingtonbooks.com/9780806542447/last-to-eat-last-to-learn/ Last to Eat, Last to Learn]'' (2022, Kensington), ya ba da labarin tafiyarta daga 'yan gudun hijira zuwa masu fafutuka da kuma aikinta tare da LEARN Afghanistan. <ref name="LTELTL" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ak25e810quevg8jowo3ggaek2csmkoc 915528 915526 2026-09-03T14:32:17Z Arcdanumma047 38699 915528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Pashtana Durrani''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1997) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata ce a Afghanistan, kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata, kuma mai ilimi. Ita ce ta kafa LEARN Afghanistan, cibiyar sadarwa ta farko ta makarantun dijital a ƙasar, wacce ta sadaukar da kanta don samar da ilimi ga yara da mata na Afghanistan, musamman mai da hankali kan ilimin 'yan mata da haƙƙin mata. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Idaszak |first=Josh |date=Spring 2022 |title=In Exile, but Undaunted |url=https://magazine.wellesley.edu/spring-2022/exile-undaunted |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Wellesley Magazine}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Pashtana's Diary |url=https://learnafghan.org/pashtanas-diary/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=LEARN |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Pashtana Durrani a shekarar 1997 a wani sansanin 'yan gudun hijira kusa da [[Quetta|Quetta, Pakistan]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-07 |title=My Organization Empowers Girls Through Education — By Running Underground Schools in Afghanistan |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/girls-education-afghanistan-pashtana-durrani/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Iyalan Durrani, waɗanda suka girma a matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, sun yi matuƙar daraja ilimi, suna ɗaukar taken: ''"Za ku iya jin yunwa, amma ba tare da yin karatu ba."'' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Ruchi |date=2023-03-09 |title=The Afghan woman running covert schools under the Taliban's nose |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/2023/03/09/the-afghan-woman-running-covert-schools-under-the-talibans-nose/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2001, mahaifinta, shugaban ƙabila, ya kafa makarantar 'yan mata a sansanin 'yan gudun hijira, inda mahaifiyarta da goggonta ke koyarwa. Wannan shiri ya samar da ilimi ga 'yan matan yankin duk da shingayen al'adu da dabaru, wanda hakan ya sanya Durrani ta dage ga neman ilimi har tsawon rayuwarsa. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2016, bayan kammala makarantar sakandare, Durrani ya koma Afghanistan. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta lokacin tana da shekaru 21, ta hau kan kujerar shugabancin iyalinta kuma ƙabilarta ta zaɓe ta a matsayin khan, rawar da ta taka har sai da ƙanenta ya girma. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-07 |title=This Afghan Activist Is Fighting for Girls' Education Despite Living in Exile |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/pashtana-durrani-global-citizen-prize-afghanistan/ |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Kafa LEARN Afghanistan == A shekarar 2018, Durrani ya kafa LEARN Afghanistan, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke ba da ilimi ga yara da mata 'yan Afghanistan ta hanyar dandamalin dijital. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> A lokacin da Taliban ta kwace mulkin Afghanistan a shekarar 2021, LEARN ta gudanar da makarantun dijital guda 18 a kudancin Afghanistan, inda ta ilmantar da ɗalibai sama da 10,000 tare da horar da malamai sama da 80 kan ilimin fasahar dijital. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name="LTELTL">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2023 |title=LAST TO EAT, LAST TO LEARN |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/pashtana-durrani/last-to-eat-last-to-learn/ |access-date=September 20, 2023 |website=Kirkus Reviews |language=en}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta kuma ba da fifiko ga lafiyar 'yan mata, inda ta horar da 'yan mata 700 kan kula da tsaftar jinin al'ada. Bayan [[Rashin Kabul (2021)|faduwar Kabul a watan Agusta na 2021]], Durrani ya ɓuya. <ref name=":1" /> LEARN Afghanistan ta sake fara aiki, kodayake a ɓoye, cikin wata guda da karɓar iko. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan sake farfaɗowar Taliban a shekarar 2021, LEARN ta sauya zuwa gudanar da makarantun ƙarƙashin ƙasa a larduna biyar, tana ci gaba da ilmantar da ɗaruruwan 'yan mata kowace rana duk da manyan haɗari. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website">{{Cite web |title=Pashtana Durrani Website |url=https://www.pashtanadurrani.com/}}</ref> Nan da shekarar 2024, wannan hanyar sadarwa ta faɗaɗa zuwa larduna shida, tare da makarantun ƙarƙashin ƙasa a Kandahar, Helmand, Daikundi, Samangan, Herat, da Bamyan, tare da ilmantar da ɗalibai sama da 650 a ƙarƙashin ayyukan ɓoye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=LEARN Afghan Website |url=https://learnafghan.org/}}</ref> A lokacin da Taliban ta kwace iko, Durrani yana karatun kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Amurka ta Afghanistan . <ref name=":3" /> An tilasta mata yin gudun hijira a watan Oktoban 2021, sai ta koma Amurka. A watan Nuwamba na 2021, ta zama ma'aikaciyar ziyara a Kwalejin Wellesley, inda ta mayar da hankali kan yadda za a inganta rarraba tallafin jin kai da kuma rage cin hanci da rashawa a fannin kuɗi. ''<ref name=":3" />'' A shekarar 2023, rawar da ta taka ta koma ta International Scholar in Residence, inda ta ci gaba da aikinta na tallafawa mata da 'yan matan Afghanistan ta hanyar shirye-shiryen ilimi da lafiyar mata masu juna biyu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website" /> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Yunkurin Durrani ya yi tasiri sosai a kan yadda aka renon ta da kuma abubuwan da ta fuskanta a matsayinta na 'yar gudun hijira da kuma mai ilimi. Ta jaddada ikon kawo sauyi na ilimi wajen wargaza shingayen da ke cikin tsarin da kuma karfafa al'umma. Duk da tilasta mata yin hijira, ta ci gaba da fafutukar neman ilimin 'yan matan Afghanistan daga ƙasashen waje, tana yawan yin sharhi a kan dandamali kamar BBC, [[CNN]], da PBS. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="LTELTL" /> == Aikin ilimi da na sana'a == Durrani ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a ƙasashen duniya wadda take zaune a Cibiyar Wellesley ta Mata, tana mai da hankali kan ilimin mata da lafiyar mata. Tana kuma karatun digirin digirgir na biyu a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] . <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="website" /> == Lambobin yabo da karramawa == * Wakilin Matasa na Duniya na 2017–2019, [[Amnesty International]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=WCW Pashtana Durrani |url=https://www.wcwonline.org/Active-Researchers/pashtana-durrani}}</ref> * Zakaran Ilimi na Asusun Malala na 2020 <ref name=":2" /> * 2021 Tällberg-SNF-Eliasson Prize Jagoran Haihuwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=TSNF 2021 Winners |url=https://tallbergfoundation.org/announcements/2021-winners-tallberg-snf-eliasson-global-leadership-prize/}}</ref> * Mata 100 na BBC a 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC 100 Women 2021 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-59514598}}</ref> * Kyautar Matasa Masu Fafutukar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-09-12 |title=2022 Summit |url=https://www.youngactivistssummit.org/2022-summit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117115513/https://www.youngactivistssummit.org/2022-summit/ |archive-date=2022-11-17 |access-date=2023-09-20 |website=Young Activists Summit |language=en-US}}</ref> * Kyautar CEU Open Society ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-23 |title=CEU Names Afghan Women and Girls Winners of CEU Open Society Prize |url=https://www.ceu.edu/article/2023-06-23/ceu-names-afghan-women-and-girls-winners-ceu-open-society-prize |website=CEU}}</ref> * Kyautar 'Yan Kasa ta Duniya ta 2023 don 'Yancin Dan Adam <ref name=":2" /> * Kyautar Jinƙai ta Muhammad Ali ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Center announces 2023 Muhammad Ali Humanitarian Award recipients |url=https://alicenter.org/acenter-announces-2023-muhammad-ali-humanitarian-award-recipients/#:~:text=Pashtana%20Durrani%20(25)%20will%20receive,80%20teachers%20in%20digital%20literacy. |website=alicenter.org}}</ref> * Kyautar Kyau ta Mata ta 2024, Dandalin Tattalin Arziki na Duniya . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=The Women Economic Forum Launches New York Chapter and Celebrates Women of Achievement at First Awards Event |url=https://fox59.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/695072824/the-women-economic-forum-launches-new-york-chapter-and-celebrates-women-of-achievement-at-first-awards-event/ |website=fox59.com}}</ref> * 2024 'Yar Girma, Cibiyar Muhammad Ali <ref>{{Cite web |title=Daughters of Greatness: Pashtana Durrani |url=https://alicenter.org/events/daughters-of-greatness-pashtana-durrani/ |website=alicenter.org}}</ref> == Memoir == Littafin tarihin Durrani, ''[https://www.kensingtonbooks.com/9780806542447/last-to-eat-last-to-learn/ Last to Eat, Last to Learn]'' (2022, Kensington), ya ba da labarin tafiyarta daga 'yan gudun hijira zuwa masu fafutuka da kuma aikinta tare da LEARN Afghanistan. <ref name="LTELTL" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6we1ephx4u4b0wgr2lr229p8rnd21es 0 166228 915529 2026-09-03T14:33:50Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1330101315|University of the Western Lands]]" 915529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Szpital_Wolski_widok_z_rogu_ulic_Górczewskiej_i_Płockiej.jpg|thumb| Tsohon Asibitin Wolski da ke Warsaw, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da Sashen Lafiya na Jami'ar Western Lands ke aiki]] '''Jami'ar Yammacin Yamma''' ( Yaren mutanen Polish , UZZ, wanda aka fassara a matsayin ''Jami'ar Yankin Yamma'' ko ''Jami'ar Yankunan Yamma'' ) jami'a ce ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta Poland a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Malaman sun ƙunshi mafi yawan farfesoshi na Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz ta Poznań waɗanda 'yan Nazi suka kora, kuma sun haɗa da sassa 17 daban-daban, ciki har da sashen likitanci da tiyata. Ya yi aiki da farko a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]] daga 1940 zuwa 1944 kuma yana da rassa a Kielce, Jędrzejow, Częstochowa da Milanówek . == Tarihi da ayyukan == An kafa Jami'ar Ƙasashen Yamma a watan Oktoban 1940 a matsayin wani shiri na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Ƙasar Karkashin Ƙasa ta Poland . Daga cikin waɗanda suka shiga cikin kafa ta akwai {{Interlanguage link|Maksymilian Rode|pl}}, [[Ludwik Jaksa Bykowski]], {{Interlanguage link|Władysław Kowalenko|pl}}, {{Interlanguage link|Roman Pollak|pl}} (shugaban farko na sashen kare hakkin dan adam), da kuma [[Witold Sawicki]] . <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Wasu fitattun malamai sun haɗa da {{Interlanguage link|Józef Rafacz|pl}} (shugaban farko na sashen shari'a), Roman Rybarski, Władysław Kowalski (shugaban sashen tauhidi), {{Interlanguage link|Bronisław Koskowski|pl}} (shugaban sashen harhada magunguna), da {{Interlanguage link|Adam Wrzosek|pl}} (shugaban sashen lafiya). <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Yawancin malaman sun fito ne daga Jami'ar Poznań, waɗanda Nazi suka mayar da su cibiyar Jamusawa kawai bayan an kori malaman Poland. Jami'ar tana aiki a Warsaw, kuma za ta yi aiki tare da sauran jami'o'in Warsaw na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, waɗanda suka fito daga birnin. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> <ref name="Borodziej2006" /> A tsawon lokaci, jami'ar za ta buɗe sassa daban-daban guda 17, ciki har da sassa 6. <ref name="WIEM" /> A shekarun 1942 da 1943, sassan ilimin tauhidi, likitanci, magunguna, da gandun daji/noma, da kuma Cibiyar Teku, sun haɗu da sassan ilimin ɗan adam da shari'a na jami'ar. Sashen harhada magunguna a wannan lokacin yana da ɗalibai 215. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> A tsakiyar shekarar 1944, sashen ilimin ɗan adam ya yi laccoci 32 da ɗalibai 168. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen likitanci, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1942/1943, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu, tare da ɗalibai 610 da malamai 95 a shekarar 1943/1944. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen ilimin tauhidi yana da malamai 5 kacal da ɗalibai 20. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen shari'a ya fi shahara; shekarar 1943/1944 ta sami masu sauraro sama da 600. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Wannan sashen ya ba da digiri na biyu da digiri na uku guda 54. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Gabaɗaya, a shekarar 1943/1944, jami'ar tana da ɗalibai kusan 1,200. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> A shekarar 1943/1944 Jami'ar ta buɗe rassanta na farko a wajen Warsaw, a Częstochowa da Kielce . Zai sami wasu nau'i na kasancewa a cikin mafi yawan Babban Gwamnatin, a Milanówek, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Radomsko, Częstochowa, Kielce, Jędrzejow, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski da Kraków . A tsawon lokacin da yake aiki, ya bayar da digiri na biyu 95, digiri na uku 5 da kuma digiri na uku 5. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar sabbin sassa sun daina aiki saboda rikicin da ya faru a Warsaw . <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> An kuma ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta ƙasa, wadda ke gudanar da gabatarwa da tattaunawa. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Jami'ar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka fara tawayen Warsaw a watan Agusta na 1944. Daliban Jami'a da yawa sun shiga cikin Tawayen. <ref name="Kowalenko1961" /> Kimanin rabin malaman jami'a sun mutu a fadan da ya biyo baya, inda birnin da kansa ya lalace . Bayan shan kaye a hannun 'Yan Tawayen, Jami'ar ta yi aiki a cikin tsari mai iyaka a lokacin 1944-1945 a wajen Warsaw. Da ƙarshen yaƙin, an mayar da birnin Poznań zuwa Poland, inda aka ci gaba da ayyukansa. Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz ta Poznań ta ɗauki ayyukan Jami'ar Yammacin Duniya a matsayin wani lokaci na tarihinta na lokacin yaƙi. <ref name="uam" /> A cikin ɗan gajeren tarihinta, jami'ar tana da shugabanni biyu: Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski (1940–1943) da Roman Pollak (1943–1945). == Manazarta == qtxoem48x6tyinptvphamjxam80vraj 915530 915529 2026-09-03T14:34:35Z Arcdanumma047 38699 915530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Szpital_Wolski_widok_z_rogu_ulic_Górczewskiej_i_Płockiej.jpg|thumb| Tsohon Asibitin Wolski da ke Warsaw, ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da Sashen Lafiya na Jami'ar Western Lands ke aiki]] '''Jami'ar Yammacin Yamma''' ( Yaren mutanen Polish , UZZ, wanda aka fassara a matsayin ''Jami'ar Yankin Yamma'' ko ''Jami'ar Yankunan Yamma'' ) jami'a ce ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta Poland a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . Malaman sun ƙunshi mafi yawan farfesoshi na Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz ta Poznań waɗanda 'yan Nazi suka kora, kuma sun haɗa da sassa 17 daban-daban, ciki har da sashen likitanci da tiyata. Ya yi aiki da farko a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]] daga 1940 zuwa 1944 kuma yana da rassa a Kielce, Jędrzejow, Częstochowa da Milanówek . == Tarihi da ayyukan == An kafa Jami'ar Ƙasashen Yamma a watan Oktoban 1940 a matsayin wani shiri na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Ƙasar Karkashin Ƙasa ta Poland . Daga cikin waɗanda suka shiga cikin kafa ta akwai {{Interlanguage link|Maksymilian Rode|pl}}, [[Ludwik Jaksa Bykowski]], {{Interlanguage link|Władysław Kowalenko|pl}}, {{Interlanguage link|Roman Pollak|pl}} (shugaban farko na sashen kare hakkin dan adam), da kuma [[Witold Sawicki]] . <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Wasu fitattun malamai sun haɗa da {{Interlanguage link|Józef Rafacz|pl}} (shugaban farko na sashen shari'a), Roman Rybarski, Władysław Kowalski (shugaban sashen tauhidi), {{Interlanguage link|Bronisław Koskowski|pl}} (shugaban sashen harhada magunguna), da {{Interlanguage link|Adam Wrzosek|pl}} (shugaban sashen lafiya). <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Yawancin malaman sun fito ne daga Jami'ar Poznań, waɗanda Nazi suka mayar da su cibiyar Jamusawa kawai bayan an kori malaman Poland. Jami'ar tana aiki a Warsaw, kuma za ta yi aiki tare da sauran jami'o'in Warsaw na ƙarƙashin ƙasa, waɗanda suka fito daga birnin. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> <ref name="Borodziej2006" /> A tsawon lokaci, jami'ar za ta buɗe sassa daban-daban guda 17, ciki har da sassa 6. <ref name="WIEM" /> A shekarun 1942 da 1943, sassan ilimin tauhidi, likitanci, magunguna, da gandun daji/noma, da kuma Cibiyar Teku, sun haɗu da sassan ilimin ɗan adam da shari'a na jami'ar. Sashen harhada magunguna a wannan lokacin yana da ɗalibai 215. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> A tsakiyar shekarar 1944, sashen ilimin ɗan adam ya yi laccoci 32 da ɗalibai 168. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen likitanci, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1942/1943, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu, tare da ɗalibai 610 da malamai 95 a shekarar 1943/1944. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen ilimin tauhidi yana da malamai 5 kacal da ɗalibai 20. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Sashen shari'a ya fi shahara; shekarar 1943/1944 ta sami masu sauraro sama da 600. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Wannan sashen ya ba da digiri na biyu da digiri na uku guda 54. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Gabaɗaya, a shekarar 1943/1944, jami'ar tana da ɗalibai kusan 1,200. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> A shekarar 1943/1944 Jami'ar ta buɗe rassanta na farko a wajen Warsaw, a Częstochowa da Kielce . Zai sami wasu nau'i na kasancewa a cikin mafi yawan Babban Gwamnatin, a Milanówek, Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Radomsko, Częstochowa, Kielce, Jędrzejow, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski da Kraków . A tsawon lokacin da yake aiki, ya bayar da digiri na biyu 95, digiri na uku 5 da kuma digiri na uku 5. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Shirye-shiryen ƙirƙirar sabbin sassa sun daina aiki saboda rikicin da ya faru a Warsaw . <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> An kuma ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar lauyoyi ta ƙasa, wadda ke gudanar da gabatarwa da tattaunawa. <ref name="Ignatowicz-84-86" /> Jami'ar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa lokacin da aka fara tawayen Warsaw a watan Agusta na 1944. Daliban Jami'a da yawa sun shiga cikin Tawayen. <ref name="Kowalenko1961" /> Kimanin rabin malaman jami'a sun mutu a fadan da ya biyo baya, inda birnin da kansa ya lalace . Bayan shan kaye a hannun 'Yan Tawayen, Jami'ar ta yi aiki a cikin tsari mai iyaka a lokacin 1944-1945 a wajen Warsaw. Da ƙarshen yaƙin, an mayar da birnin Poznań zuwa Poland, inda aka ci gaba da ayyukansa. Jami'ar Adam Mickiewicz ta Poznań ta ɗauki ayyukan Jami'ar Yammacin Duniya a matsayin wani lokaci na tarihinta na lokacin yaƙi. <ref name="uam" /> A cikin ɗan gajeren tarihinta, jami'ar tana da shugabanni biyu: Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski (1940–1943) da Roman Pollak (1943–1945). == Manazarta == rw1d9euhh9j7i9gdwe1gw56apamu0v4 0 166229 915541 2026-09-03T14:45:23Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346443233|William Davies (priest)]]" 915541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Davies''' (ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1593) wani mai wa'azin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] ne na Welsh wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yankin Creuddyn na Arewacin Wales . An kashe Davies a Beaumaris Castle da ke Anglesey a zamanin Elizabethan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsananta wa cocin Katolika a Wales wanda ya fara a zamanin Henry VIII kuma ya ƙare ne kawai da 'yancin Katolika a 1829. [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul na Biyu]] ya yi wa Davies yabo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahidai Tamanin da biyar na Ingila da Wales a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blesseds Beatified by John Paul II (1987–1988)<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/saints/jpii-blesseds03.htm}}</ref> Cocin Katolika na Uwargida Sarauniyar Shahidai da ke Beaumaris yana ɗauke da wani babban abin zane na fiberglass a ƙarshen yamma na ginin sa wanda ke nuna shahadar Davies. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anglesey (Beaumaris) - Our Lady Queen of Martyrs |url=https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/beaumaris-our-lady-queen-of-martyrs/}}</ref> An yaba masa da hannu a cikin buga littafin ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'' a ɓoye da kuma rubuta aƙalla wani aikin ibada na waƙoƙin bardic na Welsh a lokacin da yake tsare. == Rayuwa == Daga baya tsohon ɗalibinsa William Robins ya yi zargin cewa an haifi Davies a cikin manyan mutanen Welsh . Wani takarda ta shari'a da aka buga a shekarar 1596 ta sanya wa mahaifinsa suna Syr William Dai, sannan aka sake sanya wa kakan Davies sunan shahararren mai harba kade-kade na Welsh, [[Dafydd Nantglyn]], wanda ya lashe garayar azurfa saboda rawar da ya taka a Eisteddfod na shekarar 1523 a Caerwys . Duk da haka, littafin The Exchequer Rolls ya saɓa wa Robbins ta hanyar kwatanta Syr William Dai a matsayin mutumin kirki ko kuma ɗan Yeoman . Duk da cewa Syr William ba Katolika ba ne, sunayen mahaifiyar Davies, Katherina Jevans, da 'yar'uwarsa, Elena Davies, sun bayyana a cikin littafin Recusant Rolls na cocin Llandrillo-yn-Ros na 1587-1588. An haifi Davies a Arewacin Wales, wataƙila Croes yn Eirias, Denbighshire, amma ba a san ranar haihuwarsa ba, duk da haka wata majiya ta bayar da shekarar 1555. Groes yn Eirias shine tsohon sunan yankin gidaje tsakanin {{Interlanguage link|Llanelian-yn-Rhos|cy}} da Colwyn Bay, Groes Road Colwyn Bay hanya ce zuwa Cocin Llanelian. Eirias Park yana cikin wannan yanki. (Yanzu haka yana cikin Gundumar Conwy .) Ya isa Douai a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1582 daidai lokacin da ya dace don taimakawa a bikin ibada na farko na Nicholas Garlick . Ya sami umarnin yin tonsure da ƙananan umarni a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1583, tare da ɗaliban Turanci da Welsh guda saba'in da uku. An naɗa shi firist a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1585, ''Douay Diaries'' ta bayyana cewa a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1585, ya koma aiki a matsayin mai wa'azin da aka haramta wa mutanen Welsh . [[Fayil:PenrhynHall4102801.JPG|left|thumb| Penrhyn Hall, a ƙarƙashin Little Orme]] Tare da kariyar sirri ta [[Robert Puw]] na Penrhyn Hall (wanda ya rasu a shekarar 1629), wani memba na Recusant na sarakunan Welsh daga Creuddyn Peninsula kuma kakan mawakin Cavalier Gwilym Puw, Davies ya mayar da gidan sarautar zuwa cibiyar [[Ilimi na karkashin kasa|ilimin ƙasa]], [[Ƙananan seminary|makarantar ƙaramar makaranta]] ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma daidai da Eilein Bàn a Loch Morar ko [[Scalan]] a Glenlivet . An yi amfani da cocin [[Zamanin Tsakiya|zamanin da]] aka lalata wanda aka keɓe ga [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Budurwa Maryamu]] ta Penrhys mai Albarka a harabar Penrhyn Hall a ɓoye duk lokacin da zai yiwu a matsayin cocin tauhidi. Bayan Henry Herbert, Earl na 2 na Pembroke ya maye gurbin Sir Henry Sidney a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Maris na Wales, an aiwatar da wani shiri na hana Katolika shiga cocin. An ruwaito cewa Pembroke, "ya kuduri aniyar kawar da Katolika da kuma 'Yancin Kai a Wales, kuma Elizabeth ta tuhume shi a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1586 don aiwatar da dokokin da suka shafi Katolika da tsauri." A martanin da ya mayar, Davies yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane takwas da suka ɓoye a cikin kogo a Y Gogarth Fach, ko Little Orme Head, tsakanin Llandudno da Penrhyn Bay, tsakanin kimanin Agusta 1586 da 14 Afrilu 1587. Yayin da suke ɓoye a cikin kogo, suna cikin babban haɗari na kin bin dokokin takunkumi na zamanin Elizabeth, Puw da Davies sun kuma buga wani littafin Katolika da aka haramta ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'' a asirce, wani ɗan gajeren rubutu game da ƙaunar Allah na firist ɗin Welsh da aka kora daga ƙasar Wales, wanda ake kyautata zaton shine littafi na farko na adabin harshen Welsh da aka taɓa bugawa a Wales. A cewar Jan Morris, duk da haka, "shafin taken ya ce, babu shakka saboda aminci, an buga shi a [[Rouen]] ." An kama bagadin Katolika da na'urar buga littattafai da aka haramta Puw da Davies da aka yi amfani da su daga baya ta hannun alkalin kotun yankin Sir Thomas Mostyn na Gloddaith da sauran mafarauta firistoci na yankin a lokacin wani hari da aka kai wa kogon. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saints of North Wales - Saint Tudno and Blessed William Davies |url=https://greatorme.org.uk/sttudno.html |website=greatorme.org.uk}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Maris 1592, an kama shi a Holyhead tare da ƙananan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare guda huɗu da aka horar a Penrhyn Hall, waɗanda Davies ke [[Fasa ƙwauri ba bisa ƙa'ida ba|safarar su]] ta Ireland don ci gaba da karatunsu a Kwalejin Ingila da ke Valladolid . Wani mai kishin addinin Protestant mai suna Foulk Thomas ne ya jawo kamen, amma Katolika na yankin sun yi ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani, wanda hakan ya ba Robert Puw na Penrhyn, wanda yake tare da shi wannan aikin, damar tserewa da kuma tserewa daga kamawa cikin nasara. An kai shi washegari zuwa Fadar Beaumaris, inda Hugh Bellot, bishop na Anglican na Bangor, ya yi masa tambayoyi. Daga ƙarshe Davies ya yarda cewa shi firist ne, amma ya ƙi amincewa da Rantsuwar Girmamawa ko kuma ya sanya wa duk wanda ya taimaka ko ya karɓi Sacraments daga gare shi suna. A martanin da ya mayar, an raba Davies da ɗalibansa aka kuma tsare shi a cikin "gidan kurkuku mai duhu mai wari". Bayan wata guda, ya sami damar ziyartar ɗalibansa na tsawon awa ɗaya kowace rana, har ma don yin bikin Mass . Mai gadin gidan yarin, wanda ya fahimci cewa su kawai, "fursunoni ne saboda addini" maimakon masu aikata laifuka na aiki, ya zaɓi ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi har da sun tsere idan sun yi fatan haka. Katolika daga dukkan sassa sun zo su yi masa magana, kuma ministocin Furotesta sun zo su yi muhawara da Davies. A lokacin da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa, shi da abokansa suka yi ta rera waƙar ''"Te Deum"'', wadda ɗalibansa huɗu suka yi. Alkali ya jinkirta hukuncin da aka yanke masa "har sai an san jin daɗin Sarauniya." An aika Davies zuwa Ludlow, don Majalisar Masu Zanga-zangar ta duba shi, ya haɗu da ƙarin ministocin Furotesta. Sun kai shi coci bisa hujjar jayayya, sannan suka fara hidimar Furotesta. Ya rera waƙar Ecclesiastical Latin Vespers da babbar murya. Daga Ludlow aka tura shi Bewdley, inda dole ne ya raba gidan yarinsa da masu laifi, sannan daga nan ya koma wasu gidajen yari. An mayar da shi Beaumaris, kuma ya haɗu da matasan abokansa. Ya shafe kimanin watanni shida yana rayuwa tare da su kamar al'ummar addini, yana raba lokacin tsakanin addu'a da karatu. Duk da roƙon Robert Puw, Davies ya ƙi yarda a yi yunƙurin ceto shi daga ɗaurin kurkuku, domin ya san zai buƙaci amfani da tashin hankali. An kuma yi imani da cewa, aƙalla wani masanin tarihi, cewa a wannan lokacin ne Davies ya rubuta wani aiki na waƙoƙin bardic na Welsh wanda har yanzu yake nan mai suna ''"Carol Santaidd i'r Grawys"'' ("A Holy Carol for Lent"). == Shahada == [[Fayil:Castell_Beaumaris_Castle,_Ynys_Mon_(Anglesey),_Wales_45.png|left|thumb| Gidan Beaumaris da ke Anglesey, kamar yadda ya bayyana a shekarar 2023.]] A lokacin bazara, an yanke shawarar cewa firist dole ne ya mutu a matsayin maci amana, kodayake an miƙa masa ransa a banza idan zai je coci sau ɗaya kawai. Saboda yawan adawa da ta hana duk wani mutumin yankin amincewa da yin aikin kisa, dole ne a shigo da mahauta daga [[Chester]] sannan a biya ta 40s. don aikin. A ranar 27 ga Yuli 1593, an rataye Davies, an zana shi, sannan aka yi masa masauki a Fadar Beaumaris . Kafin ya hau tsani, mataimakin sheriff ya tambayi Davies abin da yake tunani game da Sarauniya, sai ya amsa da cewa, "Allah ya ba ta tsawon mulki mai wadata da alheri don ta mutu a matsayin memba na Cocin Katolika." Bayan ya hau tsani, Davies ya ce game da tarihin Anglesey, "Ana kiran wannan tsibiri a da 'tsibiri mai duhu', sunan da bai taɓa cancanta ba fiye da yanzu, amma ina roƙon Allah cewa jinin da zan zubar ya haskaka masa wannan Imani da ya karɓa sama da shekaru dubu da suka gabata." A cewar Diego de Yepez, Davies shi ma ya sumbaci igiyar mai ratayewa ya ce, "Karkiyarka, ya Ubangiji, tana da daɗi kuma nauyinka mai sauƙi ne." Bayan an katse shi aka hana shi yin magana, sai Davies ya ce sau uku cikin Latin na Ecclesiastical, "In manus tuas, Domine, confide animam meam". ("A cikin hannunka, Ya Ubangiji, na amince da ruhuna.") Sai aka juya Davies daga tsani aka rataye shi. Wani labari da aka danganta da na Ingilishi na Elizabeth wanda aka danganta da [[John Bennett (Jesuit)|John Bennett]] ya yi zargin cewa an bar Davies ya mutu a kan gawa kafin a sare shi, a cire masa ƙugu, a sare masa kai, sannan a yi masa kwata. A gefe guda kuma, labarin da Diego de Yepez ya rubuta ya yi zargin cewa an yanke wa Davies gindi kuma an cire masa ƙashinsa yayin da yake raye. Daga baya an nuna kan sa da kuma wasu gidaje biyu a kan fadar Beaumaris. An kuma nuna sauran kwata biyun, ɗaya a Conwy Castle ɗayan kuma ko dai a Carnarvon Castle ko kuma a Caus Castle da ke Shropshire . Duk da cewa an yanke wa ɗaliban jami'a huɗu hukuncin "laifi" saboda an kama su tare da wani firist kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, sun sami nasarar tserewa daga baya. Ɗan ƙaramin yaro daga cikin "ya" huɗu na Davies, William Robins, ya sami hanyarsa ta zuwa Kwalejin Ingila, Valladolid, inda ya ba da labarin gaba ɗaya ga Bishop [[Diego de Yepez]], wanda ya rubuta game da Fr Davies a cikin littafinsa ''na Historia particular de la Persecucion en Inglaterra'' . An kuma bayar da rahoton kisan Davies a cikin wata wasika da Richard Verstegan ya rubuta wa Robert Persons . Akwatin gawar Davies mai jini, kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su wajen kashe shi, da teburin da shahidin ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin bagadi duk lokacin da ake miƙa ibada a gidan yari, duk mai kisan ya sayar da su "kan farashi mai kyau" ga "ya" huɗu na Davies sannan daga baya aka adana su a matsayin kayan tarihi . John Edwards na Plas Newydd ya tsoma mayafinsa a cikin jinin Davies kuma haka nan ya ɗauke shi a matsayin wani abin tarihi. Robert Puw ya sami nasarar samun hannun abokinsa da ya mutu da aka yanke, wanda dangin Puw suka yi amfani da shi tsawon tsararraki da dama, shi ma a matsayin wani abin tarihi. == Girmamawa == [[Fayil:Y_Drych_Cristianogawl.jpg|left|thumb| Y Drych Cristianogawl]] [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul na biyu]] ya yi wa William Davies yabo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahidai tamanin da biyar na Ingila da Wales a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1987. Ana bikin ranar bikin Davies kowace shekara a ranar 27 ga Yuli. A lokacin ziyarar Paparoma a shekarar 2010 a Burtaniya, an bai wa [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict XVI]] wani rubutu na musamman da kuma kwafin ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'', wanda Joseph Anthony Kelly, Editan Jaridar ''The Universe'' Catholic Weekly ya ba da umarni a matsayin kyauta ga Holy See daga mutanen Welsh . Shahararren mai kula da littattafai Julian Thomas ne ya shirya wannan facsim ɗin a ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Wales da ke Aberystwyth, ta amfani da ɗaya daga cikin kwafi biyu kacal da suka rage na ainihin littafin. Manazarta == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l5rmkrs4pmwqdwadq1x67p4r8f1qkkn 915542 915541 2026-09-03T14:45:58Z Arcdanumma047 38699 915542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Davies''' (ya mutu a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1593) wani mai wa'azin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] ne na Welsh wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin makaranta na ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yankin Creuddyn na Arewacin Wales . An kashe Davies a Beaumaris Castle da ke Anglesey a zamanin Elizabethan, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsananta wa cocin Katolika a Wales wanda ya fara a zamanin Henry VIII kuma ya ƙare ne kawai da 'yancin Katolika a 1829. [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul na Biyu]] ya yi wa Davies yabo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahidai Tamanin da biyar na Ingila da Wales a shekarar 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blesseds Beatified by John Paul II (1987–1988)<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/saints/jpii-blesseds03.htm}}</ref> Cocin Katolika na Uwargida Sarauniyar Shahidai da ke Beaumaris yana ɗauke da wani babban abin zane na fiberglass a ƙarshen yamma na ginin sa wanda ke nuna shahadar Davies. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anglesey (Beaumaris) - Our Lady Queen of Martyrs |url=https://taking-stock.org.uk/building/beaumaris-our-lady-queen-of-martyrs/}}</ref> An yaba masa da hannu a cikin buga littafin ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'' a ɓoye da kuma rubuta aƙalla wani aikin ibada na waƙoƙin bardic na Welsh a lokacin da yake tsare. == Rayuwa == Daga baya tsohon ɗalibinsa William Robins ya yi zargin cewa an haifi Davies a cikin manyan mutanen Welsh . Wani takarda ta shari'a da aka buga a shekarar 1596 ta sanya wa mahaifinsa suna Syr William Dai, sannan aka sake sanya wa kakan Davies sunan shahararren mai harba kade-kade na Welsh, [[Dafydd Nantglyn]], wanda ya lashe garayar azurfa saboda rawar da ya taka a Eisteddfod na shekarar 1523 a Caerwys . Duk da haka, littafin The Exchequer Rolls ya saɓa wa Robbins ta hanyar kwatanta Syr William Dai a matsayin mutumin kirki ko kuma ɗan Yeoman . Duk da cewa Syr William ba Katolika ba ne, sunayen mahaifiyar Davies, Katherina Jevans, da 'yar'uwarsa, Elena Davies, sun bayyana a cikin littafin Recusant Rolls na cocin Llandrillo-yn-Ros na 1587-1588. An haifi Davies a Arewacin Wales, wataƙila Croes yn Eirias, Denbighshire, amma ba a san ranar haihuwarsa ba, duk da haka wata majiya ta bayar da shekarar 1555. Groes yn Eirias shine tsohon sunan yankin gidaje tsakanin {{Interlanguage link|Llanelian-yn-Rhos|cy}} da Colwyn Bay, Groes Road Colwyn Bay hanya ce zuwa Cocin Llanelian. Eirias Park yana cikin wannan yanki. (Yanzu haka yana cikin Gundumar Conwy .) Ya isa Douai a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1582 daidai lokacin da ya dace don taimakawa a bikin ibada na farko na Nicholas Garlick . Ya sami umarnin yin tonsure da ƙananan umarni a ranar 23 ga Satumba 1583, tare da ɗaliban Turanci da Welsh guda saba'in da uku. An naɗa shi firist a ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 1585, ''Douay Diaries'' ta bayyana cewa a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1585, ya koma aiki a matsayin mai wa'azin da aka haramta wa mutanen Welsh . [[Fayil:PenrhynHall4102801.JPG|left|thumb| Penrhyn Hall, a ƙarƙashin Little Orme]] Tare da kariyar sirri ta [[Robert Puw]] na Penrhyn Hall (wanda ya rasu a shekarar 1629), wani memba na Recusant na sarakunan Welsh daga Creuddyn Peninsula kuma kakan mawakin Cavalier Gwilym Puw, Davies ya mayar da gidan sarautar zuwa cibiyar [[Ilimi na karkashin kasa|ilimin ƙasa]], [[Ƙananan seminary|makarantar ƙaramar makaranta]] ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, da kuma daidai da Eilein Bàn a Loch Morar ko [[Scalan]] a Glenlivet . An yi amfani da cocin [[Zamanin Tsakiya|zamanin da]] aka lalata wanda aka keɓe ga [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Budurwa Maryamu]] ta Penrhys mai Albarka a harabar Penrhyn Hall a ɓoye duk lokacin da zai yiwu a matsayin cocin tauhidi. Bayan Henry Herbert, Earl na 2 na Pembroke ya maye gurbin Sir Henry Sidney a matsayin Shugaban Majalisar Maris na Wales, an aiwatar da wani shiri na hana Katolika shiga cocin. An ruwaito cewa Pembroke, "ya kuduri aniyar kawar da Katolika da kuma 'Yancin Kai a Wales, kuma Elizabeth ta tuhume shi a ranar 15 ga Satumba, 1586 don aiwatar da dokokin da suka shafi Katolika da tsauri." A martanin da ya mayar, Davies yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane takwas da suka ɓoye a cikin kogo a Y Gogarth Fach, ko Little Orme Head, tsakanin Llandudno da Penrhyn Bay, tsakanin kimanin Agusta 1586 da 14 Afrilu 1587. Yayin da suke ɓoye a cikin kogo, suna cikin babban haɗari na kin bin dokokin takunkumi na zamanin Elizabeth, Puw da Davies sun kuma buga wani littafin Katolika da aka haramta ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'' a asirce, wani ɗan gajeren rubutu game da ƙaunar Allah na firist ɗin Welsh da aka kora daga ƙasar Wales, wanda ake kyautata zaton shine littafi na farko na adabin harshen Welsh da aka taɓa bugawa a Wales. A cewar Jan Morris, duk da haka, "shafin taken ya ce, babu shakka saboda aminci, an buga shi a [[Rouen]] ." An kama bagadin Katolika da na'urar buga littattafai da aka haramta Puw da Davies da aka yi amfani da su daga baya ta hannun alkalin kotun yankin Sir Thomas Mostyn na Gloddaith da sauran mafarauta firistoci na yankin a lokacin wani hari da aka kai wa kogon. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Saints of North Wales - Saint Tudno and Blessed William Davies |url=https://greatorme.org.uk/sttudno.html |website=greatorme.org.uk}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Maris 1592, an kama shi a Holyhead tare da ƙananan ɗaliban makarantar sakandare guda huɗu da aka horar a Penrhyn Hall, waɗanda Davies ke [[Fasa ƙwauri ba bisa ƙa'ida ba|safarar su]] ta Ireland don ci gaba da karatunsu a Kwalejin Ingila da ke Valladolid . Wani mai kishin addinin Protestant mai suna Foulk Thomas ne ya jawo kamen, amma Katolika na yankin sun yi ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani, wanda hakan ya ba Robert Puw na Penrhyn, wanda yake tare da shi wannan aikin, damar tserewa da kuma tserewa daga kamawa cikin nasara. An kai shi washegari zuwa Fadar Beaumaris, inda Hugh Bellot, bishop na Anglican na Bangor, ya yi masa tambayoyi. Daga ƙarshe Davies ya yarda cewa shi firist ne, amma ya ƙi amincewa da Rantsuwar Girmamawa ko kuma ya sanya wa duk wanda ya taimaka ko ya karɓi Sacraments daga gare shi suna. A martanin da ya mayar, an raba Davies da ɗalibansa aka kuma tsare shi a cikin "gidan kurkuku mai duhu mai wari". Bayan wata guda, ya sami damar ziyartar ɗalibansa na tsawon awa ɗaya kowace rana, har ma don yin bikin Mass . Mai gadin gidan yarin, wanda ya fahimci cewa su kawai, "fursunoni ne saboda addini" maimakon masu aikata laifuka na aiki, ya zaɓi ya kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi har da sun tsere idan sun yi fatan haka. Katolika daga dukkan sassa sun zo su yi masa magana, kuma ministocin Furotesta sun zo su yi muhawara da Davies. A lokacin da aka yanke masa hukuncin kisa, shi da abokansa suka yi ta rera waƙar ''"Te Deum"'', wadda ɗalibansa huɗu suka yi. Alkali ya jinkirta hukuncin da aka yanke masa "har sai an san jin daɗin Sarauniya." An aika Davies zuwa Ludlow, don Majalisar Masu Zanga-zangar ta duba shi, ya haɗu da ƙarin ministocin Furotesta. Sun kai shi coci bisa hujjar jayayya, sannan suka fara hidimar Furotesta. Ya rera waƙar Ecclesiastical Latin Vespers da babbar murya. Daga Ludlow aka tura shi Bewdley, inda dole ne ya raba gidan yarinsa da masu laifi, sannan daga nan ya koma wasu gidajen yari. An mayar da shi Beaumaris, kuma ya haɗu da matasan abokansa. Ya shafe kimanin watanni shida yana rayuwa tare da su kamar al'ummar addini, yana raba lokacin tsakanin addu'a da karatu. Duk da roƙon Robert Puw, Davies ya ƙi yarda a yi yunƙurin ceto shi daga ɗaurin kurkuku, domin ya san zai buƙaci amfani da tashin hankali. An kuma yi imani da cewa, aƙalla wani masanin tarihi, cewa a wannan lokacin ne Davies ya rubuta wani aiki na waƙoƙin bardic na Welsh wanda har yanzu yake nan mai suna ''"Carol Santaidd i'r Grawys"'' ("A Holy Carol for Lent"). == Shahada == [[Fayil:Castell_Beaumaris_Castle,_Ynys_Mon_(Anglesey),_Wales_45.png|left|thumb| Gidan Beaumaris da ke Anglesey, kamar yadda ya bayyana a shekarar 2023.]] A lokacin bazara, an yanke shawarar cewa firist dole ne ya mutu a matsayin maci amana, kodayake an miƙa masa ransa a banza idan zai je coci sau ɗaya kawai. Saboda yawan adawa da ta hana duk wani mutumin yankin amincewa da yin aikin kisa, dole ne a shigo da mahauta daga [[Chester]] sannan a biya ta 40s. don aikin. A ranar 27 ga Yuli 1593, an rataye Davies, an zana shi, sannan aka yi masa masauki a Fadar Beaumaris . Kafin ya hau tsani, mataimakin sheriff ya tambayi Davies abin da yake tunani game da Sarauniya, sai ya amsa da cewa, "Allah ya ba ta tsawon mulki mai wadata da alheri don ta mutu a matsayin memba na Cocin Katolika." Bayan ya hau tsani, Davies ya ce game da tarihin Anglesey, "Ana kiran wannan tsibiri a da 'tsibiri mai duhu', sunan da bai taɓa cancanta ba fiye da yanzu, amma ina roƙon Allah cewa jinin da zan zubar ya haskaka masa wannan Imani da ya karɓa sama da shekaru dubu da suka gabata." A cewar Diego de Yepez, Davies shi ma ya sumbaci igiyar mai ratayewa ya ce, "Karkiyarka, ya Ubangiji, tana da daɗi kuma nauyinka mai sauƙi ne." Bayan an katse shi aka hana shi yin magana, sai Davies ya ce sau uku cikin Latin na Ecclesiastical, "In manus tuas, Domine, confide animam meam". ("A cikin hannunka, Ya Ubangiji, na amince da ruhuna.") Sai aka juya Davies daga tsani aka rataye shi. Wani labari da aka danganta da na Ingilishi na Elizabeth wanda aka danganta da [[John Bennett (Jesuit)|John Bennett]] ya yi zargin cewa an bar Davies ya mutu a kan gawa kafin a sare shi, a cire masa ƙugu, a sare masa kai, sannan a yi masa kwata. A gefe guda kuma, labarin da Diego de Yepez ya rubuta ya yi zargin cewa an yanke wa Davies gindi kuma an cire masa ƙashinsa yayin da yake raye. Daga baya an nuna kan sa da kuma wasu gidaje biyu a kan fadar Beaumaris. An kuma nuna sauran kwata biyun, ɗaya a Conwy Castle ɗayan kuma ko dai a Carnarvon Castle ko kuma a Caus Castle da ke Shropshire . Duk da cewa an yanke wa ɗaliban jami'a huɗu hukuncin "laifi" saboda an kama su tare da wani firist kuma aka yanke musu hukuncin ɗaurin rai da rai, sun sami nasarar tserewa daga baya. Ɗan ƙaramin yaro daga cikin "ya" huɗu na Davies, William Robins, ya sami hanyarsa ta zuwa Kwalejin Ingila, Valladolid, inda ya ba da labarin gaba ɗaya ga Bishop [[Diego de Yepez]], wanda ya rubuta game da Fr Davies a cikin littafinsa ''na Historia particular de la Persecucion en Inglaterra'' . An kuma bayar da rahoton kisan Davies a cikin wata wasika da Richard Verstegan ya rubuta wa Robert Persons . Akwatin gawar Davies mai jini, kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su wajen kashe shi, da teburin da shahidin ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin bagadi duk lokacin da ake miƙa ibada a gidan yari, duk mai kisan ya sayar da su "kan farashi mai kyau" ga "ya" huɗu na Davies sannan daga baya aka adana su a matsayin kayan tarihi . John Edwards na Plas Newydd ya tsoma mayafinsa a cikin jinin Davies kuma haka nan ya ɗauke shi a matsayin wani abin tarihi. Robert Puw ya sami nasarar samun hannun abokinsa da ya mutu da aka yanke, wanda dangin Puw suka yi amfani da shi tsawon tsararraki da dama, shi ma a matsayin wani abin tarihi. == Girmamawa == [[Fayil:Y_Drych_Cristianogawl.jpg|left|thumb| Y Drych Cristianogawl]] [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul na biyu]] ya yi wa William Davies yabo a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin shahidai tamanin da biyar na Ingila da Wales a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 1987. Ana bikin ranar bikin Davies kowace shekara a ranar 27 ga Yuli. A lokacin ziyarar Paparoma a shekarar 2010 a Burtaniya, an bai wa [[Benedict na Sha Shida|Paparoma Benedict XVI]] wani rubutu na musamman da kuma kwafin ''Y Drych Cristianogawl'', wanda Joseph Anthony Kelly, Editan Jaridar ''The Universe'' Catholic Weekly ya ba da umarni a matsayin kyauta ga Holy See daga mutanen Welsh . Shahararren mai kula da littattafai Julian Thomas ne ya shirya wannan facsim ɗin a ɗakin karatu na ƙasa na Wales da ke Aberystwyth, ta amfani da ɗaya daga cikin kwafi biyu kacal da suka rage na ainihin littafin. Manazarta == Nassoshi == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h1wuyrnzdpvuamvrq6escyfh85out6q 0 166230 915555 2026-09-03T15:14:22Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363102916|Saxe-Hildburghausen]]" 915555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saxe-Hildburghausen''' ([[Jamus]]: Sachsen-Hildbourghausen) wani yanki ne na Ernestine da kuma Masarautar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a kudancin Jihar Thuringia ta yanzu a Jamus . Ya wanzu daga 1680 zuwa 1826 amma Gundumar Hildburghausen a halin yanzu tana amfani da sunansa da iyakokinsa. == Tarihi == Bayan Duke na [[Gotha]]" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saxe-Gotha">Saxe-Gotha, Ernest the Pious, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Maris 1675 a Gotha, an raba duchy a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1680 tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza bakwai da suka tsira. Ƙasar Saxe-Hildburghausen ta tafi ga ɗa na shida, wanda ya zama Ernest II, sarki na farko na Saxe-hildburghausan. Amma sabon duchy ba shi da cikakken 'yancin kai. Dole ne ya dogara da manyan hukumomi a Gotha don al'amuran gudanarwa na gundumominta - abin da ake kira "{{Lang|la|Nexus Gothanus}}" - saboda Gotha ita ce gidan ɗan'uwan Ernest II, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin Frederick I, Duke na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Saxe-Hildburghausen bai zama cikakke ba har zuwa 1702. A farkon, duchy yana da gundumar da birnin Hildburghausen, gundumar da garin Heldburg, gundumar kuma garin Eisfeld, gundumar Veilsdorf da rabin gundumar Schalkau. An kara wasu gundumomi biyu - Königsberg a cikin 1683 da Sonnefeld a cikin 1705. Lokacin da Albert V, Duke na Saxe-Coburg, ya mutu a shekara ta 1699 ba tare da wani zuriya mai rai ba, rikice-rikice ya tashi game da gado amma, a ƙarshe, a cikin shekara ta 1714, Saxe-Hildburghausen ya amince da musayar gundumar Schalkau don wasu sassan sauran duchies na Saxon - wani ɓangare na tsohon Duchy na Saxe, Gundumar Behrungen, gami da gidan giya, da gidan sufi na Milz da kuma tsoffin kadarorin Echter na Mespelbrunn. A shekara ta 1684 birnin Hildburghausen ya zama gidan duke don haka an haɓaka shi don nuna sabon matsayinsa. Koyaya, gine-gine da farfajiyar sarakuna sun damu da kudaden duchy sosai har, a cikin 1769, dole ne a ba da umarnin tilasta gudanar da basussuka ta hanyar kwamishinan Imperial Debit. An sanya shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Regent, Charlotte Amalie na Saxe-Meiningen . Tare da rushewar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a cikin 1806, Saxe-Hildburghausen ta sami cikakken ikon mallakarta a matsayin Duchy na Saxe-Fildburghausan . Bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1806, shi, tare da sauran duchies na Ernestine, sun shiga Confederation of the Rhine. A cikin 1815, ta shiga Tarayyar Jamus. A cikin 1818, yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Jamus na farko da suka karɓi [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|kundin tsarin mulki]]. [[Fayil:Hildburghausen-002.jpg|thumb|400x400px|A Gidan Gida na Hildburghausen, an gabatar da makamai guda biyu - don Duchy na Saxe-Hilburghausen a hagu da City of Hildburgheusen a dama. Garkuwar birnin tana da sashi tare da zaki mai laushi na Thuringia da baƙar zaki na Margraviate na Meissen. Babban jere na garkuwar Duchy shine Thuringia, Duchy na Saxe-Lauenburg (gwargwadon zinariya a filin shuɗi), Meissen . Layin na biyu yana da Counties na Weimar-Orlamünde (baƙar zaki tare da zukata) da Pleißen (farin zaki tare le zinariya), a gefen garkuwar zuciya ta Saxony. Layin na uku yana wakiltar Electorate na Saxe-Wittenberg (ja zukata uku), Margraviate na Landsberg (zinariya da shuɗi) da Palatinate County na Saxony (gwargwadon zinariya a filin baƙar fata). Jerin na huɗu yana da garkuwar Regalia ("fadar jini" na sarauta), Burgraviate na Altenburg (ja rose) da {{Lang|de|[[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrschaft]]}} na Eisenberg (azurfa da shuɗi). An raba jere na ƙarshe tsakanin {{Lang|de|Herrschaft}} na Wildberg (farin hasumiya a kan jan filin) da {{Lang|de|[[Graf]]schaft}} na Henneberg (baƙar kaza).]] Rushewar tsohuwar layin, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg a cikin 1825 ya sake haifar da rikice-rikicen gado tsakanin sauran layin iyalin Ernestine. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1826 yanke shawara, daga sasantawa na babban shugaban iyali, Sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony, ya haifar da sake tsarawa mai yawa na duchies na Ernestine. Saxe-Hildburghausen ya rasa Gundumomin Königsberg da Sonnefeld ga sabon Duchy na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha da sauran yankunanta ga Duchy na Saxony-Meiningen. Amma sarki na karshe na Saxe-Hildburghausen, [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg|Saxe-Altenburg]]" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Frederick, ya zama sabon sarki na Saxe - Altenburg. A cikin 1868, an kafa gundumomi huɗu a cikin Duchy na Saxe-Meiningen . Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Hildburghausen, tare da iyakoki masu kama da na tsohon duchy. Ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka rushe Gundumar Suhl kuma yawancin yankunanta sun shiga Gundumar Hildburghausen. == Manazarta == a48cekdu3g2t9rbmkh7ep5j11o61m0k 915556 915555 2026-09-03T15:14:40Z Usman saadu 46863 915556 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saxe-Hildburghausen''' ([[Jamus]]: Sachsen-Hildbourghausen) wani yanki ne na Ernestine da kuma Masarautar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a kudancin Jihar Thuringia ta yanzu a Jamus . Ya wanzu daga 1680 zuwa 1826 amma Gundumar Hildburghausen a halin yanzu tana amfani da sunansa da iyakokinsa. == Tarihi == Bayan Duke na [[Gotha]]" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saxe-Gotha">Saxe-Gotha, Ernest the Pious, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Maris 1675 a Gotha, an raba duchy a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1680 tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza bakwai da suka tsira. Ƙasar Saxe-Hildburghausen ta tafi ga ɗa na shida, wanda ya zama Ernest II, sarki na farko na Saxe-hildburghausan. Amma sabon duchy ba shi da cikakken 'yancin kai. Dole ne ya dogara da manyan hukumomi a Gotha don al'amuran gudanarwa na gundumominta - abin da ake kira "{{Lang|la|Nexus Gothanus}}" - saboda Gotha ita ce gidan ɗan'uwan Ernest II, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin Frederick I, Duke na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Saxe-Hildburghausen bai zama cikakke ba har zuwa 1702. A farkon, duchy yana da gundumar da birnin Hildburghausen, gundumar da garin Heldburg, gundumar kuma garin Eisfeld, gundumar Veilsdorf da rabin gundumar Schalkau. An kara wasu gundumomi biyu - Königsberg a cikin 1683 da Sonnefeld a cikin 1705. Lokacin da Albert V, Duke na Saxe-Coburg, ya mutu a shekara ta 1699 ba tare da wani zuriya mai rai ba, rikice-rikice ya tashi game da gado amma, a ƙarshe, a cikin shekara ta 1714, Saxe-Hildburghausen ya amince da musayar gundumar Schalkau don wasu sassan sauran duchies na Saxon - wani ɓangare na tsohon Duchy na Saxe, Gundumar Behrungen, gami da gidan giya, da gidan sufi na Milz da kuma tsoffin kadarorin Echter na Mespelbrunn. A shekara ta 1684 birnin Hildburghausen ya zama gidan duke don haka an haɓaka shi don nuna sabon matsayinsa. Koyaya, gine-gine da farfajiyar sarakuna sun damu da kudaden duchy sosai har, a cikin 1769, dole ne a ba da umarnin tilasta gudanar da basussuka ta hanyar kwamishinan Imperial Debit. An sanya shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Regent, Charlotte Amalie na Saxe-Meiningen . Tare da rushewar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a cikin 1806, Saxe-Hildburghausen ta sami cikakken ikon mallakarta a matsayin Duchy na Saxe-Fildburghausan . Bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1806, shi, tare da sauran duchies na Ernestine, sun shiga Confederation of the Rhine. A cikin 1815, ta shiga Tarayyar Jamus. A cikin 1818, yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Jamus na farko da suka karɓi [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|kundin tsarin mulki]]. [[Fayil:Hildburghausen-002.jpg|thumb|400x400px|A Gidan Gida na Hildburghausen, an gabatar da makamai guda biyu - don Duchy na Saxe-Hilburghausen a hagu da City of Hildburgheusen a dama. Garkuwar birnin tana da sashi tare da zaki mai laushi na Thuringia da baƙar zaki na Margraviate na Meissen. Babban jere na garkuwar Duchy shine Thuringia, Duchy na Saxe-Lauenburg (gwargwadon zinariya a filin shuɗi), Meissen . Layin na biyu yana da Counties na Weimar-Orlamünde (baƙar zaki tare da zukata) da Pleißen (farin zaki tare le zinariya), a gefen garkuwar zuciya ta Saxony. Layin na uku yana wakiltar Electorate na Saxe-Wittenberg (ja zukata uku), Margraviate na Landsberg (zinariya da shuɗi) da Palatinate County na Saxony (gwargwadon zinariya a filin baƙar fata). Jerin na huɗu yana da garkuwar Regalia ("fadar jini" na sarauta), Burgraviate na Altenburg (ja rose) da {{Lang|de|[[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrschaft]]}} na Eisenberg (azurfa da shuɗi). An raba jere na ƙarshe tsakanin {{Lang|de|Herrschaft}} na Wildberg (farin hasumiya a kan jan filin) da {{Lang|de|[[Graf]]schaft}} na Henneberg (baƙar kaza).]] Rushewar tsohuwar layin, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg a cikin 1825 ya sake haifar da rikice-rikicen gado tsakanin sauran layin iyalin Ernestine. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1826 yanke shawara, daga sasantawa na babban shugaban iyali, Sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony, ya haifar da sake tsarawa mai yawa na duchies na Ernestine. Saxe-Hildburghausen ya rasa Gundumomin Königsberg da Sonnefeld ga sabon Duchy na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha da sauran yankunanta ga Duchy na Saxony-Meiningen. Amma sarki na karshe na Saxe-Hildburghausen, [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg|Saxe-Altenburg]]" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Frederick, ya zama sabon sarki na Saxe - Altenburg. A cikin 1868, an kafa gundumomi huɗu a cikin Duchy na Saxe-Meiningen . Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Hildburghausen, tare da iyakoki masu kama da na tsohon duchy. Ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka rushe Gundumar Suhl kuma yawancin yankunanta sun shiga Gundumar Hildburghausen. == Manazarta == b076zfuepzqmeu3svejmw1yxp1r76n9 915558 915556 2026-09-03T15:15:07Z Usman saadu 46863 915558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saxe-Hildburghausen''' ([[Jamus]]: Sachsen-Hildbourghausen) wani yanki ne na Ernestine da kuma Masarautar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a kudancin Jihar Thuringia ta yanzu a Jamus . Ya wanzu daga shekarar 1680 zuwa 1826 amma Gundumar Hildburghausen a halin yanzu tana amfani da sunansa da iyakokinsa. == Tarihi == Bayan Duke na [[Gotha]]" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saxe-Gotha">Saxe-Gotha, Ernest the Pious, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga Maris 1675 a Gotha, an raba duchy a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1680 tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza bakwai da suka tsira. Ƙasar Saxe-Hildburghausen ta tafi ga ɗa na shida, wanda ya zama Ernest II, sarki na farko na Saxe-hildburghausan. Amma sabon duchy ba shi da cikakken 'yancin kai. Dole ne ya dogara da manyan hukumomi a Gotha don al'amuran gudanarwa na gundumominta - abin da ake kira "{{Lang|la|Nexus Gothanus}}" - saboda Gotha ita ce gidan ɗan'uwan Ernest II, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin Frederick I, Duke na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Saxe-Hildburghausen bai zama cikakke ba har zuwa 1702. A farkon, duchy yana da gundumar da birnin Hildburghausen, gundumar da garin Heldburg, gundumar kuma garin Eisfeld, gundumar Veilsdorf da rabin gundumar Schalkau. An kara wasu gundumomi biyu - Königsberg a cikin 1683 da Sonnefeld a cikin 1705. Lokacin da Albert V, Duke na Saxe-Coburg, ya mutu a shekara ta 1699 ba tare da wani zuriya mai rai ba, rikice-rikice ya tashi game da gado amma, a ƙarshe, a cikin shekara ta 1714, Saxe-Hildburghausen ya amince da musayar gundumar Schalkau don wasu sassan sauran duchies na Saxon - wani ɓangare na tsohon Duchy na Saxe, Gundumar Behrungen, gami da gidan giya, da gidan sufi na Milz da kuma tsoffin kadarorin Echter na Mespelbrunn. A shekara ta 1684 birnin Hildburghausen ya zama gidan duke don haka an haɓaka shi don nuna sabon matsayinsa. Koyaya, gine-gine da farfajiyar sarakuna sun damu da kudaden duchy sosai har, a cikin 1769, dole ne a ba da umarnin tilasta gudanar da basussuka ta hanyar kwamishinan Imperial Debit. An sanya shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Regent, Charlotte Amalie na Saxe-Meiningen . Tare da rushewar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a cikin 1806, Saxe-Hildburghausen ta sami cikakken ikon mallakarta a matsayin Duchy na Saxe-Fildburghausan . Bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1806, shi, tare da sauran duchies na Ernestine, sun shiga Confederation of the Rhine. A cikin 1815, ta shiga Tarayyar Jamus. A cikin 1818, yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Jamus na farko da suka karɓi [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|kundin tsarin mulki]]. [[Fayil:Hildburghausen-002.jpg|thumb|400x400px|A Gidan Gida na Hildburghausen, an gabatar da makamai guda biyu - don Duchy na Saxe-Hilburghausen a hagu da City of Hildburgheusen a dama. Garkuwar birnin tana da sashi tare da zaki mai laushi na Thuringia da baƙar zaki na Margraviate na Meissen. Babban jere na garkuwar Duchy shine Thuringia, Duchy na Saxe-Lauenburg (gwargwadon zinariya a filin shuɗi), Meissen . Layin na biyu yana da Counties na Weimar-Orlamünde (baƙar zaki tare da zukata) da Pleißen (farin zaki tare le zinariya), a gefen garkuwar zuciya ta Saxony. Layin na uku yana wakiltar Electorate na Saxe-Wittenberg (ja zukata uku), Margraviate na Landsberg (zinariya da shuɗi) da Palatinate County na Saxony (gwargwadon zinariya a filin baƙar fata). Jerin na huɗu yana da garkuwar Regalia ("fadar jini" na sarauta), Burgraviate na Altenburg (ja rose) da {{Lang|de|[[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrschaft]]}} na Eisenberg (azurfa da shuɗi). An raba jere na ƙarshe tsakanin {{Lang|de|Herrschaft}} na Wildberg (farin hasumiya a kan jan filin) da {{Lang|de|[[Graf]]schaft}} na Henneberg (baƙar kaza).]] Rushewar tsohuwar layin, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg a cikin 1825 ya sake haifar da rikice-rikicen gado tsakanin sauran layin iyalin Ernestine. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1826 yanke shawara, daga sasantawa na babban shugaban iyali, Sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony, ya haifar da sake tsarawa mai yawa na duchies na Ernestine. Saxe-Hildburghausen ya rasa Gundumomin Königsberg da Sonnefeld ga sabon Duchy na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha da sauran yankunanta ga Duchy na Saxony-Meiningen. Amma sarki na karshe na Saxe-Hildburghausen, [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg|Saxe-Altenburg]]" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Frederick, ya zama sabon sarki na Saxe - Altenburg. A cikin 1868, an kafa gundumomi huɗu a cikin Duchy na Saxe-Meiningen . Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Hildburghausen, tare da iyakoki masu kama da na tsohon duchy. Ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka rushe Gundumar Suhl kuma yawancin yankunanta sun shiga Gundumar Hildburghausen. == Manazarta == 22kyv5jgaggoa5b3sz4u0bm3cffy337 915559 915558 2026-09-03T15:15:45Z Usman saadu 46863 915559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saxe-Hildburghausen''' ([[Jamus]]: Sachsen-Hildbourghausen) wani yanki ne na Ernestine da kuma Masarautar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a kudancin Jihar Thuringia ta yanzu a Jamus . Ya wanzu daga shekarar 1680 zuwa 1826 amma Gundumar Hildburghausen a halin yanzu tana amfani da sunansa da iyakokinsa. == Tarihi == Bayan Duke na [[Gotha]]" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saxe-Gotha">Saxe-Gotha, Ernest the Pious, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Maris A shekara ta 1675 a Gotha, an raba duchy a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 1680 tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza bakwai da suka tsira. Ƙasar Saxe-Hildburghausen ta tafi ga ɗa na shida, wanda ya zama Ernest II, sarki na farko na Saxe-hildburghausan. Amma sabon duchy ba shi da cikakken 'yancin kai. Dole ne ya dogara da manyan hukumomi a Gotha don al'amuran gudanarwa na gundumominta - abin da ake kira "{{Lang|la|Nexus Gothanus}}" - saboda Gotha ita ce gidan ɗan'uwan Ernest II, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin Frederick I, Duke na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Saxe-Hildburghausen bai zama cikakke ba har zuwa 1702. A farkon, duchy yana da gundumar da birnin Hildburghausen, gundumar da garin Heldburg, gundumar kuma garin Eisfeld, gundumar Veilsdorf da rabin gundumar Schalkau. An kara wasu gundumomi biyu - Königsberg a cikin 1683 da Sonnefeld a cikin 1705. Lokacin da Albert V, Duke na Saxe-Coburg, ya mutu a shekara ta 1699 ba tare da wani zuriya mai rai ba, rikice-rikice ya tashi game da gado amma, a ƙarshe, a cikin shekara ta 1714, Saxe-Hildburghausen ya amince da musayar gundumar Schalkau don wasu sassan sauran duchies na Saxon - wani ɓangare na tsohon Duchy na Saxe, Gundumar Behrungen, gami da gidan giya, da gidan sufi na Milz da kuma tsoffin kadarorin Echter na Mespelbrunn. A shekara ta 1684 birnin Hildburghausen ya zama gidan duke don haka an haɓaka shi don nuna sabon matsayinsa. Koyaya, gine-gine da farfajiyar sarakuna sun damu da kudaden duchy sosai har, a cikin 1769, dole ne a ba da umarnin tilasta gudanar da basussuka ta hanyar kwamishinan Imperial Debit. An sanya shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Regent, Charlotte Amalie na Saxe-Meiningen . Tare da rushewar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a cikin 1806, Saxe-Hildburghausen ta sami cikakken ikon mallakarta a matsayin Duchy na Saxe-Fildburghausan . Bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1806, shi, tare da sauran duchies na Ernestine, sun shiga Confederation of the Rhine. A cikin 1815, ta shiga Tarayyar Jamus. A cikin 1818, yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Jamus na farko da suka karɓi [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|kundin tsarin mulki]]. [[Fayil:Hildburghausen-002.jpg|thumb|400x400px|A Gidan Gida na Hildburghausen, an gabatar da makamai guda biyu - don Duchy na Saxe-Hilburghausen a hagu da City of Hildburgheusen a dama. Garkuwar birnin tana da sashi tare da zaki mai laushi na Thuringia da baƙar zaki na Margraviate na Meissen. Babban jere na garkuwar Duchy shine Thuringia, Duchy na Saxe-Lauenburg (gwargwadon zinariya a filin shuɗi), Meissen . Layin na biyu yana da Counties na Weimar-Orlamünde (baƙar zaki tare da zukata) da Pleißen (farin zaki tare le zinariya), a gefen garkuwar zuciya ta Saxony. Layin na uku yana wakiltar Electorate na Saxe-Wittenberg (ja zukata uku), Margraviate na Landsberg (zinariya da shuɗi) da Palatinate County na Saxony (gwargwadon zinariya a filin baƙar fata). Jerin na huɗu yana da garkuwar Regalia ("fadar jini" na sarauta), Burgraviate na Altenburg (ja rose) da {{Lang|de|[[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrschaft]]}} na Eisenberg (azurfa da shuɗi). An raba jere na ƙarshe tsakanin {{Lang|de|Herrschaft}} na Wildberg (farin hasumiya a kan jan filin) da {{Lang|de|[[Graf]]schaft}} na Henneberg (baƙar kaza).]] Rushewar tsohuwar layin, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg a cikin 1825 ya sake haifar da rikice-rikicen gado tsakanin sauran layin iyalin Ernestine. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1826 yanke shawara, daga sasantawa na babban shugaban iyali, Sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony, ya haifar da sake tsarawa mai yawa na duchies na Ernestine. Saxe-Hildburghausen ya rasa Gundumomin Königsberg da Sonnefeld ga sabon Duchy na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha da sauran yankunanta ga Duchy na Saxony-Meiningen. Amma sarki na karshe na Saxe-Hildburghausen, [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg|Saxe-Altenburg]]" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Frederick, ya zama sabon sarki na Saxe - Altenburg. A cikin 1868, an kafa gundumomi huɗu a cikin Duchy na Saxe-Meiningen . Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Hildburghausen, tare da iyakoki masu kama da na tsohon duchy. Ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka rushe Gundumar Suhl kuma yawancin yankunanta sun shiga Gundumar Hildburghausen. == Manazarta == nynph5i4wn9aht4xp9shfwcxuqy8o8x 915560 915559 2026-09-03T15:16:16Z Usman saadu 46863 915560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Saxe-Hildburghausen''' ([[Jamus]]: Sachsen-Hildbourghausen) wani yanki ne na Ernestine da kuma Masarautar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a kudancin Jihar Thuringia ta yanzu a Jamus . Ya wanzu daga shekarar 1680 zuwa 1826 amma Gundumar Hildburghausen a halin yanzu tana amfani da sunansa da iyakokinsa. == Tarihi == Bayan Duke na [[Gotha]]" id="mwFg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saxe-Gotha">Saxe-Gotha, Ernest the Pious, ya mutu a ranar 26 ga watan Maris A shekara ta 1675 a Gotha, an raba duchy a ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta 1680 tsakanin 'ya'yansa maza bakwai da suka tsira. Ƙasar Saxe-Hildburghausen ta tafi ga ɗa na shida, wanda ya zama Ernest II, sarki na farko na Saxe-hildburghausan. Amma sabon duchy ba shi da cikakken 'yancin kai. Dole ne ya dogara da manyan hukumomi a Gotha don al'amuran gudanarwa na gundumominta - abin da ake kira "{{Lang|la|Nexus Gothanus}}" - saboda Gotha ita ce gidan ɗan'uwan Ernest II, wanda ya yi mulki a matsayin Frederick I, Duke na Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg. Saxe-Hildburghausen bai zama cikakke ba har zuwa 1702. A farkon, duchy yana da gundumar da birnin Hildburghausen, gundumar da garin Heldburg, gundumar kuma garin Eisfeld, gundumar Veilsdorf da rabin gundumar Schalkau. An kara wasu gundumomi biyu - Königsberg a cikin 1683 da Sonnefeld a cikin 1705. Lokacin da Albert V, Duke na Saxe-Coburg, ya mutu a shekara ta 1699 ba tare da wani zuriya mai rai ba, rikice-rikice ya tashi game da gado amma, a ƙarshe, a cikin shekara ta 1714, Saxe-Hildburghausen ya amince da musayar gundumar Schalkau don wasu sassan sauran duchies na Saxon - wani ɓangare na tsohon Duchy na Saxe, Gundumar Behrungen, gami da gidan giya, da gidan sufi na Milz da kuma tsoffin kadarorin Echter na Mespelbrunn. A shekara ta 1684 birnin Hildburghausen ya zama gidan duke don haka an haɓaka shi don nuna sabon matsayinsa. Koyaya, gine-gine da farfajiyar sarakuna sun damu da kudaden duchy sosai har, a cikin 1769, dole ne a ba da umarnin tilasta gudanar da basussuka ta hanyar kwamishinan Imperial Debit. An sanya shi a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Regent, Charlotte Amalie na Saxe-Meiningen . Tare da rushewar [[Daular Roma Mai Tsarki|Daular Romawa Mai Tsarki]] a cikin 1806, Saxe-Hildburghausen ta sami cikakken ikon mallakarta a matsayin Duchy na Saxe-Fildburghausan . Bayan 'yan watanni, a ranar 15 ga Disamba 1806, shi, tare da sauran duchies na Ernestine, sun shiga Confederation of the Rhine. A cikin 1815, ta shiga Tarayyar Jamus. A cikin 1818, yana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin Jamus na farko da suka karɓi [[Kundin Tsarin Mulki|kundin tsarin mulki]]. [[Fayil:Hildburghausen-002.jpg|thumb|400x400px|A Gidan Gida na Hildburghausen, an gabatar da makamai guda biyu - don Duchy na Saxe-Hilburghausen a hagu da City of Hildburgheusen a dama. Garkuwar birnin tana da sashi tare da zaki mai laushi na Thuringia da baƙar zaki na Margraviate na Meissen. Babban jere na garkuwar Duchy shine Thuringia, Duchy na Saxe-Lauenburg (gwargwadon zinariya a filin shuɗi), Meissen . Layin na biyu yana da Counties na Weimar-Orlamünde (baƙar zaki tare da zukata) da Pleißen (farin zaki tare le zinariya), a gefen garkuwar zuciya ta Saxony. Layin na uku yana wakiltar Electorate na Saxe-Wittenberg (ja zukata uku), Margraviate na Landsberg (zinariya da shuɗi) da Palatinate County na Saxony (gwargwadon zinariya a filin baƙar fata). Jerin na huɗu yana da garkuwar Regalia ("fadar jini" na sarauta), Burgraviate na Altenburg (ja rose) da {{Lang|de|[[Herrschaft (territory)|Herrschaft]]}} na Eisenberg (azurfa da shuɗi). An raba jere na ƙarshe tsakanin {{Lang|de|Herrschaft}} na Wildberg (farin hasumiya a kan jan filin) da {{Lang|de|[[Graf]]schaft}} na Henneberg (baƙar kaza).]] Rushewar tsohuwar layin, Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg a cikin 1825 ya sake haifar da rikice-rikicen gado tsakanin sauran layin iyalin Ernestine. A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba 1826 yanke shawara, daga sasantawa na babban shugaban iyali, Sarki Frederick Augustus I na Saxony, ya haifar da sake tsarawa mai yawa na duchies na Ernestine. Saxe-Hildburghausen ya rasa Gundumomin Königsberg da Sonnefeld ga sabon Duchy na Saxe-Coburg da Gotha da sauran yankunanta ga Duchy na Saxony-Meiningen. Amma sarki na karshe na Saxe-Hildburghausen, [[Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg|Saxe-Altenburg]]" id="mwTw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Frederick, ya zama sabon sarki na Saxe - Altenburg. A cikin 1868, an kafa gundumomi huɗu a cikin Duchy na Saxe-Meiningen . Ɗaya daga cikinsu shine Hildburghausen, tare da iyakoki masu kama da na tsohon duchy. Ya kasance kusan ba a canza shi ba har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka rushe Gundumar Suhl kuma yawancin yankunanta sun shiga Gundumar Hildburghausen. == Manazarta == o0e10e3tmun01c2yz7f8oyzh8s50640 0 166231 915565 2026-09-03T15:29:37Z Hamza DK 12444 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367948914|Pollution Control Department]]" 915565 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ma'aikatar Kula da Magunguna ('''PCD''', Thai) sashen da ke dogara da Ma'aikatu da Muhalli ne na Thai. Sashen yana da alhakin rage gurɓata muhalli a Thailand, tare da tattara bayanai game da matakan gurɓata da tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Governor Chadchart cites PM2.5 causes: car smoke, burning, and weather lid |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/thailand/bangkok/40045004 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jagora == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Darakta Janar !Kalmar nan |- |1 |Nipon Poapongsakorn |1992–1997 |- |2 |Sutham Sathienthai |1997–2000 |- |3 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2000–2003 |- |4 |Sirithan Pairojboriboon |2003–2007 |- |5 |Wichian Chantong |2007–2008 |- |6 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2008–2010 |- |7 |Anond Snidvongs |2010–2012 |- |8 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2012–2014 |- |9 |Wirot Kirdkham |2014–2015 |- |10 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2015–2017 |- |11 |Sunanta Mongkolsawat |2017–2018 |- |12 |Pinsak Surasawadee |2018–2019 |- |13 |Pralong Dumrongthaittach |2019–2020 |- |14 |Atthapol Charoenchansa |2020–2022 |- |15 |Narin Boonruam |2022–2023 |- |16 |Preeyaporn Suwannakes |2023–2025 |- |17 |Surin Worakijthamrong |2025-ya zuwa yanzu |} == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane.[1] PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Pattaya |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bangkok tightens black smoke vehicle regulations; 15-day fix period now enforced |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/bangkok-tightens-black-smoke-vehicle-regulations-15-day-fix-period-now-enforced-489036 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane. PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0" /> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] 1cala6bciiasys196yl6a1p20w2zm3h 915570 915565 2026-09-03T15:34:39Z Hamza DK 12444 915570 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ma'aikatar Kula da Magunguna Pollution Control Department ('''PCD''', Thai) sashen da ke dogara da Ma'aikatu da Muhalli ne na Thai. Sashen yana da alhakin rage gurɓata muhalli a Thailand, tare da tattara bayanai game da matakan gurɓata da tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Governor Chadchart cites PM2.5 causes: car smoke, burning, and weather lid |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/thailand/bangkok/40045004 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jagora == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Darakta Janar !Kalmar nan |- |1 |Nipon Poapongsakorn |1992–1997 |- |2 |Sutham Sathienthai |1997–2000 |- |3 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2000–2003 |- |4 |Sirithan Pairojboriboon |2003–2007 |- |5 |Wichian Chantong |2007–2008 |- |6 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2008–2010 |- |7 |Anond Snidvongs |2010–2012 |- |8 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2012–2014 |- |9 |Wirot Kirdkham |2014–2015 |- |10 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2015–2017 |- |11 |Sunanta Mongkolsawat |2017–2018 |- |12 |Pinsak Surasawadee |2018–2019 |- |13 |Pralong Dumrongthaittach |2019–2020 |- |14 |Atthapol Charoenchansa |2020–2022 |- |15 |Narin Boonruam |2022–2023 |- |16 |Preeyaporn Suwannakes |2023–2025 |- |17 |Surin Worakijthamrong |2025-ya zuwa yanzu |} == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane.[1] PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Pattaya |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bangkok tightens black smoke vehicle regulations; 15-day fix period now enforced |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/bangkok-tightens-black-smoke-vehicle-regulations-15-day-fix-period-now-enforced-489036 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane. PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0" /> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] a5q3rtcv8zhfo50aezlvwv8qpjn5itr 915571 915570 2026-09-03T15:37:47Z Hamza DK 12444 915571 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ma'aikatar Kula da Gurɓatar Pollution Control Department ('''PCD''', Thai) sashen da ke dogara da Ma'aikatu da Muhalli ne na Thai. Sashen yana da alhakin rage gurɓata muhalli a Thailand, tare da tattara bayanai game da matakan gurɓata da tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Governor Chadchart cites PM2.5 causes: car smoke, burning, and weather lid |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/thailand/bangkok/40045004 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jagora == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Darakta Janar !Kalmar nan |- |1 |Nipon Poapongsakorn |1992–1997 |- |2 |Sutham Sathienthai |1997–2000 |- |3 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2000–2003 |- |4 |Sirithan Pairojboriboon |2003–2007 |- |5 |Wichian Chantong |2007–2008 |- |6 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2008–2010 |- |7 |Anond Snidvongs |2010–2012 |- |8 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2012–2014 |- |9 |Wirot Kirdkham |2014–2015 |- |10 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2015–2017 |- |11 |Sunanta Mongkolsawat |2017–2018 |- |12 |Pinsak Surasawadee |2018–2019 |- |13 |Pralong Dumrongthaittach |2019–2020 |- |14 |Atthapol Charoenchansa |2020–2022 |- |15 |Narin Boonruam |2022–2023 |- |16 |Preeyaporn Suwannakes |2023–2025 |- |17 |Surin Worakijthamrong |2025-ya zuwa yanzu |} == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane.[1] PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Pattaya |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bangkok tightens black smoke vehicle regulations; 15-day fix period now enforced |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/bangkok-tightens-black-smoke-vehicle-regulations-15-day-fix-period-now-enforced-489036 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane. PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0" /> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] 9x9nq1yst9jtkb71zh9v0stdux31gby 915572 915571 2026-09-03T15:38:22Z Hamza DK 12444 915572 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ma'aikatar Kula da Gurɓatar yanayi Pollution Control Department ('''PCD''', Thai) sashen da ke dogara da Ma'aikatu da Muhalli ne na Thai. Sashen yana da alhakin rage gurɓata muhalli a Thailand, tare da tattara bayanai game da matakan gurɓata da tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Governor Chadchart cites PM2.5 causes: car smoke, burning, and weather lid |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/thailand/bangkok/40045004 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jagora == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Darakta Janar !Kalmar nan |- |1 |Nipon Poapongsakorn |1992–1997 |- |2 |Sutham Sathienthai |1997–2000 |- |3 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2000–2003 |- |4 |Sirithan Pairojboriboon |2003–2007 |- |5 |Wichian Chantong |2007–2008 |- |6 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2008–2010 |- |7 |Anond Snidvongs |2010–2012 |- |8 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2012–2014 |- |9 |Wirot Kirdkham |2014–2015 |- |10 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2015–2017 |- |11 |Sunanta Mongkolsawat |2017–2018 |- |12 |Pinsak Surasawadee |2018–2019 |- |13 |Pralong Dumrongthaittach |2019–2020 |- |14 |Atthapol Charoenchansa |2020–2022 |- |15 |Narin Boonruam |2022–2023 |- |16 |Preeyaporn Suwannakes |2023–2025 |- |17 |Surin Worakijthamrong |2025-ya zuwa yanzu |} == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane.[1] PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Pattaya |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bangkok tightens black smoke vehicle regulations; 15-day fix period now enforced |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/bangkok-tightens-black-smoke-vehicle-regulations-15-day-fix-period-now-enforced-489036 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane. PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0" /> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] cwe4sz80qw53tqsy7yr7sr7lymua39u 915573 915572 2026-09-03T15:38:44Z Hamza DK 12444 915573 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Ma'aikatar Kula da Gurɓatar yanayi wato Pollution Control Department ('''PCD''', Thai) sashen da ke dogara da Ma'aikatu da Muhalli ne na Thai. Sashen yana da alhakin rage gurɓata muhalli a Thailand, tare da tattara bayanai game da matakan gurɓata da tushe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-09 |title=Governor Chadchart cites PM2.5 causes: car smoke, burning, and weather lid |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/thailand/bangkok/40045004 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jagora == {| class="wikitable" !A'a. !Darakta Janar !Kalmar nan |- |1 |Nipon Poapongsakorn |1992–1997 |- |2 |Sutham Sathienthai |1997–2000 |- |3 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2000–2003 |- |4 |Sirithan Pairojboriboon |2003–2007 |- |5 |Wichian Chantong |2007–2008 |- |6 |Supat Wangwongwatana |2008–2010 |- |7 |Anond Snidvongs |2010–2012 |- |8 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2012–2014 |- |9 |Wirot Kirdkham |2014–2015 |- |10 |Jatuporn Buruspat |2015–2017 |- |11 |Sunanta Mongkolsawat |2017–2018 |- |12 |Pinsak Surasawadee |2018–2019 |- |13 |Pralong Dumrongthaittach |2019–2020 |- |14 |Atthapol Charoenchansa |2020–2022 |- |15 |Narin Boonruam |2022–2023 |- |16 |Preeyaporn Suwannakes |2023–2025 |- |17 |Surin Worakijthamrong |2025-ya zuwa yanzu |} == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane.[1] PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mail |first=Pattaya |date=2025-01-31 |title=Bangkok tightens black smoke vehicle regulations; 15-day fix period now enforced |url=https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/bangkok-tightens-black-smoke-vehicle-regulations-15-day-fix-period-now-enforced-489036 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Pattaya Mail |language=en-US}}</ref> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Tarihi == A cikin 2024, PDC ta fitar da shirin kula da gurɓata don 2025 wanda ke da niyyar magance gurɓataccen hazo, gami da yin niyya ga gandun daji, aikin gona da kuma tushen birane. PCD tana aiki da wuraren dubawa na motoci da ke da niyyar fitar da hayaki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-16 |title=Police nearly double checkpoints for exhaust-spewing vehicles |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30362371 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=nationthailand |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, kusan rabin dukkan motocin da wuraren binciken PCD suka dakatar sun wuce iyakokin fitarwa na doka. Wadannan wuraren dubawa sun karu a lokacin hayaki na Bangkok na 2025. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu 2025, Darakta Janar na PCD Preeyaporn Suwannakes ya ba da sanarwar sabbin matakan da ke fuskantar motocin da ke fitar da hayaki baƙar fata tare da sashen 'yan sanda na zirga-zirga.<ref name=":0" /> Wadannan matakan sun hada da umarnin masu motoci su gyara motocin da ba su dace ba a cikin kwanaki 15, raguwa daga abin da ake buƙata a baya na kwanaki 30.<ref name=":0" /> A karkashin ikon Dokar Traffic ta Thailand da Dokar Kare Muhalli ta 1992, 'yan sanda yanzu na iya ba da umarni ga masu motoci da su gyara yawan hayaki a cikin kwanaki 15.<ref name=":0" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Yanayi]] d13d7bxhcogch3ubm60p14n8x0ojsgv 0 166232 915566 2026-09-03T15:33:02Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1239900766|Eckhard Jesse]]" 915566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eckhard Jesse''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1948) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Jamus. An haife shi a Wurzen, Saxony, ya rike [[Farfesa|kujera]] "tsarin siyasa da cibiyoyin siyasa" a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chemnitz daga 1993 zuwa 2014. Jesse yana daya daga cikin sanannun masanan siyasa na Jamus a fagen tsattsauran ra'ayi da nazarin [[ta'addanci]]. Ya kuma ƙware a cikin nazarin jam'iyyun siyasa na Jamus da [[Tsarin siyasa]] na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeritus &#124; Professur &#124; Politische Systeme &#124; Politikwissenschaft &#124; Philosophische Fakultät &#124; TU Chemnitz |url=http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/politik/pspi/jesse.php}}</ref><ref>Alexander Gallus, Thomas Schubert, Tom Thieme (eds.): Deutsche Kontroversen. Festschrift für Eckhard Jesse. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-8487-0114-8}}.</ref> Tare da Uwe Backes, darektan Cibiyar Hannah Arendt don Bincike kan Totalitarianism, ya shirya Yearbook Extremism & Democracy tun 1989; ya zama classic ga malaman ta'addanci. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Veldensteiner kan tsattsauran ra'ayi da bincike na dimokuradiyya. Jesse ya rubuta da yawa game da tsattsauran ra'ayi da jam'iyyun siyasa a cikin jaridu da yawa na Jamus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] 28onkjlsqr548lyvofd0esyasm8vuph 915567 915566 2026-09-03T15:33:20Z Usman saadu 46863 915567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eckhard Jesse''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1948) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Jamus. An haife shi a Wurzen, Saxony, ya rike [[Farfesa|kujera]] "tsarin siyasa da cibiyoyin siyasa" a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chemnitz daga 1993 zuwa 2014. Jesse yana daya daga cikin sanannun masanan siyasa na Jamus a fagen tsattsauran ra'ayi da nazarin [[ta'addanci]]. Ya kuma ƙware a cikin nazarin jam'iyyun siyasa na Jamus da [[Tsarin siyasa]] na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeritus &#124; Professur &#124; Politische Systeme &#124; Politikwissenschaft &#124; Philosophische Fakultät &#124; TU Chemnitz |url=http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/politik/pspi/jesse.php}}</ref><ref>Alexander Gallus, Thomas Schubert, Tom Thieme (eds.): Deutsche Kontroversen. Festschrift für Eckhard Jesse. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-8487-0114-8}}.</ref> Tare da Uwe Backes, darektan Cibiyar Hannah Arendt don Bincike kan Totalitarianism, ya shirya Yearbook Extremism & Democracy tun 1989; ya zama classic ga malaman ta'addanci. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Veldensteiner kan tsattsauran ra'ayi da bincike na dimokuradiyya. Jesse ya rubuta da yawa game da tsattsauran ra'ayi da jam'iyyun siyasa a cikin jaridu da yawa na Jamus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] 0hgvjfg66nclitgkmg4zes1i2u0iod3 915568 915567 2026-09-03T15:33:57Z Usman saadu 46863 915568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eckhard Jesse''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1948) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Jamus. An haife shi a Wurzen, Saxony, ya rike [[Farfesa|kujera]] "tsarin siyasa da cibiyoyin siyasa" a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chemnitz daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 2014. Jesse yana daya daga cikin sanannun masanan siyasa na Jamus a fagen tsattsauran ra'ayi da nazarin [[ta'addanci]]. Ya kuma ƙware a cikin nazarin jam'iyyun siyasa na Jamus da [[Tsarin siyasa]] na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeritus &#124; Professur &#124; Politische Systeme &#124; Politikwissenschaft &#124; Philosophische Fakultät &#124; TU Chemnitz |url=http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/politik/pspi/jesse.php}}</ref><ref>Alexander Gallus, Thomas Schubert, Tom Thieme (eds.): Deutsche Kontroversen. Festschrift für Eckhard Jesse. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-8487-0114-8}}.</ref> Tare da Uwe Backes, darektan Cibiyar Hannah Arendt don Bincike kan Totalitarianism, ya shirya Yearbook Extremism & Democracy tun 1989; ya zama classic ga malaman ta'addanci. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Veldensteiner kan tsattsauran ra'ayi da bincike na dimokuradiyya. Jesse ya rubuta da yawa game da tsattsauran ra'ayi da jam'iyyun siyasa a cikin jaridu da yawa na Jamus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] aqtye00vv3r11ys8xjewtdz8pjtl5pm 915569 915568 2026-09-03T15:34:23Z Usman saadu 46863 915569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eckhard Jesse''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1948) masanin kimiyyar siyasa ne na Jamus. An haife shi a Wurzen, Saxony, ya rike [[Farfesa|kujera]] "tsarin siyasa da cibiyoyin siyasa" a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Chemnitz daga shekarar 1993 zuwa 2014. Jesse yana daya daga cikin sanannun masanan siyasa na Jamus a fagen tsattsauran ra'ayi da nazarin [[ta'addanci]]. Ya kuma ƙware a cikin nazarin jam'iyyun siyasa na Jamus da [[Tsarin siyasa]] na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emeritus &#124; Professur &#124; Politische Systeme &#124; Politikwissenschaft &#124; Philosophische Fakultät &#124; TU Chemnitz |url=http://www.tu-chemnitz.de/phil/politik/pspi/jesse.php}}</ref><ref>Alexander Gallus, Thomas Schubert, Tom Thieme (eds.): Deutsche Kontroversen. Festschrift für Eckhard Jesse. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-8487-0114-8}}.</ref> Tare da Uwe Backes, darektan Cibiyar Hannah Arendt don Bincike kan Totalitarianism, ya shirya Yearbook Extremism & Democracy tun shekara ta 1989; ya zama classic ga malaman ta'addanci. Yana daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar Veldensteiner kan tsattsauran ra'ayi da bincike na dimokuradiyya. Jesse ya rubuta da yawa game da tsattsauran ra'ayi da jam'iyyun siyasa a cikin jaridu da yawa na Jamus. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] dn838fdl9ujryq71p9b4poakfatpbgh 0 166233 915577 2026-09-03T15:50:17Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364372653|Deborah Sasson]]" 915577 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Deborah Sasson''' née '''Deborah Ann O'Brien''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, 'yar wasan wasan kwaikwayo ta kiɗa kuma mawaƙa, galibi tana aiki a Jamus. Ta kammala makarantar sakandare ta Millis . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin kiɗa na pop. Ta kasance Miss Massachusetts kuma ta zo na biyu a Miss America a wannan shekarar. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Deborah Ann O'Brien a Boston.<ref name="Novotny">{{Cite web |last=Nowotny |first=Walter |date=1 August 2023 |title=Geburtstag im August 2023 / 11.8. Deboral Sasson wird 65 |url=https://onlinemerker.com/geburtstage-im-august-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002104557/https://onlinemerker.com/geburtstage-im-august-2023/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Online Merker |language=de}}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta yi waka a cikin ƙungiyar makarantar sakandare. Bayan makarantar sakandare, <ref name="GSL" /> ta yi karatun waka ta gargajiya a Kwalejin Oberlin da ke Oberlin, Ohio tare da Ellen Repp da Helen Hodam; ta ci gaba da karatu a New England Conservatory of Music tare da Gladys Miller, ta kammala karatu a matsayin Master of Music . [1] Ta fara ne a matsayin mawaƙa. Ta kasance dan wasan karshe na Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions . <ref name="GSL" /> Ta fara fitowa a Broadway a cikin Show Boat . <ref name="Fritsch">{{Cite web |last=Fritsch |first=Werner |date=7 January 2014 |title=Das etwas andere Phantom: Deborah Sasson über ihre Version des Musicals |url=https://www.hna.de/kultur/etwas-andere-phantom-3301484.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427134444/http://www.hna.de/kultur/etwas-andere-phantom-3301484.html |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=HNA.de |language=de}}</ref> Leonard Bernstein ya ga rawar da ta taka kuma ya jefa ta a matsayin Maria a cikin samar da West Side Story a Hamburg State Opera <ref name="GSL" /> wanda ya fara aikinta a Jamus.<ref name="Rheinpfalz">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2023 |title=Deborah Sasson und Kant-Chöre stimmen auf Weihnachten ein |url=https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel%2C-deborah-sasson-und-kant-ch%C3%B6re-stimmen-auf-weihnachten-ein-_arid%2C5582694.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302095037/https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel,-deborah-sasson-und-kant-ch%C3%B6re-stimmen-auf-weihnachten-ein-_arid,5582694.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Die Rheinpfalz |language=de}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Aachen daga 1979 zuwa 1982, kuma ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a Deutsche Oper Berlin, La Fenice a Venice da San Francisco Opera . Matsayinta sun hada da Despina na Mozart a cikin ''Così fan tutte'' da Zerlina a cikin ''Don Giovanni'', Norina na Donizetti a cikin ''Don Pasquale'' da Adina L'elisir d'amore, Rosina na Rossini a cikin The Barber of Seville da Gilda na Verdi a cikin ''Rigoletto'' . Sasson ta bayyana a Bikin Bayreuth a matsayin Flower Maiden a ''Parsifal'' da farko a 1982, tare da Peter Hofmann a cikin rawar da zai zama mijinta. Ta yi rawar har zuwa 1989. <ref name="GSL" /> Ta yi rikodin tare da Hofmann a cikin duet version na Scarborough Fair a matsayin wani ɓangare na kundin Rock Classics . Sasson daga baya ya sake komawa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da kuma shahararren kiɗa, kuma daga 1988 ya yi aiki a cikin kiɗa na pop. Ta fito da kundi irin su (Carmen) Danger in Her Eyes da Passion and Pain wanda ya sami matsayi na ginshiƙi.<ref name="hitparade">{{Cite web |date= |title=Deborah Sasson |url=http://hitparade.ch/artist/Deborah_Sasson#charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426054011/https://hitparade.ch/artist/Deborah_Sasson#charts |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=hitparade.ch |language=de}}</ref> Ta rubuta a shekara ta 2010, tare da Jochen Sautter, wani kiɗa ''Das Phantom der Oper'' kuma ya bayyana a matsayin Christine, yawon shakatawa a Jamus na shekaru da yawa. <ref name="Hordych">{{Cite web |last=Hordych |first=Barbara |date=4 January 2018 |title=Sein eigener Herr |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/musical-sein-eigener-herr-1.3814551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114055853/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/musical-sein-eigener-herr-1.3814551 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[Süddeutsche.de]] |language=de}}</ref> Har ila yau tare da Sautter, ta rubuta wani kiɗa ''Der kleine Prinz'', wanda ya dogara da Le Petit Prince, a cikin 2015, wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Jamus da Switzerland. <ref name="Hug">{{Cite web |last=Hug |first=Michael |date=15 January 2016 |title=Basel: Musical-Theater Basel – Deborah Sasson/Jochen Sautter "Der kleine Prinz" |url=https://onlinemerker.com/basel-musical-theater-der-kleine-prinz-von-deborah-sasson-und-jochen-sautter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517103907/https://onlinemerker.com/basel-musical-theater-der-kleine-prinz-von-deborah-sasson-und-jochen-sautter/ |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Online Merker |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Hordych" /> === Rayuwa ta mutum === Ta fara auren mai gudanarwa Michel Sasson . Ta auri dan wasan tenor Peter Hofmann daga 1983 zuwa 1990. Sasson tana ba da kide-kide na solo tare da ƙungiyarta; <ref name="e529">{{Cite web |title=Festliche Weihnacht mit Weltstar Deborah Sasson |url=https://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/veranstaltungen-und-termine/eventsingle/event/festliche-weihnacht-mit-weltstar-deborah-sasson |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Startseite leipzig.de |language=de}}</ref> ta yi a cikin shirin duo tare da mawaƙin opera Gunther Emmerlich.<ref name="e190">{{Cite web |last=Gröger |first=René |date=20 December 2023 |title=Nachruf: Sänger Gunther Emmerlich gestorben |url=https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/saenger-gunther-emmerlich-gestorben-nachruf-wuerdigung-oper-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119174743/https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/saenger-gunther-emmerlich-gestorben-nachruf-wuerdigung-oper-100.html |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=BR-KLASSIK |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mswj2rq1c5t568728vq26vsgctfvhz0 915578 915577 2026-09-03T15:50:37Z Usman saadu 46863 915578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Deborah Sasson''' née '''Deborah Ann O'Brien''' 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Amurka, 'yar wasan wasan kwaikwayo ta kiɗa kuma mawaƙa, galibi tana aiki a Jamus. Ta kammala makarantar sakandare ta Millis . Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin kiɗa na pop. Ta kasance Miss Massachusetts kuma ta zo na biyu a Miss America a wannan shekarar. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Deborah Ann O'Brien a Boston.<ref name="Novotny">{{Cite web |last=Nowotny |first=Walter |date=1 August 2023 |title=Geburtstag im August 2023 / 11.8. Deboral Sasson wird 65 |url=https://onlinemerker.com/geburtstage-im-august-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002104557/https://onlinemerker.com/geburtstage-im-august-2023/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Online Merker |language=de}}</ref> Yayinda take matashiya ta yi waka a cikin ƙungiyar makarantar sakandare. Bayan makarantar sakandare, <ref name="GSL" /> ta yi karatun waka ta gargajiya a Kwalejin Oberlin da ke Oberlin, Ohio tare da Ellen Repp da Helen Hodam; ta ci gaba da karatu a New England Conservatory of Music tare da Gladys Miller, ta kammala karatu a matsayin Master of Music . [1] Ta fara ne a matsayin mawaƙa. Ta kasance dan wasan karshe na Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions . <ref name="GSL" /> Ta fara fitowa a Broadway a cikin Show Boat . <ref name="Fritsch">{{Cite web |last=Fritsch |first=Werner |date=7 January 2014 |title=Das etwas andere Phantom: Deborah Sasson über ihre Version des Musicals |url=https://www.hna.de/kultur/etwas-andere-phantom-3301484.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427134444/http://www.hna.de/kultur/etwas-andere-phantom-3301484.html |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=HNA.de |language=de}}</ref> Leonard Bernstein ya ga rawar da ta taka kuma ya jefa ta a matsayin Maria a cikin samar da West Side Story a Hamburg State Opera <ref name="GSL" /> wanda ya fara aikinta a Jamus.<ref name="Rheinpfalz">{{Cite web |date=27 November 2023 |title=Deborah Sasson und Kant-Chöre stimmen auf Weihnachten ein |url=https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel%2C-deborah-sasson-und-kant-ch%C3%B6re-stimmen-auf-weihnachten-ein-_arid%2C5582694.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302095037/https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel,-deborah-sasson-und-kant-ch%C3%B6re-stimmen-auf-weihnachten-ein-_arid,5582694.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Die Rheinpfalz |language=de}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Aachen daga 1979 zuwa 1982, kuma ta bayyana a matsayin baƙo a Deutsche Oper Berlin, La Fenice a Venice da San Francisco Opera . Matsayinta sun hada da Despina na Mozart a cikin ''Così fan tutte'' da Zerlina a cikin ''Don Giovanni'', Norina na Donizetti a cikin ''Don Pasquale'' da Adina L'elisir d'amore, Rosina na Rossini a cikin The Barber of Seville da Gilda na Verdi a cikin ''Rigoletto'' . Sasson ta bayyana a Bikin Bayreuth a matsayin Flower Maiden a ''Parsifal'' da farko a 1982, tare da Peter Hofmann a cikin rawar da zai zama mijinta. Ta yi rawar har zuwa 1989. <ref name="GSL" /> Ta yi rikodin tare da Hofmann a cikin duet version na Scarborough Fair a matsayin wani ɓangare na kundin Rock Classics . Sasson daga baya ya sake komawa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa da kuma shahararren kiɗa, kuma daga 1988 ya yi aiki a cikin kiɗa na pop. Ta fito da kundi irin su (Carmen) Danger in Her Eyes da Passion and Pain wanda ya sami matsayi na ginshiƙi.<ref name="hitparade">{{Cite web |date= |title=Deborah Sasson |url=http://hitparade.ch/artist/Deborah_Sasson#charts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426054011/https://hitparade.ch/artist/Deborah_Sasson#charts |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=hitparade.ch |language=de}}</ref> Ta rubuta a shekara ta 2010, tare da Jochen Sautter, wani kiɗa ''Das Phantom der Oper'' kuma ya bayyana a matsayin Christine, yawon shakatawa a Jamus na shekaru da yawa. <ref name="Hordych">{{Cite web |last=Hordych |first=Barbara |date=4 January 2018 |title=Sein eigener Herr |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/musical-sein-eigener-herr-1.3814551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114055853/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/musical-sein-eigener-herr-1.3814551 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=[[Süddeutsche.de]] |language=de}}</ref> Har ila yau tare da Sautter, ta rubuta wani kiɗa ''Der kleine Prinz'', wanda ya dogara da Le Petit Prince, a cikin 2015, wanda aka yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Jamus da Switzerland. <ref name="Hug">{{Cite web |last=Hug |first=Michael |date=15 January 2016 |title=Basel: Musical-Theater Basel – Deborah Sasson/Jochen Sautter "Der kleine Prinz" |url=https://onlinemerker.com/basel-musical-theater-der-kleine-prinz-von-deborah-sasson-und-jochen-sautter/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517103907/https://onlinemerker.com/basel-musical-theater-der-kleine-prinz-von-deborah-sasson-und-jochen-sautter/ |archive-date=17 May 2022 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Online Merker |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Hordych" /> === Rayuwa ta mutum === Ta fara auren mai gudanarwa Michel Sasson . Ta auri dan wasan tenor Peter Hofmann daga 1983 zuwa 1990. Sasson tana ba da kide-kide na solo tare da ƙungiyarta; <ref name="e529">{{Cite web |title=Festliche Weihnacht mit Weltstar Deborah Sasson |url=https://www.leipzig.de/freizeit-kultur-und-tourismus/veranstaltungen-und-termine/eventsingle/event/festliche-weihnacht-mit-weltstar-deborah-sasson |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=Startseite leipzig.de |language=de}}</ref> ta yi a cikin shirin duo tare da mawaƙin opera Gunther Emmerlich.<ref name="e190">{{Cite web |last=Gröger |first=René |date=20 December 2023 |title=Nachruf: Sänger Gunther Emmerlich gestorben |url=https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/saenger-gunther-emmerlich-gestorben-nachruf-wuerdigung-oper-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119174743/https://www.br-klassik.de/aktuell/news-kritik/saenger-gunther-emmerlich-gestorben-nachruf-wuerdigung-oper-100.html |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=19 October 2024 |website=BR-KLASSIK |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mymrwh9nr324gormiqgxxivdxd1me2k 0 166234 915693 2026-09-03T18:09:44Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369978613|List of best-selling girl groups]]" 915693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Spice_Girls_in_Toronto,_Ontario.jpg|alt=An image of Melanie C, Victoria Beckham, Geri Halliwell, Mel B and Emma Bunton, holding each other's hand on a stage.|thumb|The Spice Girls (a nan a cikin 2008) sune ƙungiyar 'yan mata mafi kyawun tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 things we learned from Melanie C's Desert Island Discs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3DQLW2fhVRy6Y4ZFQZP4TBp/12-things-we-learned-from-melanie-cs-desert-island-discs |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>]] Kungiyar 'yan mata sanannen kiɗa ne wanda ke nuna mawaƙan mata da yawa waɗanda galibi suna jituwa tare. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan mata sun shahara aƙalla tun lokacin da Boswell Sisters suka fara a cikin shekarun 1930, amma kalmar "ƙungiyar' yan mata" tana nuna raƙuman ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na mata na Amurka waɗanda suka bunƙasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da farkon shekarun 1960 tsakanin raguwar dutse da juzu'i da mamayewar Burtaniya, da yawa daga cikinsu sun rinjayi salon doo-wop. Wannan labarin ya shafi kungiyoyin mata ne kawai daga wannan zamanin da kuma daga baya. Kalmar "ƙungiyar 'yan mata" ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyin gumaka na Jafananci da Koriya. A Japan, waɗannan kungiyoyin sun fara samun shahara a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, yayin da a Koriya ta Kudu, sun sami shahara a cikin 2000s da farkon 2010s. Kungiyoyin 'yan mata na Koriya sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin Koriya Wave. Bayanan tallace-tallace a yawancin ƙasashe ba su samuwa ba kafin shekarun 1990, don haka yana da wahala a ƙayyade bayanan da suka fi sayarwa, ko dai ta ƙasa ko a duniya. An yi amfani da matakan takaddun shaida ga yawancin ƙasashe, amma takaddun shaidar ba ta zama ruwan dare ba har zuwa shekarun 1970 a Amurka da Burtaniya, kuma daga baya a wasu ƙasashe. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙasashe da yawa takardar shaidar ita ce don jigilar rikodin ga masu siyarwa, maimakon ainihin tallace-tallace. Canje-canje daga 2010 zuwa gaba yayin da takaddun shaida sun dogara ne akan jimlar tallace-tallace da yawo maimakon tallace-tafiye kadai sun kara rikitar da al'amura. A sakamakon haka, bai kamata a yi la'akari da waɗannan teburin a matsayin mafi kyawun rikodin da kungiyoyin mata suka sayar a kowace ƙasa ba. == Manazarta == ilaaubehbp91hvzg68gi7qgjhkzv35g 915694 915693 2026-09-03T18:11:30Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Spice_Girls_in_Toronto,_Ontario.jpg|alt=An image of Melanie C, Victoria Beckham, Geri Halliwell, Mel B and Emma Bunton, holding each other's hand on a stage.|thumb|The Spice Girls (a nan a cikin 2008) sune ƙungiyar 'yan mata mafi kyawun tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 things we learned from Melanie C's Desert Island Discs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3DQLW2fhVRy6Y4ZFQZP4TBp/12-things-we-learned-from-melanie-cs-desert-island-discs |access-date=3 March 2021 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref>]] Kungiyar 'yan mata sanannen kiɗa ne wanda ke nuna mawaƙan mata da yawa waɗanda galibi suna jituwa tare. Ƙungiyoyin 'yan mata sun shahara aƙalla tun lokacin da Boswell Sisters suka fara a cikin shekarun 1930, amma kalmar "ƙungiyar' yan mata" tana nuna raƙuman ƙungiyoyin mawaƙa na mata na Amurka waɗanda suka bunƙasa a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da farkon shekarun 1960 tsakanin raguwar dutse da juzu'i da mamayewar Burtaniya, da yawa daga cikinsu sun rinjayi salon doo-wop. Wannan labarin ya shafi kungiyoyin mata ne kawai daga wannan zamanin da kuma daga baya. Kalmar "ƙungiyar 'yan mata" ta haɗa da ƙungiyoyin gumaka na Jafananci da Koriya. A Japan, waɗannan kungiyoyin sun fara samun shahara a ƙarshen shekarun 1990, yayin da a Koriya ta Kudu, sun sami shahara a cikin 2000s da farkon 2010s. Kungiyoyin 'yan mata na Koriya sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin Koriya Wave. Bayanan tallace-tallace a yawancin ƙasashe ba su samuwa ba kafin shekarun 1990, don haka yana da wahala a ƙayyade bayanan da suka fi sayarwa, ko dai ta ƙasa ko a duniya. An yi amfani da matakan takaddun shaida ga yawancin ƙasashe, amma takaddun shaidar ba ta zama ruwan dare ba har zuwa shekarun 1970 a Amurka da Burtaniya, kuma daga baya a wasu ƙasashe. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙasashe da yawa takardar shaidar ita ce don jigilar rikodin ga masu siyarwa, maimakon ainihin tallace-tallace. Canje-canje daga 2010 zuwa gaba yayin da takaddun shaida sun dogara ne akan jimlar tallace-tallace da yawo maimakon tallace-tafiye kadai sun kara rikitar da al'amura. A sakamakon haka, bai kamata a yi la'akari da waɗannan teburin a matsayin mafi kyawun rikodin da kungiyoyin mata suka sayar a kowace ƙasa ba. == Manazarta == hknyylrlzdmh7phx1f2xm0mvrj60v75 0 166235 915697 2026-09-03T18:16:41Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361838774|Lay Zhang discography]]" 915697 wikitext text/x-wiki Mawakin kasar Sin Lay Zhang (Zhang Yixing) ya fitar da Kundin studio guda shida, wasanni biyar, guda talatin da kuma sauti guda biyar. A watan Mayu 2016, ya fitar da sautin sa na farko da ake kira "Monodrama" don aikin Station.[1] Zhang ya fara bugawa a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2016, tare da sakin waƙar "What U Need?". [2] [3][4] An saki wasan sa na farko, mai taken Lose Control, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar. [5][6][7] EP ta kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ta kai lamba 1 a kan Gaon Album Chart kuma ta sanya ta bakwai a cikin jerin kundin da aka fi sayarwa na 2016. [8] == Albums == === Kundin studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin kundin studio, tare da bayanan da aka zaɓa da matsayi na ginshiƙi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayani ! colspan="5" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |KOR<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA Dig.<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USWorld<nowiki><br id="mwXQ"></nowiki><br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Lay 02 Tumaki'' | * An saki shi: 7 ga Oktoba, 2017 * Alamomi: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo |10 | - |7 | - |2 | * CHN: 1,008,000 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales of ''SHEEP'' |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/49/ |access-date=February 7, 2021}}</ref> * KOR: 22,768 * JPN: 770 <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2017 |title=Oricon Ranking Weekly - October Week 3 |url=http://theqoo.net/index.php?mid=japan&category=26063&page=2&document_srl=598309096 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=Oricon Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Namanana'' | * An saki shi: 19 ga Oktoba, 2018 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo | - |161 | - |21 |1 | * CHN: 1,180,208 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Namanana |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024110058/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |archive-date=October 24, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> * US: 24,000 |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''Gidan gado'' | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 1'' * An saki: Yuni 1, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | rowspan="2" | * CHN: 2,741,096 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Lit |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021171834/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> |- | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 2'' * An saki shi: 21 ga Yuli, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" |''Mai gabatarwa'' | * An saki shi: Fabrairu 5, 2021 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |''Mataki'' | * An saki shi: 14 ga Yuni, 2024 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | * CHN: 555,000 <small>{{Abbr|(dig.)|Digital albums}}</small> |- ! scope="row" |''Dutse fadar sama'' | * An saki shi: Satumba 7, 2025 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} | |- | colspan="10" style="font-size:8pt;" |" - " yana nuna sakin da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba a saki su a wannan yankin ba. |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> hqgv7q5b6h2c0o4v51qb3g8kre4cxxg 915698 915697 2026-09-03T18:18:18Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawakin kasar Sin Lay Zhang (Zhang Yixing) ya fitar da Kundin studio guda shida, wasanni biyar, guda talatin da kuma sauti guda biyar. A watan Mayu 2016, ya fitar da sautin sa na farko da ake kira "Monodrama" don aikin Station.[1] Zhang ya fara bugawa a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2016, tare da sakin waƙar "What U Need?". [2] [3][4] An saki wasan sa na farko, mai taken Lose Control, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar. [5][6][7] EP ta kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ta kai lamba 1 a kan Gaon Album Chart kuma ta sanya ta bakwai a cikin jerin kundin da aka fi sayarwa na 2016. [8] == Albums == === Kundin studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin kundin studio, tare da bayanan da aka zaɓa da matsayi na ginshiƙi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayani ! colspan="5" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |KOR<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA Dig.<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USWorld<nowiki><br id="mwXQ"></nowiki><br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Lay 02 Tumaki'' | * An saki shi: 7 ga Oktoba, 2017 * Alamomi: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo |10 | - |7 | - |2 | * CHN: 1,008,000 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales of ''SHEEP'' |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/49/ |access-date=February 7, 2021}}</ref> * KOR: 22,768 * JPN: 770 <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2017 |title=Oricon Ranking Weekly - October Week 3 |url=http://theqoo.net/index.php?mid=japan&category=26063&page=2&document_srl=598309096 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=Oricon Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Namanana'' | * An saki shi: 19 ga Oktoba, 2018 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo | - |161 | - |21 |1 | * CHN: 1,180,208 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Namanana |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024110058/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |archive-date=October 24, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> * US: 24,000 |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''Gidan gado'' | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 1'' * An saki: Yuni 1, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | rowspan="2" | * CHN: 2,741,096 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Lit |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021171834/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> |- | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 2'' * An saki shi: 21 ga Yuli, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" |''Mai gabatarwa'' | * An saki shi: Fabrairu 5, 2021 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |''Mataki'' | * An saki shi: 14 ga Yuni, 2024 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | * CHN: 555,000 <small>{{Abbr|(dig.)|Digital albums}}</small> |- ! scope="row" |''Dutse fadar sama'' | * An saki shi: Satumba 7, 2025 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} | |- | colspan="10" style="font-size:8pt;" |" - " yana nuna sakin da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba a saki su a wannan yankin ba. |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> myv1vc5flc2k6mnl1b1kk8dfsv89zou 915920 915698 2026-09-04T01:47:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 915920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Mawakin kasar Sin Lay Zhang (Zhang Yixing) ya fitar da Kundin studio guda shida, wasanni biyar, guda talatin da kuma sauti guda biyar. A watan Mayu 2016, ya fitar da sautin sa na farko da ake kira "Monodrama" don aikin Station.[1] Zhang ya fara bugawa a hukumance a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2016, tare da sakin waƙar "What U Need?". [2] [3][4] An saki wasan sa na farko, mai taken Lose Control, a ranar 28 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar. [5][6][7] EP ta kasance nasarar kasuwanci, ta kai lamba 1 a kan Gaon Album Chart kuma ta sanya ta bakwai a cikin jerin kundin da aka fi sayarwa na 2016. [8] == Albums == === Kundin studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Jerin kundin studio, tare da bayanan da aka zaɓa da matsayi na ginshiƙi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Taken ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Bayani ! colspan="5" scope="col" |Matsayi mafi girma ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Sayarwa |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |KOR<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA Dig.<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |JPN<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |USWorld<nowiki><br id="mwXQ"></nowiki><br /> |- ! scope="row" |''Lay 02 Tumaki'' | * An saki shi: 7 ga Oktoba, 2017 * Alamomi: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo |10 | - |7 | - |2 | * CHN: 1,008,000 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales of ''SHEEP'' |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/49/ |access-date=February 7, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * KOR: 22,768 * JPN: 770 <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2017 |title=Oricon Ranking Weekly - October Week 3 |url=http://theqoo.net/index.php?mid=japan&category=26063&page=2&document_srl=598309096 |website=Oricon Style |publisher=Oricon Inc. |language=ja}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |''Namanana'' | * An saki shi: 19 ga Oktoba, 2018 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: CD, sauke dijital, yawo | - |161 | - |21 |1 | * CHN: 1,180,208 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Namanana |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024110058/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/19/ |archive-date=October 24, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> * US: 24,000 |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |''Gidan gado'' | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 1'' * An saki: Yuni 1, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | rowspan="2" | * CHN: 2,741,096 (ƙididdiga) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cumulative sales for Lit |url=http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021171834/http://y.saoju.net/szzj/album/381/ |archive-date=October 21, 2021 |access-date=February 28, 2022}}</ref> |- | * ''Rubuce-rubuce na Lit. 2'' * An saki shi: 21 ga Yuli, 2020 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" |''Mai gabatarwa'' | * An saki shi: Fabrairu 5, 2021 * Alamar: SM, Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | |- ! scope="row" |''Mataki'' | * An saki shi: 14 ga Yuni, 2024 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | - | - | - | - | - | * CHN: 555,000 <small>{{Abbr|(dig.)|Digital albums}}</small> |- ! scope="row" |''Dutse fadar sama'' | * An saki shi: Satumba 7, 2025 * Alamar: Zhang Yixing Studio * Tsarin: sauke dijital, yawo | {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} || {{TBA}} | |- | colspan="10" style="font-size:8pt;" |" - " yana nuna sakin da ba a tsara ba ko kuma ba a saki su a wannan yankin ba. |} == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> s2chjt2kqcrh9vvbs9blzsch8vefe1v 0 166236 915701 2026-09-03T18:27:12Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1314976434|Sunny Summer]]" 915701 wikitext text/x-wiki Sunny Summer wasa ne na musamman (EP) ta ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta Koriya ta Kudu [[GFriend]] . Ana tallata kundin a matsayin EP na farko na musamman na "summer". Source Music ce ta fitar da shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2018, kuma [[Kakao M|kakao M (tsohon LOEN Entertainment)]] ne ya rarraba shi. == Rubuce-rubuce == Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi biyar, gami da waƙar taken, "Sunny Summer," wanda Billboard ta bayyana kamar yana da "mai laushi, murya mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tsalle tare da waƙar, [waƙar] tana motsawa ta hanyar sautin murya mai sanyaya yayin da suke raira waƙa game da samun lokacin rani mai tunawa tare".   [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] tvutey96170jxfp75oxtc0yozin8z0a 915702 915701 2026-09-03T18:30:28Z Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu 14681 915702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sunny S == ==== Heading text ==== == ummer wasa ne na musamman (EP) ta ƙungiyar 'yan mata ta Koriya ta Kudu [[GFriend]] . Ana tallata kundin a matsayin EP na farko na musamman na "summer". Source Music ce ta fitar da shi a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 2018, kuma [[Kakao M|kakao M (tsohon LOEN Entertainment)]] ne ya rarraba shi. == Rubuce-rubuce == Kundin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi biyar, gami da waƙar taken, "Sunny Summer," wanda Billboard ta bayyana kamar yana da "mai laushi, murya mai ban sha'awa wanda ke tsalle tare da waƙar, [waƙar] tana motsawa ta hanyar sautin murya mai sanyaya yayin da suke raira waƙa game da samun lokacin rani mai tunawa tare".   [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] q8cfvbhmb783z9oxh3rc5727fyva7vo 0 166237 915726 2026-09-03T19:08:02Z Baffa ali 47435 Sabon shafi: Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin t... 915726 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] 0nvaa0x3nyjrawx65xoytiblbv9l8ts 915727 915726 2026-09-03T19:08:45Z Baffa ali 47435 915727 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == r0xsgm0ozl4jyvi8pic8xmq19e2mk5m 915728 915727 2026-09-03T19:09:06Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihi */ 915728 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] goiocp8grwqt34dnicamvar4o977wmb 915729 915728 2026-09-03T19:09:35Z Baffa ali 47435 915729 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== jhndi1lbrec2zhmx4q139ke9agit913 915730 915729 2026-09-03T19:09:58Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ilimi */ 915730 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida, kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . 6fjpsjf5eg3iildt25odoq5mg24477k 915731 915730 2026-09-03T19:10:38Z Baffa ali 47435 915731 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida, kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== c8gzfms7m68j9y6mal1eyal71ltydtp 915732 915731 2026-09-03T19:11:19Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ayyuka */ 915732 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida, kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] g9m3zk0rstfls066y7u14yg3ce9w4jw 915733 915732 2026-09-03T19:15:44Z Baffa ali 47435 915733 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] fuv06yedf27gwz5kqkt03ooouz5jmqg 915734 915733 2026-09-03T19:17:07Z Baffa ali 47435 915734 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== hxy5jf0arpnxpbo9yblhctdiul8hqw7 915735 915734 2026-09-03T19:18:55Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Daraja da kyaututtuka */ 915735 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. drgcd0yn3khu1m347y3hr2mdhhggx1m 915736 915735 2026-09-03T19:19:52Z Baffa ali 47435 915736 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, kimiyyar sinadarai, kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== mb61fjykux4hn9hona4wdhn7uca1qix 915737 915736 2026-09-03T19:22:52Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Takardar shaidar ƙwararru */ 915737 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== h5xwtm0nrak1i4etv5qp37z3rd9m9x1 915738 915737 2026-09-03T19:24:03Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Takardar shaidar ƙwararru */ 915738 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. 9sxbk51hfphjrlyjqdfxk7pymn2i1sa 915739 915738 2026-09-03T19:25:02Z Baffa ali 47435 915739 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== 5ixbfidnpgv5lkhtosvcyysf3jpcsr3 915740 915739 2026-09-03T19:25:42Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kanada */ 915740 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. hhzaba9e908b05qktssw6blnyrir4rs 915741 915740 2026-09-03T19:26:48Z Baffa ali 47435 915741 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== t0hrmlo7hhxd81c3me9l02bzi86mke8 915742 915741 2026-09-03T19:27:28Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Afirka ta Kudu */ 915742 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. 91fkqi1m7xgphbkp4rprrclls824i0w 915743 915742 2026-09-03T19:28:49Z Baffa ali 47435 915743 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== pjkn8ico4x1uyboqnd7pzwphp498wfo 915744 915743 2026-09-03T19:29:22Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru */ 915744 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . np6taoumw71qdyw7bhfdy8o5l582efe 915745 915744 2026-09-03T19:30:32Z Baffa ali 47435 915745 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== p99z8rba9g07138jw1aqcorqcvxxgv5 915746 915745 2026-09-03T19:31:10Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Duba kuma */ 915746 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru lrfvoue41whmxhsgi6tyd0lzmg7vzrd 915747 915746 2026-09-03T19:31:40Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Duba kuma */ 915747 wikitext text/x-wiki Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru kt80zzq5agqaj13uttlabmg8jnv7pbs 915748 915747 2026-09-03T19:32:47Z Baffa ali 47435 915748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. [1] [2] Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru mywxg3n98sdu48a5cgsqo21i9m5fz1m 915749 915748 2026-09-03T19:34:21Z Umar Muhammad Gwanki 14836 915749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). [1] [2] [3] ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru ii3wmd9iz5v7o219qvpmkwmeoelvlxx 915750 915749 2026-09-03T19:34:54Z Umar Muhammad Gwanki 14836 915750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. [1]Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru gdle2sjay9whwf5atiny8kz9fct9yrm 915751 915750 2026-09-03T19:35:16Z Umar Muhammad Gwanki 14836 915751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar 1901 ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru at9938ywb9f3w5a7d9vmr2y6n9kfs13 915828 915751 2026-09-03T21:46:08Z Baby juuu 38856 /* Daraja da kyaututtuka */ 915828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanin kimiyyar lissafi masanin kimiyya ne wanda ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wanda ya ƙunshi hulɗar abubuwa da kuzari a kowane tsayi da tsawon lokaci a cikin sararin samaniyar zahiri. Masana kimiyyar lissafi gabaɗaya suna da sha'awar tushen ko kuma musabbabin abubuwan da ke haifar da abubuwan da ke faruwa, kuma galibi suna tsara fahimtarsu ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin lissafi. Suna aiki a fannoni daban-daban na bincike, waɗanda suka shafi dukkan ma'aunin tsayi: daga kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙasa da ta barbashi, ta hanyar kimiyyar halittu, zuwa ma'aunin tsawon sararin samaniya wanda ya ƙunshi sararin samaniya gaba ɗaya. Fannin gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan masana kimiyyar lissafi guda biyu: masana kimiyyar lissafi na gwaji waɗanda suka ƙware a lura da abubuwan da suka faru na halitta da haɓaka da nazarin gwaje-gwaje, da kuma masana kimiyyar lissafi waɗanda suka ƙware a cikin ƙirar lissafi na tsarin jiki don yin tunani, bayyanawa da kuma hasashen abubuwan da suka faru na halitta. Masana kimiyyar lissafi za su iya amfani da iliminsu wajen magance matsalolin aiki ko kuma haɓaka sabbin fasahohi (wanda kuma aka sani da kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar injiniya ). ==Tarihi == Nazarin da kuma aiwatar da kimiyyar lissafi ya dogara ne akan wani tsani na ilimi na gano abubuwa da fahimta tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu. Yawancin ra'ayoyin lissafi da na zahiri da ake amfani da su a yau sun sami farkon bayyanar su a cikin ayyukan tsoffin wayewar wayewa, kamar masana ilmin taurari na Babila da injiniyoyin Masar, masana falsafa na Girka na kimiyya da lissafi kamar Thales na Miletus, Euclid a cikin Ptolemaic Egypt, Archimedes na Syracuse da Aristarchus na Samos . Tushen ya samo asali ne a cikin tsoffin al'adun Asiya kamar Indiya da China, musamman zamanin Musulunci na tsakiyar zamani, wanda ya ga ci gaban hanyoyin kimiyya wanda ya jaddada gwaji, kamar aikin Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) a ƙarni na 11. Za a iya cewa ra'ayin kimiyya na zamani da kuma mafi yawan ilimin kimiyyar lissafi sun samo asali ne daga juyin juya halin kimiyya a Turai, wanda ya fara da aikin masanin ilmin taurari Nicolaus Copernicus wanda ya kai ga kimiyyar Galileo Galilei da Johannes Kepler a farkon shekarun 1600. Christiaan Huygens ya ƙara haɓaka aikin kan makanikai, tare da tsarin lissafi na tsarin jiki, kuma ya ƙare da dokokin motsi na Newton da dokar nauyi ta duniya ta Newton a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Binciken gwaje-gwaje na Faraday da ka'idar Maxwell ta lissafin lantarki sun kasance manyan abubuwan ci gaba a ƙarni na 19. Masana kimiyyar lissafi da yawa sun ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban makanikan kwantum a farkon ƙarni zuwa tsakiyar karni na 20. Sabon ilimi a farkon karni na 21 ya haɗa da ƙaruwa mai yawa a fahimtar kimiyyar sararin samaniya ta zahiri .An raba nazarin yanayi mai faɗi da na gabaɗaya, falsafar yanayi, zuwa fannoni da dama a ƙarni na 19, lokacin da manufar "kimiyya" ta sami siffar zamani. An samu takamaiman rukunoni, kamar "ilimin halittu" da "masanin halittu", "ilimin kimiyyar lissafi" da "masanin kimiyyar lissafi", "kimiyya" da "masanin kimiyyar sinadarai", da sauran fannoni da lakabi na fasaha. [1] William Whewell (wanda shi ma ya fara amfani da kalmar "masanin kimiyya") ne ya ƙirƙiro kalmar kimiyyar lissafi a cikin littafinsa na 1840 mai suna The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences . [2] ==Ilimi== Manhajar karatun digiri na farko ta fannin kimiyyar lissafi ta ƙunshi makanikai na gargajiya, wutar lantarki da maganadisu, makanikai na kwantum, na gani, dangantaka, makanikai na kididdiga da na thermodynamics, da kuma ƙwarewar dakin gwaje-gwaje. [1] [2] [3] Ɗaliban kimiyyar lissafi kuma suna buƙatar horo a fannin lissafi ( lisculus, differential equations, linear algebra, complex analysis, da sauransu), da kuma a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta .Duk wani matsayi na aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi yana buƙatar aƙalla digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kimiyyar lissafi mai amfani, yayin da zaɓuɓɓukan aiki ke faɗaɗa tare da digiri na biyu kamar MSc, MPhil, MPhys ko MSci. [1]Ga ayyukan da suka shafi bincike, ɗalibai suna aiki don samun digirin digirgir wanda ya ƙware a wani fanni na musamman. Fagagen ƙwarewa sun haɗa da kimiyyar taurari ta gwaji da ta ka'ida kimiyyar atomic, kimiyyar biophysics, • kimiyyar sinadarai, • kimiyyar lissafi mai, rikitarwa, ilimin sararin samaniya, kimiyyar ƙasa, kimiyyar nauyi, kimiyyar abu, kimiyyar lissafi ta likitanci, kimiyyar lantarki ta microelectronics, kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta, kimiyyar nukiliya, kimiyyar gani, kimiyyar barbashi, kimiyyar plasma, kimiyyar bayanai ta quantum, da kuma kimiyyar rediyo . ==Ayyuka== Manyan ma'aikata guda uku na fannin kimiyyar lissafi sune cibiyoyin ilimi, dakunan gwaje-gwaje, da masana'antu masu zaman kansu, inda babban ma'aikaci shine na ƙarshe. Masana kimiyyar lissafi a fannin ilimi ko dakunan gwaje-gwaje na gwamnati galibi suna da mukamai kamar Mataimaka, Farfesa, Sr./Jr. Masanin kimiyya, ko kuma mai digiri na biyu . Kamar yadda Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Amurka ta bayyana, kusan kashi 20% na sabbin digirin digirgir na fannin kimiyyar lissafi suna da ayyuka a shirye-shiryen haɓaka injiniya, yayin da kashi 14% ke komawa ga manhajar kwamfuta kuma kusan kashi 11% suna cikin kasuwanci/ilimi. [1] Yawancin masana kimiyyar lissafi da ake aiki da su suna amfani da ƙwarewarsu da horonsu a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi (misali kuɗi [2] ). [3]Lakabin ayyukan da ake bai wa ƙwararrun masana kimiyyar lissafi sun haɗa da Masanin Kimiyyar Noma, Mai Kula da Sufurin Sama, Masanin Biophysics, Mai Shirye- shiryen Kwamfuta, Injiniyan Lantarki, Masanin Muhalli, Masanin Geophysics, Masanin Lissafin Likitanci, Masanin Yanayi, Masanin Teku, Malamin Fiziki / Farfesa / Mai Bincike, Masanin Bincike, Masanin Lissafin Reactor, Masanin Injiniya, Masanin Lissafin Injiniya, Masanin Ayyukan Tauraron Dan Adam, Marubucin Kimiyya, Masanin Stratigrapher, Injiniyan Software, Injiniyan Tsarin, Injiniyan Microelectronics, Mai Haɓaka Radar, Mai Ba da Shawara kan Fasaha, da sauransu [1] [2] [3] [4]Yawancin waɗanda ke da digirin farko a fannin Physics suna aiki ne a ɓangaren masu zaman kansu. Sauran fannoni sun haɗa da jami'o'i, ayyukan gwamnati da na soja, ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, dakunan gwaje-gwaje da koyarwa. [1]Ayyukan da masana kimiyyar lissafi ke yi a fanninsu na digiri na biyu da na uku (masters) sun haɗa da bincike, lura da nazari, shirya bayanai, kayan aiki, ƙira da haɓaka kayan aikin masana'antu ko na likitanci, haɓaka kwamfuta da software, da sauransu [1] ==Daraja da kyaututtuka== Mafi girman girmamawa da ake bai wa masana kimiyyar lissafi ita ce kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, wadda aka bayar tun daga shekarar (1901) ta Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences . [1] Ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki na ƙasa suna da kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da yawa don samun karramawa ta ƙwararru. A fannin American Physical Society, ya zuwa shekarar 2023, akwai kyaututtuka 25 daban-daban da kyaututtuka 33 daban-daban a fagen. ==Takardar shaidar ƙwararru== Masanin Lissafi Mai Haƙƙin mallaka (CPhys) matsayi ne na haƙƙin mallaka kuma takardar shaidar ƙwarewa ce da Cibiyar Lissafi ke bayarwa. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar sunayen bayan suna "CPhys".Samun matsayi mai daraja a kowace sana'a yana nufin ga al'umma baki ɗaya akwai babban matakin ilimi na musamman da ƙwarewa a fannin aiki. A cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi, waɗanda suka sami kyautar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (CPhys) sun nuna "mafi girman matsayin ƙwarewa, ƙwarewa ta zamani, inganci da aminci" tare da "ikon yin aiki mai zaman kansa da kuma jagoranci mai zaman kansa" da kuma "jajircewa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ilimi da kuma ƙarin tsammanin da buƙatun da kowace sana'a dole ne ta ɗauki alhakinsu".Ana ɗaukar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin daidai yake da Injiniyan da aka ba shi matsayi, wanda IoP kuma ke bayarwa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Injiniya ta Burtaniya, da sauran matsayi na haya a Burtaniya. Ana kuma ɗaukarta a matsayin "sana'a mai tsari" a ƙarƙashin umarnin cancantar ƙwararru na Turai. ==Kanada== Ƙungiyar Masana Ilimin Lissafi ta Kanada za ta iya naɗa wani matsayi a hukumance mai suna Ƙwararren Masanin Lissafi ( P. Phys. ), [1] makamancin naɗin Injiniyan Ƙwararren (P. Eng.). An bayyana wannan matsayi a taron CAP a shekarar 1999 kuma mutane sama da 200 ne suka nuna wannan matsayi.Domin samun takardar shaidar, dole ne a bayar da aƙalla takardar shaidar girmamawa ta farko ko digiri mafi girma a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko kuma wani fanni mai alaƙa da hakan. Haka kuma, dole ne masanin kimiyyar lissafi ya kammala, ko kuma ya kusa kammala, shekaru uku na ƙwarewar aiki da ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi bayan kammala karatunsa. Kuma, sai dai idan an keɓe shi, dole ne a ci jarrabawar ƙwararru. Ana iya ba wa ɗan takarar da ya yi aikin kimiyyar lissafi na tsawon akalla shekaru bakwai keɓewa, sannan ya ba da cikakken bayani game da nasarorin da ya samu a sana'arsa, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa jarrabawar ba ta da mahimmanci.Za a yi la'akari da ƙwarewar aiki a matsayin wacce ta shafi kimiyyar lissafi idan ta yi amfani da kimiyyar lissafi kai tsaye ko kuma ta yi amfani da hanyoyin tunani (kamar hanyar magance matsaloli) da aka haɓaka a cikin ilimin ku ko ƙwarewar ku a matsayin masanin kimiyyar lissafi, a duk yanayi ba tare da la'akari da ko ƙwarewar tana cikin jami'a, masana'antu, gwamnati, ko wani wuri ba. Gudanar da aikin da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi ya cancanta, haka nan kuma aikin ɗalibi mai digiri na biyu ya dace. ==Afirka ta Kudu== Cibiyar Nazarin Lissafi ta Afirka ta Kudu kuma tana ba da takardar shaidar ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar lissafi (Pr.Phys). [1] Aƙalla, mai shi dole ne ya mallaki digiri na farko na shekaru uku ko digiri daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru shida a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na Daraja ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru biyar a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; ko digiri na biyu ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa da shi da ƙarin ƙwarewar shekaru uku a cikin wani aiki da ya shafi kimiyyar lissafi; digiri na uku ko daidai a fannin kimiyyar lissafi ko wani fanni mai alaƙa; ko horo ko gogewa wanda, a ra'ayin Majalisar, yayi daidai da kowane ɗayan da ke sama. ==Ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru== Masana kimiyyar lissafi na iya zama memba na wata al'umma ta zahiri ta ƙasa ko yanki. Ƙungiyoyin jiki galibi suna buga mujallu na kimiyya, shirya tarurrukan kimiyyar lissafi da kuma bayar da kyaututtuka ga gudummawar da suka bayar a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. Wasu misalan al'ummomin zahiri sune Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Amurka, Cibiyar Lissafi, inda tsohuwar ƙungiyar jiki ta Jamusawa ita ce Ƙungiyar Jiki ta Jamusawa . ==Duba kuma== Jerin Masana kimiyyar lissafi • Masanin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙwarewa • Kyautar Nobel a fannin kimiyyar lissafi • Aikin Manhattan • Shirin Tsaron Dabaru 7v9q3pv6jkbcx05d15aqfo3zce0bza1 0 166238 915753 2026-09-03T20:11:34Z Baffa ali 47435 Sabon shafi: Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da guda... 915753 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] 51uq6pqss3hbid93l1qp1o3vyz9bol7 915754 915753 2026-09-03T20:12:10Z Baffa ali 47435 915754 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== qxnozjn3xl78rtl6szuxtfvn98fhgu6 915755 915754 2026-09-03T20:12:31Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Tarihi */ 915755 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] q2pz19ni8dsai81dw1ergr5d6aip6w4 915757 915755 2026-09-03T20:13:23Z Baffa ali 47435 915757 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== d11mexjndhe8jazfx48lstblhobuv5v 915758 915757 2026-09-03T20:14:19Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Shugabanci */ 915758 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] 1fa391fv8a58slsur9eivw9b2ojkjp8 915759 915758 2026-09-03T20:15:04Z Baffa ali 47435 915759 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== q0vlsq9r707jt3uta6nuxqmuxpn1lvu 915760 915759 2026-09-03T20:15:39Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Shugabanni */ 915760 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai oyh89mw380lep9g8rma2t642pnlpe5k 915761 915760 2026-09-03T20:16:11Z Baffa ali 47435 915761 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== 382zqo7d95cm19zfipmjkj13fto552o 915762 915761 2026-09-03T20:17:20Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Shugabannin */ 915762 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] p42rm450zu62upuzfyxxs435dx6ca5g 915763 915762 2026-09-03T20:19:00Z Baffa ali 47435 915763 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== 10uzbguppqgwuixfymcq5rbs24x6a22 915764 915763 2026-09-03T20:19:41Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda */ 915764 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] pf56dhg12ipxy2vbd4qxmka4b3zlpey 915766 915764 2026-09-03T20:21:03Z Baffa ali 47435 915766 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idodi== dtfenoievs6t02mqi1ql0aphewr7mxv 915767 915766 2026-09-03T20:22:09Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Dokoki da ƙa'idodi */ 915767 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] 4zyt4q236r4735ydse77rqqdkjic3w6 915768 915767 2026-09-03T20:23:38Z Baffa ali 47435 915768 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== 77wenp4qg23hi6h3pih6ae7ec5vkipx 915769 915768 2026-09-03T20:24:09Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Jima'i */ 915769 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1] 6po653hiwxba1mkeral8nxa50em6bnl 915770 915769 2026-09-03T20:25:10Z Baffa ali 47435 915770 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1] ==Kayan aiki== jteqol119x9jxbg2jfii5nthiznqaav 915771 915770 2026-09-03T20:26:43Z Baffa ali 47435 /* Kayan aiki */ 915771 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1] ==Kayan aiki== Haramta tufafi, takalma da sauran kayan aiki da ke ba da fa'ida mara kyau. Kamar matsakaicin tsayin tari na 40 mm da iyakance takalma zuwa farantin tauri ɗaya ga kowace takalma don tseren marathon. [1]Wuraren wasanni da aka tabbatarHukumar Wasannin Duniya tana ba da takaddun shaida na amincewa ga wuraren wasannin motsa jiki: Aji na 1, Aji na 2 da kuma na cikin gida. [1] Domin samun takardar shaida, ana buƙatar wuraren da za su gabatar da rahotannin aunawa na wuraren da za su yi atisaye da kuma filin wasa.Wuraren Aji 1 suna da cikakken takardar shaida tare da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a wurinsu na ainihin saman filin wasan roba, yayin da wuraren Aji 2 ke tabbatar da cewa saman roba yana da ingantaccen Takardar Shaidar Samfura (daga kamfanin kera saman filin wasan roba mai izini) kuma wurin ya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don auna daidai da ke cikin Dokokin Wasannin Duniya da Dokokin Wasanni. fs6krbb3ibeurygtdopwaslq9b6q6ck 915772 915771 2026-09-03T20:27:43Z Baffa ali 47435 915772 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1] ==Kayan aiki== Haramta tufafi, takalma da sauran kayan aiki da ke ba da fa'ida mara kyau. Kamar matsakaicin tsayin tari na 40 mm da iyakance takalma zuwa farantin tauri ɗaya ga kowace takalma don tseren marathon. [1]Wuraren wasanni da aka tabbatarHukumar Wasannin Duniya tana ba da takaddun shaida na amincewa ga wuraren wasannin motsa jiki: Aji na 1, Aji na 2 da kuma na cikin gida. [1] Domin samun takardar shaida, ana buƙatar wuraren da za su gabatar da rahotannin aunawa na wuraren da za su yi atisaye da kuma filin wasa.Wuraren Aji 1 suna da cikakken takardar shaida tare da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a wurinsu na ainihin saman filin wasan roba, yayin da wuraren Aji 2 ke tabbatar da cewa saman roba yana da ingantaccen Takardar Shaidar Samfura (daga kamfanin kera saman filin wasan roba mai izini) kuma wurin ya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don auna daidai da ke cikin Dokokin Wasannin Duniya da Dokokin Wasanni. ==Gasassun gasa== mttfciaugfso3huifmzzun3o2plq507 915773 915772 2026-09-03T20:29:41Z Baffa ali 47435 915773 wikitext text/x-wiki Wasannin Duniya ( WA ), wanda a da aka fi sani da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Duniya ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa, kuma a da aka rage mata suna da IAAF, ita ce hukumar da ke kula da wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya, wadda ta ƙunshi wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle, tsere a kan hanya, tafiya a kan dutse, da kuma gudu a kan dutse . A cikin ayyukanta, an haɗa da daidaita dokoki da ƙa'idoji don wasanni, ba da takardar shaidar wuraren wasanni, amincewa da gudanar da rikodin duniya, da kuma tsara da kuma amincewa da gasannin wasanni, gami da Gasar Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya . Shugaban ƙungiyar na yanzu shine Sebastian Coe na Burtaniya, wanda aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar na tsawon shekaru huɗu a shekarar 2015, kuma an sake zaɓe shi sau biyu a shekarar 2019 da 2023 don ƙarin wa'adi biyu na shekaru huɗu. [1] [2] ==Tarihi== Tsarin kafa wasannin motsa jiki na duniya ya fara ne a Stockholm, Sweden, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1912, jim kaɗan bayan kammala gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1912 a wannan birnin. A wannan taron, wakilai 27 daga ƙungiyoyin ƙasa 17 sun amince su haɗu a wani babban taro da aka yi a Berlin, Jamus, a shekara mai zuwa, wanda Sigfrid Edström zai jagoranta, wanda zai zama shugaban farko na ƙungiyar. Majalisar dokoki ta 1913 ta kammala kafa abin da a wancan lokacin ake kira da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Amateur ta Duniya (IAAF). [1] [2] [3]Hedikwatarta tana Stockholm daga 1912 zuwa 1946, a Landan daga 1946 zuwa 1993, sannan daga baya ta koma wurin da take a yanzu a Monaco .A shekarar 1926, IAAF ta kafa kwamiti don tsara dukkan wasannin ƙwallo da ake yi da hannu, ciki har da ƙwallon kwando da ƙwallon hannu . Daga baya, an kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Hannu ta Masu Koyo ta Duniya a shekarar 1928, kuma aka kafa Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Kwando ta Duniya a shekarar 1932.Tun daga shekarar 1982, hukumar IAAF ta zartar da wasu gyare-gyare ga dokokinta domin bai wa 'yan wasa damar samun diyya saboda shiga gasar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, ƙungiyar ta riƙe kalmar 'yan wasa a cikin sunanta har zuwa taronta na 2001, inda ta canza sunanta zuwa Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Wasanni. A watan Yunin 2019, ƙungiyar ta zaɓi sake suna zuwa Gasar Wasannin Duniya, tare da fara fitar da 'yan wasa bayan Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 2019 a Doha . [1]Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta zama hukuma ta ƙarshe a cikin Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Wasannin Olympics na bazara da ta baiyana rahotannin kuɗinta a bainar jama'a a shekarar 2020, bayan da aka sake yin roƙon. Ta bayyana cewa kungiyar tana da kudaden shiga kusan dala miliyan 200 a tsawon shekaru hudu na gasar Olympics, kuma kusan kashi biyar cikin biyar na kudaden shiga sun fito ne daga 'yancin watsa shirye-shiryen wasannin Olympics. Rahotannin sun nuna gibin da aka samu a kowace shekara ta 2017 da 2018, wanda ya kai kimanin dala miliyan 20 na Amurka. Haka kuma ta nuna cewa ta dogara sosai kan haɗin gwiwarta da kamfanin tallan Japan Dentsu, wanda ya kai rabin kuɗin shiga na shekarar 2018. Ta kuma yi nuni da ajiyar da ta kai dala miliyan 45 a ƙarshen shekarar 2018, wanda zai ba ƙungiyar damar ci gaba da kasancewa cikin shiri duk da jinkiri da aka samu a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2020 saboda annobar COVID-19 . [1] [2] Ana bikin Ranar Wasanni ta Duniya a ranar 7 ga Mayu.A shekarar 2022, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta sanya takunkumi ga Tarayyar Kasashen Rasha da Belarus saboda mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Ukraine, kuma an cire dukkan 'yan wasa, ma'aikatan tallafi, da jami'ai daga Rasha da Belarus daga dukkan wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba, kuma an cire 'yan wasan Rasha da suka sami matsayin ANA na 2022 daga wasannin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na nan gaba. [1] Majalisar Wasannin Duniya ta kuma sanya takunkumi kan Hukumar Wasannin Belarus, ciki har da hana ta karbar bakuncin duk wani taron wasanni na kasa da kasa ko na Turai, wakilci a Majalisa ko kuma a cikin shawarwarin da ke buƙatar kuri'un Majalisa, shigar da ma'aikatanta cikin shirye-shirye, da kuma amincewa da halartar duk wani taron [2]A shekarar 2024, an yi watsi da buƙatun dakatar da 'yan wasan Isra'ila irin wannan saboda yaƙin Gaza, inda aka ce suna son kasancewa tsaka-tsaki a siyasance, yayin da har yanzu aka haramta wa 'yan wasan tsere na Rasha da Belarus, wanda hakan ya hana su shiga gasar Olympics ta 2024 da za a yi a Paris a wakiltar ƙasashensu. [1] [2] [3] ==Shugabanci== Shugaban ƙasa ne ke jagorantar gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya. Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya tana da jimillar membobi 26 da aka zaɓa, waɗanda suka haɗa da shugaba ɗaya, mataimakan shugabanni huɗu (ɗaya daga cikinsu babba ne), shugabannin ƙungiyoyi shida na yankuna, membobi biyu na Hukumar 'Yan wasa, da kuma membobi 13 na Majalisar. Ana zaɓen kowanne memba na Majalisar na tsawon shekaru huɗu ta Majalisar Wasannin Duniya, taron da ake yi sau biyu a shekara, wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar, Membobin Girmamawa, da kuma wakilai har uku daga kowace ƙungiyar mambobi ta ƙasa. [1] Majalisa kuma tana zaɓen shugabanni da membobin Kwamitoci, waɗanda ke kula da ayyukan ƙwararru. Akwai kwamitoci guda huɗu: Kwamitin Ƙasashen Waje, Kwamitin Tafiya a Tsere, Kwamitin Fasaha, da kuma Kwamitin Mata. [2] An ƙaddamar da wasu kwamitoci uku a shekarar 2019: Ci gaba, Shugabanci da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya. [3] An bayyana tsarin shugabanci a cikin Kundin Tsarin Wasannin Duniya, wanda Majalisa za ta iya yi wa kwaskwarima. [4]Majalisar Wasanni ta Duniya ta nada babban jami'i (Shugaba), wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin wasanni da kuma muradun kasuwanci na kungiyar. An ƙirƙiri wannan matsayi kuma an haɗa shi da matsayin Babban Sakataren da ya kasance a baya. An naɗa tsohon ɗan wasa kuma ɗan kasuwa ɗan Birtaniya Jon Ridgeon a matsayin sabon shugaban ƙungiyar a watan Disamba na 2018. [1] Olivier Gers shine mutum na farko da ya riƙe wannan muƙami a hukumance a shekarar 2016, inda ya maye gurbin shugaban riƙo/Sakatare Janar Jean Gracia . [2]Domin bai wa 'yan wasa masu himma damar yin magana a kan yadda za su tafiyar da harkokin wasanni, Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta kafa Hukumar 'Yan Wasanni. Wasu 'yan wasa ne ke zaɓen 'yan wasa a hukumar, waɗanda galibi ake gudanarwa a taron da aka haɗa da Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya. Shugaban hukumar da wani ɗan wasa na jinsi daban-daban an ba su haƙƙin kaɗa ƙuri'a a Majalisar. An gudanar da zaɓen ƙarshe a watan Oktoba na 2019 a Gasar Wasannin Wasannin Duniya ta 2019. [1]Bayan batutuwan shan ƙwayoyi da cin hanci da rashawa, an amince da Dokar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2013 kuma an naɗa Hukumar Ɗabi'a a shekarar 2014. [1] Majalisar tana naɗa shugaba daga cikin zaɓaɓɓun membobin, sannan kuma shugaban ya naɗa mataimakin shugaba. [2] An takaita ikon Hukumar Da'a a shekarar 2017 ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Sashen Integrity na Wasanni mai zaman kansa, wanda Brett Clothier na Ostiraliya ke jagoranta, don kula da batutuwan ɗabi'a da koke-koke a duk faɗin ƙasar. [3]Gidauniyar Wasannin Duniya wata kungiya ce ta agaji da ke da alaƙa da Wasannin Wasannin Duniya wadda ke shiga cikin ayyuka da shirye-shirye don haɓaka wasan. Albert na Biyu, Yariman Monaco shi ne Shugaban Ƙasa Mai Girma kuma Shugaban Wasannin Duniya ne ke riƙe da muƙamin Shugaban IAF. [1] An ƙirƙiri sashen Tarihin Wasannin Duniya a shekarar 2018 don kula da kayayyakin tarihi da kuma nuna su ta hanyar wani gidan tarihi da ke Monaco, wani gidan tarihi na intanet, da kuma wani baje kolin tafiye-tafiye. Sashen kuma yana fitar da Takardun Tarihi na Wasannin Duniya don tunawa da wuraren da suka shafi tarihi ga wasan. [2] ==Shugabanni== Sanya Sakin layi • Ɗan Wasa Na Maza Na Shekara • 'Yar Wasa Mata Ta Shekara • Kyautar Tauraron Maza Masu Tashi • Kyautar Tauraruwar Mata Masu Tashi • Kyautar Nasarar Koyarwa • Kyautar Aiki Mai Kyau • Kyautar Mata • Kyautar Shugaban Ƙasa • Hotunan Wasanni na ShekaraMembobin da ke akwai ==Shugabannin== Haɗin gwiwar yanki Gasar motsa jiki ta Duniya tana da jimillar ƙungiyoyi 214 da ke da mambobi a cikinta, waɗanda aka raba zuwa ƙungiyoyi 6. [1] [2] ==Ƙungiyoyin abokan hudda== Tun daga ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015: [1] ==Dokoki da ƙa'idoji== Domin baiwa 'yan wasa masu shekaru daban-daban damar fafatawa da 'yan wasa masu irin wannan ƙwarewa, ana ci gaba da kiyaye nau'ikan shekaru da dama. An bayyana ajin gasar da ba ta da iyaka ba a matsayin "babba". Ga ƙananan 'yan wasa, World Athletics tana shirya taruka ga 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 18 ko 19 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar) da kuma 'yan wasa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 ('yan wasa 'yan shekara 16 ko 17 a ranar 31 ga Disamba na shekarar gasar), waɗanda a tarihi ake kira "ƙananan" da "matasa", bi da bi. [1] Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matasa 'yan shekara 35 ce ke shirya ta a gasar Masters ta Duniya kuma an raba ta zuwa rukuni-rukuni na shekaru biyar.Yin amfani da kwayoyi masu kara kuzariƘungiyar ta sanya hannu kan Dokar Yaƙi da Shan Doping ta Duniya ta Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Doping kuma tana amfani da takunkumi ga 'yan wasa, masu horarwa da sauran 'yan wasa waɗanda suka karya dokar ta hanyar shan doping ko kuma hana duk wani matakin hana shan doping. [1] Har yanzu ana fuskantar matsala a wasannin motsa jiki na duniya saboda karuwar amfani da haramtattun kwayoyi da 'yan wasa ke yi domin inganta ayyukansu na motsa jiki. [2] Domin magance matsalar, ana buƙatar 'yan wasa da ke shiga wasanni su sanya hannu kan dokar Hukumar Yaƙi da Shan Ƙashi ta Duniya kuma ana yi musu gwajin fitsari ko jini bazuwar, wanda ke haifar da hukunci kamar dakatar da wasa, ko kuma dakatar da wasa har abada saboda karya doka. [3] ==Jima'i== Gasar wasannin motsa jiki ta matakin duniya galibi tana da bambancin jinsi, kuma Gasar Wasannin Duniya tana amfani da ƙa'idojin cancanta ga rukunin mata. Hukumar wasannin motsa jiki ta duniya tana da ƙa'idoji ga 'yan wasa masu jinsi daban-daban da kuma waɗanda suka canza jinsi . Bambance-bambancen ƙa'idojin ci gaban jima'i (DSD) sun shafi 'yan wasa waɗanda a bisa doka mata ne ko kuma mata masu jinsi ɗaya kuma suna da wani takamaiman yanayin jiki . 'Yan wasan DSD waɗanda aka halatta su zama mata ko kuma mata masu jinsi biyu, suna ƙarƙashin takamaiman ƙa'idodi idan suna da ƙwayoyin halittar maza na XY, ƙwai maimakon ƙwayoyin halittar ovaries, waɗanda ke yawo a cikin adadin maza na yau da kullun (7.7 zuwa 29.4 nmol/L), kuma suna da saurin kamuwa da androgen don haka jikinsu yana amfani da wannan testosterone. Hukumar Wasannin Duniya ta buƙaci duk wani ɗan wasa da ya rage matakin testosterone a cikin jininsa zuwa 5 nmol/L ko ƙasa da haka na tsawon watanni shida kafin ya cancanci shiga gasar ƙasa da ƙasa. [1]'Yan wasan da abin ya shafa sun kalubalanci dokokin a Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni (CAS), kodayake babu wani ɗan wasa da ya yi nasarar yin hakan. A watan Mayu na 2019, CAS ta amince da ƙa'idodin bisa ga cewa nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan wasan DSD ya yi daidai da tsarin da aka tsara don kiyaye damar shiga rukunin mata ga mafi yawan mata ba tare da DSDs ba. [1]A shekarar 2023, Hukumar Kula da Wasannin Motsa Jiki ta Duniya ta ƙara tsaurara ƙa'idojinta, inda ta cire mata masu canza jinsi waɗanda suka balaga daga shiga gasar mata. Sabbin ƙa'idojin sun kuma rage ƙa'idar testosterone ga 'yan wasan XY DSD masu saurin kamuwa da sinadarin androgen zuwa 2.5 nmol/L kuma sun tsawaita ƙa'idar don amfani ga duk wasannin mata, inda a da aka yi amfani da ita ne kawai don bin diddigin abubuwan da ke faruwa tsakanin 400. m da mil ɗaya. Shugaban wasannin motsa jiki na duniya Sebastian Coe ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mataki mai tsauri don kare rukunin mata a wasanninmu". [1] ==Kayan aiki== Haramta tufafi, takalma da sauran kayan aiki da ke ba da fa'ida mara kyau. Kamar matsakaicin tsayin tari na 40 mm da iyakance takalma zuwa farantin tauri ɗaya ga kowace takalma don tseren marathon. [1]Wuraren wasanni da aka tabbatarHukumar Wasannin Duniya tana ba da takaddun shaida na amincewa ga wuraren wasannin motsa jiki: Aji na 1, Aji na 2 da kuma na cikin gida. [1] Domin samun takardar shaida, ana buƙatar wuraren da za su gabatar da rahotannin aunawa na wuraren da za su yi atisaye da kuma filin wasa.Wuraren Aji 1 suna da cikakken takardar shaida tare da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi a wurinsu na ainihin saman filin wasan roba, yayin da wuraren Aji 2 ke tabbatar da cewa saman roba yana da ingantaccen Takardar Shaidar Samfura (daga kamfanin kera saman filin wasan roba mai izini) kuma wurin ya cika ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don auna daidai da ke cikin Dokokin Wasannin Duniya da Dokokin Wasanni. fs6krbb3ibeurygtdopwaslq9b6q6ck 0 166239 915775 2026-09-03T20:54:53Z Hussey833 41082 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372737742|Kenneth Hopper]]" 915775 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kenneth Hopper''' (Mayu 1926 - 20 ga Mayu 2019) ƙwararren masani ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland. Nazarinsa game da asalin al'adun kula da masana'antu na Amurka da tasirinsa kan kula da masana'antun Japan da sauran wurare bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya sami karɓuwa a duniya. Shi ne marubucin kasidu da dama na ilimi da na ƙwararru kan masana'antu da gudanarwa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ya auri Claire White Hopper, tsohon shugaban banki, kuma ya zauna a Hackettstown, New Jersey. Ɗan'uwansa, William Hopper, ma'aikacin banki ne, wanda ke zaune a Landan. An haifi Kenneth Hopper a [[Glasgow]], Scotland . Kenneth Hopper dan wani fitaccen farfesa ne na ilmin sunadarai na Scotland wanda ya girma a wani karamin gona a [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]] kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar ɗaki ɗaya ta hanyar makarantar sakandare. Kwarewar mahaifin, duk da haka, ya ba shi tallafin karatu a Royal Academy of Science a Dublin. Farfesa Hopper, kasancewar Irish ne, ba a yarda ya yi aiki a cikin Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] ba, don haka ya sami aiki a matsayin mai karatun digiri tare da Dyestuffs na Burtaniya (daga baya Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Sashe na nitroglycerine, inda ya yi aiki, an san shi da "ƙasar kujerun kafafu ɗaya," kamar yadda ba za a iya ba masu aiki da shuka damar kashewa ba da izinin sabon ruwa mai fashewa sosai don ya wuce zafi kuma ya fashe. Mahaifinsa, ban da ayyukansa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, ya kasance marubucin wani rubutu mai daraja game da ilmin sunadarai wanda har yanzu ake amfani dashi. Farfesa Hopper ya kuma jagoranci sashen Scotland na Society of Chemical Industry . Kenneth ya tuna tattaunawa da yawa game da masana'antar sunadarai a kusa da teburin iyali, musamman batutuwan da aka tayar game da ra'ayin mahaifinsa cewa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Haber a Jamus sun fi kowane shigarwa na Burtaniya. Wannan tambaya game da ingancin ingancin masana'antun kasashe daban-daban shine farkon fahimtar Kenneth Hopper. Bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, Kenneth Hopper ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2019 a gidansa a Hackettstown . Yawancin tarihinsa, suna yin rikodin tasirin Amurka akan farfadowar Japan, an ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Drucker a California. == Tushen Bincike na Kwarewa == Hopper ya halarci makarantun "na jama'a" a Glasgow, ya kammala a 1942. A lokacin kwaleji, ya yi aiki a lokacin rani a matsayin "mai neman kayan aiki" a cikin Cathcart Pump aiki da kuma wani a cikin G &amp;amp; J Weir - wani saurayi tare da karusar karusa yana ɗaukar sassa daga sassan da ke nesa, kamar yadda ya bayyana shi. Wannan kuma ya ba shi damar ziyartar wurare da yawa na ayyukan da kuma lura da matsalolin da manyan masana'antun ke fuskanta. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Glasgow, filin horo na farko na Burtaniya don fasaha. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1946, ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a Injiniyan Injiniya, Jami'ar Glasgow . Kafin kammala karatunsa, ya shiga horon jami'an siginar rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, amma lokacin da ya isa aiki a shekarar 1946, lokaci ya yi da za a wargaza rundunar sojojin Burtaniya bayan yakin duniya na biyu . Duk da haka, wannan ɗan gajeren hulɗa da duniyar na'urorin lantarki na rediyo ya haifar da sha'awa ga wannan fanni wanda ya shiga cikin nazarinsa na baya-bayan nan na Sashen Sadarwar Jama'a. Mamaya ta Amurka ta tsara waɗannan tarukan bayan yaƙi ga masana'antun kayan lantarki na Japan, domin akwai buƙatar ci gaba da sanar da al'ummar Japan game da ƙoƙarin sake gina Amurka bayan yaƙi a can. Mista Hopper ya kuma lura cewa kirkire-kirkire kamar radar, penicillin, da injin jet sun fito ne daga masu ƙirƙira na Ingila, amma kowannensu an mayar da shi wata ƙasa, galibi Amurka, don kera su. Wannan ya bayyana a fili a lokacin yakin lokacin da aka yi amfani da jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa don dawo da sassan zuwa Burtaniya wanda za a iya yin sa a masarautar tsibirin, labari mai ban tausayi na yakin ƙarƙashin ruwa da Hopper ya ji daga mai kula da P&G.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Gyaran radar daga na'urar daukar hoto mara jagora zuwa na'urar daukar hoto ta alkibla, misali, ya fito ne daga Bell Laboratories of Summit, New Jersey, Amurka.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Don haka, Hopper ya shiga matakin masana'antu na aikinsa da sanin yakamata game da buƙatar fahimtar yadda masana'antu ke haɓaka ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] 9p12mw8y885uvcpvpsfvvu3ef181miu 915776 915775 2026-09-03T20:57:38Z Hussey833 41082 915776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenneth Hopper''' (Mayu 1926 - 20 ga Mayu 2019) ƙwararren masani ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland. Nazarinsa game da asalin al'adun kula da masana'antu na Amurka da tasirinsa kan kula da masana'antun Japan da sauran wurare bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya sami karɓuwa a duniya. Shi ne marubucin kasidu da dama na ilimi da na ƙwararru kan masana'antu da gudanarwa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ya auri Claire White Hopper, tsohon shugaban banki, kuma ya zauna a Hackettstown, New Jersey. Ɗan'uwansa, William Hopper, ma'aikacin banki ne, wanda ke zaune a Landan. An haifi Kenneth Hopper a [[Glasgow]], Scotland . Kenneth Hopper dan wani fitaccen farfesa ne na ilmin sunadarai na Scotland wanda ya girma a wani karamin gona a [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]] kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar ɗaki ɗaya ta hanyar makarantar sakandare. Kwarewar mahaifin, duk da haka, ya ba shi tallafin karatu a Royal Academy of Science a Dublin. Farfesa Hopper, kasancewar Irish ne, ba a yarda ya yi aiki a cikin Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] ba, don haka ya sami aiki a matsayin mai karatun digiri tare da Dyestuffs na Burtaniya (daga baya Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Sashe na nitroglycerine, inda ya yi aiki, an san shi da "ƙasar kujerun kafafu ɗaya," kamar yadda ba za a iya ba masu aiki da shuka damar kashewa ba da izinin sabon ruwa mai fashewa sosai don ya wuce zafi kuma ya fashe. Mahaifinsa, ban da ayyukansa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, ya kasance marubucin wani rubutu mai daraja game da ilmin sunadarai wanda har yanzu ake amfani dashi. Farfesa Hopper ya kuma jagoranci sashen Scotland na Society of Chemical Industry . Kenneth ya tuna tattaunawa da yawa game da masana'antar sunadarai a kusa da teburin iyali, musamman batutuwan da aka tayar game da ra'ayin mahaifinsa cewa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Haber a Jamus sun fi kowane shigarwa na Burtaniya. Wannan tambaya game da ingancin ingancin masana'antun kasashe daban-daban shine farkon fahimtar Kenneth Hopper. Bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, Kenneth Hopper ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2019 a gidansa a Hackettstown . Yawancin tarihinsa, suna yin rikodin tasirin Amurka akan farfadowar Japan, an ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Drucker a California. == Tushen Bincike na Kwarewa == Hopper ya halarci makarantun "na jama'a" a Glasgow, ya kammala a 1942. A lokacin kwaleji, ya yi aiki a lokacin rani a matsayin "mai neman kayan aiki" a cikin Cathcart Pump aiki da kuma wani a cikin G &amp;amp; J Weir - wani saurayi tare da karusar karusa yana ɗaukar sassa daga sassan da ke nesa, kamar yadda ya bayyana shi. Wannan kuma ya ba shi damar ziyartar wurare da yawa na ayyukan da kuma lura da matsalolin da manyan masana'antun ke fuskanta. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Glasgow, filin horo na farko na Burtaniya don fasaha. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1946, ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a Injiniyan Injiniya, Jami'ar Glasgow . Kafin kammala karatunsa, ya shiga horon jami'an siginar rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, amma lokacin da ya isa aiki a shekarar 1946, lokaci ya yi da za a wargaza rundunar sojojin Burtaniya bayan yakin duniya na biyu . Duk da haka, wannan ɗan gajeren hulɗa da duniyar na'urorin lantarki na rediyo ya haifar da sha'awa ga wannan fanni wanda ya shiga cikin nazarinsa na baya-bayan nan na Sashen Sadarwar Jama'a. Mamaya ta Amurka ta tsara waɗannan tarukan bayan yaƙi ga masana'antun kayan lantarki na Japan, domin akwai buƙatar ci gaba da sanar da al'ummar Japan game da ƙoƙarin sake gina Amurka bayan yaƙi a can. Mista Hopper ya kuma lura cewa kirkire-kirkire kamar radar, penicillin, da injin jet sun fito ne daga masu ƙirƙira na Ingila, amma kowannensu an mayar da shi wata ƙasa, galibi Amurka, don kera su. Wannan ya bayyana a fili a lokacin yakin lokacin da aka yi amfani da jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa don dawo da sassan zuwa Burtaniya wanda za a iya yin sa a masarautar tsibirin, labari mai ban tausayi na yakin ƙarƙashin ruwa da Hopper ya ji daga mai kula da P&G.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Gyaran radar daga na'urar daukar hoto mara jagora zuwa na'urar daukar hoto ta alkibla, misali, ya fito ne daga Bell Laboratories of Summit, New Jersey, Amurka.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Don haka, Hopper ya shiga matakin masana'antu na aikinsa da sanin yakamata game da buƙatar fahimtar yadda masana'antu ke haɓaka ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] nq6o8jrjyzt1eex3rhk6yu7k00vs8rg 915777 915776 2026-09-03T20:57:57Z Hussey833 41082 915777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenneth Hopper''' (Mayu 1926 - 20 ga Mayu 2019) ƙwararren masani ne ɗan ƙasar Scotland. Nazarinsa game da asalin al'adun kula da masana'antu na Amurka da tasirinsa kan kula da masana'antun Japan da sauran wurare bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ya sami karɓuwa a duniya. Shi ne marubucin kasidu da dama na ilimi da na ƙwararru kan masana'antu da gudanarwa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Ya auri Claire White Hopper, tsohon shugaban banki, kuma ya zauna a Hackettstown, New Jersey. Ɗan'uwansa, William Hopper, ma'aikacin banki ne, wanda ke zaune a Landan. An haifi Kenneth Hopper a [[Glasgow]], Scotland . Kenneth Hopper dan wani fitaccen farfesa ne na ilmin sunadarai na Scotland wanda ya girma a wani karamin gona a [[Ireland ta Arewa|Arewacin Ireland]] kuma ya yi karatu a makarantar ɗaki ɗaya ta hanyar makarantar sakandare. Kwarewar mahaifin, duk da haka, ya ba shi tallafin karatu a Royal Academy of Science a Dublin. Farfesa Hopper, kasancewar Irish ne, ba a yarda ya yi aiki a cikin Sojoji a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I]] ba, don haka ya sami aiki a matsayin mai karatun digiri tare da Dyestuffs na Burtaniya (daga baya Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Sashe na nitroglycerine, inda ya yi aiki, an san shi da "ƙasar kujerun kafafu ɗaya," kamar yadda ba za a iya ba masu aiki da shuka damar kashewa ba da izinin sabon ruwa mai fashewa sosai don ya wuce zafi kuma ya fashe. Mahaifinsa, ban da ayyukansa a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Royal, ya kasance marubucin wani rubutu mai daraja game da ilmin sunadarai wanda har yanzu ake amfani dashi. Farfesa Hopper ya kuma jagoranci sashen Scotland na Society of Chemical Industry . Kenneth ya tuna tattaunawa da yawa game da masana'antar sunadarai a kusa da teburin iyali, musamman batutuwan da aka tayar game da ra'ayin mahaifinsa cewa dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Haber a Jamus sun fi kowane shigarwa na Burtaniya. Wannan tambaya game da ingancin ingancin masana'antun kasashe daban-daban shine farkon fahimtar Kenneth Hopper. Bayan ɗan gajeren rashin lafiya, Kenneth Hopper ya mutu a ranar 20 ga Mayu 2019 a gidansa a Hackettstown . Yawancin tarihinsa, suna yin rikodin tasirin Amurka akan farfadowar Japan, an ba da gudummawa ga Cibiyar Drucker a California. == Tushen Bincike na Kwarewa == Hopper ya halarci makarantun "na jama'a" a Glasgow, ya kammala a 1942. A lokacin kwaleji, ya yi aiki a lokacin rani a matsayin "mai neman kayan aiki" a cikin Cathcart Pump aiki da kuma wani a cikin G &amp;amp; J Weir - wani saurayi tare da karusar karusa yana ɗaukar sassa daga sassan da ke nesa, kamar yadda ya bayyana shi. Wannan kuma ya ba shi damar ziyartar wurare da yawa na ayyukan da kuma lura da matsalolin da manyan masana'antun ke fuskanta. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Glasgow, filin horo na farko na Burtaniya don fasaha. Bayan kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 1946, ya sami lambar yabo ta farko a Injiniyan Injiniya, Jami'ar Glasgow . Kafin kammala karatunsa, ya shiga horon jami'an siginar rundunar sojojin Burtaniya, amma lokacin da ya isa aiki a shekarar 1946, lokaci ya yi da za a wargaza rundunar sojojin Burtaniya bayan yakin duniya na biyu . Duk da haka, wannan ɗan gajeren hulɗa da duniyar na'urorin lantarki na rediyo ya haifar da sha'awa ga wannan fanni wanda ya shiga cikin nazarinsa na baya-bayan nan na Sashen Sadarwar Jama'a. Mamaya ta Amurka ta tsara waɗannan tarukan bayan yaƙi ga masana'antun kayan lantarki na Japan, domin akwai buƙatar ci gaba da sanar da al'ummar Japan game da ƙoƙarin sake gina Amurka bayan yaƙi a can. Mista Hopper ya kuma lura cewa kirkire-kirkire kamar radar, penicillin, da injin jet sun fito ne daga masu ƙirƙira na Ingila, amma kowannensu an mayar da shi wata ƙasa, galibi Amurka, don kera su. Wannan ya bayyana a fili a lokacin yakin lokacin da aka yi amfani da jiragen ruwan 'yan kasuwa don dawo da sassan zuwa Burtaniya wanda za a iya yin sa a masarautar tsibirin, labari mai ban tausayi na yakin ƙarƙashin ruwa da Hopper ya ji daga mai kula da P&G.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Gyaran radar daga na'urar daukar hoto mara jagora zuwa na'urar daukar hoto ta alkibla, misali, ya fito ne daga Bell Laboratories of Summit, New Jersey, Amurka.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2010}} Don haka, Hopper ya shiga matakin masana'antu na aikinsa da sanin yakamata game da buƙatar fahimtar yadda masana'antu ke haɓaka ayyukan kirkire-kirkire. [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1926]] ==manazarta== gj8haix7krrs97dtevepmefn7axqtno 0 166240 915778 2026-09-03T21:07:15Z Hussey833 41082 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367093919|Charles A. Willoughby]]" 915778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Andrew Willoughby''' (8 Maris 1892 - 25 Oktoba 1972) Manjo janar ne a rundunar sojin Amurka wanda shine Janar na rundunar sojin Douglas MacArthur babban jami'in leken asiri na soja a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] da yakin Koriya . Wani baƙo daga Jamus wanda ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Gettysburg a 1913, an ba da izini ga Willoughby a cikin sojan ƙasa a watan Agustan 1916 a ƙarƙashin sunan '''Adolph Charles Weidenbach''' . Ya yi aiki a Faransa a yakin duniya na farko a cikin Sojojin Amurka tare da 1st Infantry Division da Sojojin Sojan Sama na Amurka a matsayin malami a Makarantar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka a Issoudon . A watan Mayu 1918 an tura shi zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], inda ya taimaka wajen shirya sabis na isar da wasikar jirgin sama na farko na Amurka, kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Charles Andrew Willoughby . Bayan yakin, Willoughby ya koma sojan ƙasa a matsayin kamfani da kwamandan battalion a cikin 24th Infantry, ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin Sojojin Amurka guda biyu, da kuma 65th Infantory na Puerto-Rican. Ya iya Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, Jamusanci da Faransanci (kuma daga baya Jafananci), sannan ya zama Jami'in soja, kuma ya yi aiki a ofisoshin Amurka a [[Karakas|Caracas]], Venezuela, [[Bogotá]], Colombia, da [[Quito]], Ecuador. A lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu Willoughby ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ma'aikatan leken asiri (G-2) a kan ma'aikatan MacArthur na Sojojin Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya (USAFFE) a lokacin yakin neman zabe na Philippines na 1941-1942, a lokacin da aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross don jaruntaka. Ya bi Douglas MacArthur da ya tsere daga Philippines a cikin jiragen PT a watan Maris na shekara ta 1942, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin G-2 tare da Babban Hedikwatar (GHQ) Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Pacific a Australia, New Guinea da Philippines. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1945, ya sadu da tawagar Japan da ke karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant Janar Torashirō Kawabe don tattauna dalla-dalla game da mamayewar Japan. Willoughby ya ci gaba da aiki da MacArthur a matsayin G-2 a GHQ na Babban Kwamandan Allied Powers (SCAP) da Far East Command (FECOM). Gudummawar Willoughby a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya tana ƙarƙashin babbar gardama, saboda gazawar tsammanin barkewar yaƙin da kuma shiga tsakani na Sin a ciki. Bayan da aka dawo da MacArthur a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1951, ya zaɓi ya yi ritaya daga Sojoji a watan Satumba. Ya kasance editan Foreign Intelligence Digest har zuwa 1961, kuma ya buga littafi game da kamfen din MacArthur a cikin Pacific. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Willoughby ya yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892, a Heidelberg, Jamus, a matsayin '''Adolph Karl Weidenbach''', ɗan Baron T. Tscheppe-Weidenbach da matarsa Emma Willoughby Tscheppe -Weidenbach na Baltimore, Maryland. Frank Kluckhohn na The Reporter (New York Journal) ya yi jayayya da wannan a cikin 1952, kuma har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da sunansa da zuriyarsa. [[:de:Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach|daga]]&#x5D;<nowiki>-linkid="184" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ill","href":"./Template:Ill"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Erich_Tülff_von_Tschepe_und_Weidenbach?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach [de] (wanda aka rubuta sunansa da "p" guda ɗaya) ba shi da taken "Freiherr" kuma bai sami takardun shaida daga Kaiser Wilhelm II ba shi amfani da sunan mahaifi "von Tschepe Und Weidenbach" har zuwa 1913. Yana da 'ya'ya biyar, amma babu wani daga cikinsu Adolph Karl Weidenbach ko an haife shi a shekara ta 1892. Mujallar labarai ta Jamus Der Spiegel ta sami shigarwa a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892 a cikin rajistar Heidelberg da ke yin rikodin haihuwar Adolf August Weidenbach, tare da mai yin igiya August Weiden Bach a matsayin uba da Emma, née Langhäuser . </nowiki>{{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}} Ya yi hijira daga Jamus zuwa Amurka a 1910, kuma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1910 ya shiga cikin Sojojin Amurka, inda ya yi aiki tare da Kamfanin K na 5th Infantry, da farko a matsayin mai zaman kansa, daga baya ya tashi zuwa matsayin sajan. An sallame shi daga aikin soja a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1913. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Finley |first=James |year=1999 |title=Charles Willoughby: World War II Intelligence in the Pacific Theater |url=http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331105728/http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |archive-date=31 March 2010 |access-date=3 November 2010 |publisher=Fort Huachuca: US Army Intelligence Center |pages=9}}</ref> {{Sfn|Foy|2023}}Daga nan sai ya shiga Kwalejin Gettysburg a matsayin babban jami'i a 1913 bisa ga shaidarsa na shekaru uku na halartar Jami'ar Heidelberg da Sorbonne a Paris kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. An yi jayayya ko ya halarci kowanne jami'ar Turai, kamar yadda ya kamata ya yi hakan tun yana ƙarami. Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a shekara ta 1914, kuma ya zama malamin harshe a makarantar Howe, makarantar 'yan mata masu zaman kansu a Howe, Indiana, da Kwalejin Racine a Racine, Wisconsin. Ya fara karatu don digiri na Master of Arts a Jami'ar Kansas da ke Lawrence, Kansas . {{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}}<ref name="Campbell">{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Kenneth J. |title=Major General Charles A. Willoughby: A Mixed Performance |url=http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901065727/http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-date=1 September 2022}}</ref> 3cd0mzjlpnf6wls928876aa36567h7c 915779 915778 2026-09-03T21:07:39Z Hussey833 41082 915779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Andrew Willoughby''' (8 Maris 1892 - 25 Oktoba 1972) Manjo janar ne a rundunar sojin Amurka wanda shine Janar na rundunar sojin Douglas MacArthur babban jami'in leken asiri na soja a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] da yakin Koriya . Wani baƙo daga Jamus wanda ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Gettysburg a 1913, an ba da izini ga Willoughby a cikin sojan ƙasa a watan Agustan 1916 a ƙarƙashin sunan '''Adolph Charles Weidenbach''' . Ya yi aiki a Faransa a yakin duniya na farko a cikin Sojojin Amurka tare da 1st Infantry Division da Sojojin Sojan Sama na Amurka a matsayin malami a Makarantar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka a Issoudon . A watan Mayu 1918 an tura shi zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], inda ya taimaka wajen shirya sabis na isar da wasikar jirgin sama na farko na Amurka, kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Charles Andrew Willoughby . Bayan yakin, Willoughby ya koma sojan ƙasa a matsayin kamfani da kwamandan battalion a cikin 24th Infantry, ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin Sojojin Amurka guda biyu, da kuma 65th Infantory na Puerto-Rican. Ya iya Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, Jamusanci da Faransanci (kuma daga baya Jafananci), sannan ya zama Jami'in soja, kuma ya yi aiki a ofisoshin Amurka a [[Karakas|Caracas]], Venezuela, [[Bogotá]], Colombia, da [[Quito]], Ecuador. A lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu Willoughby ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ma'aikatan leken asiri (G-2) a kan ma'aikatan MacArthur na Sojojin Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya (USAFFE) a lokacin yakin neman zabe na Philippines na 1941-1942, a lokacin da aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross don jaruntaka. Ya bi Douglas MacArthur da ya tsere daga Philippines a cikin jiragen PT a watan Maris na shekara ta 1942, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin G-2 tare da Babban Hedikwatar (GHQ) Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Pacific a Australia, New Guinea da Philippines. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1945, ya sadu da tawagar Japan da ke karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant Janar Torashirō Kawabe don tattauna dalla-dalla game da mamayewar Japan. Willoughby ya ci gaba da aiki da MacArthur a matsayin G-2 a GHQ na Babban Kwamandan Allied Powers (SCAP) da Far East Command (FECOM). Gudummawar Willoughby a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya tana ƙarƙashin babbar gardama, saboda gazawar tsammanin barkewar yaƙin da kuma shiga tsakani na Sin a ciki. Bayan da aka dawo da MacArthur a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1951, ya zaɓi ya yi ritaya daga Sojoji a watan Satumba. Ya kasance editan Foreign Intelligence Digest har zuwa 1961, kuma ya buga littafi game da kamfen din MacArthur a cikin Pacific. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Willoughby ya yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892, a Heidelberg, Jamus, a matsayin '''Adolph Karl Weidenbach''', ɗan Baron T. Tscheppe-Weidenbach da matarsa Emma Willoughby Tscheppe -Weidenbach na Baltimore, Maryland. Frank Kluckhohn na The Reporter (New York Journal) ya yi jayayya da wannan a cikin 1952, kuma har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da sunansa da zuriyarsa. [[:de:Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach|daga]]&#x5D;<nowiki>-linkid="184" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ill","href":"./Template:Ill"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Erich_Tülff_von_Tschepe_und_Weidenbach?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach [de] (wanda aka rubuta sunansa da "p" guda ɗaya) ba shi da taken "Freiherr" kuma bai sami takardun shaida daga Kaiser Wilhelm II ba shi amfani da sunan mahaifi "von Tschepe Und Weidenbach" har zuwa 1913. Yana da 'ya'ya biyar, amma babu wani daga cikinsu Adolph Karl Weidenbach ko an haife shi a shekara ta 1892. Mujallar labarai ta Jamus Der Spiegel ta sami shigarwa a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892 a cikin rajistar Heidelberg da ke yin rikodin haihuwar Adolf August Weidenbach, tare da mai yin igiya August Weiden Bach a matsayin uba da Emma, née Langhäuser . </nowiki>{{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}} Ya yi hijira daga Jamus zuwa Amurka a 1910, kuma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1910 ya shiga cikin Sojojin Amurka, inda ya yi aiki tare da Kamfanin K na 5th Infantry, da farko a matsayin mai zaman kansa, daga baya ya tashi zuwa matsayin sajan. An sallame shi daga aikin soja a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1913. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Finley |first=James |year=1999 |title=Charles Willoughby: World War II Intelligence in the Pacific Theater |url=http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331105728/http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |archive-date=31 March 2010 |access-date=3 November 2010 |publisher=Fort Huachuca: US Army Intelligence Center |pages=9}}</ref> {{Sfn|Foy|2023}}Daga nan sai ya shiga Kwalejin Gettysburg a matsayin babban jami'i a 1913 bisa ga shaidarsa na shekaru uku na halartar Jami'ar Heidelberg da Sorbonne a Paris kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. An yi jayayya ko ya halarci kowanne jami'ar Turai, kamar yadda ya kamata ya yi hakan tun yana ƙarami. Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a shekara ta 1914, kuma ya zama malamin harshe a makarantar Howe, makarantar 'yan mata masu zaman kansu a Howe, Indiana, da Kwalejin Racine a Racine, Wisconsin. Ya fara karatu don digiri na Master of Arts a Jami'ar Kansas da ke Lawrence, Kansas . {{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}}<ref name="Campbell">{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Kenneth J. |title=Major General Charles A. Willoughby: A Mixed Performance |url=http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901065727/http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-date=1 September 2022}}</ref> 2zc72vcad4tbl4ektp9j44c00zgwc20 915780 915779 2026-09-03T21:07:58Z Hussey833 41082 915780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles Andrew Willoughby''' (8 Maris 1892 - 25 Oktoba 1972) Manjo janar ne a rundunar sojin Amurka wanda shine Janar na rundunar sojin Douglas MacArthur babban jami'in leken asiri na soja a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|yakin duniya na biyu]] da yakin Koriya . Wani baƙo daga Jamus wanda ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Gettysburg a 1913, an ba da izini ga Willoughby a cikin sojan ƙasa a watan Agustan 1916 a ƙarƙashin sunan '''Adolph Charles Weidenbach''' . Ya yi aiki a Faransa a yakin duniya na farko a cikin Sojojin Amurka tare da 1st Infantry Division da Sojojin Sojan Sama na Amurka a matsayin malami a Makarantar Jirgin Sama ta Amurka a Issoudon . A watan Mayu 1918 an tura shi zuwa [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], inda ya taimaka wajen shirya sabis na isar da wasikar jirgin sama na farko na Amurka, kuma ya canza sunansa zuwa Charles Andrew Willoughby . Bayan yakin, Willoughby ya koma sojan ƙasa a matsayin kamfani da kwamandan battalion a cikin 24th Infantry, ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin Sojojin Amurka guda biyu, da kuma 65th Infantory na Puerto-Rican. Ya iya Turanci, Mutanen Espanya, Jamusanci da Faransanci (kuma daga baya Jafananci), sannan ya zama Jami'in soja, kuma ya yi aiki a ofisoshin Amurka a [[Karakas|Caracas]], Venezuela, [[Bogotá]], Colombia, da [[Quito]], Ecuador. A lokacin da kuma bayan yakin duniya na biyu Willoughby ya kasance mataimakin shugaban ma'aikatan leken asiri (G-2) a kan ma'aikatan MacArthur na Sojojin Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya (USAFFE) a lokacin yakin neman zabe na Philippines na 1941-1942, a lokacin da aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Distinguished Service Cross don jaruntaka. Ya bi Douglas MacArthur da ya tsere daga Philippines a cikin jiragen PT a watan Maris na shekara ta 1942, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin G-2 tare da Babban Hedikwatar (GHQ) Yankin Kudu maso Yammacin Pacific a Australia, New Guinea da Philippines. A watan Agustan shekara ta 1945, ya sadu da tawagar Japan da ke karkashin jagorancin Lieutenant Janar Torashirō Kawabe don tattauna dalla-dalla game da mamayewar Japan. Willoughby ya ci gaba da aiki da MacArthur a matsayin G-2 a GHQ na Babban Kwamandan Allied Powers (SCAP) da Far East Command (FECOM). Gudummawar Willoughby a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya tana ƙarƙashin babbar gardama, saboda gazawar tsammanin barkewar yaƙin da kuma shiga tsakani na Sin a ciki. Bayan da aka dawo da MacArthur a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1951, ya zaɓi ya yi ritaya daga Sojoji a watan Satumba. Ya kasance editan Foreign Intelligence Digest har zuwa 1961, kuma ya buga littafi game da kamfen din MacArthur a cikin Pacific. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Willoughby ya yi iƙirarin cewa an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892, a Heidelberg, Jamus, a matsayin '''Adolph Karl Weidenbach''', ɗan Baron T. Tscheppe-Weidenbach da matarsa Emma Willoughby Tscheppe -Weidenbach na Baltimore, Maryland. Frank Kluckhohn na The Reporter (New York Journal) ya yi jayayya da wannan a cikin 1952, kuma har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da sunansa da zuriyarsa. [[:de:Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach|daga]]&#x5D;<nowiki>-linkid="184" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"ill","href":"./Template:Ill"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Erich_Tülff_von_Tschepe_und_Weidenbach?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwPA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Erich Tülff von Tschepe und Weidenbach [de] (wanda aka rubuta sunansa da "p" guda ɗaya) ba shi da taken "Freiherr" kuma bai sami takardun shaida daga Kaiser Wilhelm II ba shi amfani da sunan mahaifi "von Tschepe Und Weidenbach" har zuwa 1913. Yana da 'ya'ya biyar, amma babu wani daga cikinsu Adolph Karl Weidenbach ko an haife shi a shekara ta 1892. Mujallar labarai ta Jamus Der Spiegel ta sami shigarwa a ranar 8 ga Maris 1892 a cikin rajistar Heidelberg da ke yin rikodin haihuwar Adolf August Weidenbach, tare da mai yin igiya August Weiden Bach a matsayin uba da Emma, née Langhäuser . </nowiki>{{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}} Ya yi hijira daga Jamus zuwa Amurka a 1910, kuma a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1910 ya shiga cikin Sojojin Amurka, inda ya yi aiki tare da Kamfanin K na 5th Infantry, da farko a matsayin mai zaman kansa, daga baya ya tashi zuwa matsayin sajan. An sallame shi daga aikin soja a ranar 9 ga Oktoba 1913. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |last=Finley |first=James |year=1999 |title=Charles Willoughby: World War II Intelligence in the Pacific Theater |url=http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331105728/http://www.huachuca.army.mil/sites/History/PDFS/MWILLOU.PDF |archive-date=31 March 2010 |access-date=3 November 2010 |publisher=Fort Huachuca: US Army Intelligence Center |pages=9}}</ref> {{Sfn|Foy|2023}}Daga nan sai ya shiga Kwalejin Gettysburg a matsayin babban jami'i a 1913 bisa ga shaidarsa na shekaru uku na halartar Jami'ar Heidelberg da Sorbonne a Paris kafin ya yi hijira zuwa Amurka. An yi jayayya ko ya halarci kowanne jami'ar Turai, kamar yadda ya kamata ya yi hakan tun yana ƙarami. Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a shekara ta 1914, kuma ya zama malamin harshe a makarantar Howe, makarantar 'yan mata masu zaman kansu a Howe, Indiana, da Kwalejin Racine a Racine, Wisconsin. Ya fara karatu don digiri na Master of Arts a Jami'ar Kansas da ke Lawrence, Kansas . {{Sfn|Kluckhohn|1952}}<ref name="Campbell">{{Cite web |last=Campbell |first=Kenneth J. |title=Major General Charles A. Willoughby: A Mixed Performance |url=http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901065727/http://intellit.muskingum.edu/wwii_folder/wwiifepac_folder/wwiifepacwilloughby.html |archive-date=1 September 2022}}</ref> ==manazarta== 56y0sdhosvgfbjg2saa4b4jrp5yiom4 0 166241 915781 2026-09-03T21:10:33Z Hussey833 41082 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1214318665|Charles W. L. Hill]]" 915781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles WL Hill''' ɗan jami'a ne da aka haifa a Birtaniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, shi ne Hughes M. da Katherine G. Blake, Farfesa a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci kuma Farfesa a fannin Gudanarwa da Ƙungiyoyi a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Foster da ke [[Seattle]] ta Jami'ar Washington, inda yake koyarwa tun daga shekarar 1988. Ya riga ya koyar a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan daga 1986 zuwa 1988, da kuma Jami'ar Manchester Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha, yanzu wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Manhattan, daga 1983 zuwa 86. Ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M daga 1985 zuwa 1986. A shekara ta 2004, ya hada hannu da Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach tare da G. R. Jones . A shekara ta 2005, ya wallafa ''Kasuwancin Duniya: Gasar a Kasuwar Duniya'' . == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] k78m4y0sgb1cijwl37acuoyb90oc512 915782 915781 2026-09-03T21:11:03Z Hussey833 41082 915782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles WL Hill''' ɗan jami'a ne da aka haifa a Birtaniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, shi ne Hughes M. da Katherine G. Blake, Farfesa a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci kuma Farfesa a fannin Gudanarwa da Ƙungiyoyi a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Foster da ke [[Seattle]] ta Jami'ar Washington, inda yake koyarwa tun daga shekarar 1988. Ya riga ya koyar a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan daga 1986 zuwa 1988, da kuma Jami'ar Manchester Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha, yanzu wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Manhattan, daga 1983 zuwa 86. Ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M daga 1985 zuwa 1986. A shekara ta 2004, ya hada hannu da Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach tare da G. R. Jones . A shekara ta 2005, ya wallafa ''Kasuwancin Duniya: Gasar a Kasuwar Duniya'' . == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cq1g7ze0kjmwuwkmprdwthz8tv4a239 915783 915782 2026-09-03T21:11:27Z Hussey833 41082 915783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Charles WL Hill''' ɗan jami'a ne da aka haifa a Birtaniya. Ya zuwa shekarar 2016, shi ne Hughes M. da Katherine G. Blake, Farfesa a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci kuma Farfesa a fannin Gudanarwa da Ƙungiyoyi a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Foster da ke [[Seattle]] ta Jami'ar Washington, inda yake koyarwa tun daga shekarar 1988. Ya riga ya koyar a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan daga 1986 zuwa 1988, da kuma Jami'ar Manchester Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha, yanzu wani ɓangare na Jami'ar Manhattan, daga 1983 zuwa 86. Ya kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Texas A&amp;amp;M daga 1985 zuwa 1986. A shekara ta 2004, ya hada hannu da Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach tare da G. R. Jones . A shekara ta 2005, ya wallafa ''Kasuwancin Duniya: Gasar a Kasuwar Duniya'' . == manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f0ssvulpdodub58ww2tfoo2vdiovnro 3 166242 915790 2026-09-03T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915790 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Zhaorry! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Zhaorry|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 8i8fhp3bp5re5qlgi0v164v5kuui0bx 3 166243 915791 2026-09-03T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915791 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DrMeb17! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DrMeb17|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) nswbfq1zuk27w8j63jki17xvbf4thcj 3 166244 915792 2026-09-03T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915792 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ado Umar Abdullahi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ado Umar Abdullahi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) hpym3284eb4hz65dvbray8wuwnek82l 3 166245 915794 2026-09-03T21:24:08Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915794 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Vhv ccc! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Vhv ccc|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 0tbm5jg70pue54dv0s2rb23wev3dhre 3 166246 915795 2026-09-03T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915795 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Jeremy Greenstock! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Jeremy Greenstock|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 20s4njibs5902g9yeilia2o9l7gmynd 3 166247 915796 2026-09-03T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915796 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Asmaahassninhassn! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Asmaahassninhassn|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 7t56dd6vmmwq9mmq1vnvxkeowmab17y 3 166248 915797 2026-09-03T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915797 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ateny2011! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ateny2011|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 38r6drkckum8535m57025jbx7wf6gx2 3 166249 915798 2026-09-03T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915798 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Amanguru77! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Amanguru77|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) cta12uzsehs3ynex49pz5na2nsqkqe0 3 166250 915799 2026-09-03T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915799 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ivli! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ivli|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 6qb25iygmnn6ayzp6xs1d2w1osf3avh 3 166251 915800 2026-09-03T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915800 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Xavier Argimon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Xavier Argimon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) ld8le3qxs4xey8o2p22etq8ss7px8xh 3 166252 915802 2026-09-03T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915802 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Andria Tsets! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Andria Tsets|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) pn384x4y1w9mzxhw302vkswtpp6ljlt 3 166253 915803 2026-09-03T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915803 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, PWidergren! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/PWidergren|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) qij5aqze64wgff4ogv1ikxlei4dd2w7 3 166254 915804 2026-09-03T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915804 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fleedre! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fleedre|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 05aa6w4hlx910h7y1sh9cfq8nwshy2v 3 166255 915805 2026-09-03T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915805 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ektoras duncan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ektoras duncan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) o6wqzdastymu6dwjocvmy6mnbhdq2f1 3 166256 915806 2026-09-03T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915806 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Luphelo Yali! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Luphelo Yali|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) 4llbh33a2rsn8hcya66enkiwgl1ksch 3 166257 915807 2026-09-03T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915807 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, D Jay Braheemyy! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/D Jay Braheemyy|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) ah7umwaowhnww85804h4t1den7i29dw 3 166258 915808 2026-09-03T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 915808 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Noleander! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Noleander|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 3 Satumba 2026 (UTC) ajp264cbs1od1kvkkxvttu7t9hs0mw3 0 166259 915947 2026-09-04T07:26:58Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368255227|Taioro]]" 915947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''My phone is the same shi I want to see you in the morning and I will be there in a few minutes to get the attached to the current location kuma an gina my name is Taioro''' kayan yaji ne da aka yi da nama na kwakwa wanda aka ba shi izinin ferment. Abinci ne na gargajiya da ake samu a ko'ina cikin tsibirai na [[Osheniya|Oceania]] kuma galibi ana cinye shi azaman haɗin abinci. == Shirye-shirye == An yi Taioro daga nama na kwakwa kuma an ba shi izinin ferment. An kara nama daga kwakwa da ruwan gishiri kuma an kara ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga kawunan crustaceans. Ruwan daga crustaceans yana aiki ne a matsayin wakili mai fermenting kuma an bar shi ya fermenting na kwanaki da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recette Taioro |url=https://recettestahitiennes.com/recipe/75-taioro |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recettes Tahitiennes}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana shirya shi azaman abincin da ake kira {{Lang|ty|pahua taioro}}, inda aka gauraya taioro tare da clams ko turbot snails tare da tafarnuwa, albasa, gishiri da albasa kuma ana ba da shi a zafin jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ma'Oa and Pahua Tairo (Tahiti) Recipe |url=https://recipeland.com/recipe/v/maoa-pahua-tairo-tahiti-33311 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recipeland}}</ref> An shirya Mitiore a cikin irin wannan hanyar da taioro a [[Tsibirin Cook]], amma ruwan teku ba ya cikin shiri. Ruwan da aka cire daga crustaceans da aka murkushe an gauraye shi da kwakwa, an lullube shi a cikin ganye kuma an bar shi ya ferment na 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan, yana samun daidaituwa kamar cottage cuku. Ana ba da shi tare da kifi da albasa na bazara ko chives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional fermented mitiore - Cook Islands Recipes |url=https://www.ck/food/0108.htm |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.ck}}</ref> Kora da Fijians suka yi ana shirya shi ta hanyar al'ada ta hanyar kunshe nama na kwakwa a cikin kunshe-kunshe da aka yi daga ganyen ayaba kuma a nutse shi cikin ruwan gishiri, auna shi a ƙarƙashin tarin duwatsu kuma a bar shi ya ferment na kwanaki da yawa, kodayake hanyoyin zamani wani lokacin suna amfani da jaka maimakon ganyen ayabar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kora, a Fijian delicacy |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/kora-a-fijian-delicacy/ |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Fiji Times}}</ref> Yawanci ana ba da shi tare da inabi na teku, chilli, ruwan lemun tsami da gishiri. Hakanan ana samun irin wannan abincin a [[Tonga]] inda ake ba da izinin aske da ya rage daga cire [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] ya ferment kuma ana yin burodi a cikin tanda na ƙasa, sau da yawa ana gauraya tare da ganyen taro don ƙirƙirar abincin da aka sani da {{Lang|to|lū {{okina}}efiniu}} . == Sunaye == * [[Tsibirin Cook]]: {{Lang|rar|Mitiore}} * [[Fiji]]: {{Lang|fj|Kora}} * Faransanci Polynesia: {{Lang|ty|Taioro}} * Isnag: {{Lang|ty|Bungul}} == Duba kuma ==   * Miti hue - Sauce na kwakwa da aka fermented na Polynesia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4518pimsaogcwbd3twazz816efci2e7 915948 915947 2026-09-04T07:29:07Z Alubaki 30448 915948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taioro''' kayan yaji ne da aka yi da nama na kwakwa wanda aka ba shi izinin ferment. Abinci ne na gargajiya da ake samu a ko'ina cikin tsibirai na [[Osheniya|Oceania]] kuma galibi ana cinye shi azaman haɗin abinci. == Shirye-shirye == An yi Taioro daga nama na kwakwa kuma an ba shi izinin ferment. An kara nama daga kwakwa da ruwan gishiri kuma an kara ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga kawunan crustaceans. Ruwan daga crustaceans yana aiki ne a matsayin wakili mai fermenting kuma an bar shi ya fermenting na kwanaki da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recette Taioro |url=https://recettestahitiennes.com/recipe/75-taioro |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recettes Tahitiennes}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana shirya shi azaman abincin da ake kira {{Lang|ty|pahua taioro}}, inda aka gauraya taioro tare da clams ko turbot snails tare da tafarnuwa, albasa, gishiri da albasa kuma ana ba da shi a zafin jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ma'Oa and Pahua Tairo (Tahiti) Recipe |url=https://recipeland.com/recipe/v/maoa-pahua-tairo-tahiti-33311 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recipeland}}</ref> An shirya Mitiore a cikin irin wannan hanyar da taioro a [[Tsibirin Cook]], amma ruwan teku ba ya cikin shiri. Ruwan da aka cire daga crustaceans da aka murkushe an gauraye shi da kwakwa, an lullube shi a cikin ganye kuma an bar shi ya ferment na 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan, yana samun daidaituwa kamar cottage cuku. Ana ba da shi tare da kifi da albasa na bazara ko chives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional fermented mitiore - Cook Islands Recipes |url=https://www.ck/food/0108.htm |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.ck}}</ref> Kora da Fijians suka yi ana shirya shi ta hanyar al'ada ta hanyar kunshe nama na kwakwa a cikin kunshe-kunshe da aka yi daga ganyen ayaba kuma a nutse shi cikin ruwan gishiri, auna shi a ƙarƙashin tarin duwatsu kuma a bar shi ya ferment na kwanaki da yawa, kodayake hanyoyin zamani wani lokacin suna amfani da jaka maimakon ganyen ayabar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kora, a Fijian delicacy |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/kora-a-fijian-delicacy/ |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Fiji Times}}</ref> Yawanci ana ba da shi tare da inabi na teku, chilli, ruwan lemun tsami da gishiri. Hakanan ana samun irin wannan abincin a [[Tonga]] inda ake ba da izinin aske da ya rage daga cire [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] ya ferment kuma ana yin burodi a cikin tanda na ƙasa, sau da yawa ana gauraya tare da ganyen taro don ƙirƙirar abincin da aka sani da {{Lang|to|lū {{okina}}efiniu}} . == Sunaye == * [[Tsibirin Cook]]: {{Lang|rar|Mitiore}} * [[Fiji]]: {{Lang|fj|Kora}} * Faransanci Polynesia: {{Lang|ty|Taioro}} * Isnag: {{Lang|ty|Bungul}} == Duba kuma ==   * Miti hue - Sauce na kwakwa da aka fermented na Polynesia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 7hqmz5wiuov4zrqps6lmfqkn6pwbk16 915951 915948 2026-09-04T07:34:39Z Alubaki 30448 915951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Taioro''' kayan yaji ne da aka yi da nama na kwakwa wanda aka ba shi izinin ferment. Abinci ne na gargajiya da ake samu a ko'ina cikin tsibirai na [[Osheniya|Oceania]] kuma galibi ana cinye shi azaman haɗin abinci. == Shirye-shirye == An yi Taioro daga nama na kwakwa kuma an ba shi izinin ferment. An kara nama daga kwakwa da ruwan gishiri kuma an kara ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga kawunan crustaceans. Ruwan daga crustaceans yana aiki ne a matsayin wakili mai fermenting kuma an bar shi ya fermenting na kwanaki da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Recette Taioro |url=https://recettestahitiennes.com/recipe/75-taioro |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recettes Tahitiennes}}</ref> Sau da yawa ana shirya shi azaman abincin da ake kira {{Lang|ty|pahua taioro}}, inda aka gauraya taioro tare da clams ko turbot snails tare da tafarnuwa, albasa, gishiri da albasa kuma ana ba da shi a zafin jiki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ma'Oa and Pahua Tairo (Tahiti) Recipe |url=https://recipeland.com/recipe/v/maoa-pahua-tairo-tahiti-33311 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Recipeland}}</ref> An shirya Mitiore a cikin irin wannan hanyar da taioro a [[Tsibirin Cook]], amma ruwan teku ba ya cikin shiri. Ruwan da aka cire daga crustaceans da aka murkushe an gauraye shi da kwakwa, an lullube shi a cikin ganye kuma an bar shi ya ferment na 'yan sa'o'i kaɗan, yana samun daidaituwa kamar cottage cuku. Ana ba da shi tare da kifi da albasa na bazara ko chives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional fermented mitiore - Cook Islands Recipes |url=https://www.ck/food/0108.htm |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=www.ck}}</ref> Kora da Fijians suka yi ana shirya shi ta hanyar al'ada ta hanyar kunshe nama na kwakwa a cikin kunshe-kunshe da aka yi daga ganyen ayaba kuma a nutse shi cikin ruwan gishiri, auna shi a ƙarƙashin tarin duwatsu kuma a bar shi ya ferment na kwanaki da yawa, kodayake hanyoyin zamani wani lokacin suna amfani da jaka maimakon ganyen ayabar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kora, a Fijian delicacy |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/kora-a-fijian-delicacy/ |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=Fiji Times}}</ref> Yawanci ana ba da shi tare da inabi na teku, chilli, ruwan lemun tsami da gishiri. Hakanan ana samun irin wannan abincin a [[Tonga]] inda ake ba da izinin aske da ya rage daga cire [[Madara ta kwakwa|madarar kwakwa]] ya ferment kuma ana yin burodi a cikin tanda na ƙasa, sau da yawa ana gauraya tare da ganyen taro don ƙirƙirar abincin da aka sani da {{Lang|to|lū {{okina}}efiniu}} . == Sunaye == * [[Tsibirin Cook]]: {{Lang|rar|Mitiore}} * [[Fiji]]: {{Lang|fj|Kora}} * Faransanci Polynesia: {{Lang|ty|Taioro}} * Isnag: {{Lang|ty|Bungul}} == Duba kuma ==   * Miti hue - Sauce na kwakwa da aka fermented na Polynesia. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hgos08fikk08icegk59eo2zegr337lg 0 166260 915953 2026-09-04T07:53:24Z Alubaki 30448 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366125424|Caribbean cuisine]]" 915953 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean.''' .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} niujezqlnkk2i8nfup4yxfgc0skpo07 915955 915953 2026-09-04T07:54:27Z Alubaki 30448 915955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine''' abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean. .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5lb6x27bgieyo102njzxcltlr5dw3f1 915956 915955 2026-09-04T07:55:47Z Alubaki 30448 /* Ta wurin zama */ 915956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine''' abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean. .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   * [[Anguillian cuisine]] * [[Antigua and Barbuda cuisine]] * [[Culture of Aruba#Cuisine history|Aruban cuisine]] * [[Bahamian cuisine]] * [[Barbadian cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Cayman Islands#Cuisine|Cayman Islands cuisine]] * [[Cuban cuisine]] * [[Curaçao#Cuisine|Curaçaoan cuisine]] * [[Dominica cuisine]] * [[Dominican Republic cuisine]] * [[Culture of Grenada#Cuisine|Grenadan cuisine]] * [[Guadeloupe#Gastronomy|Guadeloupean cuisine]] * [[Haitian cuisine]] * [[Jamaican cuisine]] * [[Martinique#Cuisine|Martinique cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of Montserrat|Montserratian cuisine]] * [[Puerto Rican cuisine]] * [[Saint Barthélemy cuisine]] * [[Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis#Cuisine|Saint Kitts and Nevis cuisine]] * [[Saint Lucian cuisine]] * [[Trinidad and Tobago cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of the Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos Islands cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Virgin Islands#Cuisine|Virgin Islands cuisine]] == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1xs6zur9eevfhuvdasv17mjndagjzp5 915957 915956 2026-09-04T07:56:01Z Alubaki 30448 915957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine''' abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean. .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   * [[Anguillian cuisine]] * [[Antigua and Barbuda cuisine]] * [[Culture of Aruba#Cuisine history|Aruban cuisine]] * [[Bahamian cuisine]] * [[Barbadian cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Cayman Islands#Cuisine|Cayman Islands cuisine]] * [[Cuban cuisine]] * [[Curaçao#Cuisine|Curaçaoan cuisine]] * [[Dominica cuisine]] * [[Dominican Republic cuisine]] * [[Culture of Grenada#Cuisine|Grenadan cuisine]] * [[Guadeloupe#Gastronomy|Guadeloupean cuisine]] * [[Haitian cuisine]] * [[Jamaican cuisine]] * [[Martinique#Cuisine|Martinique cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of Montserrat|Montserratian cuisine]] * [[Puerto Rican cuisine]] * [[Saint Barthélemy cuisine]] * [[Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis#Cuisine|Saint Kitts and Nevis cuisine]] * [[Saint Lucian cuisine]] * [[Trinidad and Tobago cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of the Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos Islands cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Virgin Islands#Cuisine|Virgin Islands cuisine]] == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fxsgge1s5y18tsr27zl2ufungriouv9 915958 915957 2026-09-04T07:56:54Z Alubaki 30448 /* Tarihi */ 915958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine''' abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean. .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Tony |title=Caribbean history : from pre-colonial origins to the present |date=2012 |publisher=Boston : Pearson |isbn=978-0-13-220860-4 |pages=99}}</ref> Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2026}} Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   * [[Anguillian cuisine]] * [[Antigua and Barbuda cuisine]] * [[Culture of Aruba#Cuisine history|Aruban cuisine]] * [[Bahamian cuisine]] * [[Barbadian cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Cayman Islands#Cuisine|Cayman Islands cuisine]] * [[Cuban cuisine]] * [[Curaçao#Cuisine|Curaçaoan cuisine]] * [[Dominica cuisine]] * [[Dominican Republic cuisine]] * [[Culture of Grenada#Cuisine|Grenadan cuisine]] * [[Guadeloupe#Gastronomy|Guadeloupean cuisine]] * [[Haitian cuisine]] * [[Jamaican cuisine]] * [[Martinique#Cuisine|Martinique cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of Montserrat|Montserratian cuisine]] * [[Puerto Rican cuisine]] * [[Saint Barthélemy cuisine]] * [[Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis#Cuisine|Saint Kitts and Nevis cuisine]] * [[Saint Lucian cuisine]] * [[Trinidad and Tobago cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of the Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos Islands cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Virgin Islands#Cuisine|Virgin Islands cuisine]] == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} cfjls05ljjd27oi6tab7d5qkr5q6ot3 915959 915958 2026-09-04T07:57:19Z Alubaki 30448 /* Abincin Caribbean */ 915959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mangú_with_Veggie_Meat.JPG|right|thumb|Mangú tare da "nama" na shuka]] '''Caribbean cuisine''' abincin Afirka ta Yamma ne,[1] Creole, Amerindian, Turai, Latin Amurka, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Sin, Javanese/Indonesian, Arewacin Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Waɗannan al'adun an kawo su ne daga ƙasashe da yawa lokacin da suka ƙaura zuwa Caribbean. .<ref name="bahama">[http://www.bahamabreeze.com/menus/cuisine/ "Cuisine."] {{Webarchive}} (Caribbean.) [http://www.bahamabreeze.com Bahamabreeze.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> == Tarihi == Abinci na Caribbean ya bunkasa ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, bautar, noma, ƙaura, da kasuwanci. A cikin shuka, da kuma al'ummomin shuka, amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci sun haɗu da daidaitawa na gida don samar da sabbin al'adun abinci na Caribbean. Kafin mulkin mallaka na Turai, 'yan asalin Caribbean sun noma maniyyi a matsayin amfanin gona, tare da masara, dankali mai zaki, albasa, avocados, da guavas, waɗanda sune kayan abinci a cikin al'adun abinci na Caribbean.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Tony |title=Caribbean history : from pre-colonial origins to the present |date=2012 |publisher=Boston : Pearson |isbn=978-0-13-220860-4 |pages=99}}</ref> Yankunan samarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na tarihin abinci na Caribbean a ƙarƙashin bautar. A wasu al'ummomin shuka, bayi sun shuka amfanin gona a ƙasar da ba a amfani da ita ba, wanda ya taimaka wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar noma da aka yi amfani da ita a aikin gona na Caribbean bayan 'yanci. Al'ummomin karkara na Caribbean sun haɗu da amfanin gona na Afirka, Turai, Asiya, da Amerindian da dabarun sarrafa abinci. A Jamaica, wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun taimaka wa 'yan Afirka da suka bautar su shuka amfanin gona kamar su eddoes, Guinea yams, dasheen, plantains, da cocoyams, da kuma sayar da kayan da suka wuce a kasuwannin gida. Sakamakon mulkin mallaka, yankin Caribbean ya haɗu da tasirin abinci da yawa; Turawan Ingila, Sifaniyanci, Yaren mutanen Holland da Faransa sun mamaye yankin kuma suka kawo abincinsu, wanda ya haɗu da na Yammacin Afirka, Amerindian, Indiya/Kudancin Asiya, Gabashin Asiya, Fotigal, da Larabawa, tasirin bayi, masu lasisi da sauran ma'aikata da aka kawo aiki a gonaki. == Abincin Caribbean == [[Fayil:Dhalpurie_Roti,_Pumpkin,_Channa_and_Potato,_Curry_Goat,_Trinidad_and_Tobago.JPG|right|thumb|Dhalpurie Roti, pumpkin tarkari, channa da aloo, da curry goat, kayan abinci na asalin Indiya daga Trinidad da Tobago]] Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su a yawancin abincin tsibirai sune [[shinkafa]], shuke-shuke, [[wake]], maniyyi, cilantro, albasa, Chickpeas, [[Tumatir]], [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]], [[Kwa-kwa|kwakwa]], da kuma nama iri-iri da ke samuwa a cikin gida, kamar naman sa, kaza, naman alade, awaki, ko kifi. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa ga yankin shine ruwan inabi mai mai mai da ake kira sofrito. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na iya haɗawa da tafarnuwa, albasa, albasa mai launin ruwan kasa, da ganye kamar cilantro, mint na Mexico, chives, marjoram, rosemary, tarragon, da thyme. Ana amfani da wannan kayan yaji na kore don abinci iri-iri kamar curries, stews, da nama da aka gasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Caribbean Green Seasoning Recipe<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124426/http://latinfood.about.com/od/seasoningmarinade/r/Green-Seasoning.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2014-03-28}}</ref> Yawancin abincin Caribbean na yau da kullun sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bautar. Abincin kamar shinkafa da wake sun zama ruwan dare a cikin abincin gida a cikin al'ummomin Caribbean da yawa. Abincin gargajiya yana da mahimmanci ga al'adun yanki, misali, an zaɓi nau'in miyar akuya ta Caribbean a matsayin abincin ƙasa na Montserrat kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so a St. Kitts da Nevis. Wani sanannen abinci a cikin Caribbean na Ingilishi ana kiransa "cook-up", ko pelau. Ackee da kifin gishiri wani abinci ne da ya shahara musamman a Jamaica. Callaloo abinci ne da ke ɗauke da kayan lambu masu ganye kamar alayyafo da wani lokacin okra da sauransu, kuma ana samunsa sosai a cikin Caribbean, tare da halaye na Afirka da na 'yan asalin ƙasar. Iri-iri na kayan zaki a yankin kuma yana nuna asalin cakuda na girke-girke. A wasu yankuna, ana iya ba da kek baƙar fata, wanda aka samo daga pudding na Kirsimeti na Ingilishi, musamman a lokuta na musamman. == Ta wurin zama ==   * [[Anguillian cuisine]] * [[Antigua and Barbuda cuisine]] * [[Culture of Aruba#Cuisine history|Aruban cuisine]] * [[Bahamian cuisine]] * [[Barbadian cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Cayman Islands#Cuisine|Cayman Islands cuisine]] * [[Cuban cuisine]] * [[Curaçao#Cuisine|Curaçaoan cuisine]] * [[Dominica cuisine]] * [[Dominican Republic cuisine]] * [[Culture of Grenada#Cuisine|Grenadan cuisine]] * [[Guadeloupe#Gastronomy|Guadeloupean cuisine]] * [[Haitian cuisine]] * [[Jamaican cuisine]] * [[Martinique#Cuisine|Martinique cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of Montserrat|Montserratian cuisine]] * [[Puerto Rican cuisine]] * [[Saint Barthélemy cuisine]] * [[Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis#Cuisine|Saint Kitts and Nevis cuisine]] * [[Saint Lucian cuisine]] * [[Trinidad and Tobago cuisine]] * [[Cuisine of the Turks and Caicos Islands|Turks and Caicos Islands cuisine]] * [[Culture of the Virgin Islands#Cuisine|Virgin Islands cuisine]] == Duba kuma == * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Foodlogo2.svg|alt=icon|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Food|Tashar abinci]]</span> * <span class="portalbox-image">[[File:Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png|alt=map|class=noviewer|32x32px]]</span><span class="portalbox-link">[[Portal:Caribbean|Tashar yanar gizo ta Caribbean]]</span> * Shirye-shiryen ƙasa * Jerin abinci * Abinci na Caribbean na kasar Sin * Abinci na kasar Sin na Puerto Rico == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} pcipllelrquiis4xp9w5fuesuosw351 0 166261 915970 2026-09-04T08:32:57Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371971350|Anja Feldmann]]" 915970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anja Feldmann''' (an haife ta 8 Maris 1966 a Bielefeld) ƙwararren masanin kwamfuta ne Bajamushe . == Ilimi da aiki == Feldmann ta yi karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Paderborn kuma ta sami digirinta a shekarar 1990. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, inda ta sami digirin M.Sc. a shekarar 1991 da kuma digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1995. Bayan shekaru huɗu na aikin digiri na uku a AT&amp;amp;T Labs Research, ta riƙe muƙaman bincike a Jami'ar Saarland da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Munich . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Neue Direktorin am Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik |url=https://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/news/press-releases/2017/neue-direktorin-am-max-planck-institut-fuer-informatik/ |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, an naɗa ta a matsayin farfesa a fannin ''gine-ginen Intanet na dakunan gwaje-gwaje'' na Telekom Innovation Laboratories a Technische Universität Berlin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=This Year's Speakers |url=http://www.visions-in-science.org/visions/visions2013/speaker.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032003/http://www.visions-in-science.org/visions/visions2013/speaker.html |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Visions in Science Shaping the Future}}</ref> A matsayinta na farfesa, bincikenta ya mayar da hankali kan auna intanet, injiniyan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, halayyar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da kuma magance matsalolin aikin hanyar sadarwa . Ta kuma gudanar da bincike kan gano kutse da kuma tsarin hanyar sadarwa . Ta yi aiki a kwamitoci sama da 50 kuma ta kasance shugabar SIGCOMM . Alex Snoeren ta ce "ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ingantaccen ilimin aunawa ta intanet." Daga cikin gudummawar da ta bayar, wataƙila an fi saninta da aikinta na tantance halayen zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da injiniyanci. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=2015 – 10 Women in Networking/Communications That You Should Know |url=http://n2women.comsoc.org/10-women-in-networkingcommunications-that-you-should-know/2015-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022061241/http://n2women.comsoc.org/10-women-in-networkingcommunications-that-you-should-know/2015-2/ |archive-date=22 October 2018 |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Networking Networking Women}}</ref> Tsakanin 2009 da 2013, Feldmann shi ne shugaban sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Technische University Berlin, Jamus. <ref name=":1" /> Daga 2012 zuwa farkon 2018, Feldmann ya zauna a ɓangaren ma'aikata na kwamitin kula da [[SAP]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=SAP nominiert Diane Greene für Aufsichtsrat |url=https://www.tagblatt.de/Nachrichten/SAP-nominiert-Diane-Greene-fuer-Aufsichtsrat-367732.html |access-date=17 April 2017 |website=Schwäbisches Tagblatt |publisher=Tagblatt}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2017, an naɗa ta a matsayin darakta a Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanai ta Max Planck, za ta mayar da hankali kan bincike kan tsarin gine-ginen Intanet . <ref name=":0" /> == Sauran ayyuka == * Cibiyar Fasaha ta Karlsruhe (KIT), Memba na Hukumar Kulawa == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * 2009: Memba na Leopoldina <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leopoldina National Academy of Sciences |url=http://websrv.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/1386/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215193736/http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/1386/ |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=30 May 2012 |format=}}</ref> * 2011: Kyautar Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Prize |url=http://www.tu-berlin.de/?id=98510 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> * 2011: Kyautar Kimiyya ta Berlin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Science Award 2011 |url=http://www.pressestelle.tu-berlin.de/newsportal/innenansichten/2011/tui1211_berliner_wissenschaftspreis_2011_fuer_anja_feldmann/ |access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> * 2023: Abokin Aikin ACM <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anja Feldmann |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/feldmann_3643361 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Award recipients |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] 23hqrz1e8nn3mij0clzmu1k5jthijyl 915972 915970 2026-09-04T08:33:19Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Anja Feldmann''' (an haife ta 8 Maris 1966 a Bielefeld) ƙwararren masanin kwamfuta ne Bajamushe . == Ilimi da aiki == Feldmann ta yi karatun kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar Paderborn kuma ta sami digirinta a shekarar 1990. Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Jami'ar Carnegie Mellon, inda ta sami digirin M.Sc. a shekarar 1991 da kuma digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1995. Bayan shekaru huɗu na aikin digiri na uku a AT&amp;amp;T Labs Research, ta riƙe muƙaman bincike a Jami'ar Saarland da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Munich . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Neue Direktorin am Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik |url=https://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/news/press-releases/2017/neue-direktorin-am-max-planck-institut-fuer-informatik/ |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik}}</ref> A shekara ta 2006, an naɗa ta a matsayin farfesa a fannin ''gine-ginen Intanet na dakunan gwaje-gwaje'' na Telekom Innovation Laboratories a Technische Universität Berlin . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=This Year's Speakers |url=http://www.visions-in-science.org/visions/visions2013/speaker.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032003/http://www.visions-in-science.org/visions/visions2013/speaker.html |archive-date=18 April 2018 |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Visions in Science Shaping the Future}}</ref> A matsayinta na farfesa, bincikenta ya mayar da hankali kan auna intanet, injiniyan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, halayyar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da kuma magance matsalolin aikin hanyar sadarwa . Ta kuma gudanar da bincike kan gano kutse da kuma tsarin hanyar sadarwa . Ta yi aiki a kwamitoci sama da 50 kuma ta kasance shugabar SIGCOMM . Alex Snoeren ta ce "ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ingantaccen ilimin aunawa ta intanet." Daga cikin gudummawar da ta bayar, wataƙila an fi saninta da aikinta na tantance halayen zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da injiniyanci. " <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=2015 – 10 Women in Networking/Communications That You Should Know |url=http://n2women.comsoc.org/10-women-in-networkingcommunications-that-you-should-know/2015-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022061241/http://n2women.comsoc.org/10-women-in-networkingcommunications-that-you-should-know/2015-2/ |archive-date=22 October 2018 |access-date=17 April 2017 |publisher=Networking Networking Women}}</ref> Tsakanin 2009 da 2013, Feldmann shi ne shugaban sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta da injiniyan lantarki a Jami'ar Technische University Berlin, Jamus. <ref name=":1" /> Daga 2012 zuwa farkon 2018, Feldmann ya zauna a ɓangaren ma'aikata na kwamitin kula da [[SAP]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=SAP nominiert Diane Greene für Aufsichtsrat |url=https://www.tagblatt.de/Nachrichten/SAP-nominiert-Diane-Greene-fuer-Aufsichtsrat-367732.html |access-date=17 April 2017 |website=Schwäbisches Tagblatt |publisher=Tagblatt}}</ref> A watan Oktoban 2017, an naɗa ta a matsayin darakta a Cibiyar Nazarin Bayanai ta Max Planck, za ta mayar da hankali kan bincike kan tsarin gine-ginen Intanet . <ref name=":0" /> == Sauran ayyuka == * Cibiyar Fasaha ta Karlsruhe (KIT), Memba na Hukumar Kulawa == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * 2009: Memba na Leopoldina <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leopoldina National Academy of Sciences |url=http://websrv.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/1386/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215193736/http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/member/1386/ |archive-date=15 February 2015 |access-date=30 May 2012 |format=}}</ref> * 2011: Kyautar Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz-Prize |url=http://www.tu-berlin.de/?id=98510 |access-date=31 December 2010}}</ref> * 2011: Kyautar Kimiyya ta Berlin <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Science Award 2011 |url=http://www.pressestelle.tu-berlin.de/newsportal/innenansichten/2011/tui1211_berliner_wissenschaftspreis_2011_fuer_anja_feldmann/ |access-date=30 May 2012}}</ref> * 2023: Abokin Aikin ACM <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anja Feldmann |url=https://awards.acm.org/award-recipients/feldmann_3643361 |access-date=2024-01-24 |website=Award recipients |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] igwggln337toqqnje4egvn26i7a7ifa 0 166262 915975 2026-09-04T08:37:50Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372331790|Katja Fennel]]" 915975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Katja Fennel''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar teku ce da ke nazarin tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan yanayin halittu na teku. Ita cikakkiyar farfesa ce a Sashen Nazarin Teku a Jami'ar Dalhousie, tsohuwar Shugabar Bincike ta Kanada a fannin hasashen teku, kuma babbar edita a mujallar ''Biogeosciences.'' == Rayuwa == An haifi Katja Fennel a Rostock . Mahaifinta farfesa ne kuma mai nazarin teku a Cibiyar Binciken Tekun Baltic ta Leibniz . Ɗan'uwanta farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Rostock. Katja Fennel ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar Rostock, inda ta rubuta takardar digirinta a fannin nazarin lambobi game da matakin Ekman . Ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a shekarar 1998 tare da digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin halittun ruwa . Bayan ta yi aikin digiri na uku a Cibiyar Nazarin Polar da Ruwa ta Alfred Wegener da ke Cibiyar, da kuma Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Rutgers a shekarar 2002. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka ta koma Jami'ar Dalhousie a matsayin Shugabar Bincike ta Kanada a fannin hasashen ruwa. A halin yanzu ita cikakkiyar farfesa ce a Sashen Nazarin Teku na Jami'ar Dalhousie. <ref name="dalbio">{{Cite web |title=Department of Oceanography: Katja Fennel |url=https://www.dal.ca/faculty/science/oceanography/people/faculty/katja-fennel.html |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=[[Dalhousie University]]}}</ref> Binciken Fennel ya mayar da hankali kan haɓakawa da amfani da samfuran lissafi don yin hasashen da fahimtar yanayin halittu na teku, musamman abubuwan da ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin matakan iskar oxygen da carbon. An ambaci littattafanta sau dubbai. Aikinta wani ɓangare ne na wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 2018 a cikin ''[[Canjin Yanayi|Nature Climate Change]]'' wanda ya gano alaƙa tsakanin kwararar ruwa da kuma saurin cire iskar oxygen daga Tekun St. Lawrence, wanda ƙungiyar ta danganta da manyan canje-canje a kwararar ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauyin yanayi. Fennel babban edita ne na ''Biogeosciences'', wani mujallar da ke ba da damar shiga yanar gizo game da [[Earth science|kimiyyar duniya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biogeosciences: An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union |url=https://www.biogeosciences.net/ |access-date=2019-02-09 |website=Biogeosciences |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Fennel ta kasance Malami a fannin zama a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Maryland . <ref name="ianmorris" /> A shekarar 2019 aka sanar da ita a matsayin babbar mai jawabi a taron kimiyya na Baltic Sea karo na 12. <ref name="baltic">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-25 |title=Renowned keynote speakers at the Baltic Sea Science Congress |url=https://www.su.se/ostersjocentrum/english/baltic-sea-science-congress-2019/programme/renowned-keynote-speakers-at-the-baltic-sea-science-congress-1.422006 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=Baltic Sea Centre |publisher=[[Stockholm University]]}}</ref> Fennel tana da littattafai sama da 200, wanda ya haifar da ambato sama da 5,700, da kuma ma'aunin h da ma'aunin i10 na 37 da 83 bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Fennel - Google Scholar Citations |url=https://scholar.google.ca/citations?hl=en&user=HeoyndMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=scholar.google.ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] augd0jmvynk9n3ldq8v8wy2bffavm33 915976 915975 2026-09-04T08:38:07Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Katja Fennel''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar teku ce da ke nazarin tasirin sauyin yanayi a kan yanayin halittu na teku. Ita cikakkiyar farfesa ce a Sashen Nazarin Teku a Jami'ar Dalhousie, tsohuwar Shugabar Bincike ta Kanada a fannin hasashen teku, kuma babbar edita a mujallar ''Biogeosciences.'' == Rayuwa == An haifi Katja Fennel a Rostock . Mahaifinta farfesa ne kuma mai nazarin teku a Cibiyar Binciken Tekun Baltic ta Leibniz . Ɗan'uwanta farfesa ne a fannin kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Rostock. Katja Fennel ta yi karatun lissafi a Jami'ar Rostock, inda ta rubuta takardar digirinta a fannin nazarin lambobi game da matakin Ekman . Ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a shekarar 1998 tare da digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin halittun ruwa . Bayan ta yi aikin digiri na uku a Cibiyar Nazarin Polar da Ruwa ta Alfred Wegener da ke Cibiyar, da kuma Jami'ar Jihar Oregon, ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Rutgers a shekarar 2002. Shekaru huɗu bayan haka ta koma Jami'ar Dalhousie a matsayin Shugabar Bincike ta Kanada a fannin hasashen ruwa. A halin yanzu ita cikakkiyar farfesa ce a Sashen Nazarin Teku na Jami'ar Dalhousie. <ref name="dalbio">{{Cite web |title=Department of Oceanography: Katja Fennel |url=https://www.dal.ca/faculty/science/oceanography/people/faculty/katja-fennel.html |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=[[Dalhousie University]]}}</ref> Binciken Fennel ya mayar da hankali kan haɓakawa da amfani da samfuran lissafi don yin hasashen da fahimtar yanayin halittu na teku, musamman abubuwan da ke haifar da canje-canje a cikin matakan iskar oxygen da carbon. An ambaci littattafanta sau dubbai. Aikinta wani ɓangare ne na wani littafi da aka buga a shekarar 2018 a cikin ''[[Canjin Yanayi|Nature Climate Change]]'' wanda ya gano alaƙa tsakanin kwararar ruwa da kuma saurin cire iskar oxygen daga Tekun St. Lawrence, wanda ƙungiyar ta danganta da manyan canje-canje a kwararar ruwa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sauyin yanayi. Fennel babban edita ne na ''Biogeosciences'', wani mujallar da ke ba da damar shiga yanar gizo game da [[Earth science|kimiyyar duniya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biogeosciences: An interactive open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union |url=https://www.biogeosciences.net/ |access-date=2019-02-09 |website=Biogeosciences |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Fennel ta kasance Malami a fannin zama a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Muhalli ta Jami'ar Maryland . <ref name="ianmorris" /> A shekarar 2019 aka sanar da ita a matsayin babbar mai jawabi a taron kimiyya na Baltic Sea karo na 12. <ref name="baltic">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-25 |title=Renowned keynote speakers at the Baltic Sea Science Congress |url=https://www.su.se/ostersjocentrum/english/baltic-sea-science-congress-2019/programme/renowned-keynote-speakers-at-the-baltic-sea-science-congress-1.422006 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=Baltic Sea Centre |publisher=[[Stockholm University]]}}</ref> Fennel tana da littattafai sama da 200, wanda ya haifar da ambato sama da 5,700, da kuma ma'aunin h da ma'aunin i10 na 37 da 83 bi da bi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katja Fennel - Google Scholar Citations |url=https://scholar.google.ca/citations?hl=en&user=HeoyndMAAAAJ&view_op=list_works |access-date=2020-03-08 |website=scholar.google.ca}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6q9ifjd1v1rp5m7s4xqqc408s24pybm 0 166263 915977 2026-09-04T08:39:15Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256656713|Annemarie von Gabain]]" 915977 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annemarie von Gabain''' (7 ga Afrilu 1901 - 15 ga Janairu 1993) ƙwararriyar masaniyar Jamus ce wadda ta yi aiki a fannin nazarin harsunan Turkiyya, a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar harsuna da kuma a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar fasaha. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gabain a Morhange a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1901. <ref name="tda93">{{Cite journal |last=Mehmet Ölmez |year=1993 |title=Annemarie von Gabain |url=http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_Yitirdiklerimiz_Annemarie_von%20Gabain.pdf |journal=Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları |pages=289–292}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur von Gabain, janar ne kuma daga dangin Furotesta, Hugenotte. Duk da haka, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a matsayin Katolika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jens Peter Laut |year=1995 |title=Annemarie von Gabain 1901-1993 |url=http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/4593/pdf/Laut_Annemarie_von_Gabain_1901_1993.pdf |journal=Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen |volume=52 |pages=367–374}}</ref> Gabain ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a [[Mainz]] da Brandenburg . Ta je [[Berlin]] don neman ilimin jami'a. Ta ɗauki darussa kan lissafi, kimiyya, [[Sinology]] da Turcology . <ref name="tda93" /> Ta kammala digirin digirgir a fannin Sinology. Daga nan Von Gabain ya yi karatun Turcology tare da [[Johann Wilhelm Bang Kaup]] wanda shi ne ya kafa makarantar koyon harshen Turkici ta Berlin. Daga baya, ta fara aiki a kan kayan tarihi na Turkawa da aka ajiye a Kwalejin Kimiyya da ke Berlin. <ref name="ei" /> == Ayyuka == Gabain ya buga littattafai da yawa kan ilimin halittu da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya. * (1973). ''Das Leben im uigurischen Konigreich von Qoco: (850-1250)'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas. Uralo-Altaica), Harrassowitz,{{ISBN|344701296X}} . * (1979). ''Einfuhrung in die Zentralasienkunde.'' ''Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft'' .{{ISBN|3534071360}} * (1987). ''Die Formensprache der uigurischen Malerei'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica).{{ISBN|3447027495}} == Mutuwa == Gabain ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1993 a Berlin. <ref name="tda93" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] bf1grxhydkiidbkhldddwzpa6zfcmiz 915978 915977 2026-09-04T08:39:42Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Annemarie von Gabain''' (7 ga Afrilu 1901 - 15 ga Janairu 1993) ƙwararriyar masaniyar Jamus ce wadda ta yi aiki a fannin nazarin harsunan Turkiyya, a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar harsuna da kuma a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar fasaha. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gabain a Morhange a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1901. <ref name="tda93">{{Cite journal |last=Mehmet Ölmez |year=1993 |title=Annemarie von Gabain |url=http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_Yitirdiklerimiz_Annemarie_von%20Gabain.pdf |journal=Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları |pages=289–292}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur von Gabain, janar ne kuma daga dangin Furotesta, Hugenotte. Duk da haka, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a matsayin Katolika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jens Peter Laut |year=1995 |title=Annemarie von Gabain 1901-1993 |url=http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/4593/pdf/Laut_Annemarie_von_Gabain_1901_1993.pdf |journal=Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen |volume=52 |pages=367–374}}</ref> Gabain ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a [[Mainz]] da Brandenburg . Ta je [[Berlin]] don neman ilimin jami'a. Ta ɗauki darussa kan lissafi, kimiyya, [[Sinology]] da Turcology . <ref name="tda93" /> Ta kammala digirin digirgir a fannin Sinology. Daga nan Von Gabain ya yi karatun Turcology tare da [[Johann Wilhelm Bang Kaup]] wanda shi ne ya kafa makarantar koyon harshen Turkici ta Berlin. Daga baya, ta fara aiki a kan kayan tarihi na Turkawa da aka ajiye a Kwalejin Kimiyya da ke Berlin. <ref name="ei" /> == Ayyuka == Gabain ya buga littattafai da yawa kan ilimin halittu da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya. * (1973). ''Das Leben im uigurischen Konigreich von Qoco: (850-1250)'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas. Uralo-Altaica), Harrassowitz,{{ISBN|344701296X}} . * (1979). ''Einfuhrung in die Zentralasienkunde.'' ''Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft'' .{{ISBN|3534071360}} * (1987). ''Die Formensprache der uigurischen Malerei'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica).{{ISBN|3447027495}} == Mutuwa == Gabain ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1993 a Berlin. <ref name="tda93" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] qwvsovv356ae7l6bjnvhw6bw5e1k4ed 916013 915978 2026-09-04T09:01:58Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1256656713|Annemarie von Gabain]]" 916013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annemarie von Gabain''' (7 ga Afrilu 1901 - 15 ga Janairu 1993) ƙwararriyar masaniyar Jamus ce wadda ta yi aiki a fannin nazarin harsunan Turkiyya, a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar harsuna da kuma a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar fasaha. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gabain a Morhange a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1901. <ref name="tda93">{{Cite journal |last=Mehmet Ölmez |year=1993 |title=Annemarie von Gabain |url=http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_Yitirdiklerimiz_Annemarie_von%20Gabain.pdf |journal=Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları |pages=289–292}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur von Gabain, janar ne kuma daga dangin Furotesta, Hugenotte. Duk da haka, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a matsayin Katolika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jens Peter Laut |year=1995 |title=Annemarie von Gabain 1901-1993 |url=http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/4593/pdf/Laut_Annemarie_von_Gabain_1901_1993.pdf |journal=Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen |volume=52 |pages=367–374}}</ref> Gabain ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a [[Mainz]] da Brandenburg . Ta je [[Berlin]] don neman ilimin jami'a. Ta ɗauki darussa kan lissafi, kimiyya, [[Sinology]] da Turcology . <ref name="tda93" /> Ta kammala digirin digirgir a fannin Sinology. Daga nan Von Gabain ya yi karatun Turcology tare da [[Johann Wilhelm Bang Kaup]] wanda shi ne ya kafa makarantar koyon harshen Turkici ta Berlin. Daga baya, ta fara aiki a kan kayan tarihi na Turkawa da aka ajiye a Kwalejin Kimiyya da ke Berlin. <ref name="ei" /> == Ayyuka == Gabain ya buga littattafai da yawa kan ilimin halittu da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya. * (1973). ''Das Leben im uigurischen Konigreich von Qoco: (850-1250)'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas. Uralo-Altaica), Harrassowitz,{{ISBN|344701296X}} . * (1979). ''Einfuhrung in die Zentralasienkunde.'' ''Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft'' .{{ISBN|3534071360}} * (1987). ''Die Formensprache der uigurischen Malerei'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica).{{ISBN|3447027495}} == Mutuwa == Gabain ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1993 a Berlin. <ref name="tda93" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] bf1grxhydkiidbkhldddwzpa6zfcmiz 916014 916013 2026-09-04T09:02:14Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Annemarie von Gabain''' (7 ga Afrilu 1901 - 15 ga Janairu 1993) ƙwararriyar masaniyar Jamus ce wadda ta yi aiki a fannin nazarin harsunan Turkiyya, a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar harsuna da kuma a matsayinta na ƙwararriyar masaniyar fasaha. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Gabain a Morhange a ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 1901. <ref name="tda93">{{Cite journal |last=Mehmet Ölmez |year=1993 |title=Annemarie von Gabain |url=http://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/ESKI%20TURK%20DILI/mehmet_olmez_Yitirdiklerimiz_Annemarie_von%20Gabain.pdf |journal=Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları |pages=289–292}}</ref> Mahaifinta, Arthur von Gabain, janar ne kuma daga dangin Furotesta, Hugenotte. Duk da haka, mahaifiyarta ta rene ta a matsayin Katolika. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jens Peter Laut |year=1995 |title=Annemarie von Gabain 1901-1993 |url=http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/4593/pdf/Laut_Annemarie_von_Gabain_1901_1993.pdf |journal=Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen |volume=52 |pages=367–374}}</ref> Gabain ya yi karatun firamare da sakandare a [[Mainz]] da Brandenburg . Ta je [[Berlin]] don neman ilimin jami'a. Ta ɗauki darussa kan lissafi, kimiyya, [[Sinology]] da Turcology . <ref name="tda93" /> Ta kammala digirin digirgir a fannin Sinology. Daga nan Von Gabain ya yi karatun Turcology tare da [[Johann Wilhelm Bang Kaup]] wanda shi ne ya kafa makarantar koyon harshen Turkici ta Berlin. Daga baya, ta fara aiki a kan kayan tarihi na Turkawa da aka ajiye a Kwalejin Kimiyya da ke Berlin. <ref name="ei" /> == Ayyuka == Gabain ya buga littattafai da yawa kan ilimin halittu da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya. * (1973). ''Das Leben im uigurischen Konigreich von Qoco: (850-1250)'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas. Uralo-Altaica), Harrassowitz,{{ISBN|344701296X}} . * (1979). ''Einfuhrung in die Zentralasienkunde.'' ''Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft'' .{{ISBN|3534071360}} * (1987). ''Die Formensprache der uigurischen Malerei'' (Veroffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica).{{ISBN|3447027495}} == Mutuwa == Gabain ya mutu a ranar 15 ga Janairun 1993 a Berlin. <ref name="tda93" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1901]] qwvsovv356ae7l6bjnvhw6bw5e1k4ed 0 166264 915979 2026-09-04T08:42:31Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1371971188|Angela D. Friederici]]" 915979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Friederici''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) darakta ce a Cibiyar Max Planck don Kimiyyar Fahimtar Dan Adam da Kwakwalwa da ke Leipzig, Jamus, kuma ƙwararriya ce da aka sani a duniya a [[Hanyoyin bincike a kimiyyar fahimta|fannin kimiyyar fahimi]], ilimin halittar jiki, da harsuna . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=25 July 2018 |title=Professor Angela Friederici – The Neurobiology of the Human Language System |url=https://www.scientia.global/professor-angela-friederici-the-neurobiology-of-the-human-language-system/ |journal=Scientia.global (Science Communication Article) |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> Ita ce ta rubuta littattafai sama da 400 na ilimi da babi-babi na littattafai, kuma ta gyara littattafai 15 kan harsuna, ilimin jijiyoyi, harshe da [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]]. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Friederici a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus a shekarar 1952. Daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1976, ta yi karatun ilimin harsuna a Jami'ar Bonn (Jamus) da Jami'ar Lausanne (Switzerland), inda ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin harsuna a shekarar 1976. A shekarar 1975, ta fara karatun [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a Jami'ar Bonn kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (Jamusanci: Dipl.-Psych.) a shekarar 1980. A shekarar 1986, ta kammala digirinta na farfesa ( Habilitation ) a [[Jami'ar Giessen]] . Bayan samun gurbin karatu na digiri na uku a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Max Planck don Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Jami'ar Paris Descartes, an ba Angela Friederici digirin farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta Jami'ar Free Berlin a shekarar 1989. A shekarar 1994, ta zama Darakta ta farko kuma memba ta kimiyya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki ta Max Planck da ke Leipzig, wadda ta zama Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyyar Kwakwalwa ta Max Planck a shekarar 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angela D. Friederici CV |url=https://www.cbs.mpg.de/employees/friederici/cv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015939/https://www.cbs.mpg.de/employees/friederici/cv |archive-date=7 February 2019 |access-date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science}}</ref> Friederici kuma tana da matsayin farfesa na girmamawa ( Honorarprofessor ) daga [[Jami'ar Leipzig]] (tun 1995) don ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, Jami'ar Potsdam don Ilimin Harsuna a Faculty of [[Falsafa|Philosophy]] (tun 1997) da kuma [[Ilimin magunguna|Medicine]] a Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin (tun 2004). Binciken Friederici ya mayar da hankali ne kan yadda kwakwalwar ɗan adam ke sarrafa harshe, yana nazarin koyon harshe na farko da na biyu da kuma amfani da shi. Ita ce ta farko da ta bayar da rahoton farkon rashin daidaiton hagu (ELAN), martanin EEG ga keta haddin kalmomi a cikin jimloli. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friederici, A.D. |last2=Pfeifer, E. |last3=Hahne, A. |year=1993 |title=Event related potentials during natural speech processing |journal=Cognitive Brain Research |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=183–192 |doi=10.1016/0926-6410(93)90026-2 |pmid=8257874 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friederici A.D. |year=2004 |title=Event-related brain potential studies in language |journal=Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=466–70 |doi=10.1007/s11910-004-0070-0 |pmid=15509448 |s2cid=46656614}}</ref> Littafinta na shekarar 2017 ''mai suna "Language in our Brain"'' ya samu goyon bayan [[Noam Chomsky]], inda ta bayyana matsayinta na yanzu kan nazarin kwayoyin halitta game da kwayar halittar FOXP2 . A shafi na 222, Friederici ya ce: "An gabatar da cewa FOXP2 kwayar halitta ce da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a magana da harshe saboda an gano maye gurbin wannan kwayar halitta a cikin iyali da ke da matsalolin magana da harshe, kodayake waɗannan sun fi alaƙa da magana maimakon matsalolin harshe. Duk da haka, an ƙalubalanci ra'ayin saboda dalilai da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin dalili shine cewa ana iya samun FOXP2 a cikin birai marasa ɗan adam, beraye, tsuntsaye, da kifi, don haka a cikin dabbobi waɗanda ba sa magana." == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * Kyautar Alfred Krupp ga Matasan Masana Kimiyya na Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation 1990 * Kyautar Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ta Gidauniyar Bincike ta Jamus a 1997 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leibniz Prize |url=https://www.mpg.de/Leibniz-Prize |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> * Jami'ar Mainz ta ba wa Farfesa (Johannes Gutenberg-Stiftungsprofessur) 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2009 |title=Angela Friederici ist Inhaberin der 11. Johannes Gutenberg-Stiftungsprofessur |trans-title=Angela Friederici is the winner of the 11th Johannes-Gutenberg endowed professorship |url=http://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/33048.php |access-date=4 February 2019 |language=de}}</ref> * Carl Friedrich Gauss-Lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar kimiyya ta Brunswick (2011) * Lambar Wilhelm Wundt ta Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jamus (2018) * Dokar Kyauta ta Jihar Saxony Mai 'Yanci (2018) * Zaɓen Memba Mai Girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Harsuna ta Amurka (2019) Ita memba ce a cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Edita ko Kimiyya na: ''Kwakwalwa da Fahimta'' (Editan Aiki), ''Kwakwalwa da Harshe'', ''Fahimtar Jiki'' (Editan Aiki), ''Kwata-kwata na Kimiyyar Fahimta'', ''Gehirn & Geist'', ''Mujallar Fahimtar Jiki'', ''Mujallar Ƙwaƙwalwa da Harshe'', ''Mujallar Binciken Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam'', ''Neurolinguistic'', ''Bita kan Ilimin Halayyar'' Dan Adam, ''Bulletin & Bita'' ''kan Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan'' Adam, ''Kamus na Hankali'', ''Sauye-sauye a Kimiyyar Fahimta'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angela Friederici – Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Friederici_Angela/CV |access-date=2026-03-02 |publisher=Academia Europaea}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2019}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] ow7ljdqzpg3rq07djcblc7faiews2t5 915980 915979 2026-09-04T08:42:53Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Angela Friederici''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1952) darakta ce a Cibiyar Max Planck don Kimiyyar Fahimtar Dan Adam da Kwakwalwa da ke Leipzig, Jamus, kuma ƙwararriya ce da aka sani a duniya a [[Hanyoyin bincike a kimiyyar fahimta|fannin kimiyyar fahimi]], ilimin halittar jiki, da harsuna . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=25 July 2018 |title=Professor Angela Friederici – The Neurobiology of the Human Language System |url=https://www.scientia.global/professor-angela-friederici-the-neurobiology-of-the-human-language-system/ |journal=Scientia.global (Science Communication Article) |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> Ita ce ta rubuta littattafai sama da 400 na ilimi da babi-babi na littattafai, kuma ta gyara littattafai 15 kan harsuna, ilimin jijiyoyi, harshe da [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]]. == Rayuwar farko da aiki == An haifi Friederici a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus a shekarar 1952. Daga shekarar 1970 zuwa 1976, ta yi karatun ilimin harsuna a Jami'ar Bonn (Jamus) da Jami'ar Lausanne (Switzerland), inda ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin harsuna a shekarar 1976. A shekarar 1975, ta fara karatun [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] a Jami'ar Bonn kuma ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam (Jamusanci: Dipl.-Psych.) a shekarar 1980. A shekarar 1986, ta kammala digirinta na farfesa ( Habilitation ) a [[Jami'ar Giessen]] . Bayan samun gurbin karatu na digiri na uku a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai bincike a Cibiyar Max Planck don Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam da Jami'ar Paris Descartes, an ba Angela Friederici digirin farfesa a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam ta Jami'ar Free Berlin a shekarar 1989. A shekarar 1994, ta zama Darakta ta farko kuma memba ta kimiyya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Jijiyoyin Jiki ta Max Planck da ke Leipzig, wadda ta zama Cibiyar Nazarin Ilimin Kimiyyar Kwakwalwa ta Max Planck a shekarar 2004. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angela D. Friederici CV |url=https://www.cbs.mpg.de/employees/friederici/cv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015939/https://www.cbs.mpg.de/employees/friederici/cv |archive-date=7 February 2019 |access-date=4 February 2019 |publisher=Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Science}}</ref> Friederici kuma tana da matsayin farfesa na girmamawa ( Honorarprofessor ) daga [[Jami'ar Leipzig]] (tun 1995) don ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, Jami'ar Potsdam don Ilimin Harsuna a Faculty of [[Falsafa|Philosophy]] (tun 1997) da kuma [[Ilimin magunguna|Medicine]] a Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin (tun 2004). Binciken Friederici ya mayar da hankali ne kan yadda kwakwalwar ɗan adam ke sarrafa harshe, yana nazarin koyon harshe na farko da na biyu da kuma amfani da shi. Ita ce ta farko da ta bayar da rahoton farkon rashin daidaiton hagu (ELAN), martanin EEG ga keta haddin kalmomi a cikin jimloli. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friederici, A.D. |last2=Pfeifer, E. |last3=Hahne, A. |year=1993 |title=Event related potentials during natural speech processing |journal=Cognitive Brain Research |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=183–192 |doi=10.1016/0926-6410(93)90026-2 |pmid=8257874 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Friederici A.D. |year=2004 |title=Event-related brain potential studies in language |journal=Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=466–70 |doi=10.1007/s11910-004-0070-0 |pmid=15509448 |s2cid=46656614}}</ref> Littafinta na shekarar 2017 ''mai suna "Language in our Brain"'' ya samu goyon bayan [[Noam Chomsky]], inda ta bayyana matsayinta na yanzu kan nazarin kwayoyin halitta game da kwayar halittar FOXP2 . A shafi na 222, Friederici ya ce: "An gabatar da cewa FOXP2 kwayar halitta ce da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a magana da harshe saboda an gano maye gurbin wannan kwayar halitta a cikin iyali da ke da matsalolin magana da harshe, kodayake waɗannan sun fi alaƙa da magana maimakon matsalolin harshe. Duk da haka, an ƙalubalanci ra'ayin saboda dalilai da yawa. Ɗaya daga cikin dalili shine cewa ana iya samun FOXP2 a cikin birai marasa ɗan adam, beraye, tsuntsaye, da kifi, don haka a cikin dabbobi waɗanda ba sa magana." == Lambobin yabo da girmamawa == * Kyautar Alfred Krupp ga Matasan Masana Kimiyya na Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation 1990 * Kyautar Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ta Gidauniyar Bincike ta Jamus a 1997 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leibniz Prize |url=https://www.mpg.de/Leibniz-Prize |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref> * Jami'ar Mainz ta ba wa Farfesa (Johannes Gutenberg-Stiftungsprofessur) 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2009 |title=Angela Friederici ist Inhaberin der 11. Johannes Gutenberg-Stiftungsprofessur |trans-title=Angela Friederici is the winner of the 11th Johannes-Gutenberg endowed professorship |url=http://www.uni-mainz.de/presse/33048.php |access-date=4 February 2019 |language=de}}</ref> * Carl Friedrich Gauss-Lambar yabo ta ƙungiyar kimiyya ta Brunswick (2011) * Lambar Wilhelm Wundt ta Ƙungiyar Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam ta Jamus (2018) * Dokar Kyauta ta Jihar Saxony Mai 'Yanci (2018) * Zaɓen Memba Mai Girmamawa na Ƙungiyar Harsuna ta Amurka (2019) Ita memba ce a cikin Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Edita ko Kimiyya na: ''Kwakwalwa da Fahimta'' (Editan Aiki), ''Kwakwalwa da Harshe'', ''Fahimtar Jiki'' (Editan Aiki), ''Kwata-kwata na Kimiyyar Fahimta'', ''Gehirn & Geist'', ''Mujallar Fahimtar Jiki'', ''Mujallar Ƙwaƙwalwa da Harshe'', ''Mujallar Binciken Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam'', ''Neurolinguistic'', ''Bita kan Ilimin Halayyar'' Dan Adam, ''Bulletin & Bita'' ''kan Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, Nazarin Ilimin Halayyar Dan'' Adam, ''Kamus na Hankali'', ''Sauye-sauye a Kimiyyar Fahimta'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Angela Friederici – Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/User/Friederici_Angela/CV |access-date=2026-03-02 |publisher=Academia Europaea}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2019}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 0yk98z7t5zw4cok23vcb089z8kbjq5u 0 166265 915981 2026-09-04T08:43:09Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356372387|Julia Fischer]]" 915981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Fischer''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1983) ƙwararriyar mai wasan goge, mai wasan goge, da kuma mai wasan piano ce ta Jamus. Tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich kuma tana yin wasan kwaikwayo har sau 60 a shekara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Julia Fischer 'yar asalin Jamus ce - Slovak. Iyayenta sun haɗu a lokacin da suke ɗalibai a [[Prag|Prague]] . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Viera Fischer (née Krenková). Mahaifinta, Frank-Michael Fischer, masanin lissafi daga Gabashin Jamus, shi ma ya ƙaura daga Gabashin Saxony zuwa Yammacin Jamus a shekarar 1972. Baya ga Jamusanci, Fischer yana kuma iya magana da Turanci da Faransanci. Fischer ta fara buga goge kafin cikarta shekara huɗu kuma ta sami darasi na farko daga Helge Thelen. Bayan 'yan watanni, ta fara koyon piano daga mahaifiyarta. Fischer ya taɓa cewa, "Mahaifiyata ƙwararriyar mai buga piano ce kuma ni ma ina son buga piano, amma tunda babban ɗan'uwana shi ma yana buga piano, na yi tunanin zai yi kyau in koyi wani kayan kida. Na yarda in gwada gogen kuma na ci gaba da amfani da shi." Fischer ta kuma goyi bayan imanin mahaifiyarta cewa ilimin kiɗa na kowane iri ya kamata ya haɗa da muhimman abubuwan piano don faɗaɗa kundin waƙoƙi da ilimin jituwa, ka'ida, da salo. Tana da shekaru takwas, ta fara karatunta na goge a makarantar koyon goge ta Leopold Mozart Conservatory da ke Augsburg, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Lydia Dubrovskaya. Lokacin da take da shekaru tara, an shigar da ita Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich, inda ta yi aiki tare da Ana Chumachenco . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara goma sha biyu, ta fara buga waƙar Violin Concerto ta [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] a garin mahaifiyarta da ke [[Slofakiya|Gabashin Slovakia]], daga baya kuma ta sake buga wa tare da Yehudi Menuhin a Vienna. Beethoven ita ce kuma mawakin da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta suka fi so. Iyayen Fischer sun rabu lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha uku. Tun tana ƙarama , Glenn Gould, Evgeny Kissin, da Maxim Vengerov sun yi mata wahayi. == Gasassun gasa == Gasa biyu sun bayyana farkon aikin Fischer a matsayin ƙwararren mai yin goge. Gasar da Fischer ta lashe mafi shahara ita ce Gasar Violin ta Yahudawa ta Duniya ta 1995, wadda aka gudanar a Folkestone ƙarƙashin kulawar Yehudi Menuhin . Waƙarta ta sami kyautarta ta farko a rukunin matasa da kuma duk kyaututtukan musamman, gami da kyautar Bach don mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici na aikin mawaƙin. <ref name="juliafischerprofileweltamsonntag2002">[https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article111152/Die-Geige-ist-ihre-beste-Freundin.html Julia Fischer – Die Geige ist ihre beste Freundin], article by Martina Kausch, Welt am Sonntag, 29 December 2002 {{In lang|de}}.</ref> Ɗan jaridar kiɗa Edward Greenfield ya ce, "Na fara jin Julia Fischer a shekarar 1995 a lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12 a Gasar Yaƙin Yaƙin Yehudi Menuhin. Ba wai kawai ta yi nasara kai tsaye a rukunin matasa ba, har ma ta fi kowa kwarin gwiwa a fannin manyan makarantu." Malamarta a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich, Ana Chumachenco, ta ci gaba da riƙe Fischer a kan turba ta hanyar sanya ta yin aikin Sarasate mai wahala. A shekarar 1996, ta lashe wani babban gasa, wato Gasar Eurovision ta Takwas ga Matasa Masu Kayan Kida a Lisbon, wadda aka watsa a kasashe 22. == Fischer game da rikodi == Game da yin rikodin Pentatone, Fischer ya taɓa cewa: "Na sami tayi daga manyan kamfanoni amma babu wanda ya jawo hankali. Ba sai ka yi rikodin ba. Yakov [Kreizberg] ya yi magana da mutanen Pentatone da kuma ni kuma ya haɗa mu. Pentatone ya ba ni abin da nake rikodin da kuma mawakan da nake aiki da su zaɓi na; duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. Ina yin rikodin don in fuskanci wani abu da kuma taimaka mini in yi waƙa da kuma yin waƙa. Don faifan CD ɗin concerto, ni da Yakov mun yi magana game da waƙoƙin; na koyi abubuwa da yawa ta hakan." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julia Fischer |url=http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_features.php?id=2532 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402114454/http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_features.php?id=2532 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=www.classicalsource.com}}</ref> A cewar mujallar Strings, "Lokacin da Kreizberg ta nemi ta yi rikodi tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta ƙasa ta Rasha, ta ce eh, amma a ɓoye ta yi mamakin ko hakan zai faru, da sanin cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen yin rikodi na gaggawa sau da yawa suna ɓacewa cikin iska. Duk da haka bayan wasan kwaikwayonsu na ƙarshe a Philadelphia, Kreizberg ta riga ta sami kwanakin kuma ba zato ba tsammani Fischer, wacce ba ta ma yanke shawarar ko tana son fara yin rikodi akai-akai ba, ta yi kwangilar shekaru uku, mai CD bakwai tare da PentaTone, sabuwar ƙungiyar Dutch mai fasaha wacce tsoffin shugabannin Philips Classics ke jagoranta, kuma ɗaya daga cikin lakabin farko da suka rungumi sabuwar fasahar SACD 5.1-channel surround-sound." <ref name="allthingsstrings-profile">{{Cite web |title=Violinist Julia Fischer Exhibits Wisdom Beyond Her Years |url=http://www.allthingsstrings.com/News/Interviews-Profiles/Violinist-Julia-Fischer-Exhibits-Wisdom-Beyond-Her-Years |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035743/http://www.allthingsstrings.com/News/Interviews-Profiles/Violinist-Julia-Fischer-Exhibits-Wisdom-Beyond-Her-Years |archive-date=1 August 2013 |access-date=28 June 2012}}</ref> Labarin ya ci gaba da cewa "Ko da yake har yanzu tana cikin shakku, abin da ya yanke mata shawarar sanya hannu a kan layin da aka yi wa ado shi ne cewa Kreizberg ne zai jagoranci duk rikodin concerto." <ref name="allthingsstrings-profile" /> == Lambobi da girmamawa == Fischer ta lashe kyaututtuka biyar saboda buga gogenta da kuma kyaututtuka uku saboda buga piano a ''Jugend musiziert'' . Ta lashe dukkan gasa takwas da ta shiga. A shekarar 1997, Gidauniyar Masana'antu ta Turai ta ba Fischer kyautar "Prix d'Espoir". Ta sami damar buga goge na Mozart a ɗakin da aka haife shi a [[Salzburg]] don girmama cika shekaru 250 da haihuwarsa. * 1995: Kyauta ta 1 a gasar Yehudi Menuhin ta duniya, ban da kyautar musamman, "Mafi kyawun aikin Bach Solo". * 1996: Ya lashe gasar Eurovision ta 8 ga matasan masu kunna kayan kida a [[Lisbon]] * 1997: ''Kyautar Prix d'Espoir'' ta masana'antar kiɗa ta Turai * 1997: Kyautar bikin "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania" ta soloist * 1998: Kyautar Kiɗa ta EIG * 2000: Kyautar haɓaka Deutschlandfunk * 2005: Kyautar ECHO Klassik don CD ɗin ''violin na Rasha'' * 2005: Wanda ya lashe [[Zagayen Beethoven|Zoben Beethoven]] * 2006: A lokacin bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwar [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] a garinsu [[Salzburg]], Fischer ya buga violin na [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] (tare da Daniel Müller-Schott da Jonathan Gilad ). Game da taron, ta ce: "A cikin awa ɗaya ta farko ban iya yin duk abin da nake so ba, domin a zamanin [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart,]] goge-gogen sun yi gajeru sosai kuma ban saba da hakan ba". * 2006: "Kyautar Mujallar Kiɗa [[BBC|ta BBC]] ta 2006 Mafi Kyawun Sabon Zuwa" ga CD [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], Sonatas da Partitas don goge mai goge ɗaya (BWV 1001–1006) . * 2007: Kyautar Classic FM Gramophone Award ta Mawaki na Shekara. * 2007: Kyautar ECHO Klassik don CD ''Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto'' * 2009: Kyautar MIDEM Classical a matsayin "Mai Kayan Kayan Aiki na 2008". * 2023: Mai yin goge shi kaɗai a wurin [[Kyautar Nobel|wasan kwaikwayo na kyautar Nobel]] ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2023 |title=Nobel Prize Concert |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0m-xSV29ZI |website=YouTube |publisher=Nobel Prize}}</ref> * 2024: Rheingau Musik Preis == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fischer ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. Tana zaune a Gauting, wani yanki na garinsu na [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m7j68unufr3jam8kf8lbb2gwrfg5jig 915982 915981 2026-09-04T08:43:30Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Julia Fischer''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Yuni 1983) ƙwararriyar mai wasan goge, mai wasan goge, da kuma mai wasan piano ce ta Jamus. Tana koyarwa a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich kuma tana yin wasan kwaikwayo har sau 60 a shekara. == Tarihin Rayuwa == Julia Fischer 'yar asalin Jamus ce - Slovak. Iyayenta sun haɗu a lokacin da suke ɗalibai a [[Prag|Prague]] . Mahaifiyarta ita ce Viera Fischer (née Krenková). Mahaifinta, Frank-Michael Fischer, masanin lissafi daga Gabashin Jamus, shi ma ya ƙaura daga Gabashin Saxony zuwa Yammacin Jamus a shekarar 1972. Baya ga Jamusanci, Fischer yana kuma iya magana da Turanci da Faransanci. Fischer ta fara buga goge kafin cikarta shekara huɗu kuma ta sami darasi na farko daga Helge Thelen. Bayan 'yan watanni, ta fara koyon piano daga mahaifiyarta. Fischer ya taɓa cewa, "Mahaifiyata ƙwararriyar mai buga piano ce kuma ni ma ina son buga piano, amma tunda babban ɗan'uwana shi ma yana buga piano, na yi tunanin zai yi kyau in koyi wani kayan kida. Na yarda in gwada gogen kuma na ci gaba da amfani da shi." Fischer ta kuma goyi bayan imanin mahaifiyarta cewa ilimin kiɗa na kowane iri ya kamata ya haɗa da muhimman abubuwan piano don faɗaɗa kundin waƙoƙi da ilimin jituwa, ka'ida, da salo. Tana da shekaru takwas, ta fara karatunta na goge a makarantar koyon goge ta Leopold Mozart Conservatory da ke Augsburg, a ƙarƙashin kulawar Lydia Dubrovskaya. Lokacin da take da shekaru tara, an shigar da ita Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich, inda ta yi aiki tare da Ana Chumachenco . Lokacin da take 'yar shekara goma sha biyu, ta fara buga waƙar Violin Concerto ta [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]] a garin mahaifiyarta da ke [[Slofakiya|Gabashin Slovakia]], daga baya kuma ta sake buga wa tare da Yehudi Menuhin a Vienna. Beethoven ita ce kuma mawakin da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta suka fi so. Iyayen Fischer sun rabu lokacin da take da shekaru goma sha uku. Tun tana ƙarama , Glenn Gould, Evgeny Kissin, da Maxim Vengerov sun yi mata wahayi. == Gasassun gasa == Gasa biyu sun bayyana farkon aikin Fischer a matsayin ƙwararren mai yin goge. Gasar da Fischer ta lashe mafi shahara ita ce Gasar Violin ta Yahudawa ta Duniya ta 1995, wadda aka gudanar a Folkestone ƙarƙashin kulawar Yehudi Menuhin . Waƙarta ta sami kyautarta ta farko a rukunin matasa da kuma duk kyaututtukan musamman, gami da kyautar Bach don mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na kaɗaici na aikin mawaƙin. <ref name="juliafischerprofileweltamsonntag2002">[https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article111152/Die-Geige-ist-ihre-beste-Freundin.html Julia Fischer – Die Geige ist ihre beste Freundin], article by Martina Kausch, Welt am Sonntag, 29 December 2002 {{In lang|de}}.</ref> Ɗan jaridar kiɗa Edward Greenfield ya ce, "Na fara jin Julia Fischer a shekarar 1995 a lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12 a Gasar Yaƙin Yaƙin Yehudi Menuhin. Ba wai kawai ta yi nasara kai tsaye a rukunin matasa ba, har ma ta fi kowa kwarin gwiwa a fannin manyan makarantu." Malamarta a Jami'ar Kiɗa da Wasan Kwaikwayo ta Munich, Ana Chumachenco, ta ci gaba da riƙe Fischer a kan turba ta hanyar sanya ta yin aikin Sarasate mai wahala. A shekarar 1996, ta lashe wani babban gasa, wato Gasar Eurovision ta Takwas ga Matasa Masu Kayan Kida a Lisbon, wadda aka watsa a kasashe 22. == Fischer game da rikodi == Game da yin rikodin Pentatone, Fischer ya taɓa cewa: "Na sami tayi daga manyan kamfanoni amma babu wanda ya jawo hankali. Ba sai ka yi rikodin ba. Yakov [Kreizberg] ya yi magana da mutanen Pentatone da kuma ni kuma ya haɗa mu. Pentatone ya ba ni abin da nake rikodin da kuma mawakan da nake aiki da su zaɓi na; duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a gare ni. Ina yin rikodin don in fuskanci wani abu da kuma taimaka mini in yi waƙa da kuma yin waƙa. Don faifan CD ɗin concerto, ni da Yakov mun yi magana game da waƙoƙin; na koyi abubuwa da yawa ta hakan." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julia Fischer |url=http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_features.php?id=2532 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402114454/http://www.classicalsource.com/db_control/db_features.php?id=2532 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=www.classicalsource.com}}</ref> A cewar mujallar Strings, "Lokacin da Kreizberg ta nemi ta yi rikodi tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa ta ƙasa ta Rasha, ta ce eh, amma a ɓoye ta yi mamakin ko hakan zai faru, da sanin cewa irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen yin rikodi na gaggawa sau da yawa suna ɓacewa cikin iska. Duk da haka bayan wasan kwaikwayonsu na ƙarshe a Philadelphia, Kreizberg ta riga ta sami kwanakin kuma ba zato ba tsammani Fischer, wacce ba ta ma yanke shawarar ko tana son fara yin rikodi akai-akai ba, ta yi kwangilar shekaru uku, mai CD bakwai tare da PentaTone, sabuwar ƙungiyar Dutch mai fasaha wacce tsoffin shugabannin Philips Classics ke jagoranta, kuma ɗaya daga cikin lakabin farko da suka rungumi sabuwar fasahar SACD 5.1-channel surround-sound." <ref name="allthingsstrings-profile">{{Cite web |title=Violinist Julia Fischer Exhibits Wisdom Beyond Her Years |url=http://www.allthingsstrings.com/News/Interviews-Profiles/Violinist-Julia-Fischer-Exhibits-Wisdom-Beyond-Her-Years |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801035743/http://www.allthingsstrings.com/News/Interviews-Profiles/Violinist-Julia-Fischer-Exhibits-Wisdom-Beyond-Her-Years |archive-date=1 August 2013 |access-date=28 June 2012}}</ref> Labarin ya ci gaba da cewa "Ko da yake har yanzu tana cikin shakku, abin da ya yanke mata shawarar sanya hannu a kan layin da aka yi wa ado shi ne cewa Kreizberg ne zai jagoranci duk rikodin concerto." <ref name="allthingsstrings-profile" /> == Lambobi da girmamawa == Fischer ta lashe kyaututtuka biyar saboda buga gogenta da kuma kyaututtuka uku saboda buga piano a ''Jugend musiziert'' . Ta lashe dukkan gasa takwas da ta shiga. A shekarar 1997, Gidauniyar Masana'antu ta Turai ta ba Fischer kyautar "Prix d'Espoir". Ta sami damar buga goge na Mozart a ɗakin da aka haife shi a [[Salzburg]] don girmama cika shekaru 250 da haihuwarsa. * 1995: Kyauta ta 1 a gasar Yehudi Menuhin ta duniya, ban da kyautar musamman, "Mafi kyawun aikin Bach Solo". * 1996: Ya lashe gasar Eurovision ta 8 ga matasan masu kunna kayan kida a [[Lisbon]] * 1997: ''Kyautar Prix d'Espoir'' ta masana'antar kiɗa ta Turai * 1997: Kyautar bikin "Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania" ta soloist * 1998: Kyautar Kiɗa ta EIG * 2000: Kyautar haɓaka Deutschlandfunk * 2005: Kyautar ECHO Klassik don CD ɗin ''violin na Rasha'' * 2005: Wanda ya lashe [[Zagayen Beethoven|Zoben Beethoven]] * 2006: A lokacin bikin zagayowar ranar haihuwar [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] a garinsu [[Salzburg]], Fischer ya buga violin na [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]] (tare da Daniel Müller-Schott da Jonathan Gilad ). Game da taron, ta ce: "A cikin awa ɗaya ta farko ban iya yin duk abin da nake so ba, domin a zamanin [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart,]] goge-gogen sun yi gajeru sosai kuma ban saba da hakan ba". * 2006: "Kyautar Mujallar Kiɗa [[BBC|ta BBC]] ta 2006 Mafi Kyawun Sabon Zuwa" ga CD [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], Sonatas da Partitas don goge mai goge ɗaya (BWV 1001–1006) . * 2007: Kyautar Classic FM Gramophone Award ta Mawaki na Shekara. * 2007: Kyautar ECHO Klassik don CD ''Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto'' * 2009: Kyautar MIDEM Classical a matsayin "Mai Kayan Kayan Aiki na 2008". * 2023: Mai yin goge shi kaɗai a wurin [[Kyautar Nobel|wasan kwaikwayo na kyautar Nobel]] ta 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2023 |title=Nobel Prize Concert |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0m-xSV29ZI |website=YouTube |publisher=Nobel Prize}}</ref> * 2024: Rheingau Musik Preis == Rayuwa ta sirri == Fischer ya yi aure kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu. Tana zaune a Gauting, wani yanki na garinsu na [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ls4mcpqfsq3pw04tdxqb1l0navmx6j0 0 166266 915983 2026-09-04T08:44:41Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348940819|Constanze Geiert]]" 915983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constanze Geiert''' (an haife shi 24 Yuni 1976 a [[Dresden]]) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin ministan shari'a na Saxony tun 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staatsministerin Prof. Constanze Geiert, LL.M. |url=https://www.justiz.sachsen.de/smj/staatsministerin-und-staatssekretar-in-3990.html |publisher=[[Saxon State Ministry of Justice and for Democracy, European Affairs and Equality]] |language=de}}</ref> Ta kasance farfesa a [[Dokar Gudanarwa|fannin dokokin gudanarwa na musamman]] a [[:de:Hochschule Meißen (FH) und Fortbildungszentrum|HSF Meißen]] tun daga shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Constanze Geiert |url=https://www.bundesrat.de/SharedDocs/personen/DE/laender/sn/geiert-constanze.html |publisher=[[German Bundesrat]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] rygh6dn9osr2md3hajh68fjbmmycgts 915985 915983 2026-09-04T08:45:06Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Constanze Geiert''' (an haife shi 24 Yuni 1976 a [[Dresden]]) ɗan siyasan Jamus ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin ministan shari'a na Saxony tun 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staatsministerin Prof. Constanze Geiert, LL.M. |url=https://www.justiz.sachsen.de/smj/staatsministerin-und-staatssekretar-in-3990.html |publisher=[[Saxon State Ministry of Justice and for Democracy, European Affairs and Equality]] |language=de}}</ref> Ta kasance farfesa a [[Dokar Gudanarwa|fannin dokokin gudanarwa na musamman]] a [[:de:Hochschule Meißen (FH) und Fortbildungszentrum|HSF Meißen]] tun daga shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Constanze Geiert |url=https://www.bundesrat.de/SharedDocs/personen/DE/laender/sn/geiert-constanze.html |publisher=[[German Bundesrat]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 7a1egp9pqj5vnjqtrazdufrp6d8e9cc 0 166267 915984 2026-09-04T08:44:45Z Baffa ali 47435 Sabon shafi: '''Kiɗan pop''', ko kuma kawai pop, nau'in kiɗa ne mai farin jini wanda ya samo asali daga salon zamani a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a Amurka da Burtaniya. [1] A shekarun 1950 da 1960, wakokin pop sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin rock and roll da salon da suka shafi matasa. Wakokin rock da pop sun kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960, bayan haka pop ya zama alaƙa da kiɗan da ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Abubuwan da ke gano wakokin pop galibi sun h... 915984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiɗan pop''', ko kuma kawai pop, nau'in kiɗa ne mai farin jini wanda ya samo asali daga salon zamani a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a Amurka da Burtaniya. [1] A shekarun 1950 da 1960, wakokin pop sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin rock and roll da salon da suka shafi matasa. Wakokin rock da pop sun kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960, bayan haka pop ya zama alaƙa da kiɗan da ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Abubuwan da ke gano wakokin pop galibi sun haɗa da maimaita waƙoƙi da ƙugiya, waƙoƙin gajeru zuwa matsakaici waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsari na asali (sau da yawa tsarin baiti-mawaka ), da kuma waƙoƙi ko saurin da za a iya rawa cikin sauƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop suna kuma ɗaukar wasu abubuwa daga wasu salo kamar rock, hip-hop, urban, rawa, Latin, da country . Kalmomin kiɗan da aka fi sani da waƙar pop galibi ana amfani da su a musayar ra'ayi, domin na farko yana kwatanta duk waƙoƙin da aka yi niyya don jan hankalin jama'a (kwatanta kiɗan fasaha ) kuma ya ƙunshi salo daban-daban. ==Ma'anoni da kuma tushen== David Hatch da Stephen Millward sun kwatanta wakokin pop a matsayin "wani rukuni na kiɗa wanda za a iya bambanta shi da wakokin da suka shahara, jazz, da na gargajiya". [1] David Boyle, wani mai bincike kan kiɗa, ya bayyana waƙar pop a matsayin kowace irin waƙa da mutum ya taɓa gani a kafofin watsa labarai. [2] Yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa wakokin pop kawai jadawalin waƙoƙin mutum ɗaya ne ba jimlar duk waƙoƙin chart ba. Jadawalin waƙoƙin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi daga tushe daban-daban, ciki har da waƙoƙin gargajiya, jazz, rock, da sabbin waƙoƙi . A matsayin wani nau'in kiɗan pop, ana ganin yana wanzuwa kuma yana haɓaka daban. [3] Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" don bayyana wani nau'in kiɗa na musamman, wanda aka tsara don jawo hankalin kowa, wanda galibi ana siffanta shi da "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar aure nan take da nufin matasa" sabanin waƙar rock a matsayin "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar kundin waƙoƙi ga manya". [4] [2]Waƙar pop tana bunƙasa tare da ma'anar kalmar. A cewar marubucin kiɗa Bill Lamb, ana fassara kiɗan da aka fi sani da "waƙar tun daga masana'antu a shekarun 1800 wadda ta fi dacewa da dandano da sha'awar matsakaicin birni." [1] An fara amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" a shekarar 1926, a ma'anar wani waƙa "mai jan hankali". [2] Hatch da Millward sun nuna cewa abubuwa da yawa da suka faru a tarihin rikodi a shekarun 1920 ana iya ganin su a matsayin farkon masana'antar kiɗan pop ta zamani, gami da kiɗan ƙasa, blues, da hillbilly . [3]A cewar gidan yanar gizon The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, kalmar "pop music" "ta samo asali ne daga Birtaniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a matsayin bayanin rock and roll da sabbin salon wakokin matasa da ta yi tasiri a kansu". [1] Littafin Oxford Dictionary of Music ya bayyana cewa yayin da "ma'anar farko ta pop tana nufin kade-kade masu jan hankali ga masu sauraro da yawa [...] tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950, duk da haka, pop yana da ma'anar musamman ta musika marasa gargajiya, yawanci a cikin nau'in waƙoƙi, waɗanda masu fasaha kamar The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, ABBA, da sauransu suka yi." [2] Grove Music Online ya kuma ce "a farkon shekarun 1960, [kalmar] 'kiɗan pop' ta yi gogayya da kiɗan beat [a Ingila], yayin da a Amurka labaranta suka yi karo da (kamar yadda yake har yanzu) da na 'rock and roll ' . [1]Tun daga kusan shekarar 1967, kalmar "waƙar pop" ta ƙara yin amfani da ita wajen adawa da kalmar waƙar rock, wani ɓangare da ya ba da ma'ana ta gama gari ga kalmomin biyu. [1] Duk da cewa rock yana son sahihanci da faɗaɗa damar da ake da ita na waƙoƙin da aka fi so, [1] pop ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma ana iya samunsa. [2] A cewar masanin kiɗan Birtaniya Simon Frith, ana shirya wakokin pop ne "a matsayin batun kasuwanci ba fasaha ba", kuma an "ƙera su ne don jawo hankalin kowa" amma "ba ya fito daga wani wuri ko kuma yana nuna wani dandano na musamman ba". Frith ya ƙara da cewa "ba wani babban buri bane ke haifar da shi sai dai riba da lada ta kasuwanci ... kuma, a fannin kiɗa, ainihin ra'ayin mazan jiya ne". Ana "bayar da shi daga sama (ta hanyar kamfanonin rikodin, masu shirye-shiryen rediyo, da masu tallata kade-kade) maimakon a yi shi daga ƙasa. ... Pop ba kiɗan da za a yi da kanka ba ne amma an ƙera shi kuma an shirya shi da kyau". [3] ==Halaye== A cewar Frith, halayen wakokin pop sun haɗa da manufar jan hankalin jama'a, maimakon ga wani takamaiman al'ada ko akida, da kuma fifita sana'a maimakon halaye na "fasaha" na yau da kullun. [1] Bayan haka, Frith kuma yana bayar da halaye guda uku da ke gano wakokin pop: nishaɗin da ba su da sauƙi, abubuwan da suka shafi kasuwanci, da kuma gane mutum. Waƙoƙin pop sun samo asali ne daga wani abu mai sauƙi na nishaɗi da kuma al'ada mai sauƙin sauraro . [2] Wakokin pop sun fi ra'ayin mazan jiya fiye da sauran nau'ikan wakoki kamar na gargajiya, blues, country, da kuma al'ada. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop ba su ƙunshi jigogi na adawa, adawa, ko siyasa ba, maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan soyayya da dangantaka. Saboda haka, wakokin pop ba sa ƙalubalantar masu sauraronsu a fannin zamantakewa, kuma ba sa haifar da fafutukar siyasa. Frith ya kuma ce babban manufar wakokin pop ita ce samar da kudaden shiga. Ba hanyar da mutane ke amfani da ita wajen isar da sako ba ce. Madadin haka, wakokin pop suna neman cimma tausayi nan take tare da halayen da aka saba gani, ra'ayoyi marasa tushe, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo mai jan hankali wanda ke jan hankalin masu sauraro. [2] Masanin kiɗa Timothy Warner ya ce kiɗan pop yawanci yana mai da hankali kan rikodi, samarwa, da fasaha, maimakon wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye; yanayin nuna yanayin da ake ciki maimakon ci gaba mai ci gaba ; kuma yana neman ƙarfafa rawa ko amfani da waƙoƙin da suka shafi rawa. [3]Babban hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen yin waƙar pop ita ce waƙar, wadda take tsakanin mintuna biyu da rabi zuwa uku da rabi, wadda galibi take da tsari mai kyau da kuma tsari mai sauƙi na gargajiya. [1] Tsarin waƙoƙi da yawa da suka shahara shine na baiti da kuma waƙoƙin mawaƙa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa tana aiki a matsayin ɓangaren waƙar da aka tsara don ta makale a kunne ta hanyar maimaitawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar kiɗa da waƙa. Sau da yawa waƙar tana zuwa ne a matsayin waƙa kuma sau da yawa ana yin ta ne kafin ta zama "digo" inda sassan bass da ganguna "suka faɗi". [2] Bambance-bambancen da aka saba gani sun haɗa da siffar waƙoƙin baiti da siffar sanduna talatin da biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan waƙoƙi da ƙugiya masu jan hankali, da kuma waƙa da ke bambanta waƙa, tsari da jituwa da baiti . [3] Waƙar da waƙoƙin suna da sauƙi, tare da ɗan gajeren rakiyar harmonic. [4] Kalmomin waƙoƙin pop na zamani galibi suna mai da hankali ne kan jigogi masu sauƙi. - sau da yawa soyayya da dangantaka ta soyayya – kodayake akwai wasu keɓantattun abubuwa. [5]Sau da yawa, ci gaban jituwa da waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙin pop suna "na salon magana na gargajiya na Turai, amma sun fi sauƙi." [1] Waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Clichés sun haɗa da jituwa irin ta salon aski (watau ii – V – I) da jituwa mai tasiri ga sikelin blues . [2] An samu raguwar tasirin ra'ayoyin gargajiya na da'irar biyar tsakanin tsakiyar shekarun 1950 da ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gami da ƙarancin rinjaye ga aikin da ya fi rinjaye . [3]A watan Oktoba na 2023, Billboard ya tattara jerin "mafi kyawun waƙoƙin pop 500". A yin haka, sun lura da wahalar bayyana "waƙoƙin pop": ==Ci gaba da tasiri== A shekarun 1940, ingantaccen ƙirar makirufo ya ba da damar yin salon waƙa mafi kusanci, kuma, bayan shekaru goma ko ashirin, rikodin rpm 45 masu araha kuma masu ɗorewa ga marasa aure "ya kawo sauyi kan yadda aka yaɗa waƙar pop", wanda ya taimaka wajen mayar da waƙar pop zuwa "tsarin rikodin/rediyo/tauraron fina-finai". [1] Wani sauyi a fasaha shi ne yawan talabijin a shekarun 1950 tare da shirye-shiryen talabijin, wanda ke nufin cewa "taurarin pop dole ne su kasance suna da gani". [1] A shekarun 1960, gabatar da rediyon transistor mai araha da sauƙin ɗauka yana nufin cewa matasa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba za su iya sauraron kiɗa a wajen gida. [1] A farkon shekarun 1980, haɓaka tashoshin talabijin na kiɗa sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban waƙoƙin pop, ciki har da MTV, wanda "ya fifita waɗannan mawakan kamar Michael Jackson da Madonna waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan kyan gani". [1]An kuma yi amfani da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa (daga shekarun 1960) da kuma samfurin dijital (daga shekarun 1980) a matsayin hanyoyin ƙirƙira da kuma fayyace waƙoƙin pop. [1] A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, wakokin pop sun yi ta yaɗa sabbin sautuka, salo, da dabarun da suka zaburar da tattaunawa tsakanin masu sauraronsu. An yi amfani da kalmar "ci gaba" akai-akai, kuma an yi tunanin cewa kowace waƙa da waƙa za su zama "ci gaba" daga ƙarshe. [2] Mai sukar kiɗa Simon Reynolds ya rubuta cewa tun daga shekarar 1967, akwai rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin "pop mai ci gaba" da "mass/chart", rabuwar da ta kasance "wani abu da ya kasance, a fakaice, tsakanin samari da 'yan mata, masu matsakaicin matsayi da kuma masu aiki." [3]Rabin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya haɗa da wani babban yanayi a al'adun Amurka wanda iyakokin da ke tsakanin fasaha da kiɗan pop suka ƙara dusashewa. [1] Tsakanin 1950 da 1970, an yi muhawara kan fasahar pop da fasaha. [2] Tun daga lokacin, wasu wallafe-wallafen kiɗa sun rungumi sahihancin waƙar, wani yanayi da ake kira " poptimism ". [2] ==Juyin Halittar Salo== A duk lokacin da aka haɓaka ta, waƙar pop ta sha tasirin wasu nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara. Wakokin pop na farko sun yi kama da na gargajiya, wanda ya yi kama da na Jamus Schlager da Chanson na Faransa, amma idan aka kwatanta da na ƙasashen Turai, wakokin pop na gargajiya sun fi mayar da hankali kan tasirin da suka shafi rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin Tin Pan Alley, wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway, da waƙoƙin nuni . Yayin da nau'in ya bunƙasa, ƙarin tasirin da suka kama daga na gargajiya, na gargajiya, na rock, na ƙasa, kiɗan lantarki, da sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara sun ƙara bayyana. A shekarar 2016, wani bincike da aka gudanar kan rahotannin kimiyya wanda ya binciki sama da rikodin waƙoƙi 464,000 da aka yi rikodi tsakanin 1955 da 2010 ya gano cewa, idan aka kwatanta da waƙoƙin pop na shekarun 1960, waƙoƙin pop na zamani suna amfani da ƙananan nau'ikan ci gaban sautin murya, matsakaicin girma, [1] ƙarancin fasahar amfani da kayan aiki da rikodi, da ƙarancin bambancin sautin murya. [2] John Matson, masanin kimiyyar Amurka ' ya ruwaito cewa wannan "da alama yana goyon bayan abin da aka lura da shi na cewa wakokin pop na da sun "fi kyau", ko kuma aƙalla sun bambanta, fiye da manyan waƙoƙi 40 na yau." Duk da haka, ya kuma lura cewa binciken bai wakilci pop gaba ɗaya a cikin kowace tsara ba. [2]A shekarun 1960, yawancin manyan wakokin pop sun faɗi cikin rukuni biyu: ƙungiyoyin guitar, ganguna da bass ko mawaƙa waɗanda ƙungiyar makaɗa ta gargajiya ke goyon baya. [1] Tun daga farkon shekarun nan, ya zama ruwan dare ga masu shirya waƙoƙin pop, mawakan waƙa, da injiniyoyi su yi gwaji da salon kiɗa, waƙoƙin kade-kade, reverb na halitta, da sauran tasirin sauti. Wasu daga cikin misalan da aka fi sani sune Bangon Sauti na Phil Spector da kuma amfani da tasirin sauti na lantarki na gida na Joe Meek don ayyukan kamar Tornados . [2] A lokaci guda, waƙar pop a rediyo da kuma a cikin fina-finan Amurka da Birtaniya sun ƙaura daga Tin Pan Alley mai kyau zuwa rubutun waƙa mai ban mamaki da kuma haɗa gitar lantarki mai cike da maimaita magana, igiyoyin symphonic, da ƙaho waɗanda ƙungiyoyin mawaƙan studio suka tsara kuma suka yi gwaji da kyau suka buga. [3] Wani bincike da Jami'ar New York ta gudanar a shekarar 2019, inda mahalarta 643 suka sanya wakokin pop da suka saba da su a matsayin waƙoƙin da suka fi shahara, waƙoƙin shekarun 1960 sun zama mafi ban sha'awa, fiye da waƙoƙin da aka yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan daga 2000 zuwa 2015. [4]Kafin mawakan zamani na ƙarshen shekarun 1960, masu wasan kwaikwayo ba sa iya yanke shawara kan abubuwan da suka shafi fasaha a cikin waƙoƙinsu. [1] Tare da taimakon ci gaban tattalin arziki na tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kamfanonin rikodin sun fara saka hannun jari a cikin masu fasaha, suna ba su 'yancin yin gwaji, da kuma ba su iko mai iyaka kan abubuwan da suke ciki da tallan su. [1] Wannan yanayi ya ragu bayan ƙarshen shekarun 1970 kuma ba zai sake bayyana ba har sai taurarin Intanet sun bayyana. [1] Waƙar Indie pop, wadda ta samo asali a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ta sake bambanta da kyawun waƙar pop ta zamani, inda ƙungiyoyin guitar suka kafa bisa ga ra'ayin da aka yi a wancan lokacin cewa mutum zai iya yin rikodi da fitar da waƙoƙinsa ba tare da samun kwangilar rikodi daga babban kamfani ba. [2]Ana tunawa da shekarun 1980 saboda karuwar amfani da rikodin dijital, wanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da synthesizers, tare da kiɗan synth-pop da sauran nau'ikan kayan lantarki waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan kida marasa gargajiya suna ƙaruwa sosai. [1] Zuwa shekarar 2014, wakokin pop a duk duniya sun shiga cikin waƙoƙin rawa na lantarki . A shekarar 2018, masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Irvine, sun kammala da cewa wakokin pop sun zama "masu bakin ciki" tun daga shekarun 1980. Daga ƙarshe an maye gurbin abubuwan farin ciki da haske da waƙoƙin lantarki waɗanda suka sa kiɗan pop ya zama 'abin baƙin ciki amma mai rawa'. [2]Yaɗuwar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma yaduwar ƙwayoyin cutaMasana'antar kiɗan Amurka da (tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960) na Burtaniya sun mamaye wakokin pop, waɗanda tasirinsu ya sanya waƙar pop ta zama al'adar ƙasa da ƙasa ɗaya, amma yawancin yankuna da ƙasashe suna da nasu nau'in waƙar pop, wanda wani lokacin yana samar da nau'ikan salon gargajiya na gida, kuma yana ba su halaye na gida. [1] Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru (misali Europop ) sun yi tasiri sosai kan ci gaban nau'in. [2]A cewar Grove Music Online, "Salon wakokin pop da aka samo daga Yamma, ko suna rayuwa tare da ko kuma suna ware nau'ikan waƙoƙi na gida daban-daban, sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya kuma sun zama abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin al'adun kiɗan kasuwanci na duniya". [1] Wasu ƙasashen da ba na Yamma ba, kamar Japan, sun haɓaka masana'antar kiɗan pop mai bunƙasa, wanda yawancinsu aka keɓe su ga salon waƙar pop na Yamma. Japan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana samar da adadi mai yawa na kiɗa fiye da ko'ina sai Amurka. [2] An fassara yaɗuwar waƙoƙin pop na salon Yamma daban-daban a matsayin wakiltar hanyoyin Amurkawa, haɗin kai, zamani, kerawa, mulkin mallaka na al'adu, ko kuma wani tsari na duniya baki ɗaya. [1]Ɗaya daga cikin salon wakokin pop da suka bunƙasa tare da sauran salon wakokin shine Latin pop, wanda ya shahara a Amurka a shekarun 1950 tare da nasarar farko ta wakokin rock and roll Ritchie Valens . [1] Daga baya, waƙoƙin Los Lobos da Chicano rock sun shahara a shekarun 1970 da 1980, kuma mawaƙiya Selena ta sami karɓuwa sosai a shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da jan hankalin magoya bayan mawakan Tejano Lydia Mendoza da Little Joe . Da yake daga baya 'yan Hispanic da Latino Amurkawa sun ga nasara a cikin jadawalin waƙoƙin pop, nasarorin pop na shekarun 1990 sun ci gaba da shahara a cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin pop na asali da kuma a cikin manyan waƙoƙin pop. [2] Wakokin waƙoƙin Latin pop, kamar " Macarena " na Los del Río da " Despacito " na Luis Fonsi, sun sami nasara mai ban mamaki a jadawalin waƙoƙin pop na duniya. [3] ==ƙarni na 21== A farkon shekarun 2000, yanayin da ya mamaye a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ya ci gaba da ci gaba, amma masana'antar kiɗa ta fara canzawa yayin da mutane suka fara saukar da kiɗa daga intanet. Mutane sun sami damar gano nau'ikan waƙoƙi da masu fasaha waɗanda ba sa cikin tsarin yau da kullun kuma suka jawo su shahara, amma a lokaci guda ƙananan mawaka sun sha wahala wajen samun abin rayuwa saboda ana satar kiɗan su. [1] Shahararrun mawakan sune Avril Lavigne, Justin Timberlake, NSYNC, Christina Aguilera, Destiny's Child, da Britney Spears . Wakokin pop sau da yawa suna fitowa ne daga nau'o'i daban-daban, inda kowanne nau'i ke tasiri ga na gaba, yana ɓata layukan da ke tsakaninsu kuma yana sa su zama ba a saba gani ba. An nuna wannan sauyi a cikin kundin waƙoƙin Spears mai tasiri sosai na 2007 mai suna Blackout, wanda ƙarƙashin rinjayar furodusa Danja, ya haɗa sautunan EDM, avant-funk, R&B, kiɗan rawa, da hip-hop . [2]A shekarar 2010, wakokin pop da wakokin rawa suka shafa sun zama ruwan dare a jadawalin. Maimakon rediyo ta kafa sabbin abubuwa, yanzu ta zama kulob. A farkon shekarun 2010, Will.i.am ya ce, "Sabuwar kumfa ita ce dukkan ƙungiyoyin gama gari a faɗin duniya. Rediyo yana yin iya ƙoƙarinsa don ci gaba da kasancewa tare." [1] Waƙoƙin da suka yi magana game da tserewa ta hanyar liyafa sun zama mafi shahara, waɗanda suka yi tasiri ga sha'awar manta da matsalolin tattalin arziki a lokacin Babban Koma bayan Tattalin Arziki ; wannan salon waƙar pop yanzu ana kiransa pop na koma bayan tattalin arziki . [2] A cikin shekarun 2010, yawancin waƙoƙin pop sun fara ɗaukar wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin pop ɗin . An shahara da shi ta hanyar masu fasaha kamar Lana Del Rey [3], Justin Bieber, Adele, Ariana Grande, da Lorde [4] a farkon shekarun 2010 kuma daga baya ya zaburar da wasu mawaka masu tasiri, ciki har da Billie Eilish da Taylor Swift, [5] hakan ya ba da damar yin wani yanayi mai ban tausayi da ban haushi a cikin wakokin pop.A shekarun 2020, waƙar mawakin pop na Kanada mai suna " Blinding Lights ", ta zama babbar waƙar da ta shahara a cikin shekaru goma, inda ta kai matsayi na farko a cikin manyan waƙoƙi 100 masu zafi ' Billboard, inda ta zarce " The Twist " na Chubby Checker . Haka kuma ta karya tarihin waƙar farko da ta kai biliyan biyar a dandalin yaɗa waƙoƙin Spotify, inda ta zama waƙar da aka fi kallo a tarihin wannan dandali. Wannan ya haifar da nasara daga wakokin pop da suka mamaye wasu dandamali na yaɗa shirye-shirye ciki har da Spotify, Apple Music da YouTube Music, tare da sauran mawaka, waɗanda suka haɗa da Taylor Swift, Drake, Ariana Grande da Olivia Rodrigo . ==Duba kuma== Sanya Sakin layi • Laƙabi masu daraja a cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi so • Asalin rock and roll • Shahararriyar koyarwar kiɗa • Jerin nau'ikan kiɗa da salonsu Salo na waƙoƙin pop • Tarihin kiɗa • Waƙar jama'a •Jerin manyan kasuwannin kiɗa da aka yi rikodi . • Nau'in kiɗa • Shahararriyar fasaha. • • Fasahar Pop 1yk0f3s615ec9ruwgsqp7l0j0013jca 915988 915984 2026-09-04T08:47:36Z Baffa ali 47435 915988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kiɗan pop''', ko kuma kawai pop, nau'in kiɗa ne mai farin jini wanda ya samo asali daga salon zamani a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a Amurka da Burtaniya. [1] A shekarun 1950 da 1960, wakokin pop sun ƙunshi waƙoƙin rock and roll da salon da suka shafi matasa. Wakokin rock da pop sun kasance iri ɗaya har zuwa ƙarshen shekarun 1960, bayan haka pop ya zama alaƙa da kiɗan da ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma mai sauƙin amfani. Abubuwan da ke gano wakokin pop galibi sun haɗa da maimaita waƙoƙi da ƙugiya, waƙoƙin gajeru zuwa matsakaici waɗanda aka rubuta a cikin tsari na asali (sau da yawa tsarin baiti-mawaka ), da kuma waƙoƙi ko saurin da za a iya rawa cikin sauƙi. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop suna kuma ɗaukar wasu abubuwa daga wasu salo kamar rock, hip-hop, urban, rawa, Latin, da country . Kalmomin kiɗan da aka fi sani da waƙar pop galibi ana amfani da su a musayar ra'ayi, domin na farko yana kwatanta duk waƙoƙin da aka yi niyya don jan hankalin jama'a (kwatanta kiɗan fasaha ) kuma ya ƙunshi salo daban-daban. ==Ma'anoni da kuma tushen== David Hatch da Stephen Millward sun kwatanta wakokin pop a matsayin "wani rukuni na kiɗa wanda za a iya bambanta shi da wakokin da suka shahara, jazz, da na gargajiya". [1] David Boyle, wani mai bincike kan kiɗa, ya bayyana waƙar pop a matsayin kowace irin waƙa da mutum ya taɓa gani a kafofin watsa labarai. [2] Yawancin mutane suna tunanin cewa wakokin pop kawai jadawalin waƙoƙin mutum ɗaya ne ba jimlar duk waƙoƙin chart ba. Jadawalin waƙoƙin ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi daga tushe daban-daban, ciki har da waƙoƙin gargajiya, jazz, rock, da sabbin waƙoƙi . A matsayin wani nau'in kiɗan pop, ana ganin yana wanzuwa kuma yana haɓaka daban. [3] Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" don bayyana wani nau'in kiɗa na musamman, wanda aka tsara don jawo hankalin kowa, wanda galibi ana siffanta shi da "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar aure nan take da nufin matasa" sabanin waƙar rock a matsayin "waƙar da aka yi ta hanyar kundin waƙoƙi ga manya". [4] [2]Waƙar pop tana bunƙasa tare da ma'anar kalmar. A cewar marubucin kiɗa Bill Lamb, ana fassara kiɗan da aka fi sani da "waƙar tun daga masana'antu a shekarun 1800 wadda ta fi dacewa da dandano da sha'awar matsakaicin birni." [1] An fara amfani da kalmar "waƙar pop" a shekarar 1926, a ma'anar wani waƙa "mai jan hankali". [2] Hatch da Millward sun nuna cewa abubuwa da yawa da suka faru a tarihin rikodi a shekarun 1920 ana iya ganin su a matsayin farkon masana'antar kiɗan pop ta zamani, gami da kiɗan ƙasa, blues, da hillbilly . [3]A cewar gidan yanar gizon The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, kalmar "pop music" "ta samo asali ne daga Birtaniya a tsakiyar shekarun 1950 a matsayin bayanin rock and roll da sabbin salon wakokin matasa da ta yi tasiri a kansu". [1] Littafin Oxford Dictionary of Music ya bayyana cewa yayin da "ma'anar farko ta pop tana nufin kade-kade masu jan hankali ga masu sauraro da yawa [...] tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1950, duk da haka, pop yana da ma'anar musamman ta musika marasa gargajiya, yawanci a cikin nau'in waƙoƙi, waɗanda masu fasaha kamar The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, ABBA, da sauransu suka yi." [2] Grove Music Online ya kuma ce "a farkon shekarun 1960, [kalmar] 'kiɗan pop' ta yi gogayya da kiɗan beat [a Ingila], yayin da a Amurka labaranta suka yi karo da (kamar yadda yake har yanzu) da na 'rock and roll ' . [1]Tun daga kusan shekarar 1967, kalmar "waƙar pop" ta ƙara yin amfani da ita wajen adawa da kalmar waƙar rock, wani ɓangare da ya ba da ma'ana ta gama gari ga kalmomin biyu. [1] Duk da cewa rock yana son sahihanci da faɗaɗa damar da ake da ita na waƙoƙin da aka fi so, [1] pop ya fi kasuwanci, na ɗan lokaci, kuma ana iya samunsa. [2] A cewar masanin kiɗan Birtaniya Simon Frith, ana shirya wakokin pop ne "a matsayin batun kasuwanci ba fasaha ba", kuma an "ƙera su ne don jawo hankalin kowa" amma "ba ya fito daga wani wuri ko kuma yana nuna wani dandano na musamman ba". Frith ya ƙara da cewa "ba wani babban buri bane ke haifar da shi sai dai riba da lada ta kasuwanci ... kuma, a fannin kiɗa, ainihin ra'ayin mazan jiya ne". Ana "bayar da shi daga sama (ta hanyar kamfanonin rikodin, masu shirye-shiryen rediyo, da masu tallata kade-kade) maimakon a yi shi daga ƙasa. ... Pop ba kiɗan da za a yi da kanka ba ne amma an ƙera shi kuma an shirya shi da kyau". [3] ==Halaye== A cewar Frith, halayen wakokin pop sun haɗa da manufar jan hankalin jama'a, maimakon ga wani takamaiman al'ada ko akida, da kuma fifita sana'a maimakon halaye na "fasaha" na yau da kullun. [1] Bayan haka, Frith kuma yana bayar da halaye guda uku da ke gano wakokin pop: nishaɗin da ba su da sauƙi, abubuwan da suka shafi kasuwanci, da kuma gane mutum. Waƙoƙin pop sun samo asali ne daga wani abu mai sauƙi na nishaɗi da kuma al'ada mai sauƙin sauraro . [2] Wakokin pop sun fi ra'ayin mazan jiya fiye da sauran nau'ikan wakoki kamar na gargajiya, blues, country, da kuma al'ada. Yawancin waƙoƙin pop ba su ƙunshi jigogi na adawa, adawa, ko siyasa ba, maimakon haka suna mai da hankali kan soyayya da dangantaka. Saboda haka, wakokin pop ba sa ƙalubalantar masu sauraronsu a fannin zamantakewa, kuma ba sa haifar da fafutukar siyasa. Frith ya kuma ce babban manufar wakokin pop ita ce samar da kudaden shiga. Ba hanyar da mutane ke amfani da ita wajen isar da sako ba ce. Madadin haka, wakokin pop suna neman cimma tausayi nan take tare da halayen da aka saba gani, ra'ayoyi marasa tushe, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo mai jan hankali wanda ke jan hankalin masu sauraro. [2] Masanin kiɗa Timothy Warner ya ce kiɗan pop yawanci yana mai da hankali kan rikodi, samarwa, da fasaha, maimakon wasan kwaikwayo na kai tsaye; yanayin nuna yanayin da ake ciki maimakon ci gaba mai ci gaba ; kuma yana neman ƙarfafa rawa ko amfani da waƙoƙin da suka shafi rawa. [3]Babban hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen yin waƙar pop ita ce waƙar, wadda take tsakanin mintuna biyu da rabi zuwa uku da rabi, wadda galibi take da tsari mai kyau da kuma tsari mai sauƙi na gargajiya. [1] Tsarin waƙoƙi da yawa da suka shahara shine na baiti da kuma waƙoƙin mawaƙa, ƙungiyar mawaƙa tana aiki a matsayin ɓangaren waƙar da aka tsara don ta makale a kunne ta hanyar maimaitawa cikin sauƙi ta hanyar kiɗa da waƙa. Sau da yawa waƙar tana zuwa ne a matsayin waƙa kuma sau da yawa ana yin ta ne kafin ta zama "digo" inda sassan bass da ganguna "suka faɗi". [2] Bambance-bambancen da aka saba gani sun haɗa da siffar waƙoƙin baiti da siffar sanduna talatin da biyu, tare da mai da hankali kan waƙoƙi da ƙugiya masu jan hankali, da kuma waƙa da ke bambanta waƙa, tsari da jituwa da baiti . [3] Waƙar da waƙoƙin suna da sauƙi, tare da ɗan gajeren rakiyar harmonic. [4] Kalmomin waƙoƙin pop na zamani galibi suna mai da hankali ne kan jigogi masu sauƙi. - sau da yawa soyayya da dangantaka ta soyayya – kodayake akwai wasu keɓantattun abubuwa. [5]Sau da yawa, ci gaban jituwa da waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙin pop suna "na salon magana na gargajiya na Turai, amma sun fi sauƙi." [1] Waƙoƙin da aka fi sani da Clichés sun haɗa da jituwa irin ta salon aski (watau ii – V – I) da jituwa mai tasiri ga sikelin blues . [2] An samu raguwar tasirin ra'ayoyin gargajiya na da'irar biyar tsakanin tsakiyar shekarun 1950 da ƙarshen shekarun 1970, gami da ƙarancin rinjaye ga aikin da ya fi rinjaye . [3]A watan Oktoba na 2023, Billboard ya tattara jerin "mafi kyawun waƙoƙin pop 500". A yin haka, sun lura da wahalar bayyana "waƙoƙin pop": ==Ci gaba da tasiri== A shekarun 1940, ingantaccen ƙirar makirufo ya ba da damar yin salon waƙa mafi kusanci, kuma, bayan shekaru goma ko ashirin, rikodin rpm 45 masu araha kuma masu ɗorewa ga marasa aure "ya kawo sauyi kan yadda aka yaɗa waƙar pop", wanda ya taimaka wajen mayar da waƙar pop zuwa "tsarin rikodin/rediyo/tauraron fina-finai". [1] Wani sauyi a fasaha shi ne yawan talabijin a shekarun 1950 tare da shirye-shiryen talabijin, wanda ke nufin cewa "taurarin pop dole ne su kasance suna da gani". [1] A shekarun 1960, gabatar da rediyon transistor mai araha da sauƙin ɗauka yana nufin cewa matasa a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba za su iya sauraron kiɗa a wajen gida. [1] A farkon shekarun 1980, haɓaka tashoshin talabijin na kiɗa sun yi tasiri sosai ga ci gaban waƙoƙin pop, ciki har da MTV, wanda "ya fifita waɗannan mawakan kamar Michael Jackson da Madonna waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan kyan gani". [1]An kuma yi amfani da rikodin waƙoƙi da yawa (daga shekarun 1960) da kuma samfurin dijital (daga shekarun 1980) a matsayin hanyoyin ƙirƙira da kuma fayyace waƙoƙin pop. [1] A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, wakokin pop sun yi ta yaɗa sabbin sautuka, salo, da dabarun da suka zaburar da tattaunawa tsakanin masu sauraronsu. An yi amfani da kalmar "ci gaba" akai-akai, kuma an yi tunanin cewa kowace waƙa da waƙa za su zama "ci gaba" daga ƙarshe. [2] Mai sukar kiɗa Simon Reynolds ya rubuta cewa tun daga shekarar 1967, akwai rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin "pop mai ci gaba" da "mass/chart", rabuwar da ta kasance "wani abu da ya kasance, a fakaice, tsakanin samari da 'yan mata, masu matsakaicin matsayi da kuma masu aiki." [3]Rabin ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya haɗa da wani babban yanayi a al'adun Amurka wanda iyakokin da ke tsakanin fasaha da kiɗan pop suka ƙara dusashewa. [1] Tsakanin 1950 da 1970, an yi muhawara kan fasahar pop da fasaha. [2] Tun daga lokacin, wasu wallafe-wallafen kiɗa sun rungumi sahihancin waƙar, wani yanayi da ake kira " poptimism ". [2] ==Juyin Halittar Salo== A duk lokacin da aka haɓaka ta, waƙar pop ta sha tasirin wasu nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara. Wakokin pop na farko sun yi kama da na gargajiya, wanda ya yi kama da na Jamus Schlager da Chanson na Faransa, amma idan aka kwatanta da na ƙasashen Turai, wakokin pop na gargajiya sun fi mayar da hankali kan tasirin da suka shafi rubuce-rubucen waƙoƙin Tin Pan Alley, wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway, da waƙoƙin nuni . Yayin da nau'in ya bunƙasa, ƙarin tasirin da suka kama daga na gargajiya, na gargajiya, na rock, na ƙasa, kiɗan lantarki, da sauran nau'ikan waƙoƙin da suka shahara sun ƙara bayyana. A shekarar 2016, wani bincike da aka gudanar kan rahotannin kimiyya wanda ya binciki sama da rikodin waƙoƙi 464,000 da aka yi rikodi tsakanin 1955 da 2010 ya gano cewa, idan aka kwatanta da waƙoƙin pop na shekarun 1960, waƙoƙin pop na zamani suna amfani da ƙananan nau'ikan ci gaban sautin murya, matsakaicin girma, [1] ƙarancin fasahar amfani da kayan aiki da rikodi, da ƙarancin bambancin sautin murya. [2] John Matson, masanin kimiyyar Amurka ' ya ruwaito cewa wannan "da alama yana goyon bayan abin da aka lura da shi na cewa wakokin pop na da sun "fi kyau", ko kuma aƙalla sun bambanta, fiye da manyan waƙoƙi 40 na yau." Duk da haka, ya kuma lura cewa binciken bai wakilci pop gaba ɗaya a cikin kowace tsara ba. [2]A shekarun 1960, yawancin manyan wakokin pop sun faɗi cikin rukuni biyu: ƙungiyoyin guitar, ganguna da bass ko mawaƙa waɗanda ƙungiyar makaɗa ta gargajiya ke goyon baya. [1] Tun daga farkon shekarun nan, ya zama ruwan dare ga masu shirya waƙoƙin pop, mawakan waƙa, da injiniyoyi su yi gwaji da salon kiɗa, waƙoƙin kade-kade, reverb na halitta, da sauran tasirin sauti. Wasu daga cikin misalan da aka fi sani sune Bangon Sauti na Phil Spector da kuma amfani da tasirin sauti na lantarki na gida na Joe Meek don ayyukan kamar Tornados . [2] A lokaci guda, waƙar pop a rediyo da kuma a cikin fina-finan Amurka da Birtaniya sun ƙaura daga Tin Pan Alley mai kyau zuwa rubutun waƙa mai ban mamaki da kuma haɗa gitar lantarki mai cike da maimaita magana, igiyoyin symphonic, da ƙaho waɗanda ƙungiyoyin mawaƙan studio suka tsara kuma suka yi gwaji da kyau suka buga. [3] Wani bincike da Jami'ar New York ta gudanar a shekarar 2019, inda mahalarta 643 suka sanya wakokin pop da suka saba da su a matsayin waƙoƙin da suka fi shahara, waƙoƙin shekarun 1960 sun zama mafi ban sha'awa, fiye da waƙoƙin da aka yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan daga 2000 zuwa 2015. [4]Kafin mawakan zamani na ƙarshen shekarun 1960, masu wasan kwaikwayo ba sa iya yanke shawara kan abubuwan da suka shafi fasaha a cikin waƙoƙinsu. [1] Tare da taimakon ci gaban tattalin arziki na tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kamfanonin rikodin sun fara saka hannun jari a cikin masu fasaha, suna ba su 'yancin yin gwaji, da kuma ba su iko mai iyaka kan abubuwan da suke ciki da tallan su. [1] Wannan yanayi ya ragu bayan ƙarshen shekarun 1970 kuma ba zai sake bayyana ba har sai taurarin Intanet sun bayyana. [1] Waƙar Indie pop, wadda ta samo asali a ƙarshen shekarun 1970, ta sake bambanta da kyawun waƙar pop ta zamani, inda ƙungiyoyin guitar suka kafa bisa ga ra'ayin da aka yi a wancan lokacin cewa mutum zai iya yin rikodi da fitar da waƙoƙinsa ba tare da samun kwangilar rikodi daga babban kamfani ba. [2]Ana tunawa da shekarun 1980 saboda karuwar amfani da rikodin dijital, wanda ke da alaƙa da amfani da synthesizers, tare da kiɗan synth-pop da sauran nau'ikan kayan lantarki waɗanda ke ɗauke da kayan kida marasa gargajiya suna ƙaruwa sosai. [1] Zuwa shekarar 2014, wakokin pop a duk duniya sun shiga cikin waƙoƙin rawa na lantarki . A shekarar 2018, masu bincike a Jami'ar California, Irvine, sun kammala da cewa wakokin pop sun zama "masu bakin ciki" tun daga shekarun 1980. Daga ƙarshe an maye gurbin abubuwan farin ciki da haske da waƙoƙin lantarki waɗanda suka sa kiɗan pop ya zama 'abin baƙin ciki amma mai rawa'. [2]Yaɗuwar ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma yaduwar ƙwayoyin cutaMasana'antar kiɗan Amurka da (tun daga tsakiyar shekarun 1960) na Burtaniya sun mamaye wakokin pop, waɗanda tasirinsu ya sanya waƙar pop ta zama al'adar ƙasa da ƙasa ɗaya, amma yawancin yankuna da ƙasashe suna da nasu nau'in waƙar pop, wanda wani lokacin yana samar da nau'ikan salon gargajiya na gida, kuma yana ba su halaye na gida. [1] Wasu daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru (misali Europop ) sun yi tasiri sosai kan ci gaban nau'in. [2]A cewar Grove Music Online, "Salon wakokin pop da aka samo daga Yamma, ko suna rayuwa tare da ko kuma suna ware nau'ikan waƙoƙi na gida daban-daban, sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya kuma sun zama abubuwan da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin al'adun kiɗan kasuwanci na duniya". [1] Wasu ƙasashen da ba na Yamma ba, kamar Japan, sun haɓaka masana'antar kiɗan pop mai bunƙasa, wanda yawancinsu aka keɓe su ga salon waƙar pop na Yamma. Japan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana samar da adadi mai yawa na kiɗa fiye da ko'ina sai Amurka. [2] An fassara yaɗuwar waƙoƙin pop na salon Yamma daban-daban a matsayin wakiltar hanyoyin Amurkawa, haɗin kai, zamani, kerawa, mulkin mallaka na al'adu, ko kuma wani tsari na duniya baki ɗaya. [1]Ɗaya daga cikin salon wakokin pop da suka bunƙasa tare da sauran salon wakokin shine Latin pop, wanda ya shahara a Amurka a shekarun 1950 tare da nasarar farko ta wakokin rock and roll Ritchie Valens . [1] Daga baya, waƙoƙin Los Lobos da Chicano rock sun shahara a shekarun 1970 da 1980, kuma mawaƙiya Selena ta sami karɓuwa sosai a shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da jan hankalin magoya bayan mawakan Tejano Lydia Mendoza da Little Joe . Da yake daga baya 'yan Hispanic da Latino Amurkawa sun ga nasara a cikin jadawalin waƙoƙin pop, nasarorin pop na shekarun 1990 sun ci gaba da shahara a cikin nau'ikan waƙoƙin pop na asali da kuma a cikin manyan waƙoƙin pop. [2] Wakokin waƙoƙin Latin pop, kamar " Macarena " na Los del Río da " Despacito " na Luis Fonsi, sun sami nasara mai ban mamaki a jadawalin waƙoƙin pop na duniya. [3] ==ƙarni na 21== A farkon shekarun 2000, yanayin da ya mamaye a ƙarshen shekarun 1990 ya ci gaba da ci gaba, amma masana'antar kiɗa ta fara canzawa yayin da mutane suka fara saukar da kiɗa daga intanet. Mutane sun sami damar gano nau'ikan waƙoƙi da masu fasaha waɗanda ba sa cikin tsarin yau da kullun kuma suka jawo su shahara, amma a lokaci guda ƙananan mawaka sun sha wahala wajen samun abin rayuwa saboda ana satar kiɗan su. [1] Shahararrun mawakan sune Avril Lavigne, Justin Timberlake, NSYNC, Christina Aguilera, Destiny's Child, da Britney Spears . Wakokin pop sau da yawa suna fitowa ne daga nau'o'i daban-daban, inda kowanne nau'i ke tasiri ga na gaba, yana ɓata layukan da ke tsakaninsu kuma yana sa su zama ba a saba gani ba. An nuna wannan sauyi a cikin kundin waƙoƙin Spears mai tasiri sosai na 2007 mai suna Blackout, wanda ƙarƙashin rinjayar furodusa Danja, ya haɗa sautunan EDM, avant-funk, R&B, kiɗan rawa, da hip-hop . [2]A shekarar 2010, wakokin pop da wakokin rawa suka shafa sun zama ruwan dare a jadawalin. Maimakon rediyo ta kafa sabbin abubuwa, yanzu ta zama kulob. A farkon shekarun 2010, Will.i.am ya ce, "Sabuwar kumfa ita ce dukkan ƙungiyoyin gama gari a faɗin duniya. Rediyo yana yin iya ƙoƙarinsa don ci gaba da kasancewa tare." [1] Waƙoƙin da suka yi magana game da tserewa ta hanyar liyafa sun zama mafi shahara, waɗanda suka yi tasiri ga sha'awar manta da matsalolin tattalin arziki a lokacin Babban Koma bayan Tattalin Arziki ; wannan salon waƙar pop yanzu ana kiransa pop na koma bayan tattalin arziki . [2] A cikin shekarun 2010, yawancin waƙoƙin pop sun fara ɗaukar wasu daga cikin waƙoƙin pop ɗin . An shahara da shi ta hanyar masu fasaha kamar Lana Del Rey [3], Justin Bieber, Adele, Ariana Grande, da Lorde [4] a farkon shekarun 2010 kuma daga baya ya zaburar da wasu mawaka masu tasiri, ciki har da Billie Eilish da Taylor Swift, [5] hakan ya ba da damar yin wani yanayi mai ban tausayi da ban haushi a cikin wakokin pop.A shekarun 2020, waƙar mawakin pop na Kanada mai suna " Blinding Lights ", ta zama babbar waƙar da ta shahara a cikin shekaru goma, inda ta kai matsayi na farko a cikin manyan waƙoƙi 100 masu zafi ' Billboard, inda ta zarce " The Twist " na Chubby Checker . Haka kuma ta karya tarihin waƙar farko da ta kai biliyan biyar a dandalin yaɗa waƙoƙin Spotify, inda ta zama waƙar da aka fi kallo a tarihin wannan dandali. Wannan ya haifar da nasara daga wakokin pop da suka mamaye wasu dandamali na yaɗa shirye-shirye ciki har da Spotify, Apple Music da YouTube Music, tare da sauran mawaka, waɗanda suka haɗa da Taylor Swift, Drake, Ariana Grande da Olivia Rodrigo . ==Duba kuma== Sanya Sakin layi • Laƙabi masu daraja a cikin waƙoƙin da aka fi so • Asalin rock and roll • Shahararriyar koyarwar kiɗa • Jerin nau'ikan kiɗa da salonsu Salo na waƙoƙin pop • Tarihin kiɗa • Waƙar jama'a •Jerin manyan kasuwannin kiɗa da aka yi rikodi . • Nau'in kiɗa • Shahararriyar fasaha. • • Fasahar Pop qyom24mzumot9e3ctuw98woe5urlcwx 0 166268 915986 2026-09-04T08:46:33Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364219201|Helen Rosenau]]" 915986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helen Rosenau''' (23 Maris 1900–27 Oktoba 1984) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rosenau, Helen {{!}} Dictionary of Art Historians |url=https://arthistorians.info/rosenauh |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=arthistorians.info}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Kissingen |first=Stadt Bad |title=Datenbank - Biographisches Handbuch - Jüdische Bürger Bad Kissingen |url=http://www.biografisches-gedenkbuch-bk.de/kurzbiographien/datenbank/38566.Kurzbiografien.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Bad Kissingen |language=de}}</ref> ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar zamantakewa ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus, kuma mai nazarin al'amuran mata, kuma mai tarihin fasaha da gine-gine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Helen Rosenau |url=https://womenwritingarchitecture.org/people-and-organisations/helen-rosenau/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Women Writing Architecture}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title='It may be good art history': The rehabilitation of Dr. Helen Rosenau by Ben Uri Research Unit - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/benurigallery/docs/helen_rosenau |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> An bayyana aikinta na 1944 mai suna ''Women in Art'' a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin littattafan mata na farko a tarihin fasaha". <ref name=":0" /> An tilasta wa Rosenau barin Jamus a shekarun 1930, tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana Yahudawa na Turai waɗanda suka kawo kirkire-kirkire a fannin ilimi a Burtaniya da Amurka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Woman in Art |url=https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9781913107413/woman-in-art/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Yale University Press London |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Helen Rosenau a Monte Carlo, 'yar likitan likita Albert Rosenau da mahaifiyar Klara Rosenau (née Lion). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> An rene ta a Monte Carlo da kuma Bad Kissingen, Jamus, a cikin iyali mai arziki, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta sami iliminta ta hanyar koyarwa ta sirri. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1923, Rosenau ta yi karatun tarihin fasaha a jami'o'i da dama, ciki har da Munich a ƙarƙashin Heinrich Wölfflin, [[Berlin]] a ƙarƙashin Adolph Goldschmidt, Bonn a ƙarƙashin Paul Clemen, da [[Hamburg]] a ƙarƙashin Erwin Panofsky . <ref name=":0" /> Abin lura shi ne Rosenau ita ce mutum na farko da ya tona cocin Bremen a shekarar 1931. An gabatar da rubutun Rosenau na shekarar 1930, kan batun cocin Cologne, a Hamburg. <ref name=":0" /> Daga nan ta koma Jami'ar Münster, tana shirin kammala ''aikinta'' na gyaran gine-gine na zamanin da. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Da hawan gwamnatin Nazi, an janye tallafin karatu na Rosenau kuma aka kore ta daga jami'a. <ref name=":1" /> Tare da mahaifiyarta, ta fara ƙaura zuwa Switzerland sannan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya - ta isa a shekarar 1933. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Rosenau ta samu tallafin kuɗi daga ƙungiyar mata ta jami'o'i ta Burtaniya, ta kammala gyaranta, ''Zane da Tsarin Gine-gine na Tsakiyar Zamani,'' a shekarar 1934. <ref name=":1" /> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Courtauld, inda ta sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1940. <ref name=":1" /> Hukumomin Jamus sun ƙi amincewa da buƙatar da Rosenau ta yi ta sake yi a shekarar 1935 na ziyartar mahaifiyarta a Baden-Baden, waɗanda suka bayyana ta a matsayin "mai tayar da zaune tsaye" kuma suka zarge ta da "halin gurguzu". <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 1940, an sanya ta cikin ƙungiyar ''Sonderfahndungsliste GB ,'' jerin sunayen mutanen da aka sanya wa suna don kamawa idan aka yi nasarar mamaye Birtaniya. <ref name=":3" /> Rosenau ta auri Zwi Carmi (an haife ta a 1883), likita, a 1938. <ref name=":0" /> Sun ɗauki ɗa, Michael, a shekarar 1944. <ref name=":3" /> Ta zama ɗalibi 'yar Birtaniya a shekarar 1948. <ref name=":1" /> Mijin Rosenau ya rasu a shekara ta 1950. <ref name=":1" /> == Sana'a == Daga 1935, Rosenau ta ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga wasu wallafe-wallafen ilimi na Burtaniya, ciki har da <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Apollo,</i></nowiki> ''Mujallar Burlington ,'' da Mujallar RIBA . <ref name=":1" /> Rubuce-rubucenta sun ƙunshi tarihin zane-zane, da kuma fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, na mata, da kuma na ɗan adam. <ref name=":1" /> "Ra'ayin Rosenau game da ɗan adam mai ci gaba da kuma ra'ayin mata" ya bayyana a cikin laccocinta ga Conway Hall Ethical Society, da kuma ginshiƙai na ''Labaran Mata na Duniya .'' <ref name=":1" /> Tun daga shekarun 1940, Rosenau ta kuma ba da laccoci kan ilimin manya ga Sashen Extra-Mural na Jami'ar London, <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of London Department of Extra-Mural Studies Reports - Birkbeck College: Publications - Birkbeck College archive - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb1832-bbk/bbk/10/4 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk}}</ref> Majalisar Gundumar London (LCC), da Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata (WEA). <ref name=":1" /> Ta ci gaba da wannan bayan ta yi ritaya. Bayan ta yi ritaya, ta ci gaba da laccoci na musamman ga Jami'ar London da Makarantar Gine-gine ta Polytechnic ta Tsakiyar London . <ref name=":1" /> Daga 1941, Rosenau ta yi aiki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Landan a ƙarƙashin masanin ilimin zamantakewa Karl Mannheim, tana bincike kan tarihin mata a fannin fasaha. <ref name=":0" /> An kira aikin da ta samar, ''Mace a Fasaha: daga Nau'i zuwa Halin Mutum,'' "ɗaya daga cikin farkon fannoni na mata a tarihin fasaha"; <ref name=":0" /> an bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ilimi kuma mai sauƙin samu", kuma ya cancanci a sanya shi a cikin tarihin tunanin mata da tarihin fasaha na zamani a cikin ƙarni biyu." <ref name=":2" /> A baya ta bayar da wani ɗan gajeren labari mai taken "Canza Halaye Zuwa Ga Mata" ga wani littafi da ƙungiyar Al'adu ta 'Yancin Jamus: ''Mata a ƙarƙashin Swastika'' (1942) ta buga. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan yaƙin, Rosenau ta ci gaba da aikinta a fannin ilimi, tana gabatar da laccoci a jami'o'i, ciki har da Jami'ar London (1947-1951; 1968-), da Jami'ar Manchester (1951-1968). <ref name=":0" /> An buga littafin tarihin zane-zane na Turanci na farko a shekarar 1948, a kan mai zane-zanen Faransa Jacques-Louis David . <ref name=":0" /> A Jami'ar Manchester, binciken Rosenau ya mayar da hankali kan aikin mai zane-zane ɗan Faransa, inda ta yi bincike kan mai zane-zanen juyin juya hali na Faransa Étienne-Louis Boullée, wanda littafinsa, ''Gine-gine, Essai sur L'art'', ta yi gyara kuma ta buga a shekarar 1953. <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1959, ta buga littafin ''The Ideal City a cikin Tsarin Gine-gine'' . <ref name=":0" /> Game da wannan, ''littafin History Today'' ya rubuta cewa "babban ƙarfin littafin yana cikin hangen nesa na marubucinsa da kuma bayanin dangantakar da ke tsakanin manufofin falsafa da siffofin gine-gine." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ideal City - Its Architectural Evolution in Europe {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/ideal-city-its-architectural-evolution-europe |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.historytoday.com}}</ref> Rosenau ta dawo Jami'ar Landan a shekarar 1968, inda ta kuma yi lacca a Kwalejin Leo Baeck ta Yahudawa mai ci gaba. <ref name=":0" /> == Mutuwa da gado == Helen Rosenau ta mutu a Landan a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1984. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2023, Jami'ar Yale ta buga wani sabon bugu na littafin Rosenau mai suna ''Women in Art,'' wanda ke nuna cika shekaru tamanin da fara buga shi. <ref name=":2" /> Sabon wurin da aka yi masa cikakken launi an fara gabatar da shi ne ta hanyar wani tarihin rayuwar marubucin, Adrian Rifkin, wani bincike kan rayuwar marubucin a Birtaniya a matsayin malamin 'yan gudun hijira na Rachel Dickson da kuma hoton Rosenau a matsayin masanin ilimin mata, sai kuma jerin kasidu bakwai da Griselda Pollock ta rubuta, tana nazarin muhimmancin littafin a matsayin aikin tarihin zamantakewa na mata. <ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6gcfxkc2rmojczhed4nz3zdxm2frzux 915987 915986 2026-09-04T08:46:57Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Helen Rosenau''' (23 Maris 1900–27 Oktoba 1984) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rosenau, Helen {{!}} Dictionary of Art Historians |url=https://arthistorians.info/rosenauh |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=arthistorians.info}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Kissingen |first=Stadt Bad |title=Datenbank - Biographisches Handbuch - Jüdische Bürger Bad Kissingen |url=http://www.biografisches-gedenkbuch-bk.de/kurzbiographien/datenbank/38566.Kurzbiografien.html |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Bad Kissingen |language=de}}</ref> ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar zamantakewa ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus, kuma mai nazarin al'amuran mata, kuma mai tarihin fasaha da gine-gine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Helen Rosenau |url=https://womenwritingarchitecture.org/people-and-organisations/helen-rosenau/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Women Writing Architecture}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title='It may be good art history': The rehabilitation of Dr. Helen Rosenau by Ben Uri Research Unit - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/benurigallery/docs/helen_rosenau |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> An bayyana aikinta na 1944 mai suna ''Women in Art'' a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin littattafan mata na farko a tarihin fasaha". <ref name=":0" /> An tilasta wa Rosenau barin Jamus a shekarun 1930, tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masana Yahudawa na Turai waɗanda suka kawo kirkire-kirkire a fannin ilimi a Burtaniya da Amurka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Woman in Art |url=https://yalebooks.co.uk/book/9781913107413/woman-in-art/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Yale University Press London |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Helen Rosenau a Monte Carlo, 'yar likitan likita Albert Rosenau da mahaifiyar Klara Rosenau (née Lion). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":3" /> An rene ta a Monte Carlo da kuma Bad Kissingen, Jamus, a cikin iyali mai arziki, <ref name=":1" /> kuma ta sami iliminta ta hanyar koyarwa ta sirri. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan kammala makarantar sakandare a shekarar 1923, Rosenau ta yi karatun tarihin fasaha a jami'o'i da dama, ciki har da Munich a ƙarƙashin Heinrich Wölfflin, [[Berlin]] a ƙarƙashin Adolph Goldschmidt, Bonn a ƙarƙashin Paul Clemen, da [[Hamburg]] a ƙarƙashin Erwin Panofsky . <ref name=":0" /> Abin lura shi ne Rosenau ita ce mutum na farko da ya tona cocin Bremen a shekarar 1931. An gabatar da rubutun Rosenau na shekarar 1930, kan batun cocin Cologne, a Hamburg. <ref name=":0" /> Daga nan ta koma Jami'ar Münster, tana shirin kammala ''aikinta'' na gyaran gine-gine na zamanin da. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Da hawan gwamnatin Nazi, an janye tallafin karatu na Rosenau kuma aka kore ta daga jami'a. <ref name=":1" /> Tare da mahaifiyarta, ta fara ƙaura zuwa Switzerland sannan ta yi ƙaura zuwa Burtaniya - ta isa a shekarar 1933. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" /> Rosenau ta samu tallafin kuɗi daga ƙungiyar mata ta jami'o'i ta Burtaniya, ta kammala gyaranta, ''Zane da Tsarin Gine-gine na Tsakiyar Zamani,'' a shekarar 1934. <ref name=":1" /> Ta ci gaba da karatunta a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Courtauld, inda ta sami digirin digirgir a shekarar 1940. <ref name=":1" /> Hukumomin Jamus sun ƙi amincewa da buƙatar da Rosenau ta yi ta sake yi a shekarar 1935 na ziyartar mahaifiyarta a Baden-Baden, waɗanda suka bayyana ta a matsayin "mai tayar da zaune tsaye" kuma suka zarge ta da "halin gurguzu". <ref name=":3" /> A shekarar 1940, an sanya ta cikin ƙungiyar ''Sonderfahndungsliste GB ,'' jerin sunayen mutanen da aka sanya wa suna don kamawa idan aka yi nasarar mamaye Birtaniya. <ref name=":3" /> Rosenau ta auri Zwi Carmi (an haife ta a 1883), likita, a 1938. <ref name=":0" /> Sun ɗauki ɗa, Michael, a shekarar 1944. <ref name=":3" /> Ta zama ɗalibi 'yar Birtaniya a shekarar 1948. <ref name=":1" /> Mijin Rosenau ya rasu a shekara ta 1950. <ref name=":1" /> == Sana'a == Daga 1935, Rosenau ta ba da gudummawa akai-akai ga wasu wallafe-wallafen ilimi na Burtaniya, ciki har da <nowiki><i id="mwjg">Apollo,</i></nowiki> ''Mujallar Burlington ,'' da Mujallar RIBA . <ref name=":1" /> Rubuce-rubucenta sun ƙunshi tarihin zane-zane, da kuma fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, na mata, da kuma na ɗan adam. <ref name=":1" /> "Ra'ayin Rosenau game da ɗan adam mai ci gaba da kuma ra'ayin mata" ya bayyana a cikin laccocinta ga Conway Hall Ethical Society, da kuma ginshiƙai na ''Labaran Mata na Duniya .'' <ref name=":1" /> Tun daga shekarun 1940, Rosenau ta kuma ba da laccoci kan ilimin manya ga Sashen Extra-Mural na Jami'ar London, <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of London Department of Extra-Mural Studies Reports - Birkbeck College: Publications - Birkbeck College archive - Archives Hub |url=http://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb1832-bbk/bbk/10/4 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk}}</ref> Majalisar Gundumar London (LCC), da Ƙungiyar Ilimi ta Ma'aikata (WEA). <ref name=":1" /> Ta ci gaba da wannan bayan ta yi ritaya. Bayan ta yi ritaya, ta ci gaba da laccoci na musamman ga Jami'ar London da Makarantar Gine-gine ta Polytechnic ta Tsakiyar London . <ref name=":1" /> Daga 1941, Rosenau ta yi aiki a Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Landan a ƙarƙashin masanin ilimin zamantakewa Karl Mannheim, tana bincike kan tarihin mata a fannin fasaha. <ref name=":0" /> An kira aikin da ta samar, ''Mace a Fasaha: daga Nau'i zuwa Halin Mutum,'' "ɗaya daga cikin farkon fannoni na mata a tarihin fasaha"; <ref name=":0" /> an bayyana shi a matsayin "mai ilimi kuma mai sauƙin samu", kuma ya cancanci a sanya shi a cikin tarihin tunanin mata da tarihin fasaha na zamani a cikin ƙarni biyu." <ref name=":2" /> A baya ta bayar da wani ɗan gajeren labari mai taken "Canza Halaye Zuwa Ga Mata" ga wani littafi da ƙungiyar Al'adu ta 'Yancin Jamus: ''Mata a ƙarƙashin Swastika'' (1942) ta buga. <ref name=":1" /> Bayan yaƙin, Rosenau ta ci gaba da aikinta a fannin ilimi, tana gabatar da laccoci a jami'o'i, ciki har da Jami'ar London (1947-1951; 1968-), da Jami'ar Manchester (1951-1968). <ref name=":0" /> An buga littafin tarihin zane-zane na Turanci na farko a shekarar 1948, a kan mai zane-zanen Faransa Jacques-Louis David . <ref name=":0" /> A Jami'ar Manchester, binciken Rosenau ya mayar da hankali kan aikin mai zane-zane ɗan Faransa, inda ta yi bincike kan mai zane-zanen juyin juya hali na Faransa Étienne-Louis Boullée, wanda littafinsa, ''Gine-gine, Essai sur L'art'', ta yi gyara kuma ta buga a shekarar 1953. <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1959, ta buga littafin ''The Ideal City a cikin Tsarin Gine-gine'' . <ref name=":0" /> Game da wannan, ''littafin History Today'' ya rubuta cewa "babban ƙarfin littafin yana cikin hangen nesa na marubucinsa da kuma bayanin dangantakar da ke tsakanin manufofin falsafa da siffofin gine-gine." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ideal City - Its Architectural Evolution in Europe {{!}} History Today |url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/ideal-city-its-architectural-evolution-europe |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=www.historytoday.com}}</ref> Rosenau ta dawo Jami'ar Landan a shekarar 1968, inda ta kuma yi lacca a Kwalejin Leo Baeck ta Yahudawa mai ci gaba. <ref name=":0" /> == Mutuwa da gado == Helen Rosenau ta mutu a Landan a ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 1984. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2023, Jami'ar Yale ta buga wani sabon bugu na littafin Rosenau mai suna ''Women in Art,'' wanda ke nuna cika shekaru tamanin da fara buga shi. <ref name=":2" /> Sabon wurin da aka yi masa cikakken launi an fara gabatar da shi ne ta hanyar wani tarihin rayuwar marubucin, Adrian Rifkin, wani bincike kan rayuwar marubucin a Birtaniya a matsayin malamin 'yan gudun hijira na Rachel Dickson da kuma hoton Rosenau a matsayin masanin ilimin mata, sai kuma jerin kasidu bakwai da Griselda Pollock ta rubuta, tana nazarin muhimmancin littafin a matsayin aikin tarihin zamantakewa na mata. <ref name=":2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1900]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 09sq7955kbbdse2gf422b4x45mpxtx1 0 166269 915989 2026-09-04T08:48:22Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368482215|Susanne Charlotte Engelmann]]" 915989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susanne Charlotte Engelmann''' (26 Satumba 1886 - 26 Yuni 1963) Farfesa ce ta Jamus a fannin ilimi, 'yar Furotesta 'yar asalin Yahudawa, wacce ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka bayan hawan [[Adolf Hitler]] da Jam'iyyar Nazi. == Ilimi == An haifi Engelmann a [[Berlin]] a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1886. A farkon karni na 20, Engelmann ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a wata makarantar 'yan mata ta musamman a can, kuma a shekarar 1905 ta kammala ''Abitur'' a makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta wadda [[Helene Lange]] ta kafa. Engelmann ta yi karatun jami'a a Berlin da Heidelberg, inda ta yi nazarin fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da Jamusanci, [[Nazarin Ingilishi|nazarin Turanci]], [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]], da kuma ilimin koyarwa . Ta gama karatunta a shekara ta 1909 tare da rubutawa a kan "tasirin waƙar jama'a a kan waƙar waƙar yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci", ("Einfluss des Volksliedes auf die Lyrik der Befreiungskriege"). A shekarar 1910 ta kammala jarrabawar shaidar kammala karatun Jamusanci kuma ta yi wannan shekarar a matsayin shekarar shiri a makarantu daban-daban na 'yan mata a Berlin. A shekarar 1912 ta sami lasisin koyarwa a makarantun sakandare a Prussia. Engelmann ya yi shekarar karatu daga 1913 zuwa 14 a matsayin malamin Jamus a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr da ke [[Pennsylvania]] a Amurka. Ta yi hulɗa da ƙwararru a Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Amurka (AAUW) kuma ta haɓaka iliminta game da ƙasar da yaren da daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar ƙaura da zama a Amurka lokacin da haɓakar gurguzu ta ƙasa a [[Jamus]] ta tilasta mata yin ƙaura. == Aiki == Bayan zamanta a Amurka, Engelmann ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta ( ''Studienrat'' ) na tsawon shekaru 12 har sai da ta zama daraktar makarantar sakandare kuma a shekarar 1928 ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Viktoria-Oberlyzeum, makarantar farko ta 'yan mata a Berlin da ta bayar da ''Abitur'', jarrabawar da ke nuna ƙarshen karatun kafin kwaleji. Engelmann wani muhimmin malami ne a lokacin Jamhuriyar Weimar wanda ke aiki a fannin ilimin mata. Ta buga ayyukan kimiyya da dama kan wannan batu kuma a tsawon rayuwarta ta yi aiki a fannin koyarwa ko bincike kan tsarin ilimi da ilimi. Bayan da Jam'iyyar Nazi ta hau mulki a Jamus a shekarar 1933, malamai waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Yahudawa, kamar Engelmann, sun fuskanci matsin lamba sosai, daga ƙarshe suka bar wannan sana'a. Bayan da aka tilasta wa Engelmann yin ritaya, ta tuntubi Esther Brunauer a Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'a ta Amurka da ke Washington. Yayin da yake binciken yiwuwar ƙaura, Engelmann ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin [[adabi]], [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] da kuma ilimin koyarwa . Ba ta ji daɗin yadda aikinta yake tafiya ba amma ba ta son yin ƙaura ba tare da ta fara samun matsayin jami'a ba. Ba kamar sauran mutanen da aka tilasta musu barin aikinta ba, Engelmann ta sami ƙaramin fansho, kuma ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta, Martha Engelmann, wacce ta dogara da kuɗin shigarta. Tun daga shekarar 1935, Engelmann ta jagoranci sashen ilimin manya a ''Berliner Paulus-Bund'', matsayin da ta cancanta bisa ga matsayinta na Furotesta kuma memba na Cocin Furotesta wanda Martin Niemöller ke jagoranta a Berlin. A shekarar 1937 aka cire ta daga muƙamin bayan aiwatar da Dokokin Nuremberg . Daga nan Engelmann ta ƙara himma wajen yin ƙaura, musamman a cikin wasiƙunta da ta yi da AAUW. Ɗan'uwanta ya taimaka wa Engelmann da mahaifiyarsu su gudu daga Jamus su haɗu da shi a [[Turkiyya]], inda ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki ta Turkiyya. Engelmann ta zauna a Istanbul kuma ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Jin Dadin Jama'a ta Amurka, inda ta koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Mahaifiyarta a watan Yunin 1940 kuma Engelmann ta yi tafiya ta [[Rasha]], Siberia, Manchuria, da [[Japan]], inda ta isa Amurka a shekarar 1941. Ta shiga fannin ilimi ta hanyar taimakon Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Amurka, wadda ta sanya ta a matsayin ''Malamin 'Yan Gudun Hijira'' a Kwalejin Wilson da ke [[Pennsylvania]] a shekarar karatu ta 1942–43. Ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na ilimi a cikin shekaru da dama da suka biyo baya, kuma a shekarar 1947 ta riƙe matsayin farfesa na farko a Kwalejin Mary Washington da ke Fredericksburg, Virginia, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1952. Engelmann ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1948. A shekarar 1952, ta koma Berlin ta karɓi diyya ta kuɗi don fanshon da ta biya amma ba a biya ta ba bayan ritayar da aka tilasta mata a shekarar 1933. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa alaƙar da take da ita da ikilisiyar Dahlem ita ma ta sa ta dawo. Wani abin jan hankali kuma shi ne sake gina tsarin ilimin Jamus. Littattafan da ta wallafa daga baya sun ƙara damuwa da tsarin ilimin Jamus na shekarun 1930 da kuma musamman hanyoyin koyar da ɗabi'a da 'yan gurguzu na ƙasa suka amince da su. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] e53ucze38zx5etghzjjqlf1b24l2kgi 915990 915989 2026-09-04T08:48:44Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Susanne Charlotte Engelmann''' (26 Satumba 1886 - 26 Yuni 1963) Farfesa ce ta Jamus a fannin ilimi, 'yar Furotesta 'yar asalin Yahudawa, wacce ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka bayan hawan [[Adolf Hitler]] da Jam'iyyar Nazi. == Ilimi == An haifi Engelmann a [[Berlin]] a ranar 26 ga Satumba 1886. A farkon karni na 20, Engelmann ta kammala karatunta na sakandare a wata makarantar 'yan mata ta musamman a can, kuma a shekarar 1905 ta kammala ''Abitur'' a makarantar sakandare mai zaman kanta wadda [[Helene Lange]] ta kafa. Engelmann ta yi karatun jami'a a Berlin da Heidelberg, inda ta yi nazarin fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da Jamusanci, [[Nazarin Ingilishi|nazarin Turanci]], [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]], da kuma ilimin koyarwa . Ta gama karatunta a shekara ta 1909 tare da rubutawa a kan "tasirin waƙar jama'a a kan waƙar waƙar yaƙe-yaƙe na 'yanci", ("Einfluss des Volksliedes auf die Lyrik der Befreiungskriege"). A shekarar 1910 ta kammala jarrabawar shaidar kammala karatun Jamusanci kuma ta yi wannan shekarar a matsayin shekarar shiri a makarantu daban-daban na 'yan mata a Berlin. A shekarar 1912 ta sami lasisin koyarwa a makarantun sakandare a Prussia. Engelmann ya yi shekarar karatu daga 1913 zuwa 14 a matsayin malamin Jamus a Kwalejin Bryn Mawr da ke [[Pennsylvania]] a Amurka. Ta yi hulɗa da ƙwararru a Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Amurka (AAUW) kuma ta haɓaka iliminta game da ƙasar da yaren da daga baya ya taimaka mata wajen samun nasarar ƙaura da zama a Amurka lokacin da haɓakar gurguzu ta ƙasa a [[Jamus]] ta tilasta mata yin ƙaura. == Aiki == Bayan zamanta a Amurka, Engelmann ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta ( ''Studienrat'' ) na tsawon shekaru 12 har sai da ta zama daraktar makarantar sakandare kuma a shekarar 1928 ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Viktoria-Oberlyzeum, makarantar farko ta 'yan mata a Berlin da ta bayar da ''Abitur'', jarrabawar da ke nuna ƙarshen karatun kafin kwaleji. Engelmann wani muhimmin malami ne a lokacin Jamhuriyar Weimar wanda ke aiki a fannin ilimin mata. Ta buga ayyukan kimiyya da dama kan wannan batu kuma a tsawon rayuwarta ta yi aiki a fannin koyarwa ko bincike kan tsarin ilimi da ilimi. Bayan da Jam'iyyar Nazi ta hau mulki a Jamus a shekarar 1933, malamai waɗanda suka fito daga asalin Yahudawa, kamar Engelmann, sun fuskanci matsin lamba sosai, daga ƙarshe suka bar wannan sana'a. Bayan da aka tilasta wa Engelmann yin ritaya, ta tuntubi Esther Brunauer a Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'a ta Amurka da ke Washington. Yayin da yake binciken yiwuwar ƙaura, Engelmann ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin [[adabi]], [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar ɗan adam]] da kuma ilimin koyarwa . Ba ta ji daɗin yadda aikinta yake tafiya ba amma ba ta son yin ƙaura ba tare da ta fara samun matsayin jami'a ba. Ba kamar sauran mutanen da aka tilasta musu barin aikinta ba, Engelmann ta sami ƙaramin fansho, kuma ta zauna tare da mahaifiyarta, Martha Engelmann, wacce ta dogara da kuɗin shigarta. Tun daga shekarar 1935, Engelmann ta jagoranci sashen ilimin manya a ''Berliner Paulus-Bund'', matsayin da ta cancanta bisa ga matsayinta na Furotesta kuma memba na Cocin Furotesta wanda Martin Niemöller ke jagoranta a Berlin. A shekarar 1937 aka cire ta daga muƙamin bayan aiwatar da Dokokin Nuremberg . Daga nan Engelmann ta ƙara himma wajen yin ƙaura, musamman a cikin wasiƙunta da ta yi da AAUW. Ɗan'uwanta ya taimaka wa Engelmann da mahaifiyarsu su gudu daga Jamus su haɗu da shi a [[Turkiyya]], inda ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki ta Turkiyya. Engelmann ta zauna a Istanbul kuma ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Kula da Jin Dadin Jama'a ta Amurka, inda ta koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam . Mahaifiyarta a watan Yunin 1940 kuma Engelmann ta yi tafiya ta [[Rasha]], Siberia, Manchuria, da [[Japan]], inda ta isa Amurka a shekarar 1941. Ta shiga fannin ilimi ta hanyar taimakon Ƙungiyar Matan Jami'o'i ta Amurka, wadda ta sanya ta a matsayin ''Malamin 'Yan Gudun Hijira'' a Kwalejin Wilson da ke [[Pennsylvania]] a shekarar karatu ta 1942–43. Ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na ilimi a cikin shekaru da dama da suka biyo baya, kuma a shekarar 1947 ta riƙe matsayin farfesa na farko a Kwalejin Mary Washington da ke Fredericksburg, Virginia, inda ta yi aiki har zuwa lokacin da ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1952. Engelmann ya zama ɗan ƙasar Amurka a shekarar 1948. A shekarar 1952, ta koma Berlin ta karɓi diyya ta kuɗi don fanshon da ta biya amma ba a biya ta ba bayan ritayar da aka tilasta mata a shekarar 1933. Wasu sun yi imanin cewa alaƙar da take da ita da ikilisiyar Dahlem ita ma ta sa ta dawo. Wani abin jan hankali kuma shi ne sake gina tsarin ilimin Jamus. Littattafan da ta wallafa daga baya sun ƙara damuwa da tsarin ilimin Jamus na shekarun 1930 da kuma musamman hanyoyin koyar da ɗabi'a da 'yan gurguzu na ƙasa suka amince da su. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1886]] 9newii3mrnsw05fvh44ra1m7phh2d36 0 166270 915991 2026-09-04T08:49:38Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363848082|Beate Roessler]]" 915991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beate Roessler''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1958 a Heidelberg ) ƙwararriyar masaniyar falsafa ce kuma mai bincike a Jamus wacce Farfesa ce a fannin ɗabi'a a Jami'ar Amsterdam . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Amsterdam |first=Universiteit van |date=2023-05-03 |title=Prof. dr. B. (Beate) Roessler |url=https://www.uva.nl/en/profile/r/o/b.roessler/b.roessler.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=University of Amsterdam |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Roessler ya yi karatun falsafa a biranen Jamus da Ingila da dama, ciki har da London, Oxford, da Berlin. An kammala karatun digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1988 a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin . Tsarin kula da lafiyar Roessler ya ƙirƙiro ka'idar darajar sirri, kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 2001 a Jami'ar Bremen . <ref name=":0" /> Roessler Farfesa ne na Socrates na Tushen Dan Adam a Jami'ar Leiden tsakanin 2003 da 2010. Roessler ta riƙe mukamai daban-daban na bincike da koyarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci; ta kasance ma'aikaciya a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba ta Berlin a 2003 da 2004. Roessler malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar Macquarie, Sydney, Makarantar Shari'a a Jami'ar Melbourne, da kuma Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2023, za ta koyar a matsayin Bok Fellow a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fall 2023 - Penn Law School |url=https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/4967-courseplanningxls |access-date=2023-07-10 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> Beate Roessler memba ce ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Sirri ta Amsterdam da kuma Dandalin Ɗabi'a da Siyasar Fasaha. Roessler edita ne na mujallar falsafa ta Turai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/14680378/homepage/editorialboard.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Wiley Online Library |doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1468-0378}}</ref> da kuma mujallar nazarin sirri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Team {{!}} Privacy Studies Journal |url=https://tidsskrift.dk/privacy_studies_journal/about/editorialTeam |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=tidsskrift.dk}}</ref> Tana cikin aikin ''Political Microtargeting: Safeguarding Public Values'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Microtargeting: Safeguarding public values – ICDS |url=https://www.uva-icds.net/political-microtargeting/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |language=en}}</ref> da kuma haɗin gwiwar shirin gravitation ''Values Public in the Algorithmic Society'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Team {{!}} AlgoSoc |url=https://algosoc.org/Team |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=2turvenhoog |language=nl}}</ref> Membobin kwamitin Roessler sun haɗa da kwamitin edita na jerin littattafan ''Essex Studies in Contemporary Critical Theory'' (Rowman da Littlefield) da kuma kwamitin ba da shawara na ƙasa da ƙasa na ''Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa'', Frankfurt/Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committees - Institut für Sozialforschung |url=https://www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de/{{sic|commit|ees|hide=y}}.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de |language=en}}</ref> Roessler memba ne mai dacewa da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Bil Adama ta Göttingen, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members: Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AdW) |url=https://adw-goe.de/en/members/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=adw-goe.de}}</ref> memba ne na Kwalejin Europaea <ref>{{Cite web |title=Academy of Europe: User |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.ae-info.org}}</ref> da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Directory {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/directory |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.amacad.org}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == === Littattafai === * ''Die Theorie des Verstehens in Sprachanalyse und Hermeneutik'', Berlin: Duncker und Humblot 1990 * ''Der Wert des Privaten'', Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2001; Fassarar Turanci: ''[http://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9780745631103 Darajar Sirri]'', Latsa Siyasa, 2005 * ''Mulkin kai.'' ''Ein Versuch über das gelungene Leben'' , Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2017; Fassarar Yaren mutanen Holland: ''Mai zaman kansa.'' ''Een essay over het vervulde leven'', Boom 2018; Fassarar Turanci: ''[https://www.politybooks.com/bookdetail?book_slug=autonomy-an-essay-on-the-life-well-lived--9781509537990 'Yancin Kai: Muƙala Kan Rayuwa Mai Kyau]'', Polity Press, 2021 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] sp2ia767xntd2d53dw9eyzbbmgvkxqs 915992 915991 2026-09-04T08:49:58Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Beate Roessler''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1958 a Heidelberg ) ƙwararriyar masaniyar falsafa ce kuma mai bincike a Jamus wacce Farfesa ce a fannin ɗabi'a a Jami'ar Amsterdam . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Amsterdam |first=Universiteit van |date=2023-05-03 |title=Prof. dr. B. (Beate) Roessler |url=https://www.uva.nl/en/profile/r/o/b.roessler/b.roessler.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=University of Amsterdam |language=en}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Roessler ya yi karatun falsafa a biranen Jamus da Ingila da dama, ciki har da London, Oxford, da Berlin. An kammala karatun digirin digirgir (Ph.D.) a shekarar 1988 a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin . Tsarin kula da lafiyar Roessler ya ƙirƙiro ka'idar darajar sirri, kuma an kammala ta a shekarar 2001 a Jami'ar Bremen . <ref name=":0" /> Roessler Farfesa ne na Socrates na Tushen Dan Adam a Jami'ar Leiden tsakanin 2003 da 2010. Roessler ta riƙe mukamai daban-daban na bincike da koyarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci; ta kasance ma'aikaciya a Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba ta Berlin a 2003 da 2004. Roessler malami ne mai ziyara a Jami'ar Macquarie, Sydney, Makarantar Shari'a a Jami'ar Melbourne, da kuma Jami'ar New York . <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2023, za ta koyar a matsayin Bok Fellow a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Pennsylvania . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fall 2023 - Penn Law School |url=https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/4967-courseplanningxls |access-date=2023-07-10 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> Beate Roessler memba ce ta kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Sirri ta Amsterdam da kuma Dandalin Ɗabi'a da Siyasar Fasaha. Roessler edita ne na mujallar falsafa ta Turai <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Board |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/14680378/homepage/editorialboard.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Wiley Online Library |doi=10.1111/(ISSN)1468-0378}}</ref> da kuma mujallar nazarin sirri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial Team {{!}} Privacy Studies Journal |url=https://tidsskrift.dk/privacy_studies_journal/about/editorialTeam |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=tidsskrift.dk}}</ref> Tana cikin aikin ''Political Microtargeting: Safeguarding Public Values'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Political Microtargeting: Safeguarding public values – ICDS |url=https://www.uva-icds.net/political-microtargeting/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |language=en}}</ref> da kuma haɗin gwiwar shirin gravitation ''Values Public in the Algorithmic Society'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Team {{!}} AlgoSoc |url=https://algosoc.org/Team |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=2turvenhoog |language=nl}}</ref> Membobin kwamitin Roessler sun haɗa da kwamitin edita na jerin littattafan ''Essex Studies in Contemporary Critical Theory'' (Rowman da Littlefield) da kuma kwamitin ba da shawara na ƙasa da ƙasa na ''Cibiyar Nazarin Zamantakewa'', Frankfurt/Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Committees - Institut für Sozialforschung |url=https://www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de/{{sic|commit|ees|hide=y}}.html |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.ifs.uni-frankfurt.de |language=en}}</ref> Roessler memba ne mai dacewa da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Bil Adama ta Göttingen, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members: Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities (AdW) |url=https://adw-goe.de/en/members/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=adw-goe.de}}</ref> memba ne na Kwalejin Europaea <ref>{{Cite web |title=Academy of Europe: User |url=https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.ae-info.org}}</ref> da kuma Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Member Directory {{!}} American Academy of Arts and Sciences |url=https://www.amacad.org/directory |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=www.amacad.org}}</ref> == Littattafan tarihi == === Littattafai === * ''Die Theorie des Verstehens in Sprachanalyse und Hermeneutik'', Berlin: Duncker und Humblot 1990 * ''Der Wert des Privaten'', Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2001; Fassarar Turanci: ''[http://politybooks.com/bookdetail/?isbn=9780745631103 Darajar Sirri]'', Latsa Siyasa, 2005 * ''Mulkin kai.'' ''Ein Versuch über das gelungene Leben'' , Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2017; Fassarar Yaren mutanen Holland: ''Mai zaman kansa.'' ''Een essay over het vervulde leven'', Boom 2018; Fassarar Turanci: ''[https://www.politybooks.com/bookdetail?book_slug=autonomy-an-essay-on-the-life-well-lived--9781509537990 'Yancin Kai: Muƙala Kan Rayuwa Mai Kyau]'', Polity Press, 2021 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] d4sycoydxylqmh2ypa9iubm80qp9s5f 0 166271 915993 2026-09-04T08:50:49Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366451292|Johanna Pink]]" 915993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johanna Pink''' masanin ilimin Islama ce ta Jamus. Ita Farfesa ce a Nazarin Musulunci da Tarihin Musulunci a Jami'ar Albert-Ludwigs ta Freiburg . <ref name="o918">{{Cite web |title=Professor Dr. Johanna Pink |url=https://www.orient.uni-freiburg.de/islamwissenschaft/mitarbeiter/pink |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=Orientalisches Seminar |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == ; a matsayin marubuci * ''Fassarar Alƙur'ani na Musulmi a Yau: Kafofin Yaɗa Labarai, Asalin Halitta da Al'ummomin Fassara'' ; a matsayin edita * ''Ƙungiyoyin Musulmi a Zamanin Cin Abinci Mai Yawa: Siyasa, Al'adu da Asalinsu Tsakanin Na Gida da Na Duniya'' * ''Fassarar Alƙur'ani a Indonesia: Siyasar Nassi a Ƙasa Mai Harsuna Da Yawa - Nazarin Routledge a Alƙur'ani'' * ''Tafsir da Tarihin Hankali na Musulunci: Binciken Iyakokin Nau'i'' tare da Andreas Görke == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 88qm23vw2zh2huz10znbaamugreuzlg 915994 915993 2026-09-04T08:51:05Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Johanna Pink''' masanin ilimin Islama ce ta Jamus. Ita Farfesa ce a Nazarin Musulunci da Tarihin Musulunci a Jami'ar Albert-Ludwigs ta Freiburg . <ref name="o918">{{Cite web |title=Professor Dr. Johanna Pink |url=https://www.orient.uni-freiburg.de/islamwissenschaft/mitarbeiter/pink |access-date=2026-03-16 |website=Orientalisches Seminar |language=de}}</ref> == Ayyuka == ; a matsayin marubuci * ''Fassarar Alƙur'ani na Musulmi a Yau: Kafofin Yaɗa Labarai, Asalin Halitta da Al'ummomin Fassara'' ; a matsayin edita * ''Ƙungiyoyin Musulmi a Zamanin Cin Abinci Mai Yawa: Siyasa, Al'adu da Asalinsu Tsakanin Na Gida da Na Duniya'' * ''Fassarar Alƙur'ani a Indonesia: Siyasar Nassi a Ƙasa Mai Harsuna Da Yawa - Nazarin Routledge a Alƙur'ani'' * ''Tafsir da Tarihin Hankali na Musulunci: Binciken Iyakokin Nau'i'' tare da Andreas Görke == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5jhbqmxeedh3qwytwqy7njvpnj19l00 0 166272 915995 2026-09-04T08:51:59Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362545677|Peggy Piesche]]" 915995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peggy Piesche''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968 a Arnstadt, Jamus) ƙwararriyar masanin kimiyyar adabi da al'adu ce ta Jamus, tana aiki a fannin ilimin manya kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan bambancin ra'ayi, hulɗa da mulkin mallaka a Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hukumar Tarayya don Ilimi a Jama'a). Peggy Piesche ɗaya ce daga cikin shahararrun muryoyin mata baƙaƙe a Jamus. Asalinta kuma ya haɗa da 'yan madigo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peggy Piesche {{!}} transversal texts |url=https://transversal.at/bio/piesche |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=transversal.at}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Interview mit Peggy Piesche über Lesben in der DDR: "Sichtbarkeit kann niemals nur die eigene sein" |url=https://maedchenmannschaft.net/interview-peggy-piesche-lesben-in-der-ddr-sichtbarkeit-kann-niemals-nur-die-eigene-sein/ |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Mädchenmannschaft |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Rayuwa == === Ilimi === An haifi Peggy Piesche a Arnstadt (Thuringia) a cikin abin da aka kira Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus a shekarar 1968. Daga 1974 zuwa 1984 ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta fasaha da ke Arnstadt, sannan ta kammala karatunta da Abitur (difloma ta sakandare a Jamus wadda ta cancanci shiga jami'a) a makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta Gotha-Friedrichswerth. Tun daga shekarar 1987, Piesche ya yi karatu don zama malamin Jamusanci da Rashanci a makarantar sakandare ta koyarwa da ke [[Erfurt]] / Mühlhausen . A wannan lokacin, ta yi zangon karatu guda ɗaya a ƙasashen waje a Smolensk (USSR). Piesche ta ƙaura zuwa Tübingen bayan rugujewar katangar Berlin . Da ta isa can, tun daga shekarar 1990, ta yi nazarin adabin Jamus na zamani, tarihi na da, da kuma falsafa. Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1995. === Aikin ilimi === Bayan kammala karatunta, Piesche ta koyar a jami'o'in Bonn da Bochum daga 1996 zuwa 1999. Daga nan ta koma Jami'ar Utrecht inda ta yi aiki daga 1996 zuwa 2001 a matsayin malamar DAAD ( [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|Jamus Academic Exchange Service]] ) a sashen Jamus. A shekara ta 2001 ta zama memba na shirin digiri na biyu "Littattafan Tafiya da Ilimin Al'adu" a Jami'ar Paderborn kuma tana da mukamai daban-daban na koyarwa a Berlin a Jami'ar Humboldt da kuma Jami'ar Freie . Piesche mataimakiyar bincike ce a Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg ta Mainz daga 2004 zuwa 2007, a can ta tsara aikin da aka ba da kuɗi ga ɗaliban Black European Studies. A shekara ta 2007, Piesche ya koma Amurka kuma ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Vassar da ke Poughkeepsie (NY), sannan daga shekara ta 2010 ya koyar a Kwalejin Hamilton da ke Clinton (NY). Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2016 ta yi bincike a Kwalejin Nazarin Afirka ta Ci gaba a Jami'ar Bayreuth tare da mai da hankali kan "Zukunftskonzeptionen in Africa und der Diaspora" (manufofi na makomar Afirka da kuma ƙasashen da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje). A Bayreuth ta yi aiki a kan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar mazauna ƙasashen waje da kuma yankunan da ke cikin canjin yanayi, da kuma ayyukan al'adun tunawa da al'adun baƙar fata da kuma nazarin makomar mata 'yan mata da kuma Nazarin Kabila/farin fata. Bayan aikinta na ilimi, Piesche ta koma Gunda Werner Institute for Feminism and Generational Democracy of the Heinrich Böll Foundation a shekarar 2017. A can ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana kan adalcin haihuwa da kuma siyasar tunawa tsakanin al'ummomi. Tun daga Nuwamba 2019 Piesche ya ba da hayar yankin "Diversity, Intersectionality and Decolonization" na Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hukumar Ilimi ta Tarayya.) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 8wxwqqsejgbzzzkhntr9f0qaufm5s6z 915996 915995 2026-09-04T08:52:13Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peggy Piesche''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1968 a Arnstadt, Jamus) ƙwararriyar masanin kimiyyar adabi da al'adu ce ta Jamus, tana aiki a fannin ilimin manya kuma tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan bambancin ra'ayi, hulɗa da mulkin mallaka a Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hukumar Tarayya don Ilimi a Jama'a). Peggy Piesche ɗaya ce daga cikin shahararrun muryoyin mata baƙaƙe a Jamus. Asalinta kuma ya haɗa da 'yan madigo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Peggy Piesche {{!}} transversal texts |url=https://transversal.at/bio/piesche |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=transversal.at}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Interview mit Peggy Piesche über Lesben in der DDR: "Sichtbarkeit kann niemals nur die eigene sein" |url=https://maedchenmannschaft.net/interview-peggy-piesche-lesben-in-der-ddr-sichtbarkeit-kann-niemals-nur-die-eigene-sein/ |access-date=2020-07-24 |website=Mädchenmannschaft |language=de-DE}}</ref> == Rayuwa == === Ilimi === An haifi Peggy Piesche a Arnstadt (Thuringia) a cikin abin da aka kira Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus a shekarar 1968. Daga 1974 zuwa 1984 ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta fasaha da ke Arnstadt, sannan ta kammala karatunta da Abitur (difloma ta sakandare a Jamus wadda ta cancanci shiga jami'a) a makarantar koyon sana'o'i ta Gotha-Friedrichswerth. Tun daga shekarar 1987, Piesche ya yi karatu don zama malamin Jamusanci da Rashanci a makarantar sakandare ta koyarwa da ke [[Erfurt]] / Mühlhausen . A wannan lokacin, ta yi zangon karatu guda ɗaya a ƙasashen waje a Smolensk (USSR). Piesche ta ƙaura zuwa Tübingen bayan rugujewar katangar Berlin . Da ta isa can, tun daga shekarar 1990, ta yi nazarin adabin Jamus na zamani, tarihi na da, da kuma falsafa. Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1995. === Aikin ilimi === Bayan kammala karatunta, Piesche ta koyar a jami'o'in Bonn da Bochum daga 1996 zuwa 1999. Daga nan ta koma Jami'ar Utrecht inda ta yi aiki daga 1996 zuwa 2001 a matsayin malamar DAAD ( [[Sabis ɗin Musayar Ilimi na Jamus|Jamus Academic Exchange Service]] ) a sashen Jamus. A shekara ta 2001 ta zama memba na shirin digiri na biyu "Littattafan Tafiya da Ilimin Al'adu" a Jami'ar Paderborn kuma tana da mukamai daban-daban na koyarwa a Berlin a Jami'ar Humboldt da kuma Jami'ar Freie . Piesche mataimakiyar bincike ce a Jami'ar Johannes Gutenberg ta Mainz daga 2004 zuwa 2007, a can ta tsara aikin da aka ba da kuɗi ga ɗaliban Black European Studies. A shekara ta 2007, Piesche ya koma Amurka kuma ya fara koyarwa a Kwalejin Vassar da ke Poughkeepsie (NY), sannan daga shekara ta 2010 ya koyar a Kwalejin Hamilton da ke Clinton (NY). Daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2016 ta yi bincike a Kwalejin Nazarin Afirka ta Ci gaba a Jami'ar Bayreuth tare da mai da hankali kan "Zukunftskonzeptionen in Africa und der Diaspora" (manufofi na makomar Afirka da kuma ƙasashen da ke zaune a ƙasashen waje). A Bayreuth ta yi aiki a kan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar mazauna ƙasashen waje da kuma yankunan da ke cikin canjin yanayi, da kuma ayyukan al'adun tunawa da al'adun baƙar fata da kuma nazarin makomar mata 'yan mata da kuma Nazarin Kabila/farin fata. Bayan aikinta na ilimi, Piesche ta koma Gunda Werner Institute for Feminism and Generational Democracy of the Heinrich Böll Foundation a shekarar 2017. A can ta yi aiki a matsayin mai magana kan adalcin haihuwa da kuma siyasar tunawa tsakanin al'ummomi. Tun daga Nuwamba 2019 Piesche ya ba da hayar yankin "Diversity, Intersectionality and Decolonization" na Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hukumar Ilimi ta Tarayya.) == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]] 3f0642slap2wraqvu4ymb3h7t187dlp 0 166273 915997 2026-09-04T08:53:21Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354475512|Dina Emundts]]" 915997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dina Emundts''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) ƙwararriyar [[Falsafa|masaniyar falsafa ce]] ta Jamus kuma malamar jami'a a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Emundts, Dina, Prof. Dr. |url=https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/we01/institut/mitarbeiter/professuren/emundts/index.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Freie Universität Berlin |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunk.de |date=December 23, 2017 |title=Reihe: Fragen nach Identität - Steckt Deutschland im Identitätskonflikt? |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/reihe-fragen-nach-identitaet-steckt-deutschland-im-100.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel im Fokus Ausgabe 6 "Erfahren und Erkennen" |url=https://www.stadtpalais-stuttgart.de/mediathek/hegel-im-fokus-ausgabe-6-erfahren-und-erkennen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=StadtPalais – Museum für Stuttgart |language=de}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2017, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Hegel ta duniya bayan ta gaji Axel Honneth . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 11, 2020 |title=War Hegel ein Rassist? Philosophen streiten bei Festakt |url=https://www.diepresse.com/5865702/war-hegel-ein-rassist-philosophen-streiten-bei-festakt |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Die Presse |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |url=https://hegelvereinigung.org/ |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=News: New Vorstand of the Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung/ Neuer Vorstand der Internationalen Hegel-Vereinigung/ Nouveau Vorstand de l’Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung {{!}} hegelpd |url=https://www.hegelpd.it/hegel/news-new-vorstand-of-the-internationale-hegel-vereinigung-neuer-vorstand-der-internationalen-hegel-vereinigung-nouveau-vorstand-de-linternationale-hegel-vereinigung/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1998, ta yi karatun falsafa da nazarin Jamusanci a Jami'ar Free Berlin da Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . Bayan kammala karatun digiri na biyu (MA) a shekarar 1998, tare da digiri na farko (thesis) ''Kants Geschichts Philosophie'' (falsafar tarihi ta [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] ). A cikin 1998 ta sami tallafin karatu daga Istituto Italiano per gli studii filosofici. Daga 1998 zuwa 2010, ta kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Humboldt ta [[Berlin]] a sashen Rolf-Peter Horstmann . Ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a watan Yulin 2003 a Jami'ar Humboldt tare da takardar digirin digirgir kan falsafar yanayi ta Kant ( ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im Opus postumum'' ). == Sana'a == Ta yi wani taron karawa juna sani na DFG daga 2007 zuwa 2010 tare da aikin Resistance a Hegel da Peirce . A shekarar 2007 ta kasance Malamar Ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar New York . A shekarar 2008 ta kasance malamar ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a UC Berkeley . A zangon karatu na bazara na 2009, ta maye gurbin Ludwig Siep a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Münster . A zangon karatu na hunturu na 2009/2010, ta riƙe shugabancin Birgit Sandkaulen a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Jena . Bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar Humboldt a 2010 tare da littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen.'' ''Ta hanyar ka'idar Hegels ta Wirklichkeit'', ta koyar daga 2010 zuwa 2016 a matsayin farfesa a fannin falsafa da falsafar kimiyya tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan falsafar harshe, falsafar tunani da falsafar kimiyyar fahimtar kimiyya (Wissenschaftstheorie der verstehenden Wissenschaften) a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar Konstanz . <ref name=":0" /> Tun daga shekarar 2016, ta kasance Farfesa a fannin tarihin falsafa a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel-Preis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart 2021 an Professorin Béatrice Longuenesse verliehen – Metropoljournal.com |url=https://www.metropoljournal.com/lokales/baden-wuerttemberg2/25331-hegel%E2%80%90preis-der-landeshauptstadt-stuttgart-2021-an-professorin-b%C3%A9atrice-longuenesse-verliehen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=www.metropoljournal.com}}</ref> Emundts 2012 Littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit'' shine fassarar ''Habilitationsschrift'' dinta daga 2009, inda ta gabatar da fassarar falsafar falsafar Hegel. Littafin ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan littafin Hegel ''[['Yanci na sanin kai|mai suna Phenomenology of Spirit]]'' . A cewar Emundt: "Ga Hegel, gaskiya ba za ta iya zama cikakkiyar fahimta ba", amma abin da ba na ra'ayi ba ne wanda ke cikin gogewa, ya zama dole, tunda ƙa'idodin ra'ayi za a iya haɓaka su ne kawai, idan akwai wani abu a waje da su, wanda za a iya cimmawa bisa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi. A cikin gyaran abin da aka faɗa game da babi na farko na ''Phenomenology'', Emundt ya yi jayayya cewa matsayin "Sanarwa Mai Kyau" ya gaza, ba wai saboda ya kuduri aniyar yin nuni ga abubuwan da ba na ra'ayi ba, ga abubuwa na musamman na ƙwarewar ji ba, amma saboda ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa abu yana wanzu ba, ba tare da ambaton sa a cikin dogon lokaci ba, ta haka ne ya sanya shi ya zama na duniya baki ɗaya. A yanayin babin "Fahimta", matsayin ya gaza haka nan, ba saboda sabani tsakanin abu da halayensa ba, amma "wani abu na duniya wanda ya dage duk da bambancin muƙamin". A cikin littafin Emundts ya kuma soki falsafar [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], wanda a bisa ga haka iliminmu game da abubuwa ya zama marar kuskure. Angelica Nuzzo, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nuzzo |first=Angelica |last2=Emundts |first2=Dina |date=2015 |title=Review of Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit, EmundtsDina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26595917 |journal=Hegel-Studien |volume=49 |pages=212–214 |issn=0073-1587}}</ref> Brady Bowman, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman |first=Brady |author-link=Brady Bowman |title=Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729141805/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |language=en-US}}</ref> Holger Glinka <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glinka |first=Holger |date=2013 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43038960 |journal=Archives de Philosophie |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |issn=0003-9632}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2013-11-12 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archives-de-philosophie-2013-4-page-691 |journal=Archives de philosophie |language=fr |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |doi=10.3917/aphi.764.0691 |issn=0003-9632 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da Eva Deitert sun yi bitar littafin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deitert |first=Eva |date=2014-01-23 |title=Dina Emundts: Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://zfphl.org/article/view/35322 |journal=Zeitschrift für philosophische Literatur |language=de |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=75–81 |doi=10.21827/zfphl.2.1.35322 |issn=2198-0209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] leppuktyv36fbas48ll7y6jfjdfqga3 915998 915997 2026-09-04T08:53:38Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 915998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Dina Emundts''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1972) ƙwararriyar [[Falsafa|masaniyar falsafa ce]] ta Jamus kuma malamar jami'a a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2016 |title=Emundts, Dina, Prof. Dr. |url=https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/we01/institut/mitarbeiter/professuren/emundts/index.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Freie Universität Berlin |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=deutschlandfunk.de |date=December 23, 2017 |title=Reihe: Fragen nach Identität - Steckt Deutschland im Identitätskonflikt? |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/reihe-fragen-nach-identitaet-steckt-deutschland-im-100.html |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Deutschlandfunk |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel im Fokus Ausgabe 6 "Erfahren und Erkennen" |url=https://www.stadtpalais-stuttgart.de/mediathek/hegel-im-fokus-ausgabe-6-erfahren-und-erkennen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=StadtPalais – Museum für Stuttgart |language=de}}</ref> Tun daga shekarar 2017, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Hegel ta duniya bayan ta gaji Axel Honneth . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 11, 2020 |title=War Hegel ein Rassist? Philosophen streiten bei Festakt |url=https://www.diepresse.com/5865702/war-hegel-ein-rassist-philosophen-streiten-bei-festakt |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Die Presse |language=de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |url=https://hegelvereinigung.org/ |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=Internationale Hegelvereinigung e.V. |language=de-DE}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=News: New Vorstand of the Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung/ Neuer Vorstand der Internationalen Hegel-Vereinigung/ Nouveau Vorstand de l’Internationale Hegel-Vereinigung {{!}} hegelpd |url=https://www.hegelpd.it/hegel/news-new-vorstand-of-the-internationale-hegel-vereinigung-neuer-vorstand-der-internationalen-hegel-vereinigung-nouveau-vorstand-de-linternationale-hegel-vereinigung/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ilimi == Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1998, ta yi karatun falsafa da nazarin Jamusanci a Jami'ar Free Berlin da Jami'ar Humboldt ta Berlin . Bayan kammala karatun digiri na biyu (MA) a shekarar 1998, tare da digiri na farko (thesis) ''Kants Geschichts Philosophie'' (falsafar tarihi ta [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]] ). A cikin 1998 ta sami tallafin karatu daga Istituto Italiano per gli studii filosofici. Daga 1998 zuwa 2010, ta kasance mataimakiyar bincike a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Humboldt ta [[Berlin]] a sashen Rolf-Peter Horstmann . Ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a watan Yulin 2003 a Jami'ar Humboldt tare da takardar digirin digirgir kan falsafar yanayi ta Kant ( ''Kants Übergangskonzeption im Opus postumum'' ). == Sana'a == Ta yi wani taron karawa juna sani na DFG daga 2007 zuwa 2010 tare da aikin Resistance a Hegel da Peirce . A shekarar 2007 ta kasance Malamar Ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar New York . A shekarar 2008 ta kasance malamar ziyara a Sashen Falsafa a UC Berkeley . A zangon karatu na bazara na 2009, ta maye gurbin Ludwig Siep a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Münster . A zangon karatu na hunturu na 2009/2010, ta riƙe shugabancin Birgit Sandkaulen a Cibiyar Falsafa a Jami'ar Jena . Bayan kammala karatun ta a Jami'ar Humboldt a 2010 tare da littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen.'' ''Ta hanyar ka'idar Hegels ta Wirklichkeit'', ta koyar daga 2010 zuwa 2016 a matsayin farfesa a fannin falsafa da falsafar kimiyya tare da mai da hankali na musamman kan falsafar harshe, falsafar tunani da falsafar kimiyyar fahimtar kimiyya (Wissenschaftstheorie der verstehenden Wissenschaften) a Sashen Falsafa a Jami'ar Konstanz . <ref name=":0" /> Tun daga shekarar 2016, ta kasance Farfesa a fannin tarihin falsafa a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hegel-Preis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart 2021 an Professorin Béatrice Longuenesse verliehen – Metropoljournal.com |url=https://www.metropoljournal.com/lokales/baden-wuerttemberg2/25331-hegel%E2%80%90preis-der-landeshauptstadt-stuttgart-2021-an-professorin-b%C3%A9atrice-longuenesse-verliehen |access-date=January 15, 2025 |website=www.metropoljournal.com}}</ref> Emundts 2012 Littafin ''Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit'' shine fassarar ''Habilitationsschrift'' dinta daga 2009, inda ta gabatar da fassarar falsafar falsafar Hegel. Littafin ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan littafin Hegel ''[['Yanci na sanin kai|mai suna Phenomenology of Spirit]]'' . A cewar Emundt: "Ga Hegel, gaskiya ba za ta iya zama cikakkiyar fahimta ba", amma abin da ba na ra'ayi ba ne wanda ke cikin gogewa, ya zama dole, tunda ƙa'idodin ra'ayi za a iya haɓaka su ne kawai, idan akwai wani abu a waje da su, wanda za a iya cimmawa bisa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi. A cikin gyaran abin da aka faɗa game da babi na farko na ''Phenomenology'', Emundt ya yi jayayya cewa matsayin "Sanarwa Mai Kyau" ya gaza, ba wai saboda ya kuduri aniyar yin nuni ga abubuwan da ba na ra'ayi ba, ga abubuwa na musamman na ƙwarewar ji ba, amma saboda ba zai iya tabbatar da cewa abu yana wanzu ba, ba tare da ambaton sa a cikin dogon lokaci ba, ta haka ne ya sanya shi ya zama na duniya baki ɗaya. A yanayin babin "Fahimta", matsayin ya gaza haka nan, ba saboda sabani tsakanin abu da halayensa ba, amma "wani abu na duniya wanda ya dage duk da bambancin muƙamin". A cikin littafin Emundts ya kuma soki falsafar [[Immanuel Kant|Kant]], wanda a bisa ga haka iliminmu game da abubuwa ya zama marar kuskure. Angelica Nuzzo, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nuzzo |first=Angelica |last2=Emundts |first2=Dina |date=2015 |title=Review of Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit, EmundtsDina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26595917 |journal=Hegel-Studien |volume=49 |pages=212–214 |issn=0073-1587}}</ref> Brady Bowman, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowman |first=Brady |author-link=Brady Bowman |title=Erfahren und Erkennen: Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729141805/https://ndpr.nd.edu/reviews/erfahren-und-erkennen-hegels-theorie-der-wirklichkeit/ |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |language=en-US}}</ref> Holger Glinka <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glinka |first=Holger |date=2013 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43038960 |journal=Archives de Philosophie |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |issn=0003-9632}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2013-11-12 |title=Bulletin de littérature hégélienne XXIII (2013) |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-archives-de-philosophie-2013-4-page-691 |journal=Archives de philosophie |language=fr |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=691–724 |doi=10.3917/aphi.764.0691 |issn=0003-9632 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> da Eva Deitert sun yi bitar littafin. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Deitert |first=Eva |date=2014-01-23 |title=Dina Emundts: Erfahren und Erkennen. Hegels Theorie der Wirklichkeit |url=https://zfphl.org/article/view/35322 |journal=Zeitschrift für philosophische Literatur |language=de |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=75–81 |doi=10.21827/zfphl.2.1.35322 |issn=2198-0209 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] 63sqvgx8mnsg5bhw6z1adjx8ogvmemm 0 166274 915999 2026-09-04T08:54:19Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1372579695|Jana Revedin]]" 915999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jana Revedin,''' wata ƙwararriya 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce, [[Bincike|mai bincike]] [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|zanen gine-gine]] kuma farfesa a fannin. An haifi Revedin a Konstanz, Jamus, yana da digiri daga Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Milan da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Iuav di Venezia . Bayan na koyar a baya a Iuav, Jami'ar Umeå, da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha ta Blekinge, {{As of|2018|06}} , ta kasance farfesa a École Spéciale d'Architecture a [[Faris|Paris]] kuma wakiliyar [[UNESCO]] . Ta kafa lambar yabo ta Duniya don Gine-gine Masu Dorewa a shekarar 2006, wadda [[UNESCO]] ke bayarwa tun daga shekarar 2011. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] c3upwutlb2pifacmmdtbg44paug8avs 916000 915999 2026-09-04T08:54:37Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jana Revedin,''' wata ƙwararriya 'yar ƙasar Jamus ce, [[Bincike|mai bincike]] [[Masanin gine-gine da zane|zanen gine-gine]] kuma farfesa a fannin. An haifi Revedin a Konstanz, Jamus, yana da digiri daga Jami'ar Polytechnic ta Milan da kuma digirin digirgir a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Iuav di Venezia . Bayan na koyar a baya a Iuav, Jami'ar Umeå, da kuma Cibiyar Fasaha ta Blekinge, {{As of|2018|06}} , ta kasance farfesa a École Spéciale d'Architecture a [[Faris|Paris]] kuma wakiliyar [[UNESCO]] . Ta kafa lambar yabo ta Duniya don Gine-gine Masu Dorewa a shekarar 2006, wadda [[UNESCO]] ke bayarwa tun daga shekarar 2011. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] b44w3pvn1ky3457i72uyzrgfhl7irhx 0 166275 916001 2026-09-04T08:55:22Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354091295|Petra Olschowski]]" 916001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petra Olschowski''' (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1965) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wadda ta kasance Ministar Kimiyya, Bincike da Fasaha ta Baden-Württemberg tun daga shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://mwk.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/the-ministry/minister-petra-olschowski |publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg|Government of Baden-Württemberg]]}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Landtag na Baden-Württemberg tun daga shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://www.landtag-bw.de/de/der-landtag/abgeordnete/abgeordnetenprofile/petra-olschowski-387218 |publisher=[[Landtag of Baden-Württemberg]] |language=de}}</ref> == Farkon aikina == Daga 2010 zuwa 2016, Olschowski ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jiha ta Stuttgart . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://www.bundesrat.de/SharedDocs/personen/DE/laender/bw/olschowski-petra.html |publisher=[[German Bundesrat]] |language=de}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == A tattaunawar kafa gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Cem Özdemir bayan zaɓen jiha na 2026 a Baden-Württemberg, Olschowski ya jagoranci ƙungiyar aiki kan kimiyya, bincike da fasaha, tare da Alexander Becker. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 6bw1cm1qee8vo6vip3dhi96ste33c4d 916002 916001 2026-09-04T08:55:38Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Petra Olschowski''' (an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Yuni 1965) 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus a ƙungiyar Alliance 90/The Greens wadda ta kasance Ministar Kimiyya, Bincike da Fasaha ta Baden-Württemberg tun daga shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://mwk.baden-wuerttemberg.de/en/the-ministry/minister-petra-olschowski |publisher=[[Baden-Württemberg|Government of Baden-Württemberg]]}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na Landtag na Baden-Württemberg tun daga shekarar 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://www.landtag-bw.de/de/der-landtag/abgeordnete/abgeordnetenprofile/petra-olschowski-387218 |publisher=[[Landtag of Baden-Württemberg]] |language=de}}</ref> == Farkon aikina == Daga 2010 zuwa 2016, Olschowski ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jiha ta Stuttgart . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Petra Olschowski |url=https://www.bundesrat.de/SharedDocs/personen/DE/laender/bw/olschowski-petra.html |publisher=[[German Bundesrat]] |language=de}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == A tattaunawar kafa gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Cem Özdemir bayan zaɓen jiha na 2026 a Baden-Württemberg, Olschowski ya jagoranci ƙungiyar aiki kan kimiyya, bincike da fasaha, tare da Alexander Becker. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] s31s009vwagj4j6uknvyindayo28krq 0 166276 916004 2026-09-04T08:56:32Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345294117|Natascha Drubek]]" 916004 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natascha Drubek-Meyer''' (Drubek) mai bincike ce, marubuciya kuma edita a fannin adabi, fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. Tun daga shekarar 2012, Drubek yana koyar da adabi na kwatantawa, da kuma nazarin fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai, a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin (a shekarar 2020-21 a matsayin farfesa na FONTE-Stiftung). Drubek yana ɗaya daga cikin masu haɓaka Hyperkino kuma babban editan mujallar ilimi mai buɗewa ''Apparatus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title="Мы хотим перешагнуть границы языков" {{!}} Colta.ru |url=http://www.colta.ru/articles/literature/10357 |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=www.colta.ru}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2014 ita ce editan sashen fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai na ''ARTmargins'', wani mujalla na al'adun gani na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai na zamani. Daga 2009 zuwa 2015 Drubek memba ne na Heisenberg a Deutsche Forschungsgeminschaft a Jami'ar Regensburg wanda ke gudanar da ayyuka biyu: fina-finai da kamfen na adawa da addini na Soviet da kuma ayyukan fina-finai a sansanin tsare-tsare na Theresienstadt . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2014 |title=US Holocaust Memorial Museum Fellow to Speak at CU – Boulder Jewish News |url=http://boulderjewishnews.org/2014/us-holocaust-memorial-museum-fellow-to-speak-at-cu/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=boulderjewishnews.org}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, a lokacin da take karatun digiri a Heisenberg, ta shirya wani taro kan farfagandar fina-finai a sansanin tsare-tsare na Theresienstadt. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terezín 2014 {{!}} Film Conference in Terezín in Sept. 2014 |url=http://www.terezin2014.com/en/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=www.terezin2014.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Drubek ya buga wani zaɓi na shirye-shiryen taron a matsayin fitowar musamman ta musamman ta ''Apparatus'' . Tana da digirin PhD daga LMU Munich (tare da takardar digirin Nikolai Gogol ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Digitale Bibliothek - Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00051939/images/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=daten.digitale-sammlungen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tippner |first=Anja |date=2001 |title=Review of Gogol's eloquentia corporis. Einverleibung, Identität und die Grenzen der Figuration. (Slavistische Beiträge, Bd. 374) |journal=Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=443–448 |jstor=24003189}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Postoutenko |first=Kirill |date=2000 |title=Review of Gogol's eloquentia corporis: Einverleibung, Identitaet und die Grenzen der Figuration |journal=The Slavic and East European Journal |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=319–320 |doi=10.2307/309969 |jstor=309969}}</ref> inda aka kuma yi mata rubutu kan tarihin al'adu na farkon fina-finan Rasha wanda ya mayar da hankali kan daraktan Rasha kafin juyin juya hali Evgenii Bauer ( ''Russisches Licht. Von der Ikone zum frühen sowjetischen Kino'', 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bremer |first=Thomas |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Theologische Revue |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=433}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zehnder |first=Christian |date=2013 |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Wiener Slawistischer Almanach |volume=71 |pages=389–402}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Engel |first=Christine |date=2013 |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Osteuropa |volume=64 |pages=8}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan bincikenta sun hada da [[Fedor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], Andrei Platonov, Vladimir Sorokin, da Jana Černá, haifaffen Krejcarová. == Nazarin fim, mai kula da fina-finai, bugu na dijital == Bayan aikinta na jami'a, a shekarun 1990, Drubek ta kasance mai zaman kanta a Gidan Tarihi na Fina-finai na Munich inda ta tsara lokutan fina-finai na Rasha da Gabashin Turai. A shekara ta 2004, an ba ta kyautar bincike ta Feodor-Lynen daga [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt]] don gudanar da bincike kan farkon sinima a Rasha, inda ta amfana daga jagorancin malaminta na Moscow, Naum Kleiman . Aikinta na gaba ya samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwa da NIIK, Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasahar Fina-finai da ke Degtiarnyi pereulok, Moscow. An shirya taron Marie Curie Fellowship ne a Makarantar Fina-finai ta FAMU da ke Prague tare da aikin: "Gabatarwa kan Fina-finai Masu Rubutu. Bugawa ta Dijital don Gadon Cinema na Turai" (2006-2008). Tare da masanin tarihin fina-finai Nikolai Izvolov, shugaban tarihin fina-finai a NIIK, Natascha Drubek sun rubuta hanyar Hyperkino . Hyperkino tsari ne na daidaita bayanai kan fina-finai a kan na'urorin dijital - wanda ke haɗa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da bincike zuwa firam ɗin mutum ɗaya. Ba a taɓa buga DVD ɗin gwaji na Alexander Hackenschmied 's ''Aimless Walk'' (1930) ba - wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2008 -. An bayyana sigar bayanin Drubek a cikin mujallar ''Bohemia'' . A shekarar 2012, tare da haɗin gwiwar Izvolov, Drubek ya buga Hyperkino littafin ibook "Happiness" (a kan fim ɗin Aleksandr Medvedkin na 1934 ''Happiness'' ), littafin fim na farko mai hotuna masu motsi. Drubek ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na alkalan bikin fina-finai a Docaviv (2016), Pula (2017), da kuma bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Karlovy Vary (2012, 2014, 2018). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 91or4zwss8tjwe0wkvnt7sqpvekmd3k 916005 916004 2026-09-04T08:56:53Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Natascha Drubek-Meyer''' (Drubek) mai bincike ce, marubuciya kuma edita a fannin adabi, fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai. Tun daga shekarar 2012, Drubek yana koyar da adabi na kwatantawa, da kuma nazarin fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai, a Jami'ar Free University of Berlin (a shekarar 2020-21 a matsayin farfesa na FONTE-Stiftung). Drubek yana ɗaya daga cikin masu haɓaka Hyperkino kuma babban editan mujallar ilimi mai buɗewa ''Apparatus'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title="Мы хотим перешагнуть границы языков" {{!}} Colta.ru |url=http://www.colta.ru/articles/literature/10357 |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=www.colta.ru}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2014 ita ce editan sashen fina-finai da kafofin watsa labarai na ''ARTmargins'', wani mujalla na al'adun gani na Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai na zamani. Daga 2009 zuwa 2015 Drubek memba ne na Heisenberg a Deutsche Forschungsgeminschaft a Jami'ar Regensburg wanda ke gudanar da ayyuka biyu: fina-finai da kamfen na adawa da addini na Soviet da kuma ayyukan fina-finai a sansanin tsare-tsare na Theresienstadt . <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2014 |title=US Holocaust Memorial Museum Fellow to Speak at CU – Boulder Jewish News |url=http://boulderjewishnews.org/2014/us-holocaust-memorial-museum-fellow-to-speak-at-cu/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=boulderjewishnews.org}}</ref> A shekarar 2014, a lokacin da take karatun digiri a Heisenberg, ta shirya wani taro kan farfagandar fina-finai a sansanin tsare-tsare na Theresienstadt. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Terezín 2014 {{!}} Film Conference in Terezín in Sept. 2014 |url=http://www.terezin2014.com/en/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=www.terezin2014.com}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, Drubek ya buga wani zaɓi na shirye-shiryen taron a matsayin fitowar musamman ta musamman ta ''Apparatus'' . Tana da digirin PhD daga LMU Munich (tare da takardar digirin Nikolai Gogol ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Digitale Bibliothek - Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00051939/images/ |access-date=2016-12-19 |website=daten.digitale-sammlungen.de}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tippner |first=Anja |date=2001 |title=Review of Gogol's eloquentia corporis. Einverleibung, Identität und die Grenzen der Figuration. (Slavistische Beiträge, Bd. 374) |journal=Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=443–448 |jstor=24003189}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Postoutenko |first=Kirill |date=2000 |title=Review of Gogol's eloquentia corporis: Einverleibung, Identitaet und die Grenzen der Figuration |journal=The Slavic and East European Journal |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=319–320 |doi=10.2307/309969 |jstor=309969}}</ref> inda aka kuma yi mata rubutu kan tarihin al'adu na farkon fina-finan Rasha wanda ya mayar da hankali kan daraktan Rasha kafin juyin juya hali Evgenii Bauer ( ''Russisches Licht. Von der Ikone zum frühen sowjetischen Kino'', 2012). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bremer |first=Thomas |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Theologische Revue |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=433}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zehnder |first=Christian |date=2013 |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Wiener Slawistischer Almanach |volume=71 |pages=389–402}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Engel |first=Christine |date=2013 |title=Rezensionsartikel |journal=Osteuropa |volume=64 |pages=8}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan bincikenta sun hada da [[Fedor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoyevsky]], Andrei Platonov, Vladimir Sorokin, da Jana Černá, haifaffen Krejcarová. == Nazarin fim, mai kula da fina-finai, bugu na dijital == Bayan aikinta na jami'a, a shekarun 1990, Drubek ta kasance mai zaman kanta a Gidan Tarihi na Fina-finai na Munich inda ta tsara lokutan fina-finai na Rasha da Gabashin Turai. A shekara ta 2004, an ba ta kyautar bincike ta Feodor-Lynen daga [[Gidauniyar Alexander von Humboldt]] don gudanar da bincike kan farkon sinima a Rasha, inda ta amfana daga jagorancin malaminta na Moscow, Naum Kleiman . Aikinta na gaba ya samo asali ne daga haɗin gwiwa da NIIK, Cibiyar Bincike ta Fasahar Fina-finai da ke Degtiarnyi pereulok, Moscow. An shirya taron Marie Curie Fellowship ne a Makarantar Fina-finai ta FAMU da ke Prague tare da aikin: "Gabatarwa kan Fina-finai Masu Rubutu. Bugawa ta Dijital don Gadon Cinema na Turai" (2006-2008). Tare da masanin tarihin fina-finai Nikolai Izvolov, shugaban tarihin fina-finai a NIIK, Natascha Drubek sun rubuta hanyar Hyperkino . Hyperkino tsari ne na daidaita bayanai kan fina-finai a kan na'urorin dijital - wanda ke haɗa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da bincike zuwa firam ɗin mutum ɗaya. Ba a taɓa buga DVD ɗin gwaji na Alexander Hackenschmied 's ''Aimless Walk'' (1930) ba - wanda aka kammala a shekarar 2008 -. An bayyana sigar bayanin Drubek a cikin mujallar ''Bohemia'' . A shekarar 2012, tare da haɗin gwiwar Izvolov, Drubek ya buga Hyperkino littafin ibook "Happiness" (a kan fim ɗin Aleksandr Medvedkin na 1934 ''Happiness'' ), littafin fim na farko mai hotuna masu motsi. Drubek ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na alkalan bikin fina-finai a Docaviv (2016), Pula (2017), da kuma bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Karlovy Vary (2012, 2014, 2018). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] p2xk8w5wda77fnvjyfgvtof2mc92gtq 0 166277 916006 2026-09-04T08:57:37Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362048754|Andrea Rentmeister]]" 916006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrea Rentmeister''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1977) ƙwararriyar masaniyar sinadarai ce kuma mai aikin shinge a ƙasar Austria. Ta fafata a gasar tsere ta mata ta musamman a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. <ref name="sports-reference">{{Cite web |title=Andrea Rentmeister Olympic Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/re/andrea-rentmeister-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417201124/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/re/andrea-rentmeister-1.html |archive-date=17 April 2020 |access-date=26 February 2012 |website=sports-reference.com}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta na injiniyan sinadarai da [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] a Jami'o'in Graz da Bonn, inda ta sami digirin PhD, ta zama mai bincike na gaba da digiri na uku a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Frances Arnold, wacce ta lashe kyautar Nobel ta 2018 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech) a shekarar 2007. A shekarar 2010, ta zama farfesa ta farko a fannin [[Biochemistry]] a Jami'ar Hamburg . Har zuwa shekarar 2023, ta riƙe muƙamin [[farfesa]] a fannin sinadarai masu alaƙa da ƙwayoyin halitta a Jami'ar Münster kafin ta zama shugabar LMU Munich a fannin sinadarai masu alaƙa da halittu a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A. Rentmeister |url=https://www.rentmeister-group.com/rentmeister |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Rentmeister Group |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 9ju369pis9tp4p9scpq72cf911xc1ox 916007 916006 2026-09-04T08:57:52Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Andrea Rentmeister''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1977) ƙwararriyar masaniyar sinadarai ce kuma mai aikin shinge a ƙasar Austria. Ta fafata a gasar tsere ta mata ta musamman a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2000. <ref name="sports-reference">{{Cite web |title=Andrea Rentmeister Olympic Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/re/andrea-rentmeister-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417201124/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/re/andrea-rentmeister-1.html |archive-date=17 April 2020 |access-date=26 February 2012 |website=sports-reference.com}}</ref> Bayan kammala karatunta na injiniyan sinadarai da [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] a Jami'o'in Graz da Bonn, inda ta sami digirin PhD, ta zama mai bincike na gaba da digiri na uku a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Frances Arnold, wacce ta lashe kyautar Nobel ta 2018 a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California (Caltech) a shekarar 2007. A shekarar 2010, ta zama farfesa ta farko a fannin [[Biochemistry]] a Jami'ar Hamburg . Har zuwa shekarar 2023, ta riƙe muƙamin [[farfesa]] a fannin sinadarai masu alaƙa da ƙwayoyin halitta a Jami'ar Münster kafin ta zama shugabar LMU Munich a fannin sinadarai masu alaƙa da halittu a shekarar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A. Rentmeister |url=https://www.rentmeister-group.com/rentmeister |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=Rentmeister Group |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 2njxcawhx1zjt8spzgog8th1el57vqb 0 166278 916008 2026-09-04T08:58:46Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368658381|Monika Greening]]" 916008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monika Greening''' (née '''Edinger''' ; 19 Afrilu 1965 - 9 Janairu 2026) <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Monika Greening |url=https://www.vrm-trauer.de/traueranzeige/monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=VRM Trauer |language=de}}</ref> ungozoma ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus, masanin kimiyyar aikin jinya kuma farfesa. Tun daga shekarun 2000 zuwa gaba, ta shiga cikin ci gaban kimiyyar ungozoma a ƙasashen da ke magana da Jamusanci; <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Saalmann |first=Heike |date=2026-01-16 |title=Nachruf: Wir trauern um Prof.in Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/nachruf-wir-trauern-um-prof-in-dr-monika-greening/ |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de}}</ref> a cewar ƙungiyar kimiyyar ungozoma ta Jamus (DGHWi), ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara fannin a Jamus tsawon shekaru da yawa. <ref name=":4" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1993, Greening, wacce iyalinta suka fito daga Lower Bavaria da Wiesbaden, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wassmann |first=Elena |date=2026-01-14 |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.hwg-lu.de/hochschule/organisation/hochschulkommunikation/news-pressemitteilungen/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=[[Ludwigshafen University of Applied Sciences]] |language=de}}</ref> ta kammala karatunta na ungozoma a Giessen. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin ungozoma a Mainz da Darmstadt. A shekara ta 2001, ta fara karatun kimiyyar aikin jinya a Jami'ar Protestant ta Kimiyyar Aiki ta Darmstadt, inda ta kammala karatun ''digiri'' a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":1" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin ungozoma har zuwa 2008, inda ta fara gabatar da lakca ta farko a lokacin hutu daga 2006. A shekarar 2011, ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin sana'a a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Darmstadt . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. phil. Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/images/die_DGHWi/monika-greening_lebenslauf_dghwi.pdf |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref> A Jami'ar Protestant ta Kimiyyar Aiki ta Nuremberg ta koyar a matsayin malamar aiki na ɗan lokaci daga 2010, kuma bayan ta kammala digirin digirgir, ta kasance farfesa a fannin kimiyyar jinya a can daga 2011 zuwa 2012. <ref name=":2" /> Daga shekarar 2011, ta sami matsayin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma a sashen lafiya da aikin jinya a Jami'ar Katolika ta Kimiyya Mainz . Greening ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin farfesoshi na farko na kimiyyar ungozoma a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nachruf Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Nachruf-Monika_final.pdf |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref> A Mainz, ita ce ke da alhakin kafa da kuma gabatar da shirin digiri a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.kh-mz.de/nachricht/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Katholische Hochschule Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaba kuma mataimakiyar shugaba. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2020, ta koma Jami'ar Ludwigshafen ta Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa, inda ta yi karatun farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma a sashen ayyukan zamantakewa da kula da lafiya kuma ta ci gaba da zama har zuwa rasuwarta. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://empower-rlp.de/newsdetails-empower/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Empower |language=de}}</ref> A Ludwigshafen ta ba da gudummawa wajen ƙirƙirar shirin digiri na kimiyyar ungozoma da aka gabatar a shekarar 2021 kuma ta tsara cibiyar ƙwarewa da kwaikwayo. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Döring |first=Andrea |date=2020-10-28 |title=Ludwigshafen: Hebammenausbildung an der Hochschule |url=https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/rhein-neckar/ludwigshafen-hebammenausbildung-an-der-hochschule-1635379 |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Darmstädter Echo |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2012 zuwa 2018, Greening ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na DGHWi, da farko a matsayin memba na yau da kullun na kwamitin gudanarwa kuma daga 2016 a matsayin shugaba. Greening ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2026 yana da shekaru 60. <ref name=":0" /> Tana zaune tare da iyalinta a Seeheim-Jugenheim ; mijinta Giorgio Greening ne. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] e417cf3gxxqssmaemr8fa7698a8vxi4 916009 916008 2026-09-04T08:59:08Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Monika Greening''' (née '''Edinger''' ; 19 Afrilu 1965 - 9 Janairu 2026) <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Monika Greening |url=https://www.vrm-trauer.de/traueranzeige/monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=VRM Trauer |language=de}}</ref> ungozoma ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus, masanin kimiyyar aikin jinya kuma farfesa. Tun daga shekarun 2000 zuwa gaba, ta shiga cikin ci gaban kimiyyar ungozoma a ƙasashen da ke magana da Jamusanci; <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Saalmann |first=Heike |date=2026-01-16 |title=Nachruf: Wir trauern um Prof.in Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/nachruf-wir-trauern-um-prof-in-dr-monika-greening/ |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de}}</ref> a cewar ƙungiyar kimiyyar ungozoma ta Jamus (DGHWi), ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara fannin a Jamus tsawon shekaru da yawa. <ref name=":4" /> == Sana'a == A shekarar 1993, Greening, wacce iyalinta suka fito daga Lower Bavaria da Wiesbaden, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Wassmann |first=Elena |date=2026-01-14 |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.hwg-lu.de/hochschule/organisation/hochschulkommunikation/news-pressemitteilungen/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=[[Ludwigshafen University of Applied Sciences]] |language=de}}</ref> ta kammala karatunta na ungozoma a Giessen. Daga nan ta yi aiki a matsayin ungozoma a Mainz da Darmstadt. A shekara ta 2001, ta fara karatun kimiyyar aikin jinya a Jami'ar Protestant ta Kimiyyar Aiki ta Darmstadt, inda ta kammala karatun ''digiri'' a shekarar 2005. <ref name=":1" /> Ta yi aiki a matsayin ungozoma har zuwa 2008, inda ta fara gabatar da lakca ta farko a lokacin hutu daga 2006. A shekarar 2011, ta kammala karatun digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin sana'a a Jami'ar Fasaha ta Darmstadt . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. phil. Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/images/die_DGHWi/monika-greening_lebenslauf_dghwi.pdf |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref> A Jami'ar Protestant ta Kimiyyar Aiki ta Nuremberg ta koyar a matsayin malamar aiki na ɗan lokaci daga 2010, kuma bayan ta kammala digirin digirgir, ta kasance farfesa a fannin kimiyyar jinya a can daga 2011 zuwa 2012. <ref name=":2" /> Daga shekarar 2011, ta sami matsayin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma a sashen lafiya da aikin jinya a Jami'ar Katolika ta Kimiyya Mainz . Greening ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin farfesoshi na farko na kimiyyar ungozoma a Jamus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nachruf Monika Greening |url=https://www.dghwi.de/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Nachruf-Monika_final.pdf |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=DGHWi |language=de |format=PDF}}</ref> A Mainz, ita ce ke da alhakin kafa da kuma gabatar da shirin digiri a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-16 |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://www.kh-mz.de/nachricht/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Katholische Hochschule Mainz |language=de}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaba kuma mataimakiyar shugaba. <ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2020, ta koma Jami'ar Ludwigshafen ta Kimiyyar Aiwatarwa, inda ta yi karatun farfesa a fannin kimiyyar ungozoma a sashen ayyukan zamantakewa da kula da lafiya kuma ta ci gaba da zama har zuwa rasuwarta. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nachruf auf Professorin Dr. Monika Greening |url=https://empower-rlp.de/newsdetails-empower/nachruf-auf-professorin-dr-monika-greening |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Empower |language=de}}</ref> A Ludwigshafen ta ba da gudummawa wajen ƙirƙirar shirin digiri na kimiyyar ungozoma da aka gabatar a shekarar 2021 kuma ta tsara cibiyar ƙwarewa da kwaikwayo. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Döring |first=Andrea |date=2020-10-28 |title=Ludwigshafen: Hebammenausbildung an der Hochschule |url=https://www.echo-online.de/lokales/rhein-neckar/ludwigshafen-hebammenausbildung-an-der-hochschule-1635379 |access-date=2026-08-10 |website=Darmstädter Echo |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2012 zuwa 2018, Greening ya yi aiki a kwamitin gudanarwa na DGHWi, da farko a matsayin memba na yau da kullun na kwamitin gudanarwa kuma daga 2016 a matsayin shugaba. Greening ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Janairu, 2026 yana da shekaru 60. <ref name=":0" /> Tana zaune tare da iyalinta a Seeheim-Jugenheim ; mijinta Giorgio Greening ne. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2026]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] b1u0pz3zdi5tof7k41gq1y5fnqn4wq7 0 166279 916011 2026-09-04T09:00:48Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1320051884|Gesine Schwan]]" 916011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gesine Schwan''' (wanda aka haifa a ''Schneider'', 22 ga Mayu 1943) farfesa ce a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]] ta Jamus kuma memba ce a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Jamus . Jam'iyyar ta tsayar da ita sau biyu a matsayin 'yar takarar shugabancin kasa a zaben shugaban kasa na tarayya. A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2004, [[Horst Köhler|Horst Köhler,]] ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat, ya kayar da ita. A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2009, Köhler ya sake doke ta don lashe wa'adinsa na biyu. <ref name="dw">{{Cite web |last=Abramsohn |first=Jennifer |date=27 May 2008 |title=Presidency Dispute Deepens Rift in Merkel's Coalition |url=http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/mainfindings.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813012051/http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/mainfindings.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2008 |access-date=1 August 2008 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Schwan a Berlin a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1943, an yi masa baftisma cikin addinin [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Polzar |first=Wolfgang |date=25 May 2004 |title=German Evangelical elected President |url=http://www.speroforum.com/site/print.asp?idarticle=586 |access-date=22 June 2008 |publisher=Spero News}}</ref> a matsayin 'yar ''Oberschulrat'' (Babban Sufeto na Makaranta) Hans R. Schneider. A lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Uku na Reich, iyayenta sun kasance membobin juriyar rashin yarda, <ref name="who">{{Cite web |title=Gesine Schwan: Biografie |url=http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=2086&RID=1 |access-date=21 July 2008 |publisher=[[International Who's Who|Who's Who. The People-Lexicon]]. |language=de}}</ref> suna ba wa wata yarinya Bayahudiya kariya ta hanyar ɓoye ta. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, iyalin sun shiga cikin sulhunta dangantakar Poland da Jamus. A shekarar 1969, Schwan ta auri mijinta na farko, Farfesa Alexander Schwan, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare, wanda kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1989. <ref name="who" /> A shekarar 2004, Gesine Schwan ta yi bikin aurenta na biyu tare da tsohon abokin aikinta Peter Eigen a Berlin. Tsohon manajan [[Bankin Duniya]] ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Transparency International a yanzu. Schwan yana da sha'awar fahimtar juna tsakanin Jamus da Poland, don haka yana goyon bayan, ta hanyoyi da dama, aikin Freya von Moltke Stiftung don Sabon Kreisau. Ta gabatar da jawabai da dama kan wannan batu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freya :: Schirmherr und Gremien / Kuratorium - Kuratorium |url=http://www.fvms.de/de/schirmherr-und-gremien/kuratorium.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007053628/http://www.fvms.de/de/schirmherr-und-gremien/kuratorium.html |archive-date=7 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref> == Rayuwar ilimi == === Ilimi === A cikin 1962, Schwan ya sauke karatu ( ''Abitur'' ) daga makarantar Französisches Gymnasium na harsuna biyu, makarantar sakandaren Jamus da Faransa a Berlin. A wannan shekarar, ta fara karatunta a fannin tarihi, falsafa, harsunan soyayya, da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin sannan daga baya a Jami'ar Freiburg . <ref name="CV">{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Gesine |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.euv-frankfurt-o.de/de/struktur/unileitung/praesidentin/curriculum_vitae/CV_ENG_Prof__Dr__Gesine_Schwan_12_05.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627033923/http://www.euv-frankfurt-o.de/de/struktur/unileitung/praesidentin/curriculum_vitae/CV_ENG_Prof__Dr__Gesine_Schwan_12_05.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2008 |access-date=22 June 2008 |publisher=[[Viadrina European University|Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)]]}} </ref> === Farkon aikina === Bayan ta yi bincike a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]] da Kraków, ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a shekarar 1970 daga FU Berlin don yin digirin digirgir kan masanin falsafa ɗan ƙasar Poland Leszek Kołakowski . Bayan haka, ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a wannan jami'ar. A nan, ta ci gaba da ayyukanta kan sukar [[Karl Marx|Marx]] wanda ta sami ''kulawar likita'' a shekarar 1975. === Farfesa a fannin === An naɗa Schwan cikakken farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a FU Berlin a shekarar 1977. A lokacin, fannonin bincikenta sun ƙunshi ''ka'idar siyasa, falsafa, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da al'adu'' da kuma ''ka'idojin dimokuraɗiyya da gurguzu'' . A shekarar 1980/81, ta yi zaman bincike a Cibiyar Masana ta Wilson da ke Amurka; wani zaman bincike a shekarar 1984 a Kwalejin Robinson da ke Jami'ar Cambridge ; a shekarar 1998, ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Nazarin Zamantakewa ta New School da ke New York. Daga 1993 zuwa 1995, ta kasance shugabar sashen kimiyyar siyasa na FU Berlin. <ref name="CV" /> A shekarar 1999, Gesine Schwan ta fafata a takarar shugabancin FU Berlin, amma Peter Gaehtgens ya kayar da ita. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Jami'ar Turai ta Viadrina da ke Frankfurt (Oder). <ref name="InternationalesProfil" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] rpj85qrlgi52q92f5k2kdaam5glxksf 916012 916011 2026-09-04T09:01:03Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Gesine Schwan''' (wanda aka haifa a ''Schneider'', 22 ga Mayu 1943) farfesa ce a [[Kimiyyar siyasa|fannin kimiyyar siyasa]] ta Jamus kuma memba ce a Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Jamus . Jam'iyyar ta tsayar da ita sau biyu a matsayin 'yar takarar shugabancin kasa a zaben shugaban kasa na tarayya. A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2004, [[Horst Köhler|Horst Köhler,]] ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat, ya kayar da ita. A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2009, Köhler ya sake doke ta don lashe wa'adinsa na biyu. <ref name="dw">{{Cite web |last=Abramsohn |first=Jennifer |date=27 May 2008 |title=Presidency Dispute Deepens Rift in Merkel's Coalition |url=http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/mainfindings.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813012051/http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/mainfindings.pdf |archive-date=13 August 2008 |access-date=1 August 2008 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Schwan a Berlin a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1943, an yi masa baftisma cikin addinin [[Cocin katolika|Roman Katolika]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Polzar |first=Wolfgang |date=25 May 2004 |title=German Evangelical elected President |url=http://www.speroforum.com/site/print.asp?idarticle=586 |access-date=22 June 2008 |publisher=Spero News}}</ref> a matsayin 'yar ''Oberschulrat'' (Babban Sufeto na Makaranta) Hans R. Schneider. A lokacin mulkin kama-karya na Uku na Reich, iyayenta sun kasance membobin juriyar rashin yarda, <ref name="who">{{Cite web |title=Gesine Schwan: Biografie |url=http://www.whoswho.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=2086&RID=1 |access-date=21 July 2008 |publisher=[[International Who's Who|Who's Who. The People-Lexicon]]. |language=de}}</ref> suna ba wa wata yarinya Bayahudiya kariya ta hanyar ɓoye ta. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, iyalin sun shiga cikin sulhunta dangantakar Poland da Jamus. A shekarar 1969, Schwan ta auri mijinta na farko, Farfesa Alexander Schwan, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu tare, wanda kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1989. <ref name="who" /> A shekarar 2004, Gesine Schwan ta yi bikin aurenta na biyu tare da tsohon abokin aikinta Peter Eigen a Berlin. Tsohon manajan [[Bankin Duniya]] ne kuma wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Majalisar Ba da Shawara ta Transparency International a yanzu. Schwan yana da sha'awar fahimtar juna tsakanin Jamus da Poland, don haka yana goyon bayan, ta hanyoyi da dama, aikin Freya von Moltke Stiftung don Sabon Kreisau. Ta gabatar da jawabai da dama kan wannan batu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freya :: Schirmherr und Gremien / Kuratorium - Kuratorium |url=http://www.fvms.de/de/schirmherr-und-gremien/kuratorium.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007053628/http://www.fvms.de/de/schirmherr-und-gremien/kuratorium.html |archive-date=7 October 2014 |access-date=5 October 2014}}</ref> == Rayuwar ilimi == === Ilimi === A cikin 1962, Schwan ya sauke karatu ( ''Abitur'' ) daga makarantar Französisches Gymnasium na harsuna biyu, makarantar sakandaren Jamus da Faransa a Berlin. A wannan shekarar, ta fara karatunta a fannin tarihi, falsafa, harsunan soyayya, da kimiyyar siyasa a Jami'ar Free ta Berlin sannan daga baya a Jami'ar Freiburg . <ref name="CV">{{Cite web |last=Schwan |first=Gesine |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.euv-frankfurt-o.de/de/struktur/unileitung/praesidentin/curriculum_vitae/CV_ENG_Prof__Dr__Gesine_Schwan_12_05.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080627033923/http://www.euv-frankfurt-o.de/de/struktur/unileitung/praesidentin/curriculum_vitae/CV_ENG_Prof__Dr__Gesine_Schwan_12_05.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2008 |access-date=22 June 2008 |publisher=[[Viadrina European University|Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder)]]}} </ref> === Farkon aikina === Bayan ta yi bincike a [[Wosaa|Warsaw]] da Kraków, ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a shekarar 1970 daga FU Berlin don yin digirin digirgir kan masanin falsafa ɗan ƙasar Poland Leszek Kołakowski . Bayan haka, ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a wannan jami'ar. A nan, ta ci gaba da ayyukanta kan sukar [[Karl Marx|Marx]] wanda ta sami ''kulawar likita'' a shekarar 1975. === Farfesa a fannin === An naɗa Schwan cikakken farfesa a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a FU Berlin a shekarar 1977. A lokacin, fannonin bincikenta sun ƙunshi ''ka'idar siyasa, falsafa, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, da al'adu'' da kuma ''ka'idojin dimokuraɗiyya da gurguzu'' . A shekarar 1980/81, ta yi zaman bincike a Cibiyar Masana ta Wilson da ke Amurka; wani zaman bincike a shekarar 1984 a Kwalejin Robinson da ke Jami'ar Cambridge ; a shekarar 1998, ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Makarantar Nazarin Zamantakewa ta New School da ke New York. Daga 1993 zuwa 1995, ta kasance shugabar sashen kimiyyar siyasa na FU Berlin. <ref name="CV" /> A shekarar 1999, Gesine Schwan ta fafata a takarar shugabancin FU Berlin, amma Peter Gaehtgens ya kayar da ita. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar Jami'ar Turai ta Viadrina da ke Frankfurt (Oder). <ref name="InternationalesProfil" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1943]] mzyenfeznl3qfln27olyrpc56okvtnc 0 166280 916015 2026-09-04T09:04:26Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337571514|Aparna Rao]]" 916015 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aparna Rao''' (3 ga Fabrairu 1950 - 28 ga Yuni 2005) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗan adam ce ta Jamus wadda ta yi bincike kan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa a Afghanistan, Faransa, da wasu yankuna na Indiya. Karatun digirin digirgir nata ya mayar da hankali ne kan [[Yanayin ɗan adam|ilimin ɗan adam (Anthropogeography)]], ilimin zamantakewa (ethnology), da kuma [[Ilimin Musulunci|nazarin Musulunci]] . Rao ya koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Cologne, inda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaban Sashen Ilimin Halayyar ɗan adam a Cibiyar Jami'ar Heidelberg ta Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, Jamus. Binciken Rao ya mayar da hankali ne kan yawan manoma da ke zaune a yankunan [[Bararoji|da ke kewaye da su]], a Afghanistan, Faransa, Jammu, Kashmir, da kuma yammacin [[Rajasthan]] . Rao ya yi bincike kan tasirin [[rikicin Kashmir]] kan muhalli da rayuwar mutane. Aikinta na 1982, ''Les Ġhorbat d'Afghanistan.'' ''Halayen Économiques d'un Groupe Itinérant 'Jat''', ya yi bincike game da kayan shafa na ƙabilanci da tattalin arzikin gida na Afghanistan. Littafinta mai suna ''"Atoniomy: Life Cycle, Gender, and Status among the Himalayan Pastoralists"'' ya sami kyautar Zabi ta 1999. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Aparna Rao a birnin New Delhi na ƙasar Indiya, kuma iyayenta 'yan [[Jami'ar Oxford|Oxford]] ne - waɗanda suka yi karatu kuma 'yan fafutukar siyasa ne. A shekarar 1980, ta auri Michael J. Casimir (wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1942 a Berlin), wani masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2020 a matsayin farfesa mai ritaya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar Cologne, Jamus. <ref name="SCA">{{Cite book|edition=Barbara Rose}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Michael J. Casimir {{!}} Faculty of Humanities, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Cologne |url=http://ethnologie.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/content.php?kid=194 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=University of Cologne}}</ref> Rao ya yi karatun adabin Faransa, harsuna, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na al'adu, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na jiki, ilimin zamantakewa, da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Strasbourg. Ta sami digirin MA a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Strasbourg a shekarar 1974, sannan daga baya a shekarar 1980 ta kammala digirin Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Paris-Sorbonne. <ref name="obituary" /> <ref name="de1" /> Rao ta yi karatun [[Yanayin ɗan adam|ilimin ɗan adam]], ilimin zamantakewa, da kuma [[Ilimin Musulunci|ilimin addinin Musulunci]] a lokacin karatun digirin digirgir. Ta yi magana da harsuna da dama, ciki har da Bengali, Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Hindi, [[Farisawa|Farisanci]], Romanes, da Urdu. <ref name="de1" /> == Aikin ilimi == Rao ya koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Cologne. Ta zama memba na ''Société Asiatique'' a shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Société Asiatique |last2=Centre national de la recherche scientifique |author-link2=Centre national de la recherche scientifique |year=1981 |title=Changements Survenus Dans La Liste Des Membres De La Société Asiatique |trans-title=Changes in the List of Members of the Asian Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWoxoTWmn4EC&pg=PA540 |journal=Journal Asiatique |language=fr |publisher=Société Asiatique |volume=269 |pages=539–540}}</ref> Daga 1993 zuwa 1995, ta kasance shugabar Sashen Nazarin Adabi a Cibiyar Jami'ar Heidelberg ta Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, Jamus. <ref name="Bulletin 41">{{Citation}}</ref> <ref name="SCA" /> Daga 1995 zuwa 1998, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ''kwamitin kula da al'ummar makiyaya na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta kimiyyar ƙabila da ɗan adam,'' tare da Michael Casimir. <ref name="SCA" /> Ta kasance cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na ''Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ilimin Gypsy.'' Ita ce babbar edita ta mujallar ''Nomadic Peoples'' {{Refn|Journal of the Commission of International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences on the Nomadic Peoples<ref>{{cite web |website=White Horse Press |title=Nomadic Peoples |url=http://www.whpress.co.uk/NP.html |access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>}} . Tsakanin 1995 da 1997, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba da ke [[Jaipur]] ta gayyace ta a matsayin malamar ziyara, kuma tsakanin 2003 da 2004, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba da Ƙungiyoyin da ke Delhi. Kafin rasuwarta a watan Yunin 2005, an tsara ta zama daraktan bincike a ''Ecole des Hautes Etudes'' da ke Paris. <ref name="SCA" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] ils0njix5sqpg9tjl9td8l02x3nc0ed 916016 916015 2026-09-04T09:04:44Z Mustapha Isah Namadee 46931 916016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Aparna Rao''' (3 ga Fabrairu 1950 - 28 ga Yuni 2005) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ɗan adam ce ta Jamus wadda ta yi bincike kan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa a Afghanistan, Faransa, da wasu yankuna na Indiya. Karatun digirin digirgir nata ya mayar da hankali ne kan [[Yanayin ɗan adam|ilimin ɗan adam (Anthropogeography)]], ilimin zamantakewa (ethnology), da kuma [[Ilimin Musulunci|nazarin Musulunci]] . Rao ya koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Cologne, inda ya yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin shugaban Sashen Ilimin Halayyar ɗan adam a Cibiyar Jami'ar Heidelberg ta Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, Jamus. Binciken Rao ya mayar da hankali ne kan yawan manoma da ke zaune a yankunan [[Bararoji|da ke kewaye da su]], a Afghanistan, Faransa, Jammu, Kashmir, da kuma yammacin [[Rajasthan]] . Rao ya yi bincike kan tasirin [[rikicin Kashmir]] kan muhalli da rayuwar mutane. Aikinta na 1982, ''Les Ġhorbat d'Afghanistan.'' ''Halayen Économiques d'un Groupe Itinérant 'Jat''', ya yi bincike game da kayan shafa na ƙabilanci da tattalin arzikin gida na Afghanistan. Littafinta mai suna ''"Atoniomy: Life Cycle, Gender, and Status among the Himalayan Pastoralists"'' ya sami kyautar Zabi ta 1999. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Aparna Rao a birnin New Delhi na ƙasar Indiya, kuma iyayenta 'yan [[Jami'ar Oxford|Oxford]] ne - waɗanda suka yi karatu kuma 'yan fafutukar siyasa ne. A shekarar 1980, ta auri Michael J. Casimir (wanda aka haifa a shekarar 1942 a Berlin), wani masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam wanda ya yi ritaya a shekarar 2020 a matsayin farfesa mai ritaya daga Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu da Zamantakewa ta Jami'ar Cologne, Jamus. <ref name="SCA">{{Cite book|edition=Barbara Rose}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Dr. Michael J. Casimir {{!}} Faculty of Humanities, Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Cologne |url=http://ethnologie.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/content.php?kid=194 |access-date=17 April 2020 |website=University of Cologne}}</ref> Rao ya yi karatun adabin Faransa, harsuna, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na al'adu, ilimin halayyar ɗan adam na jiki, ilimin zamantakewa, da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a Jami'ar Strasbourg. Ta sami digirin MA a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Strasbourg a shekarar 1974, sannan daga baya a shekarar 1980 ta kammala digirin Ph.D. a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Paris-Sorbonne. <ref name="obituary" /> <ref name="de1" /> Rao ta yi karatun [[Yanayin ɗan adam|ilimin ɗan adam]], ilimin zamantakewa, da kuma [[Ilimin Musulunci|ilimin addinin Musulunci]] a lokacin karatun digirin digirgir. Ta yi magana da harsuna da dama, ciki har da Bengali, Turanci, Faransanci, Jamusanci, Hindi, [[Farisawa|Farisanci]], Romanes, da Urdu. <ref name="de1" /> == Aikin ilimi == Rao ya koyar da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Jami'ar Cologne. Ta zama memba na ''Société Asiatique'' a shekarar 1981. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Société Asiatique |last2=Centre national de la recherche scientifique |author-link2=Centre national de la recherche scientifique |year=1981 |title=Changements Survenus Dans La Liste Des Membres De La Société Asiatique |trans-title=Changes in the List of Members of the Asian Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rWoxoTWmn4EC&pg=PA540 |journal=Journal Asiatique |language=fr |publisher=Société Asiatique |volume=269 |pages=539–540}}</ref> Daga 1993 zuwa 1995, ta kasance shugabar Sashen Nazarin Adabi a Cibiyar Jami'ar Heidelberg ta Kudu maso Yammacin Asiya, Jamus. <ref name="Bulletin 41">{{Citation}}</ref> <ref name="SCA" /> Daga 1995 zuwa 1998, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ''kwamitin kula da al'ummar makiyaya na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ta kimiyyar ƙabila da ɗan adam,'' tare da Michael Casimir. <ref name="SCA" /> Ta kasance cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na ''Ƙungiyar Nazarin Ilimin Gypsy.'' Ita ce babbar edita ta mujallar ''Nomadic Peoples'' {{Refn|Journal of the Commission of International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences on the Nomadic Peoples<ref>{{cite web |website=White Horse Press |title=Nomadic Peoples |url=http://www.whpress.co.uk/NP.html |access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref>}} . Tsakanin 1995 da 1997, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba da ke [[Jaipur]] ta gayyace ta a matsayin malamar ziyara, kuma tsakanin 2003 da 2004, Cibiyar Nazarin Ci Gaba da Ƙungiyoyin da ke Delhi. Kafin rasuwarta a watan Yunin 2005, an tsara ta zama daraktan bincike a ''Ecole des Hautes Etudes'' da ke Paris. <ref name="SCA" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] 9htt8o7vw73nzl95itmp2lzgwbksghz 0 166281 916020 2026-09-04T09:33:29Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = Yiaga Africa | image = | image_border = | image_size = <!-- default 200 --> | image_alt = | caption = | abbreviation = | founded = {{start date and age|2007}} | extinction = | type = Nonprofit | status = | purpose = Youth Engagement, Democracy, human rights, Elections and Advocacy | headquarters = Nigeria | location = Abuja | coordinates = | region_served = [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Liberia]], [[Nigeria]] and [[Sierra Leone]] | membership... 916020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Yiaga Africa | image = | image_border = | image_size = <!-- default 200 --> | image_alt = | caption = | abbreviation = | founded = {{start date and age|2007}} | extinction = | type = Nonprofit | status = | purpose = Youth Engagement, Democracy, human rights, Elections and Advocacy | headquarters = Nigeria | location = Abuja | coordinates = | region_served = [[Gambia]], [[Ghana]], [[Liberia]], [[Nigeria]] and [[Sierra Leone]] | membership = | language = <!-- official languages --> | leader_title = <!-- position title for the leader of the org --> | key_people = [[Samson Itodo]] (''Founder'') [[Cynthia Mbamalu]] (''Co-Founder'') | main_organ = <!-- board of directors, etc --> | parent_organization = <!-- if one --> | affiliations = <!-- if any --> | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | budget = | website = {{URL|www.yiaga.org}} | remarks = }} '''Yiaga Africa''' wata cibiya ce ta fararen hula mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta neman riba, kuma ta ƙunshi masu kawo sauyi da suka himmatu wajen inganta shugabanci na dimokuraɗiyya, haƙƙin ɗan Adam da shiga harkokin fararen hula. An ƙaddamar da Yiaga Africa a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai a shekarar 2007 a Jami'ar Jos, Najeriya, kuma tun daga lokacin ta kafa kanta a matsayin babbar ƙungiyar fararen hula a Afirka. Tun kafuwarta, ƙungiyar ta samar wa kanta wani matsayi na musamman a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ba sa neman riba a Afirka wajen inganta dimokuraɗiyya mai ba da damar shiga, haƙƙin ɗan Adam da shiga harkokin fararen hula. Tare da cibiyar ayyukanta a Abuja, Najeriya, Yiaga Africa tana mai da hankali kan bincike mai zurfi, samar da muhimmin nazari kan manyan batutuwan dimokuraɗiyya da shugabanci, tsara hanyoyin warware matsaloli masu amfani, horar da jama'a da ƙarfafa su domin su jagoranci sauyi a cikin al'ummominsu. Yiaga Africa tana aiwatar da shirye-shirye masu sabbin dabaru da dama da nufin ƙarfafa kasancewa ɗan ƙasa mai taka rawa, kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da zurfafa shugabancin dimokuraɗiyya. Tana zuba jari wajen gina hanyoyin sadarwa da ƙungiyoyin jama'a domin haifar da sauyin zamantakewa da ci gaba. Yiaga Africa tana da tsarin shugabanci da mambobi a dukkan jihohi 36 da ƙananan hukumomi 774 (LGAs) na Najeriya. An yi wa Yiaga Africa rajista a Najeriya a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta wadda ba ta neman riba. Ƙungiyar ce ta kafa wani yunkuri a Najeriya na rage shekarun da ake buƙata domin tsayawa takarar mukaman zaɓe a Najeriya, wanda aka fi sani da [[Not Too Young To Run]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Adedayo |first1=Laketu |date=30 May 2018 |title=YIAGA’s #NotTooYoungToRun bill makes history in Nigeria! |url=https://www.morebranches.com/yiaga-africas-tooyoungtovote-bill-makes-history-in-nigeria/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |publisher=More Branches}}</ref> Wannan yunkuri ya haifar da sha'awar duniya game da shiga harkokin siyasa na matasa.<ref>{{cite web |last1=YIAGA |first1=Africa |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.yiaga.org/who-we-are/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=YIAGA |publisher=Yiaga Africa}}{{Dead link|date=December 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar da ba ta neman riba a shekarar 2007 a matsayin ƙungiyar ɗalibai a Jami'ar Jos, Jihar Plateau, ta hannun Samson Itodo da Cynthia Mbamalu. YIAGA tana da cibiyarta a Abuja, Najeriya, kuma tana da ofisoshi a Gambiya, Ghana, Laberiya, Najeriya da Saliyo.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Usigbe |first1=Leon |title=Youth: Getting ready for public office |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/august-november-2018/youth-getting-ready-public-office |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=United Nations |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> == Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam == A shekarar 2014, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da wani shirin haƙƙin ɗan Adam mai suna Thumb It Right, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tattara matasa domin su shiga cikin ayyukan zaɓe a Najeriya. An zaɓi matasa masu gabatar da shirye-shiryen rediyo da dama da sauran matasa domin jagorantar yaƙin neman zaɓen. Gidauniyar [[MacArthur Foundation]] ce ta ɗauki nauyin shirin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MacArthur |first1=Foundation |title=Grant Search Youth Initiative for Advocacy, Growth, and Advancement |url=https://www.macfound.org/grantees/2481/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=macfound |publisher=John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=The Nation |first1=Newspaper |date=5 March 2014 |title=Youth NGOs to launch Thumb It Right campaign |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/youth-ngo-launches-thumb-it-right-campaign/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Not Too Young To Run Movement == Dokar Rage Shekarun Takara, wadda aka fi sani da [[Not Too Young To Run]] bill, ƙungiyar ce mai zaman kanta ta ƙirƙira ta, da nufin rage shekarun da ake buƙata domin tsayawa takarar mukaman siyasa a Najeriya. Gyaran kundin tsarin mulki ne wanda ke neman sauya Sashe na 65, 106, 131 da 177 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Najeriya domin rage shekarun tsayawa takarar Majalisar Dokokin Jiha da Majalisar Wakilai daga shekaru 30 zuwa 25, na Majalisar Dattawa da Gwamna daga shekaru 35 zuwa 30, sannan na Shugabancin Ƙasa daga shekaru 40 zuwa 30, tare da kuma yin kira da a ba da damar tsayawa takara ba tare da ɗaurewa da wata jam'iyyar siyasa ba a Najeriya. Ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare da wasu ƙungiyoyin matasa shugabanni da aka sani da mambobin tawagar dabaru, tare da kafa masu kula da shirin a jihohi daban-daban a faɗin Najeriya. Yanzu yaƙin neman zaɓen ya zama na duniya, wanda alamar hashtag #NotTooYoungToRun ke wakilta.<ref>{{cite web |last1=YIAGA |first1=Africa |title=Not Too Young To Run |url=http://yiaga.org/nottooyoungtorun/the-bill/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605194807/http://yiaga.org/nottooyoungtorun/the-bill/ |archive-date=5 June 2018 |access-date=2 June 2018 |website=yiaga.org |publisher=YIAGA Africa}}</ref> == Kula da Zaɓen Shugaban Ƙasa domin Rage Cin Hanci da Rashawa == Ƙungiyar ta tura ƙungiyoyin masu sa ido 3,000 zuwa rumfunan zaɓe 1,500 domin sa ido kan Zaɓen Shugaban Ƙasa na Najeriya na shekarar 2019. Sun wallafa rahotanni da dama a lokacin zaɓen da kuma bayan zaɓen ta amfani da shafukansu na kafafen sada zumunta.<ref>{{cite web |last1=MacArthur |first1=Foundation |title=Monitoring the Presidential Election to Reduce Corruption |url=https://www.macfound.org/press/grantee-publications/monitoring-presidential-election-reduce-corruption/ |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=macfound |publisher=John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5lweuuitqo6sqeo0sx1797av5omntk9 0 166282 916022 2026-09-04T09:35:16Z Baffa ali 47435 Sabon shafi: Girkanci na zamani ( endonym , Néa Elliniká el ko kuma Κοινή Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα, Kiní Neoellinikí Glóssa ), galibi masu magana suna kiransa da Girkanci ( Ελληνικά, Elliniká ), yana nufin yare-yare na harshen Girkanci da ake magana a zamanin yau, gami da tsarin da aka daidaita a hukumance na harshen da wani lokacin ake kira Standard Modern Greek . Ƙarshen zamanin Girka na Tsakiyar Zamani da farkon Girka na Zamani galibi ana danganta shi da fa... 916022 wikitext text/x-wiki Girkanci na zamani ( endonym , Néa Elliniká el ko kuma Κοινή Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα, Kiní Neoellinikí Glóssa ), galibi masu magana suna kiransa da Girkanci ( Ελληνικά, Elliniká ), yana nufin yare-yare na harshen Girkanci da ake magana a zamanin yau, gami da tsarin da aka daidaita a hukumance na harshen da wani lokacin ake kira Standard Modern Greek . Ƙarshen zamanin Girka na Tsakiyar Zamani da farkon Girka na Zamani galibi ana danganta shi da faɗuwar Daular Byzantine a shekara ta 1453, duk da cewa wannan kwanan wata ba ta nuna wata iyaka ta harshe ba kuma fasaloli da yawa na halayyar harshen zamani sun taso ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata, tun daga ƙarni na huɗu AD.mafi yawan zamanin Girkanci na zamani, harshen ya wanzu a cikin yanayin diglossia, tare da yarukan da ake magana da su a yankuna suna nan tare da rubuce-rubucen da aka koya, waɗanda suka fi tsufa, kamar yadda yake da nau'ikan yare da na koyo ( Dimotiki da Katarevousa ) waɗanda suka kasance tare a Girka a cikin yawancin ƙarni na 19 da 20. ==Nau'o'i== Nau'o'in Girkanci na Zamani sun haɗa da Demotic, Katharevousa, Pontic, Cappadocian, Mariupolitan, Grico, Calabrian, Yevanic, Tsakonian da Greco-Australian . ==Democracy== Magana sosai, Demotic ko Dimotiki ( Δημοτική ), yana nufin duk sanannun nau'ikan Girkanci na zamani waɗanda suka bi hanyar juyin halitta gama gari daga Koine kuma sun riƙe babban matakin fahimtar juna har zuwa yanzu. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin waƙoƙin Ptochoprodromic da Acritic, Girkancin Demotic ya kasance harshen da aka saba amfani da shi tun kafin ƙarni na 11 kuma ana kiransa harshen "Roman" na Girkawa na Byzantine, musamman a Girka mai tsibiran teku, tsibiran Girka, Asiya Ƙaramar bakin teku, Constantinople, da Cyprus .A yau, nau'in Girkanci na Demotic iri ɗaya ne da aka saba amfani da shi a hukumance a Girka da Cyprus, kuma ana kiransa da "Girkanci na Zamani na Standard", ko kuma kawai "Girkanci", "Girkanci na Zamani", ko "Demotic".Harshen Girkanci na Demotic ya ƙunshi nau'ikan yankuna daban-daban tare da ƙananan bambance-bambancen harshe, galibi a fannin tsarin sauti da ƙamus. Saboda yawan fahimtar waɗannan nau'ikan, masana harsunan Girka suna kiransu da "kalmomi" na wani "Yaren Demotic", wanda aka sani da "Koine Girkanci na Zamani" ( Koiní Neoellinikí - 'na kowa Neo-Hellenanci'). Duk da haka, yawancin masana harsunan Ingilishi suna kiransu da "yaruka", suna jaddada matakan bambancin ne kawai idan ya zama dole. An raba nau'ikan Girkawa masu ra'ayin gurguzu zuwa manyan rukuni biyu, na Arewa da na Kudu.Babban abin da ya bambanta nau'ikan Arewa shine saitin canjin sauti na yau da kullun a cikin sautin wasali mara lafazi : [o] ya zama [u], [e] ya zama [i], kuma [i] kuma [u] an sauke su. Kasancewar wasulan da aka faɗi a ɓoye a bayyane yake, kuma yana iya shafar sautunan da ke kewaye da su: misali, sautunan da aka faɗi [i] yana fassara baƙaƙen da suka gabace shi, kamar [i] hakan ya bayyana. Bambance-bambancen kudanci ba sa nuna waɗannan canje-canjen sauti.Misalan yarukan Arewa sune Rumelian ( Constantinople ), Epirote, Macedonian, [1] Thessalian, Thracian, Northern Euboean, Sporades, Samos, Smyrna, da Sarakatsanika . An raba rukunin Kudu zuwa ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka haɗa da: [ana buƙatar hujja]Sanya Sakin layi • gerund • barbashi na zamani θα (ƙanƙantar ἐθέλω ἵνα → θέλω να → θε' να → θα ), wanda ke nuna yanayi mai wahala da yanayi mai kyau na gaba • siffofin fi'ili masu taimako don wasu siffofin fi'ili (musamman lokacin cikakken lokaci) • Bambancin fuska a cikin lokaci na gaba tsakanin aji na aji (na yanzu) da kuma aji na aji (aorist)An koyar da Girkanci na Demotic a hukumance a cikin rubutun Girka mai motsi tun daga 1982. ==Kathervousa== Katharevousa ( Καθαρεύουσα ) wani malami ne na zamantakewa wanda aka haɓaka a ƙarni na 19 a lokacin da aka kafa ƙasar Girka ta zamani, a matsayin sulhu tsakanin Girka ta gargajiya da Demotic ta zamani. Ya kasance harshen hukuma na Girka ta zamani har zuwa 1976.An rubuta Katharevousa da rubutun Girkanci mai yawan polytonic . Haka kuma, yayin da Girkanci na Demotic ya ƙunshi kalmomin aro daga Turkiyya, Italiyanci, Latin, da sauran harsuna, an cire waɗannan daga Katharevousa. Duba kuma tambayar harshen Girkanci . ==Pontic== Pontic ( Ποντιακά An fara amfani da kalmar "Af" a bakin tekun Baƙar fata mai tsaunuka na Turkiyya, yankin da ake kira Pontus, har sai da aka kashe yawancin masu magana da ita ko kuma aka kora su zuwa Girka ta zamani a lokacin kisan kare dangi na Pontic (1919-1921), daga baya kuma aka yi musayar al'umma tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya a shekarar 1923. (Ƙananan adadin Musulmai masu magana da harshen Girkanci na Pontic sun tsere daga waɗannan abubuwan kuma har yanzu suna zaune a ƙauyukan Pontic na Turkiyya.) Ya samo asali ne daga Hellenistic da Medieval Koine kuma yana kiyaye halayen Ionic saboda tsoffin mulkin mallaka na yankin. Pontic ya samo asali ne daga yaren Demotic sakamakon ware yankin daga babban yankin Girka bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Huɗu ya raba Daular Byzantine zuwa masarautu daban-daban (duba Daular Trebizond ). ==Kappadocian== Kapadocian ( Καππαδοκικά ) yaren Girka ne na tsakiyar Turkiyya wanda aka ƙaddara shi da Pontic; masu magana da shi sun zauna a babban yankin Girka bayan kisan kare dangi na Girka (1919-1921) da kuma musayar yawan jama'a tsakanin Girka da Turkiyya a 1923. Girkanci na Cappadocia ya bambanta da sauran yarukan Girkanci na Byzantine a baya, ya fara da mamayar Turkiyya a tsakiyar Asiya Ƙarama a ƙarni na 11 da 12, don haka ya haifar da wasu siffofi masu tsauri, kamar rasa jinsi ga sunaye. [1] Bayan an ware shi daga yaƙin 'yan salibiyyar ( Crusade na Huɗu ) da kuma tasirin Venetian na gabar tekun Girka daga baya, ya riƙe kalmomin Girka na dā don kalmomi da yawa waɗanda aka maye gurbinsu da na Romance a cikin Girkancin Demotic. [1] Mawakin Rumi, wanda sunansa ke nufin "Roman", yana nufin mazauninsa tsakanin masu magana da Girkanci "Roman" na Kappadocia, ya rubuta wasu waƙoƙi a cikin Girkanci na Kappadocia, ɗaya daga cikin shaidun farko na yaren. [2] [3] [4] [5] ==Mariupolitan== Ruméika ( Ρωμαίικα ) ko kuma Girkanci na Mariupolitan yare ne da ake magana da shi a kusan ƙauyuka 17 a kusa da gabar tekun arewacin Tekun Azov a kudancin Ukraine da Rasha . Girkanci na Mariupolitan yana da alaƙa da Girkanci na Pontic kuma ya samo asali ne daga yaren Girkanci da ake magana a Crimea, wanda wani ɓangare ne na Daular Byzantine sannan kuma Daular Pontic ta Trebizond, har sai da wannan ƙasar ta ƙarshe ta faɗi hannun Ottomans a 1461. [1] Bayan haka, ƙasar Girka ta Crimea ta ci gaba da wanzuwa a matsayin gwamnatin Girka mai zaman kanta ta Theodoro . Catherine Mai Girma ta kori mazauna Crimea masu jin Girkanci don su koma sabon birnin Mariupol bayan Yaƙin Russo-Turkiyya (1768–74) don tserewa daga Crimea da Musulmai suka mamaye a lokacin. [2] Manyan siffofin Mariupolitan suna da wasu kamanceceniya da Pontic (misali rashin haɗakar -ía, éa ) da kuma nau'ikan harsunan arewa (misali muryar arewa). [3] ==Kudancin Italiya== Kudancin Italiyanci ko Italiya ( Κατωιταλιώτικα ) ya ƙunshi nau'ikan Calabrian da Griko, waɗanda ƙauyuka kusan 15 ke magana a yankunan Calabria da Apulia . Yaren Kudancin Italiya shine rayayyen abu na ƙarshe na abubuwan Hellenic a Kudancin Italiya waɗanda suka taɓa samar da Magna Graecia . Asalinsa za a iya samo shi ne daga mazaunan Girka na Dorian waɗanda suka mamaye yankin daga Sparta da Corinth a shekara ta 700 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS).Ya sami tasiri mai yawa a Girkancin Koine ta hanyar Turawan mulkin mallaka na Byzantine waɗanda suka sake gabatar da harshen Girka a yankin, farawa daga mamayar da Justinian ya yi wa Italiya a ƙarshen zamanin da kuma ci gaba har zuwa Tsakiyar Zamani. Griko da Demotic suna da fahimtar juna ta wani mataki, amma na farko yana da wasu halaye iri ɗaya da Tsakonian. ==Yevanic== Yevanic ( יעואניקה, Γεβανικά ) yare ne da ya kusan ɓacewa a cikin Yahudawan Romanote . Yaren ya riga ya fara raguwa tsawon ƙarni har sai da aka kashe yawancin masu magana da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Holocaust . Bayan haka, yawancin mutanen da suka yi ƙaura zuwa Isra'ila sun riƙe yaren, inda aka mayar da shi ta hanyar Ibrananci na zamani . ==Tsakonian== Tsakonian ( Τσακωνικά ) ana magana da shi a cikin cikakken tsarinsa a yau kawai a cikin ƙananan ƙauyuka da ke kewaye da garin Leonidio a yankin Arcadia a Kudancin Peloponnese, kuma ana magana da shi kaɗan a wasu yankuna a yankin. Tsakonian ya samo asali kai tsaye daga Laconian (tsohon Spartan) don haka ya fito ne daga Girkanci Doric .Yana da iyakataccen bayani daga Hellenistic Koine kuma ya bambanta sosai da kuma ba za a iya fahimta da juna ba tare da sauran nau'ikan Girkawa (kamar Demotic Greek da Pontic Greek ). Wasu masana harsuna suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin harshe daban saboda wannan. ==Greco-Australiya== Greco-Australian yare ne na Girkanci na Australiya wanda 'yan ƙasar Girka da ke zaune a Ostiraliya, ciki har da baƙi 'yan Girka da ke zaune a Ostiraliya da 'yan Australiya 'yan asalin Girka. [1] ==Ilimin Sauti da Rubutu== Jerin canje-canje masu mahimmanci da suka fara a cikin Koine Greek sun haifar da tsarin sauti a cikin Girkanci na Zamani wanda ya bambanta sosai da na Girkanci na Ancient. Maimakon tsarin wasali mai rikitarwa na Girkanci na dā, tare da matakan tsayin wasali huɗu, bambancin tsayi, da kuma diphthongs da yawa, Girkancin zamani yana da tsarin wasali biyar mai sauƙi. Wannan ya faru ne ta hanyar jerin haɗe-haɗe, musamman zuwa /i/ ( iotism ).Haruffan Girka na zamani suna da tsayayyu (marasa murya marasa buri), tsayawa da murya, ko kuma maganganu masu ƙarfi da ba a furta su ba. Girkanci na zamani bai adana tsayi a cikin wasula ko baƙaƙe ba.An rubuta Girkanci na zamani da haruffan Girka, wanda ke da haruffa 24, kowannensu yana da babban harafi da ƙaramin harafi (ƙarami). Harafin sigma kuma yana da fom na musamman na ƙarshe. Akwai alamomi guda biyu masu kama da diacritical, wato lafazin da ke nuna damuwa da kuma diaeresis da ke nuna harafin wasali a matsayin ba ya cikin digraph . Girkanci yana da gaurayen rubutun tarihi da na sauti, inda ake amfani da haruffan tarihi idan furucinsu ya dace da amfani na zamani. Daidaito tsakanin sautin harafi da graphemes abu ne na musamman, amma ana iya rubuta wasulan da dama ta hanyoyi da dama. [1] Don haka karatu yana da sauƙi amma rubutu yana da wahala. [2]An yi amfani da wasu alamomin diacritical har zuwa 1982, lokacin da aka cire su daga rubutun Girkanci a hukumance a matsayin waɗanda ba su dace da yadda ake furta harshen a zamanin yau ba. A yau ana amfani da rubutun monotonic a hukumance, a makarantu da kuma mafi yawan manufofin rubutu na yau da kullun a Girka. Rubutun kalmomi na polytonic, banda amfani da shi ga tsoffin nau'ikan Girkanci, har yanzu ana amfani da shi a buga littattafai, musamman don dalilai na ilimi da na rikici, da kuma amfani da shi na yau da kullun ta wasu marubuta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da tsofaffi. Cocin Orthodox na Girka yana ci gaba da amfani da polytonic kuma marigayi Christodoulos na Athens [1] da kuma Babban Taron Majalisar Koli ta Cocin Girka [2] sun nemi a sake gabatar da polytonic a matsayin rubutun hukuma⟨α⟩ / / ⟨ο, ω⟩ / /⟨ε, αι⟩⟨η, ι, υ, ει, οι, υι⟩⟨ου⟩ /u / . Lambobin ⟨αυ⟩, ⟨ευ⟩ ⟨ηυ⟩ ana /av/, /ev/, da kuma /iv/ bi da bi kafin wasula da kuma baƙaƙen da aka furta, da kuma /af/, /ef/ kuma /if/ bi da bi kafin baƙaƙe marasa murya.Haruffan Girkanci ⟨φ⟩, ⟨β⟩, ⟨θ⟩, da ⟨δ⟩ ana furta su /f /, /v /, /θ /, da /ð / bi da bi. Ana furta haruffan ⟨γ⟩ da ⟨χ⟩ /ɣ / da /x /, bi da bi. Duk waɗannan haruffan suna wakiltar kalmomin da ba su dace ba a cikin Girkanci na Zamani, amma an yi amfani da su don kalmomin da ba su dace ba waɗanda ke da ma'anar iri ɗaya (ko mai kama da haka) a cikin Girkanci na Ancient. Kafin wasalan gaba na tsakiya ko kusa ( /e / da /i / ), ⟨γ⟩ da ⟨χ⟩ an sanya su a gaba, suna zama [ ʝ ] da [ ç ], bi da bi, waɗanda, a wasu yaruka, musamman na Crete da Mani, an ƙara sanya su a gaba zuwa [ ʑ ] ko [ ʒ ] da [ ɕ ] ko [ ʃ ], bi da bi. Μoreover, kafin wasali na tsakiya ko na kusa ( /o / da /u / ), ⟨γ⟩ yakan fi bayyana a baya fiye da velar na farko, tsakanin velar [ ɣ ] da uvular [ ʁ ] (an rubuta ɣ̄ ). Harafin ⟨ξ⟩ yana nufin jerin /ks/ da kuma ⟨ψ⟩ don /ps/ .Ana furta digraphs ⟨γγ⟩ da ⟨γκ⟩ gabaɗaya [ ɡ ], amma an sanya su a gaba zuwa [ ɟ ] kafin wasulan gaba ( /e / da /i / ) kuma galibi ana furta su [ɡ̄] kafin wasulan baya ( /o / da /u / ). Idan aka gabatar da wasali kafin waɗannan digraphs, ana furta su [ŋɡ] da kuma [ɲɟ] kafin wasulan gaba ( /e / da /i / ) da kuma [ŋ̄ɡ̄] kafin baya ( /o / da /u / ). Ana iya kiran digraph ⟨γγ⟩ [ŋɣ] a wasu kalmomi ( [ɲʝ] kafin wasulan gaba da [ŋ̄ɣ̄] kafin na baya). Furcin da aka furta [ŋk] domin digraph ⟨γκ⟩ ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, amma ana iya jin sa a cikin kalmomin adabi da na ilimi ko kuma lokacin karanta tsoffin rubuce-rubuce (daga wasu masu karatu kaɗan); yawanci yana riƙe da lafazin "asali" [ŋk] kawai a cikin trigraph ⟨γκτ⟩, inda ⟨τ⟩ ke hana sonorization na ⟨κ⟩ ta ⟨γ⟩ (saboda haka [ŋkt] ). qw5cg5f8h2dbqr2x48q5wdjizm5cpwo 0 166283 916023 2026-09-04T09:39:41Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = | full_name = Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] --> | abbreviation = COFI | nickname = | pronunciation = | pronounce_ref = | pronounce_comment = | named_after = | predecessor... 916023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = | full_name = Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] --> | abbreviation = COFI | nickname = | pronunciation = | pronounce_ref = | pronounce_comment = | named_after = | predecessor = | merged_into = <!-- any other organization(s) which it was merged into --> | successor = | formation = 2008 <!-- or |established = --><!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | founder = <!-- or |founders = --> | founding_location = Nigeria | merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization --> | type = [[Nonprofit organization|Nonprofit]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] | registration_id = <!-- for non-profits --> | status = Non Governmental Organisation | purpose = Humanitarian, Advocacy | headquarters = | location = Lagos, Nigeria | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | origins = | region_served = <!-- or |area_served = or |region = --> | products = <!-- or |product = --> | services = | methods = <!-- or |method = --> | fields = <!-- or |field = --> | membership = <!-- number of members --> | num_members_year = <!-- year to which membership numbers/data apply --> | language = <!-- or |languages = --><!-- any official language or languages used --> | owner = <!-- or |owners = --> | secretary_general = <!-- or |gen_sec for General Secretary --> | leader_title = <!-- defaults to "Leader" --> | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = Pastor Chris Oyakhilome | main_organ = <!-- or |publication = --><!-- organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc.) or publication --> | parent_organization = <!-- or |parent_organisation = --> | subsidiaries = [[Trauma Care International Foundation|Trauma Care International]], Innercity Mission for Children, Bible For All Missions,[[Future Africa Leaders Award|Future Africa Leaders Foundation]], Volunteer Medical Corps | secessions = | funding = <!-- source of funding e.g. for "think tanks" --> | num_staff = | num_staff_year = | num_volunteers = | num_volunteers_year = | awards = | website = {{URL|cofi.online}} | remarks = | former_name = <!-- or |former_name = --> | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International (COFI)''' ƙungiya ce ta agaji da jinƙai mai zaman kanta, wadda aka kafa bisa imani, ba ta siyasa ba, kuma ba ta neman riba, wadda [[Chris Oyakhilome|Fasto Chris Oyakhilome]] ya kafa a shekarar 2008. A shekarar 2020, wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar ta hannun COFI ya ba da gudummawar naira biliyan 1 domin inganta Kwalejin Injiniya ta [[Benson Idahosa University]], kuma zuwa zangon ƙarshe na shekarar 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pastor Oyakhilome Donates 1Billion Naira To Idahosa University |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/10/23/pastor-oyakhilome-donates-1billion-naira-to-idahosa-university/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> ƙungiyar ta hannun [[InnerCity Mission for Children|Inner-City Missions for Children]] ta kammala makarantu 12 na firamare da cibiyar lafiya kyauta, inda take samar da kayan makaranta kyauta, abinci na yau da kullum da tallafin karatu na kashi 100%, da kuma ayyukan kiwon lafiya ga sama da yara 2,000 [[Indigent|marasa galihu]] a Najeriya, [[South Sudan]] da [[Cambodia]].<ref name=":3" /> Manufar COFI ita ce kawar da talauci, samar da ingantaccen ilimi, inganta ci gaban tattalin arziki; masana'antu, kirkire-kirkire da ababen more rayuwa, da kuma inganta lafiya da jin daɗin jama'a musamman a Afirka da sauran sassan duniya; musamman wuraren da [[Natural disaster|bala'o'in dabi'a]] ko [[man-made disasters|bala'o'in da mutane suka haddasa]] suka shafa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ikeke |first=Nkem |date=2019-06-06 |title=5 faith-based organisations dedicated to helping people |url=https://www.legit.ng/1242059-5-faith-based-organisations-dedicated-helping-people-the-chris-oyakhilome-foundation-international-others.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Matters |first= |date=2019-12-26 |title=The impact of the Chris Oyakhilome Foundation on the world |url=https://bmmagazine.co.uk/business/the-impact-of-the-chris-oyakhilome-foundation-on-the-world/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Business Matters |language=en-GB}}</ref> A shekarar 2023, Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International ta ba da gudummawar naira miliyan 500 domin ci gaba da bunƙasa ɗakin karatu na Shugaba Olusegun Obasanjo,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-01-09 |title=Future Africa Leaders Foundation donates 500 million naira to Obasanjo's Presidential Library |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/future-africa-leaders-foundation-donates-500-million-naira-to-obasanjos-presidential-library/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> a Jihar Ogun, Najeriya, sannan ta kuma ba da gudummawar wani gini mai tagwaye na ɗakin jira ga Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chris Oyakhilome Foundation Int’l Donates Building To Immigration Service|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/01/13/chris-oyakhilome-foundation-intl-donates-building-to-immigration-service/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> == Abubuwan Sha'awa == Tun kafuwarta, COFI ta tallafa wa shirye-shiryen da suka shafi kai tsaye da mayar da martani ga bala'o'in dabi'a da na ɗan Adam,<ref>{{Cite web |title=COVID-19: Chris Oyakhilome Foundation Donates Palliatives to Communities |url=https://loveworldnews.org/inside-loveworld/inside-loveworld/covid-19-chris-oyakhilome-foundation-donates-palliatives-to-communities |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=Loveworld News |language=en}}</ref> ƙarfafa matasa da jagoranci,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Okeke-Korieocha |first=Ifeoma |date=2023-01-10 |title=Foundation celebrates African youths at FALA Awards |url=https://businessday.ng/brands-advertising/article/foundation-to-celebrate-african-youths-at-fala-awards/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref> samar da tallafin karatu,<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Emmanuel |first=Afonne |date=2022-09-19 |title=Pastor Oyakhilome Foundation inaugurates 100% free school in Lagos |url=https://www.nannews.ng/2022/09/19/pastor-oyakhilome-foundation-inaugurates-100-free-school-in-lagos/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[News Agency of Nigeria]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> ilimi da jin daɗin yara marasa galihu,<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Rapheal |date=2022-09-15 |title=Pastor Chris Foundation inaugurates largest 100% free school in Edo State |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/pastor-chris-foundation-inaugurates-largest-100-free-school-in-edo-state/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-21 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-us}}</ref> kiwon lafiya, kula da masu fama da rauni da martanin gaggawa,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Mr. 47 |date=2019-05-23 |title=The Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International Responds with Humanitarian Aid to the Refugee Crisis in South Sudan |url=https://47vibez.com.ng/news/the-chris-oyakhilome-foundation-international-responds-with-humanitarian-aid-to-the-refugee-crisis-in-south-sudan/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=47vibez Media |language=en-GB}}</ref> ci gaban al'umma da rarraba Littafi Mai Tsarki a faɗin duniya, amma tare da ba da muhimmanci musamman ga Afirka da wasu sassan Asiya. Sai dai a hukumance, an rarraba abubuwan da COFI ke mayar da hankali a kansu zuwa manyan fannoni guda 4; 2. '''Ilimin Yara Ƙanana da Ci Gabansu:''' Shirye-shiryen farko na COFI sun mayar da hankali ne kan ilimin yara ƙanana da ci gabansu ta hannun Inner-City Missions for Children, wanda ya fara shekaru 2 kafin a yi wa COFI rajista a shekarar 2008.<ref name=":0" /> 3. '''Ci gaban Jagorancin Matasa da Shiga Harkoki:''' Ta hanyar shirye-shirye da dama, musamman [[Future Africa Leaders Award]] ta hannun Future Africa Leaders Foundation, COFI ta zuba sama da dala miliyan 1.3 wajen inganta ƙarfafa matasa da jagoranci a faɗin Afirka.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Obasanjo, Leymah Gbowee Honour 10th Year Future African Leaders Award (FALA)|url=https://independent.ng/obasanjo-leymah-gbowee-honour-10th-year-future-african-leaders-award-fala/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-01-21 |language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> 4. '''Ƙarfafa Iyali da Samar da Hanyoyin Dogaro da Kai:'''<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=About Us – Chris Oyakhilome Foundation International (COFI) |url=https://cofi.online/about-us/ |access-date=2023-01-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tsoma Baki kan Girgizar Ƙasa ta Turkiyya da Siriya == [[File:COFI Volunteers distributing Relief Items.webp|thumb|Masu sa kai na COFI suna rarraba kayayyakin agaji a shekarar 2023 a lokacin shirin Hope Relief Mission na Turkiyya]] A watan Mayun 2023, COFI ta gudanar da wani shirin **Hope Relief Mission** tare da rarraba kwalaye sama da 5,000 cike da abinci da kayayyakin buƙata ga waɗanda suka tsira daga girgizar ƙasa da ke zaune a [[Adana]], [[Kahramanmaraş|Kahramanmaras]], [[İslahiye|Islahiye]], [[Gaziantep]], [[Nurdağı|Nurdagi]] da sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira na cikin gida (IDP) na [[Hatay Province|Hatay]], waɗanda [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake|girgizar ƙasar Siriya da Turkiyya ta shekarar 2023]] da ta faru a watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar ta shafa sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=UMUT YARDIM EKİBİNDEN DEPREMZEDELERE YARDIM |url=https://www.mersinguncel.net/haber-umut-yardim-ekibinden-depremzedelere-yardim/1399 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=mersinguncel.net}}</ref> ==Manazarta == 54spta6sotkozkhmywrx37aqxexuhck 0 166284 916024 2026-09-04T10:11:30Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Foundation for Investigative Journalism''' (FIJ) wata [[Nigerian|ƙungiya ce ta Najeriya]] mai aikin [[investigative journalism|jarida mai zurfin bincike]] wadda [[Fisayo Soyombo]] ya kafa a watan Yunin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seven journalists from five continents join the Institute as Journalist Fellows this term {{!}} Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/news/seven-journalists-five-continents-join-institute-jour... 916024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Foundation for Investigative Journalism''' (FIJ) wata [[Nigerian|ƙungiya ce ta Najeriya]] mai aikin [[investigative journalism|jarida mai zurfin bincike]] wadda [[Fisayo Soyombo]] ya kafa a watan Yunin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seven journalists from five continents join the Institute as Journalist Fellows this term {{!}} Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/news/seven-journalists-five-continents-join-institute-journalist-fellows-term |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> FIJ tana bayar da rahotanni kan adalcin zamantakewa, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, da [[corruption in Nigeria|cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ishaku |first=Winnie |date=2021-01-20 |title=FIJ: New Media Platform Breaks Into Industry With #EndSARS Investigative Series |url=https://humanglemedia.com/fij-new-media-platform-breaks-into-industry-with-endsars-investigative-series/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US}}</ref> Jaridar FIJ ta yanar gizo ta fara aiki ne a ranar Laraba, 20 ga Janairu, 2021, da wallafa rahoton kisan gilla ba tare da bin ka’ida ba na masu zanga-zangar [[End SARS]] a yankin titin karɓar kuɗin shiga na [[Lekki]] a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This journalist wants to raise the bar for investigative reporting in Nigeria |url=https://ijnet.org/en/story/journalist-wants-raise-bar-investigative-reporting-nigeria |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=International Journalists' Network |language=en}}</ref> Binciken da FIJ ta wallafa ya haifar da mayar da kuɗaɗe daga rundunar ‘yan sanda sakamakon karɓar kuɗi ta hanyar tilastawa, mayar da kuɗaɗe ga kwastomomi daga kamfanonin jiragen sama da bankuna, da kuma matakan da Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Najeriya ta ɗauka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foundation For Investigative Journalism Nigeria (FIJ NG) : our-impact |url=https://fij.ng/category/our-impact |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=fij.ng}}</ref> == Tsare ’Yan Jaridar FIJ == A ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2021, an tsare Fisayo Soyombo a hedikwatar [[Nigeria Police Force|Rundunar ’Yan Sandan Najeriya]] (NPF) da ke [[Abuja]], dangane da wani labari da FIJ ta wallafa game da wani aikin sansanin ’yan sanda da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2018 kuma aka tsara kammala shi cikin makonni 14. FIJ ta bayar da rahoton cewa Kwamishinan ’Yan Sandan da ke kula da kasafin kuɗi da kuɗaɗe a lokacin ya amince da sama da Naira biliyan 1 domin ayyukan sansanonin wucin-gadi na ’yan sanda a jihohin Benue, Bauchi, Plateau, Katsina, da Kano. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa bayan ziyarar wuraren ayyukan, an yi ƙananan ayyuka ne kawai bayan shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecable.ng/force-hq-quizzes-fisayo-soyombo-over-fijs-report-on-fake-police-camp-project|title=Force HQ quizzes Fisayo Soyombo over FIJ's report on 'fake police camp project'|newspaper=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> An sake shi bayan ’yan sa’o’i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TVCN |date=2021-12-13 |title=Police Release Fisayo Soyombo on bail, to return January 13 2022 - Trending News |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2021/12/police-release-fisayo-soyombo-on-bail-to-return-january-13-2022/,%20https://www.tvcnews.tv/2021/12/police-release-fisayo-soyombo-on-bail-to-return-january-13-2022/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 2023, an kama Damilola Ayeni, ɗan jaridar Najeriya kuma editan FIJ, sannan ’yan sanda suka yi masa lakabi da ɗan [[Jihadist|jihadi]] na ƙarya a Jamhuriyar Benin yayin da yake binciken wani labari a kusa da [[Pendjari National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Journalist, Ayeni Labelled As Jihadist Regains Freedom From Benin Republic Authorities {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2023/09/08/nigerian-journalist-ayeni-labelled-jihadist-regains-freedom-benin-republic-authorities |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> An nemi CFA 800,000 domin a sake shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebajo |first=Kunle |date=2023-09-05 |title=Beninese Police Detain Nigerian Journalist, 'Threaten Jail Time Unless Bribed' |url=https://humanglemedia.com/beninese-police-detain-nigerian-journalist-threaten-jail-time-unless-bribed/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US}}</ref> An sake shi a ranar 9 ga Satumba bayan jama’a sun yi Allah-wadai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=USMAN |first=Mustapha |date=2023-09-08 |title=FIJ editor Damilola Ayeni regains freedom after nine days in detention |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/fij-editor-damilola-ayeni-regains-freedom-after-nine-days-in-detention/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma, bisa umarnin Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan Sandan (IGP) [[Kayode Egbetokun]], jami’an Cibiyar Yaƙi da Laifukan Intanet ta Ƙasa (NCCC) ta NPF sun yi garkuwa<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sobowale |first=Adetutu |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Police abduct FIJ reporter, Daniel Ojukwu 'On IGP's Orders' |url=https://punchng.com/police-abduct-fij-reporter-daniel-ojukwu-on-igps-orders/#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503200144/https://punchng.com/police-abduct-fij-reporter-daniel-ojukwu-on-igps-orders/ |archive-date=May 3, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> da Daniel Ojukwu, wani ɗan jarida mai ba da rahoto na FIJ. ’Yan sanda sun tsare Daniel a Sashen Binciken Laifuka na Jiha (SCID) daga ranar 1 zuwa 5 ga Mayu, 2024, kafin su mayar da shi wani ɗakin tsarewa a Abuja inda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa ranar 10 ga Mayu. Sun hana shi samun damar ganin lauya da iyalinsa, kuma sun sake shi ne kawai<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ugwu |first=Francis |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Police free journalist Daniel Ojukwu after nine days in custody |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/10/police-free-journalist-daniel-ojukwu-after-nine-days-in-custody/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> bayan matsin lamba daga wasu kafafen yaɗa labarai. == Bincike == {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Taken Bincike !Ranar Wallafawa | !URL | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | • | | ARROWS OF GOD: One of Nigeria's Biggest Orphanages Is Trading Babies for Cash | | August 10, 2023 | | [https://fij.ng/article/arrows-of-god-one-of-nigerias-biggest-orphanages-is-trading-babies-for-cash/] | | - | | • | | Undercover as a Smuggler | | February 21, 2024 | | [https://fij.ng/article/undercover-as-a-smuggler/] | | - | | • | | UNDERCOVER: With N45,000, I Got Valid Police Character Certificate for Kirikiri Prison Inmate | | July 17, 2024 | | [https://fij.ng/article/undercover-with-n45000-i-got-valid-police-character-certificate-for-kirikiri-prison-inmate/] | | } | == Kyaututtuka == * Google News Initiative Challenge<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-cable-dubawa-humanangle-others-shortlisted-for-google-news-initiative-challenge/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Cable, Dubawa, HumanAngle others shortlisted for Google News Initiative Challenge |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[2020 Lekki shooting]] * [https://fij.ng/category/our-impact Our Impact] * [https://fij.ng/category/investigations Investigations] == Manazarta == cynwb3zta7mta8vpe0eug1irc8n01w7 916026 916024 2026-09-04T10:17:09Z Saad Nuhu 43323 916026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Foundation for Investigative Journalism''' (FIJ) wata [[Nigerian|ƙungiya ce ta Najeriya]] mai aikin [[investigative journalism|jarida mai zurfin bincike]] wadda [[Fisayo Soyombo]] ya kafa a watan Yunin 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seven journalists from five continents join the Institute as Journalist Fellows this term {{!}} Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism |url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/news/seven-journalists-five-continents-join-institute-journalist-fellows-term |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> FIJ tana bayar da rahotanni kan adalcin zamantakewa, take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, da [[corruption in Nigeria|cin hanci da rashawa a Najeriya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ishaku |first=Winnie |date=2021-01-20 |title=FIJ: New Media Platform Breaks Into Industry With #EndSARS Investigative Series |url=https://humanglemedia.com/fij-new-media-platform-breaks-into-industry-with-endsars-investigative-series/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US}}</ref> Jaridar FIJ ta yanar gizo ta fara aiki ne a ranar Laraba, 20 ga Janairu, 2021, da wallafa rahoton kisan gilla ba tare da bin ka’ida ba na masu zanga-zangar [[End SARS]] a yankin titin karɓar kuɗin shiga na [[Lekki]] a ranar 20 ga Oktoba, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This journalist wants to raise the bar for investigative reporting in Nigeria |url=https://ijnet.org/en/story/journalist-wants-raise-bar-investigative-reporting-nigeria |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=International Journalists' Network |language=en}}</ref> Binciken da FIJ ta wallafa ya haifar da mayar da kuɗaɗe daga rundunar ‘yan sanda sakamakon karɓar kuɗi ta hanyar tilastawa, mayar da kuɗaɗe ga kwastomomi daga kamfanonin jiragen sama da bankuna, da kuma matakan da Hukumar Kula da Shige da Fice ta Najeriya ta ɗauka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Foundation For Investigative Journalism Nigeria (FIJ NG) : our-impact |url=https://fij.ng/category/our-impact |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=fij.ng}}</ref> == Tsare ’Yan Jaridar FIJ == A ranar 13 ga Disamba, 2021, an tsare Fisayo Soyombo a hedikwatar [[Nigeria Police Force|Rundunar ’Yan Sandan Najeriya]] (NPF) da ke [[Abuja]], dangane da wani labari da FIJ ta wallafa game da wani aikin sansanin ’yan sanda da aka amince da shi a shekarar 2018 kuma aka tsara kammala shi cikin makonni 14. FIJ ta bayar da rahoton cewa Kwamishinan ’Yan Sandan da ke kula da kasafin kuɗi da kuɗaɗe a lokacin ya amince da sama da Naira biliyan 1 domin ayyukan sansanonin wucin-gadi na ’yan sanda a jihohin Benue, Bauchi, Plateau, Katsina, da Kano. Rahoton ya bayyana cewa bayan ziyarar wuraren ayyukan, an yi ƙananan ayyuka ne kawai bayan shekaru uku.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecable.ng/force-hq-quizzes-fisayo-soyombo-over-fijs-report-on-fake-police-camp-project|title=Force HQ quizzes Fisayo Soyombo over FIJ's report on 'fake police camp project'|newspaper=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> An sake shi bayan ’yan sa’o’i.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TVCN |date=2021-12-13 |title=Police Release Fisayo Soyombo on bail, to return January 13 2022 - Trending News |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/2021/12/police-release-fisayo-soyombo-on-bail-to-return-january-13-2022/,%20https://www.tvcnews.tv/2021/12/police-release-fisayo-soyombo-on-bail-to-return-january-13-2022/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 2023, an kama Damilola Ayeni, ɗan jaridar Najeriya kuma editan FIJ, sannan ’yan sanda suka yi masa lakabi da ɗan [[Jihadist|jihadi]] na ƙarya a Jamhuriyar Benin yayin da yake binciken wani labari a kusa da [[Pendjari National Park]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigerian Journalist, Ayeni Labelled As Jihadist Regains Freedom From Benin Republic Authorities {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2023/09/08/nigerian-journalist-ayeni-labelled-jihadist-regains-freedom-benin-republic-authorities |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> An nemi CFA 800,000 domin a sake shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adebajo |first=Kunle |date=2023-09-05 |title=Beninese Police Detain Nigerian Journalist, 'Threaten Jail Time Unless Bribed' |url=https://humanglemedia.com/beninese-police-detain-nigerian-journalist-threaten-jail-time-unless-bribed/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=HumAngle |language=en-US}}</ref> An sake shi a ranar 9 ga Satumba bayan jama’a sun yi Allah-wadai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=USMAN |first=Mustapha |date=2023-09-08 |title=FIJ editor Damilola Ayeni regains freedom after nine days in detention |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/fij-editor-damilola-ayeni-regains-freedom-after-nine-days-in-detention/ |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Haka kuma, bisa umarnin Sufeto-Janar na ’Yan Sandan (IGP) [[Kayode Egbetokun]], jami’an Cibiyar Yaƙi da Laifukan Intanet ta Ƙasa (NCCC) ta NPF sun yi garkuwa<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sobowale |first=Adetutu |date=May 3, 2024 |title=Police abduct FIJ reporter, Daniel Ojukwu 'On IGP's Orders' |url=https://punchng.com/police-abduct-fij-reporter-daniel-ojukwu-on-igps-orders/#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503200144/https://punchng.com/police-abduct-fij-reporter-daniel-ojukwu-on-igps-orders/ |archive-date=May 3, 2024 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> da Daniel Ojukwu, wani ɗan jarida mai ba da rahoto na FIJ. ’Yan sanda sun tsare Daniel a Sashen Binciken Laifuka na Jiha (SCID) daga ranar 1 zuwa 5 ga Mayu, 2024, kafin su mayar da shi wani ɗakin tsarewa a Abuja inda ya ci gaba da zama har zuwa ranar 10 ga Mayu. Sun hana shi samun damar ganin lauya da iyalinsa, kuma sun sake shi ne kawai<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ugwu |first=Francis |date=May 10, 2024 |title=Police free journalist Daniel Ojukwu after nine days in custody |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/10/police-free-journalist-daniel-ojukwu-after-nine-days-in-custody/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> bayan matsin lamba daga wasu kafafen yaɗa labarai. == Bincike == {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Taken Bincike !Ranar Wallafawa | !URL | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | • | | ARROWS OF GOD: One of Nigeria's Biggest Orphanages Is Trading Babies for Cash | | August 10, 2023 | | [https://fij.ng/article/arrows-of-god-one-of-nigerias-biggest-orphanages-is-trading-babies-for-cash/] | | - | | • | | Undercover as a Smuggler | | February 21, 2024 | | [https://fij.ng/article/undercover-as-a-smuggler/] | | - | | • | | UNDERCOVER: With N45,000, I Got Valid Police Character Certificate for Kirikiri Prison Inmate | | July 17, 2024 | | [https://fij.ng/article/undercover-with-n45000-i-got-valid-police-character-certificate-for-kirikiri-prison-inmate/] | | == Kyaututtuka == * Google News Initiative Challenge<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/the-cable-dubawa-humanangle-others-shortlisted-for-google-news-initiative-challenge/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=The Cable, Dubawa, HumanAngle others shortlisted for Google News Initiative Challenge |newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[2020 Lekki shooting]] * [https://fij.ng/category/our-impact Our Impact] * [https://fij.ng/category/investigations Investigations] == Manazarta == r3852vs468lm3cvgnak7di1he0zh2wh 0 166285 916027 2026-09-04T10:25:06Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = Nigeria Association of Computing Students | abbreviation = NACOS | logo = File:Nacos_Logo.jpg | formation = | founder = | type = [[Student society|Student organization]] | status = Active | purpose = To represent and support computing students across Nigeria<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=NACOS calls on FG to equip youths with marketable ski... 916027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Nigeria Association of Computing Students | abbreviation = NACOS | logo = File:Nacos_Logo.jpg | formation = | founder = | type = [[Student society|Student organization]] | status = Active | purpose = To represent and support computing students across Nigeria<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=NACOS calls on FG to equip youths with marketable skills |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/nacos-calls-on-fg-to-equip-youths-with-marketable-skills/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-29 |date=2020-04-09|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> | headquarters = Plot 10 Otumba Jobi Fele-way, Alausa Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria | location = [[Nigeria]] | region_served = Nationwide | membership = 1,000,000 members <span style="color:green;">▲</span> | leader_title = President | leader_name = | affiliations = Nigerian Computer Society (NCS), [[International Federation for Information Processing]] (IFIP), [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM), [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] (IEEE), [[Microsoft Student Partners]] (MSP), [[Google|Google Developer Group]] (GDG), [[National Information Technology Development Agency]] (NITDA), [[National Universities Commission]] (NUC) | website = {{URL|https://nacos.org.ng/}} }} '''Nigeria Association of Computing Students''' (NACOS) ƙungiya ce ta ɗalibai a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=Nigeria Association of Computing Students (NACOS) Pays Courtesy Visit to Energy Commission of Nigeria |url=https://www.energy.gov.ng/nacos.php |website=Federal Ministry of Energy |publisher=energy.gov.ng |access-date=2024-12-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=NACOS honours Akano as digital economy champion |url=https://guardian.ng/technology/nacos-honours-akano-as-digital-economy-champion/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-12-25 |date=2023-10-25|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> An kafa NACOS ne a shekarar 2020 domin maye gurbin Nigeria Association of Computer Science Students (NACOSS) wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1993.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=FSI, NACOS host hackathon, seek tech solutions for Nigerians |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/01/fsi-nacos-host-hackathon-seek-tech-solutions-for-nigerians/ |access-date=2024-12-30 |work=Naira Metrics |date=2019-10-11}}</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa Nigerian Association of Computer Science Students (NACOSS) a watan Yulin 1993 ta wasu gungun ɗalibai tare da goyon bayan Nigerian Computer Society (NCS), wadda ita ce babbar ƙungiyarta. An kafa NACOSS ne domin wakiltar ɗalibai masu karatun fannonin da suka shafi kwamfuta a manyan makarantun Najeriya, ciki har da Computer Science, Computer Engineering, da Information Technology.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=Jobs/AppointmentsNACOS Rejigs National Advisory Board |url=https://businesspost.ng/jobs/nacos-rejigs-national-advisory-board/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2024-11-25 |date=2020-04-09|newspaper=Business Post}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2012, NACOSS ta bunƙasa har ta ƙunshi sama da mambobi 250,000 da aka yi wa rajista a cikin sama da rassa 150 na cikin gida da suka bazu a jami’o’i, polytechnics, da kwalejojin ilimi a faɗin yankunan siyasa da tattalin arziki guda shida na Najeriya. Ayyukanta sun fi mayar da hankali kan gina ƙwarewa, bunƙasa ƙwarewar sana’a, da haɓaka harkokin kasuwanci a fannin Information Technology. A shekarar 2020, NACOSS ta sauya zuwa Nigeria Association of Computing Students (NACOS) domin nuna faɗaɗɗen fannin karatun kwamfuta.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Goni |title=Nigerian developers to compete for N2.5 million in hackathon organized by FSI, NACOS |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/09/30/nigerian-developers-to-compete-for-n2-5-million-in-hackathon-organized-by-fsi-nacos/ |access-date=2024-12-31 |publisher=Naira Metrics |date=2019-10-15}}</ref> ==Manazarta== cj90q5ccjlw072hry0t3uxkh2fohqrh 0 166286 916031 2026-09-04T10:35:40Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361318584|Portrait of Lola Montez]]" 916031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hoton Lola Montez''''' hoto ne na 1847 na [[Rawa|mai rawa]] da kuma yarinya Lola Montez . Mai zane-zane na Jamus Joseph Karl Stieler ne ya zana shi, ya nuna ta a lokacin da ta kasance uwargidan Ludwig I na Bavaria. Montez, matar da ta rabu da wani jami'in sojojin Burtaniya, ta yi a kan mataki a duk faɗin Turai kafin ta sadu da Ludwig kuma ta zauna a Bavaria. Yunkurin da ya yi mata na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa aka hambarar da shi a Juyin Juya Halin 1848. Stieler ya kasance mai zane-zane na kotu ga sarakunan Bavaria tun daga 1820 kuma a cikin 1826 ya zana hoton Ludwig a cikin rigunan sarauta. An sanya zanensa na Montez a cikin Gallery of Beauties a Ludwig's Nymphenburg Palace a [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == k8hgm71kcon6h75j4is06ui6hct8kbj 916032 916031 2026-09-04T10:36:04Z Usman saadu 46863 916032 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hoton Lola Montez''''' hoto ne na 1847 na [[Rawa|mai rawa]] da kuma yarinya Lola Montez . Mai zane-zane na Jamus Joseph Karl Stieler ne ya zana shi, ya nuna ta a lokacin da ta kasance uwargidan Ludwig I na Bavaria. Montez, matar da ta rabu da wani jami'in sojojin Burtaniya, ta yi a kan mataki a duk faɗin Turai kafin ta sadu da Ludwig kuma ta zauna a Bavaria. Yunkurin da ya yi mata na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa aka hambarar da shi a Juyin Juya Halin 1848. Stieler ya kasance mai zane-zane na kotu ga sarakunan Bavaria tun daga 1820 kuma a cikin 1826 ya zana hoton Ludwig a cikin rigunan sarauta. An sanya zanensa na Montez a cikin Gallery of Beauties a Ludwig's Nymphenburg Palace a [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == 6q04wx6uy6cd6ybct6ppr797m93uwtt 916035 916032 2026-09-04T10:36:31Z Usman saadu 46863 916035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hoton Lola Montez''''' hoto ne na shekarar 1847 na [[Rawa|mai rawa]] da kuma yarinya Lola Montez . Mai zane-zane na Jamus Joseph Karl Stieler ne ya zana shi, ya nuna ta a lokacin da ta kasance uwargidan Ludwig I na Bavaria. Montez, matar da ta rabu da wani jami'in sojojin Burtaniya, ta yi a kan mataki a duk faɗin Turai kafin ta sadu da Ludwig kuma ta zauna a Bavaria. Yunkurin da ya yi mata na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa aka hambarar da shi a Juyin Juya Halin 1848. Stieler ya kasance mai zane-zane na kotu ga sarakunan Bavaria tun daga 1820 kuma a cikin 1826 ya zana hoton Ludwig a cikin rigunan sarauta. An sanya zanensa na Montez a cikin Gallery of Beauties a Ludwig's Nymphenburg Palace a [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == 1gf1weogkwj6tqkp8unlh8mlvjj7qsr 916036 916035 2026-09-04T10:37:08Z Usman saadu 46863 916036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hoton Lola Montez''''' hoto ne na shekarar 1847 na [[Rawa|mai rawa]] da kuma yarinya Lola Montez . Mai zane-zane na Jamus Joseph Karl Stieler ne ya zana shi, ya nuna ta a lokacin da ta kasance uwargidan Ludwig I na Bavaria. Montez, matar da ta rabu da wani jami'in sojojin Burtaniya, ta yi a kan mataki a duk faɗin Turai kafin ta sadu da Ludwig kuma ta zauna a Bavaria. Yunkurin da ya yi mata na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa aka hambarar da shi a Juyin Juya Halin 1848. Stieler ya kasance mai zane-zane na kotu ga sarakunan Bavaria tun daga 1820 kuma a cikin shekara ta 1826 ya zana hoton Ludwig a cikin rigunan sarauta. An sanya zanensa na Montez a cikin Gallery of Beauties a Ludwig's Nymphenburg Palace a [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == os4k2hrs4ovsu6gqh80ecogw38awhr9 916037 916036 2026-09-04T10:37:39Z Usman saadu 46863 916037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Hoton Lola Montez''''' hoto ne na shekarar 1847 na [[Rawa|mai rawa]] da kuma yarinya Lola Montez . Mai zane-zane na Jamus Joseph Karl Stieler ne ya zana shi, ya nuna ta a lokacin da ta kasance uwargidan Ludwig I na Bavaria. Montez, matar da ta rabu da wani jami'in sojojin Burtaniya, ta yi a kan mataki a duk faɗin Turai kafin ta sadu da Ludwig kuma ta zauna a Bavaria. Yunkurin da ya yi mata na ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa aka hambarar da shi a Juyin Juya Halin a shekara ta 1848. Stieler ya kasance mai zane-zane na kotu ga sarakunan Bavaria tun daga 1820 kuma a cikin shekara ta 1826 ya zana hoton Ludwig a cikin rigunan sarauta. An sanya zanensa na Montez a cikin Gallery of Beauties a Ludwig's Nymphenburg Palace a [[München|Munich]] . == Manazarta == tb515ut4uxdt3desowbxadbblj1oz4q 0 166287 916034 2026-09-04T10:36:09Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = The Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance | logo = | type = Nonprofit organization | industry = Extended Producer Responsibility | founded = 2018 | area_served = Nigeria | key_people = Arese-Lucia Onaghise (Executive Secretary) | num_members = 29 Member Companies | website = https://www.fbranigeria.ng }} Ƙungiyar '''Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance''', ko kuma kawai '''FBRA''', wata Nonprofit organization|... 916034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = The Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance | logo = | type = Nonprofit organization | industry = Extended Producer Responsibility | founded = 2018 | area_served = Nigeria | key_people = Arese-Lucia Onaghise (Executive Secretary) | num_members = 29 Member Companies | website = https://www.fbranigeria.ng }} Ƙungiyar '''Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance''', ko kuma kawai '''FBRA''', wata [[Nonprofit organization|ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta]] ta Najeriya wadda ke haɓaka manufar [[extended producer responsibility|ɗaukar alhakin masana'anta bayan amfani da samfur]] da haɗin gwiwar masana'antu, da nufin haɗa masu ruwa da tsaki masu alhaki a fannin abinci da abin sha domin tallafawa da bunƙasa shirye-shiryen tattara shara, sayen kayan da aka yi amfani da su, da sake sarrafa su. An kafa FBRA a matsayin [[Producer Responsibility Organisation|Ƙungiyar Alhakin Masana'anta]] (PRO) ta masana'antar abinci da abin sha domin inganta dawo da kayan marufi da aka yi amfani da su bayan mabukaci, bisa ka'idojin aiki na [[National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (Nigeria)|National Environmental Standards Regulations and Enforcement Agency (NESREA)]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=semasir |title=About us |url=https://www.fbranigeria.ng/about-us/ |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance (FBRA) {{!}} World Cleanup Day 2022 |url=https://www.worldcleanupday.org/organisations/fbranigeria-ng-pES |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=[www.worldcleanupday.org](http://www.worldcleanupday.org) |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306154837/https://www.worldcleanupday.org/organisations/fbranigeria-ng-pES |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara tunanin kafa ƙungiyar ne a shekarar 2012, yayin da aka fara ayyukanta a shekarar 2013. An ƙaddamar da FBRA a hukumance kuma aka yi mata rajista a matsayin [[Producer Responsibility Organisation|Ƙungiyar Alhakin Masana'anta]]<nowiki/>a shekarar 2018, tare da kamfanoni huɗu kacal da suka kafa ta.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite news |title=FBRA Appoints Executive Secretary to Drive its Ambitious Goal|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/25/fbra-appoints-executive-secretary-to-drive-its-ambitious-goal/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> A halin yanzu, Ƙungiyar Food and Beverage Recycling Alliance ta ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi ashirin da tara waɗanda suka himmatu wajen inganta tattarawa da sake sarrafa kayan marufi da mabukata suka yi amfani da su.<ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Ta hanyar waɗannan manyan fannonin fifiko, an ɗora wa FBRA alhakin cimma waɗannan abubuwa:<ref>{{Cite news |title=fbra-lawma-others-join-forces-to-rid-lagos-of-wastes/ |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/09/fbra-lawma-others-join-forces-to-rid-lagos-of-wastes/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-02 |title=FBRA, UNIDO unite to train plastic manufacturers, recyclers |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/business-services/plastic-manufacturers/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-05-22 |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522081530/https://editor.guardian.ng/business-services/plastic-manufacturers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rapheal |date=2023-05-18 |title=FBRA, UNIDO sensitise stakeholders on plastic waste recycling |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/fbra-unido-sensitise-stakeholders-on-plastic-waste-recycling/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2023-05-22 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en}}</ref> * Kafa tsare-tsaren inganta ayyuka da samar da hanyoyin tattarawa da sake sarrafawa; * Haɓaka kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a, hulɗa da al'umma, da shirye-shiryen bayar da shawarwari; * Shiga cikin jagoranci na tunani (tattaunawar masana'antu/tsare-tsare/ka'idoji) kan sarrafa shara. == Kamfanonin mambobi == Kamfanonin da suke mambobin FBRA: * [[Nigerian Bottling Company]] * [[Nigerian Breweries]] * [[Seven-Up Bottling Company]] * [[Nestle Nigeria]] * PRIMA CORP LTD * ZARD group of companies * Tetra Pak West Africa * [[FrieslandCampina]] * Tulip Cocoa * Dufil Prima Foods Plc * [[International Breweries plc]] * Frigoglass/Beta glass * Omnik Limited * CWAY group * The Lacasera Company * Kellogg Tolaram Nigeria Limited * Engee Pet * [[Dow Chemical Company|Dow Chemical]] * [[Unilever Nigeria Plc]] * [[Promasidor Nigeria]] * UAC Foods Nig * CHI LTD * Guinness Nigeria PLC * Indorama Petrochemical Eleme * [[Perfetti Van Melle]] * Intercontinental Distillers * [[British American Tobacco]] * [[Cadbury Nigeria Plc]] * PolySmart Packaging Limited == Manazarta == bn9udfwn8ohe2utalfv0y5ur8w5jr3l 0 166288 916038 2026-09-04T10:46:23Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: '''Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman''' ko kuma '''BLPARW''' wata [[non-profit organisation|ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta]] wadda marigayiya [[Maryam Babangida]] ta ƙaddamar a watan Satumban 1987 a Najeriya.<ref>Michael Adesina,{{Cite news|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/10/23/babangidas-better-life-programme-empowers-women-in-16-states/?amp=1 |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Babangida's Better Life programme empowers women in 16 states |date= |accessdate=4 Decem... 916038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman''' ko kuma '''BLPARW''' wata [[non-profit organisation|ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta]] wadda marigayiya [[Maryam Babangida]] ta ƙaddamar a watan Satumban 1987 a Najeriya.<ref>Michael Adesina,{{Cite news|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/10/23/babangidas-better-life-programme-empowers-women-in-16-states/?amp=1 |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Babangida's Better Life programme empowers women in 16 states |date= |accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> Ita ce matar tsohon Shugaban Mulkin Soja na Najeriya, [[Ibrahim Babangida]].<ref>Sunday Isuwa,{{Cite news|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-to-name-women-centre-after-maryam-babangida/ |title=Senate To Name Women Centre After Maryam Babangida|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> Manufar shirin ita ce ganin an samu wata mace ‘yar Afirka mai cikakken sani, wadda ta samu ƙarfin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa da siyasa, kuma take taka rawa yadda ya kamata a tsarin ci gaban ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytrust.com/im-one-of-the-beneficiaries-of-maryam-babangidas-better-life-for-rural-women-minister/ |title=I'm One Of The Beneficiaries Of Maryam Babangida's Better Life For Rural Women – Minister |date=17 October 2022 |accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Shugabar Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman a yanzu ita ce [[Aisha Babangida]], ’yar fari ta marigayiya Maryam Babangida.<ref>Gabriel Olawale,{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/aisha-babangida-receives-late-mothers-posthumous-award-from-women-affairs-minister-pauline-tallen/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Aisha Babangida receives Late Mother's Posthumous Award from Women Affairs Minister, Pauline Tallen|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Shirin == Maryam Ibrahim Babangida ta gudanar da shawarwari tare da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban kamar ''Directorate for Food and Rural Infrastructure'' da ƙungiyoyin mata game da matsalolin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da ke shafar matan karkara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/why-we-desire-to-immortalise-maryam-babangida-says-okogwu/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Why we desire to immortalise Maryam Babangida, says Okogwu|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1986, ta ziyarci wasu ƙauyuka biyu da ke kusa da [[Lagos]], ''Igbologun'' da ''Ilado-Odo''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Komolafe|first1=Funmi|last2=Kumolu|first2=Charles|title=She made the difference - Vanguard News|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/she-made-the-difference/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=28 December 2009|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Ƙauyukan ba su da tsaftataccen ruwa da kuma ababen more rayuwa na rarraba wutar lantarki. Ziyarar ta tabbatar mata da fahimtar cewa ya kamata a ƙara mayar da hankali kan ayyukan ci gaban karkara. A shekarar 1987, an gudanar da wani taron bita kan rawar da matan karkara ke takawa wajen ci gaba a Abuja, wanda ya haifar da kafa ''Better Life Program for the Rural Woman''.<ref name="ALL">{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200501120242.html|title=Nigeria: Better Life Programme, a Success - Mrs Babangida|publisher=allafrica.com|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ta samar da wata sabuwar dabarar aiki wadda za a aiwatar cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa domin tabbatar da cewa ana tallafa wa matan karkara a Najeriya da Afirka tare da ba su ƙarfi.<ref>Angela Atabo,{{cite web|url=https://www.herald.ng/babangidas-better-life-programme-empowers-rural-women-in16-states/|title=Babangida's Better Life programme empowers rural women in16 states|publisher=herald.ng|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukan BLPARW shirye-shirye ne na al'umma da aka tsara domin tallafa wa mata a al'ummomin Afirka wajen kafa ƙungiyoyin aiki masu tsari da haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan ayyuka suna amfani da tsare-tsare na musamman wajen magance matsalolin da ake fuskanta tare da inganta tasirin ƙungiyoyi da dorewarsu.<ref name="gabriel">{{cite web|last1=Gabriel|first1=Amakievi|title=A Better Life Program for Rural Women in a Developing Nation|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274077672}}</ref> === Noma === BLPARW ta samar da dabarun tattara [[rural women|manoman mata na karkara]] domin samar da amfanin gona masu darajar kasuwa, waɗanda za a iya faɗaɗa samar da su da kuma fitar da su zuwa ƙasashen waje, waɗanda ke da muhimmancin gina jiki da ci gaban ƙasa. Amfanin gonar sun haɗa da rogo domin samar da sitaci da hatsi, man shea, fonio, shinkafa, da sauransu. Ana ƙarfafa manoman mata su haɗa kai a ƙarƙashin [[Agricultural cooperative|ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar noma]] domin ƙara samun damar samun rance da tallafin filaye, ayyukan faɗaɗa noma da fasaha.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Masana'antar Ƙananan Sana'o'i === Matar karkara ta Afirka da ke aiki a cikin masana'antar ƙananan sana'o'i sau da yawa ana siffanta ta da ƙwazo da aiki mai wahala. Yawanci tana gudanar da ƙaramin kasuwancin samar da kayayyaki, galibi daga gidanta, maimakon wurin da aka gina musamman domin wannan aiki. BLPARW tana tallafa mata wajen ci gabanta ta hanyar inganta layin samar da kayayyaki.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Shirye-shiryen Ilimin Manya da Ilimin Kuɗi === Taimaka wa matan Afirka wajen haɓaka da inganta iya karatu da rubutu. Gina ƙimar kansu da yarda da kansu. Taimaka wa mata wajen samun ƙwarewa a harkokin kuɗin kansu da na kasuwanci, da kuma yanke shawarar zuba jari. Samar da ilimi da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin yanke shawarar da ta dace game da kuɗi, ƙirƙirar kasafin kuɗi da kuma iya bibiyar yadda ake kashe kuɗi.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Shirin Wayar da Kan Lafiya === BLPARW ta hanyar shirinta ''Sauki'', wanda shiri ne na wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiya, yana inganta damar da matan karkara na Afirka da ’ya’yansu ke da ita ta samun ingantacciyar lafiya, wanda hakan ke inganta walwalar al'ummomin karkara na Afirka. Dandalin yana shirya shirye-shiryen wayar da kan al'umma sau biyu a shekara domin magance matsaloli na asali kamar rashin samun gwaje-gwajen lafiya. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke cikin BLPARW suna gudanar da tantancewa, suna bayar da shawarwari ciki har da tsara manufofin lafiyar mutum da walwala.<ref name="gabriel"/> == Tsarin ƙungiya == Bayan sake ƙaddamar da BLPARW, kwamitin amintattu, ƙungiyar gudanarwa wadda MD/CEO ke jagoranta, tare da ƙwararrun masu sa kai na fili da kuma abokan hulɗa na fasaha daban-daban ne ke gudanar da ƙungiyar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/06/19/inspiring-mileage-of-aisha-babangidas-better-life/ |title=Inspiring Mileage of Aisha Babangida's Better Life |date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tech Herfrica]] ==Manazarta== 6yhorgiid3selcx0f8wne1r5ghyi1g2 916039 916038 2026-09-04T10:48:13Z Saad Nuhu 43323 916039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman | full_name = | native_name = <!-- organization's name in its local language --> | native_name_lang = <!-- required ISO 639-1 code of the above native language --> | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] --> | caption = | map = <!-- map image --> | map_size = <!-- defaults to 250px --> | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = <!-- 2nd map image, if required --> | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = | pronunciation = | pronounce_ref = | pronounce_comment = | named_after = | predecessor = | merged_into = <!-- any other organization(s) which it was merged into --> | successor = | formation = 1987 | founder = [[Maryam Babangida]] | founding_location = | dissolved = <!-- or |defunct = --><!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization --> | type = [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]] | tax_id = <!-- or |vat_id = (for European organizations) --> | registration_id = <!-- for non-profits --> | status = [[Corporate Affairs Commission, Nigeria|CAC]] | purpose = <!-- or |focus = --><!-- humanitarian, activism, peacekeeping, etc. --> | professional_title = <!-- for professional associations --> | headquarters = [[Abuja]] | location = [[Nigeria]] | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LON|display=inline,title}} --> | origins = | region_served = <!-- or |area_served = or |region = --> | products = <!-- or |product = --> | services = | methods = <!-- or |method = --> | fields = <!-- or |field = --> | num_members = <!-- number of members --> | num_members_year = <!-- year to which membership numbers/data apply --> | language = <!-- or |languages = --><!-- any official language or languages used --> | owner = <!-- or |owners = --> | secretary_general = <!-- or |gen_sec for General Secretary --> | leader_title = <!-- defaults to "Leader" --> | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = [[Aisha Babangida]], (Chairperson) | main_organ = <!-- or |publication = --><!-- organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc.) or publication --> | parent_organization = <!-- or |parent_organisation = --> | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | funding = <!-- source of funding e.g. for "think tanks" --> | num_staff = | num_staff_year = | num_volunteers = | num_volunteers_year = | num_students = | num_students_year = | awards = | website = {{URL|http://www.betterlife-africa.org}} - | remarks = | former_name = <!-- or |former_name = --> | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman''' ko kuma '''BLPARW''' wata [[non-profit organisation|ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta]] wadda marigayiya [[Maryam Babangida]] ta ƙaddamar a watan Satumban 1987 a Najeriya.<ref>Michael Adesina,{{Cite news|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/10/23/babangidas-better-life-programme-empowers-women-in-16-states/?amp=1 |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Babangida's Better Life programme empowers women in 16 states |date= |accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> Ita ce matar tsohon Shugaban Mulkin Soja na Najeriya, [[Ibrahim Babangida]].<ref>Sunday Isuwa,{{Cite news|url=https://leadership.ng/senate-to-name-women-centre-after-maryam-babangida/ |title=Senate To Name Women Centre After Maryam Babangida|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> Manufar shirin ita ce ganin an samu wata mace ‘yar Afirka mai cikakken sani, wadda ta samu ƙarfin tattalin arziki da na zamantakewa da siyasa, kuma take taka rawa yadda ya kamata a tsarin ci gaban ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://dailytrust.com/im-one-of-the-beneficiaries-of-maryam-babangidas-better-life-for-rural-women-minister/ |title=I'm One Of The Beneficiaries Of Maryam Babangida's Better Life For Rural Women – Minister |date=17 October 2022 |accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Shugabar Better Life Program for the African Rural Woman a yanzu ita ce [[Aisha Babangida]], ’yar fari ta marigayiya Maryam Babangida.<ref>Gabriel Olawale,{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/aisha-babangida-receives-late-mothers-posthumous-award-from-women-affairs-minister-pauline-tallen/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Aisha Babangida receives Late Mother's Posthumous Award from Women Affairs Minister, Pauline Tallen|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> == Shirin == Maryam Ibrahim Babangida ta gudanar da shawarwari tare da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban kamar ''Directorate for Food and Rural Infrastructure'' da ƙungiyoyin mata game da matsalolin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da ke shafar matan karkara.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://guardian.ng/news/why-we-desire-to-immortalise-maryam-babangida-says-okogwu/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Why we desire to immortalise Maryam Babangida, says Okogwu|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1986, ta ziyarci wasu ƙauyuka biyu da ke kusa da [[Lagos]], ''Igbologun'' da ''Ilado-Odo''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Komolafe|first1=Funmi|last2=Kumolu|first2=Charles|title=She made the difference - Vanguard News|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/she-made-the-difference/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|date=28 December 2009|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Ƙauyukan ba su da tsaftataccen ruwa da kuma ababen more rayuwa na rarraba wutar lantarki. Ziyarar ta tabbatar mata da fahimtar cewa ya kamata a ƙara mayar da hankali kan ayyukan ci gaban karkara. A shekarar 1987, an gudanar da wani taron bita kan rawar da matan karkara ke takawa wajen ci gaba a Abuja, wanda ya haifar da kafa ''Better Life Program for the Rural Woman''.<ref name="ALL">{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200501120242.html|title=Nigeria: Better Life Programme, a Success - Mrs Babangida|publisher=allafrica.com|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ƙungiyar ta samar da wata sabuwar dabarar aiki wadda za a aiwatar cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa domin tabbatar da cewa ana tallafa wa matan karkara a Najeriya da Afirka tare da ba su ƙarfi.<ref>Angela Atabo,{{cite web|url=https://www.herald.ng/babangidas-better-life-programme-empowers-rural-women-in16-states/|title=Babangida's Better Life programme empowers rural women in16 states|publisher=herald.ng|date=|accessdate=4 December 2022}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukan BLPARW shirye-shirye ne na al'umma da aka tsara domin tallafa wa mata a al'ummomin Afirka wajen kafa ƙungiyoyin aiki masu tsari da haɗin gwiwa. Waɗannan ayyuka suna amfani da tsare-tsare na musamman wajen magance matsalolin da ake fuskanta tare da inganta tasirin ƙungiyoyi da dorewarsu.<ref name="gabriel">{{cite web|last1=Gabriel|first1=Amakievi|title=A Better Life Program for Rural Women in a Developing Nation|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274077672}}</ref> === Noma === BLPARW ta samar da dabarun tattara [[rural women|manoman mata na karkara]] domin samar da amfanin gona masu darajar kasuwa, waɗanda za a iya faɗaɗa samar da su da kuma fitar da su zuwa ƙasashen waje, waɗanda ke da muhimmancin gina jiki da ci gaban ƙasa. Amfanin gonar sun haɗa da rogo domin samar da sitaci da hatsi, man shea, fonio, shinkafa, da sauransu. Ana ƙarfafa manoman mata su haɗa kai a ƙarƙashin [[Agricultural cooperative|ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar noma]] domin ƙara samun damar samun rance da tallafin filaye, ayyukan faɗaɗa noma da fasaha.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Masana'antar Ƙananan Sana'o'i === Matar karkara ta Afirka da ke aiki a cikin masana'antar ƙananan sana'o'i sau da yawa ana siffanta ta da ƙwazo da aiki mai wahala. Yawanci tana gudanar da ƙaramin kasuwancin samar da kayayyaki, galibi daga gidanta, maimakon wurin da aka gina musamman domin wannan aiki. BLPARW tana tallafa mata wajen ci gabanta ta hanyar inganta layin samar da kayayyaki.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Shirye-shiryen Ilimin Manya da Ilimin Kuɗi === Taimaka wa matan Afirka wajen haɓaka da inganta iya karatu da rubutu. Gina ƙimar kansu da yarda da kansu. Taimaka wa mata wajen samun ƙwarewa a harkokin kuɗin kansu da na kasuwanci, da kuma yanke shawarar zuba jari. Samar da ilimi da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin yanke shawarar da ta dace game da kuɗi, ƙirƙirar kasafin kuɗi da kuma iya bibiyar yadda ake kashe kuɗi.<ref name="gabriel"/> === Shirin Wayar da Kan Lafiya === BLPARW ta hanyar shirinta ''Sauki'', wanda shiri ne na wayar da kan jama'a game da lafiya, yana inganta damar da matan karkara na Afirka da ’ya’yansu ke da ita ta samun ingantacciyar lafiya, wanda hakan ke inganta walwalar al'ummomin karkara na Afirka. Dandalin yana shirya shirye-shiryen wayar da kan al'umma sau biyu a shekara domin magance matsaloli na asali kamar rashin samun gwaje-gwajen lafiya. Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya da ke cikin BLPARW suna gudanar da tantancewa, suna bayar da shawarwari ciki har da tsara manufofin lafiyar mutum da walwala.<ref name="gabriel"/> == Tsarin ƙungiya == Bayan sake ƙaddamar da BLPARW, kwamitin amintattu, ƙungiyar gudanarwa wadda MD/CEO ke jagoranta, tare da ƙwararrun masu sa kai na fili da kuma abokan hulɗa na fasaha daban-daban ne ke gudanar da ƙungiyar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/06/19/inspiring-mileage-of-aisha-babangidas-better-life/ |title=Inspiring Mileage of Aisha Babangida's Better Life |date=|accessdate=4 December 2022|newspaper=[[This Day]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Tech Herfrica]] ==Manazarta== e6nwdvkt4nhmh6umbp1nmqoiw5e638k 0 166289 916040 2026-09-04T10:49:56Z Abunihla001 46562 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/834002043|Richard Solomon]]" 916040 wikitext text/x-wiki * Richard Solomon (masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam) (1918-1995), masanin halayyar ɗan adam na Amurka * Richard Solomon (barrister) (1850-1913), memba na Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya kuma Babban Lauyan Cape Colony da Transvaal * Richard Solomon (kwando) (an haife shi a shekara ta 1992), ɗan wasan ƙwallon kwando na Amurka * Richard H. Solomon (1937-2017), Mataimakin Sakataren Gwamnatin Amurka kuma Jakadan Philippines == Dubi kuma == * Richard Solomons (an haife shi a shekara ta 1961), ɗan kasuwa na Burtaniya lf14ppmgrt7hvgv309zck1wlix9min6 0 166290 916041 2026-09-04T10:54:37Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization |name = African Artists' Foundation |image = |image_border = |image_size = |caption = |map = |map_size = |map_caption = |abbreviation = |formation = 2007 |extinction = |type = Non-profit organisation |status = |purpose = |headquarters = |location = [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |re... 916041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization |name = African Artists' Foundation |image = |image_border = |image_size = |caption = |map = |map_size = |map_caption = |abbreviation = |formation = 2007 |extinction = |type = Non-profit organisation |status = |purpose = |headquarters = |location = [[Lagos, Nigeria]] |region_served = |membership = |language = |leader_title = Founder |leader_name = Azu Nwagbogu |main_organ = |parent_organization = |affiliations = |num_staff = |num_volunteers = |budget = |website = {{URL|www.africanartists.org}} |remarks = }} '''The African Artists' Foundation (AAF)''' wata [[Nonprofit organization|ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta]] da ke [[Lagos, Nigeria|Lagos, Najeriya]], wadda [[Azu Nwagbogu]] ya kafa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=O’Hagan |first=Sean |date=2020-11-10 |title='We have lost a limb': Azu Nwagbogu, the visionary curator bringing African art home |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2020/nov/10/azu-nwagbogu-visionary-curator-african-art-lagos-photo-festival |access-date=28 July 2026 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> Gidauniyar na da nufin haɓaka fasahar zamani da kafa dandali ga fasahohin Afirka da masu fasaha ta hanyar [[art exhibitions|baje kolin fasaha]], bukukuwa, gasa, da tarurrukan horaswa.<ref name="Vang">{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/the-african-artist-foundation-promoting-art-and-photography/|title=The African Artist Foundation promoting Art and Photography|first=Remmy |last=Diagbare|date=3 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/african-artists-foundation|title=African Artists' Foundation|access-date=28 July 2026}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye == Daga cikin shirye-shiryen da AAF ke gudanarwa akwai [[Lagos Photo Festival]], wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2009 da nufin baje kolin ayyukan sabbin masu fasaha na Afirka, da kuma National Art Competition wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2008 domin taimakawa wajen samar da dandali ga masu fasaha na Najeriya.<ref name="Vang"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/african-artists-foundation-decries-illegal-possession-of-office-by-bank/|title=African Artists’ Foundation decries illegal possession of office by bank|first=Obinna |last=Emelike|date=26 February 2024}}</ref> ==Manazarta== irmmj9zcffrh1tsm1kixnwt4ocnlmd8 0 166291 916042 2026-09-04T10:59:30Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[File:Yemi Adamolekun exec director.png|thumb|Yemi Adamolekun - Executive director of Enough is Enough a shekarar 2015]] '''Enough is Enough''' wata ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin matasan Najeriya masu bayar da shawarwari, wadda ke haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da ɗaukar alhakin siyasa a ƙasar.<ref name="ON">{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title="Enough is Enough Nigeria" Receives Grant from Omidyar Network to Promote Transparency... 916042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Yemi Adamolekun exec director.png|thumb|Yemi Adamolekun - Executive director of Enough is Enough a shekarar 2015]] '''Enough is Enough''' wata ƙungiya ce ta haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin matasan Najeriya masu bayar da shawarwari, wadda ke haɓaka kyakkyawan shugabanci da ɗaukar alhakin siyasa a ƙasar.<ref name="ON">{{cite press release |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title="Enough is Enough Nigeria" Receives Grant from Omidyar Network to Promote Transparency Around the Presidential Elections |url=https://www.omidyar.com/news/%E2%80%9Cenough-enough-nigeria%E2%80%9D-receives-grant-omidyar-network-promote-transparency-around-presidential |location=Redwood city |publisher=Omidyar Network |access-date=2017-02-04 |archive-date=2017-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202007/https://www.omidyar.com/news/%E2%80%9Cenough-enough-nigeria%E2%80%9D-receives-grant-omidyar-network-promote-transparency-around-presidential |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tana da cibiyoyi a [[Lagos]] da [[Abuja]], kuma ta shirya kide-kide, koke-koke, zanga-zanga da tarurrukan bita domin jawo hankali kan tashe-tashen hankulan da [[Boko Haram]] ke aikatawa, neman a saki [[Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping|’yan matan Chibok da aka sace]], yawan albashin ’yan majalisa, da kuma hana jami’an da aka zaɓa takardar izinin shiga ƙasashen waje domin neman magani. Babbar daraktar zartarwa ita ce [[Yemi Adamolekun]].<ref name="AA">{{cite news |title=Nigeria: 'Enough Is Enough' Aims to Reclaim Citizen Power |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202002260001.html |accessdate=6 May 2020 |work=allAfrica.com |date=26 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin da ake shirin gudanar da [[Nigerian general election, 2015|babban zaɓen Najeriya na 2015]], ƙungiyar ta shirya wani kamfen na wayar da kan jama'a domin [[Voter registration drive|ƙarfafa matasa su yi rajistar zaɓe]].<ref name="ON"/> A watan Fabrairun 2017, ƙungiyar ta shirya gudanar da wata zanga-zanga a Lagos domin jawo hankali kan yanayin [[Economy of Nigeria|tattalin arzikin]] ƙasar.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ezeamalu |first=Ben |date=February 2, 2017 |title=Fayose, Adegboruwa say police lack power to stop Tuface’s protest |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/222403-fayose-adegboruwa-say-police-lack-power-stop-tufaces-protest.html |newspaper=[[Premium Times]]|location=Abuja }}</ref> ==Manazarta== nasv5ulf5vtm6yxch05v42b891th531 0 166292 916044 2026-09-04T11:01:48Z Santa MMD 23886 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369376779|Inma Gabarro]]" 916044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Inmaculada''' " '''Inma''' " '''Gabarro Romero''' ({{IPA|es|maˈɾi.a immakuˈlaða ˈimma ɣaˈβaro roˈmeɾo|lang}} ; an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2002) ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƴar wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar mata ta Everton da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sipaniya . == Ayyukan kulob din == Gabarro ta fara aikinta a rukunin matasa na Sevilla FC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inma |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/jugadora.asp?id=22387 |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=Txapeldunak}}</ref> Ta fara buga wa tawagar farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2020, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 77 a kan RCD Espanyol kuma ta taimaka wa Ana Franco ta zira kwallaye guda daya a nasarar Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=García |first=Basilio |date=2020-02-22 |title=El Sevilla Femenino logra su primera victoria a domicilio (0-1) |url=https://www.eldesmarque.com/futbol/liga-f/20200222/cronica-sevilla-femenino-espanyol_161196032.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=ElDesmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 2024, Gabarro ta sanya hannu a kulob din Everton na Super League na mata na Ingila a kan canja wurin kyauta bayan cikar kwangilarta a Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EVERTON SIGN SPAIN INTERNATIONAL GABARRO |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/july/29/everton-sign-spain-international-gabarro/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Everton Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='I'm a fighter' - Spain international explains Everton transfer as rebuild continues |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/im-fighter-spain-international-explains-29637470 |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar 2024, Gabarro ya samu rauni a ACL a kan Manchester United kuma an cire shi a minti na 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Injury Update |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/october/02/2024-october-2-inma-gabarro-injury-update/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba 2025, Gabarro ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekara guda, kuma an sanar da shi a kan rancen dogon lokaci ga Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Signs New Everton Deal Ahead Of Sevilla Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2025/september/11/Gabarro-Signs-New-Everton-Deal-Ahead-Of-Sevilla-Loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2026, an tuno da ita daga rance da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Returns From Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/january/28/gabarro-returns-from-loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na farko ga Everton a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2026, burin da ta samu a nasarar 1-0 a kan London City Lionesses . A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2026, Everton ta ba da sanarwar cewa Gabarro ta samu rauni a ACL, na biyu a cikin aikinta da Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-31 |title=GABARRO INJURY UPDATE |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/march/31/gabarro-injury-update/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Everton FC}}</ref> Wannan ya zo rabin shekara bayan ta dawo daga raunin ACL na baya. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Gabarro ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-20 ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INMA GABARRO, CONVOCADA CON LA SUB-20 PARA EL MUNDIAL DE COSTA RICA |url=https://www.sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/convocatoria-inma-femenino-mundial-sub-20-2022 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> Ta lashe Silver Ball don dan wasa na biyu mafi kyau a gasar bayan Maika Hamano, da kuma Golden Boot a matsayin babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar tare da kwallaye 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamano y Gabarro, las premiadas de oro en Costa Rica 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/es/articles/premios-copa-mundial-costa-rica-2022-hamano-gabarro}}</ref> Ta fara bugawa a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, ta kasance mai maye gurbin minti na 72 a cikin nasarar abokantaka ta 7-0 a gida a kan Argentina, inda ta zira kwallaye na karshe. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Inma Gabarro |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/gabarro-inma/KESdwJbd/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Sevilla |2019–20 |Sashe na Farko |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |32 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |4 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |30 |5 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |5 |- |2022–23 |Ligue F |28 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |7 |- |2023–24 |Ligue F |29 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |30 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !120 !22 !5 !0 !0 !0 !125 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Everton |2023–24 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |6 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !8 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !2 |- |Sevilla (Lanoni) |2025–26 |Ligue F |14 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |15 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !142 !27 !7 !0 !0 !0 !149 !28 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 7 March 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |Spain |2022 |1 |1 |- |2023 |2 |1 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- |2026 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !7 !2 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Spain na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Gabarro.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Inma Gabarro ta zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |11 ga Nuwamba 2022 |Filin wasa na Álvarez Claro, Melilla, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |7–0 | style="text-align:center" |7–0 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 ga Satumba 2023 |Filin wasa na Nuevo Arcángel, [[Spain]]" id="mwAUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain |{{Fbw|SUI}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |2023-24 Kungiyar Mata ta UEFA |- |} == Daraja == '''Spain U20''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title=Paralluelo propels Spain to revenge and glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/paralluelo-propels-spain-to-revenge-and-glory |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Golden Boot: 2022 <ref name="awards">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Hamano, Gabarro grab golden honours |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/hamano-gabarro-grab-golden-honours |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Silver Ball: 2022 <ref name="awards" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/inma-gabarro Bayani] a La Liga[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] {{Everton F.C. (women) squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] 46kp0g3328dsqbxrsiqb4pjpvjipa3i 916045 916044 2026-09-04T11:02:07Z Santa MMD 23886 916045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''María Inmaculada''' " '''Inma''' " '''Gabarro Romero''' ({{IPA|es|maˈɾi.a immakuˈlaða ˈimma ɣaˈβaro roˈmeɾo|lang}} ; an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2002) ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƴar wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar mata ta Everton da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sipaniya . == Ayyukan kulob din == Gabarro ta fara aikinta a rukunin matasa na Sevilla FC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inma |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/jugadora.asp?id=22387 |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=Txapeldunak}}</ref> Ta fara buga wa tawagar farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2020, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 77 a kan RCD Espanyol kuma ta taimaka wa Ana Franco ta zira kwallaye guda daya a nasarar Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=García |first=Basilio |date=2020-02-22 |title=El Sevilla Femenino logra su primera victoria a domicilio (0-1) |url=https://www.eldesmarque.com/futbol/liga-f/20200222/cronica-sevilla-femenino-espanyol_161196032.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=ElDesmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 2024, Gabarro ta sanya hannu a kulob din Everton na Super League na mata na Ingila a kan canja wurin kyauta bayan cikar kwangilarta a Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EVERTON SIGN SPAIN INTERNATIONAL GABARRO |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/july/29/everton-sign-spain-international-gabarro/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Everton Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='I'm a fighter' - Spain international explains Everton transfer as rebuild continues |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/im-fighter-spain-international-explains-29637470 |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar 2024, Gabarro ya samu rauni a ACL a kan Manchester United kuma an cire shi a minti na 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Injury Update |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/october/02/2024-october-2-inma-gabarro-injury-update/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba 2025, Gabarro ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekara guda, kuma an sanar da shi a kan rancen dogon lokaci ga Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Signs New Everton Deal Ahead Of Sevilla Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2025/september/11/Gabarro-Signs-New-Everton-Deal-Ahead-Of-Sevilla-Loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2026, an tuno da ita daga rance da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Returns From Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/january/28/gabarro-returns-from-loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na farko ga Everton a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2026, burin da ta samu a nasarar 1-0 a kan London City Lionesses . A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2026, Everton ta ba da sanarwar cewa Gabarro ta samu rauni a ACL, na biyu a cikin aikinta da Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-31 |title=GABARRO INJURY UPDATE |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/march/31/gabarro-injury-update/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Everton FC}}</ref> Wannan ya zo rabin shekara bayan ta dawo daga raunin ACL na baya. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Gabarro ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-20 ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INMA GABARRO, CONVOCADA CON LA SUB-20 PARA EL MUNDIAL DE COSTA RICA |url=https://www.sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/convocatoria-inma-femenino-mundial-sub-20-2022 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> Ta lashe Silver Ball don dan wasa na biyu mafi kyau a gasar bayan Maika Hamano, da kuma Golden Boot a matsayin babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar tare da kwallaye 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamano y Gabarro, las premiadas de oro en Costa Rica 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/es/articles/premios-copa-mundial-costa-rica-2022-hamano-gabarro}}</ref> Ta fara bugawa a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, ta kasance mai maye gurbin minti na 72 a cikin nasarar abokantaka ta 7-0 a gida a kan Argentina, inda ta zira kwallaye na karshe. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Inma Gabarro |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/gabarro-inma/KESdwJbd/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Sevilla |2019–20 |Sashe na Farko |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |32 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |4 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |30 |5 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |5 |- |2022–23 |Ligue F |28 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |7 |- |2023–24 |Ligue F |29 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |30 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !120 !22 !5 !0 !0 !0 !125 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Everton |2023–24 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |6 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !8 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !2 |- |Sevilla (Lanoni) |2025–26 |Ligue F |14 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |15 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !142 !27 !7 !0 !0 !0 !149 !28 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 7 March 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |Spain |2022 |1 |1 |- |2023 |2 |1 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- |2026 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !7 !2 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Spain na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Gabarro.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Inma Gabarro ta zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |11 ga Nuwamba 2022 |Filin wasa na Álvarez Claro, Melilla, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |7–0 | style="text-align:center" |7–0 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 ga Satumba 2023 |Filin wasa na Nuevo Arcángel, [[Spain]]" id="mwAUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain |{{Fbw|SUI}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |2023-24 Kungiyar Mata ta UEFA |- |} == Daraja == '''Spain U20''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title=Paralluelo propels Spain to revenge and glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/paralluelo-propels-spain-to-revenge-and-glory |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Golden Boot: 2022 <ref name="awards">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Hamano, Gabarro grab golden honours |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/hamano-gabarro-grab-golden-honours |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Silver Ball: 2022 <ref name="awards" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/inma-gabarro Bayani] a La Liga[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] {{Everton F.C. (women) squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] 1mmh5bbvgg7siv3edqpwu7e7dgg57o6 916046 916045 2026-09-04T11:02:24Z Santa MMD 23886 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 916046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''María Inmaculada''' " '''Inma''' " '''Gabarro Romero''' ({{IPA|es|maˈɾi.a immakuˈlaða ˈimma ɣaˈβaro roˈmeɾo|lang}} ; an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Nuwamba 2002) ƙwararriyar [[Ɗan ƙwallo|ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƴar wasan tsakiya]] a ƙungiyar mata ta Everton da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Sipaniya . == Ayyukan kulob din == Gabarro ta fara aikinta a rukunin matasa na Sevilla FC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inma |url=https://www.txapeldunak.com/cas/futbol_femenino/jugadora.asp?id=22387 |access-date=14 December 2021 |publisher=Txapeldunak}}</ref> Ta fara buga wa tawagar farko a ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 2020, ta zo a matsayin mai maye gurbin a minti na 77 a kan RCD Espanyol kuma ta taimaka wa Ana Franco ta zira kwallaye guda daya a nasarar Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |last=García |first=Basilio |date=2020-02-22 |title=El Sevilla Femenino logra su primera victoria a domicilio (0-1) |url=https://www.eldesmarque.com/futbol/liga-f/20200222/cronica-sevilla-femenino-espanyol_161196032.html |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=ElDesmarque |language=es}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin 2024, Gabarro ta sanya hannu a kulob din Everton na Super League na mata na Ingila a kan canja wurin kyauta bayan cikar kwangilarta a Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EVERTON SIGN SPAIN INTERNATIONAL GABARRO |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/july/29/everton-sign-spain-international-gabarro/ |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Everton Football Club}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='I'm a fighter' - Spain international explains Everton transfer as rebuild continues |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/im-fighter-spain-international-explains-29637470 |access-date=29 July 2024 |publisher=Liverpool Echo}}</ref> A ranar 29 ga watan Satumbar 2024, Gabarro ya samu rauni a ACL a kan Manchester United kuma an cire shi a minti na 11.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Injury Update |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2024/october/02/2024-october-2-inma-gabarro-injury-update/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Satumba 2025, Gabarro ya sanya hannu kan karin kwangilar shekara guda, kuma an sanar da shi a kan rancen dogon lokaci ga Sevilla.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Signs New Everton Deal Ahead Of Sevilla Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2025/september/11/Gabarro-Signs-New-Everton-Deal-Ahead-Of-Sevilla-Loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> A ranar 28 ga watan Janairun 2026, an tuno da ita daga rance da wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabarro Returns From Loan |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/january/28/gabarro-returns-from-loan/ |website=www.evertonfc.com}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na farko ga Everton a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu 2026, burin da ta samu a nasarar 1-0 a kan London City Lionesses . A ranar 31 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2026, Everton ta ba da sanarwar cewa Gabarro ta samu rauni a ACL, na biyu a cikin aikinta da Liverpool.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-31 |title=GABARRO INJURY UPDATE |url=https://www.evertonfc.com/news/2026/march/31/gabarro-injury-update/ |access-date=2026-03-31 |website=Everton FC}}</ref> Wannan ya zo rabin shekara bayan ta dawo daga raunin ACL na baya. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == Gabarro ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta U-20 ta 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INMA GABARRO, CONVOCADA CON LA SUB-20 PARA EL MUNDIAL DE COSTA RICA |url=https://www.sevillafc.es/actualidad/noticias/convocatoria-inma-femenino-mundial-sub-20-2022 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=Sevilla FC |language=es}}</ref> Ta lashe Silver Ball don dan wasa na biyu mafi kyau a gasar bayan Maika Hamano, da kuma Golden Boot a matsayin babban mai zira kwallaye na gasar tare da kwallaye 8.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hamano y Gabarro, las premiadas de oro en Costa Rica 2022 |url=https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/es/articles/premios-copa-mundial-costa-rica-2022-hamano-gabarro}}</ref> Ta fara bugawa a ranar 11 ga Nuwamba 2022, ta kasance mai maye gurbin minti na 72 a cikin nasarar abokantaka ta 7-0 a gida a kan Argentina, inda ta zira kwallaye na karshe. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|match played 16 May 2026}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Inma Gabarro |url=https://www.soccerway.com/player/gabarro-inma/KESdwJbd/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="6" |Sevilla |2019–20 |Sashe na Farko |1 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 |- |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |32 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |33 |4 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |30 |5 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - |32 |5 |- |2022–23 |Ligue F |28 |7 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |28 |7 |- |2023–24 |Ligue F |29 |6 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |30 |6 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !120 !22 !5 !0 !0 !0 !125 !22 |- | rowspan="3" |Everton |2023–24 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |6 |2 |1 |0 |0 |0 |7 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !8 !2 !1 !0 !0 !0 !9 !2 |- |Sevilla (Lanoni) |2025–26 |Ligue F |14 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |15 |4 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !142 !27 !7 !0 !0 !0 !149 !28 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 7 March 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="5" |Spain |2022 |1 |1 |- |2023 |2 |1 |- |2024 |1 |0 |- |2025 |1 |0 |- |2026 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !7 !2 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Spain na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Gabarro.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Inma Gabarro ta zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |11 ga Nuwamba 2022 |Filin wasa na Álvarez Claro, Melilla, [[Ispaniya|Spain]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |7–0 | style="text-align:center" |7–0 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 ga Satumba 2023 |Filin wasa na Nuevo Arcángel, [[Spain]]" id="mwAUw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba, Spain |{{Fbw|SUI}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |2023-24 Kungiyar Mata ta UEFA |- |} == Daraja == '''Spain U20''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2022 |title=Paralluelo propels Spain to revenge and glory |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/paralluelo-propels-spain-to-revenge-and-glory |access-date=26 December 2023 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Golden Boot: 2022 <ref name="awards">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2022 |title=Hamano, Gabarro grab golden honours |url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/womens/u20womensworldcup/costarica2022/news/hamano-gabarro-grab-golden-honours |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> * FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata Silver Ball: 2022 <ref name="awards" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/inma-gabarro Bayani] a La Liga[[La Liga|Ƙungiyar]] {{Everton F.C. (women) squad}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2002]] mni47u7tu17lg6i41fxhzu51orchiw9 0 166293 916047 2026-09-04T11:03:13Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox organization | name = Wetech | founded = 2019 | type = [[501(c)(3)]] [[Non-profit organization]] | focus = Women in [[Technology]] and [[Entrepreneurship]] | location = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | region_served = Global | key_people = Gabriella Uwadiegwu (Co-Founder & President)<br>Flora Uwadiegwu (Co-Founder & Vice President) | website = {{URL|wetech.africa}} }} '''Wetech''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2019. Tana da hedikwata a [[Lagos]], Najer... 916047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = Wetech | founded = 2019 | type = [[501(c)(3)]] [[Non-profit organization]] | focus = Women in [[Technology]] and [[Entrepreneurship]] | location = [[Lagos]], [[Nigeria]] | region_served = Global | key_people = Gabriella Uwadiegwu (Co-Founder & President)<br>Flora Uwadiegwu (Co-Founder & Vice President) | website = {{URL|wetech.africa}} }} '''Wetech''' ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wadda aka kafa a shekarar 2019. Tana da hedikwata a [[Lagos]], Najeriya kuma tana mai da hankali kan [[Women in STEM fields|mata a fannin fasaha]]. Tana gudanar da taron mata a fannin fasaha na shekara-shekara, wanda ya samu halartar mutane 1,500, zuwa shekarar 2024.<ref name="TechCabal2024">https://techcabal.com/2024/10/04/wetech-celebrates-its-fifth-anniversary/ TechCabal: Wetech celebrates its fifth anniversary (2024)</ref><ref name="Techpoint2024">https://techpoint.africa/coverage/wetech-2024-women-empowerment-in-africas-tech-ecosystem/ Techpoint Africa: Wetech 2024 Women Empowerment Conference</ref> ==Tarihi== An kafa Wetech a shekarar 2019 ta Gabriella Uwadiegwu.<ref name="TechCabal2025">https://techcabal.com/2025/07/30/grace-hopper-wetech-women-gender-gap/ TechCabal: The Grace Hopper Effect — A conference set this U.S. immigrant on a quest to close the gender gap in African tech (2025)</ref> Daga baya Flora Uwadiegwu ta shiga ƙungiyar. An gudanar da taron farko na ƙungiyar a watan Agustan 2019, wanda ya kasance zaman tattaunawa kan mata a fannin fasaha a Lagos.<ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/07/wetech-women-panel-event/ BellaNaija: Wetech Women Panel Event (2019)</ref> Bayan ƙaddamar da ita, ayyukan farko na Wetech sun fi mayar da hankali kan gina al'umma da wayar da kai. A shekarar 2020, ƙungiyar ta koma gudanar da shirye-shiryenta ta yanar gizo yayin annobar, inda ta ci gaba da kula da hanyoyin sadarwarta tare da rage manyan tarukan da ake gudanarwa kai tsaye. Zuwa shekarar 2021, Wetech ta koma gudanar da taruka kai tsaye kuma ta shirya wani taro da ya tattara kusan mahalarta 150, wanda shi ne babban taronta a wancan lokaci. A wannan shekarar kuma, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da rukunin farko na Wetech Ambassadors, wanda ya ƙunshi ɗalibai da ƙwararrun ma'aikata daga fannoni daban-daban na fasaha, wanda ya wakilci ƙara yaɗuwar Wetech a yankuna da masana'antu daban-daban. A shekarar 2022, Wetech ta gudanar da babban taronta na shekara-shekara na farko a Lagos, mai taken "We Are Here, A Thousand of Us", wanda ya jawo mahalarta dubu guda tare da gabatar da zaman tattaunawa kan haɗa kowa cikin duniyar dijital, fasahohin da ke tasowa, da harkokin kasuwanci.<ref name="techcabal2022">https://techcabal.com/2022/09/02/we-are-here-a-thousand-of-us-highlights-from-the-2022-wetech-conference/ TechCabal: Highlights from the 2022 Wetech Conference</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/08/2022-wetech-conference/ BellaNaija: 2022 Wetech Conference</ref> A shekarar 2023, Wetech ta ƙaddamar da Female Founders Conference, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan mata 'yan kasuwa a fannin fasaha da kamfanonin farawa a matakin farko.<ref>https://innovation-village.com/wetechs-first-female-founders-conference-inspires-change/ Innovation Village: Wetech's First Female Founders Conference Inspires Change (2023)</ref> A shekarar 2024, Wetech ta gudanar da taronta na cika shekaru biyar, wanda ya samu halartar mutane sama da 1,500 da abokan hulɗar masana'antu daga sassa daban-daban na Afirka.<ref name="TechCabal2024"/><ref name="Techpoint2024"/> Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa shirye-shiryenta don haɗawa da rukunin shirye-shiryen jagoranci da ranakun baje kolin ayyuka, wanda ya kai ga Wetech Mentorship Program Demo Day, inda ake baje kolin ayyukan da waɗanda suka amfana da shirin jagorancin suka jagoranta a fannoni daban-daban na fasaha.<ref>https://wetechng.medium.com/daring-to-build-highlights-from-the-2025-wetech-mentorship-program-demo-day-closing-ceremony-5462a15d1c88 Medium: Daring to Build – Highlights from the 2025 Wetech Mentorship Demo Day</ref> ==Ayyuka== Wetech tana tallafa wa mata 'yan kasuwa ta hanyar tarurrukan horaswa, damar samun kuɗaɗen tallafi, da gasa ta gabatar da ra'ayoyin kasuwanci da aka tsara domin ƙarfafa sabbin dabarun da mata ke jagoranta a tsarin fasahar Afirka. Ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da shirinta na farko na gwaji na pitch a shekarar 2021, wanda daga baya ya rikide zuwa gasar PitchHER a shekarar 2022, gasa ce ta shekara-shekara mai tsari wadda ke ba da kyaututtukan kuɗi tare da halartar masu zuba jari. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da ita, PitchHER ta samar da damar ganin ayyukan da mata waɗanda suka kafa kamfanoni a matakin farko suke gudanarwa tare da ba su damar samun kuɗaɗen tallafi. A cikin shekaru uku a jere, waɗanda suka lashe PitchHER sun shiga shirye-shiryen hanzarta bunƙasa kamfanoni na duniya waɗanda suka zuba daruruwan dubban daloli a cikin ayyukansu, yayin da wasu kuma suka yi nasarar samun kuɗaɗen tallafi ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwar masu zuba jari ta Wetech.<ref name="techcabal2022"/><ref name="Techpoint2024"/> == Manazarta == hgew16ugi9v830tgozq86lbv75g9ebf 0 166294 916048 2026-09-04T11:14:05Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364273686|Abbie McManus]]" 916048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbie Mary McManus''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1993) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Ingila wadda ta taɓa buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron]] baya ga Leicester City a gasar FA Women's Super League da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila . Ta kuma wakilci Ingila a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikinsa da Manchester City === McManus, haifaffiyar Prestwich, ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ɗan'uwanta Scott . Ta shiga ƙungiyar maza, sannan Bury Girls, inda aka sanya mata suna 'Yar wasan da ta fi samun ci gaba a 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Presentation Evening 2008 |url=http://www.burygirlsfc.co.uk/Presentation%08.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908073036/http://www.burygirlsfc.co.uk/Presentation%2008.htm |archive-date=8 September 2008 |access-date=10 March 2019 |publisher=Bury Girls F.C.}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu a kulob din FA Women's Premier League Northern Division Manchester City <ref name="retires">{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Abbie McManus: Former England, Man City and Leicester defender retires aged 30 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66942888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002153336/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66942888 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=August 8, 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> kuma ta kafa kanta a cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar League da kuma haura zuwa National Division a 2011–12 . [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7ljmb6wh7pnr2le31ytn2p81iggw40x 916049 916048 2026-09-04T11:14:47Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364273686|Abbie McManus]]" 916049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abbie Mary McManus''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga Janairu 1993) tsohuwar ƙwararriyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|'yar ƙwallon ƙafa ce]] ta Ingila wadda ta taɓa buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|mai tsaron]] baya ga Leicester City a gasar FA Women's Super League da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila . Ta kuma wakilci Ingila a ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 . == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikinsa da Manchester City === McManus, haifaffiyar Prestwich, ta fara buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da ɗan'uwanta Scott . Ta shiga ƙungiyar maza, sannan Bury Girls, inda aka sanya mata suna 'Yar wasan da ta fi samun ci gaba a 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 a shekarar 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Presentation Evening 2008 |url=http://www.burygirlsfc.co.uk/Presentation%08.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908073036/http://www.burygirlsfc.co.uk/Presentation%2008.htm |archive-date=8 September 2008 |access-date=10 March 2019 |publisher=Bury Girls F.C.}}</ref> Ta sanya hannu a kulob din FA Women's Premier League Northern Division Manchester City <ref name="retires">{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Abbie McManus: Former England, Man City and Leicester defender retires aged 30 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66942888 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002153336/https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66942888 |archive-date=October 2, 2023 |access-date=August 8, 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> kuma ta kafa kanta a cikin ƙungiyar da ta lashe gasar League da kuma haura zuwa National Division a 2011–12 . === Sheffield FC === A watan Agusta na 2013, McManus ta koma Sheffield FC, inda ta buga wasanni 13 a gasar Premier a kakar wasa daya a kulob din yayin da Sheffield ta lashe gasar FA Women's Premier League Northern Division . <ref name="retires" /> === Komawa Manchester City === Lokacin da Manchester City wadda [[Mansour bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Mansour]] ke marawa baya ta yi nasarar neman izinin shiga gasar cin kofin FA WSL a shekarar 2014, McManus ya koma kulob din. Ta fara buga wasa a babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Manchester City a watan Mayun 2014 da Everton a filin wasa na Etihad . <ref name="man_bio">{{Cite web |title=Abbie McManus |url=https://www.mancity.com/abbie-mcmanus#profile-bio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512175606/https://www.mancity.com/abbie-mcmanus#profile-bio |archive-date=12 May 2019 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=Manchester City}}</ref> Ta zura kwallonta ta farko a kungiyar a wasan da ta buga da Liverpool a gasar cin kofin WSL ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carroll |first=Heather |date=1 June 2014 |title=Liverpool Ladies May Round-Up – Highs and lows so far |url=http://www.thisisanfield.com/2014/06/liverpool-ladies-may-round-highs-lows-far/ |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=This is Anfield}}</ref> Ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da lashe Kofin WSL bayan ta doke Arsenal da ci 1-0 a wasan ƙarshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2015 |title=Man City Edge Conti Cup Encounter with Reds |url=http://www.thefa.com/news/2015/aug/30/manchester-city-2-0-liverpool-report-300815 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=England Football Association}}</ref> A watan Afrilun 2015, ta fafata a gasar cin kofin mata ta FA ta 2015–16 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=David |date=13 April 2015 |title=Man City Women draw Chelsea in FA Cup semi-finals |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/man-city-women-draw-chelsea-9035450 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> Chelsea ta fitar da Manchester City a wasan kusa da na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garry |first=Tom |date=4 May 2015 |title=FA Women's Cup: Chelsea Ladies 1–0 Manchester City Women |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/32553875 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> [[Fayil:20171004_UWCL_SKNMCW_6574.jpg|thumb| McManus (a ƙasa, tsakiya) kafin wasan Zakarun Turai na Mata na UEFA tsakanin Manchester City da SKN St. Poelten, Oktoba 2017]] A watan Agusta na 2016, ta samu rauni a idon sawunta wanda ya hana ta buga wasa a sauran kakar wasa ta FA WSL ta 2016. <ref name="bbc_020816">{{Cite web |date=2 August 2016 |title=Abbie McManus: Manchester City defender ruled out for season |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/36954815 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> A watan Disamba na 2016, ta sake sanya hannu da Manchester City. <ref name="manevening_071216">{{Cite web |date=7 December 2016 |title=Man City Women duo sign new deals with the club |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/transfer-news/man-city-women-mcmanus-campbell-12289014 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, ta fara buga gasar cin kofin zakarun mata ta UEFA a wasan da Manchester City ta doke Fortuna Hjørring da ci 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2017 |title=Fortuna Hjørring 0–1 Manchester City |url=https://us.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/03/23/europe/uefa-womens-champions-league/dbk-fortuna-hjorring/manchester-city-lfc/2375482/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903220949/https://us.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/03/23/europe/uefa-womens-champions-league/dbk-fortuna-hjorring/manchester-city-lfc/2375482/ |archive-date=3 September 2023 |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=soccerway.com |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garry |first=Tom |date=30 March 2017 |title=Man City bid for Champions League semi spot |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/live/football/39378686 |access-date=30 March 2017 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Ta amince ta tsawaita kwangilarta da Manchester City a watan Yunin 2018. === Manchester United === A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2019, McManus ta sanar da cewa za ta bar Manchester City, bayan ta shafe shekaru 12 a kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oatway |first=Caroline |date=17 May 2019 |title=Abbie McManus leaves City |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/mcwfc/mcwfc%20news/2019/may/man%20city%20abbie%20mcmanus%20left%20club |website=mancity.com |publisher=Manchester City}}</ref> Mako guda bayan haka, an sanar da cewa za ta koma Manchester United, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sills |first=Rob |date=18 June 2019 |title=Star discusses transfer from Man City to Manchester United |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/england-star-abbie-mcmanus-opens-16449599 |access-date=29 November 2022 |website=Manchester Evening News}}</ref> kungiyar da ta girma tana goyon baya, kafin kakar wasa ta 2019-20 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2019 |title=Abbie McManus: England defender joins Manchester United Women after Manchester City exit |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48398628 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abbie McManus agrees to sign for Manchester United Women |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/abbie-mcmanus-agrees-to-sign-for-manchester-united-women |website=ManUtd.com}}</ref> McManus ta fara buga wasa a Manchester United da Manchester City a gasar FA WSL a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 2019, rashin nasara 1-0 a wasan farko na Manchester Derby . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=7 September 2019 |title=Manchester City Women 1–0 Manchester United Women: Weir seals win in front of record WSL crowd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49533282 |access-date=7 September 2019 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Ta zura kwallonta ta farko a kungiyar a ranar 15 ga Janairun 2020 a wasan da suka doke Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion da ci 2-1 a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar cin kofin League Cup . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man Utd Women 2–1 Brighton Women match report 15 January 2020 |url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/man-utd-women-v-brighton-women-match-report-15-january-2020 |website=ManUtd.com}}</ref> Ta bar United a ƙarshen kakar wasa ta 2020-21 bayan ƙarewar kwangilarta. [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2vixbrstyh3meydwwkgi9lxml1e9pki 0 166295 916050 2026-09-04T11:15:26Z Santa MMD 23886 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370782828|Kerolin]]" 916050 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''''Kerolin''' Nicoli Isra'ila Ferraz''' (Brazilian Portuguese: [keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈ clar feˈʁas]; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Kerolin, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya na dama]] ko gaba ga ƙungiyar Ligue F [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] da Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Brazil.{{IPA|pt-BR|keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈɛw feˈʁas|lang}} A shekara ta 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan mata a Brasileirão ta Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Brazil, bayan ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 ga Ponte Preta . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=9 August 2019 |title=Elenco Feminino, Associação Atlética Ponte Preta |url=https://pontepreta.com.br/modalidades/galeria-de-fotos-detalhe/80 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=pontepreta.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2018 |title=Kerolin, da Ponte Preta, é eleita revelação do Brasileirão 2018 |url=http://www.lance.com.br/brasileirao/kerolin-ponte-preta-eleita-revelacao-2018.html |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=Lance! |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An ba ta suna NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa tare da Arewacin Carolina Courage a 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifiyarta ce ta haifi Kerolin kuma ta rabu da mahaifinta. Iyalin sun zauna a Bauru, sannan suka koma Campinas, inda suka zauna a gona saboda ba za su iya biyan haya ba. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12 an kwantar da ita a asibiti tare da osteomyelitis da Celulitis a kafaɗarta kuma an shawarce ta ta daina yin wasanni. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Kerolin na daga cikin matasa 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da yawa da suka fito daga tsarin matasa na Valinhos Futebol Clube, ƙungiyar mata da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin sashen wasanni da nishaɗi na hukuma kuma Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ce ta horar da ita. Valinhos ya amince da hadin gwiwa tare da Guarani FC a watan Janairun 2016, don shiga gasar zakarun mata ta 2016 a matsayin Guarani / Valinhos . Lokacin da Associação Atlética Ponte Preta ta yanke shawarar kafa sashen mata a cikin 2017, sun karɓi kulob din Valinhos, tare da Kerolin mai shekaru 17 daga cikin tawagar da suka gaji. An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau a gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2017 bayan ta zira kwallaye 10 a wasanni 21 ga 'yan wasan kusa da karshe na Ponte Preta . Daga nan aka tura ta aro zuwa Corinthians / Audax don nasarar da suka samu a shekarar 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017. Ta zira kwallaye a wasan da ta yi a kan Colo-Colo bayan da ta ci 0-0 a wasan karshe a Estadio Arsenio Erico, Asunción . A shekara ta 2018 ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 na Ponte Preta kuma an kira ta Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino "Revelação" (transl. ) a ƙarshen kyaututtuka na kakar. An ruwaito cewa kyawawan wasan kwaikwayon da Kerolin ta yi wa Ponte Preta da kungiyoyin matasa na kasa sun sanya ta zama manufa ta canja wuri ga sauran kungiyoyin Brazil, da kuma kungiyoyin masu sana'a a Faransa da China. Kungiyar Corinthians / Audax da aka haɗu wanda Kerolin ya taimaka wajen lashe Copa Libertadores ta 2017 ta rabu lokacin da Corinthians ta janye daga wannan haɗin gwiwa kuma ta kafa tawagar mata. Wannan ya bar Audax tare da rami a 2018 Copa Libertadores Femenina amma ba tare da wata kungiya ba. An yi yarjejeniya ga Valinhos (wanda ke wasa a matsayin Ponte Preta a gasa ta cikin gida) don wakiltar Audax a Copa Libertadores . Kerolin ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 4-0 a kan Peñarol, amma an kawar da Audax a matakin rukuni. Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras ta bukaci tawagar mata da gaggawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, yayin da suke fuskantar dakatar da su daga gasar Copa Libertadores ta maza a karkashin dokokin CONMEBOL wanda ke buƙatar duk mahalarta su gudanar da kungiyoyin mata. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta ga Palmeiras ta amince da tallafawa albashin 'yan wasan Valinhos da ma'aikatan, waɗanda za su yi amfani da sunan Palmeiras amma su ci gaba da wasa da horo a Valinhos. === Palmeiras da haramtacciyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi === A watan Janairun 2019 Kerolin ta amince da canja wurin zuwa Palmeiras, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda kuma ta sake shiga tare da kocinta ta baya Ana Lúcia Gonçalves . [1] A watan da ya biyo baya an sanar da cewa Kerolin ya kasa gwajin doping bayan gwajin da ya dace da GW1516 bayan ya buga wa Audax wasa a wasan da aka yi a Copa Libertadores Femenina na 2018.[2] Samfurin Kerolin ya nuna alamun GW1516. CONMEBOL ta ci gaba da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci a watan Yulin 2019, lokacin da aka kori kocin Palmeiras Gonçalves bisa zargin shiga cikin shari'o'in doping da ke shafar kungiyoyin da ta yi aiki a ciki kuma ba daidai ba ne a matsayin wakilin wasanni ga 'yan wasan da ke kula da ita.[3] Bayan sauraron kotun, an ba da Kerolin tare da haramtacciyar shekaru biyu wanda ya ƙare a watan Janairun 2021. === Madrid === A watan Afrilu na 2021, bayan da ta yi watsi da ita, Kerolin ta koma Madrid CFF. Ta shiga wasu 'yan wasan Brazil da yawa a kulob din Primera División na Spain, kuma ta gode wa [[Allah]] saboda damar da za ta sake fara aikinta na kwallon kafa. === Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina === [[Fayil:2023_NWSL_Challenge_Cup_final,_241.jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin taron bayan ya zira kwallaye a gasar cin kofin NWSL ta 20232023 NWSL Challenge Cup karshe]] A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2022, Kerolin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da North Carolina Courage . Ta fara bugawa kulob dinta a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan farko na Challenge Cup da NJ / NJ/NY Gotham FC a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. Ta zira kwallaye na farko a Courage a wasan karshe na Challenge Cup, ta buɗe a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Washington Spirit kuma an kira ta dan wasan da ya fi dacewa a wasan. Ta fara wasanni 13 a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta 2022 kuma ta zira kwallaye shida da hudu. A ƙarshen kakar, an sanya mata suna zuwa ƙungiyar NWSL Best XI ta biyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2023, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye na farko na NWSL a cikin nasara 5-0 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta ba da gudummawa ga kare Courage na Kofin Gwagwarmaya, inda ta zira kwallaye a wasan karshe da Racing Louisville. Yawan kwallaye 10 na yau da kullun shine na biyu kawai ga wanda ya lashe Golden Boot Sophia Smith, wanda ya jagoranci Courage don kammala kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta uku a cikin matsayi. Koyaya, ta sha wahala daga tsinkaye na baya kafin wasannin, kuma Courage ta rasa ga masu zakarun NJ / NY Gotham FC a zagaye na farko. Bayan kakar, an zabi Kerolin a matsayin dan wasan NWSL mafi mahimmanci, ya zama dan wasan Kudancin Amurka na farko da ya lashe kyautar.<ref name="MVP2023">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> Kerolin ta zira kwallaye a wasanta na biyu daga rauni a ranar 29 ga Satumba 2024, nasarar 3-1 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta buga wasanni shida a kulob din a kakar, tare da daya daga cikin uku da ta fara a cikin asarar 1-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Kansas City Current . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerolin 2024 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/ef1ec0d9/matchlogs/2024/Kerolin-Match-Logs |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Birnin Manchester === A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2025, kungiyar Super League ta mata ta Manchester City ta sanya hannu kan Kerolin har zuwa lokacin rani na shekara ta 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=City secure Kerolin Nicoli signature |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/kerolin-signs-for-man-city-63873148 |access-date=22 January 2025 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 3-1 a kan Leicester City a gasar cin Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gooseman |first=Adam |date=9 February 2025 |title=City beat Leicester to reach FA Cup quarter-finals |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/man-city-leicester-fa-cup-match-report-february-2025-63874534 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, ta zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-1 a kan Chelsea, ta zama dan wasa na farko da ya cimma wannan a kan zakara mai mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Kerolin crushes Chelsea’s WSL hopes to send Manchester City 11 points clear at top |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/kerolin-crushes-chelseas-wsl-hopes-to-send-manchester-city-11-points-clear-at-top-42340915 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 2026, Kerolin ta shiga kungiyar Ligue F ta [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] a kan tuntuɓar har zuwa 2030 don kuɗin da aka ruwaito kusan £ 1.3m, mafi girman kuɗin ga 'yar wasan Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=4 August 2026 |title=Man City lose forward Kerolin to Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c36de65dg2po |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Brasil_2x1_Canadá_(52505161355).jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin 2022]] Kerolin na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Guarani / Valinhos guda huɗu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Brazil ta kira don Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Kudancin Amurka ta 2016 . Ta kasance a cikin tawagar gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2016 a Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=do Nascimento Pereira |first=André |last2=Leme de Arruda |first2=Marcelo |date=1 December 2018 |title=SELEÇÃO BRASILEIRA SUB-17 FEMININA (WOMENS' U-17 BRAZILIAN NATIONAL TEAM) 2008-2018 |url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200818u17w.htm |access-date=10 August 2019 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku da ta buga a matsayin wakiltar tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Brazil a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 a Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 - Brazil |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225034722/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |archive-date=February 25, 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=www.fifa.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Babban kocin Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Brazil Vadão ya kira Kerolin a karo na farko a watan Satumbar 2018, don wasan sada zumunci da Ingila a Meadow Lane, [[Nottingham]] . Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko a wasan, ta bayyana a matsayin mai maye gurbin Debinha a minti na 56 a nasarar Brazil 1-0. Bayan ta shiga cikin babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa, tsohuwar abokiyar ƙungiyar Formiga ta yaba mata: "Kerolin tana da babbar makoma. Tana da baiwa da yawa kuma ba ta da tsoro. Idan ta riƙe ƙafafunta a ƙasa, za ta iya zuwa yadda take so. " Kerolin ba ta cancanci yin wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 ba saboda an dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga kwallon kafa kuma har yanzu tana jiran hukunci na ƙarshe daga CONMEBOL game da gwaje-gwajen doping da ta gaza. A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 2021, dakatarwar Kerolin ta ƙare kuma an kira ta cikin sansanin horar da tawagar kasa don kimantawa ta sabon kocin Brazil Pia Sundhage . Sundhage ya ce: "Na ji abubuwa masu kyau da yawa game da ita [Kerolin]. Ita fitacciyar 'yar wasa ce. Haka ne, ta kasance ba ta aiki ba har tsawon shekaru biyu, amma za mu ga yadda za ta yi. " Kerolin ta buga Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023, inda Brazil ta fadi a matakin rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill, Courtney |date=2 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Brazil crash out as Jamaica make history |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/fifa-womens-world-cup-2023-brazil-crash-out-as-jamaica-make-history |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Olympics}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, Kerolin ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=Courage to welcome home Olympians on Sept. 1 |url=https://www.nccourage.com/news/courage-to-welcome-home-olympians-on-sept-1/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=North Carolina Courage}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye daya a gasar, na karshe a Brazil ta ci Spain 4-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, amma ta rasa wasan karshe da Amurka ta rasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=Kerolin solta o verbo com vaga na final: "Criaram um monstro, deixaram o Brasil chegar" |url=https://ge.globo.com/olimpiadas/noticia/2024/08/06/kerolin-solta-o-verbo-com-vaga-na-final-criaram-um-monstro-deixaram-o-brasil-chegar.ghtml |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Contarin, Thaís |date=10 August 2024 |title=Prata com o Brasil, Kerolin quase amputou perna por infecção e andava sozinha por 40 minutos para treinar |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/blogs/dona-do-campinho/post/2019/07/29/kerolin-lembra-passado-de-luta-e-fala-sobre-acusacao-de-doping-esse-processo-vai-me-fortalecer.ghtml |access-date=11 August 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Globo]] |language=pt}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 31 May 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com">{{cite web |title=Brazil - Kerolin - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://my.soccerway.com/players/kerolin-nicoli-israel-ferraz/463940/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni{{Efn|[[NWSL Playoffs]]}} ! colspan="2" |Ƙungiyar Jiha{{Efn|[[Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL Challenge Cup]], [[FA Women's League Cup|Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Ponte Preta |2017 |Brasileirão Mata |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |4 |- |2018 |Brasileirão Mata |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |13 |5 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 ! colspan="2" |- !16 !7 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !40 !12 |- |Korantiyawa / Audax (lambar) |2017 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |4 |0 |- |Osasco Audax (rashin kuɗi) |2018 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[Copa Libertadores Femenina]]}} |1 |3 |1 |- |Itacen dabino |2019 |Brasileirão Mata |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Madrid CFF |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |10 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |14 |4 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !25 !5 |- | rowspan="4" |Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina |2022 |NWSL |13 |6 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |18 |7 |- |2023 |NWSL |19 |10 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |24 |11 |- |2024 |NWSL |5 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !37 !17 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !10 !2 !0 !0 !48 !19 |- | rowspan="3" |Birnin Manchester |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |11 |3 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |2 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]}} |0 |18 |4 |- |2025–26 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |15 |9 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |19 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !26 !12 !0 !0 !0 !0 !6 !1 !3 !1 !2 !0 !37 !14 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !111 !39 !1 !0 !16 !7 !7 !1 !13 !3 !9 !1 !157 !51 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 18 April 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="7" |Brazil |2018 |2 |0 |- |2021 |7 |5 |- |2022 |20 |0 |- |2023 |8 |0 |- |2024 |7 |1 |- |2025 |10 |6 |- |2026 |6 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !60 !15 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Brazil na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Kerolin.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kerolin ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |20 Satumba 2021 |Amigon, Paraíba, [[Brazil]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="4" |Arena da Amazonia, [[Manaus]], Brazil |{{Fbw|IND}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 | rowspan="4" |Gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa da kasa ta 2021 ta Manaus |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |28 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|VEN}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |1 ga Disamba 2021 |{{Fbw|CHI}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |6 ga watan Agusta 2024 |Filin wasa na Vélodrome, [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]] |{{Fbw|ESP}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–2 |Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024 |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |8 ga Afrilu 2025 |PayPal Park, San Jose, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |{{Fbw|USA}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | rowspan="3" |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |30 ga Mayu 2025 |Arena Corinthians, [[São Paulo]], Brazil |{{Fbw|JPN}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |27 Yuni 2025 |Filin wasa na Alps, [[Grenoble]], Faransa |{{Fbw|FRA}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–3 |- | style="text-align:center" |10 | rowspan="3" |16 ga Yulin 2025 | rowspan="3" |Filin wasa na Gonzalo Pozo Ripalda, [[Quito]], Ecuador | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|BOL}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |6–0 | rowspan="3" |2025 Kofin Amurka na Mata |- | style="text-align:center" |11 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |12 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |13 |27 Fabrairu 2026 |Filin wasa Alejandro Morera Soto, Alajuela, Costa Rica |{{Fbw|CRC}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–2 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |14 |11 ga Afrilu 2026 | rowspan="2" |Arena Pantanal, Cuiabá, Brazil |{{Fbw|KOR}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |Jerin FIFA na 2026 |- | style="text-align:center" |15 |14 ga Afrilu 2026 |{{Fbw|ZAM}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 |} == Daraja == '''Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2022, 2023 '''Birnin Manchester''' * Super League na mata: 2025-26 '''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelsey |first=George |title=City crowned WSL champions |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/City%20crowned%20WSL%20champions |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Manchester City FC |language=en}}</ref>''' * Kofin FA na Mata: 2025-26 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brighton & Hove Albion 0-4 Manchester City: WSL champions seal double |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/clypxzw8l93t |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Brazil''' * Kofin Amurka na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Brasil conquista su octava estrella en la CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina |url=https://www.conmebol.com/noticias/brasil-conquista-su-octava-estrella-en-la-conmebol-copa-america-femenina/ |publisher=CONMEBOL |language=es}}</ref> * Medal na azurfa na Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEROLIN |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812200037/https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |website=[[Paris 2024 Olympics]]}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * NWSL na farko XI: 2023 * NWSL na biyu XI: 2022 * NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Kerolina filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi) * Kerolina FBref.com * KerolinaOlympics.com * Kerolin Ferraza cikinKwamitin Olympics na Brazil (a cikin Portuguese) * Kerolina kanInstagram [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gpp3jh48y4bgjkf2hdaq7ivgd0e17zb 916051 916050 2026-09-04T11:15:44Z Santa MMD 23886 916051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''''''Kerolin''' Nicoli Isra'ila Ferraz''' (Brazilian Portuguese: [keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈ clar feˈʁas]; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Kerolin, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya na dama]] ko gaba ga ƙungiyar Ligue F [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] da Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Brazil.{{IPA|pt-BR|keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈɛw feˈʁas|lang}} A shekara ta 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan mata a Brasileirão ta Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Brazil, bayan ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 ga Ponte Preta . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=9 August 2019 |title=Elenco Feminino, Associação Atlética Ponte Preta |url=https://pontepreta.com.br/modalidades/galeria-de-fotos-detalhe/80 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=pontepreta.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2018 |title=Kerolin, da Ponte Preta, é eleita revelação do Brasileirão 2018 |url=http://www.lance.com.br/brasileirao/kerolin-ponte-preta-eleita-revelacao-2018.html |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=Lance! |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An ba ta suna NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa tare da Arewacin Carolina Courage a 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifiyarta ce ta haifi Kerolin kuma ta rabu da mahaifinta. Iyalin sun zauna a Bauru, sannan suka koma Campinas, inda suka zauna a gona saboda ba za su iya biyan haya ba. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12 an kwantar da ita a asibiti tare da osteomyelitis da Celulitis a kafaɗarta kuma an shawarce ta ta daina yin wasanni. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Kerolin na daga cikin matasa 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da yawa da suka fito daga tsarin matasa na Valinhos Futebol Clube, ƙungiyar mata da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin sashen wasanni da nishaɗi na hukuma kuma Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ce ta horar da ita. Valinhos ya amince da hadin gwiwa tare da Guarani FC a watan Janairun 2016, don shiga gasar zakarun mata ta 2016 a matsayin Guarani / Valinhos . Lokacin da Associação Atlética Ponte Preta ta yanke shawarar kafa sashen mata a cikin 2017, sun karɓi kulob din Valinhos, tare da Kerolin mai shekaru 17 daga cikin tawagar da suka gaji. An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau a gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2017 bayan ta zira kwallaye 10 a wasanni 21 ga 'yan wasan kusa da karshe na Ponte Preta . Daga nan aka tura ta aro zuwa Corinthians / Audax don nasarar da suka samu a shekarar 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017. Ta zira kwallaye a wasan da ta yi a kan Colo-Colo bayan da ta ci 0-0 a wasan karshe a Estadio Arsenio Erico, Asunción . A shekara ta 2018 ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 na Ponte Preta kuma an kira ta Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino "Revelação" (transl. ) a ƙarshen kyaututtuka na kakar. An ruwaito cewa kyawawan wasan kwaikwayon da Kerolin ta yi wa Ponte Preta da kungiyoyin matasa na kasa sun sanya ta zama manufa ta canja wuri ga sauran kungiyoyin Brazil, da kuma kungiyoyin masu sana'a a Faransa da China. Kungiyar Corinthians / Audax da aka haɗu wanda Kerolin ya taimaka wajen lashe Copa Libertadores ta 2017 ta rabu lokacin da Corinthians ta janye daga wannan haɗin gwiwa kuma ta kafa tawagar mata. Wannan ya bar Audax tare da rami a 2018 Copa Libertadores Femenina amma ba tare da wata kungiya ba. An yi yarjejeniya ga Valinhos (wanda ke wasa a matsayin Ponte Preta a gasa ta cikin gida) don wakiltar Audax a Copa Libertadores . Kerolin ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 4-0 a kan Peñarol, amma an kawar da Audax a matakin rukuni. Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras ta bukaci tawagar mata da gaggawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, yayin da suke fuskantar dakatar da su daga gasar Copa Libertadores ta maza a karkashin dokokin CONMEBOL wanda ke buƙatar duk mahalarta su gudanar da kungiyoyin mata. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta ga Palmeiras ta amince da tallafawa albashin 'yan wasan Valinhos da ma'aikatan, waɗanda za su yi amfani da sunan Palmeiras amma su ci gaba da wasa da horo a Valinhos. === Palmeiras da haramtacciyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi === A watan Janairun 2019 Kerolin ta amince da canja wurin zuwa Palmeiras, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda kuma ta sake shiga tare da kocinta ta baya Ana Lúcia Gonçalves . [1] A watan da ya biyo baya an sanar da cewa Kerolin ya kasa gwajin doping bayan gwajin da ya dace da GW1516 bayan ya buga wa Audax wasa a wasan da aka yi a Copa Libertadores Femenina na 2018.[2] Samfurin Kerolin ya nuna alamun GW1516. CONMEBOL ta ci gaba da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci a watan Yulin 2019, lokacin da aka kori kocin Palmeiras Gonçalves bisa zargin shiga cikin shari'o'in doping da ke shafar kungiyoyin da ta yi aiki a ciki kuma ba daidai ba ne a matsayin wakilin wasanni ga 'yan wasan da ke kula da ita.[3] Bayan sauraron kotun, an ba da Kerolin tare da haramtacciyar shekaru biyu wanda ya ƙare a watan Janairun 2021. === Madrid === A watan Afrilu na 2021, bayan da ta yi watsi da ita, Kerolin ta koma Madrid CFF. Ta shiga wasu 'yan wasan Brazil da yawa a kulob din Primera División na Spain, kuma ta gode wa [[Allah]] saboda damar da za ta sake fara aikinta na kwallon kafa. === Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina === [[Fayil:2023_NWSL_Challenge_Cup_final,_241.jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin taron bayan ya zira kwallaye a gasar cin kofin NWSL ta 20232023 NWSL Challenge Cup karshe]] A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2022, Kerolin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da North Carolina Courage . Ta fara bugawa kulob dinta a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan farko na Challenge Cup da NJ / NJ/NY Gotham FC a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. Ta zira kwallaye na farko a Courage a wasan karshe na Challenge Cup, ta buɗe a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Washington Spirit kuma an kira ta dan wasan da ya fi dacewa a wasan. Ta fara wasanni 13 a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta 2022 kuma ta zira kwallaye shida da hudu. A ƙarshen kakar, an sanya mata suna zuwa ƙungiyar NWSL Best XI ta biyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2023, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye na farko na NWSL a cikin nasara 5-0 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta ba da gudummawa ga kare Courage na Kofin Gwagwarmaya, inda ta zira kwallaye a wasan karshe da Racing Louisville. Yawan kwallaye 10 na yau da kullun shine na biyu kawai ga wanda ya lashe Golden Boot Sophia Smith, wanda ya jagoranci Courage don kammala kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta uku a cikin matsayi. Koyaya, ta sha wahala daga tsinkaye na baya kafin wasannin, kuma Courage ta rasa ga masu zakarun NJ / NY Gotham FC a zagaye na farko. Bayan kakar, an zabi Kerolin a matsayin dan wasan NWSL mafi mahimmanci, ya zama dan wasan Kudancin Amurka na farko da ya lashe kyautar.<ref name="MVP2023">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> Kerolin ta zira kwallaye a wasanta na biyu daga rauni a ranar 29 ga Satumba 2024, nasarar 3-1 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta buga wasanni shida a kulob din a kakar, tare da daya daga cikin uku da ta fara a cikin asarar 1-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Kansas City Current . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerolin 2024 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/ef1ec0d9/matchlogs/2024/Kerolin-Match-Logs |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Birnin Manchester === A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2025, kungiyar Super League ta mata ta Manchester City ta sanya hannu kan Kerolin har zuwa lokacin rani na shekara ta 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=City secure Kerolin Nicoli signature |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/kerolin-signs-for-man-city-63873148 |access-date=22 January 2025 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 3-1 a kan Leicester City a gasar cin Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gooseman |first=Adam |date=9 February 2025 |title=City beat Leicester to reach FA Cup quarter-finals |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/man-city-leicester-fa-cup-match-report-february-2025-63874534 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, ta zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-1 a kan Chelsea, ta zama dan wasa na farko da ya cimma wannan a kan zakara mai mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Kerolin crushes Chelsea’s WSL hopes to send Manchester City 11 points clear at top |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/kerolin-crushes-chelseas-wsl-hopes-to-send-manchester-city-11-points-clear-at-top-42340915 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 2026, Kerolin ta shiga kungiyar Ligue F ta [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] a kan tuntuɓar har zuwa 2030 don kuɗin da aka ruwaito kusan £ 1.3m, mafi girman kuɗin ga 'yar wasan Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=4 August 2026 |title=Man City lose forward Kerolin to Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c36de65dg2po |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Brasil_2x1_Canadá_(52505161355).jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin 2022]] Kerolin na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Guarani / Valinhos guda huɗu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Brazil ta kira don Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Kudancin Amurka ta 2016 . Ta kasance a cikin tawagar gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2016 a Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=do Nascimento Pereira |first=André |last2=Leme de Arruda |first2=Marcelo |date=1 December 2018 |title=SELEÇÃO BRASILEIRA SUB-17 FEMININA (WOMENS' U-17 BRAZILIAN NATIONAL TEAM) 2008-2018 |url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200818u17w.htm |access-date=10 August 2019 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku da ta buga a matsayin wakiltar tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Brazil a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 a Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 - Brazil |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225034722/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |archive-date=February 25, 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=www.fifa.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Babban kocin Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Brazil Vadão ya kira Kerolin a karo na farko a watan Satumbar 2018, don wasan sada zumunci da Ingila a Meadow Lane, [[Nottingham]] . Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko a wasan, ta bayyana a matsayin mai maye gurbin Debinha a minti na 56 a nasarar Brazil 1-0. Bayan ta shiga cikin babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa, tsohuwar abokiyar ƙungiyar Formiga ta yaba mata: "Kerolin tana da babbar makoma. Tana da baiwa da yawa kuma ba ta da tsoro. Idan ta riƙe ƙafafunta a ƙasa, za ta iya zuwa yadda take so. " Kerolin ba ta cancanci yin wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 ba saboda an dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga kwallon kafa kuma har yanzu tana jiran hukunci na ƙarshe daga CONMEBOL game da gwaje-gwajen doping da ta gaza. A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 2021, dakatarwar Kerolin ta ƙare kuma an kira ta cikin sansanin horar da tawagar kasa don kimantawa ta sabon kocin Brazil Pia Sundhage . Sundhage ya ce: "Na ji abubuwa masu kyau da yawa game da ita [Kerolin]. Ita fitacciyar 'yar wasa ce. Haka ne, ta kasance ba ta aiki ba har tsawon shekaru biyu, amma za mu ga yadda za ta yi. " Kerolin ta buga Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023, inda Brazil ta fadi a matakin rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill, Courtney |date=2 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Brazil crash out as Jamaica make history |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/fifa-womens-world-cup-2023-brazil-crash-out-as-jamaica-make-history |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Olympics}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, Kerolin ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=Courage to welcome home Olympians on Sept. 1 |url=https://www.nccourage.com/news/courage-to-welcome-home-olympians-on-sept-1/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=North Carolina Courage}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye daya a gasar, na karshe a Brazil ta ci Spain 4-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, amma ta rasa wasan karshe da Amurka ta rasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=Kerolin solta o verbo com vaga na final: "Criaram um monstro, deixaram o Brasil chegar" |url=https://ge.globo.com/olimpiadas/noticia/2024/08/06/kerolin-solta-o-verbo-com-vaga-na-final-criaram-um-monstro-deixaram-o-brasil-chegar.ghtml |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Contarin, Thaís |date=10 August 2024 |title=Prata com o Brasil, Kerolin quase amputou perna por infecção e andava sozinha por 40 minutos para treinar |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/blogs/dona-do-campinho/post/2019/07/29/kerolin-lembra-passado-de-luta-e-fala-sobre-acusacao-de-doping-esse-processo-vai-me-fortalecer.ghtml |access-date=11 August 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Globo]] |language=pt}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 31 May 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com">{{cite web |title=Brazil - Kerolin - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://my.soccerway.com/players/kerolin-nicoli-israel-ferraz/463940/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni{{Efn|[[NWSL Playoffs]]}} ! colspan="2" |Ƙungiyar Jiha{{Efn|[[Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL Challenge Cup]], [[FA Women's League Cup|Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Ponte Preta |2017 |Brasileirão Mata |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |4 |- |2018 |Brasileirão Mata |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |13 |5 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 ! colspan="2" |- !16 !7 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !40 !12 |- |Korantiyawa / Audax (lambar) |2017 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |4 |0 |- |Osasco Audax (rashin kuɗi) |2018 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[Copa Libertadores Femenina]]}} |1 |3 |1 |- |Itacen dabino |2019 |Brasileirão Mata |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Madrid CFF |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |10 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |14 |4 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !25 !5 |- | rowspan="4" |Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina |2022 |NWSL |13 |6 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |18 |7 |- |2023 |NWSL |19 |10 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |24 |11 |- |2024 |NWSL |5 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !37 !17 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !10 !2 !0 !0 !48 !19 |- | rowspan="3" |Birnin Manchester |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |11 |3 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |2 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]}} |0 |18 |4 |- |2025–26 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |15 |9 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |19 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !26 !12 !0 !0 !0 !0 !6 !1 !3 !1 !2 !0 !37 !14 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !111 !39 !1 !0 !16 !7 !7 !1 !13 !3 !9 !1 !157 !51 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 18 April 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="7" |Brazil |2018 |2 |0 |- |2021 |7 |5 |- |2022 |20 |0 |- |2023 |8 |0 |- |2024 |7 |1 |- |2025 |10 |6 |- |2026 |6 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !60 !15 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Brazil na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Kerolin.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kerolin ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |20 Satumba 2021 |Amigon, Paraíba, [[Brazil]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="4" |Arena da Amazonia, [[Manaus]], Brazil |{{Fbw|IND}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 | rowspan="4" |Gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa da kasa ta 2021 ta Manaus |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |28 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|VEN}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |1 ga Disamba 2021 |{{Fbw|CHI}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |6 ga watan Agusta 2024 |Filin wasa na Vélodrome, [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]] |{{Fbw|ESP}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–2 |Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024 |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |8 ga Afrilu 2025 |PayPal Park, San Jose, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |{{Fbw|USA}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | rowspan="3" |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |30 ga Mayu 2025 |Arena Corinthians, [[São Paulo]], Brazil |{{Fbw|JPN}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |27 Yuni 2025 |Filin wasa na Alps, [[Grenoble]], Faransa |{{Fbw|FRA}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–3 |- | style="text-align:center" |10 | rowspan="3" |16 ga Yulin 2025 | rowspan="3" |Filin wasa na Gonzalo Pozo Ripalda, [[Quito]], Ecuador | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|BOL}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |6–0 | rowspan="3" |2025 Kofin Amurka na Mata |- | style="text-align:center" |11 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |12 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |13 |27 Fabrairu 2026 |Filin wasa Alejandro Morera Soto, Alajuela, Costa Rica |{{Fbw|CRC}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–2 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |14 |11 ga Afrilu 2026 | rowspan="2" |Arena Pantanal, Cuiabá, Brazil |{{Fbw|KOR}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |Jerin FIFA na 2026 |- | style="text-align:center" |15 |14 ga Afrilu 2026 |{{Fbw|ZAM}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 |} == Daraja == '''Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2022, 2023 '''Birnin Manchester''' * Super League na mata: 2025-26 '''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelsey |first=George |title=City crowned WSL champions |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/City%20crowned%20WSL%20champions |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Manchester City FC |language=en}}</ref>''' * Kofin FA na Mata: 2025-26 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brighton & Hove Albion 0-4 Manchester City: WSL champions seal double |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/clypxzw8l93t |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Brazil''' * Kofin Amurka na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Brasil conquista su octava estrella en la CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina |url=https://www.conmebol.com/noticias/brasil-conquista-su-octava-estrella-en-la-conmebol-copa-america-femenina/ |publisher=CONMEBOL |language=es}}</ref> * Medal na azurfa na Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEROLIN |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812200037/https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |website=[[Paris 2024 Olympics]]}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * NWSL na farko XI: 2023 * NWSL na biyu XI: 2022 * NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Haɗin waje == * Kerolina filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi) * Kerolina FBref.com * KerolinaOlympics.com * Kerolin Ferraza cikinKwamitin Olympics na Brazil (a cikin Portuguese) * Kerolina kanInstagram [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9m79wu99btf7fx2ttt1c716uj7fjcm9 916052 916051 2026-09-04T11:16:10Z Santa MMD 23886 /* Bayanan da aka ambata */ 916052 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} ''''''Kerolin''' Nicoli Isra'ila Ferraz''' (Brazilian Portuguese: [keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈ clar feˈʁas]; an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Kerolin, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa na Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|mai tsakiya na dama]] ko gaba ga ƙungiyar Ligue F [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] da Ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Brazil.{{IPA|pt-BR|keɾoˈlĩ niˈkɔli izʁaˈɛw feˈʁas|lang}} A shekara ta 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasan mata a Brasileirão ta Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Brazil, bayan ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 ga Ponte Preta . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=9 August 2019 |title=Elenco Feminino, Associação Atlética Ponte Preta |url=https://pontepreta.com.br/modalidades/galeria-de-fotos-detalhe/80 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=pontepreta.com.br |language=pt-br}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2018 |title=Kerolin, da Ponte Preta, é eleita revelação do Brasileirão 2018 |url=http://www.lance.com.br/brasileirao/kerolin-ponte-preta-eleita-revelacao-2018.html |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=Lance! |language=pt-BR}}</ref> An ba ta suna NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa tare da Arewacin Carolina Courage a 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko == Mahaifiyarta ce ta haifi Kerolin kuma ta rabu da mahaifinta. Iyalin sun zauna a Bauru, sannan suka koma Campinas, inda suka zauna a gona saboda ba za su iya biyan haya ba. Lokacin da take 'yar shekara 12 an kwantar da ita a asibiti tare da osteomyelitis da Celulitis a kafaɗarta kuma an shawarce ta ta daina yin wasanni. == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === Kerolin na daga cikin matasa 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da yawa da suka fito daga tsarin matasa na Valinhos Futebol Clube, ƙungiyar mata da ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin sashen wasanni da nishaɗi na hukuma kuma Ana Lúcia Gonçalves ce ta horar da ita. Valinhos ya amince da hadin gwiwa tare da Guarani FC a watan Janairun 2016, don shiga gasar zakarun mata ta 2016 a matsayin Guarani / Valinhos . Lokacin da Associação Atlética Ponte Preta ta yanke shawarar kafa sashen mata a cikin 2017, sun karɓi kulob din Valinhos, tare da Kerolin mai shekaru 17 daga cikin tawagar da suka gaji. An zabe ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau a gasar Campeonato Paulista ta 2017 bayan ta zira kwallaye 10 a wasanni 21 ga 'yan wasan kusa da karshe na Ponte Preta . Daga nan aka tura ta aro zuwa Corinthians / Audax don nasarar da suka samu a shekarar 2017 Copa Libertadores Femenina a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2017. Ta zira kwallaye a wasan da ta yi a kan Colo-Colo bayan da ta ci 0-0 a wasan karshe a Estadio Arsenio Erico, Asunción . A shekara ta 2018 ta zira kwallaye 14 a wasanni 35 na Ponte Preta kuma an kira ta Campeonato Brasileiro de Futebol Feminino "Revelação" (transl. ) a ƙarshen kyaututtuka na kakar. An ruwaito cewa kyawawan wasan kwaikwayon da Kerolin ta yi wa Ponte Preta da kungiyoyin matasa na kasa sun sanya ta zama manufa ta canja wuri ga sauran kungiyoyin Brazil, da kuma kungiyoyin masu sana'a a Faransa da China. Kungiyar Corinthians / Audax da aka haɗu wanda Kerolin ya taimaka wajen lashe Copa Libertadores ta 2017 ta rabu lokacin da Corinthians ta janye daga wannan haɗin gwiwa kuma ta kafa tawagar mata. Wannan ya bar Audax tare da rami a 2018 Copa Libertadores Femenina amma ba tare da wata kungiya ba. An yi yarjejeniya ga Valinhos (wanda ke wasa a matsayin Ponte Preta a gasa ta cikin gida) don wakiltar Audax a Copa Libertadores . Kerolin ya zira kwallaye a nasarar 4-0 a kan Peñarol, amma an kawar da Audax a matakin rukuni. Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras ta bukaci tawagar mata da gaggawa a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018, yayin da suke fuskantar dakatar da su daga gasar Copa Libertadores ta maza a karkashin dokokin CONMEBOL wanda ke buƙatar duk mahalarta su gudanar da kungiyoyin mata. Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa ta ga Palmeiras ta amince da tallafawa albashin 'yan wasan Valinhos da ma'aikatan, waɗanda za su yi amfani da sunan Palmeiras amma su ci gaba da wasa da horo a Valinhos. === Palmeiras da haramtacciyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi === A watan Janairun 2019 Kerolin ta amince da canja wurin zuwa Palmeiras, ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekara guda kuma ta sake shiga tare da kocinta ta baya Ana Lúcia Gonçalves . [1] A watan da ya biyo baya an sanar da cewa Kerolin ya kasa gwajin doping bayan gwajin da ya dace da GW1516 bayan ya buga wa Audax wasa a wasan da aka yi a Copa Libertadores Femenina na 2018.[2] Samfurin Kerolin ya nuna alamun GW1516. CONMEBOL ta ci gaba da dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci a watan Yulin 2019, lokacin da aka kori kocin Palmeiras Gonçalves bisa zargin shiga cikin shari'o'in doping da ke shafar kungiyoyin da ta yi aiki a ciki kuma ba daidai ba ne a matsayin wakilin wasanni ga 'yan wasan da ke kula da ita.[3] Bayan sauraron kotun, an ba da Kerolin tare da haramtacciyar shekaru biyu wanda ya ƙare a watan Janairun 2021. === Madrid === A watan Afrilu na 2021, bayan da ta yi watsi da ita, Kerolin ta koma Madrid CFF. Ta shiga wasu 'yan wasan Brazil da yawa a kulob din Primera División na Spain, kuma ta gode wa [[Allah]] saboda damar da za ta sake fara aikinta na kwallon kafa. === Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina === [[Fayil:2023_NWSL_Challenge_Cup_final,_241.jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin taron bayan ya zira kwallaye a gasar cin kofin NWSL ta 20232023 NWSL Challenge Cup karshe]] A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2022, Kerolin ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru uku tare da North Carolina Courage . Ta fara bugawa kulob dinta a matsayin mai maye gurbin a wasan farko na Challenge Cup da NJ / NJ/NY Gotham FC a ranar 3 ga Afrilu. Ta zira kwallaye na farko a Courage a wasan karshe na Challenge Cup, ta buɗe a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Washington Spirit kuma an kira ta dan wasan da ya fi dacewa a wasan. Ta fara wasanni 13 a kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta 2022 kuma ta zira kwallaye shida da hudu. A ƙarshen kakar, an sanya mata suna zuwa ƙungiyar NWSL Best XI ta biyu. A ranar 10 ga watan Yunin 2023, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye na farko na NWSL a cikin nasara 5-0 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta ba da gudummawa ga kare Courage na Kofin Gwagwarmaya, inda ta zira kwallaye a wasan karshe da Racing Louisville. Yawan kwallaye 10 na yau da kullun shine na biyu kawai ga wanda ya lashe Golden Boot Sophia Smith, wanda ya jagoranci Courage don kammala kakar wasa ta yau da kullun ta uku a cikin matsayi. Koyaya, ta sha wahala daga tsinkaye na baya kafin wasannin, kuma Courage ta rasa ga masu zakarun NJ / NY Gotham FC a zagaye na farko. Bayan kakar, an zabi Kerolin a matsayin dan wasan NWSL mafi mahimmanci, ya zama dan wasan Kudancin Amurka na farko da ya lashe kyautar.<ref name="MVP2023">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> Kerolin ta zira kwallaye a wasanta na biyu daga rauni a ranar 29 ga Satumba 2024, nasarar 3-1 a kan Chicago Red Stars . Ta buga wasanni shida a kulob din a kakar, tare da daya daga cikin uku da ta fara a cikin asarar 1-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Kansas City Current . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kerolin 2024 Match Logs |url=https://fbref.com/en/players/ef1ec0d9/matchlogs/2024/Kerolin-Match-Logs |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=[[FBref.com]]}}</ref> === Birnin Manchester === A ranar 22 ga watan Janairun 2025, kungiyar Super League ta mata ta Manchester City ta sanya hannu kan Kerolin har zuwa lokacin rani na shekara ta 2028. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2025 |title=City secure Kerolin Nicoli signature |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/kerolin-signs-for-man-city-63873148 |access-date=22 January 2025 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> Wata daya bayan haka, a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, ta zira kwallaye na farko a nasarar 3-1 a kan Leicester City a gasar cin Kofin FA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gooseman |first=Adam |date=9 February 2025 |title=City beat Leicester to reach FA Cup quarter-finals |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/man-city-leicester-fa-cup-match-report-february-2025-63874534 |publisher=Manchester City F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga watan Fabrairun 2026, ta zira kwallaye a cikin nasara 5-1 a kan Chelsea, ta zama dan wasa na farko da ya cimma wannan a kan zakara mai mulki.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 February 2026 |title=Kerolin crushes Chelsea’s WSL hopes to send Manchester City 11 points clear at top |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/kerolin-crushes-chelseas-wsl-hopes-to-send-manchester-city-11-points-clear-at-top-42340915 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> === Barcelona === A ranar 4 ga watan Agustan 2026, Kerolin ta shiga kungiyar Ligue F ta [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] a kan tuntuɓar har zuwa 2030 don kuɗin da aka ruwaito kusan £ 1.3m, mafi girman kuɗin ga 'yar wasan Brazil.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sanders |first=Emma |date=4 August 2026 |title=Man City lose forward Kerolin to Barcelona |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c36de65dg2po |publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Brasil_2x1_Canadá_(52505161355).jpg|thumb|Kerolin a cikin 2022]] Kerolin na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Guarani / Valinhos guda huɗu da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasa da shekara 17 ta Brazil ta kira don Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Kudancin Amurka ta 2016 . Ta kasance a cikin tawagar gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2016 a Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=do Nascimento Pereira |first=André |last2=Leme de Arruda |first2=Marcelo |date=1 December 2018 |title=SELEÇÃO BRASILEIRA SUB-17 FEMININA (WOMENS' U-17 BRAZILIAN NATIONAL TEAM) 2008-2018 |url=https://rsssfbrasil.com/sel/brazil200818u17w.htm |access-date=10 August 2019 |publisher=[[Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation]] |language=Portuguese}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Kerolin ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku da ta buga a matsayin wakiltar tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta Brazil a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 a Faransa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup France 2018 - Brazil |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225034722/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/teams/team/1888622/ |archive-date=February 25, 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019 |website=www.fifa.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Babban kocin Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Brazil Vadão ya kira Kerolin a karo na farko a watan Satumbar 2018, don wasan sada zumunci da Ingila a Meadow Lane, [[Nottingham]] . Ta sami lambar yabo ta farko a wasan, ta bayyana a matsayin mai maye gurbin Debinha a minti na 56 a nasarar Brazil 1-0. Bayan ta shiga cikin babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa, tsohuwar abokiyar ƙungiyar Formiga ta yaba mata: "Kerolin tana da babbar makoma. Tana da baiwa da yawa kuma ba ta da tsoro. Idan ta riƙe ƙafafunta a ƙasa, za ta iya zuwa yadda take so. " Kerolin ba ta cancanci yin wasa a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 ba saboda an dakatar da ita na ɗan lokaci daga kwallon kafa kuma har yanzu tana jiran hukunci na ƙarshe daga CONMEBOL game da gwaje-gwajen doping da ta gaza. A ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 2021, dakatarwar Kerolin ta ƙare kuma an kira ta cikin sansanin horar da tawagar kasa don kimantawa ta sabon kocin Brazil Pia Sundhage . Sundhage ya ce: "Na ji abubuwa masu kyau da yawa game da ita [Kerolin]. Ita fitacciyar 'yar wasa ce. Haka ne, ta kasance ba ta aiki ba har tsawon shekaru biyu, amma za mu ga yadda za ta yi. " Kerolin ta buga Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2023, inda Brazil ta fadi a matakin rukuni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill, Courtney |date=2 August 2023 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup 2023: Brazil crash out as Jamaica make history |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/fifa-womens-world-cup-2023-brazil-crash-out-as-jamaica-make-history |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Olympics}}</ref> A shekara ta 2024, Kerolin ta lashe lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2024 |title=Courage to welcome home Olympians on Sept. 1 |url=https://www.nccourage.com/news/courage-to-welcome-home-olympians-on-sept-1/ |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=North Carolina Courage}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye daya a gasar, na karshe a Brazil ta ci Spain 4-2 a wasan kusa da na karshe, amma ta rasa wasan karshe da Amurka ta rasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2024 |title=Kerolin solta o verbo com vaga na final: "Criaram um monstro, deixaram o Brasil chegar" |url=https://ge.globo.com/olimpiadas/noticia/2024/08/06/kerolin-solta-o-verbo-com-vaga-na-final-criaram-um-monstro-deixaram-o-brasil-chegar.ghtml |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Globo Esporte |language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Contarin, Thaís |date=10 August 2024 |title=Prata com o Brasil, Kerolin quase amputou perna por infecção e andava sozinha por 40 minutos para treinar |url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/blogs/dona-do-campinho/post/2019/07/29/kerolin-lembra-passado-de-luta-e-fala-sobre-acusacao-de-doping-esse-processo-vai-me-fortalecer.ghtml |access-date=11 August 2024 |publisher=[[Rede Globo]] |language=pt}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|match played 31 May 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com">{{cite web |title=Brazil - Kerolin - Profile with news, career statistics and history |url=https://my.soccerway.com/players/kerolin-nicoli-israel-ferraz/463940/ |website=Soccerway |access-date=22 January 2025}}</ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni{{Efn|[[NWSL Playoffs]]}} ! colspan="2" |Ƙungiyar Jiha{{Efn|[[Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa{{Efn|Includes [[Copa de la Reina]], [[Women's FA Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Kofin League{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL Challenge Cup]], [[FA Women's League Cup|Women's League Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Ponte Preta |2017 |Brasileirão Mata |14 |2 | colspan="2" | - |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |4 |- |2018 |Brasileirão Mata |10 |3 | colspan="2" | - |13 |5 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 ! colspan="2" |- !16 !7 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !40 !12 |- |Korantiyawa / Audax (lambar) |2017 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |4 |0 |4 |0 |- |Osasco Audax (rashin kuɗi) |2018 |Brasileirão Mata | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[Copa Libertadores Femenina]]}} |1 |3 |1 |- |Itacen dabino |2019 |Brasileirão Mata |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 |0 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Madrid CFF |2020–21 |Sashe na Farko |10 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |1 |- |2021–22 |Sashe na Farko |14 |4 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !24 !5 !0 !0 !0 !0 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !25 !5 |- | rowspan="4" |Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina |2022 |NWSL |13 |6 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |18 |7 |- |2023 |NWSL |19 |10 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |5 |1 | colspan="2" | - |24 |11 |- |2024 |NWSL |5 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !37 !17 !1 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !10 !2 !0 !0 !48 !19 |- | rowspan="3" |Birnin Manchester |2024–25 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |11 |3 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |1 |2 |0 |2{{Efn|Appearance(s) in [[UEFA Women's Champions League]]}} |0 |18 |4 |- |2025–26 |Kungiyar Mata ta Super League |15 |9 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |1 |1 | colspan="2" | - |19 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !26 !12 !0 !0 !0 !0 !6 !1 !3 !1 !2 !0 !37 !14 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !111 !39 !1 !0 !16 !7 !7 !1 !13 !3 !9 !1 !157 !51 |} {{Notelist}} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 18 April 2026}}<ref name="my.soccerway.com"/> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="7" |Brazil |2018 |2 |0 |- |2021 |7 |5 |- |2022 |20 |0 |- |2023 |8 |0 |- |2024 |7 |1 |- |2025 |10 |6 |- |2026 |6 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !60 !15 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Brazil na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Kerolin.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Kerolin ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |20 Satumba 2021 |Amigon, Paraíba, [[Brazil]] |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |26 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="4" |Arena da Amazonia, [[Manaus]], Brazil |{{Fbw|IND}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 | rowspan="4" |Gasar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa da kasa ta 2021 ta Manaus |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |28 Nuwamba 2021 | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|VEN}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |1 ga Disamba 2021 |{{Fbw|CHI}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |6 ga watan Agusta 2024 |Filin wasa na Vélodrome, [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]] |{{Fbw|ESP}} | style="text-align:center" |4–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–2 |Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024 |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |8 ga Afrilu 2025 |PayPal Park, San Jose, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] |{{Fbw|USA}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | rowspan="3" |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |30 ga Mayu 2025 |Arena Corinthians, [[São Paulo]], Brazil |{{Fbw|JPN}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |27 Yuni 2025 |Filin wasa na Alps, [[Grenoble]], Faransa |{{Fbw|FRA}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–3 |- | style="text-align:center" |10 | rowspan="3" |16 ga Yulin 2025 | rowspan="3" |Filin wasa na Gonzalo Pozo Ripalda, [[Quito]], Ecuador | rowspan="3" |{{Fbw|BOL}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center" |6–0 | rowspan="3" |2025 Kofin Amurka na Mata |- | style="text-align:center" |11 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |12 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |13 |27 Fabrairu 2026 |Filin wasa Alejandro Morera Soto, Alajuela, Costa Rica |{{Fbw|CRC}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–2 |Abokantaka |- | style="text-align:center" |14 |11 ga Afrilu 2026 | rowspan="2" |Arena Pantanal, Cuiabá, Brazil |{{Fbw|KOR}} | style="text-align:center" |4–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |Jerin FIFA na 2026 |- | style="text-align:center" |15 |14 ga Afrilu 2026 |{{Fbw|ZAM}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |6–1 |} == Daraja == '''Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina''' * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2022, 2023 '''Birnin Manchester''' * Super League na mata: 2025-26 '''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelsey |first=George |title=City crowned WSL champions |url=https://www.mancity.com/news/womens/City%20crowned%20WSL%20champions |access-date=2026-05-07 |website=Manchester City FC |language=en}}</ref>''' * Kofin FA na Mata: 2025-26 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brighton & Hove Albion 0-4 Manchester City: WSL champions seal double |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/clypxzw8l93t |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Brazil''' * Kofin Amurka na Mata: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2022 |title=Brasil conquista su octava estrella en la CONMEBOL Copa América Femenina |url=https://www.conmebol.com/noticias/brasil-conquista-su-octava-estrella-en-la-conmebol-copa-america-femenina/ |publisher=CONMEBOL |language=es}}</ref> * Medal na azurfa na Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=12 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KEROLIN |url=https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812200037/https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/-kerolin_1967602 |archive-date=12 August 2024 |website=[[Paris 2024 Olympics]]}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * NWSL na farko XI: 2023 * NWSL na biyu XI: 2022 * NWSL Mafi Kyawun Mai kunnawa: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2023 |title=North Carolina Courage Attacker Kerolin Named 2023 NWSL Most Valuable Player Presented by Bud Light |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/north-carolina-courage-attacker-kerolin-named-2023-nwsl-most-valuable-player-presented-by-bud-light |access-date=November 10, 2023 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Kerolina filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi) * Kerolina FBref.com * KerolinaOlympics.com * Kerolin Ferraza cikinKwamitin Olympics na Brazil (a cikin Portuguese) * Kerolina kanInstagram [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nsbjrl75jn99uxms9jqwm8gnnatk4dz 0 166296 916054 2026-09-04T11:23:42Z Santa MMD 23886 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370193609|Jaedyn Shaw]]" 916054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jaedyn Reese Shaw''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ko mai kai hari a tsakiya na Gotham FC na Ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) da ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Amurka. Shaw ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Wave yana da shekaru 17 a 2022, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a NWSL a lokacin. A cikin 2023, ta taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe NWSL Shield kuma an sanya masa suna zuwa NWSL Best XI . Bayan shekaru uku a San Diego, ta koma Arewacin Carolina Courage kafin ta shiga Gotham FC a cikin cinikin rikodin intraleague, ta lashe gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025 a kakar wasa ta farko tare da Bats.Shaw ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Wave yana da shekaru 17 a 2022, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a NWSL a lokacin. A cikin 2023, ta taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe NWSL Shield kuma an sanya masa suna zuwa NWSL Best XI . Bayan shekaru uku a San Diego, ta koma Arewacin Carolina Courage kafin ta shiga Gotham FC a cikin cinikin rikodin intraleague, ta lashe gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025 a kakar wasa ta farko tare da Bats. Bayan ta wakilci Amurka a kungiyoyin 'yan kasa da shekara 19, 'yan kasa le shekara 19 da' yan kasa da shekara 20, ta fara bugawa a shekarar 2023. Ta lashe zinare tare da tawagar a gasar Olympics ta Paris ta 2024. An ba ta suna 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka ta shekara a shekarar 2022. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta kuma ta girma a [[Frisco, Texas]], Shaw, 'yar'uwarta, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta an haife su ne ga mahaifiyarsu ta Vietnamese, Ann da mahaifin Black, Lance . <ref name="si_071224">{{Cite web |last=Brennan, Clare |date=July 12, 2024 |title=The Olympics Are Just the Beginning for Young USWNT Star Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.si.com/olympics/paris-games-are-just-thebeginning-uswnt-star-jaedyn-shaw |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Yayinda take 'yar shekara biyu, za ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi wasa yayin halartar wasannin' yar'uwarta.<ref name="goal_0323">{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Jaedyn Shaw: Inside the rise of the NWSL's teenage star set for USWNT honors |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/jaedyn-shaw-inside-rise-nwsl-teenage-star-uswnt-honors/blt1aea5492c9f55a59 |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Jaedyn yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Iyayenta sun sadaukar da abubuwa da yawa don tallafawa burin Jaedyn. Mahaifiyarta ta lura, "Kawai a bayyane yake, akwai shekara ko biyu inda dukkanmu huɗunmu muke zaune a cikin ɗaki ɗaya don mu iya samun damar fita daga gari, daga jihar, daga ƙasar. Ni da mijina sun sanya rayuwarmu a baya - babu hutu, babu wata amarya, babu wani abu - don mu iya magance nauyin kudi da ya zo tare da damar. Na san wannan manufar Allah ce a gare ta, haka, ta haka, ta zo tare da masu horar da masu horarwa, masu horarwar kasuwanci, ta musamman, ta san cewa a ƙarshe ba za su da yawa daga irin wannan hadayarsu ba.<ref name="goal_0323" />A wani bangare na ƙuruciyarta, ta zauna a cikin tubalan biyu daga Filin wasa na Toyota inda Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Amurka ke zaune kuma FC Dallas ke wasa kuma tana da abubuwan tunawa da yawa game da filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teenager Jaedyn Shaw helps the US women to a 2-1 victory over China in year-ending exhibition match |url=https://www.news10.com/sports/ap-teenager-jaedyn-shaw-helps-the-us-women-to-a-2-1-victory-over-china-in-year-ending-exhibition-match/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=ABC News 10}}</ref> Shaw ya buga wa kungiyar ECNL Solar SC daga shekaru biyar zuwa takwas.<ref name="sandiegomag-0624">{{Cite web |title=The Young Locals Leading the Wave of Next-Gen Athletes |url=https://sandiegomagazine.com/features/young-athletes-leading-the-san-diego-sports-scene/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=San Diego Magazine}}</ref> Daga baya ta buga wa kungiyar matasa ta FC Dallas kuma ta taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 15 a shekarar 2018.<ref name="NBCDFW-0424">{{Cite web |last=Harris, Laura |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Frisco's Jaedyn Shaw hopes to score a spot on the USWNT for the Paris Olympics |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/paris-2024-summer-olympics/jaedyn-shaw-texas-soccer-2024-olympics/3525534/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=NBCDFW}}</ref> Shaw kuma ta buga futsal kuma ta yaba da shi don ci gaba mai yawa a cikin wasanta, "Na buga futsalsal sosai har sai na tura watakila 12. Ina tsammanin ya taimaka mini sosai da fasaha kuma na iya ganin wasan daban. "<ref name="espn-futsal-101723">{{Cite web |last=Hernandez, Cesar |date=October 17, 2023 |title=How family and futsal took Jaedyn Shaw to San Diego, USWNT |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, yana da shekaru 14, Shaw ya yi alkawarin shiga Tar Heels na Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill tun daga kakar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2019 |title=SSF News |url=https://www.sealysoccerfactory.com/news-old.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327103202/https://www.sealysoccerfactory.com/news-old.html |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=March 27, 2023 |publisher=Sealy Soccer Factory}}</ref> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, an gayyaci Shaw don horar da kulob din Faransanci na farko, Paris Saint-Germain . <ref name="goal_0323" /> A matakin matasa, ta buga wa FC Dallas da Solar SC wasa. A cikin 2022, an kiyasta Shaw a matsayin na biyu mafi girma a cikin aji na makarantar sakandare na 2023 ta Top Drawer Soccer .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaedyn Shaw Signs With San Diego Wave FC &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/jaedyn-shaw-signs-with-san-diego-wave-fc_aid51003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108073709/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/jaedyn-shaw-signs-with-san-diego-wave-fc_aid51003 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaw Bags First Goal in Professional Debut &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/shaw-bags-first-goal-in-professional-debut_aid51047 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184638/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/shaw-bags-first-goal-in-professional-debut_aid51047 |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin bazara na 2022, ta shiga Washington Spirit don kafin kakar wasa kuma an ambaci sunanta a cikin jerin sunayen kulob din na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jason |date=February 1, 2022 |title=Washington Spirit announce initial preseason roster |url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2022/2/1/22913157/washington-spirit-2022-nwsl-preseason-roster-amber-brooks-samantha-murphy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108073703/https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2022/2/1/22913157/washington-spirit-2022-nwsl-preseason-roster-amber-brooks-samantha-murphy |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Black And Red United |language=en}}</ref> === Ruwa na San Diego === [[Fayil:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_074_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Shaw tare da San Diego Wave a cikin 2024]] A watan Yulin 2022, Shaw ta sanya hannu a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) ta San Diego Wave FC bayan an ba ta izinin shiga NWSL ta hanyar tsarin binciken da ya ba da damar gyare-gyaren ƙuntata shekarun leagues.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NWSL's San Diego Wave FC signs 17-year-old USYNT star Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/nwsl-club-san-diego-wave-fc-signs-17-year-old-usynt-star-jaedyn-shaw/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106200004/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/nwsl-club-san-diego-wave-fc-signs-17-year-old-usynt-star-jaedyn-shaw/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Jaedyn Shaw to enter NWSL as league reviews age restriction policy |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-soccer-jaedyn-shaw-age-restriction-policy-olivia-moultrie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106202724/https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-soccer-jaedyn-shaw-age-restriction-policy-olivia-moultrie/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwanaki goma sha uku bayan sanya hannu tare da kulob din, a ranar 30 ga Yuli, Shaw ya fara wasan NWSL na Wave da Chicago Red Stars . Ita ce 'yar wasa ta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da ta yi gasa a NWSL a lokacin tana da shekaru 17, watanni takwas. Bayan ta zira kwallaye ga tawagarta a minti na 27, ta zama 'yar wasan NWSL mafi ƙanƙanta da ta zira kwallan a karon farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |last3= |date=August 5, 2022 |title=Column: San Diego Wave have fast riser in teenager Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/wave/story/2022-08-05/alex-morgan-nwsl-jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-wave |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106201506/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/wave/story/2022-08-05/alex-morgan-nwsl-jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-wave |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=July 31, 2022 |title=San Diego's Jaedyn Shaw scores game-winner in first NWSL start |url=https://justwomenssports.com/san-diego-wave-jaedyn-shaw-game-winner-first-nwsl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106202608/https://justwomenssports.com/san-diego-wave-jaedyn-shaw-game-winner-first-nwsl/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2022 |title=USYNT star Jaedyn Shaw scores for San Diego Wave on NWSL debut |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2022/07/30/jaedyn-shaw-first-nwsl-goal-san-diego-wave/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184624/https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2022/07/30/jaedyn-shaw-first-nwsl-goal-san-diego-wave/ |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Chris |date=July 31, 2022 |title=17-Year-Old Jaedyn Shaw Leads Wave Win: Youngest to Score in NWSL Debut |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/07/30/17-year-old-jaedyn-shaw-leads-wave-win-youngest-to-score-in-nwsl-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108165138/https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/07/30/17-year-old-jaedyn-shaw-leads-wave-win-youngest-to-score-in-nwsl-debut/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Times of San Diego |language=en-US}}</ref> Shaw ta ci gaba da zira kwallaye a kan Washington Spirit da Angel City a watan Satumba, inda ta kai kwallaye uku a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Chris |date=September 18, 2022 |title=Largest Crowd in NWSL History Roars Approval of Wave in Snapdragon Debut |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/09/17/largest-crowd-in-nwsl-history-roars-approval-of-wave-in-snapdragon-debut/ |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Times of San Diego |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2022 |title=Angel City FC falls short against San Diego Wave FC in front of record-setting crowd |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2022/09/18/angel-city-fc-falls-short-against-san-diego-wave-fc-in-front-of-record-setting-crowd |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu a tarihin NWSL da ta ci kwallaye a kowane wasanni uku na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wave |first=San Diego |date=September 18, 2022 |title=SAN DIEGO WAVE FC DEFEATS SO-CAL RIVAL ANGEL CITY FC IN FRONT OF SOLD-OUT CROWD |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeats-so-cal-rival-angel-city-fc-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108172758/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeats-so-cal-rival-angel-city-fc-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=San Diego Wave Fútbol Club |language=en-US}}</ref> Shaw ta gama kakar wasa ta farko tare da kwallaye 3 a wasanni 7. A watan Agustan 2023, Shaw ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru da yawa tare da Wave ta hanyar kakar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wave |first=San Diego |date=August 3, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave FC Signs Jaedyn Shaw to New Contract |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-signs-jaedyn-shaw-to-new-contract/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022231649/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-signs-jaedyn-shaw-to-new-contract/ |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |access-date=October 17, 2023 |website=San Diego Wave Fútbol Club |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin kakar 2023, Shaw ya zira kwallaye da yawa a matsayin matashi a tarihin NWSL kuma ya taimaka wa Wave ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=How 18-year-old Jaedyn Shaw became NWSL's, USWNT's next big thing |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017152222/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=October 17, 2023 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina === A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, an sayar da Shaw ga kungiyar Arewacin Carolina Courage don $ 300,000 a cikin kuɗin rabawa, $ 150,000 a cikin kudaden canja wurin intraleague, da kuma wani wuri na kasa da kasa a cikin lokutan 2025 da 2026, tare da yiwuwar ƙarin kari. Ta taba horar da ita tare da NC Courage Academy a karkashin kocin yanzu Sean Nahas, wanda ya ba da shawara don sanya hannu. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, ta fara gabatar da Courage a ranar farko ta kakar a 1-1 draw tare da Racing Louisville, kuma ta 50th career-reason-a-lokaci bayyana. Duk da tsammanin Shaw ya haɗu da kyau tare da abokan aiki Ashley Sanchez da Manaka Matsukubo, ta yi ƙoƙari ta daidaita zuwa sabon kulob din kuma an juya ta cikin da fita daga jerin farawa.[5][6] A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, ta fito daga benci don zira kwallaye na farko na Courage, ta daidaita a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Houston Dash.[7] A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, wata daya bayan an kori Nahas, ta buga wasan karshe na Courage, inda ta zira kwallaye a 1-1 tare da Utah Royals. Ta buga wasanni 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye 3 a kulob din. === Gotham FC === A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2025, an sayar da Shaw ga Gotham FC don $ 1.25m a cikin kudaden canja wurin intraleague, inda aka kafa sabon rikodin canja wurin intraLeague. Ta fara zira kwallaye a washegari a nasarar 2-0 a kan tsohon kulob din San Diego Wave . A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba, ta zira kwallaye da kuma taimakawa a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ta kai Gotham zuwa nasarar 2-1 a kan NWSL Shield Kansas City Current a karin lokaci. A wasan kusa da na karshe, ta zira kwallaye a cikin sakanni na ƙarshe don samun nasara 1-0 a kan mai kare Orlando Pride . Ta zama zakara ta NWSL bayan Gotham ta ci 1-0 a kan Washington Spirit a wasan karshe, ta zama iri takwas na farko da ya lashe gasar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Jaedyn_Shaw_USWNT_vs_Italy_Nov_28_2025-205_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Shaw tare da Amurka a cikin 2025]] Shaw ta kasance daga cikin tawagar U-15 a gasar zakarun mata ta kasa da shekaru 15 ta CONCACAF a shekarar 2018. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa tawagar zuwa taken da kuma lashe kyautar kwallon zinare a matsayin mafi kyawun dan wasan gasar. Ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasan karshe na gasar wanda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa nasarar 3-0 a kan Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Kat Rader & The USGNT wins u15 CONCACAF Championship |url=https://fc-prime.demosphere-secure.com/kat-rader-the-usgnt-wins-u15-concacaf-championship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083725/https://fc-prime.demosphere-secure.com/kat-rader-the-usgnt-wins-u15-concacaf-championship |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Football Club Prime Inc.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2021 |title=United States claims Division 1 title at CONCACAF Girls' Under-15 Championship |url=https://www.concacaf.com/under-15-girls/article/united-states-claims-division-1-title-at-concacaf-girls-under-15-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083750/https://www.concacaf.com/under-15-girls/article/united-states-claims-division-1-title-at-concacaf-girls-under-15-championship/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Concacaf}}</ref> A farkon 2020, Shaw ta zama mai farawa ga U-20, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku don taimakawa tawagar ta lashe Kofin Mata na Kudu a Aubagne, Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team wins Sud Ladies Cup title |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-20-womens-youth-national-team-wins-2022-sud-ladies-cup-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083739/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-20-womens-youth-national-team-wins-2022-sud-ladies-cup-title/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Bayan haka, an sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka U-20 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2022. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan NWSL guda biyu da suka buga wa U20 USWNT a gasar cin kofin duniya ta U20. Shaw ta karbi kiranta na farko zuwa babbar kungiyar a watan Satumbar 2023 kuma ta fara bugawa wata daya bayan haka a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2023, a wasan sada zumunci da Colombia a Sandy, Utah . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrick |first=Buzz |date=2023-09-12 |title=DFW local Jaedyn Shaw receives first call-up to the US Women's National Team |url=https://3rddegree.net/dfw-local-jaedyn-shaw-receives-first-call-up-to-the-us-womens-national-team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191256/https://3rddegree.net/dfw-local-jaedyn-shaw-receives-first-call-up-to-the-us-womens-national-team |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=3rd Degree |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=2023-10-27 |title=Jaedyn Shaw makes 'well-earned' first USWNT appearance |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-first-cap-appearance-san-diego-wave-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191255/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-first-cap-appearance-san-diego-wave-2023/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ta zira kwallaye na farko ga USWNT a [[San Diego]], California, a karo na biyu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2023, a wani sada zumunci da Colombia wanda ya ƙare a nasarar 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT defeats Colombia 3–0 as Mia Fishel and Jaedyn Shaw score first goals |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/uswnt-defeats-colombia-3-0-as-mia-fishel-and-jaedyn-shaw-score-first-career-goals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191257/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/uswnt-defeats-colombia-3-0-as-mia-fishel-and-jaedyn-shaw-score-first-career-goals/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na biyu a garinsu na Frisco, Texas wata daya bayan haka a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2023, wanda ya lashe wasan a dawowa da kasar Sin wanda ya ƙare a matsayin nasara 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=J. W. S. |date=2023-12-05 |title=Jaedyn Shaw scores game-winning goal in USWNT's 2023 finale |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/uswnt-china-jaedyn-shaw-sam-coffey-korbin-albert/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191256/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/uswnt-china-jaedyn-shaw-sam-coffey-korbin-albert/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> An sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 don gasar cin kofin zinare ta CONCACAF ta 2024. A lokacin gasar Shaw ya buga wasanni 6 kuma ya zira kwallaye 4, ya zama dan wasa na farko a tarihin USWNT don zira kwallayen a farkon hudu na tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=2024-03-07 |title=Jaedyn Shaw sets USWNT record with goals in first four starts – Equalizer Soccer |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/quick-update/jaedyn-shaw-sets-uswnt-record-with-goals-in-first-four-starts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184543/https://equalizersoccer.com/quick-update/jaedyn-shaw-sets-uswnt-record-with-goals-in-first-four-starts/ |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun ba ta Golden Ball, wanda aka ba wa dan wasan mafi kyau na gasar yayin da USWNT ta doke Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe kuma ta ɗaga Kofin Zinare na farko a San Diego a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=VIDEO: 'Real Gold' for Jaedyn Shaw! USWNT teenage superstar wins CONCACAF W Gold Cup Golden Ball as best player {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-teenage-superstar-wins-concacaf-w-gold-cup-golden-ball-best-player/blt8d1d1a7953329e9f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191255/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-teenage-superstar-wins-concacaf-w-gold-cup-golden-ball-best-player/blt8d1d1a7953329e9f |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.goal.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2024, an kira Shaw zuwa gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 kuma ta zira kwallaye na farko, wanda ya ci nasara a nasarar da aka samu a 2-1 a kan Japan a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2024, ta kara rikodin ta don zama dan wasa na farko da ya zira kwallayi a farkon farawa biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Japan – April 06, 2024 {{!}} 2024 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/competitions/dzdh9f7vyvzpq3nmvl22dyx2h/matches/3a2gx9egyv1jhfq0binvs64us |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Shaw kuma ya fara wasan karshe da Kanada wanda tawagar ta ci nasara bayan wasan kisa don lashe lambar yabo ta 7 a gasar cin kofin SheBelieves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Canada: Match Recap & Highlights |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410032246/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2024, an sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Hayes Names 2024 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704131830/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics |archive-date=July 4, 2024 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Amurka ta doke Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe na Olympics a kan burin da Mallory Swanson ya ci. == Hanyar wasa == Shaw ya taka leda a duk faɗin matsayi na kai hari, gami da a matsayin mai tsakiya, mai tsakiya na tsakiya, da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na kai hari. An san ta da neman da kuma gane budewa don karɓar kwallon da kuma kirkirarta a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, tana da ƙarfin jiki da ikon fasaha don kare mallaka da kuma saurin juya masu karewa. Hanyar sa hannu ita ce ta ja kwallon a ƙarƙashin ƙafarta don tilasta masu karewa daga daidaituwa. Shaw kuma mai wucewa ne mai amfani da hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Blair |date=June 7, 2023 |title=What makes Jaedyn Shaw so exceptional |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/06/07/what-makes-jaedyn-shaw-so-exceptional/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608005155/https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/06/07/what-makes-jaedyn-shaw-so-exceptional/ |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref> Ga Wave a karkashin Casey Stoney, Shaw ya fito ne a matsayin matasan 10 ko kuma a matsayin cibiyar gaba da ke iya juyawa zuwa kowanne fuka-fuki tare da Sofia Jakobsson. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=March 26, 2023 |title=How the Wave tweaked their formation to beat Chicago, and made Shaw a focal point |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/03/26/san-diego-wave-defeat-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-tactics-analysis-jaedyn-shaw/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609084341/https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/03/26/san-diego-wave-defeat-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-tactics-analysis-jaedyn-shaw/ |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Insixiengmay |first=Stephanie |date=September 24, 2022 |title=Tactical Analysis: The San Diego Wave's historic win over Angel City (1–0) |url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/9/24/23154955/tactical-analysis-the-san-diego-waves-historic-win-over-angel-city-1-0 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=LAG Confidential}}</ref> Ga Gotham FC, ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya ko kuma dan wasan tsakiya tare da abokin wasan Rose Lavelle . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mahaifin Shaw da mahaifiyarsa Black ne da Vietnamese bi da bi. Ita ce 'yar Vietnam ta farko da ta taba wakiltar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amurka. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|May 25, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin{{Efn|Includes the [[NWSL Challenge Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Wasanni{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL Playoffs]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[CONCACAF W Champions Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |San Diego Wave FC |2022 | rowspan="6" |NWSL |5 |3 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |7 |3 |- |2023 |22 |6 |6 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |7 |- |2024 |22 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |0{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup]]}} |0 |25 |4 |- |Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina |2025 |9 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Gotham FC |2025 |7 |1 | colspan="2" | - |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |3 |- |2026 |17 |7 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |2 |1 |23 |8 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !82 !21 !7 !1 !6 !2 !2 !0 !0 !0 !103 !25 |} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played June 6, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Amurka |2023 |4 |2 |- |2024 |17 |6 |- |2025 |10 |1 |- |2026 |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !37 !10 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Amurka na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Shaw.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Jaedyn Shaw ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |October 29, 2023 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |Abokantaka |<ref group="m" name="goal001">{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Earns 3–0 Win Against Colombia as Forwards Mia Fishel and Jaedyn Shaw Score Their First International Goals |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |December 5, 2023 |[[Frisco, Texas]] |{{Fbw|China}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal002">{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats China PR 2–1 in Final Match of 2023 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/12/uswnt-vs-china-pr-12-5-23-score-highlights-match-report-stats-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216232000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/12/uswnt-vs-china-pr-12-5-23-score-highlights-match-report-stats-recap |archive-date=December 16, 2023 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |February 23, 2024 | rowspan="2" |Carson, California | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Argentina}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="4" |2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal003and004">{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Quarterfinals With 4–0 Win Against Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/02/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-4-argentina-0-goals-stats-standings-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419132126/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/02/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-4-argentina-0-goals-stats-standings-match-recap |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=February 24, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |March 3, 2024 |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |<ref group="m" name="goal005">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Semifinal With Strong 3–0 Victory Against Colombia |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-3-colombia-0-match-recap-stats-goals-score |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415055750/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-3-colombia-0-match-recap-stats-goals-score |archive-date=April 15, 2024 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |March 6, 2024 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|Canada}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |<ref group="m" name="goal006">{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Final with Penalty Kick Shootout Win Over Canada Following 2–2 Draw Through Regulation and Overtime |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-canada-score-stats-goals-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307102602/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-canada-score-stats-goals-match-recap |archive-date=March 7, 2024 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |April 6, 2024 |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 |<ref group="m" name="goal007">{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2024 SheBelieves Cup Presented by Visa with 2–1 Win Over Japan in Front of Record-Setting Crowd in Atlanta |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-japan-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406235016/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-japan-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 6, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |October 24, 2024 |[[Austin|Austin, Texas]] |{{Fbw|ISL}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |Abokantaka |<ref group="m" name="goal008">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2024 |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Downs Iceland 3-1 in First Match Following Olympic Gold |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/usa-vs-iceland-score-result-highlights-match-recap-oct-24 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |December 1, 2025 |Fort Lauderdale, Florida |{{Fbw|ITA}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |<ref group="m" name="goal009">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2025 |title=Match recap USWNT win vs EURO semifinalist Italy last game 2025 year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/12/match-recap-uswnt-win-vs-euro-semifinalist-italy-last-game-2025-year |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |March 1, 2026 |Nashville, Tennessee |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |2026 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal010">{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2026 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2026 SheBelieves Cup, presented by Visa, With 2-0 Win Over Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-opens-2026-shebelieves-cup-with-2-0-win-over-argentina-lindsey-heaps-jaedyn-shaw |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- |} == Daraja == '''Ruwa na San Diego''' * NWSL Shield: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave claim 2023 NWSL Shield |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/#:~:text=regular%20season%20champions.-,In%20just%20their%20second%20season%20as%20an%20NWSL%20team%2C%20the,the%20semifinals%20of%20the%20Playoffs. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030011655/https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/#:~:text=regular%20season%20champions.-,In%20just%20their%20second%20season%20as%20an%20NWSL%20team%2C%20the,the%20semifinals%20of%20the%20Playoffs. |archive-date=October 30, 2023 |access-date=October 19, 2023 |website=CONCACAF}}</ref> * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2024 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defeat 1–0 NJ/NY Gotham FC in 2024 UKG NWSL Challenge Cup |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316145911/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/ |archive-date=March 16, 2024 |access-date=March 28, 2024}}</ref> '''Gotham FC''' * Gasar NWSL: 2025 * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2026 '''Amurka U15''' * Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Mata na kasa da shekaru 15 ta CONCACAF: 2018 <ref name=":2" /> '''Amurka U20''' * Kofin Mata na Kudu: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=U.S. Under-20 Women's Youth National Team Draws Netherlands, 2–2, Then Wins Penalty Shootout To Take Title At 2022 Sud Ladies Cup In France |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/sud-ladies-cup-u20-wynt-2-netherlands-2-match-report-stats-standings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717215329/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/sud-ladies-cup-u20-wynt-2-netherlands-2-match-report-stats-standings |archive-date=July 17, 2024 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Amurka''' * Medal na zinare na Wasannin Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810002604/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * Kofin Zinare na CONCACAF: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Horan the hero as USA down Brazil to win W Gold Cup crown |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408162141/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * SheBelieves Cup: 2024, 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410032246/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * CONCACAF 'yan mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 Golden Ball: 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rising Stars – Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://fut411.com/rising-stars/jaedyn-shaw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160712/https://fut411.com/rising-stars/jaedyn-shaw |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=FUT411 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. wins 2018 Concacaf U15 Championship &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/us-wins-2018-concacaf-u15-championship_aid44485 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160710/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/us-wins-2018-concacaf-u15-championship_aid44485 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> * Kudancin Kudancin Mata Mafi Kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=Sud Ladies Cup 2022 best XI |url=https://festival-foot-espoirs.com/en/ladies/detail_actualite.php?id=5260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108091314/https://festival-foot-espoirs.com/en/ladies/detail_actualite.php?id=5260 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |publisher=Sud Ladies Cup}}</ref> * Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Matashi Mai kunnawa na Shekara: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2023 |title=Sophia Smith Voted 2022 Biosteel U.S. Soccer Female Player Of The Year; Jaedyn Shaw Voted 2022 Chipotle U.S. Soccer Young Female Player Of The Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/smith-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year-shaw-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829095300/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/smith-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year-shaw-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |archive-date=August 29, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI: 2023 * CONCACAF W Gold Cup Golden Ball: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Shaw Naeher lead honors at W Gold Cup |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-naeher-lead-honors-at-w-gold-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311065659/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-naeher-lead-honors-at-w-gold-cup/ |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * CONCACAF W Gold Cup Mafi kyawun XI: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2024 |title=Shaw, Leon, Ovalle head up W Gold Cup Best XI |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-leon-ovalle-head-up-w-gold-cup-best-xi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314053244/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-leon-ovalle-head-up-w-gold-cup-best-xi/ |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |publisher=CONCACAF |language=}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 936oxnyrd5o7k1zav230tj8n61f04am 916055 916054 2026-09-04T11:24:06Z Santa MMD 23886 916055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jaedyn Reese Shaw''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2004) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ko mai kai hari a tsakiya na Gotham FC na Ƙungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) da ƙungiyar ƙwallon Kafa ta Amurka. Shaw ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Wave yana da shekaru 17 a 2022, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a NWSL a lokacin. A cikin 2023, ta taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe NWSL Shield kuma an sanya masa suna zuwa NWSL Best XI . Bayan shekaru uku a San Diego, ta koma Arewacin Carolina Courage kafin ta shiga Gotham FC a cikin cinikin rikodin intraleague, ta lashe gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025 a kakar wasa ta farko tare da Bats.Shaw ya sanya hannu tare da San Diego Wave yana da shekaru 17 a 2022, ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a NWSL a lokacin. A cikin 2023, ta taimaka wa kulob din ya lashe NWSL Shield kuma an sanya masa suna zuwa NWSL Best XI . Bayan shekaru uku a San Diego, ta koma Arewacin Carolina Courage kafin ta shiga Gotham FC a cikin cinikin rikodin intraleague, ta lashe gasar zakarun NWSL ta 2025 a kakar wasa ta farko tare da Bats. Bayan ta wakilci Amurka a kungiyoyin 'yan kasa da shekara 19, 'yan kasa le shekara 19 da' yan kasa da shekara 20, ta fara bugawa a shekarar 2023. Ta lashe zinare tare da tawagar a gasar Olympics ta Paris ta 2024. An ba ta suna 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka ta shekara a shekarar 2022. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta kuma ta girma a [[Frisco, Texas]], Shaw, 'yar'uwarta, da ƙaramin ɗan'uwanta an haife su ne ga mahaifiyarsu ta Vietnamese, Ann da mahaifin Black, Lance . <ref name="si_071224">{{Cite web |last=Brennan, Clare |date=July 12, 2024 |title=The Olympics Are Just the Beginning for Young USWNT Star Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.si.com/olympics/paris-games-are-just-thebeginning-uswnt-star-jaedyn-shaw |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Yayinda take 'yar shekara biyu, za ta yi ƙoƙari ta yi wasa yayin halartar wasannin' yar'uwarta.<ref name="goal_0323">{{Cite web |date=March 23, 2023 |title=Jaedyn Shaw: Inside the rise of the NWSL's teenage star set for USWNT honors |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/jaedyn-shaw-inside-rise-nwsl-teenage-star-uswnt-honors/blt1aea5492c9f55a59 |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Jaedyn yana da burin zama ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami. Iyayenta sun sadaukar da abubuwa da yawa don tallafawa burin Jaedyn. Mahaifiyarta ta lura, "Kawai a bayyane yake, akwai shekara ko biyu inda dukkanmu huɗunmu muke zaune a cikin ɗaki ɗaya don mu iya samun damar fita daga gari, daga jihar, daga ƙasar. Ni da mijina sun sanya rayuwarmu a baya - babu hutu, babu wata amarya, babu wani abu - don mu iya magance nauyin kudi da ya zo tare da damar. Na san wannan manufar Allah ce a gare ta, haka, ta haka, ta zo tare da masu horar da masu horarwa, masu horarwar kasuwanci, ta musamman, ta san cewa a ƙarshe ba za su da yawa daga irin wannan hadayarsu ba.<ref name="goal_0323" />A wani bangare na ƙuruciyarta, ta zauna a cikin tubalan biyu daga Filin wasa na Toyota inda Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Amurka ke zaune kuma FC Dallas ke wasa kuma tana da abubuwan tunawa da yawa game da filin wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teenager Jaedyn Shaw helps the US women to a 2-1 victory over China in year-ending exhibition match |url=https://www.news10.com/sports/ap-teenager-jaedyn-shaw-helps-the-us-women-to-a-2-1-victory-over-china-in-year-ending-exhibition-match/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=ABC News 10}}</ref> Shaw ya buga wa kungiyar ECNL Solar SC daga shekaru biyar zuwa takwas.<ref name="sandiegomag-0624">{{Cite web |title=The Young Locals Leading the Wave of Next-Gen Athletes |url=https://sandiegomagazine.com/features/young-athletes-leading-the-san-diego-sports-scene/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=San Diego Magazine}}</ref> Daga baya ta buga wa kungiyar matasa ta FC Dallas kuma ta taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar zakarun kasa da shekaru 15 a shekarar 2018.<ref name="NBCDFW-0424">{{Cite web |last=Harris, Laura |date=April 30, 2024 |title=Frisco's Jaedyn Shaw hopes to score a spot on the USWNT for the Paris Olympics |url=https://www.nbcdfw.com/paris-2024-summer-olympics/jaedyn-shaw-texas-soccer-2024-olympics/3525534/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=NBCDFW}}</ref> Shaw kuma ta buga futsal kuma ta yaba da shi don ci gaba mai yawa a cikin wasanta, "Na buga futsalsal sosai har sai na tura watakila 12. Ina tsammanin ya taimaka mini sosai da fasaha kuma na iya ganin wasan daban. "<ref name="espn-futsal-101723">{{Cite web |last=Hernandez, Cesar |date=October 17, 2023 |title=How family and futsal took Jaedyn Shaw to San Diego, USWNT |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |access-date=27 February 2025 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == === Farkon aiki === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2019, yana da shekaru 14, Shaw ya yi alkawarin shiga Tar Heels na Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill tun daga kakar 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2019 |title=SSF News |url=https://www.sealysoccerfactory.com/news-old.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327103202/https://www.sealysoccerfactory.com/news-old.html |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=March 27, 2023 |publisher=Sealy Soccer Factory}}</ref> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 15, an gayyaci Shaw don horar da kulob din Faransanci na farko, Paris Saint-Germain . <ref name="goal_0323" /> A matakin matasa, ta buga wa FC Dallas da Solar SC wasa. A cikin 2022, an kiyasta Shaw a matsayin na biyu mafi girma a cikin aji na makarantar sakandare na 2023 ta Top Drawer Soccer .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaedyn Shaw Signs With San Diego Wave FC &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/jaedyn-shaw-signs-with-san-diego-wave-fc_aid51003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108073709/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/jaedyn-shaw-signs-with-san-diego-wave-fc_aid51003 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaw Bags First Goal in Professional Debut &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/shaw-bags-first-goal-in-professional-debut_aid51047 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184638/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/shaw-bags-first-goal-in-professional-debut_aid51047 |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A cikin bazara na 2022, ta shiga Washington Spirit don kafin kakar wasa kuma an ambaci sunanta a cikin jerin sunayen kulob din na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jason |date=February 1, 2022 |title=Washington Spirit announce initial preseason roster |url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2022/2/1/22913157/washington-spirit-2022-nwsl-preseason-roster-amber-brooks-samantha-murphy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108073703/https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2022/2/1/22913157/washington-spirit-2022-nwsl-preseason-roster-amber-brooks-samantha-murphy |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Black And Red United |language=en}}</ref> === Ruwa na San Diego === [[Fayil:NC_Courage_vs_SD_Wave_(Oct_2024)_074_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Shaw tare da San Diego Wave a cikin 2024]] A watan Yulin 2022, Shaw ta sanya hannu a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) ta San Diego Wave FC bayan an ba ta izinin shiga NWSL ta hanyar tsarin binciken da ya ba da damar gyare-gyaren ƙuntata shekarun leagues.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=NWSL's San Diego Wave FC signs 17-year-old USYNT star Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/nwsl-club-san-diego-wave-fc-signs-17-year-old-usynt-star-jaedyn-shaw/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106200004/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/nwsl-club-san-diego-wave-fc-signs-17-year-old-usynt-star-jaedyn-shaw/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Jaedyn Shaw to enter NWSL as league reviews age restriction policy |url=https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-soccer-jaedyn-shaw-age-restriction-policy-olivia-moultrie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106202724/https://justwomenssports.com/nwsl-soccer-jaedyn-shaw-age-restriction-policy-olivia-moultrie/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwanaki goma sha uku bayan sanya hannu tare da kulob din, a ranar 30 ga Yuli, Shaw ya fara wasan NWSL na Wave da Chicago Red Stars . Ita ce 'yar wasa ta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta da ta yi gasa a NWSL a lokacin tana da shekaru 17, watanni takwas. Bayan ta zira kwallaye ga tawagarta a minti na 27, ta zama 'yar wasan NWSL mafi ƙanƙanta da ta zira kwallan a karon farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |last2= |last3= |date=August 5, 2022 |title=Column: San Diego Wave have fast riser in teenager Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/wave/story/2022-08-05/alex-morgan-nwsl-jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-wave |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106201506/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sports/soccer/wave/story/2022-08-05/alex-morgan-nwsl-jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-wave |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Brennan |first=Clare |date=July 31, 2022 |title=San Diego's Jaedyn Shaw scores game-winner in first NWSL start |url=https://justwomenssports.com/san-diego-wave-jaedyn-shaw-game-winner-first-nwsl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230106202608/https://justwomenssports.com/san-diego-wave-jaedyn-shaw-game-winner-first-nwsl/ |archive-date=January 6, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 31, 2022 |title=USYNT star Jaedyn Shaw scores for San Diego Wave on NWSL debut |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2022/07/30/jaedyn-shaw-first-nwsl-goal-san-diego-wave/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184624/https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2022/07/30/jaedyn-shaw-first-nwsl-goal-san-diego-wave/ |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Chris |date=July 31, 2022 |title=17-Year-Old Jaedyn Shaw Leads Wave Win: Youngest to Score in NWSL Debut |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/07/30/17-year-old-jaedyn-shaw-leads-wave-win-youngest-to-score-in-nwsl-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108165138/https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/07/30/17-year-old-jaedyn-shaw-leads-wave-win-youngest-to-score-in-nwsl-debut/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Times of San Diego |language=en-US}}</ref> Shaw ta ci gaba da zira kwallaye a kan Washington Spirit da Angel City a watan Satumba, inda ta kai kwallaye uku a wasanni uku. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stone |first=Chris |date=September 18, 2022 |title=Largest Crowd in NWSL History Roars Approval of Wave in Snapdragon Debut |url=https://timesofsandiego.com/sports/2022/09/17/largest-crowd-in-nwsl-history-roars-approval-of-wave-in-snapdragon-debut/ |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Times of San Diego |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 18, 2022 |title=Angel City FC falls short against San Diego Wave FC in front of record-setting crowd |url=https://www.dailynews.com/2022/09/18/angel-city-fc-falls-short-against-san-diego-wave-fc-in-front-of-record-setting-crowd |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta zama 'yar wasa ta biyu a tarihin NWSL da ta ci kwallaye a kowane wasanni uku na farko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wave |first=San Diego |date=September 18, 2022 |title=SAN DIEGO WAVE FC DEFEATS SO-CAL RIVAL ANGEL CITY FC IN FRONT OF SOLD-OUT CROWD |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeats-so-cal-rival-angel-city-fc-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108172758/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeats-so-cal-rival-angel-city-fc-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=San Diego Wave Fútbol Club |language=en-US}}</ref> Shaw ta gama kakar wasa ta farko tare da kwallaye 3 a wasanni 7. A watan Agustan 2023, Shaw ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru da yawa tare da Wave ta hanyar kakar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wave |first=San Diego |date=August 3, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave FC Signs Jaedyn Shaw to New Contract |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-signs-jaedyn-shaw-to-new-contract/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022231649/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-signs-jaedyn-shaw-to-new-contract/ |archive-date=October 22, 2023 |access-date=October 17, 2023 |website=San Diego Wave Fútbol Club |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin kakar 2023, Shaw ya zira kwallaye da yawa a matsayin matashi a tarihin NWSL kuma ya taimaka wa Wave ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta NWSL.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=How 18-year-old Jaedyn Shaw became NWSL's, USWNT's next big thing |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017152222/https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/38667083/how-family-futsal-took-jaedyn-shaw-san-diego-uswnt |archive-date=October 17, 2023 |access-date=October 17, 2023 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> === Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina === A ranar 14 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2025, an sayar da Shaw ga kungiyar Arewacin Carolina Courage don $ 300,000 a cikin kuɗin rabawa, $ 150,000 a cikin kudaden canja wurin intraleague, da kuma wani wuri na kasa da kasa a cikin lokutan 2025 da 2026, tare da yiwuwar ƙarin kari. Ta taba horar da ita tare da NC Courage Academy a karkashin kocin yanzu Sean Nahas, wanda ya ba da shawara don sanya hannu. A ranar 15 ga watan Maris, ta fara gabatar da Courage a ranar farko ta kakar a 1-1 draw tare da Racing Louisville, kuma ta 50th career-reason-a-lokaci bayyana. Duk da tsammanin Shaw ya haɗu da kyau tare da abokan aiki Ashley Sanchez da Manaka Matsukubo, ta yi ƙoƙari ta daidaita zuwa sabon kulob din kuma an juya ta cikin da fita daga jerin farawa.[5][6] A ranar 21 ga watan Yuni, ta fito daga benci don zira kwallaye na farko na Courage, ta daidaita a cikin nasarar 2-1 a kan Houston Dash.[7] A ranar 6 ga watan Satumba, wata daya bayan an kori Nahas, ta buga wasan karshe na Courage, inda ta zira kwallaye a 1-1 tare da Utah Royals. Ta buga wasanni 19 kuma ta zira kwallaye 3 a kulob din. === Gotham FC === A ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2025, an sayar da Shaw ga Gotham FC don $ 1.25m a cikin kudaden canja wurin intraleague, inda aka kafa sabon rikodin canja wurin intraLeague. Ta fara zira kwallaye a washegari a nasarar 2-0 a kan tsohon kulob din San Diego Wave . A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba, ta zira kwallaye da kuma taimakawa a wasan kusa da na karshe, inda ta kai Gotham zuwa nasarar 2-1 a kan NWSL Shield Kansas City Current a karin lokaci. A wasan kusa da na karshe, ta zira kwallaye a cikin sakanni na ƙarshe don samun nasara 1-0 a kan mai kare Orlando Pride . Ta zama zakara ta NWSL bayan Gotham ta ci 1-0 a kan Washington Spirit a wasan karshe, ta zama iri takwas na farko da ya lashe gasar. == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == [[Fayil:Jaedyn_Shaw_USWNT_vs_Italy_Nov_28_2025-205_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Shaw tare da Amurka a cikin 2025]] Shaw ta kasance daga cikin tawagar U-15 a gasar zakarun mata ta kasa da shekaru 15 ta CONCACAF a shekarar 2018. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa tawagar zuwa taken da kuma lashe kyautar kwallon zinare a matsayin mafi kyawun dan wasan gasar. Ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasan karshe na gasar wanda ya jagoranci tawagar zuwa nasarar 3-0 a kan Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2018 |title=Kat Rader & The USGNT wins u15 CONCACAF Championship |url=https://fc-prime.demosphere-secure.com/kat-rader-the-usgnt-wins-u15-concacaf-championship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083725/https://fc-prime.demosphere-secure.com/kat-rader-the-usgnt-wins-u15-concacaf-championship |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Football Club Prime Inc.}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2021 |title=United States claims Division 1 title at CONCACAF Girls' Under-15 Championship |url=https://www.concacaf.com/under-15-girls/article/united-states-claims-division-1-title-at-concacaf-girls-under-15-championship/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083750/https://www.concacaf.com/under-15-girls/article/united-states-claims-division-1-title-at-concacaf-girls-under-15-championship/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=Concacaf}}</ref> A farkon 2020, Shaw ta zama mai farawa ga U-20, inda ta zira kwallaye biyu a wasanni uku don taimakawa tawagar ta lashe Kofin Mata na Kudu a Aubagne, Faransa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. U-20 Women's Youth National Team wins Sud Ladies Cup title |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-20-womens-youth-national-team-wins-2022-sud-ladies-cup-title/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108083739/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/u-s-u-20-womens-youth-national-team-wins-2022-sud-ladies-cup-title/ |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Bayan haka, an sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka U-20 don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2022. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan NWSL guda biyu da suka buga wa U20 USWNT a gasar cin kofin duniya ta U20. Shaw ta karbi kiranta na farko zuwa babbar kungiyar a watan Satumbar 2023 kuma ta fara bugawa wata daya bayan haka a ranar 26 ga Oktoba, 2023, a wasan sada zumunci da Colombia a Sandy, Utah . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrick |first=Buzz |date=2023-09-12 |title=DFW local Jaedyn Shaw receives first call-up to the US Women's National Team |url=https://3rddegree.net/dfw-local-jaedyn-shaw-receives-first-call-up-to-the-us-womens-national-team |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191256/https://3rddegree.net/dfw-local-jaedyn-shaw-receives-first-call-up-to-the-us-womens-national-team |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=3rd Degree |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=2023-10-27 |title=Jaedyn Shaw makes 'well-earned' first USWNT appearance |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-first-cap-appearance-san-diego-wave-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191255/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-first-cap-appearance-san-diego-wave-2023/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ta zira kwallaye na farko ga USWNT a [[San Diego]], California, a karo na biyu a ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2023, a wani sada zumunci da Colombia wanda ya ƙare a nasarar 3-0.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT defeats Colombia 3–0 as Mia Fishel and Jaedyn Shaw score first goals |url=https://www.soccerwire.com/news/uswnt-defeats-colombia-3-0-as-mia-fishel-and-jaedyn-shaw-score-first-career-goals/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191257/https://www.soccerwire.com/news/uswnt-defeats-colombia-3-0-as-mia-fishel-and-jaedyn-shaw-score-first-career-goals/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=SoccerWire |language=en}}</ref> Ta zira kwallaye na biyu a garinsu na Frisco, Texas wata daya bayan haka a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2023, wanda ya lashe wasan a dawowa da kasar Sin wanda ya ƙare a matsayin nasara 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=J. W. S. |date=2023-12-05 |title=Jaedyn Shaw scores game-winning goal in USWNT's 2023 finale |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/uswnt-china-jaedyn-shaw-sam-coffey-korbin-albert/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191256/https://justwomenssports.com/reads/uswnt-china-jaedyn-shaw-sam-coffey-korbin-albert/ |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> An sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 don gasar cin kofin zinare ta CONCACAF ta 2024. A lokacin gasar Shaw ya buga wasanni 6 kuma ya zira kwallaye 4, ya zama dan wasa na farko a tarihin USWNT don zira kwallayen a farkon hudu na tawagar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=2024-03-07 |title=Jaedyn Shaw sets USWNT record with goals in first four starts – Equalizer Soccer |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/quick-update/jaedyn-shaw-sets-uswnt-record-with-goals-in-first-four-starts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240624184543/https://equalizersoccer.com/quick-update/jaedyn-shaw-sets-uswnt-record-with-goals-in-first-four-starts/ |archive-date=June 24, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ayyukanta sun ba ta Golden Ball, wanda aka ba wa dan wasan mafi kyau na gasar yayin da USWNT ta doke Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe kuma ta ɗaga Kofin Zinare na farko a San Diego a ranar 10 ga Maris, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=VIDEO: 'Real Gold' for Jaedyn Shaw! USWNT teenage superstar wins CONCACAF W Gold Cup Golden Ball as best player {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-teenage-superstar-wins-concacaf-w-gold-cup-golden-ball-best-player/blt8d1d1a7953329e9f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312191255/https://www.goal.com/en/lists/jaedyn-shaw-uswnt-teenage-superstar-wins-concacaf-w-gold-cup-golden-ball-best-player/blt8d1d1a7953329e9f |archive-date=March 12, 2024 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=www.goal.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Maris, 2024, an kira Shaw zuwa gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 kuma ta zira kwallaye na farko, wanda ya ci nasara a nasarar da aka samu a 2-1 a kan Japan a ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 2024, ta kara rikodin ta don zama dan wasa na farko da ya zira kwallayi a farkon farawa biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Japan – April 06, 2024 {{!}} 2024 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/competitions/dzdh9f7vyvzpq3nmvl22dyx2h/matches/3a2gx9egyv1jhfq0binvs64us |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Shaw kuma ya fara wasan karshe da Kanada wanda tawagar ta ci nasara bayan wasan kisa don lashe lambar yabo ta 7 a gasar cin kofin SheBelieves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=USWNT vs. Canada: Match Recap & Highlights |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410032246/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2024, an sanya sunan Shaw a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Emma Hayes Names 2024 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704131830/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/emma-hayes-names-uswnt-roster-for-the-2024-paris-olympics |archive-date=July 4, 2024 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> Amurka ta doke Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe na Olympics a kan burin da Mallory Swanson ya ci. == Hanyar wasa == Shaw ya taka leda a duk faɗin matsayi na kai hari, gami da a matsayin mai tsakiya, mai tsakiya na tsakiya, da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|dan wasan tsakiya]] na kai hari. An san ta da neman da kuma gane budewa don karɓar kwallon da kuma kirkirarta a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, tana da ƙarfin jiki da ikon fasaha don kare mallaka da kuma saurin juya masu karewa. Hanyar sa hannu ita ce ta ja kwallon a ƙarƙashin ƙafarta don tilasta masu karewa daga daidaituwa. Shaw kuma mai wucewa ne mai amfani da hannu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Blair |date=June 7, 2023 |title=What makes Jaedyn Shaw so exceptional |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/06/07/what-makes-jaedyn-shaw-so-exceptional/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608005155/https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/06/07/what-makes-jaedyn-shaw-so-exceptional/ |archive-date=June 8, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref> Ga Wave a karkashin Casey Stoney, Shaw ya fito ne a matsayin matasan 10 ko kuma a matsayin cibiyar gaba da ke iya juyawa zuwa kowanne fuka-fuki tare da Sofia Jakobsson. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kassouf |first=Jeff |date=March 26, 2023 |title=How the Wave tweaked their formation to beat Chicago, and made Shaw a focal point |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/03/26/san-diego-wave-defeat-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-tactics-analysis-jaedyn-shaw/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609084341/https://equalizersoccer.com/2023/03/26/san-diego-wave-defeat-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-tactics-analysis-jaedyn-shaw/ |archive-date=June 9, 2023 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Insixiengmay |first=Stephanie |date=September 24, 2022 |title=Tactical Analysis: The San Diego Wave's historic win over Angel City (1–0) |url=https://www.lagconfidential.com/2022/9/24/23154955/tactical-analysis-the-san-diego-waves-historic-win-over-angel-city-1-0 |access-date=June 8, 2023 |website=LAG Confidential}}</ref> Ga Gotham FC, ta taka leda a matsayin mai tsakiya ko kuma dan wasan tsakiya tare da abokin wasan Rose Lavelle . == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mahaifin Shaw da mahaifiyarsa Black ne da Vietnamese bi da bi. Ita ce 'yar Vietnam ta farko da ta taba wakiltar Ƙungiyar Mata ta Ƙasar Amurka. == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiya === {{Updated|May 25, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin kulob din, kakar wasa da gasa ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin{{Efn|Includes the [[NWSL Challenge Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Wasanni{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL Playoffs]]}} ! colspan="2" |Continental{{Efn|Includes [[CONCACAF W Champions Cup]]}} ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |San Diego Wave FC |2022 | rowspan="6" |NWSL |5 |3 |0 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |7 |3 |- |2023 |22 |6 |6 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |29 |7 |- |2024 |22 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |2 |0 |0{{Efn|Includes [[NWSL x Liga MX Femenil Summer Cup]]}} |0 |25 |4 |- |Ƙarfin Arewacin Carolina |2025 |9 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |0 |- | rowspan="2" |Gotham FC |2025 |7 |1 | colspan="2" | - |3 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |10 |3 |- |2026 |17 |7 |0 |0 |0 |0 |4 |0 |2 |1 |23 |8 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !82 !21 !7 !1 !6 !2 !2 !0 !0 !0 !103 !25 |} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played June 6, 2026}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="4" |Amurka |2023 |4 |2 |- |2024 |17 |6 |- |2025 |10 |1 |- |2026 |6 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !37 !10 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Amurka na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Shaw.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Jerin burin kasa da kasa da Jaedyn Shaw ya zira ! scope="col" |A'a. ! scope="col" |Ranar ! scope="col" |Wurin da ake ciki ! scope="col" |Abokin hamayya ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! scope="col" |Gasar ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |October 29, 2023 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |Abokantaka |<ref group="m" name="goal001">{{Cite web |date=October 29, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Earns 3–0 Win Against Colombia as Forwards Mia Fishel and Jaedyn Shaw Score Their First International Goals |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/10/uswnt-vs-colombia-10-29-23-score-highlights-match-recap-goals-stats |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |December 5, 2023 |[[Frisco, Texas]] |{{Fbw|China}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal002">{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats China PR 2–1 in Final Match of 2023 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/12/uswnt-vs-china-pr-12-5-23-score-highlights-match-report-stats-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216232000/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/12/uswnt-vs-china-pr-12-5-23-score-highlights-match-report-stats-recap |archive-date=December 16, 2023 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 | rowspan="2" |February 23, 2024 | rowspan="2" |Carson, California | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Argentina}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="4" |2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal003and004">{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Quarterfinals With 4–0 Win Against Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/02/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-4-argentina-0-goals-stats-standings-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419132126/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/02/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-4-argentina-0-goals-stats-standings-match-recap |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=February 24, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |4 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |March 3, 2024 |[[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]] |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |<ref group="m" name="goal005">{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Semifinal With Strong 3–0 Victory Against Colombia |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-3-colombia-0-match-recap-stats-goals-score |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415055750/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-uswnt-3-colombia-0-match-recap-stats-goals-score |archive-date=April 15, 2024 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |March 6, 2024 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|Canada}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |<ref group="m" name="goal006">{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to 2024 CONCACAF W Gold Cup Final with Penalty Kick Shootout Win Over Canada Following 2–2 Draw Through Regulation and Overtime |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-canada-score-stats-goals-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307102602/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/03/concacaf-w-gold-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-canada-score-stats-goals-match-recap |archive-date=March 7, 2024 |access-date=March 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |7 |April 6, 2024 |[[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |1–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 |<ref group="m" name="goal007">{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2024 SheBelieves Cup Presented by Visa with 2–1 Win Over Japan in Front of Record-Setting Crowd in Atlanta |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-japan-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406235016/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-semifinal-uswnt-vs-japan-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 6, 2024 |access-date=April 7, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 |October 24, 2024 |[[Austin|Austin, Texas]] |{{Fbw|ISL}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |Abokantaka |<ref group="m" name="goal008">{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2024 |title=U.S. Women’s National Team Downs Iceland 3-1 in First Match Following Olympic Gold |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/10/usa-vs-iceland-score-result-highlights-match-recap-oct-24 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |December 1, 2025 |Fort Lauderdale, Florida |{{Fbw|ITA}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |<ref group="m" name="goal009">{{Cite web |date=December 1, 2025 |title=Match recap USWNT win vs EURO semifinalist Italy last game 2025 year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2025/12/match-recap-uswnt-win-vs-euro-semifinalist-italy-last-game-2025-year |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |March 1, 2026 |Nashville, Tennessee |{{Fbw|ARG}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |2026 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal010">{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2026 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2026 SheBelieves Cup, presented by Visa, With 2-0 Win Over Argentina |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2026/03/uswnt/us-womens-national-team-opens-2026-shebelieves-cup-with-2-0-win-over-argentina-lindsey-heaps-jaedyn-shaw |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- |} == Daraja == '''Ruwa na San Diego''' * NWSL Shield: 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 17, 2023 |title=San Diego Wave claim 2023 NWSL Shield |url=https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/#:~:text=regular%20season%20champions.-,In%20just%20their%20second%20season%20as%20an%20NWSL%20team%2C%20the,the%20semifinals%20of%20the%20Playoffs. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030011655/https://www.concacaf.com/en/concacafw/news/san-diego-wave-claim-2023-nwsl-shield/#:~:text=regular%20season%20champions.-,In%20just%20their%20second%20season%20as%20an%20NWSL%20team%2C%20the,the%20semifinals%20of%20the%20Playoffs. |archive-date=October 30, 2023 |access-date=October 19, 2023 |website=CONCACAF}}</ref> * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 16, 2024 |title=San Diego Wave FC Defeat 1–0 NJ/NY Gotham FC in 2024 UKG NWSL Challenge Cup |url=https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316145911/https://sandiegowavefc.com/san-diego-wave-fc-defeat-1-0-nj-ny-gotham-fc-in-2024-ukg-nwsl-challenge-cup/ |archive-date=March 16, 2024 |access-date=March 28, 2024}}</ref> '''Gotham FC''' * Gasar NWSL: 2025 * Kofin Ƙalubalen NWSL: 2026 '''Amurka U15''' * Gasar Cin Kofin 'Yan Mata na kasa da shekaru 15 ta CONCACAF: 2018 <ref name=":2" /> '''Amurka U20''' * Kofin Mata na Kudu: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=U.S. Under-20 Women's Youth National Team Draws Netherlands, 2–2, Then Wins Penalty Shootout To Take Title At 2022 Sud Ladies Cup In France |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/sud-ladies-cup-u20-wynt-2-netherlands-2-match-report-stats-standings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717215329/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/06/sud-ladies-cup-u20-wynt-2-netherlands-2-match-report-stats-standings |archive-date=July 17, 2024 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Amurka''' * Medal na zinare na Wasannin Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810002604/https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |archive-date=August 10, 2024 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * Kofin Zinare na CONCACAF: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Horan the hero as USA down Brazil to win W Gold Cup crown |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408162141/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/horan-the-hero-as-usa-down-brazil-to-win-w-gold-cup-crown/ |archive-date=April 8, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * SheBelieves Cup: 2024, 2026 <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410032246/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |archive-date=April 10, 2024 |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * CONCACAF 'yan mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 15 Golden Ball: 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rising Stars – Jaedyn Shaw |url=https://fut411.com/rising-stars/jaedyn-shaw |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160712/https://fut411.com/rising-stars/jaedyn-shaw |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=FUT411 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. wins 2018 Concacaf U15 Championship &#124; Club Soccer &#124; Youth Soccer |url=https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/us-wins-2018-concacaf-u15-championship_aid44485 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108160710/https://www.topdrawersoccer.com/club-soccer-articles/us-wins-2018-concacaf-u15-championship_aid44485 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=TopDrawerSoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> * Kudancin Kudancin Mata Mafi Kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2022 |title=Sud Ladies Cup 2022 best XI |url=https://festival-foot-espoirs.com/en/ladies/detail_actualite.php?id=5260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108091314/https://festival-foot-espoirs.com/en/ladies/detail_actualite.php?id=5260 |archive-date=January 8, 2023 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |publisher=Sud Ladies Cup}}</ref> * Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Matashi Mai kunnawa na Shekara: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2023 |title=Sophia Smith Voted 2022 Biosteel U.S. Soccer Female Player Of The Year; Jaedyn Shaw Voted 2022 Chipotle U.S. Soccer Young Female Player Of The Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/smith-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year-shaw-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829095300/https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/smith-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year-shaw-chipotle-young-female-player-of-the-year |archive-date=August 29, 2023 |access-date=January 6, 2023 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI: 2023 * CONCACAF W Gold Cup Golden Ball: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Shaw Naeher lead honors at W Gold Cup |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-naeher-lead-honors-at-w-gold-cup/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311065659/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-naeher-lead-honors-at-w-gold-cup/ |archive-date=March 11, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2024 |website=CONCACAF.com}}</ref> * CONCACAF W Gold Cup Mafi kyawun XI: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 13, 2024 |title=Shaw, Leon, Ovalle head up W Gold Cup Best XI |url=https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-leon-ovalle-head-up-w-gold-cup-best-xi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314053244/https://www.concacaf.com/w-gold-cup/news/shaw-leon-ovalle-head-up-w-gold-cup-best-xi/ |archive-date=March 14, 2024 |access-date=March 17, 2024 |publisher=CONCACAF |language=}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pgqz9vklnag96hcjyk7aweujllqjjk9 0 166297 916056 2026-09-04T11:39:26Z Santa MMD 23886 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373016401|Mallory Swanson]]" 916056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mallory Diane Swanson''' (née Pugh; an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1998) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Chicago Stars FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) da Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka (USWNT). Bayan ya yi wasa sosai a matakin 'yan kasa da shekara 17 da na kasa da shekaru 20, Swanson ya fara bugawa USWNT a shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 17, ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Heather O'Reilly a 2002. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta wakilci Amurka a gasar Olympics ta 2016 a Rio de Janeiro, inda ta zama ƙaramar mai zira kwallaye a gasar Olympics a Amurka. Ta lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 da zinariya a gasar Olympics ta Paris ta 2024, inda ta zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan karshe na Olympics. Swanson ta zaba don barin aikinta na kwaleji a UCLA don zama ƙwararru a cikin 2017, ta sanya hannu tare da Washington Spirit, inda ta zauna na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ta yi wasa a Sky Blue FC. Daga nan aka sayar da ita zuwa Chicago Red Stars, tana wasa a wannan birni kamar mijinta, dan wasan baseball na Chicago Cubs Dansby Swanson . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a Littleton, Colorado, ga Karen da Horace Pugh, Swanson ta girma tare da 'yar'uwarta Brianna a Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Mahaifiyarta mai tsere ce mai nisa kuma mahaifinta ya yi tsere kuma ya buga kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyon |first=Loretha |date=July 23, 2016 |title=Mallory Pugh's Parents |url=http://www.empireboobookitty.com/2016/07/mallory-pugh-parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010222918/http://www.empireboobookitty.com/2016/07/mallory-pugh-parents.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Empire Boo Boo Kitty}}</ref> Yayinda take girma, Swanson ta dauki 'yar'uwarta Brianna a matsayin abin koyi kuma ta ambaci ta a matsayin dalilin da ya sa ta fara kwallon kafa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Belger |first=Hollis |date=February 22, 2016 |title=Teenager Mallory Pugh is the Future of Women's Soccer |url=http://www.sikids.com/si-kids/2016/02/22/teenager-mallory-pugh-future-womens-soccer |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Sports Illustrated Kids |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Ta fara buga kwallon kafa tun tana 'yar shekara hudu sannan ta bi sawun 'yar'uwarta kuma ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Real Colorado a cikin Elite Clubs National League . <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Woitalla |first=Mike |date=April 8, 2016 |title=Mallory Pugh: The teen star's amazing rise and how it all started |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/68353/mallory-pugh-the-teen-stars-amazing-rise-and-how.html |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Youth Soccer Insider |publisher=Soccer America}}</ref> Ta taka leda a kungiyar gasa tare da kulob din a matakin U-11 ta hanyar U-18; kodayake ta fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin U-5.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mallory Pugh |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/players/2014/03/15/05/00/mallory-pugh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424121835/http://www.ussoccer.com/players/2014/03/15/05/00/mallory-pugh |archive-date=April 24, 2016 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata tare da tawagar, sau da yawa tana horar da tawagar Boys Development Academy ta kulob din.<ref name=":2" /> Swanson ya taimaka wa Real Colorado ta lashe lambar yabo ta jihar a 2010 da 2011. Bugu da kari, tawagar ta kai ga wasan karshe na Elite Clubs National League a duka 2013 da 2014. <ref name=":0" /> A matakin U-16, Real Colorado ta lashe lambar yabo ta jihohi da na yanki kuma ta zama ta biyu a cikin kasa. An kira Swanson MVP na gasar yanki a wannan shekarar.<ref name=":0" />{{Quote box|As her parents, we know how she is. She's not hard on herself; she's just always looking to get better. We go to the games now and we're excited. Like, 'What is she going to do?' That's the fun part of it: What is she going to do?}}Swanson ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mountain Vista a Highlands Ranch daga 2012 zuwa 2016. A cikin shekaru uku da ta yi tare da tawagar, Swanson ta zira kwallaye 47 kuma ta zira kwallan 23. A matsayinta na sabon shiga, an sanya wa Swanson suna a cikin All-Colorado Team bayan ta jagoranci tawagarta zuwa taken jihar. An ba ta suna MVP mai cin zarafi a Mountain Vista da kuma NSCAA Youth All-American na shekarar 2013. A lokacin da ta yi shekara ta biyu, duk da rasa fiye da rabin wasanninta na makarantar sakandare saboda alkawuran tawagar kasa, ta taimaka wa tawagar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na jihar. Yayinda yake ƙarami, Swanson ya zira kwallaye 24 da kuma taimakawa 12 a wasanni 18 kuma ya taimaka wa tawagar ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na jihar. Daga baya aka ba ta suna Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year na 2014-15 da Colorado Sports Hall of Fame 2015 High School Female Athlete of the Year . Bugu da kari, an ba ta suna NSCAA Youth Girls National Player of the Year na 2014 da 2015. A watan Janairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa Swanson ta ki amincewa da kwaleji domin ta zama kwararru kuma ta buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Portland Thorns FC lokacin da ta gama makarantar sakandare. Daga baya a wannan makon, mahaifinta ya ce rahotannin karya ne kuma Swanson zai shiga Bruins na Jami'ar California, Los Angeles don kakar 2016 kamar yadda aka tsara da farko. A watan Yulin 2016, an sanar da cewa ta jinkirta shiga UCLA har zuwa watan Janairun 2017, saboda alkawuran tawagar kasa don Wasannin Olympics na Rio da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016. Ta bayyana a cikin wasanni uku da ba na gasa ba a farkon 2017 kafin ta bar UCLA kafin ta fara kakar wasa ta farko don neman sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2017 |title=Mal Pugh Departs UCLA to Turn Pro |url=http://www.uclabruins.com/news/2017/4/17/womens-soccer-mal-pugh-departs-ucla-to-turn-pro.aspx |access-date=April 17, 2017 |website=[[UCLA Bruins]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:Washington_Spirit_vs_Bordeaux_2019-03-23_11.jpg|thumb|Swanson (sa'an nan Pugh) tare da Washington Spirit a cikin 2019]] === Washington Spirit (2017-2019) === Bayan hasashe da yawa game da inda za ta je lokacin da ta juya pro, Swanson a hukumance ta shiga Washington Spirit na NWSL a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2017 . Ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2017, da FC Kansas City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Chambers |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh makes historic pro soccer debut |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/05/22/mallory-pugh-makes-historic-pro-soccer-debut/ |website=The Denver Post}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye na farko a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2017, a kan Houston Dash . Taimako na farko na Swanson ya zo ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2017, a wasan da ya yi da Chicago Red Stars . Swanson ta yi rikodin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ta farko daga baya a cikin kakar a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2017, a kan Seattle Reign FC, inda ta kuma zama matashi na farko a tarihin NWSL don zira kwallaye da yawa a wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=October 9, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh named 2017 Washington Spirit MVP and Golden Boot Award winner |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2017/10/09/mallory-pugh-named-2017-washington-spirit-mvp-and-golden-boot-award-winner/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta farko kuma an kira ta dan wasan karshe na NWSL Rookie of the Year. Swanson ya kasance tare da Ruhu don kakar 2018. Ta ci gaba da ciwon PCL a gwiwarta ta dama a ranar 27 ga watan Mayu, wanda ya tilasta mata rasa wasanni 8. Ta koma filin wasa a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta a kan Seattle Reign FC. === Sky Blue FC (2020) === A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2020, a cikin 2020 NWSL College Draft, Ruhu ya sayar da Swanson zuwa Sky Blue FC don musayar zaɓuɓɓuka huɗu.[1] Ta fara wasan Sky Blue a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2020, a wasan NWSL Fall Series da tsohon kulob dinta, Washington Spirit, ta shiga wasan a minti na 61. Sky Blue ta lashe 2-1, tare da Swanson ta taimaka wa Margaret Purce a wasan da ya lashe a lokacin dakatarwar. === Chicago Stars (2021-yanzu) === A watan Disamba na 2020, Sky Blue ta sayar da Swanson da Sarah Woldmoe zuwa Chicago Red Stars (daga baya aka kira Chicago Stars FC) don musayar na huɗu da na takwas a cikin Draft na NWSL na 2021, zabin zagaye na farko a cikin Drapt na NWSL ya 2022, da kuma wurin jerin sunayen kasa da kasa na 2021-2022.[1] Swanson ta fara bugawa a gasar cin kofin NWSL ta 2021, inda ta fara wasan da kungiyar ta yi da Kansas City.[2] A cikin 2021, an zabi Swanson a matsayi na biyu don dan wasa mafi mahimmanci a cikin NWSL a bayan Jess Fishlock daga OL Reign . A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2023, mijin Swanson Dansby Swanson ya lura cewa NWSL za ta sauƙaƙa cinikayya ga Mallory Swanson zuwa wata ƙungiya idan Chicago Cubs ba su sanya hannu a kansa ga kwangila ba. Bayan ya rasa mafi yawan kakar 2023 ta NWSL saboda raunin gwiwa da ta samu yayin da take aiki a kasa da kasa tare da USWNT a watan Afrilu na 2023, Swanson ta dawo don farkon kakar 2024 ta NWSL kuma ta fara a farkon kakar wasa ta farko da Utah Royals a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=March 18, 2024 |title=Mallory Swanson returns to Chicago's starting lineup in season opener |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/mallory-mal-swanson-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-injury-return/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye na farko tun lokacin da ta ji rauni daga baya a watan a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2024, wanda ya daidaita don samun 1-1 draw a kan Orlando Pride . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2024 |title=After injury nightmare, USWNT's Swanson scores first goal in over a year |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/03/29/mal-swanson-goal-video-uswnt-chicago-red-stars-nwsl/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasa === A shekara ta 2011, Swanson ta halarci sansanin gano 'yan mata na kasa da shekaru 14 na shekara-shekara na Amurka daga 13 ga Yuli zuwa 7 ga Agusta a Portland, Oregon. An yi amfani da sansanin a matsayin kimantawa don sansanin horo na U-14 da aka gudanar a watan Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2011 |title=U.S. U-14 Girls' National Team I.D. Camp Opens in Portland, Ore. |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/42/u14-gnt-id-camp-opens-in-portland |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan aka kira Swanson zuwa sansanin horar da tawagar U-14 a Cibiyar Home Depot a Carson, California, daga Satumba 18 zuwa 25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2011 |title=U-14 Girls' National Team Holds Camp at The Home Depot Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/58/u14-gnt-holds-camp-at-the-hdc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A cikin 2012, Swanson ya halarci sansanin horar da tawagar U-15 daga Fabrairu 11 zuwa 18.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2012 |title=U-15 Girls' National Team to Hold Mega-Camp in Florida |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/13/u15-gnt-holds-megacamp-in-florida |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga tawagar don sansanin horo na biyu daga Yuni 3 zuwa 10 a Cibiyar Home Depot . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2012 |title=U.S. U-15 Girls' National Team Comes to The Home Depot Center for June Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/58/u15-gnt-comes-to-hdc-for-june-training-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Har ila yau, a lokacin rani, ƙungiyar U-14 ta ƙasa ta gudanar da sansanonin horo daban-daban guda uku don maye gurbin babban sansanin ganewa na shekarun da suka gabata. Swanson ya halarci sansanin na biyu, wanda ya gudana daga Agusta 12 zuwa 19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2012 |title=Under-14 Girls' National Team to Hold Second Training Camp of 2012 at The Home Depot Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/04/u14-gnt-to-hold-second-training-camp-of-2012-at-hdc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== U-17 WNT ==== A cikin 2013, Swanson ya halarci sansanin horar da tawagar U-15 daga Fabrairu 24 zuwa Maris 2 a Cibiyar Horar da Wasannin Olympics a [[Chola vista|Chula Vista, California]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2013 |title=U-15 Girls' National Team Opens Year with Training Camp in Chula Vista, California |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/04/u15-gnt-opens-year-in-chula-vista |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta koma kungiyar U-17 ta kasa kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa San José, Costa Rica don gasar cin kofin duniya a ƙarshen Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Travels to Women's World Cup Host Costa Rica for Three Matches |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/26/u17-wnt-travels-to-costa-rica-for-three-matches |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Swanson ya shiga kungiyar U-17 don sansanin horo daga Yuni 9 zuwa 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Heads to OTC in Chula Vista with 28 Players |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/21/u17-wnt-opens-new-cycle-with-training-camp-at-otc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin mata ta U-17 ta CONCACAF ta 2013, Swanson ta halarci wani sansanin horo na U-17 daga 21 zuwa 31 ga Yuli a [[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]], da kuma sansani a Lakewood Ranch, Florida, daga 15 zuwa 22 ga Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT to Hold Camp at Ohio State in Preparation for CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/22/u17-wnt-to-hold-camp-at-osu |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Prepares for CONCACAF Qualifying with Florida Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/59/u17-wnt-prepares-for-qualifying-with-florida-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ƙarshen Satumba 2013, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Women's Championship da aka gudanar a [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] daga 30 ga Oktoba zuwa 9 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2013 |title=Snow Names U.S. Roster for 2013 CONCACAF Women's Under-17 Championship in Jamaica |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/21/130925-snow-names-roster-for-u17-championships |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Kafin zuwa Jamaica, ƙungiyar ta sake horar da ita a Lakewood Ranch na kwanaki bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 and U-18 WNT Come Together for Florida Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/32/u17-and-u18-wnt-come-together-for-florida-training-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A lokacin gasar, Swanson ya kasance babban dan wasa kuma mai zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye biyar da taimakon uku.<ref name=":0" /> A wasan kusa da na karshe da Mexico a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, Amurka ta fadi a cikin hukunci bayan 1-1 a cikin tsari. Tare da matsayi na uku a gasar, Amurka ba ta cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2014 ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2013 |title=U-17 WNT Falls in Penalties to Mexico in Semifinals of 2013 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/40/u17-wnt-vs-mex-match-report |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance tare da tawagar U-17 ta kasa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 2014. Ta fara shekara tare da tawagar a sansanin horo daga Janairu 11 zuwa 19 a Carson, California. Sansanin ya yi aiki a matsayin shiri don gasar cin kofin duniya da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2014 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Opens 2014 at the National Training Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/28/u17-wnt-opens-2014 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen don gasar, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Horar da Kungiyar Kasa ta Amurka a Carson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2014 |title=U.S. Soccer to Host Four-Team U-17 Women's Tournament at National Training Center in Carson, Calif., from Feb. 5–9 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/46/140127-u17-wnt-feb-tourny-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan karshe na gasar a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, Amurka ta fuskanci Japan. A lokacin wasan, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na huɗu na gasar don taimakawa Amurka ta janye nasarar 2-1 kuma ta lashe gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2014 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Defeats Japan 2–1 to Win U-17 Women's NTC Invitational |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/23/140209-u17-wnt-2-jpn-1 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== U-20 WNT ==== A ƙarshen lokacinta tare da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta U-17, an kira Swanson zuwa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta u-20 don sansanin horo daga 22 ga Fabrairu zuwa 2 ga Maris wanda kuma ya nuna wasan da aka yi da China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Heads to Florida as Women's World Cup Prep Begins |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/54/u20-wnt-heads-to-florida |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 25 don sansanin horo na U-20 daga Afrilu 13 zuwa 20. A shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2014 a watan Agusta, kungiyar U-20 ta kuma horar da ita a watan Mayu da Yuli, tare da tafiya zuwa Turai a watan Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Heads to Olympic Training Center as 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Prep Continues |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/04/04/11/08/140404-u20-wnt-otc-domestic-camp-roster-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan sansanin karshe na tawagar daga Yuli 9 zuwa 23, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2014. A shekara 16, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2014 |title=U-20 WNT Holds Final Preparation Camp Ahead of FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/07/02/13/42/140702-u20-wnt-seattle-camp-roster |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2014 |title=Head Coach Michelle French Names USA's FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Roster |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/07/17/14/11/140717-u20wnt-wwc-roster |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya buga dukkan minti 90 na wasan farko na gasar da Jamus a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Opens 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup with 2–0 loss to Germany |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/05/21/00/140805-u20wntvger |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na biyu da Brazil a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, Swanson ya ji rauni a idon dama a minti na 27 kuma Taylor Racioppi ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Blanks Brazil, Moves into Second in Group at FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/08/23/09/140808-u20wntvbra-u20-world-cup |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Duk da raunin, Swanson ya ci gaba da fara sauran wasannin biyu na gasar.<ref name=":0" /> Kungiyar Amurka ta fadi ga Koriya DPR a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, wanda ya dakatar da ci gaban su a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Falls 3–1 in PKs to Korea DPR at 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/16/20/06/140816-u20-wnt-korea-dpr |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara ne a shekarar 2015 a sansanin horar da 'yan wasa na kasa na U-20 a Sanford, Florida, daga 24 zuwa 31 ga Janairu. Gidan horo ya nuna wasan da kulob din Bayern Munich na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Opens 2015 with Florida Camp and Match vs. Bayern Munich |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/01/11/12/06/150111-u20wnt-florida-camp-roster-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara a wannan wasan; duk da haka, an ci tawagar U-20 4-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Falls 4–0 to German Women's Bundesliga Side Bayern Munich |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/01/29/10/28/150127-u20wnt-falls-to-bayern-munich |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan sansanin horo, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 22 don gasar gayyata a La Manga, Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT to Bring 22 Players to La Manga Tournament Starting Feb. 28 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/02/17/13/09/150217-u20wnt-la-manga |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar, Swanson ya zira kwallaye biyu na wasan don taimakawa Amurka ta ci Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh's Brace Guides U-20 WNT Past Norway at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/05/18/54/150305-u20wnt-2-v-nor-0 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya sa tutar kyaftin din a lokacin wasan na biyu da kungiyar ta yi da Netherlands a ranar 7 ga watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Defeats the Netherlands 2–0 for Second Win at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/07/18/46/150307-u20wnt-2-ned-0-gamestory |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya buga dukkan minti 90 a wasan karshe da tawagar ta yi da Sweden a ranar 9 ga watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2015 |title=2–0 Win against Sweden for U-20 WNT Secures Three-Game Sweep at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/11/09/46/150309-u20wnt-2-swe-0-gamestory |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2015, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2015 a watan Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Head Coach Michelle French Names Roster for Womens World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/11/25/14/44/151125-u20wnt-french-names-roster-for-concacaf-u20-womens-world-cup-qualifying |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson shine dan wasan da ya fi kwarewa a cikin jerin sunayen kuma ya jagoranci tawagar.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Q&A: U-20 WNT's Mallory Pugh Hyped Up to Lead USA Through U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/04/20/31/151204-u20wnt-mallory-pugh-qa-concacaf-u20-womens-world-cup-qualifying |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko da Mexico a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, Swanson ya zira kwallaye a wasan kisa a minti na 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Opens World Cup Qualifying with 2–2 Draw vs. Mexico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/05/19/27/151204-u20wnt-opens-world-cup-qualifying-tournament-with-draw-vs-mexico |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Amurka ta cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 bayan da ta doke Honduras a wasan kusa da na karshe a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Qualifies for 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup After Defeating Honduras 7–0 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/12/04/36/151211-u20wnt-qualifies-for-2016-world-cup-with-7-0-semifinal-win-vs-honduras |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya taimaka wa tawagar ta lashe gasar tare da nasarar 1-0 a kan Kanada a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba. Bayan gasar, an ba Swanson kyautar Golden Boot don mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira da kuma Golden Ball don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2015 |title=Champions of CONCACAF! U-20 WNT Wins Fifth Regional Title with 1–0 Victory vs. Canada |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/14/01/53/151213-u20wnt-wins-2015-concacaf-u20-womens-championship-1-0-vs-canada |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, an ba Swanson suna 2015 US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh, Matt Miazga and Kevin Hensley Voted 2015 U.S. Soccer Player of the Year |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/18/17/37/151218-voted-2015-us-soccer-player-of-the-year |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Duk da kasancewa memba na babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa a cikin 2016, Swanson yana da shekaru 18 har yanzu yana da shekaru masu kyau don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016. Bayan dawowa daga wasannin Olympics, Swanson ya shiga kungiyar U-20 a sansanin horo a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2016 |title=Five Things To Know: U.S. U-20 Women's NTC Invitational |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/09/five-things-to-know-us-u20-womens-ntc-invitational |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta jagoranci tawagar U-20 ta Amurka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 inda ta kasance 'yar wasa mafi ƙwarewa a tawagar su tare da wasanni 23 na kasa da kasa da kwallaye 17.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Five Things To Know: U-20 WNT And The 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/11/five-things-to-know-u20-wnt-and-the-2016-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na biyu da New Zealand Amurka ta lashe 3-1, Swanson ya zira kwallaye kuma ya karbi dan wasan girmamawa na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Pugh's Inspiration to USA's Young Brigade |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/pugh-s-inspiration-to-usa-s-young-brigade-2852545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027204633/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/pugh-s-inspiration-to-usa-s-young-brigade-2852545 |archive-date=October 27, 2020 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Ta hanyar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 da kuma Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016, Swanson ta yi tarihi ta hanyar kasancewa 'yar wasan mata ta farko ta Amurka da ta taka leda a duka wasannin a wannan shekarar.<ref name="Teen No More, Mal Pugh Turns 20">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2018 |title=Teen No More, Mal Pugh Turns 20 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/teen-no-more-mal-pugh-turns-20 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson har yanzu zai kasance shekaru da suka cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2017 |title=Five Things To Know About Mallory Pugh |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/04/five-things-to-know-about-mallory-pugh |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> === Babban ƙungiyar ƙasa === ==== 2016 ==== [[Fayil:Mallory_Pugh_(37460720721)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Swanson tare da Amurka a kan New Zealand a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2017.]] Bayan nasarar da ta samu tare da tawagar mata ta kasa ta U-20, an kira Swanson zuwa babbar tawagar kasa don sansanin horo na farko na 2016 daga Janairu 5 zuwa 21 wanda ya kai ga wasan da Ireland. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi ƙanƙanta da za a kira zuwa ƙungiyar a cikin shekaru 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2015 |title=Ellis Names 26 for Training Camp Roster as U.S WNT Opens 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/31/15/16/151231-ellis-names-26-for-training-camp-as-wnt-opens-2016 |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, Swanson ta samu lambar yabo ta farko ga USWNT a lokacin wasan da ta yi da Ireland, ta zo ga Alex Morgan a minti na 58. Ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta fara buga wa tawagar ƙasa tun lokacin da Heather O'Reilly ta fara buga a shekara ta 2002. Daga nan sai ta zama 'yar wasan Amurka ta 19 da ta zira kwallaye a karon farko lokacin da ta zira kwallo ta farko a kasa da kasa a minti na 83 don samun nasarar Amurka 5-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Opens 2016 with 5–0 Win Against Republic of Ireland in Front of Record Crowd in San Diego |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/24/00/37/160123-wnt-opens-2016-with-5-0-win-against-republic-of-ireland-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-san-diego |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan bayyanarta ta farko, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 na 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da za a kira shi zuwa jerin sunayen cancantar Olympics na USWNT . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 20-Player Roster for 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/26/18/02/160126-wnt-ellis-names-20-player-roster-for-2016-concacaf-womens-olympic-qualifying |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko na tawagar da Costa Rica a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, Swanson ya maye gurbin Crystal Dunn a minti na 68.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2016 |title=WNT Opens 2016 Olympic Qualifying with Big 5–0 Win vs. Costa Rica in Frisco |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/11/03/41/160210-wnt-opens-2016-olympic-qualifying-with-big-5-0-win-vs-costa-rica-in-frisco |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta yi bayyanarta ta uku ga tawagar a wasan su na biyu na gasar, ta zo ga Ali Krieger a minti na 75 don taimakawa USWNT ta kayar da Mexico 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Through to Semifinals of 2016 Olympic Qualifying after 1–0 Win Against Mexico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/13/23/35/160213-wnt-continues-olympic-qualifying-with-1-0-win-against-mexico-in-frisco-texas |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta fara bugawa a wasan da kungiyar ta yi da Puerto Rico a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. A lokacin wasan, ta yi rikodin taimako a minti na 6. A minti na 18, dan wasan Puerto Rico Selimar Pagan ya saukar da Swanson a cikin akwatin kisa kuma an ba USWNT kisa, wanda Carli Lloyd ya zira kwallaye. A cikin minti na 60, Swanson ya aika da gicciye zuwa ga [[Alex Morgan]], amma an karkatar da shi daga mai tsaron gidan Puerto Rican Ashley Rivera kuma a cikin nata net.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2016 |title=WNT Tops Olympic Qualifying Group After 10–0 Shutout Against Puerto Rico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/16/04/45/160215-wnt-tops-olympic-qualifying-group-after-10-0-shutout-against-puerto-rico |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara ne a wasan kusa da na karshe da Trinidad da Tobago a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, ya taimaka wa USWNT ta cancanci zuwa Wasannin Olympics na 2016 a [[Rio de Janeiro]] bayan nasarar 5-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2016 |title=WNT Punches Ticket to Rio With 5–0 Win Against Trinidad & Tobago |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/20/04/35/160219-wnt-v-trinidad-tobago-qualifies-for-2016-olympics |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kuma fara wasan karshe da Kanada, ya taimaka wa USWNT lashe gasar bayan ya doke Kanada 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2016 |title=WNT Defeats Canada 2–0 to Win 2016 CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Championship |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/22/03/30/160221-wnt-defeats-canada-2-0-to-claim-2016-olympic-qualifying-title |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> An sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2016 wanda ya gudana daga Maris 3 zuwa 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2016 |title=USA Unveils SheBelieves Cup Roster as World's Top Teams Come to USA |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/26/18/51/160226-wnt-usa-england-france-germany-shebelieves-cup-top-players-come-for-international-tournament |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta fara ne a wasan farko na tawagar a ranar 3 ga watan Maris da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2016 |title=Dunn Strike Earns USA 1–0 Win Against England in First SheBelieves Cup Match |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/04/03/01/160303-wnt-crystal-dunn-fires-usa-to-win-vs-england-in-shebelieves-cup-opener |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan da aka yi da Faransa a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Swanson ya taimaka wa burin wasan kawai a lokacin dakatarwar, ya ba USWNT nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2016 |title=WNT Defeats France 1–0 at SheBelieves Cup on Stoppage Time Goal From Alex Morgan in Front of Record Crowd in Nashville |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/06/22/21/160306-wnt-defeats-france-1-0-at-shebelieves-cup-on-stoppage-time-goal-from-alex-morgan |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta kuma fito a wasan karshe na gasar da Jamus kuma USWNT ta lashe kofin SheBelieves na 2016 tare da nasarar 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2016 |title=USA Defeats Germany 2–1 to Win 2016 SheBelieves Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/10/03/54/160309-wnt-downs-germany-2-1-to-claim-inaugural-shebelieves-cup-title |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 don sansanin horo kafin wasanni biyu da Colombia a farkon watan Afrilu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 23 Players for April Friendly Matches Against Colombia |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/22/14/31/160322-wnt-ellis-names-23-players-for-april-friendly-matches-against-colombia |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na biyu na kasa da kasa daga taimakon Carli Lloyd a wasan farko na tawagar da Colombia. Daga nan sai ta taimaka wa burin Lloyd minti shida bayan haka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Defeats Colombia 7–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Connecticut |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/04/06/20/35/160406-wnt-defeats-colombia-7-0-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-connecticut |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta buga dukkan minti 90 a wasan na biyu da Colombia a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Tops Colombia 3–0 in Front of Sold-Out Crowd in Pennsylvania |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/04/10/17/15/160410-wnt-tops-colombia-3-0-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd-in-pennsylvania |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Lokacin da Swanson ta cika shekaru 18 a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2016, ta kara sunanta a cikin jerin rikodin, gami da na biyar a duk lokacin ga mafi yawan USWNT caps kafin shekaru 18 tare da 11, na uku ga mafi yawan burin kafin shekaru 18 da biyu, na huɗu a mafi yawan farawa kafin shekaru 18 amb bakwai, kuma na farko ga mafi yawan taimako kafin shekaru 18 með biyar.<ref name="ussoccer.com">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2018 |title=Teen no more, Mal Pugh turns 20 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/teen-no-more-mal-pugh-turns-20 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen gajeren sansanin horo a gaban wani jerin wasanni biyu da Japan a farkon watan Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 25 Players for Japan Friendlies |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/18/14/13/160518-wnt-ellis-names-25-players-to-training-camp-roster-for-japan-friendlies |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta buga dukkan minti 90 na wasan farko a ranar 2 ga Yuni a Commerce City, Colorado, kuma ta taimaka a minti na 27.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2016 |title=USA and Japan Play to Thrilling 3–3 Draw Before Sold Out Crowd in Colorado |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/06/03/05/03/160602-wnt-and-japan-play-to-thrilling-3-3-draw-before-sold-out-crowd-in-colorado |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson bai yi ado ba don wasan na biyu a ranar 5 ga Yuni saboda rashin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2016 |title=U.S. Soccer WNT on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/ussoccer_wnt/status/739487989567475716 |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=Twitter |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016 ==== A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2016, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin 'yan wasa 18 da za su wakilci Amurka a Wasannin Olympics na 2016 a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2016 |title=USA Head Coach Jill Ellis Names 2016 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/07/12/15/35/160712-wnt-jill-ellis-names-2016-us-olympic-womens-soccer-team |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta fara wasan Olympics a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta a wasan farko na kungiyar da New Zealand ta yi.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2016 |title=USA Opens 2016 Olympic Games With 2–0 Group G Win Against New Zealand |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/04/00/21/160803-wnt-160803-wnt-usa-opens-2016-olympic-games-with-2-0-group-g-win-against-new-zealand |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, Swanson ya zo ga [[Megan Rapinoe]] a minti na 33 na wasan karshe na kungiyar da Colombia. Ta zira kwallaye a minti na 59, ta zama dan wasan Amurka mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwallaya a gasar Olympics. Ta sanya Amurka a gaba 2-1 tare da burinta; duk da haka, wasan ya ƙare a 2-2 draw.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2016 |title=USA Wins Group G with 2–2 Draw vs. Colombia at 2016 Olympics |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/09/23/48/160809-wnt-wins-group-g-with-2-2-draw-vs-colombia-at-2016-olympics |access-date=August 9, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, Swanson ya fara wasan da Sweden a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta. Wasan ya kasance 1-1 bayan lokacin tsari kuma [[Lindsey Heaps|Lindsey Horan]] ya maye gurbin Swanson a minti na 114 a karin lokaci. Daga nan ne Sweden ta ci Amurka a wasan kisa.<ref name="swedenaug12">{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2016 |title=Dominant USA Falls to Sweden 4–3 in Penalty Shootout after 1–1 Draw in 2016 Olympic Quarterfinals |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/12/19/37/160812-wnt-falls-to-sweden-4-3-in-penalty-shootout-after-1-1-draw-in-2016-olympic-quarterfinals |access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref> ==== 2017 ==== [[Fayil:Mallory_Pugh_(36871426954)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Swanson tare da USWNT a cikin 2017]] A cikin wasanni 16 da USWNT ta buga a cikin 2017, Swanson ya buga a cikin 12 kuma ya fara a cikin 9 daga cikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2017 |title=2017 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2017 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> An sanya mata suna a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2017 |title=All four SheBelieves cup rosters released |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2017/02/21/all-four-shebelieves-cup-rosters-released/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref> Bayan ya juya 19 a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2017, rikodin Swanson na USWNT an ɗaure shi da [[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] na uku a tarihin USWNT don burin kafin shekaru 19 tare da hudu, na huɗu a cikin kawuna tare da 22, kuma na biyu a farawa tare da 15.<ref name="ussoccer.com" /> A watan Oktoba Swanson ya samu rauni a cikin hamstring yayin wasan da ya yi da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Koriya ta Kudu lokacin da USWNT ke cin nasara 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh out for 2nd South Korea Match |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2017/10/20/mallory-pugh-out-for-2nd-south-korea-match/106846612/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=USA Today}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== Swanson ta fara 2018 da karfi tare da aikinta na farko a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2018, a kan Denmark, USWNT ta lashe wasan 5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2018 |title=WNT Beats Reigning Euro Runners-Up Denmark 5–1 In Thrilling 2018 Opener |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/01/wnt-beats-reigning-euro-runnersup-denmark-51-in-thrilling-2018-opener |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan karshe da ta yi a matsayin matashiya a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2018, a kan Mexico ta zira kwallaye na biyar na shekara ta kalandar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2018 |title=Carli Lloyd Scores 100th Goal In Wild 6–2 Win vs. Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/carli-lloyd-scores-100th-goal-in-wild-62-win-vs-mexico |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Swanson ta kasance ta biyu a duk lokacin da ta fara kafin ta kai shekara 20 tare da 27, ta biyu a kowane lokaci a cikin ƙwallon kafin ta kai shekaru 20 tare da 11, kuma ta farko a duk lokacin a cikin taimakon kafin ta kai 20 tare da 12.<ref name="ussoccer.com" /> A ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2018, Swanson ta ji rauni a PCL a gwiwarta ta dama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2018 |title=USWNT Forward Mallory Pugh Out 8–10 Weeks With PCL Sprain |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/06/us-wnt-forward-mallory-pugh-out-810-weeks-with-pcl-sprain |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta dawo a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 2018, a wasan da ta yi da Chile. Amurka ta ci 3-0, Swanson ya taimaka wa burin na uku da Christen Press ya zira wanda ake girmamawa a wannan wasan don 100 na tawagar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=USA Dominates First-Ever Match vs. Chile, Wins 3–0 On Wild Night in Carson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/09/usa-dominates-firstever-match-vs-chile-wins-30-on-wild-night-in-carson |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== Swanson ya zira kwallaye na farko na shekara ga Amurka a cikin asarar 3-1 da Faransa ta buga a [[Le Havre]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=USWNT v France – 1/19/2019 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/competitions/uswnt-friendlies-2019/matches/united-states-vs-france |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta taka leda a gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2019 inda Amurka ta kammala a matsayin masu tsere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2019 |title=WNT Closes Out 2019 SheBelieves Cup With 1–0 Victory Against Brazil |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/03/wnt-closes-out-2019-shebelieves-cup-with-10-victory-against-brazil |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na biyu a wasan da ta yi da Australia, inda Amurka ta ci 5-3. Goal dinta na farko a wannan wasan ya zo ne kawai 37 seconds bayan da ta shiga filin wasa a minti na 67.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Morgan Scores 100th Goal as WNT Fights Back to Beat Australia 5–3 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/04/morgan-scores-100th-goal-as-wnt-fights-back-to-beat-australia-53 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta kuma zira kwallaye a kan Mexico a wasan karshe na Amurka kafin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2019 |title=USA Enjoys 3–0 Win Against Mexico in Final Match of Send-Off Series, Presented by Volpi Foods |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/us-womens-national-team-3-mexico-0-sendoff-series |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 ==== Swanson na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka kira don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. A shekara ta 21 ita ce ta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin jerin sunayen bayan Tierna Davidson mai shekaru 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2019 |title=Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/meet-the-usas-2019-fifa-womens-world-cup-team |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> USWNT ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2019, a kan Thailand, inda ta ci nasara da tarihi 13-0 . Swanson ta ci gaba a minti na 69, ta taimaka wa [[Megan Rapinoe]] a minti na 74 sannan daga baya ta zira kwallaye na farko a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA a minti na 85. Tana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 43 lokacin da ta zira kwallaye, wanda ya sa ta zama ta uku mafi ƙanƙanta a USWNT a tarihi da ta zira kwallo a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=USA Surges to World Cup Record 13–0 win in opening match against Thailand |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/06/usa-surges-to-world-cup-record-13-0-win-in-opening-match-against-thailand |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta bayyana a dukkan wasannin rukuni uku da ta yi da Thailand, Chile da Sweden. USWNT ta ci gaba da lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. ==== 2020 ==== An sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen don gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2020, wanda ya nuna bayyanarta ta biyar a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2020 |title=Andonovski Names Final 23 Player Roster for 2020 SheBelieves Cup Presented By Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/02/andonovski-names-final-23-player-roster-for-2020-shebelieves-cup-presented-by-visa |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan su na uku kuma na karshe na gasar da Japan, Amurka ta ci 3-1, Swanson ya taimaka wa kwallo da [[Lindsey Heaps|Lindsey Horan]] ya zira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2020 |title=USA Wins 2020 SheBelieves Cup with 3–1 Victory vs Japan |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan da USWNT ta sami hutu a wasan kasa da kasa saboda [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], Swanson bai samu shiga sansanin tawagar kasa da ake gudanarwa daga Oktoba 18-28, 2020 ba saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2020 |title=Vlatko Andonovski Names 27 Player Roster for First U.S. Women's National Team Training Camp in Seven Months |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/10/uswnt-head-coach-vlatko-andonovski-names-27-player-roster-for-october-training-camp |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2021 ==== Swanson ya fara shekarar halartar sansanin Janairu na shekara-shekara na Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2021 |title=The 2021 USWNT January camp roster is here |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2021/1/6/22215724/2021-uswnt-january-camp-roster-two-friendlies-colombia-orlando |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=Stars and Stripes FC}}</ref> Koyaya, rauni da wasa mara daidaituwa sun nuna cewa ba ta ga filin ga Amurka ba har sai daga baya a wannan shekarar, a cikin jerin wasannin sada zumunci a watan Satumba da Oktoba da Paraguay da ƙungiyar Koriya ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2021 |title=2021 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2021 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2022 |title=2021 USWNT's Mallory Pugh: 'I lost my game a little bit' after 2019 World Cup |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-nwsl-mallory-pugh-lost-game-world-cup/ |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> Komawar Swanson zuwa wasa ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ya ba da gudummawa uku a wasan farko da Paraguay, mafi yawa ga kowane ɗan wasan Amurka a wasa ɗaya tun lokacin da [[Alex Morgan]] a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2021 |title=International Friendly: USA 9 – Paraguay 0 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2021/09/international-friendly-uswnt-9-vs-paraguay-0-match-report-stats |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2022 ==== Swanson ya ga dawowa cikin al'ada a cikin 2022, yana wasa a wasanni 15 daga cikin wasanni 18 na Amurka kuma yana farawa 13 daga cikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2022 |title=2022 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2022 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Making the Case: Mallory Pugh for BioSteel U.S. Soccer Female Player of the Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/12/making-the-case-mallory-pugh-for-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> An sanya mata suna a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka a gasar cin kofin SheBelieves ta 2022 kuma ta gama a matsayin jagora mai zira kwallaye a gasar, ta buga bayan net sau ɗaya da New Zealand kuma sau biyu da Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team defeats Iceland 5–0 to win third consecutive and fifth overall SheBelieves Cup title, presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-iceland-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Yayin da shekara ta ci gaba, Swanson ta ci gaba da karya rikodin, na Amurka da nata. Goal din da ta yi da Uzbekistan a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu ya nuna jerin zira kwallaye hudu, ya wuce rikodin daga 2021 da [[Megan Rapinoe]] ta gudanar a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–0 as Catarina Macario and Rose Lavelle score twice each |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin CONCACAF W ta 2022, Swanson ta taka leda a tawagarta ta 75 ta Amurka, dan wasa na 49 da ya yi hakan kuma mafi ƙanƙanta tun Heather O'Reilly a shekara ta 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2022 |title=U.S. U.S. Women's National Team open 2022 CONCACAF W Championship with 2–0 win over Haiti |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-haiti-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Tana da kwallaye 14, kwallaye 7 da kuma taimakon 7 - mafi kyawun aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2022 |title=U.S. U.S. Women's National Team advances to CONCACAF W Championship Final with 3–0 against Costa Rica |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-costa-rica-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2023 ==== Swanson ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai karfi a farkon 2023, inda ta zira kwallaye sau uku a wasannin sada zumunci da New Zealand da kuma sau uku a gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2023. Wannan yana nufin ta zira kwallaye a wasanni biyar na USWNT a jere, mafi kyawun kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallory Swanson Goal Gives USA Important 1-0 Win Against Japan In Second Match Of 2023 SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-1-japan-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2023, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka ta tabbatar da cewa a lokacin wasan sada zumunci na USWNT da Ireland a ranar 8 ga Afrilu. Swanson ta tsage ta hagu. ==== 2024 ==== Bayan ta warke, Swanson ta koma USWNT don gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 a watan Afrilun 2024. A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, ta zira kwallaye a kan Koriya ta Kudu a wasan sada zumunci a jihar Colorado. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2024, an zaɓi Swanson zuwa jerin 'yan wasa 18 don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024 a Faransa, wanda ke nuna gasar Olympics ta biyu. A matakin rukuni, ta zira kwallaye a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata yan kasa shekara 17 ta kasar Zambiya|Zambia]] kuma ta kara da wani burin a kan Jamus. A cikin abin da ya kasance bayyanarta ta 100 a duniya, ta zira kwallaye na 57 don kayar da Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe na Olympics, ta sami lambar zinare. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Swanson [[Kirista]] ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doering |first=Joshua |date=February 23, 2023 |title=USWNT star Mallory Swanson wins SheBelieves Cup MVP as she lets God 'take it all' |url=https://sportsspectrum.com/sport/soccer/2023/02/23/uswnt-mallory-swanson-mvp-god-take-it-all/ |access-date=March 6, 2023 |website=Sports Spectrum}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2017, ta fara yin soyayya da dan wasan Major League Baseball mai suna Dansby Swanson bayan ta sadu da shi ta hanyar surukinta da tsohon abokin wasan Swanson Jace Peterson . Ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's Soccer Player Mallory Pugh Weds MLB's Dansby Swanson in 'Enchanted Forest' Ceremony! |url=https://people.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-mallory-pugh-marries-dansby-swanson/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=Peoplemag |language=en}}</ref> Ta fara amfani da sunanta na aure a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2023 |title=Mallory Swanson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/p/mallory-swanson |access-date=January 3, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2025 ma'auratan sun sanar a [[Instagram]] cewa suna jiran ɗansu na farko. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, Swanson ta haifi jariri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sacks |first=Hannah |date=19 November 2025 |title=Olympian Mallory Swanson Welcomes First Baby with MLB Player Husband Dansby Swanson |url=https://people.com/olympian-mallory-swanson-welcomes-first-baby-with-husband-dansby-swanson-11852914 |url-status= |access-date=16 August 2026 |website=PEOPLE}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|September 21, 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Wasanni[ƙasa-alpha 2] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Washington Spirit |2017 | rowspan="9" |NWSL |16 |6 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |6 |- |2018 |15 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |2 |- |2019 |9 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |2 |- |Sky Blue FC |2020 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 [ƙasa-alpha 3] |0 |1 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Chicago Red Stars |2021 |23 |4 |2 |1 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |27 |6 |- |2022 |16 |11 |5 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |15 |- |2023 |2 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |1 |- |2024 |19 |7 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |7 |- |2025 | colspan="10" |Bai yi wasa ba |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !100 !33 !7 !5 !3 !1 !1 !0 !111 !39 |} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played October 30, 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="10" |Amurka |2016 |17 |4 |- |2017 |12 |2 |- |2018 |14 |6 |- |2019 |19 |6 |- |2020 |1 |0 |- |2021 |4 |0 |- |2022 |15 |7 |- |2023 |6 |7 |- |2024 |15 |6 |- |2025 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !103 !38 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Amurka na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Swanson.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Mallory Swanson ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |January 23, 2016 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|IRL}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal001">{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Opens 2016 with 5–0 Win Against Republic of Ireland in Front of Record Crowd in San Diego |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/24/00/37/160123-wnt-opens-2016-with-5-0-win-against-republic-of-ireland-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-san-diego |access-date=January 24, 2015 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |April 6, 2016 |East Hartford, Connecticut |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |7–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal002">{{Cite web |title=U.S. WNT Defeats Colombia 7–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Connecticut |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2016/160406-wnt-v-col |access-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 |July 22, 2016 |Kansas City, Kansas |{{Fbw|Costa Rica}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal003">{{Cite web |title=Strong Performance Propels USA to 4–0 Win vs. Costa Rica in Final Olympic Tuneup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/07/23/04/18/160722-wnt-strong-performance-propels-usa-to-4-0-win-vs-costa-rica-in-final-olympic-tuneup |access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |4 |August 9, 2016 |[[Manaus]], Brazil |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |2016 Summer Olympics |<ref group="m" name="goal004">{{Cite web |title=USA Wins Group G with 2–2 Draw vs. Colombia at 2016 Olympics |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/09/23/48/160809-wnt-wins-group-g-with-2-2-draw-vs-colombia-at-2016-olympics |access-date=August 9, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |August 3, 2017 |Carson, California |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |2017 Tournament of Nations |<ref group="m" name="goal005">{{Cite web |title=Rapinoe, Pugh, Morgan Fire USA to 3–0 Win vs. Japan in Strong #ToN2017 Finish |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/04/03/40/20170803-recap-wnt-beats-japan-3-0-in-tournament-of-nations-finale |access-date=August 4, 2017 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |September 19, 2017 |Cincinnati, Ohio |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal006">{{Cite web |title=WNT Defeats New Zealand 5–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Cincinnati |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/09/20/01/44/20170919-recap-wnt-defeats-new-zealand-5-0-record-crowd-cincinnati-alex-morgan |access-date=January 24, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |7 | rowspan="2" |January 21, 2018 | rowspan="2" |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal007">{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2018 |title=WNT Beats Reigning EURO Runners-up Denmark 5–1 In Thrilling 2018 Opener |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/01/22/03/50/20180121-recap-wnt-beats-reigning-euro-runner-up-denmark-5-1-in-2018-san-diego-friendly |access-date=January 24, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |March 4, 2018 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|France}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–1 |2018 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal009">{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2018 |title=WNT Plays France to 1–1 Draw Before 25,706 fans at 2018 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/03/04/19/17/20180304-recap-wnt-plays-france-to-1-1-draw-in-second-2018-shebeleievs-cup-game |access-date=March 6, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |April 5, 2018 |Jacksonville, Florida |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal010">{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2018 |title=WNT Dispatches Mexico 4–1 in First of Two April Friendlies |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/06/01/01/20180405-recap-wnt-dispatches-mexico-4-1-in-first-of-two-april-friendlies-jacksonville |access-date=April 6, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |11 |April 8, 2018 |[[Houston|Houston, Texas]] |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |6–2 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal011">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2018 |title=U.S. WNT vs. Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2018/20180408-wnt-vs-mexico#tab-1 |access-date=April 11, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |12 |September 4, 2018 |San Jose, California |{{Fbw|Chile}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal012">{{Cite web |title=WNT Caps Two-Game Series Sweep of World Cup-Bound Chile with Dominant 4-0 Win in San Jose |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/09/wnt-caps-twogame-series-sweep-of-world-cupbound-chile-with-dominant-40-win-in-san-jose |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |13 |January 19, 2019 |[[Le Havre]], France |{{Fbw|France}} | style="text-align:center" |1–3 | style="text-align:center" |1–3 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal013">{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2019 |title=USA Drops 3–1 Result Away to World Cup Hosts France in First Game of 2019 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2019/20190119-wnt-vs-france#tab-1 |access-date=January 24, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |14 | rowspan="2" |April 4, 2019 | rowspan="2" |Commerce City, Colorado | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Australia}} | style="text-align:center" |4–2 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal1415">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2019 |title=MORGAN SCORES 100TH GOAL AS WNT FIGHTS BACK TO BEAT AUSTRALIA 5–3 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/04/05/03/09/20190404-wnt-fights-back-beats-australia-5-3-denver-morgan-100 |access-date=May 13, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |15 | style="text-align:center" |5–3 |- | style="text-align:center" |16 |May 26, 2019 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal016">{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2019 |title=USA ENJOYS 3–0 WIN AGAINST MEXICO IN FINAL MATCH OF SEND-OFF SERIES |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/us-womens-national-team-3-mexico-0-sendoff-series |access-date=May 28, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |17 |June 11, 2019 |[[Reims]], France |{{Fbw|Thailand}} | style="text-align:center" |11–0 | style="text-align:center" |13–0 |2019 FIFA Women's World Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal017">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=USA SURGES TO WORLD CUP RECORD 13–0 WIN IN OPENING MATCH AGAINST THAILAND |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/06/usa-surges-to-world-cup-record-13-0-win-in-opening-match-against-thailand |access-date=June 11, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |18 |October 3, 2019 |[[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte, North Carolina]] |{{Fbw|South Korea}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal018"> {{Cite web |date=October 3, 2019 |title=US BEATS SOUTH KOREA IN FRIENDLY IN MEGAN RAPINOE'S RETURN TO ACTION |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report%3fgameId=554744&platform=amp |access-date=October 3, 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |19 |February 20, 2022 |Carson, California |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |2022 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal019">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats New Zealand 5–0 on Second Match Day of 2022 in SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |20 | rowspan="2" |February 23, 2022 | rowspan="2" |[[Frisco, Texas]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Iceland}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal020 and 021">{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Iceland 5–0 to Win Third Consecutive and Fifth Overall SheBelieves Cup Title, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-iceland-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |21 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |22 |April 9, 2022 |[[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]] |{{Fbw|Uzbekistan}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |9–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal022">{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–1 as Forward Sophia Smith Records First Career Hat Trick |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-1-match-report-stats-standings |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |23 |April 12, 2022 |Chester, Pennsylvania |{{Fbw|Uzbekistan}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |9–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal023">{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–0 as Catarina Macario and Rose Lavelle Score Twice Each |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-0-match-report-stats-standings- |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |24 |July 14, 2022 |San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico |{{Fbw|Costa Rica}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |2022 CONCACAF W Championship |<ref group="m" name="goal024">{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to CONCACAF W Championship Final With 3–0 Win Against Costa Rica |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-costa-rica-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |25 |November 13, 2022 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|Germany}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal025">{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2022 |title=USWNT Closes Bold Final Stretch of 2022 Schedule With 2–1 Comeback Win Against Germany |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/11/international-friendly-uswnt-2-germany-1-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |26 | rowspan="2" |January 18, 2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Wellington]], New Zealand | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal026">{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2023 With 4-0 Win Against FIFA Women's World Cup Co-Host New Zealand in Wellington |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/international-friendly-uswnt-4-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |27 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |28 |January 21, 2023 |[[Auckland]], New Zealand |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal028">{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Closes January Camp With 5-0 Win Against World Cup Co-Host New Zealand at Eden Park in Auckland |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/international-friendly-uswnt-5-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |29 | rowspan="2" |February 16, 2023 | rowspan="2" |Orlando, Florida | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Canada}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2023 SheBelieves Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal029 and 030">{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2023 SheBelieves Cup With 2-0 Win Over Canada Behind Brace From Mallory Swanson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-2-canada-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |30 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |31 |February 19, 2023 |Nashville, Tennessee |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="4" |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal031">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2023 |title=Mallory Swanson Goal Gives USA Important 1-0 Win Against Japan in Second Match of 2023 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by VISA |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-1-japan-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |32 |February 22, 2023 |[[Frisco, Texas]] |{{Fbw|Brazil}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal032">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USA BEATS BRAZIL 2-1 TO WIN 2023 SHEBELIEVES CUP PRESENTED BY VISA |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-2-brazil-1-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |33 | rowspan="2" |June 1, 2024 | rowspan="2" |Commerce City, Colorado | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|KOR}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal033">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Kicks Off Emma Hayes Era in Grand Fashion with Dominant 4-0 Victory over Korea Republic |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/uswnt-vs-korea-republic-score-result-highlights-goals-stats-match-recap |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |34 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |35 | rowspan="2" |July 25, 2024 | rowspan="2" |[[Nice|Nice, France]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|ZAM}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="4" |2024 Summer Olympics | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal035and036">{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Zambia 3-0 to Open 2024 Olympics |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-zambia-score-result-goals-stats-highlights-match-recap-paris-olympics-july-25 |website=U.S. Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |36 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |37 |July 28, 2024 |[[Marseille|Marseille, France]] |{{Fbw|GER}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal037">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Downs Germany 4-1 To Advance to Quarterfinals at 2024 Summer Olympics |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-germany-score-result-goals-stats-highlights-match-recap-paris-olympics-july-28 |website=U.S. Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |38 |August 10, 2024 |[[Faris|Paris, France]] |{{Fbw|BRA}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | |} == Daraja == '''Amurka''' * Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenblatt |first=Kalhan |date=July 7, 2019 |title=U.S. women's soccer team wins 2019 World Cup over the Netherlands in 2-0 final |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-women-s-soccer-team-win-2019-world-cup-n1027206 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=}}</ref> * Medal na zinare na Wasannin Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF: 2018; 2022 * SheBelieves Cup: 2016; 2018; 2020; 2022; 2023, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2016 |title=USA Defeats Germany 2–1 to Win 2016 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/10/03/54/160309-wnt-downs-germany-2-1-to-claim-inaugural-shebelieves-cup-title |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2018 |title=WNT Wins 2018 SheBelieves Cup With 1–0 Victory vs. England |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/03/08/02/29/20183007-recap-wnt-wins-2018-shebelieves-cup-with-1-0-win-vs-england}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2020 |title=USA Wins 2020 SheBelieves Cup With 3–1 Victory vs. Japan |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Sandra |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USWNT vs. Brazil score: USA win SheBelieves Cup with Alex Morgan and Mallory Swanson dominating in attack |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/uswnt-vs-brazil-score-usa-win-shebelieves-cup-with-alex-morgan-and-mallory-swanson-dominating-in-attack/live/ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |website=CBS Sports |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Matashiyar Mata ta Shekara: 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh named 2015 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year |url=http://blogs.denverpost.com/preps/2015/12/18/mallory-pugh-named-2015-u-s-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year/18480/ |access-date=January 24, 2016 |website=Denver Post}}</ref> * [[Kyautar Gatorade Player of the Year|Gatorade National Female Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2015 |title=UCLA W Soccer Commit Mallory Pugh Wins Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year |url=http://la.suntimes.com/college-ucla-bruins/7/88/258848/ucla-w-soccer-commit-mallory-pugh-wins-gatorade-national-girls-soccer-player-of-the-year |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130085608/http://la.suntimes.com/college-ucla-bruins/7/88/258848/ucla-w-soccer-commit-mallory-pugh-wins-gatorade-national-girls-soccer-player-of-the-year |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2016 |publisher=Sun Times Network}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Kocin Kwallon Kafa ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (NSCAA) Matasa 'Yan wasa na Ƙasa na Shekara: 2014 <ref name="ecnl_bio">{{Cite web |title=Mallory Diane "Mal" Pugh |url=http://www.eliteclubsnationalleague.com/teams/49564626/29767343-49564720/29343707.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063511/http://www.eliteclubsnationalleague.com/teams/49564626/29767343-49564720/29343707.html |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=March 12, 2016 |publisher=Elite Clubs National League}}</ref> * NSCAA Youth All-America Team: 2013 <ref name="ecnl_bio" /> * Wasanni Hotuna Wasanni Kid na Shekara Top 5 Finalist: 2012 <ref name="ecnl_bio" /> * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> * SheBelieves Cup Babban mai zira kwallaye: 2023 <ref name=":4" /> * ESPN FC Women's Rank: # 15 a cikin jerin [[ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024|2024]] na 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata 50 mafi kyau 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2024 |title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/42095376/espn-2024-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3h58cr39vfbx6ygu07tr4m26bxnl6qm 916057 916056 2026-09-04T11:41:28Z Santa MMD 23886 916057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mallory Diane Swanson''' (née Pugh; an haife ta a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1998) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai gaba ga Chicago Stars FC na Kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Mata ta Kasa (NWSL) da Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka (USWNT). Bayan ya yi wasa sosai a matakin 'yan kasa da shekara 17 da na kasa da shekaru 20, Swanson ya fara bugawa USWNT a shekarar 2016 yana da shekaru 17, ya zama dan wasan da ya fi ƙanƙanta tun bayan Heather O'Reilly a 2002. Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta wakilci Amurka a gasar Olympics ta 2016 a Rio de Janeiro, inda ta zama ƙaramar mai zira kwallaye a gasar Olympics a Amurka. Ta lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 da zinariya a gasar Olympics ta Paris ta 2024, inda ta zira kwallaye guda daya a wasan karshe na Olympics. Swanson ta zaba don barin aikinta na kwaleji a UCLA don zama ƙwararru a cikin 2017, ta sanya hannu tare da Washington Spirit, inda ta zauna na tsawon shekaru uku kafin ta yi wasa a Sky Blue FC. Daga nan aka sayar da ita zuwa Chicago Red Stars, tana wasa a wannan birni kamar mijinta, dan wasan baseball na Chicago Cubs Dansby Swanson . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta ne a Littleton, Colorado, ga Karen da Horace Pugh, Swanson ta girma tare da 'yar'uwarta Brianna a Highlands Ranch, Colorado. Mahaifiyarta mai tsere ce mai nisa kuma mahaifinta ya yi tsere kuma ya buga kwallon kafa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lyon |first=Loretha |date=July 23, 2016 |title=Mallory Pugh's Parents |url=http://www.empireboobookitty.com/2016/07/mallory-pugh-parents.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010222918/http://www.empireboobookitty.com/2016/07/mallory-pugh-parents.html |archive-date=October 10, 2017 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Empire Boo Boo Kitty}}</ref> Yayinda take girma, Swanson ta dauki 'yar'uwarta Brianna a matsayin abin koyi kuma ta ambaci ta a matsayin dalilin da ya sa ta fara kwallon kafa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Belger |first=Hollis |date=February 22, 2016 |title=Teenager Mallory Pugh is the Future of Women's Soccer |url=http://www.sikids.com/si-kids/2016/02/22/teenager-mallory-pugh-future-womens-soccer |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Sports Illustrated Kids |publisher=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> Ta fara buga kwallon kafa tun tana 'yar shekara hudu sannan ta bi sawun 'yar'uwarta kuma ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Real Colorado a cikin Elite Clubs National League . <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Woitalla |first=Mike |date=April 8, 2016 |title=Mallory Pugh: The teen star's amazing rise and how it all started |url=http://www.socceramerica.com/article/68353/mallory-pugh-the-teen-stars-amazing-rise-and-how.html |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=Youth Soccer Insider |publisher=Soccer America}}</ref> Ta taka leda a kungiyar gasa tare da kulob din a matakin U-11 ta hanyar U-18; kodayake ta fara buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin U-5.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mallory Pugh |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/players/2014/03/15/05/00/mallory-pugh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424121835/http://www.ussoccer.com/players/2014/03/15/05/00/mallory-pugh |archive-date=April 24, 2016 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata tare da tawagar, sau da yawa tana horar da tawagar Boys Development Academy ta kulob din.<ref name=":2" /> Swanson ya taimaka wa Real Colorado ta lashe lambar yabo ta jihar a 2010 da 2011. Bugu da kari, tawagar ta kai ga wasan karshe na Elite Clubs National League a duka 2013 da 2014. <ref name=":0" /> A matakin U-16, Real Colorado ta lashe lambar yabo ta jihohi da na yanki kuma ta zama ta biyu a cikin kasa. An kira Swanson MVP na gasar yanki a wannan shekarar.<ref name=":0" />{{Quote box|As her parents, we know how she is. She's not hard on herself; she's just always looking to get better. We go to the games now and we're excited. Like, 'What is she going to do?' That's the fun part of it: What is she going to do?}}Swanson ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Mountain Vista a Highlands Ranch daga 2012 zuwa 2016. A cikin shekaru uku da ta yi tare da tawagar, Swanson ta zira kwallaye 47 kuma ta zira kwallan 23. A matsayinta na sabon shiga, an sanya wa Swanson suna a cikin All-Colorado Team bayan ta jagoranci tawagarta zuwa taken jihar. An ba ta suna MVP mai cin zarafi a Mountain Vista da kuma NSCAA Youth All-American na shekarar 2013. A lokacin da ta yi shekara ta biyu, duk da rasa fiye da rabin wasanninta na makarantar sakandare saboda alkawuran tawagar kasa, ta taimaka wa tawagar zuwa wasan kusa da na karshe na jihar. Yayinda yake ƙarami, Swanson ya zira kwallaye 24 da kuma taimakawa 12 a wasanni 18 kuma ya taimaka wa tawagar ta kai wasan kusa da na karshe na jihar. Daga baya aka ba ta suna Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year na 2014-15 da Colorado Sports Hall of Fame 2015 High School Female Athlete of the Year . Bugu da kari, an ba ta suna NSCAA Youth Girls National Player of the Year na 2014 da 2015. A watan Janairun 2016, an ruwaito cewa Swanson ta ki amincewa da kwaleji domin ta zama kwararru kuma ta buga wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Portland Thorns FC lokacin da ta gama makarantar sakandare. Daga baya a wannan makon, mahaifinta ya ce rahotannin karya ne kuma Swanson zai shiga Bruins na Jami'ar California, Los Angeles don kakar 2016 kamar yadda aka tsara da farko. A watan Yulin 2016, an sanar da cewa ta jinkirta shiga UCLA har zuwa watan Janairun 2017, saboda alkawuran tawagar kasa don Wasannin Olympics na Rio da kuma gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016. Ta bayyana a cikin wasanni uku da ba na gasa ba a farkon 2017 kafin ta bar UCLA kafin ta fara kakar wasa ta farko don neman sana'a.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2017 |title=Mal Pugh Departs UCLA to Turn Pro |url=http://www.uclabruins.com/news/2017/4/17/womens-soccer-mal-pugh-departs-ucla-to-turn-pro.aspx |access-date=April 17, 2017 |website=[[UCLA Bruins]]}}</ref> == Ayyukan kulob din == [[Fayil:Washington_Spirit_vs_Bordeaux_2019-03-23_11.jpg|thumb|Swanson (sa'an nan Pugh) tare da Washington Spirit a cikin 2019]] === Washington Spirit (2017-2019) === Bayan hasashe da yawa game da inda za ta je lokacin da ta juya pro, Swanson a hukumance ta shiga Washington Spirit na NWSL a ranar 13 ga Mayu, 2017 . Ta fara bugawa Spirit wasa a ranar 20 ga Mayu, 2017, da FC Kansas City.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Chambers |date=May 22, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh makes historic pro soccer debut |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/05/22/mallory-pugh-makes-historic-pro-soccer-debut/ |website=The Denver Post}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye na farko a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 2017, a kan Houston Dash . Taimako na farko na Swanson ya zo ne a ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, 2017, a wasan da ya yi da Chicago Red Stars . Swanson ta yi rikodin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ta farko daga baya a cikin kakar a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2017, a kan Seattle Reign FC, inda ta kuma zama matashi na farko a tarihin NWSL don zira kwallaye da yawa a wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spirit |first=Washington |date=October 9, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh named 2017 Washington Spirit MVP and Golden Boot Award winner |url=https://washingtonspirit.com/blog/2017/10/09/mallory-pugh-named-2017-washington-spirit-mvp-and-golden-boot-award-winner/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Washington Spirit |language=en-US}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye 6 a kakar wasa ta farko kuma an kira ta dan wasan karshe na NWSL Rookie of the Year. Swanson ya kasance tare da Ruhu don kakar 2018. Ta ci gaba da ciwon PCL a gwiwarta ta dama a ranar 27 ga watan Mayu, wanda ya tilasta mata rasa wasanni 8. Ta koma filin wasa a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta a kan Seattle Reign FC. === Sky Blue FC (2020) === A ranar 16 ga watan Janairun 2020, a cikin 2020 NWSL College Draft, Ruhu ya sayar da Swanson zuwa Sky Blue FC don musayar zaɓuɓɓuka huɗu.[1] Ta fara wasan Sky Blue a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2020, a wasan NWSL Fall Series da tsohon kulob dinta, Washington Spirit, ta shiga wasan a minti na 61. Sky Blue ta lashe 2-1, tare da Swanson ta taimaka wa Margaret Purce a wasan da ya lashe a lokacin dakatarwar. === Chicago Stars (2021-yanzu) === A watan Disamba na 2020, Sky Blue ta sayar da Swanson da Sarah Woldmoe zuwa Chicago Red Stars (daga baya aka kira Chicago Stars FC) don musayar na huɗu da na takwas a cikin Draft na NWSL na 2021, zabin zagaye na farko a cikin Drapt na NWSL ya 2022, da kuma wurin jerin sunayen kasa da kasa na 2021-2022.[1] Swanson ta fara bugawa a gasar cin kofin NWSL ta 2021, inda ta fara wasan da kungiyar ta yi da Kansas City.[2] A cikin 2021, an zabi Swanson a matsayi na biyu don dan wasa mafi mahimmanci a cikin NWSL a bayan Jess Fishlock daga OL Reign . A ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 2023, mijin Swanson Dansby Swanson ya lura cewa NWSL za ta sauƙaƙa cinikayya ga Mallory Swanson zuwa wata ƙungiya idan Chicago Cubs ba su sanya hannu a kansa ga kwangila ba. Bayan ya rasa mafi yawan kakar 2023 ta NWSL saboda raunin gwiwa da ta samu yayin da take aiki a kasa da kasa tare da USWNT a watan Afrilu na 2023, Swanson ta dawo don farkon kakar 2024 ta NWSL kuma ta fara a farkon kakar wasa ta farko da Utah Royals a ranar 16 ga Maris, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hruby |first=Emma |date=March 18, 2024 |title=Mallory Swanson returns to Chicago's starting lineup in season opener |url=https://justwomenssports.com/reads/mallory-mal-swanson-chicago-red-stars-nwsl-opener-injury-return/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Just Women's Sports |language=en}}</ref> Swanson ta zira kwallaye na farko tun lokacin da ta ji rauni daga baya a watan a ranar 29 ga Maris, 2024, wanda ya daidaita don samun 1-1 draw a kan Orlando Pride . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2024 |title=After injury nightmare, USWNT's Swanson scores first goal in over a year |url=https://prosoccerwire.usatoday.com/2024/03/29/mal-swanson-goal-video-uswnt-chicago-red-stars-nwsl/ |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=Pro Soccer Wire |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kasa da kasa == === Ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasa === A shekara ta 2011, Swanson ta halarci sansanin gano 'yan mata na kasa da shekaru 14 na shekara-shekara na Amurka daga 13 ga Yuli zuwa 7 ga Agusta a Portland, Oregon. An yi amfani da sansanin a matsayin kimantawa don sansanin horo na U-14 da aka gudanar a watan Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 1, 2011 |title=U.S. U-14 Girls' National Team I.D. Camp Opens in Portland, Ore. |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/42/u14-gnt-id-camp-opens-in-portland |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan aka kira Swanson zuwa sansanin horar da tawagar U-14 a Cibiyar Home Depot a Carson, California, daga Satumba 18 zuwa 25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2011 |title=U-14 Girls' National Team Holds Camp at The Home Depot Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/58/u14-gnt-holds-camp-at-the-hdc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A cikin 2012, Swanson ya halarci sansanin horar da tawagar U-15 daga Fabrairu 11 zuwa 18.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2012 |title=U-15 Girls' National Team to Hold Mega-Camp in Florida |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/13/u15-gnt-holds-megacamp-in-florida |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta shiga tawagar don sansanin horo na biyu daga Yuni 3 zuwa 10 a Cibiyar Home Depot . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 2, 2012 |title=U.S. U-15 Girls' National Team Comes to The Home Depot Center for June Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/58/u15-gnt-comes-to-hdc-for-june-training-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Har ila yau, a lokacin rani, ƙungiyar U-14 ta ƙasa ta gudanar da sansanonin horo daban-daban guda uku don maye gurbin babban sansanin ganewa na shekarun da suka gabata. Swanson ya halarci sansanin na biyu, wanda ya gudana daga Agusta 12 zuwa 19.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2012 |title=Under-14 Girls' National Team to Hold Second Training Camp of 2012 at The Home Depot Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/04/u14-gnt-to-hold-second-training-camp-of-2012-at-hdc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== U-17 WNT ==== A cikin 2013, Swanson ya halarci sansanin horar da tawagar U-15 daga Fabrairu 24 zuwa Maris 2 a Cibiyar Horar da Wasannin Olympics a [[Chola vista|Chula Vista, California]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2013 |title=U-15 Girls' National Team Opens Year with Training Camp in Chula Vista, California |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/04/u15-gnt-opens-year-in-chula-vista |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta koma kungiyar U-17 ta kasa kuma ta yi tafiya zuwa San José, Costa Rica don gasar cin kofin duniya a ƙarshen Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Travels to Women's World Cup Host Costa Rica for Three Matches |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/26/u17-wnt-travels-to-costa-rica-for-three-matches |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan gasar, Swanson ya shiga kungiyar U-17 don sansanin horo daga Yuni 9 zuwa 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 6, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Heads to OTC in Chula Vista with 28 Players |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/21/u17-wnt-opens-new-cycle-with-training-camp-at-otc |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin mata ta U-17 ta CONCACAF ta 2013, Swanson ta halarci wani sansanin horo na U-17 daga 21 zuwa 31 ga Yuli a [[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]], da kuma sansani a Lakewood Ranch, Florida, daga 15 zuwa 22 ga Satumba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT to Hold Camp at Ohio State in Preparation for CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/22/u17-wnt-to-hold-camp-at-osu |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 11, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Prepares for CONCACAF Qualifying with Florida Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/59/u17-wnt-prepares-for-qualifying-with-florida-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ƙarshen Satumba 2013, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen 2013 CONCACAF U-17 Women's Championship da aka gudanar a [[Jamaika|Jamaica]] daga 30 ga Oktoba zuwa 9 ga Nuwamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 25, 2013 |title=Snow Names U.S. Roster for 2013 CONCACAF Women's Under-17 Championship in Jamaica |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/21/130925-snow-names-roster-for-u17-championships |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Kafin zuwa Jamaica, ƙungiyar ta sake horar da ita a Lakewood Ranch na kwanaki bakwai.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2013 |title=U.S. U-17 and U-18 WNT Come Together for Florida Training Camp |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/32/u17-and-u18-wnt-come-together-for-florida-training-camp |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A lokacin gasar, Swanson ya kasance babban dan wasa kuma mai zira kwallaye tare da kwallaye biyar da taimakon uku.<ref name=":0" /> A wasan kusa da na karshe da Mexico a ranar 7 ga watan Nuwamba, Amurka ta fadi a cikin hukunci bayan 1-1 a cikin tsari. Tare da matsayi na uku a gasar, Amurka ba ta cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-17 ta 2014 ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2013 |title=U-17 WNT Falls in Penalties to Mexico in Semifinals of 2013 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/11/40/u17-wnt-vs-mex-match-report |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance tare da tawagar U-17 ta kasa na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin 2014. Ta fara shekara tare da tawagar a sansanin horo daga Janairu 11 zuwa 19 a Carson, California. Sansanin ya yi aiki a matsayin shiri don gasar cin kofin duniya da aka gudanar a watan Fabrairu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2014 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Opens 2014 at the National Training Center |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/28/u17-wnt-opens-2014 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen don gasar, wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Horar da Kungiyar Kasa ta Amurka a Carson.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2014 |title=U.S. Soccer to Host Four-Team U-17 Women's Tournament at National Training Center in Carson, Calif., from Feb. 5–9 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/46/140127-u17-wnt-feb-tourny-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan karshe na gasar a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, Amurka ta fuskanci Japan. A lokacin wasan, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na huɗu na gasar don taimakawa Amurka ta janye nasarar 2-1 kuma ta lashe gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2014 |title=U.S. U-17 WNT Defeats Japan 2–1 to Win U-17 Women's NTC Invitational |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/23/140209-u17-wnt-2-jpn-1 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== U-20 WNT ==== A ƙarshen lokacinta tare da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta U-17, an kira Swanson zuwa ƙungiyar ƙasa ta u-20 don sansanin horo daga 22 ga Fabrairu zuwa 2 ga Maris wanda kuma ya nuna wasan da aka yi da China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Heads to Florida as Women's World Cup Prep Begins |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/12/54/u20-wnt-heads-to-florida |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 25 don sansanin horo na U-20 daga Afrilu 13 zuwa 20. A shirye-shiryen gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2014 a watan Agusta, kungiyar U-20 ta kuma horar da ita a watan Mayu da Yuli, tare da tafiya zuwa Turai a watan Yuni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Heads to Olympic Training Center as 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Prep Continues |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/04/04/11/08/140404-u20-wnt-otc-domestic-camp-roster-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan sansanin karshe na tawagar daga Yuli 9 zuwa 23, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2014. A shekara 16, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin ƙungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2, 2014 |title=U-20 WNT Holds Final Preparation Camp Ahead of FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/07/02/13/42/140702-u20-wnt-seattle-camp-roster |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 17, 2014 |title=Head Coach Michelle French Names USA's FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup Roster |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/07/17/14/11/140717-u20wnt-wwc-roster |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya buga dukkan minti 90 na wasan farko na gasar da Jamus a ranar 5 ga watan Agusta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Opens 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup with 2–0 loss to Germany |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/05/21/00/140805-u20wntvger |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na biyu da Brazil a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, Swanson ya ji rauni a idon dama a minti na 27 kuma Taylor Racioppi ya maye gurbinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Blanks Brazil, Moves into Second in Group at FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/08/23/09/140808-u20wntvbra-u20-world-cup |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Duk da raunin, Swanson ya ci gaba da fara sauran wasannin biyu na gasar.<ref name=":0" /> Kungiyar Amurka ta fadi ga Koriya DPR a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, wanda ya dakatar da ci gaban su a gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2014 |title=U.S. U-20 WNT Falls 3–1 in PKs to Korea DPR at 2014 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/08/16/20/06/140816-u20-wnt-korea-dpr |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara ne a shekarar 2015 a sansanin horar da 'yan wasa na kasa na U-20 a Sanford, Florida, daga 24 zuwa 31 ga Janairu. Gidan horo ya nuna wasan da kulob din Bayern Munich na Jamus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Opens 2015 with Florida Camp and Match vs. Bayern Munich |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/01/11/12/06/150111-u20wnt-florida-camp-roster-rel |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara a wannan wasan; duk da haka, an ci tawagar U-20 4-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 27, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Falls 4–0 to German Women's Bundesliga Side Bayern Munich |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/01/29/10/28/150127-u20wnt-falls-to-bayern-munich |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan sansanin horo, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 22 don gasar gayyata a La Manga, Spain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT to Bring 22 Players to La Manga Tournament Starting Feb. 28 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/02/17/13/09/150217-u20wnt-la-manga |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar, Swanson ya zira kwallaye biyu na wasan don taimakawa Amurka ta ci Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh's Brace Guides U-20 WNT Past Norway at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/05/18/54/150305-u20wnt-2-v-nor-0 |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya sa tutar kyaftin din a lokacin wasan na biyu da kungiyar ta yi da Netherlands a ranar 7 ga watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Defeats the Netherlands 2–0 for Second Win at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/07/18/46/150307-u20wnt-2-ned-0-gamestory |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya buga dukkan minti 90 a wasan karshe da tawagar ta yi da Sweden a ranar 9 ga watan Maris.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2015 |title=2–0 Win against Sweden for U-20 WNT Secures Three-Game Sweep at La Manga Tournament |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/03/11/09/46/150309-u20wnt-2-swe-0-gamestory |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2015, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF ta 2015 a watan Disamba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Head Coach Michelle French Names Roster for Womens World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/11/25/14/44/151125-u20wnt-french-names-roster-for-concacaf-u20-womens-world-cup-qualifying |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson shine dan wasan da ya fi kwarewa a cikin jerin sunayen kuma ya jagoranci tawagar.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2015 |title=Q&A: U-20 WNT's Mallory Pugh Hyped Up to Lead USA Through U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/04/20/31/151204-u20wnt-mallory-pugh-qa-concacaf-u20-womens-world-cup-qualifying |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko da Mexico a ranar 4 ga watan Disamba, Swanson ya zira kwallaye a wasan kisa a minti na 20. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 4, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Opens World Cup Qualifying with 2–2 Draw vs. Mexico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/05/19/27/151204-u20wnt-opens-world-cup-qualifying-tournament-with-draw-vs-mexico |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Amurka ta cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 bayan da ta doke Honduras a wasan kusa da na karshe a ranar 11 ga watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2015 |title=U-20 WNT Qualifies for 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup After Defeating Honduras 7–0 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/12/04/36/151211-u20wnt-qualifies-for-2016-world-cup-with-7-0-semifinal-win-vs-honduras |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya taimaka wa tawagar ta lashe gasar tare da nasarar 1-0 a kan Kanada a ranar 13 ga watan Disamba. Bayan gasar, an ba Swanson kyautar Golden Boot don mafi yawan kwallaye da aka zira da kuma Golden Ball don mafi kyawun ɗan wasan gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2015 |title=Champions of CONCACAF! U-20 WNT Wins Fifth Regional Title with 1–0 Victory vs. Canada |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/14/01/53/151213-u20wnt-wins-2015-concacaf-u20-womens-championship-1-0-vs-canada |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba, an ba Swanson suna 2015 US Soccer Young Female Player of the Year . <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh, Matt Miazga and Kevin Hensley Voted 2015 U.S. Soccer Player of the Year |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/18/17/37/151218-voted-2015-us-soccer-player-of-the-year |access-date=August 8, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Duk da kasancewa memba na babbar ƙungiyar ƙasa a cikin 2016, Swanson yana da shekaru 18 har yanzu yana da shekaru masu kyau don gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016. Bayan dawowa daga wasannin Olympics, Swanson ya shiga kungiyar U-20 a sansanin horo a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2016 |title=Five Things To Know: U.S. U-20 Women's NTC Invitational |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/09/five-things-to-know-us-u20-womens-ntc-invitational |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta jagoranci tawagar U-20 ta Amurka a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 inda ta kasance 'yar wasa mafi ƙwarewa a tawagar su tare da wasanni 23 na kasa da kasa da kwallaye 17.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Five Things To Know: U-20 WNT And The 2016 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/11/five-things-to-know-u20-wnt-and-the-2016-fifa-u20-womens-world-cup |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na biyu da New Zealand Amurka ta lashe 3-1, Swanson ya zira kwallaye kuma ya karbi dan wasan girmamawa na wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2016 |title=Pugh's Inspiration to USA's Young Brigade |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/pugh-s-inspiration-to-usa-s-young-brigade-2852545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027204633/https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/news/pugh-s-inspiration-to-usa-s-young-brigade-2852545 |archive-date=October 27, 2020 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=FIFA}}</ref> Ta hanyar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2016 da kuma Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016, Swanson ta yi tarihi ta hanyar kasancewa 'yar wasan mata ta farko ta Amurka da ta taka leda a duka wasannin a wannan shekarar.<ref name="Teen No More, Mal Pugh Turns 20">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2018 |title=Teen No More, Mal Pugh Turns 20 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/teen-no-more-mal-pugh-turns-20 |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson har yanzu zai kasance shekaru da suka cancanci gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA U-20 ta 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2017 |title=Five Things To Know About Mallory Pugh |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/04/five-things-to-know-about-mallory-pugh |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> === Babban ƙungiyar ƙasa === ==== 2016 ==== [[Fayil:Mallory_Pugh_(37460720721)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Swanson tare da Amurka a kan New Zealand a ranar 19 ga Satumba, 2017.]] Bayan nasarar da ta samu tare da tawagar mata ta kasa ta U-20, an kira Swanson zuwa babbar tawagar kasa don sansanin horo na farko na 2016 daga Janairu 5 zuwa 21 wanda ya kai ga wasan da Ireland. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi ƙanƙanta da za a kira zuwa ƙungiyar a cikin shekaru 15.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2015 |title=Ellis Names 26 for Training Camp Roster as U.S WNT Opens 2016 |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2015/12/31/15/16/151231-ellis-names-26-for-training-camp-as-wnt-opens-2016 |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2016, Swanson ta samu lambar yabo ta farko ga USWNT a lokacin wasan da ta yi da Ireland, ta zo ga Alex Morgan a minti na 58. Ita ce 'yar wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da ta fara buga wa tawagar ƙasa tun lokacin da Heather O'Reilly ta fara buga a shekara ta 2002. Daga nan sai ta zama 'yar wasan Amurka ta 19 da ta zira kwallaye a karon farko lokacin da ta zira kwallo ta farko a kasa da kasa a minti na 83 don samun nasarar Amurka 5-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Opens 2016 with 5–0 Win Against Republic of Ireland in Front of Record Crowd in San Diego |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/24/00/37/160123-wnt-opens-2016-with-5-0-win-against-republic-of-ireland-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-san-diego |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan bayyanarta ta farko, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin 'yan wasa 20 na 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying kuma ya zama dan wasa mafi ƙanƙanta da za a kira shi zuwa jerin sunayen cancantar Olympics na USWNT . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 26, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 20-Player Roster for 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/26/18/02/160126-wnt-ellis-names-20-player-roster-for-2016-concacaf-womens-olympic-qualifying |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan farko na tawagar da Costa Rica a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, Swanson ya maye gurbin Crystal Dunn a minti na 68.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2016 |title=WNT Opens 2016 Olympic Qualifying with Big 5–0 Win vs. Costa Rica in Frisco |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/11/03/41/160210-wnt-opens-2016-olympic-qualifying-with-big-5-0-win-vs-costa-rica-in-frisco |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta yi bayyanarta ta uku ga tawagar a wasan su na biyu na gasar, ta zo ga Ali Krieger a minti na 75 don taimakawa USWNT ta kayar da Mexico 1-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 13, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Through to Semifinals of 2016 Olympic Qualifying after 1–0 Win Against Mexico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/13/23/35/160213-wnt-continues-olympic-qualifying-with-1-0-win-against-mexico-in-frisco-texas |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta fara bugawa a wasan da kungiyar ta yi da Puerto Rico a ranar 15 ga Fabrairu. A lokacin wasan, ta yi rikodin taimako a minti na 6. A minti na 18, dan wasan Puerto Rico Selimar Pagan ya saukar da Swanson a cikin akwatin kisa kuma an ba USWNT kisa, wanda Carli Lloyd ya zira kwallaye. A cikin minti na 60, Swanson ya aika da gicciye zuwa ga [[Alex Morgan]], amma an karkatar da shi daga mai tsaron gidan Puerto Rican Ashley Rivera kuma a cikin nata net.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2016 |title=WNT Tops Olympic Qualifying Group After 10–0 Shutout Against Puerto Rico |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/16/04/45/160215-wnt-tops-olympic-qualifying-group-after-10-0-shutout-against-puerto-rico |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya fara ne a wasan kusa da na karshe da Trinidad da Tobago a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, ya taimaka wa USWNT ta cancanci zuwa Wasannin Olympics na 2016 a [[Rio de Janeiro]] bayan nasarar 5-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2016 |title=WNT Punches Ticket to Rio With 5–0 Win Against Trinidad & Tobago |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/20/04/35/160219-wnt-v-trinidad-tobago-qualifies-for-2016-olympics |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kuma fara wasan karshe da Kanada, ya taimaka wa USWNT lashe gasar bayan ya doke Kanada 2-0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2016 |title=WNT Defeats Canada 2–0 to Win 2016 CONCACAF Olympic Qualifying Championship |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/22/03/30/160221-wnt-defeats-canada-2-0-to-claim-2016-olympic-qualifying-title |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> An sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2016 wanda ya gudana daga Maris 3 zuwa 9. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2016 |title=USA Unveils SheBelieves Cup Roster as World's Top Teams Come to USA |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/02/26/18/51/160226-wnt-usa-england-france-germany-shebelieves-cup-top-players-come-for-international-tournament |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta fara ne a wasan farko na tawagar a ranar 3 ga watan Maris da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 3, 2016 |title=Dunn Strike Earns USA 1–0 Win Against England in First SheBelieves Cup Match |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/04/03/01/160303-wnt-crystal-dunn-fires-usa-to-win-vs-england-in-shebelieves-cup-opener |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan da aka yi da Faransa a ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Swanson ya taimaka wa burin wasan kawai a lokacin dakatarwar, ya ba USWNT nasara.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2016 |title=WNT Defeats France 1–0 at SheBelieves Cup on Stoppage Time Goal From Alex Morgan in Front of Record Crowd in Nashville |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/06/22/21/160306-wnt-defeats-france-1-0-at-shebelieves-cup-on-stoppage-time-goal-from-alex-morgan |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta kuma fito a wasan karshe na gasar da Jamus kuma USWNT ta lashe kofin SheBelieves na 2016 tare da nasarar 2-1 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2016 |title=USA Defeats Germany 2–1 to Win 2016 SheBelieves Cup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/10/03/54/160309-wnt-downs-germany-2-1-to-claim-inaugural-shebelieves-cup-title |access-date=July 21, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya shiga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 don sansanin horo kafin wasanni biyu da Colombia a farkon watan Afrilu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 22, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 23 Players for April Friendly Matches Against Colombia |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/22/14/31/160322-wnt-ellis-names-23-players-for-april-friendly-matches-against-colombia |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na biyu na kasa da kasa daga taimakon Carli Lloyd a wasan farko na tawagar da Colombia. Daga nan sai ta taimaka wa burin Lloyd minti shida bayan haka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 6, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Defeats Colombia 7–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Connecticut |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/04/06/20/35/160406-wnt-defeats-colombia-7-0-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-connecticut |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta buga dukkan minti 90 a wasan na biyu da Colombia a ranar 10 ga Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 10, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Tops Colombia 3–0 in Front of Sold-Out Crowd in Pennsylvania |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/04/10/17/15/160410-wnt-tops-colombia-3-0-in-front-of-sold-out-crowd-in-pennsylvania |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Lokacin da Swanson ta cika shekaru 18 a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2016, ta kara sunanta a cikin jerin rikodin, gami da na biyar a duk lokacin ga mafi yawan USWNT caps kafin shekaru 18 tare da 11, na uku ga mafi yawan burin kafin shekaru 18 da biyu, na huɗu a mafi yawan farawa kafin shekaru 18 amb bakwai, kuma na farko ga mafi yawan taimako kafin shekaru 18 með biyar.<ref name="ussoccer.com">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2018 |title=Teen no more, Mal Pugh turns 20 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/teen-no-more-mal-pugh-turns-20 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ya kasance a cikin jerin sunayen gajeren sansanin horo a gaban wani jerin wasanni biyu da Japan a farkon watan Yuni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 18, 2016 |title=Ellis Names 25 Players for Japan Friendlies |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/05/18/14/13/160518-wnt-ellis-names-25-players-to-training-camp-roster-for-japan-friendlies |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta buga dukkan minti 90 na wasan farko a ranar 2 ga Yuni a Commerce City, Colorado, kuma ta taimaka a minti na 27.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 3, 2016 |title=USA and Japan Play to Thrilling 3–3 Draw Before Sold Out Crowd in Colorado |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/06/03/05/03/160602-wnt-and-japan-play-to-thrilling-3-3-draw-before-sold-out-crowd-in-colorado |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson bai yi ado ba don wasan na biyu a ranar 5 ga Yuni saboda rashin lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 5, 2016 |title=U.S. Soccer WNT on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/ussoccer_wnt/status/739487989567475716 |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=Twitter |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2016 ==== A ranar 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2016, an sanya sunan Swanson a cikin 'yan wasa 18 da za su wakilci Amurka a Wasannin Olympics na 2016 a [[Rio de Janeiro]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2016 |title=USA Head Coach Jill Ellis Names 2016 U.S. Olympic Women's Soccer Team |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/07/12/15/35/160712-wnt-jill-ellis-names-2016-us-olympic-womens-soccer-team |access-date=July 17, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta fara wasan Olympics a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta a wasan farko na kungiyar da New Zealand ta yi.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=August 3, 2016 |title=USA Opens 2016 Olympic Games With 2–0 Group G Win Against New Zealand |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/04/00/21/160803-wnt-160803-wnt-usa-opens-2016-olympic-games-with-2-0-group-g-win-against-new-zealand |access-date=August 7, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga watan Agusta, Swanson ya zo ga [[Megan Rapinoe]] a minti na 33 na wasan karshe na kungiyar da Colombia. Ta zira kwallaye a minti na 59, ta zama dan wasan Amurka mafi ƙanƙanta da ya zira kwallaya a gasar Olympics. Ta sanya Amurka a gaba 2-1 tare da burinta; duk da haka, wasan ya ƙare a 2-2 draw.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=August 9, 2016 |title=USA Wins Group G with 2–2 Draw vs. Colombia at 2016 Olympics |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/09/23/48/160809-wnt-wins-group-g-with-2-2-draw-vs-colombia-at-2016-olympics |access-date=August 9, 2016 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan kusa da na karshe, Swanson ya fara wasan da Sweden a ranar 12 ga watan Agusta. Wasan ya kasance 1-1 bayan lokacin tsari kuma [[Lindsey Heaps|Lindsey Horan]] ya maye gurbin Swanson a minti na 114 a karin lokaci. Daga nan ne Sweden ta ci Amurka a wasan kisa.<ref name="swedenaug12">{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2016 |title=Dominant USA Falls to Sweden 4–3 in Penalty Shootout after 1–1 Draw in 2016 Olympic Quarterfinals |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/12/19/37/160812-wnt-falls-to-sweden-4-3-in-penalty-shootout-after-1-1-draw-in-2016-olympic-quarterfinals |access-date=August 12, 2016}}</ref> ==== 2017 ==== [[Fayil:Mallory_Pugh_(36871426954)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Swanson tare da USWNT a cikin 2017]] A cikin wasanni 16 da USWNT ta buga a cikin 2017, Swanson ya buga a cikin 12 kuma ya fara a cikin 9 daga cikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2017 |title=2017 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2017 |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> An sanya mata suna a cikin jerin sunayen gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2017 |title=All four SheBelieves cup rosters released |url=https://equalizersoccer.com/2017/02/21/all-four-shebelieves-cup-rosters-released/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=The Equalizer}}</ref> Bayan ya juya 19 a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 2017, rikodin Swanson na USWNT an ɗaure shi da [[Mia hamm|Mia Hamm]] na uku a tarihin USWNT don burin kafin shekaru 19 tare da hudu, na huɗu a cikin kawuna tare da 22, kuma na biyu a farawa tare da 15.<ref name="ussoccer.com" /> A watan Oktoba Swanson ya samu rauni a cikin hamstring yayin wasan da ya yi da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Koriya ta Kudu lokacin da USWNT ke cin nasara 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2017 |title=Mallory Pugh out for 2nd South Korea Match |url=https://eu.usatoday.com/story/sports/soccer/2017/10/20/mallory-pugh-out-for-2nd-south-korea-match/106846612/ |access-date=September 21, 2022 |website=USA Today}}</ref> ==== 2018 ==== Swanson ta fara 2018 da karfi tare da aikinta na farko a ranar 21 ga Janairu, 2018, a kan Denmark, USWNT ta lashe wasan 5-1.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2018 |title=WNT Beats Reigning Euro Runners-Up Denmark 5–1 In Thrilling 2018 Opener |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/01/wnt-beats-reigning-euro-runnersup-denmark-51-in-thrilling-2018-opener |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan karshe da ta yi a matsayin matashiya a ranar 8 ga Afrilu, 2018, a kan Mexico ta zira kwallaye na biyar na shekara ta kalandar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2018 |title=Carli Lloyd Scores 100th Goal In Wild 6–2 Win vs. Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/carli-lloyd-scores-100th-goal-in-wild-62-win-vs-mexico |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Swanson ta kasance ta biyu a duk lokacin da ta fara kafin ta kai shekara 20 tare da 27, ta biyu a kowane lokaci a cikin ƙwallon kafin ta kai shekaru 20 tare da 11, kuma ta farko a duk lokacin a cikin taimakon kafin ta kai 20 tare da 12.<ref name="ussoccer.com" /> A ranar 8 ga Yuni, 2018, Swanson ta ji rauni a PCL a gwiwarta ta dama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2018 |title=USWNT Forward Mallory Pugh Out 8–10 Weeks With PCL Sprain |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/06/us-wnt-forward-mallory-pugh-out-810-weeks-with-pcl-sprain |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta dawo a ranar 31 ga watan Agusta, 2018, a wasan da ta yi da Chile. Amurka ta ci 3-0, Swanson ya taimaka wa burin na uku da Christen Press ya zira wanda ake girmamawa a wannan wasan don 100 na tawagar kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 1, 2018 |title=USA Dominates First-Ever Match vs. Chile, Wins 3–0 On Wild Night in Carson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/09/usa-dominates-firstever-match-vs-chile-wins-30-on-wild-night-in-carson |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2019 ==== Swanson ya zira kwallaye na farko na shekara ga Amurka a cikin asarar 3-1 da Faransa ta buga a [[Le Havre]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2019 |title=USWNT v France – 1/19/2019 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/competitions/uswnt-friendlies-2019/matches/united-states-vs-france |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta taka leda a gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2019 inda Amurka ta kammala a matsayin masu tsere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2019 |title=WNT Closes Out 2019 SheBelieves Cup With 1–0 Victory Against Brazil |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/03/wnt-closes-out-2019-shebelieves-cup-with-10-victory-against-brazil |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Afrilu, Swanson ta zira kwallaye na biyu a wasan da ta yi da Australia, inda Amurka ta ci 5-3. Goal dinta na farko a wannan wasan ya zo ne kawai 37 seconds bayan da ta shiga filin wasa a minti na 67.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 6, 2019 |title=Morgan Scores 100th Goal as WNT Fights Back to Beat Australia 5–3 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/04/morgan-scores-100th-goal-as-wnt-fights-back-to-beat-australia-53 |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Swanson ta kuma zira kwallaye a kan Mexico a wasan karshe na Amurka kafin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2019 |title=USA Enjoys 3–0 Win Against Mexico in Final Match of Send-Off Series, Presented by Volpi Foods |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/us-womens-national-team-3-mexico-0-sendoff-series |access-date=November 13, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019 ==== Swanson na ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasa 23 da aka kira don Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. A shekara ta 21 ita ce ta biyu mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin jerin sunayen bayan Tierna Davidson mai shekaru 20.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 1, 2019 |title=Meet the USA's 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Team |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/meet-the-usas-2019-fifa-womens-world-cup-team |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> USWNT ta buga wasan farko a ranar 11 ga Yuni, 2019, a kan Thailand, inda ta ci nasara da tarihi 13-0 . Swanson ta ci gaba a minti na 69, ta taimaka wa [[Megan Rapinoe]] a minti na 74 sannan daga baya ta zira kwallaye na farko a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA a minti na 85. Tana da shekaru 21 da kwanaki 43 lokacin da ta zira kwallaye, wanda ya sa ta zama ta uku mafi ƙanƙanta a USWNT a tarihi da ta zira kwallo a gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=USA Surges to World Cup Record 13–0 win in opening match against Thailand |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/06/usa-surges-to-world-cup-record-13-0-win-in-opening-match-against-thailand |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Ta bayyana a dukkan wasannin rukuni uku da ta yi da Thailand, Chile da Sweden. USWNT ta ci gaba da lashe Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. ==== 2020 ==== An sanya sunan Swanson a cikin jerin sunayen don gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2020, wanda ya nuna bayyanarta ta biyar a gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 26, 2020 |title=Andonovski Names Final 23 Player Roster for 2020 SheBelieves Cup Presented By Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/02/andonovski-names-final-23-player-roster-for-2020-shebelieves-cup-presented-by-visa |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A wasan su na uku kuma na karshe na gasar da Japan, Amurka ta ci 3-1, Swanson ya taimaka wa kwallo da [[Lindsey Heaps|Lindsey Horan]] ya zira.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2020 |title=USA Wins 2020 SheBelieves Cup with 3–1 Victory vs Japan |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Bayan da USWNT ta sami hutu a wasan kasa da kasa saboda [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], Swanson bai samu shiga sansanin tawagar kasa da ake gudanarwa daga Oktoba 18-28, 2020 ba saboda rauni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2020 |title=Vlatko Andonovski Names 27 Player Roster for First U.S. Women's National Team Training Camp in Seven Months |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/10/uswnt-head-coach-vlatko-andonovski-names-27-player-roster-for-october-training-camp |access-date=October 24, 2020 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2021 ==== Swanson ya fara shekarar halartar sansanin Janairu na shekara-shekara na Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2021 |title=The 2021 USWNT January camp roster is here |url=https://www.starsandstripesfc.com/2021/1/6/22215724/2021-uswnt-january-camp-roster-two-friendlies-colombia-orlando |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=Stars and Stripes FC}}</ref> Koyaya, rauni da wasa mara daidaituwa sun nuna cewa ba ta ga filin ga Amurka ba har sai daga baya a wannan shekarar, a cikin jerin wasannin sada zumunci a watan Satumba da Oktoba da Paraguay da ƙungiyar Koriya ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 31, 2021 |title=2021 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2021 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=July 27, 2022 |title=2021 USWNT's Mallory Pugh: 'I lost my game a little bit' after 2019 World Cup |url=https://justwomenssports.com/uswnt-nwsl-mallory-pugh-lost-game-world-cup/ |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=Just Women's Sports}}</ref> Komawar Swanson zuwa wasa ya kasance mai ƙarfi, ya ba da gudummawa uku a wasan farko da Paraguay, mafi yawa ga kowane ɗan wasan Amurka a wasa ɗaya tun lokacin da [[Alex Morgan]] a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 16, 2021 |title=International Friendly: USA 9 – Paraguay 0 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2021/09/international-friendly-uswnt-9-vs-paraguay-0-match-report-stats |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2022 ==== Swanson ya ga dawowa cikin al'ada a cikin 2022, yana wasa a wasanni 15 daga cikin wasanni 18 na Amurka kuma yana farawa 13 daga cikinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 15, 2022 |title=2022 USWNT Lineups |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/uswnt-lineups/2022 |access-date=September 15, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Making the Case: Mallory Pugh for BioSteel U.S. Soccer Female Player of the Year |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/12/making-the-case-mallory-pugh-for-biosteel-us-soccer-female-player-of-the-year |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> An sanya mata suna a cikin jerin sunayen Amurka a gasar cin kofin SheBelieves ta 2022 kuma ta gama a matsayin jagora mai zira kwallaye a gasar, ta buga bayan net sau ɗaya da New Zealand kuma sau biyu da Iceland.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team defeats Iceland 5–0 to win third consecutive and fifth overall SheBelieves Cup title, presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-iceland-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 22, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Yayin da shekara ta ci gaba, Swanson ta ci gaba da karya rikodin, na Amurka da nata. Goal din da ta yi da Uzbekistan a ranar 12 ga watan Afrilu ya nuna jerin zira kwallaye hudu, ya wuce rikodin daga 2021 da [[Megan Rapinoe]] ta gudanar a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–0 as Catarina Macario and Rose Lavelle score twice each |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> A lokacin gasar cin kofin CONCACAF W ta 2022, Swanson ta taka leda a tawagarta ta 75 ta Amurka, dan wasa na 49 da ya yi hakan kuma mafi ƙanƙanta tun Heather O'Reilly a shekara ta 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2022 |title=U.S. U.S. Women's National Team open 2022 CONCACAF W Championship with 2–0 win over Haiti |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-haiti-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Tana da kwallaye 14, kwallaye 7 da kuma taimakon 7 - mafi kyawun aikinta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2022 |title=U.S. U.S. Women's National Team advances to CONCACAF W Championship Final with 3–0 against Costa Rica |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-costa-rica-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=September 17, 2022 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> ==== 2023 ==== Swanson ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai karfi a farkon 2023, inda ta zira kwallaye sau uku a wasannin sada zumunci da New Zealand da kuma sau uku a gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2023. Wannan yana nufin ta zira kwallaye a wasanni biyar na USWNT a jere, mafi kyawun kansa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallory Swanson Goal Gives USA Important 1-0 Win Against Japan In Second Match Of 2023 SheBelieves Cup, Presented By Visa {{!}} U.S. Soccer Official Website |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-1-japan-0-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=February 20, 2023 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 2023, Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka ta tabbatar da cewa a lokacin wasan sada zumunci na USWNT da Ireland a ranar 8 ga Afrilu. Swanson ta tsage ta hagu. ==== 2024 ==== Bayan ta warke, Swanson ta koma USWNT don gasar cin Kofin SheBelieves na 2024 a watan Afrilun 2024. A ranar 1 ga watan Yuni, ta zira kwallaye a kan Koriya ta Kudu a wasan sada zumunci a jihar Colorado. A ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2024, an zaɓi Swanson zuwa jerin 'yan wasa 18 don Wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2024 a Faransa, wanda ke nuna gasar Olympics ta biyu. A matakin rukuni, ta zira kwallaye a nasarar 3-0 a kan [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata yan kasa shekara 17 ta kasar Zambiya|Zambia]] kuma ta kara da wani burin a kan Jamus. A cikin abin da ya kasance bayyanarta ta 100 a duniya, ta zira kwallaye na 57 don kayar da Brazil 1-0 a wasan karshe na Olympics, ta sami lambar zinare. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Swanson [[Kirista]] ne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Doering |first=Joshua |date=February 23, 2023 |title=USWNT star Mallory Swanson wins SheBelieves Cup MVP as she lets God 'take it all' |url=https://sportsspectrum.com/sport/soccer/2023/02/23/uswnt-mallory-swanson-mvp-god-take-it-all/ |access-date=March 6, 2023 |website=Sports Spectrum}}</ref> A ƙarshen shekara ta 2017, ta fara yin soyayya da dan wasan Major League Baseball mai suna Dansby Swanson bayan ta sadu da shi ta hanyar surukinta da tsohon abokin wasan Swanson Jace Peterson . Ma'auratan sun yi aure a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's Soccer Player Mallory Pugh Weds MLB's Dansby Swanson in 'Enchanted Forest' Ceremony! |url=https://people.com/sports/us-womens-soccer-mallory-pugh-marries-dansby-swanson/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=Peoplemag |language=en}}</ref> Ta fara amfani da sunanta na aure a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2023 |title=Mallory Swanson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/players/p/mallory-swanson |access-date=January 3, 2023 |publisher=[[United States Soccer Federation]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, 2025 ma'auratan sun sanar a [[Instagram]] cewa suna jiran ɗansu na farko. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2025, Swanson ta haifi jariri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sacks |first=Hannah |date=19 November 2025 |title=Olympian Mallory Swanson Welcomes First Baby with MLB Player Husband Dansby Swanson |url=https://people.com/olympian-mallory-swanson-welcomes-first-baby-with-husband-dansby-swanson-11852914 |url-status= |access-date=16 August 2026 |website=PEOPLE}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kungiyar === {{Updated|September 21, 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin [ƙasa-alpha 1] ! colspan="2" |Wasanni[ƙasa-alpha 2] ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Washington Spirit |2017 | rowspan="9" |NWSL |16 |6 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |16 |6 |- |2018 |15 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |15 |2 |- |2019 |9 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |9 |2 |- |Sky Blue FC |2020 | colspan="2" | - |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - |1 [ƙasa-alpha 3] |0 |1 |0 |- | rowspan="5" |Chicago Red Stars |2021 |23 |4 |2 |1 |2 |1 | colspan="2" | - |27 |6 |- |2022 |16 |11 |5 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - |22 |15 |- |2023 |2 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |2 |1 |- |2024 |19 |7 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |19 |7 |- |2025 | colspan="10" |Bai yi wasa ba |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !100 !33 !7 !5 !3 !1 !1 !0 !111 !39 |} === Kasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played October 30, 2024}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanawa da burin ta ƙungiyar ƙasa da shekara !Ƙungiyar ƙasa !Shekara !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="10" |Amurka |2016 |17 |4 |- |2017 |12 |2 |- |2018 |14 |6 |- |2019 |19 |6 |- |2020 |1 |0 |- |2021 |4 |0 |- |2022 |15 |7 |- |2023 |6 |7 |- |2024 |15 |6 |- |2025 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !103 !38 |} : ''Scores da sakamakon lissafin burin Amurka na farko, shafi na ci yana nuna ci bayan kowane burin Swanson.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+List of international goals scored by Mallory Swanson ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Venue ! scope="col" |Opponent ! scope="col" |Score ! scope="col" |Result ! scope="col" |Competition ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}} |- | style="text-align:center" |1 |January 23, 2016 |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] |{{Fbw|IRL}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal001">{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2016 |title=U.S. WNT Opens 2016 with 5–0 Win Against Republic of Ireland in Front of Record Crowd in San Diego |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/01/24/00/37/160123-wnt-opens-2016-with-5-0-win-against-republic-of-ireland-in-front-of-record-crowd-in-san-diego |access-date=January 24, 2015 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |2 |April 6, 2016 |East Hartford, Connecticut |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |7–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal002">{{Cite web |title=U.S. WNT Defeats Colombia 7–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Connecticut |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2016/160406-wnt-v-col |access-date=April 8, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |3 |July 22, 2016 |Kansas City, Kansas |{{Fbw|Costa Rica}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal003">{{Cite web |title=Strong Performance Propels USA to 4–0 Win vs. Costa Rica in Final Olympic Tuneup |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/07/23/04/18/160722-wnt-strong-performance-propels-usa-to-4-0-win-vs-costa-rica-in-final-olympic-tuneup |access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |4 |August 9, 2016 |[[Manaus]], Brazil |{{Fbw|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–2 |2016 Summer Olympics |<ref group="m" name="goal004">{{Cite web |title=USA Wins Group G with 2–2 Draw vs. Colombia at 2016 Olympics |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/08/09/23/48/160809-wnt-wins-group-g-with-2-2-draw-vs-colombia-at-2016-olympics |access-date=August 9, 2016}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |5 |August 3, 2017 |Carson, California |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |2017 Tournament of Nations |<ref group="m" name="goal005">{{Cite web |title=Rapinoe, Pugh, Morgan Fire USA to 3–0 Win vs. Japan in Strong #ToN2017 Finish |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/04/03/40/20170803-recap-wnt-beats-japan-3-0-in-tournament-of-nations-finale |access-date=August 4, 2017 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |6 |September 19, 2017 |Cincinnati, Ohio |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal006">{{Cite web |title=WNT Defeats New Zealand 5–0 in Front of Record Crowd in Cincinnati |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/09/20/01/44/20170919-recap-wnt-defeats-new-zealand-5-0-record-crowd-cincinnati-alex-morgan |access-date=January 24, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |7 | rowspan="2" |January 21, 2018 | rowspan="2" |[[San Diego|San Diego, California]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Denmark}} | style="text-align:center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–1 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal007">{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2018 |title=WNT Beats Reigning EURO Runners-up Denmark 5–1 In Thrilling 2018 Opener |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/01/22/03/50/20180121-recap-wnt-beats-reigning-euro-runner-up-denmark-5-1-in-2018-san-diego-friendly |access-date=January 24, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |8 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |- | style="text-align:center" |9 |March 4, 2018 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|France}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–1 |2018 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal009">{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2018 |title=WNT Plays France to 1–1 Draw Before 25,706 fans at 2018 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/03/04/19/17/20180304-recap-wnt-plays-france-to-1-1-draw-in-second-2018-shebeleievs-cup-game |access-date=March 6, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |10 |April 5, 2018 |Jacksonville, Florida |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal010">{{Cite web |date=April 5, 2018 |title=WNT Dispatches Mexico 4–1 in First of Two April Friendlies |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/04/06/01/01/20180405-recap-wnt-dispatches-mexico-4-1-in-first-of-two-april-friendlies-jacksonville |access-date=April 6, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |11 |April 8, 2018 |[[Houston|Houston, Texas]] |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |6–2 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal011">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2018 |title=U.S. WNT vs. Mexico |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2018/20180408-wnt-vs-mexico#tab-1 |access-date=April 11, 2018 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |12 |September 4, 2018 |San Jose, California |{{Fbw|Chile}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal012">{{Cite web |title=WNT Caps Two-Game Series Sweep of World Cup-Bound Chile with Dominant 4-0 Win in San Jose |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/09/wnt-caps-twogame-series-sweep-of-world-cupbound-chile-with-dominant-40-win-in-san-jose |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |13 |January 19, 2019 |[[Le Havre]], France |{{Fbw|France}} | style="text-align:center" |1–3 | style="text-align:center" |1–3 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal013">{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2019 |title=USA Drops 3–1 Result Away to World Cup Hosts France in First Game of 2019 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/matches/wnt/2019/20190119-wnt-vs-france#tab-1 |access-date=January 24, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |14 | rowspan="2" |April 4, 2019 | rowspan="2" |Commerce City, Colorado | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Australia}} | style="text-align:center" |4–2 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–3 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal1415">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2019 |title=MORGAN SCORES 100TH GOAL AS WNT FIGHTS BACK TO BEAT AUSTRALIA 5–3 |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/04/05/03/09/20190404-wnt-fights-back-beats-australia-5-3-denver-morgan-100 |access-date=May 13, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |15 | style="text-align:center" |5–3 |- | style="text-align:center" |16 |May 26, 2019 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal016">{{Cite web |date=May 26, 2019 |title=USA ENJOYS 3–0 WIN AGAINST MEXICO IN FINAL MATCH OF SEND-OFF SERIES |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/05/us-womens-national-team-3-mexico-0-sendoff-series |access-date=May 28, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |17 |June 11, 2019 |[[Reims]], France |{{Fbw|Thailand}} | style="text-align:center" |11–0 | style="text-align:center" |13–0 |2019 FIFA Women's World Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal017">{{Cite web |date=June 11, 2019 |title=USA SURGES TO WORLD CUP RECORD 13–0 WIN IN OPENING MATCH AGAINST THAILAND |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2019/06/usa-surges-to-world-cup-record-13-0-win-in-opening-match-against-thailand |access-date=June 11, 2019 |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |18 |October 3, 2019 |[[Charlotte, Arewacin Carolina|Charlotte, North Carolina]] |{{Fbw|South Korea}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal018"> {{Cite web |date=October 3, 2019 |title=US BEATS SOUTH KOREA IN FRIENDLY IN MEGAN RAPINOE'S RETURN TO ACTION |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report%3fgameId=554744&platform=amp |access-date=October 3, 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |19 |February 20, 2022 |Carson, California |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |5–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |2022 SheBelieves Cup |<ref group="m" name="goal019">{{Cite web |date=February 20, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats New Zealand 5–0 on Second Match Day of 2022 in SheBelieves Cup, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |20 | rowspan="2" |February 23, 2022 | rowspan="2" |[[Frisco, Texas]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Iceland}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |5–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal020 and 021">{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Iceland 5–0 to Win Third Consecutive and Fifth Overall SheBelieves Cup Title, Presented by Visa |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/02/2022-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-5-iceland-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |21 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |22 |April 9, 2022 |[[Columbus|Columbus, Ohio]] |{{Fbw|Uzbekistan}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |9–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal022">{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–1 as Forward Sophia Smith Records First Career Hat Trick |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-1-match-report-stats-standings |publisher=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |23 |April 12, 2022 |Chester, Pennsylvania |{{Fbw|Uzbekistan}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |9–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal023">{{Cite web |date=April 12, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Uzbekistan 9–0 as Catarina Macario and Rose Lavelle Score Twice Each |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/04/international-friendly-uswnt-9-uzbekistan-0-match-report-stats-standings- |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |24 |July 14, 2022 |San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico |{{Fbw|Costa Rica}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |2022 CONCACAF W Championship |<ref group="m" name="goal024">{{Cite web |date=July 14, 2022 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Advances to CONCACAF W Championship Final With 3–0 Win Against Costa Rica |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/07/concacaf-w-championship-uswnt-3-costa-rica-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |25 |November 13, 2022 |Harrison, New Jersey |{{Fbw|Germany}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal025">{{Cite web |date=November 13, 2022 |title=USWNT Closes Bold Final Stretch of 2022 Schedule With 2–1 Comeback Win Against Germany |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2022/11/international-friendly-uswnt-2-germany-1-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |26 | rowspan="2" |January 18, 2023 | rowspan="2" |[[Wellington]], New Zealand | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |Friendly | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal026">{{Cite web |date=January 18, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2023 With 4-0 Win Against FIFA Women's World Cup Co-Host New Zealand in Wellington |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/international-friendly-uswnt-4-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |27 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |28 |January 21, 2023 |[[Auckland]], New Zealand |{{Fbw|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center" |3–0 | style="text-align:center" |5–0 |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal028">{{Cite web |date=January 21, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Closes January Camp With 5-0 Win Against World Cup Co-Host New Zealand at Eden Park in Auckland |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/01/international-friendly-uswnt-5-new-zealand-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |29 | rowspan="2" |February 16, 2023 | rowspan="2" |Orlando, Florida | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|Canada}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |2023 SheBelieves Cup | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal029 and 030">{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2023 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Opens 2023 SheBelieves Cup With 2-0 Win Over Canada Behind Brace From Mallory Swanson |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-2-canada-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |30 | style="text-align:center" |2–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |31 |February 19, 2023 |Nashville, Tennessee |{{Fbw|Japan}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="4" |Friendly |<ref group="m" name="goal031">{{Cite web |date=February 19, 2023 |title=Mallory Swanson Goal Gives USA Important 1-0 Win Against Japan in Second Match of 2023 SheBelieves Cup, Presented by VISA |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-1-japan-0-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |32 |February 22, 2023 |[[Frisco, Texas]] |{{Fbw|Brazil}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | style="text-align:center" |2–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal032">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USA BEATS BRAZIL 2-1 TO WIN 2023 SHEBELIEVES CUP PRESENTED BY VISA |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2023/02/2023-shebelieves-cup-uswnt-2-brazil-1-match-report-stats-standings |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=US Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |33 | rowspan="2" |June 1, 2024 | rowspan="2" |Commerce City, Colorado | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|KOR}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal033">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Kicks Off Emma Hayes Era in Grand Fashion with Dominant 4-0 Victory over Korea Republic |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/06/uswnt-vs-korea-republic-score-result-highlights-goals-stats-match-recap |access-date=June 2, 2024 |website=www.ussoccer.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |34 | style="text-align:center" |4–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |35 | rowspan="2" |July 25, 2024 | rowspan="2" |[[Nice|Nice, France]] | rowspan="2" |{{Fbw|ZAM}} | style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="4" |2024 Summer Olympics | rowspan="2" |<ref group="m" name="goal035and036">{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Defeats Zambia 3-0 to Open 2024 Olympics |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-zambia-score-result-goals-stats-highlights-match-recap-paris-olympics-july-25 |website=U.S. Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |36 | style="text-align:center" |3–0 |- | style="text-align:center" |37 |July 28, 2024 |[[Marseille|Marseille, France]] |{{Fbw|GER}} | style="text-align:center" |2–1 | style="text-align:center" |4–1 |<ref group="m" name="goal037">{{Cite web |date=July 28, 2024 |title=U.S. Women's National Team Downs Germany 4-1 To Advance to Quarterfinals at 2024 Summer Olympics |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/07/usa-vs-germany-score-result-goals-stats-highlights-match-recap-paris-olympics-july-28 |website=U.S. Soccer |language=en}}</ref> |- | style="text-align:center" |38 |August 10, 2024 |[[Faris|Paris, France]] |{{Fbw|BRA}} | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | style="text-align:center" |1–0 | |} == Daraja == '''Amurka''' * Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA: 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosenblatt |first=Kalhan |date=July 7, 2019 |title=U.S. women's soccer team wins 2019 World Cup over the Netherlands in 2-0 final |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-women-s-soccer-team-win-2019-world-cup-n1027206 |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=NBC News |language=}}</ref> * Medal na zinare na Wasannin Olympics na bazara: 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurejko |first=Jonathan |date=10 August 2024 |title=Brazil 0-1 United States: Emma Hayes leads USA to Olympic gold |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/olympics/live/cvg5l5306z6t |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta CONCACAF: 2018; 2022 * SheBelieves Cup: 2016; 2018; 2020; 2022; 2023, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2016 |title=USA Defeats Germany 2–1 to Win 2016 SheBelieves Cup |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2016/03/10/03/54/160309-wnt-downs-germany-2-1-to-claim-inaugural-shebelieves-cup-title |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2018 |title=WNT Wins 2018 SheBelieves Cup With 1–0 Victory vs. England |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2018/03/08/02/29/20183007-recap-wnt-wins-2018-shebelieves-cup-with-1-0-win-vs-england}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2020 |title=USA Wins 2020 SheBelieves Cup With 3–1 Victory vs. Japan |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Sandra |date=February 22, 2023 |title=USWNT vs. Brazil score: USA win SheBelieves Cup with Alex Morgan and Mallory Swanson dominating in attack |url=https://www.cbssports.com/soccer/news/uswnt-vs-brazil-score-usa-win-shebelieves-cup-with-alex-morgan-and-mallory-swanson-dominating-in-attack/live/ |access-date=February 23, 2023 |website=CBS Sports |language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Shebelieves Cup final USWNT vs Canada result |url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2024/04/2024-shebelieves-cup-final-uswnt-vs-canada-result-score-stats-goals-highlights-match-recap |access-date=April 9, 2024 |website=U.S. Soccer}}</ref> '''Mutumin da ya fi so''' * Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka Matashiyar Mata ta Shekara: 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2015 |title=Mallory Pugh named 2015 U.S. Soccer Young Female Player of the Year |url=http://blogs.denverpost.com/preps/2015/12/18/mallory-pugh-named-2015-u-s-soccer-young-female-player-of-the-year/18480/ |access-date=January 24, 2016 |website=Denver Post}}</ref> * [[Kyautar Gatorade Player of the Year|Gatorade National Female Soccer Player of the Year]]: 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2015 |title=UCLA W Soccer Commit Mallory Pugh Wins Gatorade National Girls Soccer Player of the Year |url=http://la.suntimes.com/college-ucla-bruins/7/88/258848/ucla-w-soccer-commit-mallory-pugh-wins-gatorade-national-girls-soccer-player-of-the-year |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130085608/http://la.suntimes.com/college-ucla-bruins/7/88/258848/ucla-w-soccer-commit-mallory-pugh-wins-gatorade-national-girls-soccer-player-of-the-year |archive-date=January 30, 2016 |access-date=January 24, 2016 |publisher=Sun Times Network}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Kocin Kwallon Kafa ta Ƙasa ta Amurka (NSCAA) Matasa 'Yan wasa na Ƙasa na Shekara: 2014 <ref name="ecnl_bio">{{Cite web |title=Mallory Diane "Mal" Pugh |url=http://www.eliteclubsnationalleague.com/teams/49564626/29767343-49564720/29343707.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312063511/http://www.eliteclubsnationalleague.com/teams/49564626/29767343-49564720/29343707.html |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=March 12, 2016 |publisher=Elite Clubs National League}}</ref> * NSCAA Youth All-America Team: 2013 <ref name="ecnl_bio" /> * Wasanni Hotuna Wasanni Kid na Shekara Top 5 Finalist: 2012 <ref name="ecnl_bio" /> * NWSL Mafi Kyawun XI: 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 3, 2022 |title=NWSL Announces Winners of Mastercard Best XI Awards |url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/nwsl-announces-winners-of-mastercard-best-xi-awards |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=NWSL Soccer}}</ref> * SheBelieves Cup Babban mai zira kwallaye: 2023 <ref name=":4" /> * ESPN FC Women's Rank: # 15 a cikin jerin [[ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024|2024]] na 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na mata 50 mafi kyau 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2024 |title=ESPN FC Women's Rank: Top 50 soccer players of 2024 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/42095376/espn-2024-best-50-women-soccer-players-ranked-world |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ra0ytwjanw0kcwa513vrgsbdpo3ilye 0 166298 916064 2026-09-04T11:55:20Z Usman saadu 46863 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362757183|Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas]]" 916064 wikitext text/x-wiki Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8utozx7ptm2b64ckvw82n1lcauz3mqa 916065 916064 2026-09-04T11:55:44Z Usman saadu 46863 916065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == 1t7q2b1xveh1b4i5mnpzitg3w192oge 916066 916065 2026-09-04T11:56:19Z Usman saadu 46863 916066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == qqyf27lmhw3sbovgza16ptgoieyjlep 916067 916066 2026-09-04T11:56:51Z Usman saadu 46863 916067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 gaga watan Mayu a shekara ta, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == c2nu9h9slxr2pvu0l7n6kyqbqgjxg6r 916068 916067 2026-09-04T11:57:24Z Usman saadu 46863 916068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 gaga watan Mayu a shekara ta, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekara ta 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == ei9qmqvd0an5g6uc8ryupak5391bqg2 916069 916068 2026-09-04T11:57:50Z Usman saadu 46863 916069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agustaa a shekara ta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 gaga watan Mayu a shekara ta, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekara ta 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == 447hi1m1lc1enutbptq6s83ht6okxvf 916070 916069 2026-09-04T11:58:30Z Usman saadu 46863 916070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas ƙungiyar soul / pop ce ta Amurka daga [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], Amurka, an kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2010 kuma ta ƙunshi mawaƙa Jessica Hernandeza da ƙungiyarta The Deltas . == Tarihi == Jessica Hernandez ta girma ne a West Bloomfield, wani yanki mai arziki na Detroit. Ita 'yar mahaifiyar Mexico-Amurka ce da aka haifa a Detroit kuma mahaifin baƙo ne na Cuba.<ref name="ChiReader2019">{{Cite web |last=Johnson, Catalina Maria |date=2019-09-22 |title=Jessica Hernandez & the Deltas mix grooves from Detroit, Havana, and Mexico City |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/jessica-hernandez-and-the-deltas-mix-grooves-from-detroit-havana-and-mexico-city/Content?oid=72666671 |access-date=2019-08-31 |website=Chicago Reader |publisher=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> Iyayenta sun zauna sama da gidan cin abinci na iyalinta kafin a haife ta, kuma ta yi aiki a gidan burodi na Mexicantown <ref name="ChiReader2019" /> daga aji na uku. Ta raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa tun daga makarantar sakandare kuma ta yi wasan kwaikwayo a makarantar sakandare. Yayinda take kwaleji a Birnin Chicago ta fara raira waƙa a cikin rukuni na rock.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=SW Detroit's Jessica Hernandez And The Deltas Rock The David Letterman Show |url=http://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/10868/video_sw_detroit_s_jessica_hernandez_and_the_deltas_rock_the_david_letterman_show/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Deadline Detroit}}</ref> A shekara ta 2009, ta kasance a shirye don fara ƙungiyar. Sunan ƙungiyar ya samo asali ne daga shawarar tsohon mawaƙi wanda ke da motar Delta ta 1987. Bayan da ta saki kundin Weird Looking Women In Too Many Clothes Jessica Hernandez ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rikodin tare da Instant Records, sannan ta saki Demons EP, Secret Evil album, da Deceptacon single. Takardun kafofin watsa labarun sun nuna cewa Jessica da ƙungiyar sun koma ɗakin studio a cikin a shekarar 2016 don yin rikodin kundi na biyu. Waƙar farko da za a saki a matsayin waƙar da ake kira "Hot Damn" wanda aka saki ga magoya baya a watan Disamba 2016. === Asirin Mugunta (2014) === An saki Asirin Mugunta a ranar 19 ga watan Agustaa a shekara ta, 2014. Kungiyar ta bayyana a Late Show tare da David Letterman a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba suna wasa da waƙar "Sorry I Stole Your Man". Sun sami yabo mai yawa daga Letterman bayan wasan kwaikwayon su.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-11-11 |title=Detroit's Jessica Hernandez & The Deltas perform on Letterman |url=http://michiganradio.org/post/detroits-jessica-hernandez-deltas-perform-letterman/ |access-date=2015-05-23 |publisher=Michigan Radio Newsroom}}</ref> A ranar 19 gaga watan Mayu a shekara ta, 2015, ƙungiyar ta fitar da guda 7" wanda ya haɗa da "Deceptacon" (Le Tigre cover) da "Kada ku Ɗauke Mutumina zuwa Idaho". === ''Wayar waya / Wayar waya'' (2017) === Telephone / Telefono rikodin sau biyu ne, inda aka rubuta kowane waƙa a cikin rikodin a cikin Turanci da Mutanen Espanya.<ref name="ChiReader2019" /> An sake shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni, an inganta kundin ta hanyar PledgeMusic da yawon shakatawa na kasa. === Ficewar Michael Krygier === Tsohon guitarist Michael Krygier, wanda kwanan nan ya bar ƙungiyar bayan shekaru biyar na yin wasa tare da su, ya kashe kansa a ranar 13 ga watan Nuwamba, a shekara ta 2017. An kafa tallafin karatu na kiɗa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-21 |title=Krygier Memorial Music Scholarship |url=https://www.gofundme.com/krygier-memorial-music-scholarship |access-date=2017-11-23 |publisher=GoFundMe}}</ref> == Manazarta == 32dohcfzjf3pr3u9o473z8h3d1x495z